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Hashemi E, Yoseph E, Tsai HC, Moreno M, Yeh LH, Mehta SB, Kono M, Proia R, Han MH. Visualizing Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1(S1P 1) Signaling During Central Nervous System De- and Remyelination. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1219-1236. [PMID: 35917044 PMCID: PMC10444542 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by aberrant auto-reactive immune responses. The current immune-modulatory therapies are unable to protect and repair immune-mediated neural tissue damage. One of the therapeutic targets in MS is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway which signals via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1-5 (S1P1-5). S1P receptors are expressed predominantly on immune and CNS cells. Considering the potential neuroprotective properties of S1P signaling, we utilized S1P1-GFP (Green fluorescent protein) reporter mice in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model to investigate in vivo S1P - S1P1 signaling in the CNS. We observed S1P1 signaling in a subset of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) during demyelination. During remyelination, S1P1 signaling is expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the SVZ and mature oligodendrocytes in the medial corpus callosum (MCC). In the cuprizone model, we did not observe S1P1 signaling in neurons and astrocytes. We also observed β-arrestin-dependent S1P1 signaling in lymphocytes during demyelination and CNS inflammation. Our findings reveal β-arrestin-dependent S1P1 signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells implying a role of S1P1 signaling in remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Hashemi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ezra Yoseph
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hsing-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Monica Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Li-Hao Yeh
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mari Kono
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Proia
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - May H Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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2
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Liaci C, Camera M, Zamboni V, Sarò G, Ammoni A, Parmigiani E, Ponzoni L, Hidisoglu E, Chiantia G, Marcantoni A, Giustetto M, Tomagra G, Carabelli V, Torelli F, Sala M, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Hirsch E, Merlo GR. Loss of ARHGAP15 affects the directional control of migrating interneurons in the embryonic cortex and increases susceptibility to epilepsy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875468. [PMID: 36568982 PMCID: PMC9774038 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPases of the Rho family are components of signaling pathways linking extracellular signals to the control of cytoskeleton dynamics. Among these, RAC1 plays key roles during brain development, ranging from neuronal migration to neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity. RAC1 activity is positively and negatively controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), but the specific role of each regulator in vivo is poorly known. ARHGAP15 is a RAC1-specific GAP expressed during development in a fraction of migrating cortical interneurons (CINs) and in the majority of adult CINs. During development, loss of ARHGAP15 causes altered directionality of the leading process of tangentially migrating CINs, along with altered morphology in vitro. Likewise, time-lapse imaging of embryonic CINs revealed a poorly coordinated directional control during radial migration, possibly due to a hyper-exploratory behavior. In the adult cortex, the observed defects lead to subtle alteration in the distribution of CALB2-, SST-, and VIP-positive interneurons. Adult Arhgap15-knock-out mice also show reduced CINs intrinsic excitability, spontaneous subclinical seizures, and increased susceptibility to the pro-epileptic drug pilocarpine. These results indicate that ARHGAP15 imposes a fine negative regulation on RAC1 that is required for morphological maturation and directional control during CIN migration, with consequences on their laminar distribution and inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Liaci
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Camera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Zamboni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sarò
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Drug Science, NIS Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiantia
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science, NIS Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Tomagra
- Department of Drug Science, NIS Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Federico Torelli
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariaelvina Sala
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio R. Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Giorgio R. Merlo,
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. BKM120 alters the migration of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106226. [PMID: 35460881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BKM120 is an inhibitor of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and its anti-cancer effects have been demonstrated in various solid cancer models. BKM120 is highly brain permeable and has been reported to induce mood disturbances in clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether BKM120 produces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, as with patients receiving BKM120 in clinical trials. In this study, repeated BKM120 treatment (2.0 or 5.0mg/kg, i.p., five times at 12-h interval) significantly induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Although abnormal changes in hippocampal neurogenesis have been suggested to, at least in part, associated with the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, BKM120 did not affect the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or the expression of doublecortin (DCX); however, it significantly enhanced the radial migration of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. BKM120-induced changes in migration were not accompanied by obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Importantly, BKM120-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. Concomitantly, p-Akt expression was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-DCX, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-GTP decreased significantly, particularly in aberrantly migrated DCX-positive cells. Together, the results suggest that repeated BKM120 treatment enhances the radial migration of DCX-positive cells and induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by regulating the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA in the dentate gyrus. It also suggests that the altered migration of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus plays a role in mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091092. [PMID: 34572278 PMCID: PMC8470044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) causes long-lasting changes in brain plasticity induced by the exposure to stress factors acting prenatally or in the early postnatal ontogenesis due to hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, development of neuroinflammation, aberrant neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and significant alterations in brain metabolism that lead to neurological deficits and higher susceptibility to development of brain disorders later in the life. As a key component of complex pathogenesis, ELS-mediated changes in brain metabolism associate with development of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of appropriate mitochondria quality control and mitochondrial dynamics, deregulation of metabolic reprogramming. These mechanisms are particularly critical for maintaining the pool and development of brain cells within neurogenic and angiogenic niches. In this review, we focus on brain mitochondria and energy metabolism related to tightly coupled neurogenic and angiogenic events in healthy and ELS-affected brain, and new opportunities to develop efficient therapeutic strategies aimed to restore brain metabolism and reduce ELS-induced impairments of brain plasticity.
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Colombo E, Farina C. Lessons from S1P receptor targeting in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107971. [PMID: 34450231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive sphingolipid binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors expressed in several organs. The relevance of S1P-S1P receptor axis in the pathophysiology of immune and nervous systems has encouraged the development of S1P receptor modulators for the treatment of neurological, autoimmune and/or inflammatory disorders. Currently, four S1P receptor modulators are approved drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. As main pharmacologic effect, these treatments induce lymphopenia due to the loss of responsiveness to S1P gradients guiding lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs into the bloodstream. Recent data point to immunological effects of the S1P modulators beyond the inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking. Further, these drugs may cross the blood-brain barrier and directly target CNS resident cells expressing S1P receptors. Here we review the role of S1P signalling in neuroimmunology at the light of the evidences generated from the study of the mechanism of action of S1P receptor modulators in MS and integrate this information with findings derived from neuroinflammatory animal models and in vitro observations. These insights can direct the application of therapeutic approaches targeting S1P receptors in other disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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6
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Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105113. [PMID: 34066025 PMCID: PMC8150951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A prolonged developmental timeline for GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-expressing inhibitory neurons (GABAergic interneurons) is an amplified trait in larger, gyrencephalic animals. In several species, the generation, migration, and maturation of interneurons take place over several months, in some cases persisting after birth. The late integration of GABAergic interneurons occurs in a region-specific pattern, especially during the early postnatal period. These changes can contribute to the formation of functional connectivity and plasticity, especially in the cortical regions responsible for higher cognitive tasks. In this review, we discuss GABAergic interneuron development in the late gestational and postnatal forebrain. We propose the protracted development of interneurons at each stage (neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and network integration), as a mechanism for increased complexity and cognitive flexibility in larger, gyrencephalic brains. This developmental feature of interneurons also provides an avenue for environmental influences to shape neural circuit formation.
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Pan Y, Gao F, Zhao S, Han J, Chen F. Role of the SphK-S1P-S1PRs pathway in invasion of the nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:637-650. [PMID: 33565127 PMCID: PMC8014301 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is still ongoing. Before an effective vaccine is available, the development of potential treatments for resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is crucial. One of the disease hallmarks is hyper‐inflammatory responses, which usually leads to a severe lung disease. Patients with COVID‐19 also frequently suffer from neurological symptoms such as acute diffuse encephalomyelitis, brain injury and psychiatric complications. The metabolic pathway of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a dynamic regulator of various cell types and disease processes, including the nervous system. It has been demonstrated that S1P and its metabolic enzymes, regulating neuroinflammation and neurogenesis, exhibit important functions during viral infection. S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) analogues including AAL‐R and RP‐002 inhibit pathophysiological responses at the early stage of H1N1 virus infection and then play a protective role. Fingolimod (FTY720) is an S1P receptor modulator and is being tested for treating COVID‐19. Our review provides an overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and critical role of the SphK‐S1P‐SIPR pathway in invasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). This may help design therapeutic strategies based on the S1P‐mediated signal transduction, and the adjuvant therapeutic effects of S1P analogues to limit or prevent the interaction between the host and SARS‐CoV‐2, block the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2, and consequently treat related complications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehai Pan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shangdong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shangdong, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shangdong, China
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8
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Timely Inhibitory Circuit Formation Controlled by Abl1 Regulates Innate Olfactory Behaviors in Mouse. Cell Rep 2021; 30:187-201.e4. [PMID: 31914386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More than one-half of the interneurons in a mouse olfactory bulb (OB) develop during the first week after birth and predominantly connect to excitatory tufted cells near the superficial granule cell layer (sGCL), unlike late-born interneurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the temporal specification are yet to be identified. In this study, we determined the role of Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (Abl1) in the temporal development of early-born OB interneurons. Lentiviral knockdown of Abl1 disrupts the sGCL circuit of early-born interneurons through defects in function and circuit integration, resulting in olfactory hyper-sensitivity. We show that doublecortin (Dcx) is phosphorylated by Abl1, which contributes to the stabilization of Dcx, thereby regulating microtubule dynamics. Finally, Dcx overexpression rescues Abl1 knockdown-induced anatomic or functional defects. In summary, specific signaling by Abl1-Dcx in early-born interneurons facilitates the temporal development of the sGCL circuit to regulate innate olfactory functions, such as detection and sensitivity.
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Neurogenesis of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens continues into adulthood and is enhanced by pathological pain. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4616-4632. [PMID: 32612250 PMCID: PMC8589654 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, most adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are located in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) along the wall of the lateral ventricles and they are the source of olfactory bulb interneurons. Adult NSCs exhibit an apico-basal polarity; they harbor a short apical process and a long basal process, reminiscent of radial glia morphology. In the adult mouse brain, we detected extremely long radial glia-like fibers that originate from the anterior-ventral V-SVZ and that are directed to the ventral striatum. Interestingly, a fraction of adult V-SVZ-derived neuroblasts dispersed in close association with the radial glia-like fibers in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Using several in vivo mouse models, we show that newborn neurons integrate into preexisting circuits in the NAc where they mature as medium spiny neurons (MSNs), i.e., a type of projection neurons formerly believed to be generated only during embryonic development. Moreover, we found that the number of newborn neurons in the NAc is dynamically regulated by persistent pain, suggesting that adult neurogenesis of MSNs is an experience-modulated process.
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10
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Diving into the streams and waves of constitutive and regenerative olfactory neurogenesis: insights from zebrafish. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:227-253. [PMID: 33245413 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system is renowned for its functional and structural plasticity, with both peripheral and central structures displaying persistent neurogenesis throughout life and exhibiting remarkable capacity for regenerative neurogenesis after damage. In general, fish are known for their extensive neurogenic ability, and the zebrafish in particular presents an attractive model to study plasticity and adult neurogenesis in the olfactory system because of its conserved structure, relative simplicity, rapid cell turnover, and preponderance of neurogenic niches. In this review, we present an overview of the anatomy of zebrafish olfactory structures, with a focus on the neurogenic niches in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, and ventral telencephalon. Constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis in both the peripheral olfactory organ and central olfactory bulb of zebrafish is reviewed in detail, and a summary of current knowledge about the cellular origin and molecular signals involved in regulating these processes is presented. While some features of physiologic and injury-induced neurogenic responses are similar, there are differences that indicate that regeneration is not simply a reiteration of the constitutive proliferation process. We provide comparisons to mammalian neurogenesis that reveal similarities and differences between species. Finally, we present a number of open questions that remain to be answered.
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11
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Meacci E, Garcia-Gil M, Pierucci F. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Role for S1P/S1P Receptor Signaling in the Nervous System? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6773. [PMID: 32942748 PMCID: PMC7556035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still spreading worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, binds to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and replicates within the cells of the nasal cavity, then spreads along the airway tracts, causing mild clinical manifestations, and, in a majority of patients, a persisting loss of smell. In some individuals, SARS-CoV-2 reaches and infects several organs, including the lung, leading to severe pulmonary disease. SARS-CoV-2 induces neurological symptoms, likely contributing to morbidity and mortality through unknown mechanisms. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with pleiotropic properties and functions in many tissues, including the nervous system. S1P regulates neurogenesis and inflammation and it is implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Notably, Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of S1P receptors, has been approved for the treatment of MS and is being tested for COVID-19. Here, we discuss the putative role of S1P on viral infection and in the modulation of inflammation and survival in the stem cell niche of the olfactory epithelium. This could help to design therapeutic strategies based on S1P-mediated signaling to limit or overcome the host-virus interaction, virus propagation and the pathogenesis and complications involving the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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12
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Nakajima C, Sawada M, Sawamoto K. Postnatal neuronal migration in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:1-9. [PMID: 32717548 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal neuronal migration modulates neuronal circuit formation and function throughout life and is conserved among species. Pathological conditions activate the generation of neuroblasts in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and promote their migration towards a lesion. However, the neuroblasts generally terminate their migration before reaching the lesion site unless their intrinsic capacity is modified or the environment is improved. It is important to understand which factors impede neuronal migration for functional recovery of the brain. We highlight similarities and differences in the mechanisms of neuroblast migration under physiological and pathological conditions to provide novel insights into endogenous neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
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13
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Okaty BW, Sturrock N, Escobedo Lozoya Y, Chang Y, Senft RA, Lyon KA, Alekseyenko OV, Dymecki SM. A single-cell transcriptomic and anatomic atlas of mouse dorsal raphe Pet1 neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e55523. [PMID: 32568072 PMCID: PMC7308082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the brainstem raphe nuclei, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) contains the greatest number of Pet1-lineage neurons, a predominantly serotonergic group distributed throughout DR subdomains. These neurons collectively regulate diverse physiology and behavior and are often therapeutically targeted to treat affective disorders. Characterizing Pet1 neuron molecular heterogeneity and relating it to anatomy is vital for understanding DR functional organization, with potential to inform therapeutic separability. Here we use high-throughput and DR subdomain-targeted single-cell transcriptomics and intersectional genetic tools to map molecular and anatomical diversity of DR-Pet1 neurons. We describe up to fourteen neuron subtypes, many showing biased cell body distributions across the DR. We further show that P2ry1-Pet1 DR neurons - the most molecularly distinct subtype - possess unique efferent projections and electrophysiological properties. These data complement and extend previous DR characterizations, combining intersectional genetics with multiple transcriptomic modalities to achieve fine-scale molecular and anatomic identification of Pet1 neuron subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Okaty
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nikita Sturrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - YoonJeung Chang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rebecca A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Krissy A Lyon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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14
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Bao X, Xu X, Wu Q, Zhang J, Feng W, Yang D, Li F, Lu S, Liu H, Shen X, Zhang F, Xie C, Wu S, Lv Z, Wang W, Li H, Fang Y, Wang Y, Teng H, Huang Z. Sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes the proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells through YAP signaling and participates in the formation of olfactory nerve layer. Glia 2020; 68:1757-1774. [PMID: 32057144 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are unique glial cells with axonal growth-promoting properties in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, covering the entire length of the olfactory nerve. The proliferation of OECs is necessary for the formation of the presumptive olfactory nerve layer (ONL) during development and OECs transplantation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of OEC proliferation in the ONL still remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PRs) on OEC proliferation. Initially, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), western blot and immunostaining revealed that S1PRs were highly expressed in the OECs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that S1P treatment promoted the proliferation of primary cultured OECs mediated by S1PR1. Mechanistically, yes-associated protein (YAP) was required for S1P-induced OEC proliferation through RhoA signaling. Finally, conditional knockout of YAP in OECs reduced OEC proliferation in ONL, which impaired the axonal projection and growth of olfactory sensory neurons, and olfactory functions. Taken together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized function of S1P/RhoA/YAP pathway in the proliferation of OECs, contributing to the formation of ONL and the projection, growth, and function of olfactory sensory neurons during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Bao
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjin Feng
- Zhejiang Sinogen Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fayi Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changnan Xie
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoting Lv
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Teng
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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16
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Lidgerwood GE, Pitson SM, Bonder C, Pébay A. Roles of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate in stem cell biology. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:42-54. [PMID: 30196008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types. Because of these features, stem cells are key to the formation of organisms and play fundamental roles in tissue regeneration and repair. Mechanisms controlling their fate are thus fundamental to the development and homeostasis of tissues and organs. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive phospholipids that play a wide range of roles in multiple cell types, during developmental and pathophysiological events. Considerable evidence now demonstrates the potent roles of LPA and S1P in the biology of pluripotent and adult stem cells, from maintenance to repair. Here we review their roles for each main category of stem cells and explore how those effects impact development and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Lidgerwood
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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17
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Detachment of Chain-Forming Neuroblasts by Fyn-Mediated Control of cell-cell Adhesion in the Postnatal Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4598-4609. [PMID: 29661967 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1960-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the rodent olfactory system, neuroblasts produced in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the postnatal brain migrate tangentially in chain-like cell aggregates toward the olfactory bulb (OB) through the rostral migratory stream (RMS). After reaching the OB, the chains are dissociated and the neuroblasts migrate individually and radially toward their final destination. The cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cell-cell adhesion during this detachment remain unclear. Here we report that Fyn, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, regulates the detachment of neuroblasts from chains in the male and female mouse OB. By performing chemical screening and in vivo loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, we found that Fyn promotes somal disengagement from the chains and is involved in neuronal migration from the RMS into the granule cell layer of the OB. Fyn knockdown or Dab1 (disabled-1) deficiency caused p120-catenin to accumulate and adherens junction-like structures to be sustained at the contact sites between neuroblasts. Moreover, a Fyn and N-cadherin double-knockdown experiment indicated that Fyn regulates the N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion between neuroblasts. These results suggest that the Fyn-mediated control of cell-cell adhesion is critical for the detachment of chain-forming neuroblasts in the postnatal OB.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the postnatal brain, newly born neurons (neuroblasts) migrate in chain-like cell aggregates toward their destination, where they are dissociated into individual cells and mature. The cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the detachment of neuroblasts from chains are not understood. Here we show that Fyn, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, promotes the somal detachment of neuroblasts from chains, and that this regulation is critical for the efficient migration of neuroblasts to their destination. We further show that Fyn and Dab1 (disabled-1) decrease the cell-cell adhesion between chain-forming neuroblasts, which involves adherens junction-like structures. Our results suggest that Fyn-mediated regulation of the cell-cell adhesion of neuroblasts is critical for their detachment from chains in the postnatal brain.
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18
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Hunter M, Demarais NJ, Faull RLM, Grey AC, Curtis MA. Layer-specific lipid signatures in the human subventricular zone demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2551. [PMID: 29416059 PMCID: PMC5803191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone is a key site of adult neurogenesis and is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. In the subventricular zone, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation of nascent stem cells and neuroblasts are regulated at least in part by lipids. The human subventricular zone is distinctly layered and each layer contains discrete cell types that support the processes of neuroblast migration and neurogenesis. We set out to determine the lipid signatures of each subventricular layer in the adult human brain (n = 4). We utilised matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterise the lipidome of the subventricular zone, with histology and microscopy used for identifying anatomical landmarks. Our findings showed that the subventricular zone was rich in sphingomyelins and phosphatidylserines but deficient in phosphatidylethanolamines. The ependymal layer had an abundance of phosphatidylinositols, whereas the myelin layer was rich in sulfatides and triglycerides. The hypocellular layer showed enrichment of sphingomyelins. No discrete lipid signature was seen in the astrocytic ribbon. The biochemical functions of these lipid classes are consistent with the localisation we observed within the SVZ. Our study may, therefore, shed new light on the role of lipids in the regulation of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Hunter
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
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19
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Kajita Y, Kojima N, Koganezawa N, Yamazaki H, Sakimura K, Shirao T. Drebrin E regulates neuroblast proliferation and chain migration in the adult brain. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2214-2228. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kajita
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Brain Research Institute; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
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20
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Belvindrah R, Natarajan K, Shabajee P, Bruel-Jungerman E, Bernard J, Goutierre M, Moutkine I, Jaglin XH, Savariradjane M, Irinopoulou T, Poncer JC, Janke C, Francis F. Mutation of the α-tubulin Tuba1a leads to straighter microtubules and perturbs neuronal migration. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2443-2461. [PMID: 28687665 PMCID: PMC5551700 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of α-tubulin isotypes is associated with cortical malformations. Belvindrah et al. show that Tuba1 mutation leads to impaired neuronal saltatory migration in vivo as a result of functional and structural microtubule defects. Comparative analyses of Tuba1a and Tuba8 in tubulin heterodimer structure and microtubule polymerization reveal an essential, noncompensated role for Tuba1a in the neuronal rostral migratory system. Brain development involves extensive migration of neurons. Microtubules (MTs) are key cellular effectors of neuronal displacement that are assembled from α/β-tubulin heterodimers. Mutation of the α-tubulin isotype TUBA1A is associated with cortical malformations in humans. In this study, we provide detailed in vivo and in vitro analyses of Tuba1a mutants. In mice carrying a Tuba1a missense mutation (S140G), neurons accumulate, and glial cells are dispersed along the rostral migratory stream in postnatal and adult brains. Live imaging of Tuba1a-mutant neurons revealed slowed migration and increased neuronal branching, which correlated with directionality alterations and perturbed nucleus–centrosome (N–C) coupling. Tuba1a mutation led to increased straightness of newly polymerized MTs, and structural modeling data suggest a conformational change in the α/β-tubulin heterodimer. We show that Tuba8, another α-tubulin isotype previously associated with cortical malformations, has altered function compared with Tuba1a. Our work shows that Tuba1a plays an essential, noncompensated role in neuronal saltatory migration in vivo and highlights the importance of MT flexibility in N–C coupling and neuronal-branching regulation during neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Belvindrah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research Université (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Preety Shabajee
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bruel-Jungerman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Bernard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Marie Goutierre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Imane Moutkine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Xavier H Jaglin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Mythili Savariradjane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Theano Irinopoulou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Poncer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research Université (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France .,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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21
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Kaneko N, Sawada M, Sawamoto K. Mechanisms of neuronal migration in the adult brain. J Neurochem 2017; 141:835-847. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration; National Institute for Physiological Sciences; Okazaki Aichi Japan
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22
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Garcia-Gil M, Pierucci F, Vestri A, Meacci E. Crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D3: potential role in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:605-627. [PMID: 28127747 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural and bioactive compounds. In particular, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate regulate cell fate, inflammation and excitability. 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is known to play an important physiological role in growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including neural cells, through genomic actions mediated by its specific receptor, and non-genomic effects that result in the activation of specific signalling pathways. 1,25(OH)2 D3 and sphingolipids, in particular sphingosine 1-phosphate, share many common effectors, including calcium regulation, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, but it is still not known whether they can act synergistically. Alterations in the signalling and concentrations of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 have been found in neurodegenerative diseases and fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review, after a brief description of the role of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , will focus on the potential crosstalk between sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
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23
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Martínez-Gardeazabal J, González de San Román E, Moreno-Rodríguez M, Llorente-Ovejero A, Manuel I, Rodríguez-Puertas R. Lipid mapping of the rat brain for models of disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1548-1557. [PMID: 28235468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids not only constitute the primary component of cellular membranes and contribute to metabolism but also serve as intracellular signaling molecules and bind to specific membrane receptors to control cell proliferation, growth and convey neuroprotection. Over the last several decades, the development of new analytical techniques, such as imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), has contributed to our understanding of their involvement in physiological and pathological conditions. IMS allows researchers to obtain a wide range of information about the spatial distribution and abundance of the different lipid molecules that is crucial to understand brain functions. The primary aim of this study was to map the spatial distribution of different lipid species in the rat central nervous system (CNS) using IMS to find a possible relationship between anatomical localization and physiology. The data obtained were subsequently applied to a model of neurological disease, the 192IgG-saporin lesion model of memory impairment. The results were obtained using a LTQ-Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer in positive and negative ionization modes and analyzed by ImageQuest and MSIReader software. A total of 176 different molecules were recorded based on the specific localization of their intensities. However, only 34 lipid species in negative mode and 51 in positive were assigned to known molecules with an error of 5ppm. These molecules were grouped by different lipid families, resulting in: Phosphatidylcholines (PC): PC (34: 1)+K+ and PC (32: 0)+K+ distributed primarily in gray matter, and PC (36: 1)+K+ and PC (38: 1)+Na+ distributed in white matter. Phosphatidic acid (PA): PA (38: 3)+K+ in white matter, and PA (38: 5)+K+ in gray matter and brain ventricles. Phosphoinositol (PI): PI (18: 0/20: 4)-H+ in gray matter, and PI (O-30: 1) or PI (P-30: 0)-H+ in white matter. Phosphatidylserines (PS): PS (34: 1)-H+ in gray matter, and PS (38: 1)-H+ in white matter. Sphingomyelin (SM) SM (d18: 1/16: 0)-H+ in ventricles and SM (d18: 1/18: 0)-H+ in gray matter. Sulfatides (ST): ST (d18: 1/24: 1)-H+ in white matter. The specific distribution of different lipids supports their involvement not only in structural and metabolic functions but also as intracellular effectors or specific receptor ligands and/or precursors. Moreover, the specific localization in the CNS described here will enable us to analyze lipid distribution to identify their physiological conditions in rat models of neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez-Gardeazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - E González de San Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - M Moreno-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - A Llorente-Ovejero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - I Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Kawashima F, Saito K, Kurata H, Maegaki Y, Mori T. c-jun is differentially expressed in embryonic and adult neural precursor cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:721-731. [PMID: 28091742 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
c-jun, a major component of AP-1 transcription factor, has a wide variety of functions. In the embryonic brain, c-jun mRNA is abundantly expressed in germinal layers around the ventricles. Although the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain is a derivative of embryonic germinal layers and contains neural precursor cells (NPCs), the c-jun expression pattern is not clear. To study the function of c-jun in adult neurogenesis, we analyzed c-jun expression in the adult SVZ by immunohistochemistry and compared it with that of the embryonic brain. We found that almost all proliferating embryonic NPCs expressed c-jun, but the number of c-jun immunopositive cells among proliferating adult NPCs was about half. In addition, c-jun was hardly expressed in post-mitotic migrating neurons in the embryonic brain, but the majority of c-jun immunopositive cells were tangentially migrating neuroblasts heading toward the olfactory bulb in the adult brain. In addition, status epilepticus is known to enhance the transient proliferation of adult NPCs, but the c-jun expression pattern was not significantly affected. These expression patterns suggest that c-jun has a pivotal role in the proliferation of embryonic NPCs, but it has also other roles in adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Kawashima
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kengo Saito
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kurata
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Mori
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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Sun Y, Hong F, Zhang L, Feng L. The sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue, FTY-720, promotes the proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory abilities in adult mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2793-807. [PMID: 27429358 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fingolimod (FTY-720) is the first oral therapeutic drug approved for the relapsing-remitting forms of multiple sclerosis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of continuous self-renewal and differentiation. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult mammalian brain contains a population of NSCs and is one of the regions where neurogenesis takes place. FTY-720 has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several model systems, so we investigated the direct effects of FTY-720 on NSCs and adult neurogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES We assessed the effects of FTY-720 on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured embryonic hippocampal NSCs using the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, the neurosphere formation assay and western blot analysis. Receptor selective agonists and antagonists were used to identify the mechanisms involved. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. The Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests were used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. KEY RESULTS FTY-720 promoted the proliferation of embryonic hippocampal NSCs probably via the activation of ERK signalling, Gi/o proteins and S1P1 receptors. However, FTY-720 did not affect the differentiation of cultured hippocampal NSCs. In vivo, chronic treatment with FTY-720 promoted hippocampal neurogenesis in adult C57BL/6 mice and enhanced their learning and memory abilities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest a new target for the activation of NSCs and provide an insight into the therapeutic effects of FTY-720 in neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline where hippocampal neurogenesis is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Dumitru I, Monyer H, Alfonso J. Mouse Subependymal Zone Explants Cultured on Primary Astrocytes. Bio Protoc 2016. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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