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Moreno-Manuel AI, Macías Á, Cruz FM, Gutiérrez LK, Martínez F, González-Guerra A, Martínez Carrascoso I, Bermúdez-Jimenez FJ, Sánchez-Pérez P, Vera-Pedrosa ML, Ruiz-Robles JM, Bernal JA, Jalife J. The Kir2.1E299V mutation increases atrial fibrillation vulnerability while protecting the ventricles against arrhythmias in a mouse model of short QT syndrome type 3. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:490-505. [PMID: 38261726 PMCID: PMC11060485 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Short QT syndrome type 3 (SQTS3) is a rare arrhythmogenic disease caused by gain-of-function mutations in KCNJ2, the gene coding the inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1. We used a multidisciplinary approach and investigated arrhythmogenic mechanisms in an in-vivo model of de-novo mutation Kir2.1E299V identified in a patient presenting an extremely abbreviated QT interval and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS We used intravenous adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to generate mouse models, and confirmed cardiac-specific expression of Kir2.1WT or Kir2.1E299V. On ECG, the Kir2.1E299V mouse recapitulated the QT interval shortening and the atrial-specific arrhythmia of the patient. The PR interval was also significantly shorter in Kir2.1E299V mice. Patch-clamping showed extremely abbreviated action potentials in both atrial and ventricular Kir2.1E299V cardiomyocytes due to a lack of inward-going rectification and increased IK1 at voltages positive to -80 mV. Relative to Kir2.1WT, atrial Kir2.1E299V cardiomyocytes had a significantly reduced slope conductance at voltages negative to -80 mV. After confirming a higher proportion of heterotetrameric Kir2.x channels containing Kir2.2 subunits in the atria, in-silico 3D simulations predicted an atrial-specific impairment of polyamine block and reduced pore diameter in the Kir2.1E299V-Kir2.2WT channel. In ventricular cardiomyocytes, the mutation increased excitability by shifting INa activation and inactivation in the hyperpolarizing direction, which protected the ventricle against arrhythmia. Moreover, Purkinje myocytes from Kir2.1E299V mice manifested substantially higher INa density than Kir2.1WT, explaining the abbreviation in the PR interval. CONCLUSION The first in-vivo mouse model of cardiac-specific SQTS3 recapitulates the electrophysiological phenotype of a patient with the Kir2.1E299V mutation. Kir2.1E299V eliminates rectification in both cardiac chambers but protects against ventricular arrhythmias by increasing excitability in both Purkinje-fiber network and ventricles. Consequently, the predominant arrhythmias are supraventricular likely due to the lack of inward rectification and atrial-specific reduced pore diameter of the Kir2.1E299V-Kir2.2WT heterotetramer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Action Potentials
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Atrial Fibrillation/genetics
- Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology
- Atrial Fibrillation/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heart Rate/genetics
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phenotype
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Moreno-Manuel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Macías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lilian K Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés González-Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez Carrascoso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Bermúdez-Jimenez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Robles
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 4810, USA
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2
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Banderali U, Moreno M, Martina M. The elusive Na v1.7: From pain to cancer. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2023; 92:47-69. [PMID: 38007269 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are protein complexes that play fundamental roles in the transmission of signals in the nervous system, at the neuromuscular junction and in the heart. They are mainly present in excitable cells where they are responsible for triggering action potentials. Dysfunctions in Nav ion conduction give rise to a wide range of conditions, including neurological disorders, hypertension, arrhythmia, pain and cancer. Nav family 1 is composed of nine members, named numerically from 1 to 9. A Nax family also exists and is involved in body-fluid homeostasis. Of particular interest is Nav1.7 which is highly expressed in the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglions, where it is involved in the propagation of pain sensation. Gain-of-function mutations in Nav1.7 cause pathologies associated with increased pain sensitivity, while loss-of-function mutations cause reduced sensitivity to pain. The last decade has seen considerable effort in developing highly specific Nav1.7 blockers as pain medications, nonetheless, sufficient efficacy has yet to be achieved. Evidence is now conclusively showing that Navs are also present in many types of cancer cells, where they are involved in cell migration and invasiveness. Nav1.7 is anomalously expressed in endometrial, ovarian and lung cancers. Nav1.7 is also involved in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). We propose that the knowledge and tools developed to study the role of Nav1.7 in pain can be exploited to develop novel cancer therapies. In this chapter, we illustrate the various aspects of Nav1.7 function in pain, cancer and CIPN, and outline therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Banderali
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Maria Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marzia Martina
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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3
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Ion Channels of the Sarcolemma and Intracellular Organelles in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Role in the Dysregulation of Ion Homeostasis and a Possible Target for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032229. [PMID: 36768550 PMCID: PMC9917149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein and a properly functioning dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) in muscle cells. DAPC components act as molecular scaffolds coordinating the assembly of various signaling molecules including ion channels. DMD shows a significant change in the functioning of the ion channels of the sarcolemma and intracellular organelles and, above all, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria regulating ion homeostasis, which is necessary for the correct excitation and relaxation of muscles. This review is devoted to the analysis of current data on changes in the structure, functioning, and regulation of the activity of ion channels in striated muscles in DMD and their contribution to the disruption of muscle function and the development of pathology. We note the prospects of therapy based on targeting the channels of the sarcolemma and organelles for the correction and alleviation of pathology, and the problems that arise in the interpretation of data obtained on model dystrophin-deficient objects.
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4
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Manuel AIM, Gutiérrez LK, Pedrosa MLV, Uréndez FMC, Jiménez FJB, Carrascoso IM, Pérez PS, Macías Á, Jalife J. Molecular stratification of arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the Andersen Tawil Syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:919-932. [PMID: 35892314 PMCID: PMC10153646 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Andersen Tawil Syndrome (ATS) is a rare inheritable disease associated with loss-of-function mutations in KCNJ2, the gene coding the strong inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1, which forms an essential membrane protein controlling cardiac excitability. ATS is usually marked by a triad of periodic paralysis, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and dysmorphic features, but its expression is variable and not all patients with a phenotype linked to ATS have a known genetic alteration. The mechanisms underlying this arrhythmogenic syndrome are poorly understood. Knowing such mechanisms would be essential to distinguish ATS from other channelopathies with overlapping phenotypes and to develop individualized therapies. For example, the recently suggested role of Kir2.1 as a countercurrent to sarcoplasmic calcium reuptake might explain the arrhythmogenic mechanisms of ATS and its overlap with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Here we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms of arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death in ATS. We first provide an overview of the syndrome and its pathophysiology, from the patient´s bedside to the protein, and discuss the role of essential regulators and interactors that could play a role in cases of ATS. The review highlights novel ideas related to some post-translational channel interactions with partner proteins that might help define the molecular bases of the arrhythmia phenotype. We then propose a new all-embracing classification of the currently known ATS loss-of-function mutations according to their position in the Kir2.1 channel structure and their functional implications. We also discuss specific ATS pathogenic variants, their clinical manifestations and treatment stratification. The goal is to provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of the syndrome toward the development of novel targets and personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian K Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco José Bermúdez Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, GranadaSpain
| | | | - Patricia Sánchez Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Macías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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Valenzuela IMPY, Chen PJ, Barden J, Kosloski O, Akaaboune M. Distinct roles of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex: α-dystrobrevin and α-syntrophin in the maintenance of the postsynaptic apparatus of the neuromuscular synapse. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2370-2385. [PMID: 35157076 PMCID: PMC9307313 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
α-syntrophin (α-syn) and α-dystrobrevin (α-dbn), two components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, are essential for the maturation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and mice deficient in either α-syn or α-dbn exhibit similar synaptic defects. However, the functional link between these two proteins and whether they exert distinct or redundant functions in the postsynaptic organization of the NMJ remain largely unknown. We generated and analyzed the synaptic phenotype of double heterozygote (α-dbn+/-, α-syn+/-), and double homozygote knockout (α-dbn-/-; α-syn-/-) mice and examined the ability of individual molecules to restore their defects in the synaptic phenotype. We showed that in double heterozygote mice, NMJs have normal synaptic phenotypes and no signs of muscular dystrophy. However, in double knockout mice (α-dbn-/-; α-syn-/-), the synaptic phenotype (the density, the turnover and the distribution of AChRs within synaptic branches) is more severely impaired than in single α-dbn-/- or α-syn-/- mutants. Furthermore, double mutant and single α-dbn-/- mutant mice showed more severe exercise-induced fatigue and more significant reductions in grip strength than single α-syn-/- mutant and wild-type. Finally, we showed that the overexpression of the transgene α-syn-GFP in muscles of double mutant restores primarily the abnormal extensions of membrane containing AChRs that extend beyond synaptic gutters and lack synaptic folds, whereas the overexpression of α-dbn essentially restores the abnormal dispersion of patchy AChR aggregates in the crests of synaptic folds. Altogether, these data suggest that α-syn and α-dbn act in parallel pathways and exert distinct functions on the postsynaptic structural organization of NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Po-Ju Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph Barden
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia Kosloski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Akaaboune
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Jimenez-Vazquez EN, Arad M, Macías Á, Vera-Pedrosa ML, Cruz FM, Gutierrez LK, Cuttitta AJ, Monteiro da Rocha A, Herron TJ, Ponce-Balbuena D, Guerrero-Serna G, Binah O, Michele DE, Jalife J. SNTA1 gene rescues ion channel function and is antiarrhythmic in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from muscular dystrophy patients. eLife 2022; 11:e76576. [PMID: 35762211 PMCID: PMC9239678 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cardiomyopathy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are at risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias, but the mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the role of ion channels controlling cardiac excitability in the mechanisms of arrhythmias in DMD patients. Methods To test whether dystrophin mutations lead to defective cardiac NaV1.5-Kir2.1 channelosomes and arrhythmias, we generated iPSC-CMs from two hemizygous DMD males, a heterozygous female, and two unrelated control males. We conducted studies including confocal microscopy, protein expression analysis, patch-clamping, non-viral piggy-bac gene expression, optical mapping and contractility assays. Results Two patients had abnormal ECGs with frequent runs of ventricular tachycardia. iPSC-CMs from all DMD patients showed abnormal action potential profiles, slowed conduction velocities, and reduced sodium (INa) and inward rectifier potassium (IK1) currents. Membrane NaV1.5 and Kir2.1 protein levels were reduced in hemizygous DMD iPSC-CMs but not in heterozygous iPSC-CMs. Remarkably, transfecting just one component of the dystrophin protein complex (α1-syntrophin) in hemizygous iPSC-CMs from one patient restored channelosome function, INa and IK1 densities, and action potential profile in single cells. In addition, α1-syntrophin expression restored impulse conduction and contractility and prevented reentrant arrhythmias in hiPSC-CM monolayers. Conclusions We provide the first demonstration that iPSC-CMs reprogrammed from skin fibroblasts of DMD patients with cardiomyopathy have a dysfunction of the NaV1.5-Kir2.1 channelosome, with consequent reduction of cardiac excitability and conduction. Altogether, iPSC-CMs from patients with DMD cardiomyopathy have a NaV1.5-Kir2.1 channelosome dysfunction, which can be rescued by the scaffolding protein α1-syntrophin to restore excitability and prevent arrhythmias. Funding Supported by National Institutes of Health R01 HL122352 grant; 'la Caixa' Banking Foundation (HR18-00304); Fundación La Marató TV3: Ayudas a la investigación en enfermedades raras 2020 (LA MARATO-2020); Instituto de Salud Carlos III/FEDER/FSE; Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme GA-965286 to JJ; the CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation), and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship 19POST34380706s to JVEN. Israel Science Foundation to OB and MA [824/19]. Rappaport grant [01012020RI]; and Niedersachsen Foundation [ZN3452] to OB; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) to OB and TH [2019039]; Dr. Bernard Lublin Donation to OB; and The Duchenne Parent Project Netherlands (DPPNL 2029771) to OB. National Institutes of Health R01 AR068428 to DM and US-Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant [2013032] to DM and OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Jimenez-Vazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Álvaro Macías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Maria L Vera-Pedrosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Francisco Miguel Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Lilian K Gutierrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Ashley J Cuttitta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - André Monteiro da Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Todd J Herron
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Ofer Binah
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - José Jalife
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
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7
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Daimi H, Lozano-Velasco E, Aranega A, Franco D. Genomic and Non-Genomic Regulatory Mechanisms of the Cardiac Sodium Channel in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1381. [PMID: 35163304 PMCID: PMC8835759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is the predominant cardiac sodium channel subtype, encoded by the SCN5A gene, which is involved in the initiation and conduction of action potentials throughout the heart. Along its biosynthesis process, Nav1.5 undergoes strict genomic and non-genomic regulatory and quality control steps that allow only newly synthesized channels to reach their final membrane destination and carry out their electrophysiological role. These regulatory pathways are ensured by distinct interacting proteins that accompany the nascent Nav1.5 protein along with different subcellular organelles. Defects on a large number of these pathways have a tremendous impact on Nav1.5 functionality and are thus intimately linked to cardiac arrhythmias. In the present review, we provide current state-of-the-art information on the molecular events that regulate SCN5A/Nav1.5 and the cardiac channelopathies associated with defects in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Daimi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
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8
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Garrido A, Santamaría E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Soto M, Simonet C, Fernández M, Obiang D, Tolosa E, Martí MJ, Padmanabhan S, Malagelada C, Ezquerra M, Fernández-Santiago R. Differential Phospho-Signatures in Blood Cells Identify LRRK2 G2019S Carriers in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1004-1015. [PMID: 35049090 PMCID: PMC9306798 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinicopathological phenotype of G2019S LRRK2‐associated Parkinson's disease (L2PD) is similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), and G2019S LRRK2 nonmanifesting carriers (L2NMCs) are at increased risk for development of PD. With various therapeutic strategies in the clinical and preclinical pipeline, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that can aid early diagnosis and patient enrichment for ongoing and future LRRK2‐targeted trials. Objective The objective of this work was to investigate differential protein and phospho‐protein changes related to G2019S mutant LRRK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from G2019S L2PD patients and G2019S L2NMCs, identify specific phospho‐protein changes associated with the G2019S mutation and with disease status, and compare findings with patients with iPD. Methods We performed an unbiased phospho‐proteomic study by isobaric label–based mass spectrometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cell group pools from a LRRK2 cohort from Spain encompassing patients with G2019S L2PD (n = 20), G2019S L2NMCs (n = 20), healthy control subjects (n = 30), patients with iPD (n = 15), patients with R1441G L2PD (n = 5), and R1441G L2NMCs (n = 3) (total N = 93). Results Comparing G2019S carriers with healthy controls, we identified phospho‐protein changes associated with the G2019S mutation. Moreover, we uncovered a specific G2019S phospho‐signature that changes with disease status and can discriminate patients with G2019S L2PD, G2019S L2NMCs, and healthy controls. Although patients with iPD showed a differential phospho‐proteomic profile, biological enrichment analyses revealed similar changes in deregulated pathways across the three groups. Conclusions We found a differential phospho‐signature associated with LRRK2 G2019S for which, consistent with disease status, the phospho‐profile from PD at‐risk G2019S L2NMCs was more similar to healthy controls than patients with G2019S L2PD with the manifested disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Garrido
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Marta Soto
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Simonet
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Group of the Institut de Neurociències (Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Donina Obiang
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-José Martí
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shalini Padmanabhan
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Lab of Parkinson Disease & Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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9
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Morris CE, Wheeler JJ, Joos B. The Donnan-dominated resting state of skeletal muscle fibers contributes to resilience and longevity in dystrophic fibers. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:212743. [PMID: 34731883 PMCID: PMC8570295 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked dystrophin-minus muscle-wasting disease. Ion homeostasis in skeletal muscle fibers underperforms as DMD progresses. But though DMD renders these excitable cells intolerant of exertion, sodium overloaded, depolarized, and spontaneously contractile, they can survive for several decades. We show computationally that underpinning this longevity is a strikingly frugal, robust Pump-Leak/Donnan (P-L/D) ion homeostatic process. Unlike neurons, which operate with a costly “Pump-Leak–dominated” ion homeostatic steady state, skeletal muscle fibers operate with a low-cost “Donnan-dominated” ion homeostatic steady state that combines a large chloride permeability with an exceptionally small sodium permeability. Simultaneously, this combination keeps fiber excitability low and minimizes pump expenditures. As mechanically active, long-lived multinucleate cells, skeletal muscle fibers have evolved to handle overexertion, sarcolemmal tears, ischemic bouts, etc.; the frugality of their Donnan dominated steady state lets them maintain the outsized pump reserves that make them resilient during these inevitable transient emergencies. Here, P-L/D model variants challenged with DMD-type insult/injury (low pump-strength, overstimulation, leaky Nav and cation channels) show how chronic “nonosmotic” sodium overload (observed in DMD patients) develops. Profoundly severe DMD ion homeostatic insult/injury causes spontaneous firing (and, consequently, unwanted excitation–contraction coupling) that elicits cytotoxic swelling. Therefore, boosting operational pump-strength and/or diminishing sodium and cation channel leaks should help extend DMD fiber longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Morris
- Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Center for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Béla Joos
- Center for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Nicole S, Lory P. New Challenges Resulting From the Loss of Function of Na v1.4 in Neuromuscular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751095. [PMID: 34671263 PMCID: PMC8521073 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.4 is a major actor in the excitability of skeletal myofibers, driving the muscle force in response to nerve stimulation. Supporting further this key role, mutations in SCN4A, the gene encoding the pore-forming α subunit of Nav1.4, are responsible for a clinical spectrum of human diseases ranging from muscle stiffness (sodium channel myotonia, SCM) to muscle weakness. For years, only dominantly-inherited diseases resulting from Nav1.4 gain of function (GoF) were known, i.e., non-dystrophic myotonia (delayed muscle relaxation due to myofiber hyperexcitability), paramyotonia congenita and hyperkalemic or hypokalemic periodic paralyses (episodic flaccid muscle weakness due to transient myofiber hypoexcitability). These last 5 years, SCN4A mutations inducing Nav1.4 loss of function (LoF) were identified as the cause of dominantly and recessively-inherited disorders with muscle weakness: periodic paralyses with hypokalemic attacks, congenital myasthenic syndromes and congenital myopathies. We propose to name this clinical spectrum sodium channel weakness (SCW) as the mirror of SCM. Nav1.4 LoF as a cause of permanent muscle weakness was quite unexpected as the Na+ current density in the sarcolemma is large, securing the ability to generate and propagate muscle action potentials. The properties of SCN4A LoF mutations are well documented at the channel level in cellular electrophysiological studies However, much less is known about the functional consequences of Nav1.4 LoF in skeletal myofibers with no available pertinent cell or animal models. Regarding the therapeutic issues for Nav1.4 channelopathies, former efforts were aimed at developing subtype-selective Nav channel antagonists to block myofiber hyperexcitability. Non-selective, Nav channel blockers are clinically efficient in SCM and paramyotonia congenita, whereas patient education and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are helpful to prevent attacks in periodic paralyses. Developing therapeutic tools able to counteract Nav1.4 LoF in skeletal muscles is then a new challenge in the field of Nav channelopathies. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding Nav1.4 LoF and discuss the possible therapeutic strategies to be developed in order to improve muscle force in SCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nicole
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics (ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics (ICST), Montpellier, France
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11
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Sun J, Frishman D. Improved sequence-based prediction of interaction sites in α-helical transmembrane proteins by deep learning. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1512-1530. [PMID: 33815689 PMCID: PMC7985279 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and accurate prediction of transmembrane protein interaction sites. First ever computational survey of interaction sites in membrane proteins. 10-30% of amino acid positions predicted to be involved in interactions.
Interactions between transmembrane (TM) proteins are fundamental for a wide spectrum of cellular functions, but precise molecular details of these interactions remain largely unknown due to the scarcity of experimentally determined three-dimensional complex structures. Computational techniques are therefore required for a large-scale annotation of interaction sites in TM proteins. Here, we present a novel deep-learning approach, DeepTMInter, for sequence-based prediction of interaction sites in α-helical TM proteins based on their topological, physiochemical, and evolutionary properties. Using a combination of ultra-deep residual neural networks with a stacked generalization ensemble technique DeepTMInter significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving the AUC/AUCPR values of 0.689/0.598. Across the main functional families of human transmembrane proteins, the percentage of amino acid sites predicted to be involved in interactions typically ranges between 10% and 25%, and up to 30% in ion channels. DeepTMInter is available as a standalone package at https://github.com/2003100127/deeptminter. The training and benchmarking datasets are available at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/2t8kgwzp35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftzentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftzentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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12
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Murphy S, Zweyer M, Sabir H, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. The Dystrophin Node as Integrator of Cytoskeletal Organization, Lateral Force Transmission, Fiber Stability and Cellular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Proteomes 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33540575 PMCID: PMC7931087 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic bioanalytical characterization of the protein product of the DMD gene, which is defective in the pediatric disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy, led to the discovery of the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Its full-length muscle isoform Dp427-M is tightly linked to a sarcolemma-associated complex consisting of dystroglycans, sarcoglyans, sarcospan, dystrobrevins and syntrophins. Besides these core members of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, the wider dystrophin-associated network includes key proteins belonging to the intracellular cytoskeleton and microtubular assembly, the basal lamina and extracellular matrix, various plasma membrane proteins and cytosolic components. Here, we review the central role of the dystrophin complex as a master node in muscle fibers that integrates cytoskeletal organization and cellular signaling at the muscle periphery, as well as providing sarcolemmal stabilization and contractile force transmission to the extracellular region. The combination of optimized tissue extraction, subcellular fractionation, advanced protein co-purification strategies, immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics has confirmed the composition of the core dystrophin complex at the sarcolemma membrane. Importantly, these biochemical and mass spectrometric surveys have identified additional members of the wider dystrophin network including biglycan, cavin, synemin, desmoglein, tubulin, plakoglobin, cytokeratin and a variety of signaling proteins and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sandra Murphy
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE24HH, UK;
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, D53113 Bonn, Germany; (M.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, D53113 Bonn, Germany; (M.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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13
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Persiconi I, Cosmi F, Guadagno NA, Lupo G, De Stefano ME. Dystrophin Is Required for the Proper Timing in Retinal Histogenesis: A Thorough Investigation on the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:760. [PMID: 32982660 PMCID: PMC7487415 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-linked muscular disease caused by defective expression of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin (Dp427). Selected autonomic and central neurons, including retinal neurons, express Dp427 and/or dystrophin shorter isoforms. Because of this, DMD patients may also experience different forms of cognitive impairment, neurological and autonomic disorders, and specific visual defects. DMD-related damages to the nervous system are established during development, suggesting a role for all dystrophin isoforms in neural circuit development and differentiation; however, to date, their function in retinogenesis has never been investigated. In this large-scale study, we analyzed whether the lack of Dp427 affects late retinogenesis in the mdx mouse, the most well studied animal model of DMD. Retinal gene expression and layer maturation, as well as neural cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, were evaluated in E18 and/or P0, P5, P10, and adult mice. In mdx mice, expression of Capn3, Id3 (E18-P5), and Dtnb (P5) genes, encoding proteins involved in different aspects of retina development and synaptogenesis (e.g., Calpain 3, DNA-binding protein inhibitor-3, and β-dystrobrevin, respectively), was transiently reduced compared to age-matched wild type mice. Concomitantly, a difference in the time required for the retinal ganglion cell layer to reach appropriate thickness was observed (P0–P5). Immunolabeling for specific cell markers also evidenced a significant dysregulation in the number of GABAergic amacrine cells (P5–P10), a transient decrease in the area immunopositive for the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 (VGluT1) during ribbon synapse maturation (P10) and a reduction in the number of calretinin+ retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) (adults). Finally, the number of proliferating retinal progenitor cells (P5–P10) and apoptotic cells (P10) was reduced. These results support the hypothesis of a role for Dp427 during late retinogenesis different from those proposed in consolidated neural circuits. In particular, Dp427 may be involved in shaping specific steps of retina differentiation. Notably, although most of the above described quantitative alterations recover over time, the number of calretinin+ RGCs is reduced only in the mature retina. This suggests that alterations subtler than the timing of retinal maturation may occur, a hypothesis that demands further in-depth functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Persiconi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Cosmi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Egle De Stefano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Research in Neurobiology "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex on the neuromuscular system. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Peles E. The clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels in various excitable membranes. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:427-437. [PMID: 31859465 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In excitable membranes, the clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) serves to enhance excitability at critical sites. The two most profoundly studied sites of channel clustering are the axon initial segment, where action potentials are generated and the node of Ranvier, where action potentials propagate along myelinated axons. The clustering of VGSC is found, however, in other highly excitable sites such as axonal terminals, postsynaptic membranes of dendrites and muscle fibers, and pre-myelinated axons. In this review, different examples of axonal as well as non-axonal clustering of VGSC are discussed and the underlying mechanisms are compared. Whether the clustering of channels is intrinsically or extrinsically induced, it depends on the submembranous actin-based cytoskeleton that organizes these highly specialized membrane microdomains through specific adaptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Kim MJ, Whitehead NP, Bible KL, Adams ME, Froehner SC. Mice lacking α-, β1- and β2-syntrophins exhibit diminished function and reduced dystrophin expression in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:386-395. [PMID: 30256963 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of modular adaptor proteins that are part of the dystrophin protein complex, where they recruit and anchor a variety of signaling proteins. Previously we generated mice lacking α- and/or β2-syntrophin but showed that in the absence of one isoform, other syntrophin isoforms can partially compensate. Therefore, in the current study, we generated mice that lacked α, β1 and β2-syntrophins [triple syntrophin knockout (tKO) mice] and assessed skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The tKO mice showed a profound reduction in voluntary wheel running activity at both 6 and 12 months of age. Function of the tibialis anterior was assessed in situ and we found that the specific force of tKO muscle was decreased by 20-25% compared with wild-type mice. This decrease was accompanied by a shift in fiber-type composition from fast 2B to more oxidative fast 2A fibers. Using echocardiography to measure cardiac function, it was revealed that tKO hearts had left ventricular cardiac dysfunction and were hypertrophic, with a thicker left ventricular posterior wall. Interestingly, we also found that membrane-localized dystrophin expression was lower in both skeletal and cardiac muscles of tKO mice. Since dystrophin mRNA levels were not different in tKO, this finding suggests that syntrophins may regulate dystrophin trafficking to, or stabilization at, the sarcolemma. These results show that the loss of all three major muscle syntrophins has a profound effect on exercise performance, and skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction contributes to this deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Bible
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Bhat SS, Ali R, Khanday FA. Syntrophins entangled in cytoskeletal meshwork: Helping to hold it all together. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12562. [PMID: 30515904 PMCID: PMC6496184 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of 59 kDa peripheral membrane-associated adapter proteins, containing multiple protein-protein and protein-lipid interaction domains. The syntrophin family consists of five isoforms that exhibit specific tissue distribution, distinct sub-cellular localization and unique expression patterns implying their diverse functional roles. These syntrophin isoforms form multiple functional protein complexes and ensure proper localization of signalling proteins and their binding partners to specific membrane domains and provide appropriate spatiotemporal regulation of signalling pathways. Syntrophins consist of two PH domains, a PDZ domain and a conserved SU domain. The PH1 domain is split by the PDZ domain. The PH2 and the SU domain are involved in the interaction between syntrophin and the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Syntrophins recruit various signalling proteins to DGC and link extracellular matrix to internal signalling apparatus via DGC. The different domains of the syntrophin isoforms are responsible for modulation of cytoskeleton. Syntrophins associate with cytoskeletal proteins and lead to various cellular responses by modulating the cytoskeleton. Syntrophins are involved in many physiological processes which involve cytoskeletal reorganization like insulin secretion, blood pressure regulation, myogenesis, cell migration, formation and retraction of focal adhesions. Syntrophins have been implicated in various pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, muscular dystrophy, cancer. Their role in cytoskeletal organization and modulation makes them perfect candidates for further studies in various cancers and other ailments that involve cytoskeletal modulation. The role of syntrophins in cytoskeletal organization and modulation has not yet been comprehensively reviewed till now. This review focuses on syntrophins and highlights their role in cytoskeletal organization, modulation and dynamics via its involvement in different cell signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S. Bhat
- Division of BiotechnologySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Roshia Ali
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
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18
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Ye R, Onodera T, Blanchard PG, Kusminski CM, Esser V, Brekken RA, Scherer PE. β1 Syntrophin Supports Autophagy Initiation and Protects against Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:813-825. [PMID: 30653956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of proteins forming membrane-anchored scaffolds and serving as adaptors for various transmembrane and intracellular signaling molecules. To understand the physiological roles of β1 syntrophin, one of the least characterized members, we generated mouse models to eliminate β1 syntrophin specifically in the endocrine or exocrine pancreas. β1 syntrophin is dispensable for the morphology and function of insulin-producing β cells. However, mice with β1 syntrophin deletion in exocrine acinar cells exhibit increased severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Reduced expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and dilation of acinar lumen are potential predisposition factors. During the disease progression, a relative lack of autophagy is associated with deficiencies in both actin assembly and endoplasmic reticulum nucleation. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that β1 syntrophin is a critical regulator of actin cytoskeleton and autophagy in pancreatic acinar cells and is potently protective against cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pierre-Gilles Blanchard
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Victoria Esser
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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19
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Dash B, Han C, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. Nonmuscle myosin II isoforms interact with sodium channel alpha subunits. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918788638. [PMID: 29956586 PMCID: PMC6052497 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918788638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium channels play pivotal roles in health and diseases due to their ability to control cellular excitability. The pore-forming α-subunits (sodium channel alpha subunits) of the voltage-sensitive channels (i.e., Nav1.1–1.9) and the nonvoltage-dependent channel (i.e., Nax) share a common structural motif and selectivity for sodium ions. We hypothesized that the actin-based nonmuscle myosin II motor proteins, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-IIA/myh9, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-IIB/myh10 might interact with sodium channel alpha subunits to play an important role in their transport, trafficking, and/or function. Immunochemical and electrophysiological assays were conducted using rodent nervous (brain and dorsal root ganglia) tissues and ND7/23 cells coexpressing Nav subunits and recombinant myosins. Immunoprecipitation of myh9 and myh10 from rodent brain tissues led to the coimmunoprecipitation of Nax, Nav1.2, and Nav1.3 subunits, but not Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 subunits, expressed there. Similarly, immunoprecipitation of myh9 and myh10 from rodent dorsal root ganglia tissues led to the coimmunoprecipitation of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 subunits, but not Nav1.9 subunits, expressed there. The functional implication of one of these interactions was assessed by coexpressing myh10 along with Nav1.8 subunits in ND7/23 cells. Myh10 overexpression led to three-fold increase (P < 0.01) in the current density of Nav1.8 channels expressed in ND7/23 cells. Myh10 coexpression also hyperpolarized voltage-dependent activation and steady-state fast inactivation of Nav1.8 channels. In addition, coexpression of myh10 reduced (P < 0.01) the offset of fast inactivation and the amplitude of the ramp currents of Nav1.8 channels. These results indicate that nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-IIs interact with sodium channel alpha subunits subunits in an isoform-dependent manner and influence their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirathi Dash
- 1 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chongyang Han
- 1 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- 1 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- 1 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Leyva-Leyva M, Sandoval A, Felix R, González-Ramírez R. Biochemical and Functional Interplay Between Ion Channels and the Components of the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:535-550. [PMID: 29779049 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a cytoskeleton-linked membrane protein that binds to a larger multiprotein assembly called the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). The deficiency of dystrophin or the components of the DGC results in the loss of connection between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix with significant pathophysiological implications in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as in the nervous system. Although the DGC plays an important role in maintaining membrane stability, it can also be considered as a versatile and flexible molecular complex that contribute to the cellular organization and dynamics of a variety of proteins at specific locations in the plasma membrane. This review deals with the role of the DGC in transmembrane signaling by forming supramolecular assemblies for regulating ion channel localization and activity. These interactions are relevant for cell homeostasis, and its alterations may play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various disorders affecting muscle and nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
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21
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Denti F, Paludan-Müller C, Olesen SP, Haunsø S, Svendsen JH, Olesen MS, Bentzen BH, Schmitt N. Functional consequences of genetic variation in sodium channel modifiers in early onset lone atrial fibrillation. Per Med 2018; 15:93-102. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2017-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the effect of variants in genes encoding sodium channel modifiers SNTA1 and GPD1L found in early onset atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Patients & methods: Genetic screening in patients with early onset lone AF revealed three variants in GPD1L and SNTA1 in three AF patients. Functional analysis was performed by patch-clamp electrophysiology. Results: Co-expression of GPD1L or its p.A326E variant with NaV1.5 did not alter INa density or current kinetics. SNTA1 shifted the peak-current by -5 mV. The SNTA1-p.A257G variant significantly increased INa. SNTA1-p.P74L did not produce functional changes. Conclusion: Although genetic variation of sodium channel modifiers may contribute to development of AF at a molecular level, it is unlikely a monogenic cause of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Denti
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Paludan-Müller
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren-Peter Olesen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Mavrogeni S, Pons R, Nikas I, Papadopoulos G, Verganelakis DA, Kolovou G, Chrousos GP. Brain and heart magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy in duchenne muscular dystrophy. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47. [PMID: 28981141 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked muscle disorder characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of muscular function. As muscular disease progresses, the repair mechanisms cannot compensate for cellular damage, leading inevitably to necrosis and progressive replacement by fibrous and fatty tissue. Cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure are the main causes of death in DMD. In addition to the well-described muscle and heart disease, cognitive dysfunction affects around 30% of DMD boys. Myocardial fibrosis, assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), is an early marker of heart involvement in both DMD patients and female carriers. In parallel, brain MRI identifies smaller total brain volume, smaller grey matter volume, lower white matter fractional anisotropy and higher white matter radial diffusivity in DMD patients. The in vivo brain evaluation of mdx mice, a surrogate animal model of DMD, showed an increased inorganic phosphate (P(i))/phosphocreatine (PCr) and pH. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach using techniques of magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging as a tool to create a "heart and brain imaging map" in DMD patients that could potentially facilitate the patients' risk stratification and also future research studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roser Pons
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nikas
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papadopoulos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Verganelakis
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George P Chrousos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Costas-Insua C, Merino-Gracia J, Aicart-Ramos C, Rodríguez-Crespo I. Subcellular Targeting of Nitric Oxide Synthases Mediated by Their N-Terminal Motifs. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 111:165-195. [PMID: 29459031 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From a catalytic point of view, the three mammalian nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) function in an almost identical way. The N-terminal oxygenase domain catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline plus ·NO in two sequential oxidation steps. Once l-arginine binds to the active site positioned above the heme moiety, two consecutive monooxygenation reactions take place. In the first step, l-arginine is hydroxylated to make Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine in a process that requires 1 molecule of NADPH and 1 molecule of O2 per mol of l-arginine reacted. In the second step, Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine, never leaving the active site, is oxidized to ·NO plus l-citrulline and 1 molecule of O2 and 0.5 molecules of NADPH are consumed. Since nitric oxide is an important signaling molecule that participates in a number of biological processes, including neurotransmission, vasodilation, and immune response, synthesis and release of ·NO in vivo must be exquisitely regulated both in time and in space. Hence, NOSs have evolved introducing in their amino acid sequences subcellular targeting motifs, most of them located at their N-termini. Deletion studies performed on recombinant, purified NOSs have revealed that part of the N-terminus of all three NOS can be eliminated with the resulting mutant enzymes still being catalytically active. Likewise, NOS isoforms lacking part of their N-terminus when transfected in cells render mislocalized, active proteins. In this review we will comment on the current knowledge of these subcellular targeting signals present in nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS.
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24
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Breckels LM, Holden SB, Wojnar D, Mulvey CM, Christoforou A, Groen A, Trotter MWB, Kohlbacher O, Lilley KS, Gatto L. Learning from Heterogeneous Data Sources: An Application in Spatial Proteomics. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004920. [PMID: 27175778 PMCID: PMC4866734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-cellular localisation of proteins is an essential post-translational regulatory mechanism that can be assayed using high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS). These MS-based spatial proteomics experiments enable us to pinpoint the sub-cellular distribution of thousands of proteins in a specific system under controlled conditions. Recent advances in high-throughput MS methods have yielded a plethora of experimental spatial proteomics data for the cell biology community. Yet, there are many third-party data sources, such as immunofluorescence microscopy or protein annotations and sequences, which represent a rich and vast source of complementary information. We present a unique transfer learning classification framework that utilises a nearest-neighbour or support vector machine system, to integrate heterogeneous data sources to considerably improve on the quantity and quality of sub-cellular protein assignment. We demonstrate the utility of our algorithms through evaluation of five experimental datasets, from four different species in conjunction with four different auxiliary data sources to classify proteins to tens of sub-cellular compartments with high generalisation accuracy. We further apply the method to an experiment on pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells to classify a set of previously unknown proteins, and validate our findings against a recent high resolution map of the mouse stem cell proteome. The methodology is distributed as part of the open-source Bioconductor pRoloc suite for spatial proteomics data analysis. Sub-cellular localisation of proteins is critical to their function in all cellular processes; proteins localising to their intended micro-environment, e.g organelles, vesicles or macro-molecular complexes, will meet the interaction partners and biochemical conditions suitable to pursue their molecular function. Therefore, sound data and methods to reliably and systematically study protein localisation, and hence their mis-localisation and the disruption of protein trafficking, that are relied upon by the cell biology community, are essential. Here we present a method to infer protein localisation relying on the optimal integration of experimental mass spectrometry-based data and auxiliary sources, such as GO annotation, outputs from third-party software, protein-protein interactions or immunocytochemistry data. We found that the application of transfer learning algorithms across these diverse data sources considerably improves on the quantity and reliability of sub-cellular protein assignment, compared to single data classifiers previously applied to infer sub-cellular localisation using experimental data only. We show how our method does not compromise biologically relevant experimental-specific signal after integration with heterogeneous freely available third-party resources. The integration of different data sources is an important challenge in the data intensive world of biology and we anticipate the transfer learning methods presented here will prove useful to many areas of biology, to unify data obtained from different but complimentary sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Breckels
- Computational Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sean B. Holden
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Wojnar
- Quantitative Biology Center, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire M. Mulvey
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Christoforou
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud Groen
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Quantitative Biology Center, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathryn S. Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Computational Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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25
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van der Pijl EM, van Putten M, Niks EH, Verschuuren JJGM, Aartsma-Rus A, Plomp JJ. Characterization of neuromuscular synapse function abnormalities in multiple Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1623-35. [PMID: 27037492 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked myopathy caused by dystrophin deficiency. Dystrophin is present intracellularly at the sarcolemma, connecting actin to the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Interestingly, it is enriched postsynaptically at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), but its synaptic function is largely unknown. Utrophin, a dystrophin homologue, is also concentrated at the NMJ, and upregulated in DMD. It is possible that the absence of dystrophin at NMJs in DMD causes neuromuscular transmission defects that aggravate muscle weakness. We studied NMJ function in mdx mice (lacking dystrophin) and wild type mice. In addition, mdx/utrn(+/-) and mdx/utrn(-/-) mice (lacking utrophin) were used to investigate influences of utrophin levels. The three Duchenne mouse models showed muscle weakness when comparatively tested in vivo, with mdx/utrn(-/-) mice being weakest. Ex vivo muscle contraction and electrophysiological studies showed a reduced safety factor of neuromuscular transmission in all models. NMJs had ~ 40% smaller miniature endplate potential amplitudes compared with wild type, indicating postsynaptic sensitivity loss for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. However, nerve stimulation-evoked endplate potential amplitudes were unchanged. Consequently, quantal content (i.e. the number of acetylcholine quanta released per nerve impulse) was considerably increased. Such a homeostatic compensatory increase in neurotransmitter release is also found at NMJs in myasthenia gravis, where autoantibodies reduce acetylcholine receptors. However, high-rate nerve stimulation induced exaggerated endplate potential rundown. Study of NMJ morphology showed that fragmentation of acetylcholine receptor clusters occurred in all models, being most severe in mdx/utrn(-/-) mice. Overall, we showed mild 'myasthenia-like' neuromuscular synaptic dysfunction in several Duchenne mouse models, which possibly affects muscle weakness and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M van der Pijl
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Research Building S5-P, P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Niks
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Research Building S5-P, P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J G M Verschuuren
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Research Building S5-P, P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Plomp
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Research Building S5-P, P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Allen DG, Whitehead NP, Froehner SC. Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:253-305. [PMID: 26676145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further connections via laminin to other extracellular matrix proteins. Initially considered a structural complex that protected the sarcolemma from mechanical damage, the DPC is now known to serve as a scaffold for numerous signaling proteins. Absence or reduced expression of dystrophin or many of the DPC components cause the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases in which repeated bouts of muscle damage lead to atrophy and fibrosis, and eventually muscle degeneration. The normal function of dystrophin is poorly defined. In its absence a complex series of changes occur with multiple muscle proteins showing reduced or increased expression or being modified in various ways. In this review, we will consider the various proteins whose expression and function is changed in muscular dystrophies, focusing on Ca(2+)-permeable channels, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and caveolins. Excessive Ca(2+) entry, increased membrane permeability, disordered caveolar function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species are early changes in the disease, and the hypotheses for these phenomena will be critically considered. The aim of the review is to define the early damage pathways in muscular dystrophy which might be appropriate targets for therapy designed to minimize the muscle degeneration and slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Allen
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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27
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Matamoros M, Pérez-Hernández M, Guerrero-Serna G, Amorós I, Barana A, Núñez M, Ponce-Balbuena D, Sacristán S, Gómez R, Tamargo J, Caballero R, Jalife J, Delpón E. Nav1.5 N-terminal domain binding to α1-syntrophin increases membrane density of human Kir2.1, Kir2.2 and Nav1.5 channels. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:279-90. [PMID: 26786162 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac excitability and refractoriness are largely determined by the function and number of inward rectifier K⁺ channels (Kir2.1-2.3), which are differentially expressed in the atria and ventricles, and Nav1.5 channels. We have focused on how Nav1.5 and Kir2.x function within a macromolecular complex by elucidating the molecular determinants that govern Nav1.5/Kir2.x reciprocal modulation. METHODS AND RESULTS The results demonstrate that there is an unexpected 'internal' PDZ-like binding domain located at the N-terminus of the Nav1.5 channel that mediates its binding to α1-syntrophin. Nav1.5 N-terminal domain, by itself (the 132 aa peptide) (Nter), exerts a 'chaperone-like' effect that increases sodium (I(Na)) and inward rectifier potassium (I(K1)) currents by enhancing the expression of Nav1.5, Kir2.1, and Kir2.2 channels as demonstrated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in rat cardiomyocytes. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis demonstrates that the Nter chaperone-like effect is determined by Serine 20. Nav1.5-Kir2.x reciprocal positive interactions depend on a specific C-terminal PDZ-binding domain sequence (SEI), which is present in Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 channels but not in Kir2.3. Therefore, in human atrial myocytes, the presence of Kir2.3 isoforms precludes reciprocal I(K1)-INa density modulation. Moreover, results in rat and human atrial myocytes demonstrate that binding to α1-syntrophin is necessary for the Nav1.5-Kir2.x-positive reciprocal modulation. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the critical role of the N-terminal domain of Nav1.5 channels in Nav1.5-Kir2.x-reciprocal interactions and suggest that the molecular mechanisms controlling atrial and ventricular cellular excitability may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Matamoros
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Irene Amorós
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Adriana Barana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mercedes Núñez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sandra Sacristán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José Jalife
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Loussouarn G, Sternberg D, Nicole S, Marionneau C, Le Bouffant F, Toumaniantz G, Barc J, Malak OA, Fressart V, Péréon Y, Baró I, Charpentier F. Physiological and Pathophysiological Insights of Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 Comparison. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:314. [PMID: 26834636 PMCID: PMC4712308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 α-subunits have been associated with muscular and cardiac channelopathies, respectively. Despite intense research on the structure and function of these channels, a lot of information is still missing to delineate the various physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying their activity at the molecular level. Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 sequences are similar, suggesting structural and functional homologies between the two orthologous channels. This also suggests that any characteristics described for one channel subunit may shed light on the properties of the counterpart channel subunit. In this review article, after a brief clinical description of the muscular and cardiac channelopathies related to Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 mutations, respectively, we compare the knowledge accumulated in different aspects of the expression and function of Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 α-subunits: the regulation of the two encoding genes (SCN4A and SCN5A), the associated/regulatory proteins and at last, the functional effect of the same missense mutations detected in Nav1.4 and Nav1.5. First, it appears that more is known on Nav1.5 expression and accessory proteins. Because of the high homologies of Nav1.5 binding sites and equivalent Nav1.4 sites, Nav1.5-related results may guide future investigations on Nav1.4. Second, the analysis of the same missense mutations in Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 revealed intriguing similarities regarding their effects on membrane excitability and alteration in channel biophysics. We believe that such comparison may bring new cues to the physiopathology of cardiac and muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Loussouarn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Damien Sternberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR S1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICMParis, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centres de Référence des Canalopathies Musculaires et des Maladies Neuro-musculaires Paris-EstParis, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Unité de Cardiogénétique et MyogénétiqueParis, France
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR S1127Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICMParis, France
| | - Céline Marionneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Francoise Le Bouffant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Gilles Toumaniantz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Julien Barc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Olfat A Malak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Véronique Fressart
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Unité de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Paris, France
| | - Yann Péréon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes-AngersNantes, France; Atlantic Gene Therapies - Biotherapy Institute for Rare DiseasesNantes, France
| | - Isabelle Baró
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1087, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6291Nantes, France; Université de NantesNantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, l'Institut du ThoraxNantes, France
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Constantin B. Role of Scaffolding Proteins in the Regulation of TRPC-Dependent Calcium Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:379-403. [PMID: 27161237 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane ion channels, and in particular TRPC channels need a specific membrane environment and association with scaffolding, signaling, and cytoskeleton proteins in order to play their important functional role. The molecular composition of TRPC channels is an important factor in determining channel activation mechanisms. TRPC proteins are incorporated in macromolecular complexes including several key Ca(2 +) signaling proteins as well as proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal interactions, and scaffolding. Evidence has been provided for association of TRPC with calmodulin (CaM), IP3R, PMCA, Gq/11, RhoA, and a variety of scaffolding proteins. The interaction between TRPC channels with adaptor proteins, determines their mode of regulation as well as their cellular localization and function. Adaptor proteins do not display any enzymatic activity but act as scaffold for the building of signaling complexes. The scaffolding proteins are involved in the assembling of these Ca(2+) signaling complexes, the correct sub-cellular localization of protein partners, and the regulation of the TRPC channelosome. In particular, these proteins, via their multiple protein-protein interaction motifs, can interact with various ion channels involved in the transmembrane potential, and membrane excitability. Scaffolding proteins are key components for the functional organization of TRPC channelosomes that serves as a platform regulating slow Ca(2+) entry, spatially and temporally controlled [Ca(2+)]i signals and Ca(2+) -dependent cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Constantin
- Laboratory STIM, ERL-7368 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Bat. B36, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 86000, Poitiers, France.
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30
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Murphy S, Ohlendieck K. The biochemical and mass spectrometric profiling of the dystrophin complexome from skeletal muscle. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 14:20-7. [PMID: 26793286 PMCID: PMC4688399 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced mass spectrometric methodology has decisively enhanced the analytical capabilities for studies into the composition and dynamics of multi-subunit protein complexes and their associated components. Large-scale complexome profiling is an approach that combines the systematic isolation and enrichment of protein assemblies with sophisticated mass spectrometry-based identification methods. In skeletal muscles, the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin of 427 kDa forms tight interactions with a variety of sarcolemmal, cytosolic and extracellular proteins, which in turn associate with key components of the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeleton. A major function of this enormous assembly of proteins, including dystroglycans, sarcoglycans, syntrophins, dystrobrevins, sarcospan, laminin and cortical actin, is postulated to stabilize muscle fibres during the physical tensions of continuous excitation-contraction-relaxation cycles. This article reviews the evidence from recent proteomic studies that have focused on the characterization of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and its central role in the establishment of the cytoskeleton-sarcolemma-matrisome axis. Proteomic findings suggest a close linkage of the core dystrophin complex with a variety of protein species, including tubulin, vimentin, desmin, annexin, proteoglycans and collagens. Since the almost complete absence of dystrophin is the underlying cause for X-linked muscular dystrophy, a more detailed understanding of the composition, structure and plasticity of the dystrophin complexome may have considerable biomedical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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31
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Laedermann CJ, Abriel H, Decosterd I. Post-translational modifications of voltage-gated sodium channels in chronic pain syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:263. [PMID: 26594175 PMCID: PMC4633509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral sensory nervous system the neuronal expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) is very important for the transmission of nociceptive information since they give rise to the upstroke of the action potential (AP). Navs are composed of nine different isoforms with distinct biophysical properties. Studying the mutations associated with the increase or absence of pain sensitivity in humans, as well as other expression studies, have highlighted Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 as being the most important contributors to the control of nociceptive neuronal electrogenesis. Modulating their expression and/or function can impact the shape of the AP and consequently modify nociceptive transmission, a process that is observed in persistent pain conditions. Post-translational modification (PTM) of Navs is a well-known process that modifies their expression and function. In chronic pain syndromes, the release of inflammatory molecules into the direct environment of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons leads to an abnormal activation of enzymes that induce Navs PTM. The addition of small molecules, i.e., peptides, phosphoryl groups, ubiquitin moieties and/or carbohydrates, can modify the function of Navs in two different ways: via direct physical interference with Nav gating, or via the control of Nav trafficking. Both mechanisms have a profound impact on neuronal excitability. In this review we will discuss the role of Protein Kinase A, B, and C, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases and Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II in peripheral chronic pain syndromes. We will also discuss more recent findings that the ubiquitination of Nav1.7 by Nedd4-2 and the effect of methylglyoxal on Nav1.8 are also implicated in the development of experimental neuropathic pain. We will address the potential roles of other PTMs in chronic pain and highlight the need for further investigation of PTMs of Navs in order to develop new pharmacological tools to alleviate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric J. Laedermann
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Nichols B, Takeda S, Yokota T. Nonmechanical Roles of Dystrophin and Associated Proteins in Exercise, Neuromuscular Junctions, and Brains. Brain Sci 2015; 5:275-98. [PMID: 26230713 PMCID: PMC4588140 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci5030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is an important structural unit in skeletal muscle that connects the cytoskeleton (f-actin) of a muscle fiber to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Several muscular dystrophies, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophies (dystroglycanopathies), and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (sarcoglycanopathies), are caused by mutations in the different DGC components. Although many early studies indicated DGC plays a crucial mechanical role in maintaining the structural integrity of skeletal muscle, recent studies identified novel roles of DGC. Beyond a mechanical role, these DGC members play important signaling roles and act as a scaffold for various signaling pathways. For example, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is localized at the muscle membrane by DGC members (dystrophin and syntrophins), plays an important role in the regulation of the blood flow during exercise. DGC also plays important roles at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and in the brain. In this review, we will focus on recently identified roles of DGC particularly in exercise and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Nichols
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry.
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry.
- Muscular Dystrophy Canada Research Chair, 8812-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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33
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Xu S, Shi D, Pratt SJP, Zhu W, Marshall A, Lovering RM. Abnormalities in brain structure and biochemistry associated with mdx mice measured by in vivo MRI and high resolution localized (1)H MRS. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:764-72. [PMID: 26236031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disorder caused by the lack of dystrophin, is characterized by the progressive wasting of skeletal muscles. To date, what is known about dystrophin function is derived from studies of dystrophin-deficient animals, with the most common model being the mdx mouse. Most studies on patients with DMD and in mdx mice have focused on skeletal muscle and the development of therapies to reverse, or at least slow, the severe muscle wasting and progressive degeneration. However, dystrophin is also expressed in the CNS. Both mdx mice and patients with DMD can have cognitive and behavioral changes, but studies in the dystrophic brain are limited. We examined the brain structure and metabolites of mature wild type (WT) and mdx mice using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS). Both structural and metabolic alterations were observed in the mdx brain. Enlarged lateral ventricles were detected in mdx mice when compared to WT. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed elevations in diffusion diffusivities in the prefrontal cortex and a reduction of fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus. Metabolic changes included elevations in phosphocholine and glutathione, and a reduction in γ-aminobutyric acid in the hippocampus. In addition, an elevation in taurine was observed in the prefrontal cortex. Such findings indicate a regional structural change, altered cellular antioxidant defenses, a dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission, and a perturbed osmoregulation in the brain lacking dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Da Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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34
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Eisinger K, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Evaluation of the specificity of four commercially available antibodies to alpha-syntrophin. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:99-101. [PMID: 26079703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-syntrophin (SNTA) is an adaptor protein that regulates several signaling pathways. To analyze expression of SNTA immunoblot assays must be performed. Here, the specificity of four commercially available SNTA antibodies has been evaluated in immunoblot experiments using liver tissues of wild-type and SNTA-deficient mice. While one of the antibodies reacts with SNTA, two antibodies specifically recognize beta 2 syntrophin (SNTB2). The antigen detected by the fourth antibody has not been identified but is different from SNTA and SNTB2. Therefore, only one of the four tested antibodies is appropriate to analyze SNTA protein levels by immunoblot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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35
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Lack of dystrophin protein Dp71 results in progressive cataract formation due to loss of fiber cell organization. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1480-90. [PMID: 25489223 PMCID: PMC4225142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dp71 is the main product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene in the central nervous system. While studying the impact of its absence on retinal functions, we discovered that mice lacking Dp71 also developed a progressive opacification of the crystalline lens. The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed characterization of the cataract formation in Dp71 knockout (KO-Dp71) mice. METHODS Cataract formations in KO-Dp71 mice and wild-type (wt) littermates were assessed in vivo by slit-lamp examination and ex vivo by histological analysis as a function of aging. The expression and cellular localization of the DMD gene products were monitored by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Fiber cell integrity was assessed by analyzing the actin cytoskeleton as well as the expression of aquaporin-0 (AQP0). RESULTS As expected, a slit-lamp examination revealed that only one of the 20 tested wt animals presented with a mild opacification of the lens and only at the most advanced age. However, a lack of Dp71 was associated with a 40% incidence of cataracts as early as 2 months of age, which progressively increased to full penetrance by 7 months. A subsequent histological analysis revealed an alteration in the structures of the lenses of KO-Dp71 mice that correlated with the severity of the lens opacity. An analysis of the expression of the different dystrophin gene products revealed that Dp71 was the major DMD gene product expressed in the lens, especially in fiber cells. The role of Dp71 in fiber cells was also suggested by the progressive disorganization of the lens fibers, which was observed in the absence of Dp71 and demonstrated by irregular staining of the actin network and the aqueous channel AQP0. CONCLUSIONS While its role in the retina has been well characterized, this study demonstrates for the first time the role played by Dp71 in a different ocular tissue: the crystalline lens. It primarily demonstrates the role that Dp71 plays in the maintenance of the integrity of the secondary lens fibers.
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36
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Shy D, Gillet L, Ogrodnik J, Albesa M, Verkerk AO, Wolswinkel R, Rougier JS, Barc J, Essers MC, Syam N, Marsman RF, van Mil AM, Rotman S, Redon R, Bezzina CR, Remme CA, Abriel H. PDZ domain-binding motif regulates cardiomyocyte compartment-specific NaV1.5 channel expression and function. Circulation 2014; 130:147-60. [PMID: 24895455 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium channel NaV1.5 underlies cardiac excitability and conduction. The last 3 residues of NaV1.5 (Ser-Ile-Val) constitute a PDZ domain-binding motif that interacts with PDZ proteins such as syntrophins and SAP97 at different locations within the cardiomyocyte, thus defining distinct pools of NaV1.5 multiprotein complexes. Here, we explored the in vivo and clinical impact of this motif through characterization of mutant mice and genetic screening of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate in vivo the regulatory role of this motif, we generated knock-in mice lacking the SIV domain (ΔSIV). ΔSIV mice displayed reduced NaV1.5 expression and sodium current (INa), specifically at the lateral myocyte membrane, whereas NaV1.5 expression and INa at the intercalated disks were unaffected. Optical mapping of ΔSIV hearts revealed that ventricular conduction velocity was preferentially decreased in the transversal direction to myocardial fiber orientation, leading to increased anisotropy of ventricular conduction. Internalization of wild-type and ΔSIV channels was unchanged in HEK293 cells. However, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 rescued ΔSIV INa, suggesting that the SIV motif is important for regulation of NaV1.5 degradation. A missense mutation within the SIV motif (p.V2016M) was identified in a patient with Brugada syndrome. The mutation decreased NaV1.5 cell surface expression and INa when expressed in HEK293 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the in vivo significance of the PDZ domain-binding motif in the correct expression of NaV1.5 at the lateral cardiomyocyte membrane and underline the functional role of lateral NaV1.5 in ventricular conduction. Furthermore, we reveal a clinical relevance of the SIV motif in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Shy
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Ludovic Gillet
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Jakob Ogrodnik
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Maxime Albesa
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Rianne Wolswinkel
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Rougier
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Julien Barc
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Maria C Essers
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Ninda Syam
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Roos F Marsman
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Anneke M van Mil
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Samuel Rotman
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Richard Redon
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.)
| | - Hugues Abriel
- From the Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.S., L.G., J.O., M.A., J.-S.R., M.C.E., N.S., H.A.); Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (A.O.V.) and Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (R.W., J.B., R.F.M., C.R.B., C.A.R.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.); Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.M.v.M.); Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (S.R.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (R.R.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6291, Nantes, France (R.R.); Université de Nantes, Nantes, France (R.R.); and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes, France (R.R.).
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Yokota T, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Ikemoto T, Matsuda R, Takeda S. α1-Syntrophin-deficient mice exhibit impaired muscle force recovery after osmotic shock. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:728-35. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Human Development, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Molecular Therapy; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Takaaki Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Therapy; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Matsuda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
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Proteomic profiling of the dystrophin-deficient mdx phenocopy of dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:246195. [PMID: 24772416 PMCID: PMC3977469 DOI: 10.1155/2014/246195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory complications are frequent symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a neuromuscular disorder caused by primary abnormalities in the dystrophin gene. Loss of cardiac dystrophin initially leads to changes in dystrophin-associated glycoproteins and subsequently triggers secondarily sarcolemmal disintegration, fibre necrosis, fibrosis, fatty tissue replacement, and interstitial inflammation. This results in progressive cardiac disease, which is the cause of death in a considerable number of patients afflicted with X-linked muscular dystrophy. In order to better define the molecular pathogenesis of this type of cardiomyopathy, several studies have applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics to determine proteome-wide alterations in dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. Proteomic studies included both gel-based and label-free mass spectrometric surveys of dystrophin-deficient heart muscle from the established mdx animal model of dystrophinopathy. Comparative cardiac proteomics revealed novel changes in proteins associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, glycolysis, signaling, iron binding, antibody response, fibre contraction, basal lamina stabilisation, and cytoskeletal organisation. This review summarizes the importance of studying cardiomyopathy within the field of muscular dystrophy research, outlines key features of the mdx heart and its suitability as a model system for studying cardiac pathogenesis, and discusses the impact of recent proteomic findings for exploring molecular and cellular aspects of cardiac abnormalities in inherited muscular dystrophies.
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Cerecedo D, Martínez-Vieyra I, Alonso-Rangel L, Benítez-Cardoza C, Ortega A. Epithelial sodium channel modulates platelet collagen activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:127-36. [PMID: 24679405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets adhere to the exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix and undergo a rapid cytoskeletal rearrangement resulting in shape change and release of their intracellular dense and alpha granule contents to avoid hemorrhage. A central step in this process is the elevation of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration through its release from intracellular stores and on throughout its influx from the extracellular space. The Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a highly selective Na(+) channel involved in mechanosensation, nociception, fluid volume homeostasis, and control of arterial blood pressure. The present study describes the expression, distribution, and participation of ENaC in platelet migration and granule secretion using pharmacological inhibition with amiloride. Our biochemical and confocal analysis in suspended and adhered platelets suggests that ENaC is associated with Intermediate filaments (IF) and with Dystrophin-associated proteins (DAP) via α-syntrophin and β-dystroglycan. Migration assays, quantification of soluble P-selectin, and serotonin release suggest that ENaC is dispensable for migration and alpha and dense granule secretion, whereas Na(+) influx through this channel is fundamental for platelet collagen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Cerecedo
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ivette Martínez-Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lea Alonso-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Benítez-Cardoza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Dystrophin complex functions as a scaffold for signalling proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:635-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bhat HF, Baba RA, Adams ME, Khanday FA. Role of SNTA1 in Rac1 activation, modulation of ROS generation, and migratory potential of human breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:706-14. [PMID: 24434436 PMCID: PMC3915110 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-1-syntrophin (SNTA1) has been implicated in the activation of Rac1. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been explored. Here, we show that a novel complex, involving SNTA1, P66shc, and Grb2 proteins, is involved in Rac1 activation. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to show the complex formation, while siRNAs and shRNAs were used to downregulate expression of these proteins. Various Rac1 activation assays and functional assays, such as migration assays, in vitro wound healing assays, cell proliferation assays, and ROS generation assays, were also performed. Results: The results showed a significant increase in activation of Rac1 when SNTA1 and P66shc were overexpressed, whereas depletion of SNTA1 and P66shc expression effectively reduced the levels of active Rac1. The results indicated a significant displacement of Sos1 protein from Grb2 when SNTA1 and P66shc are overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, resulting in Sos1 predominantly forming a complex with Eps8 and E3b1. In addition, the SNTA1/P66shc-mediated Rac1 activation resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and migratory potential in human breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Together, our results present a possible mechanism of Rac1 activation involving SNTA1 and emphasise its role in ROS generation, cell migration, and acquisition of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R A Baba
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Snow WM, Anderson JE, Fry M. Regional and genotypic differences in intrinsic electrophysiological properties of cerebellar Purkinje neurons from wild-type and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 107:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koenig X, Rubi L, Obermair GJ, Cervenka R, Dang XB, Lukacs P, Kummer S, Bittner RE, Kubista H, Todt H, Hilber K. Enhanced currents through L-type calcium channels in cardiomyocytes disturb the electrophysiology of the dystrophic heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H564-H573. [PMID: 24337461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), induced by mutations in the gene encoding for the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, is an inherited disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Besides the relatively well characterized skeletal muscle degenerative processes, DMD is also associated with cardiac complications. These include cardiomyopathy development and cardiac arrhythmias. The current understanding of the pathomechanisms in the heart is very limited, but recent research indicates that dysfunctional ion channels in dystrophic cardiomyocytes play a role. The aim of the present study was to characterize abnormalities in L-type calcium channel function in adult dystrophic ventricular cardiomyocytes. By using the whole cell patch-clamp technique, the properties of currents through calcium channels in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from the hearts of normal and dystrophic adult mice were compared. Besides the commonly used dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model for human DMD, we also used mdx-utr mice, which are both dystrophin- and utrophin-deficient. We found that calcium channel currents were significantly increased, and channel inactivation was reduced in dystrophic cardiomyocytes. Both effects enhance the calcium influx during an action potential (AP). Whereas the AP in dystrophic mouse cardiomyocytes was nearly normal, implementation of the enhanced dystrophic calcium conductance in a computer model of a human ventricular cardiomyocyte considerably prolonged the AP. Finally, the described dystrophic calcium channel abnormalities entailed alterations in the electrocardiograms of dystrophic mice. We conclude that gain of function in cardiac L-type calcium channels may disturb the electrophysiology of the dystrophic heart and thereby cause arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Rubi
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald J Obermair
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rene Cervenka
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xuan B Dang
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Lukacs
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reginald E Bittner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Vulin A, Wein N, Strandjord DM, Johnson EK, Findlay AR, Maiti B, Howard MT, Kaminoh YJ, Taylor LE, Simmons TR, Ray WC, Montanaro F, Ervasti JM, Flanigan KM. The ZZ domain of dystrophin in DMD: making sense of missense mutations. Hum Mutat 2013; 35:257-64. [PMID: 24302611 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with the loss of dystrophin, which plays an important role in myofiber integrity via interactions with β-dystroglycan and other members of the transmembrane dystrophin-associated protein complex. The ZZ domain, a cysteine-rich zinc-finger domain near the dystrophin C-terminus, is implicated in forming a stable interaction between dystrophin and β-dystroglycan, but the mechanism of pathogenesis of ZZ missense mutations has remained unclear because not all such mutations have been shown to alter β-dystroglycan binding in previous experimental systems. We engineered three ZZ mutations (p.Cys3313Phe, p.Asp3335His, and p.Cys3340Tyr) into a short construct similar to the Dp71 dystrophin isoform for in vitro and in vivo studies and delineated their effect on protein expression, folding properties, and binding partners. Our results demonstrate two distinct pathogenic mechanisms for ZZ missense mutations. The cysteine mutations result in diminished or absent subsarcolemmal expression because of protein instability, likely due to misfolding. In contrast, the aspartic acid mutation disrupts binding with β-dystroglycan despite an almost normal expression at the membrane, confirming a role for the ZZ domain in β-dystroglycan binding but surprisingly demonstrating that such binding is not required for subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, even in the absence of actin binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Vulin
- The Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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Ordered disorder of the astrocytic dystrophin-associated protein complex in the norm and pathology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73476. [PMID: 24014171 PMCID: PMC3754965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance and potential functional roles of intrinsically disordered regions in aquaporin-4, Kir4.1, a dystrophin isoforms Dp71, α-1 syntrophin, and α-dystrobrevin; i.e., proteins constituting the functional core of the astrocytic dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), are analyzed by a wealth of computational tools. The correlation between protein intrinsic disorder, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and protein function is also studied together with the peculiarities of structural and functional conservation of these proteins. Our study revealed that the DAPC members are typical hybrid proteins that contain both ordered and intrinsically disordered regions. Both ordered and disordered regions are important for the stabilization of this complex. Many disordered binding regions of these five proteins are highly conserved among vertebrates. Conserved eukaryotic linear motifs and molecular recognition features found in the disordered regions of five protein constituting DAPC likely enhance protein-protein interactions that are required for the cellular functions of this complex. Curiously, the disorder-based binding regions are rarely affected by SNPs suggesting that these regions are crucial for the biological functions of their corresponding proteins.
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Bhat HF, Adams ME, Khanday FA. Syntrophin proteins as Santa Claus: role(s) in cell signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2533-54. [PMID: 23263165 PMCID: PMC11113789 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of cytoplasmic membrane-associated adaptor proteins, characterized by the presence of a unique domain organization comprised of a C-terminal syntrophin unique (SU) domain and an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that is split by insertion of a PDZ domain. Syntrophins have been recognized as an important component of many signaling events, and they seem to function more like the cell's own personal 'Santa Claus' that serves to 'gift' various signaling complexes with precise proteins that they 'wish for', and at the same time care enough for the spatial, temporal control of these signaling events, maintaining overall smooth functioning and general happiness of the cell. Syntrophins not only associate various ion channels and signaling proteins to the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), via a direct interaction with dystrophin protein but also serve as a link between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular downstream targets and cell cytoskeleton by interacting with F-actin. They play an important role in regulating the postsynaptic signal transduction, sarcolemmal localization of nNOS, EphA4 signaling at the neuromuscular junction, and G-protein mediated signaling. In our previous work, we reported a differential expression pattern of alpha-1-syntrophin (SNTA1) protein in esophageal and breast carcinomas. Implicated in several other pathologies, like cardiac dys-functioning, muscular dystrophies, diabetes, etc., these proteins provide a lot of scope for further studies. The present review focuses on the role of syntrophins in membrane targeting and regulation of cellular proteins, while highlighting their relevance in possible development and/or progression of pathologies including cancer which we have recently demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina F Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Kline CF, Mohler PJ. Defective interactions of protein partner with ion channels and transporters as alternative mechanisms of membrane channelopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:723-30. [PMID: 23732236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The past twenty years have revealed the existence of numerous ion channel mutations resulting in human pathology. Ion channels provide the basis of diverse cellular functions, ranging from hormone secretion, excitation-contraction coupling, cell signaling, immune response, and trans-epithelial transport. Therefore, the regulation of biophysical properties of channels is vital in human physiology. Only within the last decade has the role of non-ion channel components come to light in regard to ion channel spatial, temporal, and biophysical regulation in physiology. A growing number of auxiliary components have been determined to play elemental roles in excitable cell physiology, with dysfunction resulting in disorders and related manifestations. This review focuses on the broad implications of such dysfunction, focusing on disease-causing mutations that alter interactions between ion channels and auxiliary ion channel components in a diverse set of human excitable cell disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal F Kline
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.
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Hu RM, Tan BH, Orland KM, Valdivia CR, Peterson A, Pu J, Makielski JC. Digenic inheritance novel mutations in SCN5a and SNTA1 increase late I(Na) contributing to LQT syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H994-H1001. [PMID: 23376825 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00705.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SCN5A and SNTA1 are reported susceptible genes for long QT syndrome (LQTS). This study was designed to elucidate a plausible pathogenic arrhythmia mechanism for the combined novel mutations R800L-SCN5A and A261V-SNTA1 on cardiac sodium channels. A Caucasian family with syncope and marginally prolonged QT interval was screened for LQTS-susceptibility genes and found to harbor the R800L mutation in SCN5A and A261V mutation in SNTA1, and those with both mutations had the strongest clinical phenotype. The mutations were engineered into the most common splice variant of human SCN5A and SNTA1 cDNA, respectively, and sodium current (INa) was characterized in human embryonic kidney 293 cells cotransfected with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the cardiac isoform of the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA4b). Peak INa densities were unchanged for wild-type (WT) and for mutant channels containing R800L-SCN5A, A261V-SNTA1, or R800L-SCN5A plus A261V-SNTA1. However, late INa for either single mutant was moderately increased two- to threefold compared with WT. The combined mutations of R800L-SCN5A plus A261V-SNTA1 significantly enhanced the INa late/peak ratio by 5.6-fold compared with WT. The time constants of current decay of combined mutant channel were markedly increased. The gain-of-function effect could be blocked by the N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, a nNOS inhibitor. We conclude that novel mutations in SCN5A and SNTA1 jointly exert a nNOS-dependent gain-of-function on SCN5A channels, which may consequently prolong the action potential duration and lead to LQTS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Mu Hu
- Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Dystrophin/α1-syntrophin scaffold regulated PLC/PKC-dependent store-operated calcium entry in myotubes. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:445-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg H, Noiges R, Descovich L, Fischer I, Albrecht DE, Nothias F, Froehner SC, Propst F. The light chains of microtubule-associated proteins MAP1A and MAP1B interact with α1-syntrophin in the central and peripheral nervous system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49722. [PMID: 23152929 PMCID: PMC3496707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins of the MAP1 family (MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP1S) share, among other features, a highly conserved COOH-terminal domain approximately 125 amino acids in length. We conducted a yeast 2-hybrid screen to search for proteins interacting with this domain and identified α1-syntrophin, a member of a multigene family of adapter proteins involved in signal transduction. We further demonstrate that the interaction between the conserved COOH-terminal 125-amino acid domain (which is located in the light chains of MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP1S) and α1-syntrophin is direct and occurs through the pleckstrin homology domain 2 (PH2) and the postsynaptic density protein 95/disk large/zonula occludens-1 protein homology domain (PDZ) of α1-syntrophin. We confirmed the interaction of MAP1B and α1-syntrophin by co-localization of the two proteins in transfected cells and by co-immunoprecipitation experiments from mouse brain. In addition, we show that MAP1B and α1-syntrophin partially co-localize in Schwann cells of the murine sciatic nerve during postnatal development and in the adult. However, intracellular localization of α1-syntrophin and other Schwann cell proteins such as ezrin and dystrophin-related protein 2 (DRP2) and the localization of the axonal node of Ranvier-associated protein Caspr1/paranodin were not affected in MAP1B null mice. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that classical MAPs are likely to be involved in signal transduction not only by directly modulating microtubule function, but also through their interaction with signal transduction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Noiges
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luise Descovich
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas E. Albrecht
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fatiha Nothias
- INSERM U952, CNRS UMR 7224, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris-06, Paris, France
| | - Stanley C. Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Friedrich Propst
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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