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Braine A, Georges F. Emotion in action: When emotions meet motor circuits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105475. [PMID: 37996047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a remarkably complex organ responsible for a wide range of functions, including the modulation of emotional states and movement. Neuronal circuits are believed to play a crucial role in integrating sensory, cognitive, and emotional information to ultimately guide motor behavior. Over the years, numerous studies employing diverse techniques such as electrophysiology, imaging, and optogenetics have revealed a complex network of neural circuits involved in the regulation of emotional or motor processes. Emotions can exert a substantial influence on motor performance, encompassing both everyday activities and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to explore how emotional states can shape movements by connecting the neural circuits for emotional processing to motor neural circuits. We first provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of different emotional states on motor control in humans and rodents. In line with behavioral studies, we set out to identify emotion-related structures capable of modulating motor output, behaviorally and anatomically. Neuronal circuits involved in emotional processing are extensively connected to the motor system. These circuits can drive emotional behavior, essential for survival, but can also continuously shape ongoing movement. In summary, the investigation of the intricate relationship between emotion and movement offers valuable insights into human behavior, including opportunities to enhance performance, and holds promise for improving mental and physical health. This review integrates findings from multiple scientific approaches, including anatomical tracing, circuit-based dissection, and behavioral studies, conducted in both animal and human subjects. By incorporating these different methodologies, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the emotional modulation of movement in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Braine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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2
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Labrakakis C. The Role of the Insular Cortex in Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065736. [PMID: 36982807 PMCID: PMC10056254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from normal to chronic pain is believed to involve alterations in several brain areas that participate in the perception of pain. These plastic changes are then responsible for aberrant pain perception and comorbidities. The insular cortex is consistently found activated in pain studies of normal and chronic pain patients. Functional changes in the insula contribute to chronic pain; however, the complex mechanisms by which the insula is involved in pain perception under normal and pathological conditions are still not clear. In this review, an overview of the insular function is provided and findings on its role in pain from human studies are summarized. Recent progress on the role of the insula in pain from preclinical experimental models is reviewed, and the connectivity of the insula with other brain regions is examined to shed new light on the neuronal mechanisms of the insular cortex’s contribution to normal and pathological pain sensation. This review underlines the need for further studies on the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the insula in the chronicity of pain and the expression of comorbid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Labrakakis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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3
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Mathiasen ML, Aggleton JP, Witter MP. Projections of the insular cortex to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex: A tracing study in the rat. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1131167. [PMID: 37152205 PMCID: PMC10158940 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1131167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dense fiber pathways that connect the insular cortex with frontal cortices are thought to provide these frontal areas with interoceptive information, crucial for their involvement in executive functions. Using anterograde neuroanatomical tracing, we mapped the detailed organization of the projections from the rat insular cortex to its targets in orbitofrontal (OFC) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex. In OFC, main insular projections distribute to lateral and medial parts, avoiding ventral parts. Whereas projections from the primary gustatory cortex densely innervate dorsolateral OFC, likely corresponding to what in primates is known as the secondary gustatory cortex, these projections avoid mPFC. Instead, mPFC is targeted almost exclusively by projections from agranular fields of the insular cortex. Finally, "parietal" domains of the insular cortex project specifically to the dorsolateral OFC, and strongly innervate ventral portions of mPFC, i.e., the dorsal peduncular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias L. Mathiasen
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Center for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John P. Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Center for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Menno P. Witter,
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Mercer Lindsay N, Chen C, Gilam G, Mackey S, Scherrer G. Brain circuits for pain and its treatment. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj7360. [PMID: 34757810 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mercer Lindsay
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biology, CNC Program, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sean Mackey
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Cortical Modulation of Nociception. Neuroscience 2021; 458:256-270. [PMID: 33465410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nociception is the neuronal process of encoding noxious stimuli and could be modulated at peripheral, spinal, brainstem, and cortical levels. At cortical levels, several areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO), insular cortex (IC), motor cortex (MC), and somatosensory cortices are involved in nociception modulation through two main mechanisms: (i) a descending modulatory effect at spinal level by direct corticospinal projections or mostly by activation of brainstem structures (i.e. periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), the nucleus of raphe (RM) and rostroventral medulla (RVM)); and by (ii) cortico-cortical or cortico-subcortical interactions. This review summarizes evidence related to the participation of the aforementioned cortical areas in nociception modulation and different neurotransmitters or neuromodulators that have been studied in each area. Besides, we point out the importance of considering intracortical neuronal populations and receptors expression, as well as, nociception-induced cortical changes, both functional and connectional, to better understand this modulatory effect. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms that could potentiate the use of cortical stimulation as a promising procedure in pain alleviation.
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Luo YX, Huang D, Guo C, Ma YY. Limited versus extended cocaine intravenous self-administration: Behavioral effects and electrophysiological changes in insular cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:196-205. [PMID: 33118700 PMCID: PMC7816201 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Limited vs extended drug exposure has been proposed as one of the key factors in determining the risk of relapse, which is the primary characteristic of addiction behaviors. The current studies were designed to explore the related behavioral effects and neuronal alterations in the insular cortex (IC), an important brain region involved in addiction. Methods Experiments started with rats at the age of 35 days, a typical adolescent stage when initial drug exposure occurs often in humans. The drug‐seeking/taking behaviors, and membrane properties and intrinsic excitability of IC pyramidal neurons were measured on withdrawal day (WD) 1 and WD 45‐48 after limited vs extended cocaine intravenous self‐administration (IVSA). Results We found higher cocaine‐taking behaviors at the late withdrawal period after limited vs extended cocaine IVSA. We also found minor but significant effects of limited but not extended cocaine exposure on the kinetics and amplitude of action potentials on WD 45, in IC pyramidal neurons. Conclusion Our results indicate potential high risks of relapse in young rats with limited but not extended drug exposure, although the adaptations detected in the IC may not be sufficient to explain the neural changes of higher drug‐taking behaviors induced by limited cocaine IVSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Donald Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Changyong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yao-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Luo YX, Galaj E, Ma YY. Differential alterations of insular cortex excitability after adolescent or adult chronic intermittent ethanol administration in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:649-661. [PMID: 33094531 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol drinking, primarily in the form of binge-drinking episodes, is a serious public health concern. Binge drinking in laboratory animals has been modeled by a procedure involving chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) administration, as compared with chronic intermittent water (CIW). The prolonged effects of adolescent binge alcohol exposure in adults, such as high risk of developing alcohol use disorder, are severe but available treatments in the clinic are limited. One reason is the lack of sufficient understanding about the associated neuronal alterations. The involvement of the insular cortex, particularly the anterior agranular insula (AAI), has emerged as a critical region to explain neuronal mechanisms of substance abuse. This study was designed to evaluate the functional output of the AAI by measuring the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons from male rats 2 or 21 days after adolescent or adult CIE treatment. Decreases in intrinsic excitability in AAI pyramidal neurons were detected 21 days, relative to 2 days, after adolescent CIE. Interestingly, the decreased intrinsic excitability in the AAI pyramidal neurons was observed 2 days after adult CIE, compared to adult CIW, but no difference was found between 2 versus 21 days after adult CIE. These data indicate that, although the AAI is influenced within a limited period after adult but not adolescent CIE, neuronal alterations in AAI are affected during the prolonged period of withdrawal from adolescent but not adult CIE. This may explain the prolonged vulnerability to mental disorders of subjects with an alcohol binge history during their adolescent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yao-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Forstenpointner J, Berry D, Baron R, Borsook D. The cornucopia of central disinhibition pain - An evaluation of past and novel concepts. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105041. [PMID: 32800994 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central disinhibition (CD), as applied to pain, decreases thresholds of endogenous systems. This provokes onset of spontaneous or evoked pain in an individual beyond the ability of the nervous system to inhibit pain resulting from a disease or tissue damage. The original CD concept as proposed by Craig entails a shift from the lateral pain pathway (i.e. discriminative pain processing) towards the medial pain pathway (i.e. emotional pain processing), within an otherwise neurophysiological intact environment. In this review, the original CD concept as proposed by Craig is extended by the primary "nociceptive pathway damage - CD" concept and the secondary "central pathway set point - CD". Thereby, the original concept may be transferred into anatomical and psychological non-functional conditions. We provide examples for either primary or secondary CD concepts within different clinical etiologies as well as present surrogate models, which directly mimic the underlying pathophysiology (A-fiber block) or modulate the CD pathway excitability (thermal grill). The thermal grill has especially shown promising advancements, which may be useful to examine CD pathway activation in the future. Therefore, within this topical review, a systematic review on the thermal grill illusion is intended to stimulate future research. Finally, the authors review different mechanism-based treatment approaches to combat CD pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Forstenpointner
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Delany Berry
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralf Baron
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Usui M, Kaneko K, Oi Y, Kobayashi M. Orexin facilitates GABAergic IPSCs via postsynaptic OX 1 receptors coupling to the intracellular PKC signalling cascade in the rat cerebral cortex. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:97-112. [PMID: 30763655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Orexin has multiple physiological functions including wakefulness, appetite, nicotine intake, and nociception. The cerebral cortex receives abundant orexinergic projections and expresses both orexinergic receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R). However, little is known about orexinergic regulation of GABA-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission. In the cerebral cortex, there are multiple GABAergic neural subtypes, each of which has its own morphological and physiological characteristics. Therefore, identification of presynaptic GABAergic neural subtypes is critical to understand orexinergic effects on GABAergic connections. We focused on inhibitory synapses at pyramidal neurons (PNs) from fast-spiking GABAergic neurons (FSNs) in the insular cortex by a paired whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and elucidated the mechanisms of orexin-induced IPSC regulation. We found that both orexin A and orexin B enhanced unitary IPSC (uIPSC) amplitude in FSN→PN connections without changing the paired-pulse ratio or failure rate. These effects were blocked by SB-334867, an OX1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, but not by TCS-OX2-29, an OX2R antagonist. [Ala11, D-Leu15]-orexin B, a selective OX2R agonist, had little effect on uIPSCs. Variance-mean analysis demonstrated an increase in quantal content without a change in release probability or the number of readily releasable pools. Laser photolysis of caged GABA revealed that orexin A enhanced GABA-mediated currents in PNs. Downstream blockade of Gq/11 protein-coupled OX1Rs by IP3 receptor or protein kinase C (PKC) blockers and BAPTA injection into postsynaptic PNs diminished the orexin A-induced uIPSC enhancement. These results suggest that the orexinergic uIPSC enhancement is mediated via postsynaptic OX1Rs, which potentiate GABAA receptors through PKC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Usui
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Oi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Centre, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Molecular Dynamics Imaging Unit, RIKEN Centre for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Abstract
Acute pain has an evolutionary role in the detection of physical harm and the response to it. In some cases, however, acute pain can impair function and lead to other morbidities. Chronic pain, meanwhile, can present as a psychopathological condition that significantly interferes with daily living. Most basic and translational pain research has focused on the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the spinal and peripheral nervous systems. In contrast, the brain plays a key role in the affective manifestation and cognitive control of pain. In particular, several cortical regions, such as the somatosensory cortex, prefrontal cortex, insular, and anterior cingulate cortex, are well known to be activated by acute pain signals, and neurons in these regions have been demonstrated to undergo changes in response to chronic pain. Furthermore, these cortical regions can project to a number of forebrain and limbic structures to exert powerful top-down control of not only sensory pain transmission but also affective pain expression, and such cortical regulatory mechanisms are particularly relevant in chronic pain states. Newer techniques have emerged that allow for detailed studies of central pain circuits in animal models, as well as how such circuits are modified by the presence of chronic pain and other predisposing psychosomatic factors. These mechanistic approaches can complement imaging in human studies. At the therapeutic level, a number of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions have recently been shown to engage these top-down control systems to provide analgesia. In this review, we will discuss how pain signals reach important cortical regions and how these regions in turn project to subcortical areas of the brain to exert profound modulation of the pain experience. In addition, we will discuss the clinical relevance of such top-down pain regulation mechanisms.
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Rodgers KM, Ahrendsen JT, Patsos OP, Strnad FA, Yonchek JC, Traystman RJ, Macklin WB, Herson PS. Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Juvenile Brain Following Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2018; 380:1-13. [PMID: 29649514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of dead neurons following ischemia, either via enhanced endogenous neurogenesis or stem cell therapy, has long been sought. Unfortunately, while various therapies that enhance neurogenesis or stem cell therapies have proven beneficial in animal models, they have all uniformly failed to truly replace dead neurons in the ischemic core to facilitate long-term recovery. Remarkably, we observe robust repopulation of medium-spiny neurons within the ischemic core of juvenile mice following experimental stroke. Despite extensive neuronal cell death in the injured striatum of both juveniles and adults at acute time points after ischemia (24 h and 7 d), mature newborn neurons replaced lost striatal neurons at 30 d post-ischemia. This neuronal repopulation was found only in juveniles, not adults, and importantly, was accompanied by enhanced post-ischemic behavioral recovery at 30 d. Ablation of neurogenesis using irradiation prevented neuronal replacement and functional recovery in MCAo-injured juvenile mice. In contrast, findings in adults were consistent with previous reports, that newborn neurons failed to mature and died, offering little therapeutic potential. These data provide support for neuronal replacement and consequent functional recovery following ischemic stroke and new targets in the development of novel therapies to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Olivia P Patsos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Frank A Strnad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Joan C Yonchek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Richard J Traystman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Schafer SM, Geuter S, Wager TD. Mechanisms of placebo analgesia: A dual-process model informed by insights from cross-species comparisons. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 160:101-122. [PMID: 29108801 PMCID: PMC5747994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Placebo treatments are pharmacologically inert, but are known to alleviate symptoms across a variety of clinical conditions. Associative learning and cognitive expectations both play important roles in placebo responses, however we are just beginning to understand how interactions between these processes lead to powerful effects. Here, we review the psychological principles underlying placebo effects and our current understanding of their brain bases, focusing on studies demonstrating both the importance of cognitive expectations and those that demonstrate expectancy-independent associative learning. To account for both forms of placebo analgesia, we propose a dual-process model in which flexible, contextually driven cognitive schemas and attributions guide associative learning processes that produce stable, long-term placebo effects. According to this model, the placebo-induction paradigms with the most powerful effects are those that combine reinforcement (e.g., the experience of reduced pain after placebo treatment) with suggestions and context cues that disambiguate learning by attributing perceived benefit to the placebo. Using this model as a conceptual scaffold, we review and compare neurobiological systems identified in both human studies of placebo analgesia and behavioral pain modulation in rodents. We identify substantial overlap between the circuits involved in human placebo analgesia and those that mediate multiple forms of context-based modulation of pain behavior in rodents, including forebrain-brainstem pathways and opioid and cannabinoid systems in particular. This overlap suggests that placebo effects are part of a set of adaptive mechanisms for shaping nociceptive signaling based on its information value and anticipated optimal response in a given behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Schafer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Stephan Geuter
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 344 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 344 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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14
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Coffeen U, Canseco-Alba A, Simón-Arceo K, Almanza A, Mercado F, León-Olea M, Pellicer F. Salvinorin A reduces neuropathic nociception in the insular cortex of the rat. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:311-318. [PMID: 28975684 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is one of the most important challenges in public health. The search for novel treatments is important for an adequate relief without adverse effects. In this sense salvinorin A (SA), the main diterpene of the medicinal plant Salvia divinorum is an important antinociceptive compound, which acts as a potent agonist of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors. METHODS We evaluated nociceptive responses in a neuropathic pain model induced by the sciatic nerve ligature (SNL) in the right hind paw, after the microinjection of SA, Salvinorin B (SB), KOR and CB1 antagonists directly in the insular cortex (IC) in male wistar rats. RESULTS We found a potent antinociceptive effect with the administration of SA. Moreover, this effect was blocked by the administration of a KOR antagonist as well as the administration of a CB1 antagonist. CONCLUSION Salvinorin A has a potent antinociceptive effect when is administered centrally in the IC by the interaction with KOR and CB1 receptors. SIGNIFICANCE We show evidence on the effectiveness of the administration of salvinorin A in the IC in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. These results support the use of novel compounds like SA as a therapeutic alternative for neuropathic pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Coffeen
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - A Canseco-Alba
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - K Simón-Arceo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - A Almanza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - F Mercado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - M León-Olea
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - F Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
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15
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Physiological profiles of cortical responses to mechanical stimulation of the tooth in the rat: An optical imaging study. Neuroscience 2017; 358:170-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Misra UK, Kalita J, Tripathi G, Bhoi SK. Role of β endorphin in pain relief following high rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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17
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Kwon M, Han J, Kim UJ, Cha M, Um SW, Bai SJ, Hong SK, Lee BH. Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling in the Insular Cortex Alleviates Neuropathic Pain after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:79. [PMID: 28377693 PMCID: PMC5359287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury of peripheral nerves can trigger neuropathic pain, producing allodynia and hyperalgesia via peripheral and central sensitization. Recent studies have focused on the role of the insular cortex (IC) in neuropathic pain. Because the IC is thought to store pain-related memories, translational regulation in this structure may reveal novel targets for controlling chronic pain. Signaling via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is known to control mRNA translation and influence synaptic plasticity, has been studied at the spinal level in neuropathic pain, but its role in the IC under these conditions remains elusive. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the role of mTOR signaling in neuropathic pain and to assess the potential therapeutic effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, in the IC of rats with neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was assessed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after neuropathic surgery and following microinjections of rapamycin into the IC on postoperative days (PODs) 3 and 7. Optical recording was conducted to observe the neural responses of the IC to peripheral stimulation. Rapamycin reduced mechanical allodynia and downregulated the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), decreased neural excitability in the IC, thereby inhibiting neuropathic pain-induced synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest that mTOR signaling in the IC may be a critical molecular mechanism modulating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Han
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Un Jeng Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Um
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Joon Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Karp Hong
- Division of Bio and Health Sciences, Mokwon University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Research Institute and Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
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18
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Opioid subtype- and cell-type-dependent regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the rat insular cortex. Neuroscience 2016; 339:478-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Zhuo M. Contribution of synaptic plasticity in the insular cortex to chronic pain. Neuroscience 2016; 338:220-229. [PMID: 27530697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies have consistently demonstrated that cortical regions are important for pain perception and pain-related emotional changes. Studies of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have shown that adult cortical synapses can be modified after peripheral injuries, and long-term changes at synaptic level may contribute to long-lasting suffering in patients. It also explains why chronic pain is resistant to conventional analgesics that act by inhibiting synaptic transmission. Insular cortex (IC), another critical cortical area, is found to be highly plastic and can undergo long-term potentiation (LTP) after injury. Inhibiting IC LTP reduces behavioral sensitization caused by injury. LTP of glutamatergic transmission in pain related cortical areas serves as a key mechanism for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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20
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Yokota E, Koyanagi Y, Nakamura H, Horinuki E, Oi Y, Kobayashi M. Opposite effects of mu and delta opioid receptor agonists on excitatory propagation induced in rat somatosensory and insular cortices by dental pulp stimulation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Nocifensive behavior-related laser heat-evoked component in the rostral agranular insular cortex revealed using morphine analgesia. Physiol Behav 2016; 154:129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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22
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Hurtado MM, García R, Puerto A. Tolerance to repeated rewarding electrical stimulation of the insular cortex. Brain Res 2016; 1630:64-72. [PMID: 26562666 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) has been related to various reinforcing behavioral processes. This study examined the effect of electrical stimulation of the posterior agranular IC on concurrent place preferences. Two groups of animals and their respective controls underwent rewarding brain stimulation every day or on alternate days. While the rats stimulated every other day maintained their preference for the place associated with brain stimulation, those stimulated every day evidenced a reduction in their place preference, suggesting tolerance to the stimulation's rewarding effect. A 15% increase in the current intensity produced a recovery of the preferences of the daily-stimulated rats but had no effect on those stimulated on alternate days. These results are discussed in terms of the rewarding effects induced by different electrical and chemical rewarding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Hurtado
- Department of Psychobiology, and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Raquel García
- Department of Psychobiology, and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Amadeo Puerto
- Department of Psychobiology, and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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23
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Imbe H, Kimura A. Repeated forced swim stress prior to complete Freund's adjuvant injection enhances mechanical hyperalgesia and attenuates the expression of pCREB and ΔFosB and the acetylation of histone H3 in the insular cortex of rat. Neuroscience 2015; 301:12-25. [PMID: 26047723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors causes substantial effects on the perception and response to pain. In several animal models, chronic stress produces hyperalgesia. The insular (IC) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) are the regions exhibiting most reliable pain-related activity. And the IC and ACC play an important role in pain modulation via descending pain modulatory system. In the present study we examined the expression of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and ΔFosB and the acetylation of histone H3 in the IC and ACC after forced swim stress (FS) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection to clarify changes in the cerebral cortices that affect the activity of the descending pain modulatory system in rats with stress-induced hyperalgesia. CFA injection into the hindpaw or FS (day 1, 10min; days 2-3, 20min) induced a significant increase in the expression of pCREB and ΔFosB and the acetylation of histone H3 in the IC. Quantitative image analysis showed that the numbers of ΔFosB-immunoreactivity (IR) cells in the bilateral anterior and posterior IC (AIC and PIC) were significantly higher in the CFA group (AIC R, 548.0±98.6; AIC L, 433.5±89.4; PIC R, 546.1±72.8; PIC L, 415.5±53.5) than those in the naive group (AIC R, 86.6±14.8; AIC L, 85.5±24.7; PIC R, 124.5±29.9; PIC L, 107.0±19.8, p<0.01). However the FS prior to the CFA injection enhanced the mechanical hyperalgesia and attenuated the expression of pCREB and ΔFosB and the acetylation of histone H3 in the IC. There was no significant difference in the numbers of ΔFosB-IR cells in the bilateral PIC between the FS+CFA and naive groups. These findings suggest neuroplasticity in the IC after the FS, which may be involved in the enhancement of CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia through dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imbe
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan.
| | - A Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
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24
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Qu CL, Huo FQ, Huang FS, Tang JS. Activation of mu-opioid receptors in the ventrolateral orbital cortex inhibits the GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 592:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Mathiasen ML, Hansen L, Witter MP. Insular projections to the parahippocampal region in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:1379-98. [PMID: 25641117 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The insular cortex is involved in the perception of interoceptive signals, coding of emotional and affective states, and processing information from gustatory, olfactory, auditory, somatosensory, and nociceptive modalities. This information represents an important component of episodic memory, mediated by the parahippocampal-hippocampal region. A comprehensive description of insular projections to the latter region is lacking. Previous studies reported that insular projections do not target any of the subdivisions in the hippocampal formation (the dentate gyus, the cornu ammonis [CA] fields 1, 2, and 3 and the subiculum), but, in contrast, target the parahippocampal region (perirhinal, postrhinal, lateral and medial entorhinal cortices, and pre- and parasubiculum). The present study examined the topographical and laminar organization of insular projections to the parahippocampal region in the rat with the use of anterograde tracing. Notably, our results corroborated the absence of hippocampal projections. We further showed that the perirhinal and the lateral entorhinal cortices received extensive projections from the insular cortex, primarily from its agranular areas. With the exception of a weak projection to the postrhinal cortex, projections to the remaining parahippocampal areas were either absent or very sparse. The projections to the lateral entorhinal cortex displayed a preference for the deep layers of its most lateral subdivisions, known also to receive hippocampal inputs. Projections to the perirhinal cortex primarily targeted the superficial layers with a preference for its ventral subdivision, referred to as area 35. Our findings indicate that only processed information, reflecting emotional and affective states, but not primary gustatory and viscerosensory information, has direct access to the parahippocampal-hippocampal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias L Mathiasen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience & Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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26
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García R, Zafra MA, Puerto A. Rewarding effects of electrical stimulation of the insular cortex: Decayed effectiveness after repeated tests and subsequent increase in vertical behavioral activity and conditioned place aversion after naloxone administration. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 118:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Lee PT, Chao PK, Ou LC, Chuang JY, Lin YC, Chen SC, Chang HF, Law PY, Loh HH, Chao YS, Su TP, Yeh SH. Morphine drives internal ribosome entry site-mediated hnRNP K translation in neurons through opioid receptor-dependent signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13012-25. [PMID: 25361975 PMCID: PMC4245930 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) binds to the promoter region of mu-opioid receptor (MOR) to regulate its transcriptional activity. How hnRNP K contributes to the analgesic effects of morphine, however, is largely unknown. We provide evidence that morphine increases hnRNP K protein expression via MOR activation in rat primary cortical neurons and HEK-293 cells expressing MORs, without increasing mRNA levels. Using the bicistronic reporter assay, we examined whether morphine-mediated accumulation of hnRNP K resulted from translational control. We identified potential internal ribosome entry site elements located in the 5′ untranslated regions of hnRNP K transcripts that were regulated by morphine. This finding suggests that internal translation contributes to the morphine-induced accumulation of hnRNP K protein in regions of the central nervous system correlated with nociceptive and antinociceptive modulatory systems in mice. Finally, we found that down-regulation of hnRNP K mediated by siRNA attenuated morphine-induced hyperpolarization of membrane potential in AtT20 cells. Silencing hnRNP K expression in the spinal cord increased nociceptive sensitivity in wild-type mice, but not in MOR-knockout mice. Thus, our findings identify the role of translational control of hnRNP K in morphine-induced analgesia through activation of MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Tse Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Kuan Chao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chin Ou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Liu MG, Zhuo M. Loss of long-term depression in the insular cortex after tail amputation in adult mice. Mol Pain 2014; 10:1. [PMID: 24398034 PMCID: PMC3912895 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is an important forebrain structure involved in pain perception and taste memory formation. Using a 64-channel multi-electrode array system, we recently identified and characterized two major forms of synaptic plasticity in the adult mouse IC: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). In this study, we investigate injury-related metaplastic changes in insular synaptic plasticity after distal tail amputation. We found that tail amputation in adult mice produced a selective loss of low frequency stimulation-induced LTD in the IC, without affecting (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-evoked LTD. The impaired insular LTD could be pharmacologically rescued by priming the IC slices with a lower dose of DHPG application, a form of metaplasticity which involves activation of protein kinase C but not protein kinase A or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. These findings provide important insights into the synaptic mechanisms of cortical changes after peripheral amputation and suggest that restoration of insular LTD may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against the synaptic dysfunctions underlying the pathophysiology of phantom pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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29
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Imbe H, Kimura A, Donishi T, Kaneoke Y. Repeated forced swim stress enhances CFA-evoked thermal hyperalgesia and affects the expressions of pCREB and c-Fos in the insular cortex. Neuroscience 2013; 259:1-11. [PMID: 24291670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stress affects brain activity and promotes long-term changes in multiple neural systems. Exposure to stressors causes substantial effects on the perception and response to pain. In several animal models, chronic stress produces lasting hyperalgesia. The insular (IC) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) are the regions exhibiting most reliable pain-related activity. And the IC and ACC play an important role in pain modulation via the descending pain modulatory system. In the present study we examined the expression of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and c-Fos in the IC and ACC after forced swim stress (FS) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection to clarify changes in the cerebral cortices that affect the activity of the descending pain modulatory system in the rats with stress-induced hyperalgesia. FS (day 1, 10min; days 2-3, 20min) induced an increase in the expression of pCREB and c-Fos in the anterior IC (AIC). CFA injection into the hindpaw after the FS shows significantly enhanced thermal hyperalgesia and induced a decrease in the expression of c-Fos in the AIC and the posterior IC (PIC). Quantitative image analysis showed that the numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the left AIC and PIC were significantly lower in the FS+CFA group (L AIC, 95.9±6.8; L PIC, 181.9±23.1) than those in the naive group (L AIC, 151.1±19.3, p<0.05; L PIC, 274.2±37.3, p<0.05). These findings suggest a neuroplastic change in the IC after FS, which may be involved in the enhancement of CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia through dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imbe
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan.
| | - A Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
| | - T Donishi
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
| | - Y Kaneoke
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
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30
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Projections from the insular cortex to pain-receptive trigeminal caudal subnucleus (medullary dorsal horn) and other lower brainstem areas in rats. Neuroscience 2013; 233:9-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Conditioned place preference induced by electrical stimulation of the insular cortex: effects of naloxone. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:165-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Liu P, Zhou G, Yang X, Liu J, Sun J, Dong M, Yuan K, Zhang Y, Qin W, Tian J. Power estimation predicts specific function action of acupuncture: an fMRI study. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 29:1059-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Tonic and phasic descending dopaminergic controls of nociceptive transmission in the medullary dorsal horn. Pain 2011; 152:1821-1831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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Macroscopic Connection Of Rat Insular Cortex: Anatomical Bases Underlying Its Physiological Functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 97:285-303. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385198-7.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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de Andrade DC, Mhalla A, Adam F, Texeira MJ, Bouhassira D. Neuropharmacological basis of rTMS-induced analgesia: the role of endogenous opioids. Pain 2010; 152:320-326. [PMID: 21146300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of endogenous opioid systems in the analgesic effects induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We compared the analgesic effects of motor cortex (M1) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation before and after naloxone or placebo treatment, in a randomized, double-blind crossover design, in healthy volunteers. Three groups of 12 volunteers were selected at random and given active stimulation (frequency 10Hz, at 80% motor threshold intensity, 1500 pulses per session) of the right M1, active stimulation of the right DLPFC, or sham stimulation, during two experimental sessions 2 weeks apart. Cold pain thresholds and the intensity of pain induced by a series of fixed-temperature cold stimuli (5, 10, and 15°C) were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of rTMS. Measurements were made at the left thenar eminence, before and 1 hour after the intravenous injection of naloxone (bolus of 0.1mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1mg/kg/h until the end of rTMS) or placebo (saline). Naloxone injection significantly decreased the analgesic effects of M1 stimulation, but did not change the effects of rTMS of the DLPFC or sham rTMS. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the involvement of endogenous opioid systems in rTMS-induced analgesia. The differential effects of naloxone on M1 and DLPFC stimulation suggest that the analgesic effects induced by the stimulation of these 2 cortical sites are mediated by different mechanisms. Endogenous opioids are shown to be involved in the analgesic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- INSERM U-987, Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen YL, Li AH, Yeh TH, Chou AH, Weng YS, Wang HL. Nocistatin excites rostral agranular insular cortex-periaqueductal gray projection neurons by enhancing transient receptor potential cation conductance via G(alphaq/11)-PLC-protein kinase C pathway. Neuroscience 2010; 168:226-39. [PMID: 20359524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) projects to periaqueductal gray (PAG) and inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission by activating PAG-rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) descending antinociceptive circuitry. Despite being generated from the same precursor prepronociceptin, nocistatin (NST) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) produce supraspinal analgesic and hyperalgesic effects, respectively. Prepronociceptin is highly expressed in the RAIC. In the present study, we hypothesized that NST and N/OFQ modulate spinal pain transmission by regulating the activity of RAIC neurons projecting to ventrolateral PAG (RAIC-PAG). This hypothesis was tested by investigating electrophysiological effects of N/OFQ and NST on RAIC-PAG projection neurons in brain slice. Retrogradely labeled RAIC-PAG projection neurons are layer V pyramidal cells and express mRNA of vesicular glutamate transporter subtype 1, a marker for glutamatergic neurons. N/OFQ hyperpolarized 25% of RAIC-PAG pyramidal neurons by enhancing inwardly rectifying potassium conductance via pertussis toxin-sensitive G(alphai/o). In contrast, NST depolarized 33% of RAIC-PAG glutamatergic neurons by causing the opening of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) cation channels through G(alphaq/11)-phospholipase C-protein kinase C pathway. There were two separate populations of RAIC-PAG pyramidal neurons, one responding to NST and the other one to N/OFQ. Our results suggest that G(alphaq/11)-coupled NST receptor mediates NST excitation of RAIC-PAG glutamatergic neurons, which is expected to cause the supraspinal analgesia by enhancing the activity of RAIC-PAG-RVM antinociceptive pathway. Opposite effects of NST and N/OFQ on supraspinal pain regulation are likely to result from their opposing effects on RAIC-PAG pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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37
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Alonso AA, Koutlas IG, Leuthold AC, Lewis SM, Georgopoulos AP. Cortical processing of facial tactile stimuli in temporomandibular disorder as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Exp Brain Res 2010; 204:33-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Imaging Pain in the Brain: The Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain Perception and Modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1300/j094v10n01_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Tang JS, Qu CL, Huo FQ. The thalamic nucleus submedius and ventrolateral orbital cortex are involved in nociceptive modulation: A novel pain modulation pathway. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 89:383-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Insular cortex representation of dynamic mechanical allodynia in trigeminal neuropathic rats. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 33:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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41
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Abstract
Pain is a complex experience encompassing sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational and cognitiv e-emotional components mediated by different mechanisms. Contrary to the traditional view that the cerebral cortex is not involved in pain perception, an extensive cortical network associated with pain processing has been revealed using multiple methods over the past decades. This network consistently includes, at least, the anterior cingulate cortex, the agranular insular cortex, the primary (SI) and secondary somatosensory (SII) cortices, the ventrolateral orbital cortex and the motor cortex. These cortical structures constitute the medial and lateral pain systems, the nucleus submedius-ventrolateral orbital cortex-periaqueductal gray system and motor cortex system, respectively. Multiple neurotransmitters, including opioid, glutamate, GABA and dopamine, are involved in the modulation of pain by these cortical structures. In addition, glial cells may also be involved in cortical modulation of pain and serve as one target for pain management research. This review discusses recent studies of pain modulation by these cerebral cortical structures in animals and human.
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Huo FQ, Chen T, Lv BC, Wang J, Zhang T, Qu CL, Li YQ, Tang JS. Synaptic connections between GABAergic elements and serotonergic terminals or projecting neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex. Cereb Cortex 2008; 19:1263-72. [PMID: 18980950 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is part of an endogenous analgesic system, consisting of the spinal cord-thalamic nucleus submedius-VLO periaqueductal gray (PAG)-spinal cord loop. The present study examined morphological connections of GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurons and serotonergic projection terminals from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), as well as the relationship between GABAergic terminals and VLO neurons projecting to the PAG, by using anterograde and retrograde tracing combined with immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy methods. Results indicate that the majority (93%) of GABAergic neurons in the VLO also express the 5-HT(1A) (5-hydroxytryptamine 1A) receptor, and serotonergic terminals originating from the DR nucleus made symmetrical synapses with GABAergic neuronal cell bodies and dendrites within the VLO. GABAergic terminals also made symmetrical synapses with neurons expressing GABA(A) receptors and projecting to the PAG. These results suggest that a local neuronal circuit, consisting of 5-HTergic terminals, GABAergic interneurons, and projection neurons, exists in the VLO, and provides morphological evidence for the hypothesis that GABAergic modulation is involved in 5-HT(1A) receptor activation-evoked antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Quan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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43
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Wood PB, Patterson JC, Jasmin LD. Insular hypometabolism in a patient with fibromyalgia: a case study. PAIN MEDICINE 2008; 9:365-70. [PMID: 18366515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated differential involvement of a variety of brain centers in fibromyalgia both at baseline and in response to stimulation. The insular cortex is one such structure. FINDINGS A 46-year-old woman with chronic widespread pain underwent positron emission tomography utilizing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose while participating as a healthy control subject in a brain imaging study. Analysis of the scan revealed metabolic hypoactivity within the left insular cortex as an incidental finding. Soon after her scan, she underwent further clinical evaluation and was subsequently diagnosed with fibromyalgia. DISCUSSION The potential contribution of insular dysfunction to the development of hyperalgesia has been demonstrated in rat models via local manipulations of dopaminergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic, and opioidergic neurotransmission within this region. Thus, our demonstration of insular hypometabolism in this patient's case may have bearing on her experience of chronic widespread pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Wood
- Department of Family Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA.
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44
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Sudbury JR, Avoli M. Epileptiform synchronization in the rat insular and perirhinal cortices in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:3571-82. [PMID: 18052975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a primary role in temporal lobe epilepsy, a common form of partial epilepsy in adults. Recent studies, however, indicate that extrahippocampal areas such as the perirhinal and insular cortices represent important participants in this epileptic disorder. By employing field potential recordings in the in vitro 4-aminopyridine model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we have investigated here the contribution of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling to epileptiform activity in these structures. First, we provide evidence of epileptiform synchronicity between the perirhinal and insular cortices, and resolve some pharmacological and network mechanisms involved in sustaining the interictal- and ictal-like discharges recorded there. Second, we report that in the absence of ionotropic glutamatergic transmission, GABAergic networks produce synchronous potentials that spread between the perirhinal and insular cortices. Finally, we have established that such activity is modulated by activating micro-opioid receptors. Our findings support clinical and experimental evidence concerning the involvement of the perirhinal and insular cortex networks in temporal lobe epilepsy, and provide observations that may impact research focussing on the role of the insular cortex in nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Sudbury
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4 QC, Canada
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45
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Coffeen U, López-Avila A, Ortega-Legaspi JM, del Angel R, López-Muñoz FJ, Pellicer F. Dopamine receptors in the anterior insular cortex modulate long-term nociception in the rat. Eur J Pain 2007; 12:535-43. [PMID: 17936656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) receives dopaminergic projections from the mesolimbic system, which has been involved in the modulation of nociceptive processes. In this study we determined the contribution of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors in the RAIC regarding nociception processing in a neuropathic pain model, as well as inflammatory articular nociception measured as pain-induced functional impairment in the rat (PIFIR). Microinjection of vehicle or substances into the RAIC was performed after the induction of nociception. The groups were treated with: a dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist (SCH-23390), a dopamine D(1) receptor agonist (SKF-38393), a dopamine D(2) receptor agonist (TNPA) and a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist (spiperone). Chronic nociception, induced by denervation, was measured by the autotomy score in which onset and incidence were also determined. The SCH-23390 and TNPA groups showed a decrease in the autotomy score and a delay on the onset as compared to control, whereas the PIFIR groups did not show statistical differences. This work shows the differential role of dopamine receptors within the RAIC in which the activation of D(2) or the blockade of D(1) receptors elicit antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Coffeen
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de Fuente, Camino a Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México D.F. CP. 14370, Mexico
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46
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Zhao M, Wang JY, Jia H, Tang JS. Roles of different subtypes of opioid receptors in mediating the ventrolateral orbital cortex opioid-induced inhibition of mirror-neuropathic pain in the rat. Neuroscience 2007; 144:1486-94. [PMID: 17184926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that opioid receptors in the prefrontal ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) are involved in anti-nociception. The aim of this current study was to examine whether opioid receptors in the VLO have effects on the hypersensitivity induced by contralateral L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), termed as mirror neuropathic pain (MNP) in the male rat. Morphine (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 microg) microinjected into the VLO contralateral to the SNL depressed the mechanical paw withdrawal assessed by von Frey filaments and the cold plate (4 degrees C)-induced paw lifting in a dose-dependent manner on the side without SNL. These effects were antagonized by microinjection of the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1.0 mug) into the same VLO site. Microinjection of endomorphin-1 (5.0 microg), a highly selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, and [d-Ala(2), d-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE, 10 microg), a delta-/mu-receptor agonist, also depressed the MNP. The effects of both drugs were blocked by selective mu-receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA, 3.75 microg), but the effect of the DADLE was not influenced by the selective delta-receptor antagonist naltrindole (5.0 microg). Microinjection of the kappa-opioid receptor agonist spiradoline mesylate salt (U-62066) (100 microg) had no effect on the MNP. These results suggest that the VLO is involved in opioid-induced inhibition of the MNP and the effect is mediated by mu- (but not delta- and kappa-) opioid receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Afferent Pathways/drug effects
- Afferent Pathways/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Functional Laterality
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Ligation
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nociceptors/drug effects
- Nociceptors/metabolism
- Pain Measurement
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/physiology
- Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy
- Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/metabolism
- Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
- Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Spinal Nerves/injuries
- Spinal Nerves/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yanta Road West 76, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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47
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Evans JM, Bey V, Burkey AR, Commons KG. Organization of endogenous opioids in the rostral agranular insular cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol 2007; 500:530-41. [PMID: 17120290 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) of rats has opioid receptors and has been implicated in the analgesic and reinforcing effects of opiates. To help in understanding the function of endogenous opioids in this structure, we sought to identify and describe the opioid peptides intrinsic to the RAIC by using immunohistochemical methods. Immunolabeling for proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor to beta-endorphin, and endomorphin 1 and 2 on sectioned rat forebrain revealed limited labeling consisting of individual varicose fibers. Immunolabeling for prodynorphin and enkephalin revealed numerous immunopositive cell bodies and fibers with distribution and morphology unique to each. Prodynorphin-immunopositive cell bodies consisted of two types: large, lightly labeled, pyramidal-shaped cell bodies in lamina V and more intensely labeled, small, ovoid cell bodies scattered in other lamina. Axonal fibers immunolabeled for prodynorphin varied in size and were found in all lamina. Immunolabeling for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was rarely found in dynorphin-containing cell bodies (6%, 10/167) but was visible within a subpopulation of axons. Enkephalin immunolabeling was detected within a single morphological subpopulation of nonpyramidal neurons located predominantly in lamina II/III, 30% (33/109) of which were also GABA immunopositive. Axons immunolabeled for enkephalin were also abundant in lamina II/III. These results suggest that dynorphin and enkephalin peptides are the predominant endogenous opioids in the RAIC and their distinct distributions suggest divergent functional roles. The localization of prodynorphin immunoreactivity to pyramidal cells suggests the possibility that this neuropeptide may be used in RAIC projection neurons, whereas enkephalin distribution was more characteristic of a role in local networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Evans
- University of Pennsylvania, Undergraduate Program in Cognitive Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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48
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Hamlin AS, Blatchford KE, McNally GP. Renewal of an extinguished instrumental response: Neural correlates and the role of D1 dopamine receptors. Neuroscience 2006; 143:25-38. [PMID: 16949214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Contexts play an important role in controlling the expression of extinguished behaviors. We used an ABA renewal design to study the neural correlates, and role of D1 dopamine receptors, in contextual control over extinguished instrumental responding. Rats were trained to respond for a sucrose reward in one context (A). Responding was then extinguished in the same (A) or different (B) context. Rats were tested for responding in the original training context (A). Return to the original training context after extinction (group ABA) was associated with a return of responding. Three distinct patterns of Fos induction were detected on test: 1) ABA renewal was associated with selective increases in c-Fos protein induction in basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus (but not in orexin- or melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-hypothalamic neurons); 2) being placed in the same context as extinction training (AAA or ABB) was associated with a selective decrease in c-Fos induction in rostral agranular insular cortex; 3) being placed in any context on test was associated with the up-regulation of c-Fos induction in anterior cingulate, dorsomedial accumbens shell, accumbens core, lateral septum, and substantia nigra. The return of responding in ABA renewal was prevented by pre-treatment with the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 (10 microg/kg; s.c.). SCH23390 also suppressed basal and renewal-associated c-Fos protein induction throughout accumbens, and, selectively suppressed renewal-associated c-Fos induction in lateral hypothalamus. These results suggest that renewal of extinguished responding for a sucrose reward depends on a distributed neural circuit involving basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus. D1 dopamine receptors within this circuit are essential for renewal. The results also suggest that rostral agranular insular cortex may play an important role in suppressing reward-seeking after extinction training.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hamlin
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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49
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Zhao M, Wang JY, Jia H, Tang JS. μ- but not δ- and κ-opioid receptors in the ventrolateral orbital cortex mediate opioid-induced antiallodynia in a rat neuropathic pain model. Brain Res 2006; 1076:68-77. [PMID: 16476416 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is involved in opioid-mediated antinociception in the tail flick test and formalin test. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of opioids microinjected into the VLO on allodynia in the rat L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain and determine the roles of different subtypes of opioid receptors in this effect. The allodynia was assessed by both mechanical (von Frey filaments) and cold plate (4 degrees C) stimuli. Morphine (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 microg) microinjected into the VLO contralateral to the nerve ligation dose-dependently depressed the mechanical and cold allodynia and these effects were reversed by nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1.0 microg) administrated into the same site. Microinjection of endomorphin-1 (5.0 microg), a highly selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE, 10 microg), a delta-/mu-opioid receptor agonist, also depressed the allodynia, and the effects of both drugs were blocked by selective mu-receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA, 3.75 microg), but the effects of DADLE were not influenced by the selective delta-receptor antagonist naltrindole (5.0 microg). Microinjection of U-62066 (100 microg), a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, into the VLO had no effect on the allodynia. These results suggest that the VLO is involved in opioid-induced antiallodynia and mu- but not delta- and kappa-opioid receptor mediates these effects in the rat with neuropathic pain.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Male
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/etiology
- Pain/psychology
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Physical Stimulation
- Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Spinal Cord Injuries/complications
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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50
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Qu CL, Tang JS, Jia H. Involvement of GABAergic modulation of antinociception induced by morphine microinjected into the ventrolateral orbital cortex. Brain Res 2006; 1073-1074:281-9. [PMID: 16448630 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that microinjection of morphine into the prefrontal ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) produces antinociception. The current study examined whether gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) containing neurons in the VLO were involved in this antinociception. Under light anesthesia, the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline and picrotoxin or agonist muscimol and THIP was microinjected into the VLO in non-morphine-treated (control) and morphine-treated (microinjection into the VLO) rats. Noxious heat-evoked tail flick (TF) latencies (TFLs) were measured in all of these groups of rats every 5 min. Bicuculline or picrotoxin (100, 200, 500 ng in 0.5 microl) depressed the TF reflex in a dose-related fashion. A smaller dose (100 ng) of bicuculline or picrotoxin microinjected into VLO significantly enhanced the VLO morphine-evoked inhibition of the TF reflex. In contrast, administration of muscimol (250 ng) or THIP (1.0 microg) significantly attenuated the morphine-induced antinociception in the VLO morphine-treated rats. These results suggest that the GABA(A) receptor is involved in the modulation of VLO morphine-induced antinociception, and provide a behavioral support for the hypothesis that morphine may directly inhibit the GABAergic inhibitory interneurons leading to indirect activation of the descending antinociceptive pathway through a disinhibitory effect on the VLO output neurons and depression of the nociceptive inputs at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ling Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, The People's Republic of China
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