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Horikawa M, Fukuyama M, Antebi A, Mizunuma M. Regulatory mechanism of cold-inducible diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5793. [PMID: 38987256 PMCID: PMC11237089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a critical environmental cue that controls the development and lifespan of many animal species; however, mechanisms underlying low-temperature adaptation are poorly understood. Here, we describe cold-inducible diapause (CID), another type of diapause induced by low temperatures in Caenorhabditis elegans. A premature stop codon in heat shock factor 1 (hsf-1) triggers entry into CID at 9 °C, whereas wild-type animals enter CID at 4 °C. Furthermore, both wild-type and hsf-1(sy441) mutant animals undergoing CID can survive for weeks, and resume growth at 20 °C. Using epistasis analysis, we demonstrate that neural signalling pathways, namely tyraminergic and neuromedin U signalling, regulate entry into CID of the hsf-1 mutant. Overexpression of anti-ageing genes, such as hsf-1, XBP1/xbp-1, FOXO/daf-16, Nrf2/skn-1, and TFEB/hlh-30, also inhibits CID entry of the hsf-1 mutant. Based on these findings, we hypothesise that regulators of the hsf-1 mutant CID may impact longevity, and successfully isolate 16 long-lived mutants among 49 non-CID mutants via genetic screening. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the nonsense mutation of MED23/sur-2 prevents CID entry of the hsf-1(sy441) mutant and extends lifespan. Thus, CID is a powerful model to investigate neural networks involving cold acclimation and to explore new ageing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Horikawa
- Unit of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Masaki Mizunuma
- Unit of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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2
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Dishart JG, Pender CL, Shen K, Zhang H, Ly M, Webb MB, Dillin A. Olfaction regulates peripheral mitophagy and mitochondrial function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0014. [PMID: 38905346 PMCID: PMC11192085 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system coordinates peripheral cellular stress responses, including the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT); however, the contexts for which this regulatory capability evolved are unknown. UPRMT is up-regulated upon pathogenic infection and in metabolic flux, and the olfactory nervous system has been shown to regulate pathogen resistance and peripheral metabolic activity. Therefore, we asked whether the olfactory nervous system in Caenorhabditis elegans controls the UPRMT cell nonautonomously. We found that silencing a single inhibitory olfactory neuron pair, AWC, led to robust induction of UPRMT and reduction of oxidative phosphorylation dependent on serotonin signaling and parkin-mediated mitophagy. Further, AWC ablation confers resistance to the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa partially dependent on the UPRMT transcription factor atfs-1 and fully dependent on mitophagy machinery. These data illustrate a role for the olfactory nervous system in regulating whole-organism mitochondrial dynamics, perhaps in preparation for postprandial metabolic stress or pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian G. Dishart
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Corinne L. Pender
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Koning Shen
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Megan Ly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Madison B. Webb
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Li D, Chen D, Li W, Ou G. Inhibition of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel on neuronal cilia activates unfolded protein response in intestinal cells to promote longevity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321228121. [PMID: 38857399 PMCID: PMC11194586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321228121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciliary defects are linked to ciliopathies, but impairments in the sensory cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans neurons extend lifespan, a phenomenon with previously unclear mechanisms. Our study reveals that neuronal cilia defects trigger the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) within intestinal cells, a process dependent on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling transcription factor and the release of neuronal signaling molecules. While inhibiting UPRER doesn't alter the lifespan of wild-type worms, it normalizes the extended lifespan of ciliary mutants. Notably, deactivating the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel TAX-4 on the ciliary membrane promotes lifespan extension through a UPRER-dependent mechanism. Conversely, constitutive activation of TAX-4 attenuates intestinal UPRER in ciliary mutants. Administering a CNG channel blocker to worm larvae activates intestinal UPRER and increases adult longevity. These findings suggest that ciliary dysfunction in sensory neurons triggers intestinal UPRER, contributing to lifespan extension and implying that transiently inhibiting ciliary channel activity may effectively prolong lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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4
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Wang J, Saul J, Nikonorova IA, Cruz CN, Power KM, Nguyen KC, Hall DH, Barr MM. Ciliary intrinsic mechanisms regulate dynamic ciliary extracellular vesicle release from sensory neurons. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2756-2763.e2. [PMID: 38838665 PMCID: PMC11187650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron membranous structures and key mediators of intercellular communication.1,2 Recent research has highlighted roles for cilia-derived EVs in signal transduction, underscoring their importance as bioactive extracellular organelles containing conserved ciliary signaling proteins.3,4 Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel polycystin-2 (PKD-2) family are found in ciliary EVs of the green algae Chlamydomonas and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans5,6 and in EVs in the mouse embryonic node and isolated from human urine.7,8 In C. elegans, PKD-2 is expressed in male-specific EV-releasing sensory neurons, which extend ciliary tips to ciliary pore and directly release EVs into the environment.6,9 Males release EVs in a mechanically stimulated manner, regulate EV cargo content in response to mating partners, and deposit PKD-2::GFP-labeled EVs on the vulval cuticle of hermaphrodites during mating.9,10 Combined, our findings suggest that ciliary EV release is a dynamic process. Herein, we identify mechanisms controlling dynamic EV shedding using time-lapse imaging. Cilia can sustain the release of PKD-2-labeled EVs for 2 h. This extended release doesn't require neuronal transmission. Instead, ciliary intrinsic mechanisms regulate PKD-2 ciliary membrane replenishment and dynamic EV release. The kinesin-3 motor kinesin-like protein 6 (KLP-6) is necessary for initial and extended EV release, while the transition zone protein NPHP-4 is required only for sustained EV release. The dynamic replenishment of PKD-2 at the ciliary tip is key to sustained EV release. Our study provides a comprehensive portrait of real-time ciliary EV release and mechanisms supporting cilia as proficient EV release platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Josh Saul
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Inna A Nikonorova
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Carlos Nava Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kaiden M Power
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ken C Nguyen
- Center for C. elegans Anatomy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David H Hall
- Center for C. elegans Anatomy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maureen M Barr
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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5
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Nakayama A, Watanabe M, Yamashiro R, Kuroyanagi H, Matsuyama HJ, Oshima A, Mori I, Nakano S. A hyperpolarizing neuron recruits undocked innexin hemichannels to transmit neural information in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406565121. [PMID: 38753507 PMCID: PMC11127054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406565121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While depolarization of the neuronal membrane is known to evoke the neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles, hyperpolarization is regarded as a resting state of chemical neurotransmission. Here, we report that hyperpolarizing neurons can actively signal neural information by employing undocked hemichannels. We show that UNC-7, a member of the innexin family in Caenorhabditis elegans, functions as a hemichannel in thermosensory neurons and transmits temperature information from the thermosensory neurons to their postsynaptic interneurons. By monitoring neural activities in freely behaving animals, we find that hyperpolarizing thermosensory neurons inhibit the activity of the interneurons and that UNC-7 hemichannels regulate this process. UNC-7 is required to control thermotaxis behavior and functions independently of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Our findings suggest that innexin hemichannels mediate neurotransmission from hyperpolarizing neurons in a manner that is distinct from the synaptic transmission, expanding the way of neural circuitry operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Yamashiro
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kuroyanagi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Hironori J. Matsuyama
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Department of Basic Biology, Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8601, Japan
- Molecular Physiology Division, Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Innovative Modality Development, Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu501-11193, Japan
| | - Ikue Mori
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping District, Beijing102206, China
| | - Shunji Nakano
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
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6
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Wolfe Z, Liska D, Norris A. Deep Transcriptomics Reveals Cell-Specific Isoforms of Pan-Neuronal Genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594572. [PMID: 38826410 PMCID: PMC11142100 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Profiling gene expression in single neurons using single-cell RNA-Seq is a powerful method for understanding the molecular diversity of the nervous system. Profiling alternative splicing in single neurons using these methods is more challenging, however, due to low capture efficiency and sensitivity. As a result, we know much less about splicing patterns and regulation across neurons than we do about gene expression. Here we leverage unique attributes of the C. elegans nervous system to investigate deep cell-specific transcriptomes complete with biological replicates generated by the CeNGEN consortium, enabling high-confidence assessment of splicing across neuron types even for lowly-expressed genes. Global splicing maps reveal several striking observations, including pan-neuronal genes that harbor cell-specific splice variants, abundant differential intron retention across neuron types, and a single neuron highly enriched for upstream alternative 3' splice sites. We develop an algorithm to identify unique cell-specific expression patterns and use it to discover both cell-specific isoforms and potential regulatory RNA binding proteins that establish these isoforms. Genetic interrogation of these RNA binding proteins in vivo identifies three distinct regulatory factors employed to establish unique splicing patterns in a single neuron. Finally, we develop a user-friendly platform for spatial transcriptomic visualization of these splicing patterns with single-neuron resolution.
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7
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Marquina-Solis J, Feng L, Vandewyer E, Beets I, Hawk J, Colón-Ramos DA, Yu J, Fox BW, Schroeder FC, Bargmann CI. Antagonism between neuropeptides and monoamines in a distributed circuit for pathogen avoidance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114042. [PMID: 38573858 PMCID: PMC11063628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic infection elicits behaviors that promote recovery and survival of the host. After exposure to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans modifies its sensory preferences to avoid the pathogen. Here, we identify antagonistic neuromodulators that shape this acquired avoidance behavior. Using an unbiased cell-directed neuropeptide screen, we show that AVK neurons upregulate and release RF/RYamide FLP-1 neuropeptides during infection to drive pathogen avoidance. Manipulations that increase or decrease AVK activity accelerate or delay pathogen avoidance, respectively, implicating AVK in the dynamics of avoidance behavior. FLP-1 neuropeptides drive pathogen avoidance through the G protein-coupled receptor DMSR-7, as well as other receptors. DMSR-7 in turn acts in multiple neurons, including tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons that receive convergent avoidance signals from the cytokine DAF-7/transforming growth factor β. Neuromodulators shape pathogen avoidance through multiple mechanisms and targets, in agreement with the distributed neuromodulatory connectome of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marquina-Solis
- Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Likui Feng
- Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josh Hawk
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Instituto de Neurobiología José del Castillo, Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00901, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jingfang Yu
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bennett W Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cornelia I Bargmann
- Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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8
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Rathor L, Curry S, Park Y, McElroy T, Robles B, Sheng Y, Chen WW, Min K, Xiao R, Lee MH, Han SM. Mitochondrial stress in GABAergic neurons non-cell autonomously regulates organismal health and aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585932. [PMID: 38585797 PMCID: PMC10996468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial stress within the nervous system can trigger non-cell autonomous responses in peripheral tissues. However, the specific neurons involved and their impact on organismal aging and health have remained incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial stress in γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic) neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is sufficient to significantly alter organismal lifespan, stress tolerance, and reproductive capabilities. This mitochondrial stress also leads to significant changes in mitochondrial mass, energy production, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DAF-16/FoxO activity is enhanced by GABAergic neuronal mitochondrial stress and mediates the induction of these non-cell-autonomous effects. Moreover, our findings indicate that GABA signaling operates within the same pathway as mitochondrial stress in GABAergic neurons, resulting in non-cell-autonomous alterations in organismal stress tolerance and longevity. In summary, these data suggest the crucial role of GABAergic neurons in detecting mitochondrial stress and orchestrating non-cell-autonomous changes throughout the organism.
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9
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Zhang MG, Seyedolmohadesin M, Hawk S, Park H, Finnen N, Schroeder F, Venkatachalam V, Sternberg PW. Sensory integration of food availability and population density during the diapause exit decision involves insulin-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.586022. [PMID: 38586049 PMCID: PMC10996498 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.586022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Decisions made over long time scales, such as life cycle decisions, require coordinated interplay between sensory perception and sustained gene expression. The Caenorhabditis elegans dauer (or diapause) exit developmental decision requires sensory integration of population density and food availability to induce an all-or-nothing organismal-wide response, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate how the ASJ chemosensory neurons, known to be critical for dauer exit, perform sensory integration at both the levels of gene expression and calcium activity. In response to favorable conditions, dauers rapidly produce and secrete the dauer exit-promoting insulin-like peptide INS-6. Expression of ins-6 in the ASJ neurons integrate population density and food level and can reflect decision commitment since dauers committed to exiting have higher ins-6 expression levels than those of non-committed dauers. Calcium imaging in dauers reveals that the ASJ neurons are activated by food, and this activity is suppressed by pheromone, indicating that sensory integration also occurs at the level of calcium transients. We find that ins-6 expression in the ASJ neurons depends on neuronal activity in the ASJs, cGMP signaling, a CaM-kinase pathway, and the pheromone components ascr#8 and ascr#2. We propose a model in which decision commitment to exit the dauer state involves an autoregulatory feedback loop in the ASJ neurons that promotes high INS-6 production and secretion. These results collectively demonstrate how insulin-like peptide signaling helps animals compute long-term decisions by bridging sensory perception to decision execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Soraya Hawk
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Heenam Park
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nerissa Finnen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Frank Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul W Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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10
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Mukherjee M, Mukherjee C, Ghosh V, Jain A, Sadhukhan S, Dagar S, Sahu BS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress impedes regulated secretion by governing key exocytotic and granulogenic molecular switches. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261257. [PMID: 38348894 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dense core vesicles (DCVs) and synaptic vesicles are specialised secretory vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, and abnormal release of their cargo is associated with various pathophysiologies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inter-organellar communication are also associated with disease biology. To investigate the functional status of regulated exocytosis arising from the crosstalk of a stressed ER and DCVs, ER stress was modelled in PC12 neuroendocrine cells using thapsigargin. DCV exocytosis was severely compromised in ER-stressed PC12 cells and was reversed to varying magnitudes by ER stress attenuators. Experiments with tunicamycin, an independent ER stressor, yielded similar results. Concurrently, ER stress also caused impaired DCV exocytosis in insulin-secreting INS-1 cells. Molecular analysis revealed blunted SNAP25 expression, potentially attributed to augmented levels of ATF4, an inhibitor of CREB that binds to the CREB-binding site. The effects of loss of function of ATF4 in ER-stressed cells substantiated this attribution. Our studies revealed severe defects in DCV exocytosis in ER-stressed cells for the first time, mediated by reduced levels of key exocytotic and granulogenic switches regulated via the eIF2α (EIF2A)-ATF4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohima Mukherjee
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Vinayak Ghosh
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Aamna Jain
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Souren Sadhukhan
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Sushma Dagar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
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11
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Li R, Xu Y, Wen X, Chen YH, Wang PZ, Zhao JL, Wu PP, Wu JJ, Liu H, Huang JH, Li SJ, Wu ZX. GCY-20 signaling controls suppression of Caenorhabditis elegans egg laying by moderate cold. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113708. [PMID: 38294902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms sensing environmental cues and internal states and integrating the sensory information to control fecundity are essential for survival and proliferation. The present study finds that a moderate cold temperature of 11°C reduces egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans. ASEL and AWC neurons sense the cold via GCY-20 signaling and act antagonistically on egg laying through the ASEL and AWC/AIA/HSN circuits. Upon cold stimulation, ASEL and AWC release glutamate to activate and inhibit AIA interneurons by acting on highly and lowly sensitive ionotropic GLR-2 and GLC-3 receptors, respectively. AIA inhibits HSN motor neuron activity via acetylcholinergic ACR-14 receptor signaling and suppresses egg laying. Thus, ASEL and AWC initiate and reduce the cold suppression of egg laying. ASEL's action on AIA and egg laying dominates AWC's action. The biased opposite actions of these neurons on egg laying provide animals with a precise adaptation of reproductive behavior to environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping-Zhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Piao-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Prakash SJ, Van Auken KM, Hill DP, Sternberg PW. Semantic representation of neural circuit knowledge in Caenorhabditis elegans. Brain Inform 2023; 10:30. [PMID: 37947958 PMCID: PMC10638142 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern biology, new knowledge is generated quickly, making it challenging for researchers to efficiently acquire and synthesise new information from the large volume of primary publications. To address this problem, computational approaches that generate machine-readable representations of scientific findings in the form of knowledge graphs have been developed. These representations can integrate different types of experimental data from multiple papers and biological knowledge bases in a unifying data model, providing a complementary method to manual review for interacting with published knowledge. The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) has created a semantic modelling framework that extends individual functional gene annotations to structured descriptions of causal networks representing biological processes (Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Modelling, or GO-CAM). In this study, we explored whether the GO-CAM framework could represent knowledge of the causal relationships between environmental inputs, neural circuits and behavior in the model nematode C. elegans [C. elegans Neural-Circuit Causal Activity Modelling (CeN-CAM)]. We found that, given extensions to several relevant ontologies, a wide variety of author statements from the literature about the neural circuit basis of egg-laying and carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance behaviors could be faithfully represented with CeN-CAM. Through this process, we were able to generate generic data models for several categories of experimental results. We also discuss how semantic modelling may be used to functionally annotate the C. elegans connectome. Thus, Gene Ontology-based semantic modelling has the potential to support various machine-readable representations of neurobiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan J Prakash
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Kimberly M Van Auken
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - David P Hill
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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13
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Wang J, Saul J, Nikonorova IA, Cruz CN, Power KM, Nguyen KC, Hall DH, Barr MM. Ciliary intrinsic mechanisms regulate dynamic ciliary extracellular vesicle release from sensory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565151. [PMID: 37961114 PMCID: PMC10635059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cilia-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain signaling proteins and act in intercellular communication. Polycystin-2 (PKD-2), a transient receptor potential channel, is a conserved ciliary EVs cargo. Caenorhabditis elegans serves as a model for studying ciliary EV biogenesis and function. C. elegans males release EVs in a mechanically-induced manner and deposit PKD-2-labeled EVs onto the hermaphrodite vulva during mating, suggesting an active release process. Here, we study the dynamics of ciliary EV release using time-lapse imaging and find that cilia can sustain the release of PKD-2-labeled EVs for a two-hour duration. Intriguingly, this extended release doesn't require neuronal synaptic transmission. Instead, ciliary intrinsic mechanisms regulate PKD-2 ciliary membrane replenishment and dynamic EV release. The ciliary kinesin-3 motor KLP-6 is necessary for both initial and extended ciliary EV release, while the transition zone protein NPHP-4 is required only for sustained EV release. The dihydroceramide desaturase DEGS1/2 ortholog TTM-5 is highly expressed in the EV-releasing sensory neurons, localizes to cilia, and is required for sustained but not initial ciliary EV release, implicating ceramide in ciliary ectocytosis. The study offers a comprehensive portrait of real-time ciliary EV release, and mechanisms supporting cilia as proficient EV release platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Josh Saul
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Inna A. Nikonorova
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Carlos Nava Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kaiden M. Power
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ken C. Nguyen
- Center for C. elegans Anatomy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David H. Hall
- Center for C. elegans Anatomy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maureen M. Barr
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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14
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Randi F, Sharma AK, Dvali S, Leifer AM. Neural signal propagation atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 2023; 623:406-414. [PMID: 37914938 PMCID: PMC10632145 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Establishing how neural function emerges from network properties is a fundamental problem in neuroscience1. Here, to better understand the relationship between the structure and the function of a nervous system, we systematically measure signal propagation in 23,433 pairs of neurons across the head of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by direct optogenetic activation and simultaneous whole-brain calcium imaging. We measure the sign (excitatory or inhibitory), strength, temporal properties and causal direction of signal propagation between these neurons to create a functional atlas. We find that signal propagation differs from model predictions that are based on anatomy. Using mutants, we show that extrasynaptic signalling not visible from anatomy contributes to this difference. We identify many instances of dense-core-vesicle-dependent signalling, including on timescales of less than a second, that evoke acute calcium transients-often where no direct wired connection exists but where relevant neuropeptides and receptors are expressed. We propose that, in such cases, extrasynaptically released neuropeptides serve a similar function to that of classical neurotransmitters. Finally, our measured signal propagation atlas better predicts the neural dynamics of spontaneous activity than do models based on anatomy. We conclude that both synaptic and extrasynaptic signalling drive neural dynamics on short timescales, and that measurements of evoked signal propagation are crucial for interpreting neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Randi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anuj K Sharma
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sophie Dvali
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M Leifer
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Princeton Neurosciences Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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15
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Liu CC, Khan A, Seban N, Littlejohn N, Srinivasan S. A homeostatic gut-to-brain insulin antagonist restrains neuronally stimulated fat loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563330. [PMID: 37961386 PMCID: PMC10634694 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In C. elegans mechanisms by which peripheral organs relay internal state information to the nervous system remain unknown, although strong evidence suggests that such signals do exist. Here we report the discovery of a peptide of the ancestral insulin superfamily called INS-7 that functions as an enteroendocrine peptide and is secreted from specialized cells of the intestine. INS-7 secretion increases during fasting, and acts as a bona fide gut-to-brain homeostatic signal that attenuates neuronally induced fat loss during food shortage. INS-7 functions as an antagonist at the canonical DAF-2 receptor in the nervous system, and phylogenetic analysis suggests that INS-7 bears greater resemblance to members of the broad insulin/relaxin superfamily than to conventional mammalian insulin and IGF peptides. The discovery of an endogenous insulin antagonist secreted by specialized intestinal cell with enteroendocrine functions suggests that much remains to be learned about the intestine and its role in directing neuronal functions.
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16
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Shioda T, Takahashi I, Ikenaka K, Fujita N, Kanki T, Oka T, Mochizuki H, Antebi A, Yoshimori T, Nakamura S. Neuronal MML-1/MXL-2 regulates systemic aging via glutamate transporter and cell nonautonomous autophagic and peroxidase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221553120. [PMID: 37722055 PMCID: PMC10523562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221553120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the presence of intertissue-communication regulating systemic aging, but the underlying molecular network has not been fully explored. We and others previously showed that two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, MML-1 and HLH-30, are required for lifespan extension in several longevity paradigms, including germlineless Caenorhabditis elegans. However, it is unknown what tissues these factors target to promote longevity. Here, using tissue-specific knockdown experiments, we found that MML-1 and its heterodimer partners MXL-2 and HLH-30 act primarily in neurons to extend longevity in germlineless animals. Interestingly, however, the downstream cascades of MML-1 in neurons were distinct from those of HLH-30. Neuronal RNA interference (RNAi)-based transcriptome analysis revealed that the glutamate transporter GLT-5 is a downstream target of MML-1 but not HLH-30. Furthermore, the MML-1-GTL-5 axis in neurons is critical to prevent an age-dependent collapse of proteostasis and increased oxidative stress through autophagy and peroxidase MLT-7, respectively, in long-lived animals. Collectively, our study revealed that systemic aging is regulated by a molecular network involving neuronal MML-1 function in both neural and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shioda
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Ittetsu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Naonobu Fujita
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Oka
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo171-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Adam Antebi
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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17
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Park J, Xie Y, Miller KG, De Camilli P, Yogev S. End-binding protein 1 promotes specific motor-cargo association in the cell body prior to axonal delivery of dense core vesicles. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3851-3864.e7. [PMID: 37586371 PMCID: PMC10529979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Axonal transport is key to neuronal function. Efficient transport requires specific motor-cargo association in the soma, yet the mechanisms regulating this early step remain poorly understood. We found that EBP-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the canonical-microtubule-end-binding protein EB1, promotes the specific association between kinesin-3/KIF1A/UNC-104 and dense core vesicles (DCVs) prior to their axonal delivery. Using single-neuron, in vivo labeling of endogenous cargo and EBs, we observed reduced axonal abundance and reduced secretion of DCV cargo, but not other KIF1A/UNC-104 cargoes, in ebp-1 mutants. This reduction could be traced back to fewer exit events from the cell body, where EBP-1 colocalized with the DCV sorting machinery at the trans Golgi, suggesting that this is the site of EBP-1 function. EBP-1 calponin homology (CH) domain was required for directing microtubule growth on the Golgi, and mammalian EB1 interacted with KIF1A in an EBH-domain-dependent manner. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments suggest a model in which both kinesin-3 binding and guidance of microtubule growth at the trans Golgi by EBP-1 promote motor-cargo association at sites of DCV biogenesis. In support of this model, tethering either EBP-1 or a kinesin-3/KIF1A/UNC-104-interacting domain from an unrelated protein to the Golgi restored the axonal abundance of DCV proteins in ebp-1 mutants. These results uncover an unexpected role for a microtubule-associated protein and provide insights into how specific kinesin-3 cargo is delivered to the axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyun Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kenneth G Miller
- Genetic Models of Disease Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N. E. 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shaul Yogev
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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18
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Panagiotidou E, Gioran A, Bano D, Chondrogianni N. Neuron-specific proteasome activation exerts cell non-autonomous protection against amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102817. [PMID: 37473700 PMCID: PMC10404562 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis reinforcement is a promising approach in the design of therapeutic interventions against proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding how and which parts of the proteostasis network should be enhanced is crucial in developing efficient therapeutic strategies. The ability of specific tissues to induce proteostatic responses in distal ones (cell non-autonomous regulation of proteostasis) is attracting interest. Although the proteasome is a major protein degradation node, nothing is known on its cell non-autonomous regulation. We show that proteasome activation in the nervous system can enhance the proteasome activity in the muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanistically, this communication depends on Small Clear Vesicles, with glutamate as one of the neurotransmitters required for the distal regulation. More importantly, we demonstrate that this cell non-autonomous proteasome activation is translated into efficient prevention of amyloid-beta (Αβ)-mediated proteotoxic effects in the muscle of C. elegans but notably not to resistance against oxidative stress. Our in vivo data establish a mechanistic link between neuronal proteasome reinforcement and decreased Aβ proteotoxicity in the muscle. The identified distal communication may have serious implications in the design of therapeutic strategies based on tissue-specific proteasome manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Panagiotidou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41334, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Anna Gioran
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece.
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece.
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19
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Li Z, Zhou J, Wani KA, Yu T, Ronan EA, Piggott BJ, Liu J, Xu XZS. A C. elegans neuron both promotes and suppresses motor behavior to fine tune motor output. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1228980. [PMID: 37680582 PMCID: PMC10482346 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1228980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
How neural circuits drive behavior is a central question in neuroscience. Proper execution of motor behavior requires precise coordination of many neurons. Within a motor circuit, individual neurons tend to play discrete roles by promoting or suppressing motor output. How exactly neurons function in specific roles to fine tune motor output is not well understood. In C. elegans, the interneuron RIM plays important yet complex roles in locomotion behavior. Here, we show that RIM both promotes and suppresses distinct features of locomotion behavior to fine tune motor output. This dual function is achieved via the excitation and inhibition of the same motor circuit by electrical and chemical neurotransmission, respectively. Additionally, this bi-directional regulation contributes to motor adaptation in animals placed in novel environments. Our findings reveal that individual neurons within a neural circuit may act in opposing ways to regulate circuit dynamics to fine tune behavioral output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jiejun Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Khursheed A Wani
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Teng Yu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Elizabeth A Ronan
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Beverly J Piggott
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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20
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Kim BS, Alcantara AV, Moon JH, Higashitani A, Higashitani N, Etheridge T, Szewczyk NJ, Deane CS, Gaffney CJ, Higashibata A, Hashizume T, Yoon KH, Lee JI. Comparative Analysis of Muscle Atrophy During Spaceflight, Nutritional Deficiency and Disuse in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12640. [PMID: 37628820 PMCID: PMC10454569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While spaceflight is becoming more common than before, the hazards spaceflight and space microgravity pose to the human body remain relatively unexplored. Astronauts experience muscle atrophy after spaceflight, but the exact reasons for this and solutions are unknown. Here, we take advantage of the nematode C. elegans to understand the effects of space microgravity on worm body wall muscle. We found that space microgravity induces muscle atrophy in C. elegans from two independent spaceflight missions. As a comparison to spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy, we assessed the effects of acute nutritional deprivation and muscle disuse on C. elegans muscle cells. We found that these two factors also induce muscle atrophy in the nematode. Finally, we identified clp-4, which encodes a calpain protease that promotes muscle atrophy. Mutants of clp-4 suppress starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Such comparative analyses of different factors causing muscle atrophy in C. elegans could provide a way to identify novel genetic factors regulating space microgravity-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-seok Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (B.-s.K.); (A.V.A.J.); (J.-H.M.)
| | - Alfredo V. Alcantara
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (B.-s.K.); (A.V.A.J.); (J.-H.M.)
| | - Je-Hyun Moon
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (B.-s.K.); (A.V.A.J.); (J.-H.M.)
| | - Atsushi Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (N.H.)
| | - Nahoko Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (N.H.)
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (T.E.); (C.S.D.)
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (T.E.); (C.S.D.)
- Human Development & Health Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christopher J. Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, UK;
| | - Akira Higashibata
- Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Toko Hashizume
- Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., Tsukuba 305-0032, Japan
| | - Kyoung-hye Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin I. Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (B.-s.K.); (A.V.A.J.); (J.-H.M.)
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21
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Zhao Q, Rangan R, Weng S, Özdemir C, Sarinay Cenik E. Inhibition of ribosome biogenesis in the epidermis is sufficient to trigger organism-wide growth quiescence independently of nutritional status in C. elegans. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002276. [PMID: 37651423 PMCID: PMC10499265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interorgan communication is crucial for multicellular organismal growth, development, and homeostasis. Cell nonautonomous inhibitory cues, which limit tissue-specific growth alterations, are not well characterized due to cell ablation approach limitations. In this study, we employed the auxin-inducible degradation system in C. elegans to temporally and spatially modulate ribosome biogenesis, through depletion of essential factors (RPOA-2, GRWD-1, or TSR-2). Our findings reveal that embryo-wide inhibition of ribosome biogenesis induces a reversible early larval growth quiescence, distinguished by a unique gene expression signature that is different from starvation or dauer stages. When ribosome biogenesis is inhibited in volumetrically similar tissues, including body wall muscle, epidermis, pharynx, intestine, or germ line, it results in proportionally stunted growth across the organism to different degrees. We show that specifically inhibiting ribosome biogenesis in the epidermis is sufficient to trigger an organism-wide growth quiescence. Epidermis-specific ribosome depletion leads to larval growth quiescence at the L3 stage, reduces organism-wide protein synthesis, and induced cell nonautonomous gene expression alterations. Further molecular analysis reveals overexpression of secreted proteins, suggesting an organism-wide regulatory mechanism. We find that UNC-31, a dense-core vesicle (DCV) pathway component, plays a significant role in epidermal ribosome biogenesis-mediated growth quiescence. Our tissue-specific knockdown experiments reveal that the organism-wide growth quiescence induced by epidermal-specific ribosome biogenesis inhibition is suppressed by reducing unc-31 expression in the epidermis, but not in neurons or body wall muscles. Similarly, IDA-1, a membrane-associated protein of the DCV, is overexpressed, and its knockdown in epidermis suppresses the organism-wide growth quiescence in response to epidermal ribosome biogenesis inhibition. Finally, we observe an overall increase in DCV puncta labeled by IDA-1 when epidermal ribosome biogenesis is inhibited, and these puncta are present in or near epidermal cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest a novel mechanism of nutrition-independent multicellular growth coordination initiated from the epidermis tissue upon ribosome biogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rekha Rangan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shinuo Weng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cem Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elif Sarinay Cenik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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22
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Deshe N, Eliezer Y, Hoch L, Itskovits E, Bokman E, Ben-Ezra S, Zaslaver A. Inheritance of associative memories and acquired cellular changes in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4232. [PMID: 37454110 PMCID: PMC10349803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiences have been shown to modulate behavior and physiology of future generations in some contexts, but there is limited evidence for inheritance of associative memory in different species. Here, we trained C. elegans nematodes to associate an attractive odorant with stressful starvation conditions and revealed that this associative memory was transmitted to the F1 progeny who showed odor-evoked avoidance behavior. Moreover, the F1 and the F2 descendants of trained animals exhibited odor-evoked cellular stress responses, manifested by the translocation of DAF-16/FOXO to cells' nuclei. Sperm, but not oocytes, transmitted these odor-evoked cellular stress responses which involved H3K9 and H3K36 methylations, the small RNA pathway machinery, and intact neuropeptide secretion. Activation of a single chemosensory neuron sufficed to induce a serotonin-mediated systemic stress response in both the parental trained generation and in its progeny. Moreover, inheritance of the cellular stress responses increased survival chances of the progeny as exposure to the training odorant allowed the animals to prepare in advance for an impending adversity. These findings suggest that in C. elegans associative memories and cellular changes may be transferred across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Deshe
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Yifat Eliezer
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Lihi Hoch
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Eyal Itskovits
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Eduard Bokman
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Shachaf Ben-Ezra
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Alon Zaslaver
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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23
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Choi U, Hu M, Zhang Q, Sieburth D. The head mesodermal cell couples FMRFamide neuropeptide signaling with rhythmic muscle contraction in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4218. [PMID: 37452027 PMCID: PMC10349088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
FMRFamides are evolutionarily conserved neuropeptides that play critical roles in behavior, energy balance, and reproduction. Here, we show that FMRFamide signaling from the nervous system is critical for the rhythmic activation of a single cell of previously unknown function, the head mesodermal cell (hmc) in C. elegans. Behavioral, calcium imaging, and genetic studies reveal that release of the FLP-22 neuropeptide from the AVL neuron in response to pacemaker signaling activates hmc every 50 s through an frpr-17 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a protein kinase A signaling cascade in hmc. hmc activation results in muscle contraction through coupling by gap junctions composed of UNC-9/Innexin. hmc activation is inhibited by the neuronal release of a second FMRFamide-like neuropeptide, FLP-9, which functions through its GPCR, frpr-21, in hmc. This study reveals a function for two opposing FMRFamide signaling pathways in controlling the rhythmic activation of a target cell through volume transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukjin Choi
- DSR graduate program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mingxi Hu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Qixin Zhang
- MPHY program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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24
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Levichev A, Faumont S, Berner RZ, Purcell Z, White AM, Chicas-Cruz K, Lockery SR. The conserved endocannabinoid anandamide modulates olfactory sensitivity to induce hedonic feeding in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1625-1639.e4. [PMID: 37084730 PMCID: PMC10175219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cannabis to increase food consumption has been known for centuries. In addition to producing hyperphagia, cannabinoids can amplify existing preferences for calorically dense, palatable food sources, a phenomenon called hedonic amplification of feeding. These effects result from the action of plant-derived cannabinoids that mimic endogenous ligands called endocannabinoids. The high degree of conservation of cannabinoid signaling at the molecular level across the animal kingdom suggests hedonic feeding may also be widely conserved. Here, we show that exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to anandamide, an endocannabinoid common to nematodes and mammals, shifts both appetitive and consummatory responses toward nutritionally superior food, an effect analogous to hedonic feeding. We find that anandamide's effect on feeding requires the C. elegans cannabinoid receptor NPR-19 but can also be mediated by the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor, indicating functional conservation between the nematode and mammalian endocannabinoid systems for the regulation of food preferences. Furthermore, anandamide has reciprocal effects on appetitive and consummatory responses to food, increasing and decreasing responses to inferior and superior foods, respectively. Anandamide's behavioral effects require the AWC chemosensory neurons, and anandamide renders these neurons more sensitive to superior foods and less sensitive to inferior foods, mirroring the reciprocal effects seen at the behavioral level. Our findings reveal a surprising degree of functional conservation in the effects of endocannabinoids on hedonic feeding across species and establish a new system to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of endocannabinoid system function in the regulation of food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Levichev
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Serge Faumont
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Rachel Z Berner
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Zhifeng Purcell
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Amanda M White
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Kathy Chicas-Cruz
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockery
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, 1245 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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25
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Podraza-Farhanieh A, Raj D, Kao G, Naredi P. A proinsulin-dependent interaction between ENPL-1 and ASNA-1 in neurons is required to maintain insulin secretion in C. elegans. Development 2023; 150:dev201035. [PMID: 36939052 PMCID: PMC10112894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides, including insulin, are important regulators of physiological functions of the organisms. Trafficking through the Golgi is crucial for the regulation of secretion of insulin-like peptides. ASNA-1 (TRC40) and ENPL-1 (GRP94) are conserved insulin secretion regulators in Caenorhabditis elegans (and mammals), and mouse Grp94 mutants display type 2 diabetes. ENPL-1/GRP94 binds proinsulin and regulates proinsulin levels in C. elegans and mammalian cells. Here, we have found that ASNA-1 and ENPL-1 cooperate to regulate insulin secretion in worms via a physical interaction that is independent of the insulin-binding site of ENPL-1. The interaction occurs in DAF-28/insulin-expressing neurons and is sensitive to changes in DAF-28 pro-peptide levels. Consistently, ASNA-1 acted in neurons to promote DAF-28/insulin secretion. The chaperone form of ASNA-1 was likely the interaction partner of ENPL-1. Loss of asna-1 disrupted Golgi trafficking pathways. ASNA-1 localization to the Golgi was affected in enpl-1 mutants and ENPL-1 overexpression partially bypassed the ASNA-1 requirement. Taken together, we find a functional interaction between ENPL-1 and ASNA-1 that is necessary to maintain proper insulin secretion in C. elegans and provides insights into how their loss might cause diabetes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Podraza-Farhanieh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dorota Raj
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gautam Kao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Wong SQ, Ryan CJ, Bonal DM, Mills J, Lapierre LR. Neuronal HLH-30/TFEB modulates peripheral mitochondrial fragmentation to improve thermoresistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13741. [PMID: 36419219 PMCID: PMC10014052 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a conserved master transcriptional activator of autophagy and lysosomal genes that modulates organismal lifespan regulation and stress resistance. As neurons can coordinate organism-wide processes, we investigated the role of neuronal TFEB in stress resistance and longevity. To this end, the Caenorhabditis elegans TFEB ortholog, hlh-30, was rescued panneuronally in hlh-30 loss of function mutants. While important in the long lifespan of daf-2 animals, neuronal HLH-30/TFEB was not sufficient to restore normal lifespan in short-lived hlh-30 mutants. However, neuronal HLH-30/TFEB rescue mediated robust improvements in the heat stress resistance of wildtype but not daf-2 animals. Notably, these mechanisms can be uncoupled, as neuronal HLH-30/TFEB requires DAF-16/FOXO to regulate longevity but not thermoresistance. Through further transcriptomics profiling and functional analysis, we discovered that neuronal HLH-30/TFEB modulates neurotransmission through the hitherto uncharacterized protein W06A11.1 by inducing peripheral mitochondrial fragmentation and organismal heat stress resistance in a non-cell autonomous manner. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel mechanism of heat stress protection mediated by neuronal HLH-30/TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Quan Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Catherine J. Ryan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Dennis M. Bonal
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Division of Biology & MedicineBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Joslyn Mills
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of BiologyWheaton CollegeNortonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Louis R. Lapierre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Département de Chimie et BiochimieUniversité de MonctonMonctonNew BrunswickCanada
- New Brunswick Center for Precision MedicineMonctonNew BrunswickCanada
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27
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Zhang L, Li L, Wei Z, Zhou H, Liu H, Wang S, Ren Y, Dai T, Wang J, Hu Z, Ma C. The C 2 and PH domains of CAPS constitute an effective PI(4,5)P2-binding unit essential for Ca 2+-regulated exocytosis. Structure 2023; 31:424-434.e6. [PMID: 36863339 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+-dependent activator proteins for secretion (CAPSs) are required for Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CAPSs contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that binds PI(4,5)P2-membrane. There is also a C2 domain residing adjacent to the PH domain, but its function remains unclear. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of the CAPS-1 C2PH module. The structure showed that the C2 and PH tandem packs against one another mainly via hydrophobic residues. With this interaction, the C2PH module exhibited enhanced binding to PI(4,5)P2-membrane compared with the isolated PH domain. In addition, we identified a new PI(4,5)P2-binding site on the C2 domain. Disruption of either the tight interaction between the C2 and PH domains or the PI(4,5)P2-binding sites on both domains significantly impairs CAPS-1 function in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction (NMJ). These results suggest that the C2 and PH domains constitute an effective unit to promote Ca2+-regulated exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ziqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiankai Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiafan Wang
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhitao Hu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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28
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Park J, Miller KG, De Camilli P, Yogev S. End Binding protein 1 promotes specific motor-cargo association in the cell body prior to axonal delivery of Dense Core Vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523768. [PMID: 36711860 PMCID: PMC9882160 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Axonal transport is key to neuronal function. Efficient transport requires specific motor-cargo association in the soma, yet the mechanisms regulating this early step remain poorly understood. We found that EBP-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the canonical microtubule end binding protein EB1, promotes the specific association between kinesin-3/KIF1A/UNC-104 and Dense Core Vesicles (DCVs) prior to their axonal delivery. Using single-neuron, in vivo labelling of endogenous cargo and EBs, we observed reduced axonal abundance and reduced secretion of DCV cargo, but not other KIF1A/UNC-104 cargo, in ebp-1 mutants. This reduction could be traced back to fewer exit events from the cell body, where EBP-1 colocalized with the DCV sorting machinery at the trans Golgi, suggesting that this is the site of EBP-1 function. In addition to its microtubule binding CH domain, mammalian EB1 interacted with mammalian KIF1A in an EBH domain dependent manner, and expression of mammalian EB1 or the EBH domain was sufficient to rescue DCV transport in ebp-1 mutants. Our results suggest a model in which kinesin-3 binding and microtubule binding by EBP-1 cooperate to transiently enrich the motor near sites of DCV biogenesis to promote motor-cargo association. In support of this model, tethering either EBP-1 or a kinesin-3 KIF1A/UNC-104 interacting domain from an unrelated protein to the Golgi restored the axonal abundance of DCV proteins in ebp-1 mutants. These results uncover an unexpected role for a microtubule associated protein and provide insight into how specific kinesin-3 cargo are delivered to the axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyun Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Kenneth G. Miller
- Genetic Models of Disease Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N. E. 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven CT 06510
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Shaul Yogev
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
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29
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Akefe IO, Osborne SL, Matthews B, Wallis TP, Meunier FA. Lipids and Secretory Vesicle Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:357-397. [PMID: 37615874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of studies implicating lipids in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis has risen considerably. It has become increasingly clear that lipids such as phosphoinositides, lysophospholipids, cholesterol, arachidonic acid and myristic acid play critical regulatory roles in the processes leading up to exocytosis. Lipids may affect membrane fusion reactions by altering the physical properties of the membrane, recruiting key regulatory proteins, concentrating proteins into exocytic "hotspots" or by modulating protein functions allosterically. Discrete changes in phosphoinositides concentration are involved in multiple trafficking events including exocytosis and endocytosis. Lipid-modifying enzymes such as the DDHD2 isoform of phospholipase A1 were recently shown to contribute to memory acquisition via dynamic modifications of the brain lipid landscape. Considering the increasing reports on neurodegenerative disorders associated with aberrant intracellular trafficking, an improved understanding of the control of lipid pathways is physiologically and clinically significant and will afford unique insights into mechanisms and therapeutic methods for neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, this chapter will discuss the different classes of lipids, phospholipase enzymes, the evidence linking them to synaptic neurotransmitter release and how they act to regulate key steps in the multi-step process leading to neuronal communication and memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Akefe
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Shona L Osborne
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Matthews
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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30
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Davis K, Mitchell C, Weissenfels O, Bai J, Raizen DM, Ailion M, Topalidou I. G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) controls exploration through neuropeptide signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010613. [PMID: 36652499 PMCID: PMC9886303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals alter their behavior in manners that depend on environmental conditions as well as their developmental and metabolic states. For example, C. elegans is quiescent during larval molts or during conditions of satiety. By contrast, worms enter an exploration state when removed from food. Sensory perception influences movement quiescence (defined as a lack of body movement), as well as the expression of additional locomotor states in C. elegans that are associated with increased or reduced locomotion activity, such as roaming (exploration behavior) and dwelling (local search). Here we find that movement quiescence is enhanced, and exploration behavior is reduced in G protein-coupled receptor kinase grk-2 mutant animals. grk-2 was previously shown to act in chemosensation, locomotion, and egg-laying behaviors. Using neuron-specific rescuing experiments, we show that GRK-2 acts in multiple ciliated chemosensory neurons to control exploration behavior. grk-2 acts in opposite ways from the cGMP-dependent protein kinase gene egl-4 to control movement quiescence and exploration behavior. Analysis of mutants with defects in ciliated sensory neurons indicates that grk-2 and the cilium-structure mutants act in the same pathway to control exploration behavior. We find that GRK-2 controls exploration behavior in an opposite manner from the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1 and the neuropeptides FLP-1 and FLP-18. Finally, we show that secretion of the FLP-1 neuropeptide is negatively regulated by GRK-2 and that overexpression of FLP-1 reduces exploration behavior. These results define neurons and molecular pathways that modulate movement quiescence and exploration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Davis
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christo Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Olivia Weissenfels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jihong Bai
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David M. Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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31
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Wu J, Wang L, Ervin JF, Wang SHJ, Soderblom E, Ko D, Yan D. GABA signaling triggered by TMC-1/Tmc delays neuronal aging by inhibiting the PKC pathway in C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9236. [PMID: 36542715 PMCID: PMC9770988 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes functional decline and degeneration of neurons and is a major risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal aging, we developed a new pipeline for neuronal proteomic profiling in young and aged animals. While the overall translational machinery is down-regulated, certain proteins increase expressions upon aging. Among these aging-up-regulated proteins, the conserved channel protein TMC-1/Tmc has an anti-aging function in all neurons tested, and the neuroprotective function of TMC-1 occurs by regulating GABA signaling. Moreover, our results show that metabotropic GABA receptors and G protein GOA-1/Goα are required for the anti-neuronal aging functions of TMC-1 and GABA, and the activation of GABA receptors prevents neuronal aging by inhibiting the PLCβ-PKC pathway. Last, we show that the TMC-1-GABA-PKC signaling axis suppresses neuronal functional decline caused by a pathogenic form of human Tau protein. Together, our findings reveal the neuroprotective function of the TMC-1-GABA-PKC signaling axis in aging and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John F. Ervin
- Bryan Brain Bank and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shih-Hsiu J. Wang
- Department of Pathology & Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erik Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource and Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennis Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Regeneration Next, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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32
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Gildea HK, Frankino PA, Tronnes SU, Pender CL, Durieux J, Dishart JG, Choi HO, Hunter TD, Cheung SS, Frakes AE, Sukarto E, Wickham K, Dillin A. Glia of C. elegans coordinate a protective organismal heat shock response independent of the neuronal thermosensory circuit. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3970. [PMID: 36490338 PMCID: PMC9733925 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging organisms lose the ability to induce stress responses, becoming vulnerable to protein toxicity and tissue damage. Neurons can signal to peripheral tissues to induce protective organelle-specific stress responses. Recent work shows that glia can independently induce such responses. Here, we show that overexpression of heat shock factor 1 (hsf-1) in the four astrocyte-like cephalic sheath cells of Caenorhabditis elegans induces a non-cell-autonomous cytosolic unfolded protein response, also known as the heat shock response (HSR). These animals have increased lifespan and heat stress resistance and decreased protein aggregation. Glial HSR regulation is independent of canonical thermosensory circuitry and known neurotransmitters but requires the small clear vesicle release protein UNC-13. HSF-1 and the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 are partially required in peripheral tissues for non-cell-autonomous HSR, longevity, and thermotolerance. Cephalic sheath glial hsf-1 overexpression also leads to pathogen resistance, suggesting a role for this signaling pathway in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K. Gildea
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Phillip A. Frankino
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sarah U. Tronnes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Corinne L. Pender
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Julian G. Dishart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Ok Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tayla D. Hunter
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shannon S. Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley E. Frakes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Sukarto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wickham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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33
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Positive interaction between ASH and ASK sensory neurons accelerates nociception and inhibits behavioral adaptation. iScience 2022; 25:105287. [PMID: 36304123 PMCID: PMC9593764 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central and peripheral sensory neurons tightly regulate nociception and avoidance behavior. The peripheral modulation of nociception provides more veridical and instantaneous information for animals to achieve rapid, more fine-tuned and concentrated behavioral responses. In this study, we find that positive interaction between ASH and ASK sensory neurons is essential for the fast-rising phase of ASH Ca2+ responses to noxious copper ions and inhibits the adaption of avoiding Cu2+. We reveal the underlying neuronal circuit mechanism. ASK accelerates the ASH Ca2+ responses by transferring cGMP through gap junctions. ASH excites ASK via a disinhibitory neuronal circuit composed of ASH, AIA, and ASK. Avoidance adaptation depends on the slope rate of the rising phase of ASH Ca2+ responses. Thus, in addition to amplitude, sensory kinetics is significant for sensations and behaviors, especially for sensory and behavioral adaptations.
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34
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Segref A, Vakkayil KL, Padvitski T, Li Q, Kroef V, Lormann J, Körner L, Finger F, Hoppe T. Thermosensation in Caenorhabditis elegans is linked to ubiquitin-dependent protein turnover via insulin and calcineurin signalling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5874. [PMID: 36198694 PMCID: PMC9534930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal physiology and survival are influenced by environmental conditions and linked to protein quality control. Proteome integrity is achieved by maintaining an intricate balance between protein folding and degradation. In Caenorhabditis elegans, acute heat stress determines cell non-autonomous regulation of chaperone levels. However, how the perception of environmental changes, including physiological temperature, affects protein degradation remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that loss-of-function of dyf-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans associated with dysfunctional sensory neurons leads to defects in both temperature perception and thermal adaptation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system centered on thermosensory AFD neurons. Impaired perception of moderate temperature changes worsens ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in intestinal cells. Brain-gut communication regulating protein turnover is mediated by upregulation of the insulin-like peptide INS-5 and inhibition of the calcineurin-regulated forkhead-box transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO. Our data indicate that perception of ambient temperature and its neuronal integration is important for the control of proteome integrity in complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Segref
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Kavya L Vakkayil
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tsimafei Padvitski
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiaochu Li
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Virginia Kroef
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob Lormann
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lioba Körner
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Finger
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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35
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Harrington S, Knox JJ, Burns AR, Choo KL, Au A, Kitner M, Haeberli C, Pyche J, D'Amata C, Kim YH, Volpatti JR, Guiliani M, Snider J, Wong V, Palmeira BM, Redman EM, Vaidya AS, Gilleard JS, Stagljar I, Cutler SR, Kulke D, Dowling JJ, Yip CM, Keiser J, Zasada I, Lautens M, Roy PJ. Egg-laying and locomotory screens with C. elegans yield a nematode-selective small molecule stimulator of neurotransmitter release. Commun Biol 2022; 5:865. [PMID: 36002479 PMCID: PMC9402605 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode parasites of humans, livestock and crops dramatically impact human health and welfare. Alarmingly, parasitic nematodes of animals have rapidly evolved resistance to anthelmintic drugs, and traditional nematicides that protect crops are facing increasing restrictions because of poor phylogenetic selectivity. Here, we exploit multiple motor outputs of the model nematode C. elegans towards nematicide discovery. This work yielded multiple compounds that selectively kill and/or immobilize diverse nematode parasites. We focus on one compound that induces violent convulsions and paralysis that we call nementin. We find that nementin stimulates neuronal dense core vesicle release, which in turn enhances cholinergic signaling. Consequently, nementin synergistically enhances the potency of widely-used non-selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, but in a nematode-selective manner. Nementin therefore has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of toxic AChE inhibitors that are used to control nematode infections and infestations. A C. elegans-based screening approach identifies nementin as a nematode-selective nematicide that can be used synergistically with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Harrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica J Knox
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew R Burns
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ken-Loon Choo
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Au
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Megan Kitner
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Cecile Haeberli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss-Tropical and Public Health Institute, (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Pyche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cassandra D'Amata
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Volpatti
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maximillano Guiliani
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jamie Snider
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruna M Palmeira
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aditya S Vaidya
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Igor Stagljar
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kulke
- Research Parasiticides, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Monheim, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - James J Dowling
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss-Tropical and Public Health Institute, (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inga Zasada
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mark Lautens
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter J Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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36
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Fadil SA, Janetopoulos C. The Polarized Redistribution of the Contractile Vacuole to the Rear of the Cell is Critical for Streaming and is Regulated by PI(4,5)P2-Mediated Exocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:765316. [PMID: 35928786 PMCID: PMC9344532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae align in a head to tail manner during the process of streaming during fruiting body formation. The chemoattractant cAMP is the chemoattractant regulating cell migration during this process and is released from the rear of cells. The process by which this cAMP release occurs has eluded investigators for many decades, but new findings suggest that this release can occur through expulsion during contractile vacuole (CV) ejection. The CV is an organelle that performs several functions inside the cell including the regulation of osmolarity, and discharges its content via exocytosis. The CV localizes to the rear of the cell and appears to be part of the polarity network, with the localization under the influence of the plasma membrane (PM) lipids, including the phosphoinositides (PIs), among those is PI(4,5)P2, the most abundant PI on the PM. Research on D. discoideum and neutrophils have shown that PI(4,5)P2 is enriched at the rear of migrating cells. In several systems, it has been shown that the essential regulator of exocytosis is through the exocyst complex, mediated in part by PI(4,5)P2-binding. This review features the role of the CV complex in D. discoideum signaling with a focus on the role of PI(4,5)P2 in regulating CV exocytosis and localization. Many of the regulators of these processes are conserved during evolution, so the mechanisms controlling exocytosis and membrane trafficking in D. discoideum and mammalian cells will be discussed, highlighting their important functions in membrane trafficking and signaling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana A. Fadil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Natural product, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Saudia Arabia
| | - Chris Janetopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Science Research Institute, Albright College, Reading, PA, United States
- The Department of Cell Biology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Chris Janetopoulos,
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37
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Khan M, Hartmann AH, O’Donnell MP, Piccione M, Pandey A, Chao PH, Dwyer ND, Bargmann CI, Sengupta P. Context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by inversion of the response in a single sensory neuron type. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001677. [PMID: 35696430 PMCID: PMC9232122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The valence and salience of individual odorants are modulated by an animal’s innate preferences, learned associations, and internal state, as well as by the context of odorant presentation. The mechanisms underlying context-dependent flexibility in odor valence are not fully understood. Here, we show that the behavioral response of Caenorhabditis elegans to bacterially produced medium-chain alcohols switches from attraction to avoidance when presented in the background of a subset of additional attractive chemicals. This context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by cell-autonomous inversion of the response to these alcohols in the single AWC olfactory neuron pair. We find that while medium-chain alcohols inhibit the AWC olfactory neurons to drive attraction, these alcohols instead activate AWC to promote avoidance when presented in the background of a second AWC-sensed odorant. We show that these opposing responses are driven via engagement of distinct odorant-directed signal transduction pathways within AWC. Our results indicate that context-dependent recruitment of alternative intracellular signaling pathways within a single sensory neuron type conveys opposite hedonic valences, thereby providing a robust mechanism for odorant encoding and discrimination at the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munzareen Khan
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna H. Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael P. O’Donnell
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madeline Piccione
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anjali Pandey
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pin-Hao Chao
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Noelle D. Dwyer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Zhang Q, Hrach H, Mangone M, Reiner DJ. Identifying the Caenorhabditis elegans vulval transcriptome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac091. [PMID: 35551383 PMCID: PMC9157107 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of the Caenorhabditis elegans vulva is a classic model of organogenesis. This system, which starts with 6 equipotent cells, encompasses diverse types of developmental event, including developmental competence, multiple signaling events to control precise and faithful patterning of three cell fates, execution and proliferation of specific cell lineages, and a series of sophisticated morphogenetic events. Early events have been subjected to extensive mutational and genetic investigations and later events to cell biological analyses. We infer the existence of dramatically changing profiles of gene expression that accompanies the observed changes in development. Yet, except from serendipitous discovery of several transcription factors expressed in dynamic patterns in vulval lineages, our knowledge of the transcriptomic landscape during vulval development is minimal. This study describes the composition of a vulva-specific transcriptome. We used tissue-specific harvesting of mRNAs via immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged poly(A) binding protein, PAB-1, heterologously expressed by a promoter known to express GFP in vulval cells throughout their development. The identified transcriptome was small but tightly interconnected. From this data set, we identified several genes with identified functions in development of the vulva and validated more with promoter-GFP reporters of expression. For one target, lag-1, promoter-GFP expression was limited but a fluorescent tag of the endogenous protein revealed extensive expression. Thus, we have identified a transcriptome of C. elegans vulval lineages as a launching pad for exploration of functions of these genes in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heather Hrach
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Marco Mangone
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - David J Reiner
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Zhang X, Liu J, Pan T, Ward A, Liu J, Xu XZS. A cilia-independent function of BBSome mediated by DLK-MAPK signaling in C. elegans photosensation. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1545-1557.e4. [PMID: 35649417 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder that affects primary cilia. BBSome, a protein complex composed of eight BBS proteins, regulates the structure and function of cilia, and its malfunction causes BBS in humans. Here, we report a cilia-independent function of BBSome. To identify genes that regulate the C. elegans photoreceptor protein LITE-1 in ciliated ASH photosensory neurons, we performed a genetic screen and isolated bbs mutants. Functional analysis revealed that BBSome regulates LITE-1 protein stability independently of cilia. Through another round of genetic screening, we found that this cilia-independent function of BBSome is mediated by DLK-MAPK signaling, which acts downstream of BBSome to control LITE-1 stability via Rab5-mediated endocytosis. BBSome exerts its function by regulating the expression of DLK. BBSome also regulates the expression of LZK, a mammalian DLK in human cells. These studies identify a cilia-independent function of BBSome and uncover DLK as an evolutionarily conserved BBSome effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical, School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jinzhi Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical, School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tong Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical, School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alex Ward
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical, School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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40
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Handley A, Wu Q, Sherry T, Cornell R, Pocock R. Diet-responsive transcriptional regulation of insulin in a single neuron controls systemic metabolism. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001655. [PMID: 35594303 PMCID: PMC9162364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis is coordinated through a robust network of signaling pathways acting across all tissues. A key part of this network is insulin-like signaling, which is fundamental for surviving glucose stress. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans fed excess dietary glucose reduce insulin-1 (INS-1) expression specifically in the BAG glutamatergic sensory neurons. We demonstrate that INS-1 expression in the BAG neurons is directly controlled by the transcription factor ETS-5, which is also down-regulated by glucose. We further find that INS-1 acts exclusively from the BAG neurons, and not other INS-1-expressing neurons, to systemically inhibit fat storage via the insulin-like receptor DAF-2. Together, these findings reveal an intertissue regulatory pathway where regulation of insulin expression in a specific neuron controls systemic metabolism in response to excess dietary glucose. Metabolic homeostasis is coordinated through a robust network of signaling pathways acting across all tissues. This study shows that Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes fed excess dietary glucose reduce the expression of insulin-1 specifically in the BAG glutamatergic sensory neurons, and that insulin-1 produced by these neurons systemically inhibits fat storage via the insulin-like receptor DAF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Handley
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (AH); (RP)
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tessa Sherry
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornell
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (AH); (RP)
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41
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Staudt A, Ratai O, Bouzouina A, Fecher-Trost C, Shaaban A, Bzeih H, Horn A, Shaib AH, Klose M, Flockerzi V, Lauterbach MA, Rettig J, Becherer U. Localization of the Priming Factors CAPS1 and CAPS2 in Mouse Sensory Neurons Is Determined by Their N-Termini. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:674243. [PMID: 35493323 PMCID: PMC9049930 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.674243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both paralogs of the calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS) are required for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) and large dense core vesicles (LDCVs). Despite approximately 80% sequence identity, CAPS1 and CAPS2 have distinct functions in promoting exocytosis of SVs and LDCVs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain enigmatic. In this study, we applied high- and super-resolution imaging techniques to systematically assess the subcellular localization of CAPS paralogs in DRG neurons deficient in both CAPS1 and CAPS2. CAPS1 was found to be more enriched at the synapses. Using – in-depth sequence analysis, we identified a unique CAPS1 N-terminal sequence, which we introduced into CAPS2. This CAPS1/2 chimera reproduced the pre-synaptic localization of CAPS1 and partially rescued synaptic transmission in neurons devoid of CAPS1 and CAPS2. Using immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, we identified CAPS1-specific interaction partners that could be responsible for its pre-synaptic enrichment. Taken together, these data suggest an important role of the CAPS1-N terminus in the localization of the protein at pre-synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Staudt
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Olga Ratai
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Aicha Bouzouina
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Shaaban
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Hawraa Bzeih
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Horn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ali H. Shaib
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margarete Klose
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Lauterbach
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rettig
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ute Becherer
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ute Becherer,
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42
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Oliver D, Ramachandran S, Philbrook A, Lambert CM, Nguyen KCQ, Hall DH, Francis MM. Kinesin-3 mediated axonal delivery of presynaptic neurexin stabilizes dendritic spines and postsynaptic components. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010016. [PMID: 35089924 PMCID: PMC8827443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional properties of neural circuits are defined by the patterns of synaptic connections between their partnering neurons, but the mechanisms that stabilize circuit connectivity are poorly understood. We systemically examined this question at synapses onto newly characterized dendritic spines of C. elegans GABAergic motor neurons. We show that the presynaptic adhesion protein neurexin/NRX-1 is required for stabilization of postsynaptic structure. We find that early postsynaptic developmental events proceed without a strict requirement for synaptic activity and are not disrupted by deletion of neurexin/nrx-1. However, in the absence of presynaptic NRX-1, dendritic spines and receptor clusters become destabilized and collapse prior to adulthood. We demonstrate that NRX-1 delivery to presynaptic terminals is dependent on kinesin-3/UNC-104 and show that ongoing UNC-104 function is required for postsynaptic maintenance in mature animals. By defining the dynamics and temporal order of synapse formation and maintenance events in vivo, we describe a mechanism for stabilizing mature circuit connectivity through neurexin-based adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyn Oliver
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shankar Ramachandran
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alison Philbrook
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Lambert
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ken C. Q. Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David H. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Francis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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43
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Iliff AJ, Wang C, Ronan EA, Hake AE, Guo Y, Li X, Zhang X, Zheng M, Liu J, Grosh K, Duncan RK, Xu XZS. The nematode C. elegans senses airborne sound. Neuron 2021; 109:3633-3646.e7. [PMID: 34555314 PMCID: PMC8602785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Unlike olfaction, taste, touch, vision, and proprioception, which are
widespread across animal phyla, hearing is found only in vertebrates and some
arthropods. The vast majority of invertebrate species are thus considered
insensitive to sound. Here, we challenge this conventional view by showing that
the earless nematode C. elegans senses airborne sound at
frequencies reaching the kHz range. Sound vibrates C. elegans
skin, which acts as a pressure-to-displacement transducer similar to vertebrate
eardrum, activates sound-sensitive FLP/PVD neurons attached to the skin, and
evokes phonotaxis behavior. We identified two nAChRs that transduce sound
signals independently of ACh, revealing an unexpected function of nAChRs in
mechanosensation. Thus, the ability to sense airborne sound is not restricted to
vertebrates and arthropods as previously thought, and might have evolved
multiple times independently in the animal kingdom, suggesting convergent
evolution. Our studies also demonstrate that animals without ears may not be
presumed to be sound insensitive. Hearing is thought to exist only in vertebrates and some arthropods, but
not other animal phyla. Here, Xu and colleagues report that the earless nematode
C. elegans senses airborne sound and engages in phonotaxis.
Thus, hearing might have evolved multiple times independently in the animal
kingdom, suggesting convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Iliff
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Can Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Elizabeth A Ronan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alison E Hake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuling Guo
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xia Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maohua Zheng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Karl Grosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - R Keith Duncan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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44
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Ippolito D, Thapliyal S, Glauser DA. Ca 2+/CaM binding to CaMKI promotes IMA-3 importin binding and nuclear translocation in sensory neurons to control behavioral adaptation. eLife 2021; 10:71443. [PMID: 34766550 PMCID: PMC8635976 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory and behavioral plasticity are essential for animals to thrive in changing environments. As key effectors of intracellular calcium signaling, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) can bridge neural activation with the many regulatory processes needed to orchestrate sensory adaptation, including by relaying signals to the nucleus. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling the cell activation-dependent nuclear translocation of CMK-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of mammalian CaMKI/IV, in thermosensory neurons in vivo. We show that an intracellular Ca2+ concentration elevation is necessary and sufficient to favor CMK-1 nuclear import. The binding of Ca2+/CaM to CMK-1 increases its affinity for IMA-3 importin, causing a redistribution with a relatively slow kinetics, matching the timescale of sensory adaptation. Furthermore, we show that this mechanism enables the encoding of opposite nuclear signals in neuron types with opposite calcium-responses and that it is essential for experience-dependent behavioral plasticity and gene transcription control in vivo. Since CaMKI/IV are conserved regulators of adaptable behaviors, similar mechanisms could exist in other organisms and for other sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Ippolito
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Saurabh Thapliyal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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45
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Rahmani A, Chew YL. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory using Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurochem 2021; 159:417-451. [PMID: 34528252 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Learning is an essential biological process for survival since it facilitates behavioural plasticity in response to environmental changes. This process is mediated by a wide variety of genes, mostly expressed in the nervous system. Many studies have extensively explored the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. This review will focus on the advances gained through the study of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans provides an excellent system to study learning because of its genetic tractability, in addition to its invariant, compact nervous system (~300 neurons) that is well-characterised at the structural level. Importantly, despite its compact nature, the nematode nervous system possesses a high level of conservation with mammalian systems. These features allow the study of genes within specific sensory-, inter- and motor neurons, facilitating the interrogation of signalling pathways that mediate learning via defined neural circuits. This review will detail how learning and memory can be studied in C. elegans through behavioural paradigms that target distinct sensory modalities. We will also summarise recent studies describing mechanisms through which key molecular and cellular pathways are proposed to affect associative and non-associative forms of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aelon Rahmani
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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46
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Plasticity in gustatory and nociceptive neurons controls decision making in C. elegans salt navigation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1053. [PMID: 34504291 PMCID: PMC8429449 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A conventional understanding of perception assigns sensory organs the role of capturing the environment. Better sensors result in more accurate encoding of stimuli, allowing for cognitive processing downstream. Here we show that plasticity in sensory neurons mediates a behavioral switch in C. elegans between attraction to NaCl in naïve animals and avoidance of NaCl in preconditioned animals, called gustatory plasticity. Ca2+ imaging in ASE and ASH NaCl sensing neurons reveals multiple cell-autonomous and distributed circuit adaptation mechanisms. A computational model quantitatively accounts for observed behaviors and reveals roles for sensory neurons in the control and modulation of motor behaviors, decision making and navigational strategy. Sensory adaptation dynamically alters the encoding of the environment. Rather than encoding the stimulus directly, therefore, we propose that these C. elegans sensors dynamically encode a context-dependent value of the stimulus. Our results demonstrate how adaptive sensory computation can directly control an animal’s behavioral state. Martijn Dekkers and Felix Salfelder et al. combine experimental approaches and mathematical modeling to determine the contribution of the two main NaCl sensory neurons (termed ASEL and ASER) and the nociceptive neurons (termed ASH) in C. elegans to the context-dependent switching between NaCl attraction and avoidance. Their results show that regulated sensitivity of these sensory neurons to NaCl allows the animal to dynamically modulate its behavioral response and suggest a role for sensory modulation in balancing exploration and exploitation during foraging.
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47
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Caprini D, Schwartz S, Lanza E, Milanetti E, Lucente V, Ferrarese G, Chiodo L, Nicoletti M, Folli V. A Shearless Microfluidic Device Detects a Role in Mechanosensitivity for AWC ON Neuron in Caenorhabditis elegans. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100927. [PMID: 34423577 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AWC olfactory neurons are fundamental for chemotaxis toward volatile attractants in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, it is shown that AWCON responds not only to chemicals but also to mechanical stimuli caused by fluid flow changes in a microfluidic device. The dynamics of calcium events are correlated with the stimulus amplitude. It is further shown that the mechanosensitivity of AWCON neurons has an intrinsic nature rather than a synaptic origin, and the calcium transient response is mediated by TAX-4 cGMP-gated cation channel, suggesting the involvement of one or more "odorant" receptors in AWCON mechano-transduction. In many cases, the responses show plateau properties resembling bistable calcium dynamics where neurons can switch from one stable state to the other. To investigate the unprecedentedly observed mechanosensitivity of AWCON neurons, a novel microfluidic device is designed to minimize the fluid shear flow in the arena hosting the nematodes. Animals in this device show reduced neuronal activation of AWCON neurons. The results observed indicate that the tangential component of the mechanical stress is the main contributor to the mechanosensitivity of AWCON . Furthermore, the microfluidic platform, integrating shearless perfusion and calcium imaging, provides a novel and more controlled solution for in vivo analysis both in micro-organisms and cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Caprini
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Schwartz
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Enrico Lanza
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy.,Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucente
- CREST OPTICS S.p.A., Via di Torre Rossa 66, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrarese
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy.,Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Letizia Chiodo
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Martina Nicoletti
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy.,Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Viola Folli
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
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48
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Wasson JA, Harris G, Keppler-Ross S, Brock TJ, Dar AR, Butcher RA, Fischer SEJ, Kagias K, Clardy J, Zhang Y, Mango SE. Neuronal control of maternal provisioning in response to social cues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabf8782. [PMID: 34417172 PMCID: PMC8378817 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mothers contribute cytoplasmic components to their progeny in a process called maternal provisioning. Provisioning is influenced by the parental environment, but the molecular pathways that transmit environmental cues between generations are not well understood. Here, we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, social cues modulate maternal provisioning to regulate gene silencing in offspring. Intergenerational signal transmission depends on a pheromone-sensing neuron and neuronal FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe)-like peptides. Parental FMRFamide-like peptide signaling dampens oxidative stress resistance and promotes the deposition of mRNAs for translational components in progeny, which, in turn, reduces gene silencing. This study identifies a previously unknown pathway for intergenerational communication that links neuronal responses to maternal provisioning. We suggest that loss of social cues in the parental environment represents an adverse environment that stimulates stress responses across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Harris
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Abdul R Dar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca A Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia E J Fischer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kagias
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Susan E Mango
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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49
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Sando SR, Bhatla N, Lee EL, Horvitz HR. An hourglass circuit motif transforms a motor program via subcellularly localized muscle calcium signaling and contraction. eLife 2021; 10:59341. [PMID: 34212858 PMCID: PMC8331187 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural control of muscle function is fundamental to animal behavior. Many muscles can generate multiple distinct behaviors. Nonetheless, individual muscle cells are generally regarded as the smallest units of motor control. We report that muscle cells can alter behavior by contracting subcellularly. We previously discovered that noxious tastes reverse the net flow of particles through the C. elegans pharynx, a neuromuscular pump, resulting in spitting. We now show that spitting results from the subcellular contraction of the anterior region of the pm3 muscle cell. Subcellularly localized calcium increases accompany this contraction. Spitting is controlled by an ‘hourglass’ circuit motif: parallel neural pathways converge onto a single motor neuron that differentially controls multiple muscles and the critical subcellular muscle compartment. We conclude that subcellular muscle units enable modulatory motor control and propose that subcellular muscle contraction is a fundamental mechanism by which neurons can reshape behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Sando
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nikhil Bhatla
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Miller Institute, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Eugene Lq Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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50
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Raj V, Nair A, Thekkuveettil A. Manganese exposure during early larval stages of C. elegans causes learning disability in the adult stage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:89-94. [PMID: 34198165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), even though an essential trace element, causes neurotoxicity in excess. In adults, over-exposure to Mn causes clinical manifestations, including dystonia, progressive bradykinesia, disturbance of gait, slurring, and stuttering of speech. These symptoms are mainly because of Mn-associated oxidative stress and degeneration of dopamine neurons in the central nervous system. Children with excessive Mn exposure often show learning disabilities but rarely show symptoms associated with dopaminergic neuron dysfunction. It is unclear why Mn exposure shows distinctive clinical outcomes in developing brains versus adult brains. Studies on nematode C. elegans have demonstrated that it is an excellent model to elucidate Mn-associated toxicity in the nervous system. In this study, we chronically exposed Mn to L1 larval stage of the worms to understand the effects on dopamine neurons and cognitive development. The worms showed modified behavior to exogenous dopamine compared to the control. The dopamine neurons showed resistance to neurodegeneration on repeated Mn exposure during the adult stage. As observed in mammalian systems, these worms showed significantly low olfactory adaptive learning and memory. This study shows that C. elegans alters adaptive developmental plasticity during Mn overexposure, modifying its sensitivity towards the metal ion and leads to remodeling in its innate learning behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Raj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695012, India
| | - Agrima Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695012, India
| | - Anoopkumar Thekkuveettil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695012, India.
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