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Sawada T, Barbosa AR, Araujo B, McCord AE, D’Ignazio L, Benjamin KJM, Sheehan B, Zabolocki M, Feltrin A, Arora R, Brandtjen AC, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Bardy C, Weinberger DR, Paquola ACM, Erwin JA. Recapitulation of Perturbed Striatal Gene Expression Dynamics of Donors' Brains With Ventral Forebrain Organoids Derived From the Same Individuals With Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:493-511. [PMID: 37915216 PMCID: PMC11209846 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that originates during neurodevelopment and has complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Despite decades of clinical evidence of altered striatal function in affected patients, studies examining its cellular and molecular mechanisms in humans are limited. To explore neurodevelopmental alterations in the striatum associated with schizophrenia, the authors established a method for the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into ventral forebrain organoids (VFOs). METHODS VFOs were generated from postmortem dural fibroblast-derived iPSCs of four individuals with schizophrenia and four neurotypical control individuals for whom postmortem caudate genotypes and transcriptomic data were profiled in the BrainSeq neurogenomics consortium. Individuals were selected such that the two groups had nonoverlapping schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs). RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of VFOs revealed differences in developmental trajectory between schizophrenia and control individuals in which inhibitory neuronal cells from the patients exhibited accelerated maturation. Furthermore, upregulated genes in inhibitory neurons in schizophrenia VFOs showed a significant overlap with upregulated genes in postmortem caudate tissue of individuals with schizophrenia compared with control individuals, including the donors of the iPSC cohort. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that striatal neurons derived from high-PRS individuals with schizophrenia carry abnormalities that originated during early brain development and that the VFO model can recapitulate disease-relevant cell type-specific neurodevelopmental phenotypes in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Sawada
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Bruno Araujo
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Laura D’Ignazio
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kynon J. M. Benjamin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bonna Sheehan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Zabolocki
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Arthur Feltrin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ria Arora
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cedric Bardy
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Apuā C. M. Paquola
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Erwin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rubenstein JL, Nord AS, Ekker M. DLX genes and proteins in mammalian forebrain development. Development 2024; 151:dev202684. [PMID: 38819455 PMCID: PMC11190439 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The vertebrate Dlx gene family encode homeobox transcription factors that are related to the Drosophila Distal-less (Dll) gene and are crucial for development. Over the last ∼35 years detailed information has accrued about the redundant and unique expression and function of the six mammalian Dlx family genes. DLX proteins interact with general transcriptional regulators, and co-bind with other transcription factors to enhancer elements with highly specific activity in the developing forebrain. Integration of the genetic and biochemical data has yielded a foundation for a gene regulatory network governing the differentiation of forebrain GABAergic neurons. In this Primer, we describe the discovery of vertebrate Dlx genes and their crucial roles in embryonic development. We largely focus on the role of Dlx family genes in mammalian forebrain development revealed through studies in mice. Finally, we highlight questions that remain unanswered regarding vertebrate Dlx genes despite over 30 years of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Rubenstein
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alex S. Nord
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and 20 Behavioral Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Van Zandt M, Flanagan D, Pittenger C. Sex differences in the distribution and density of regulatory interneurons in the striatum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582798. [PMID: 38464268 PMCID: PMC10925328 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cortico-basal circuitry - including its primary input nucleus, the striatum - contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism and Tourette Syndrome (TS). These conditions show marked sex differences, occurring more often in males than in females. Regulatory interneurons, including cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic fast spiking interneurons (FSIs), are implicated in human neuropsychiatric disorders such as TS, and ablation of these interneurons produces relevant behavioral pathology in male mice, but not in females. Here we investigate sex differences in the density and distribution of striatal interneurons, using stereological quantification of CINs, FSIs, and somatostatin-expressing (SOM) GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen) and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) in male and female mice. Males have a higher density of CINs than females, especially in the dorsal striatum; females have equal distribution between dorsal and ventral striatum. FSIs showed similar effects, with a greater dorsal-ventral density gradient in males than in females. SOM interneurons were denser in the ventral than in the dorsal striatum, with no sex differences. These sex differences in the density and distribution of FSIs and CINs may contribute to sex differences in basal ganglia function, including in the context of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Van Zandt
- Pittenger Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deirdre Flanagan
- Pittenger Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Pittenger Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, USA
- Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Wu-Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Chen HY, Phan BN, Shim G, Hamersky GR, Sadowski N, O'Donnell TS, Sripathy SR, Bohlen JF, Pfenning AR, Maher BJ. Psychiatric risk gene Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) regulates the density and connectivity of distinct inhibitory interneuron subtypes. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4679-4692. [PMID: 37770578 PMCID: PMC11144438 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depression, and schizophrenia. Autosomal dominant mutations in TCF4 are causal for a specific ASD called Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS). However, our understanding of etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms downstream of TCF4 mutations is incomplete. Single cell sequencing indicates TCF4 is highly expressed in GABAergic interneurons (INs). Here, we performed cell-type specific expression analysis (CSEA) and cellular deconvolution (CD) on bulk RNA sequencing data from 5 different PTHS mouse models. Using CSEA we observed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in parvalbumin expressing (PV+) INs and CD predicted a reduction in the PV+ INs population. Therefore, we investigated the role of TCF4 in regulating the development and function of INs in the Tcf4+/tr mouse model of PTHS. In Tcf4+/tr mice, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of subtype-specific IN markers and reporter mice identified reductions in PV+, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP+), and cortistatin (CST+) expressing INs in the cortex and cholinergic (ChAT+) INs in the striatum, with the somatostatin (SST+) IN population being spared. The reduction of these specific IN populations led to cell-type specific alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto PV+ and VIP+ INs and excitatory pyramidal neurons within the cortex. These data indicate TCF4 is a critical regulator of the development of specific subsets of INs and highlight the inhibitory network as an important source of pathophysiology in PTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ying Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Gina Shim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gregory R Hamersky
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas S O'Donnell
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Srinidhi Rao Sripathy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph F Bohlen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Biswas S, Chan CS, Rubenstein JLR, Gan L. The transcription regulator Lmo3 is required for the development of medial ganglionic eminence derived neurons in the external globus pallidus. Dev Biol 2023; 503:10-24. [PMID: 37532091 PMCID: PMC10658356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The external globus pallidus (GPe) is an essential component of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei that are involved in control of action. Changes in the firing of GPe neurons are associated with both passive and active body movements. Aberrant activity of GPe neurons has been linked to motor symptoms of a variety of movement disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's disease and dystonia. Recent studies have helped delineate functionally distinct subtypes of GABAergic GPe projection neurons. However, not much is known about specific molecular mechanisms underlying the development of GPe neuronal subtypes. We show that the transcriptional regulator Lmo3 is required for the development of medial ganglionic eminence derived Nkx2.1+ and PV+ GPe neurons, but not lateral ganglionic eminence derived FoxP2+ neurons. As a consequence of the reduction in PV+ neurons, Lmo3-null mice have a reduced GPe input to the subthalamic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiona Biswas
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John L R Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and the Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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6
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Rudy MJ, Salois G, Cubello J, Newell R, Mayer-Proschel M. Gestational iron deficiency affects the ratio between interneuron subtypes in the postnatal cerebral cortex in mice. Development 2023; 150:dev201068. [PMID: 36805633 PMCID: PMC10110419 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Gestational iron deficiency (gID) is highly prevalent and associated with an increased risk of intellectual and developmental disabilities in affected individuals that are often defined by a disrupted balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the brain. Using a nutritional mouse model of gID, we previously demonstrated a shift in the E/I balance towards increased inhibition in the brains of gID offspring that was refractory to postnatal iron supplementation. We thus tested whether gID affects embryonic progenitor cells that are fated towards inhibitory interneurons. We quantified relevant cell populations during embryonic inhibitory neuron specification and found an increase in the proliferation of Nkx2.1+ interneuron progenitors in the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence at E14 that was associated with increased Shh signaling in gID animals at E12. When we quantified the number of mature inhibitory interneurons that are known to originate from the MGE, we found a persistent disruption of differentiated interneuron subtypes in early adulthood. Our data identify a cellular target that links gID with a disruption of cortical interneurons which play a major role in the establishment of the E/I balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Rudy
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Garrick Salois
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Janine Cubello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Robert Newell
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Margot Mayer-Proschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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7
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Talley MJ, Nardini D, Ehrman LA, Lu QR, Waclaw RR. Distinct requirements for Tcf3 and Tcf12 during oligodendrocyte development in the mouse telencephalon. Neural Dev 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 37684687 PMCID: PMC10485956 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-023-00173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-proteins encoded by Tcf3, Tcf4, and Tcf12 are class I basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) that are thought to be widely expressed during development. However, their function in the developing brain, specifically in the telencephalon remains an active area of research. Our study examines for the first time if combined loss of two E-proteins (Tcf3 and Tcf12) influence distinct cell fates and oligodendrocyte development in the mouse telencephalon. METHODS We generated Tcf3/12 double conditional knockouts (dcKOs) using Olig2Cre/+ or Olig1Cre/+ to overcome compensatory mechanisms between E-proteins and to understand the specific requirement for Tcf3 and Tcf12 in the ventral telencephalon and during oligodendrogenesis. We utilized a combination of in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to address development of the telencephalon and oligodendrogenesis at embryonic and postnatal stages in Tcf3/12 dcKOs. RESULTS We show that the E-proteins Tcf3 and Tcf12 are expressed in progenitors of the embryonic telencephalon and throughout the oligodendrocyte lineage in the postnatal brain. Tcf3/12 dcKOs showed transient defects in progenitor cells with an enlarged medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) region which correlated with reduced generation of embryonic oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and increased expression of MGE interneuron genes. Postnatal Tcf3/12 dcKOs showed a recovery of OPCs but displayed a sustained reduction in mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). Interestingly, Tcf4 remained expressed in the dcKOs suggesting that it cannot compensate for the loss of Tcf3 and Tcf12. Generation of Tcf3/12 dcKOs with Olig1Cre/+ avoided the MGE morphology defect caused by Olig2Cre/+ but dcKOs still exhibited reduced embryonic OPCs and subsequent reduction in postnatal OLs. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that Tcf3 and Tcf12 play a role in controlling OPC versus cortical interneuron cell fate decisions in MGE progenitors in addition to playing roles in the generation of embryonic OPCs and differentiation of postnatal OLs in the oligodendrocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Talley
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Diana Nardini
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lisa A Ehrman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ronald R Waclaw
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Schellino R, Besusso D, Parolisi R, Gómez-González GB, Dallere S, Scaramuzza L, Ribodino M, Campus I, Conforti P, Parmar M, Boido M, Cattaneo E, Buffo A. hESC-derived striatal progenitors grafted into a Huntington's disease rat model support long-term functional motor recovery by differentiating, self-organizing and connecting into the lesioned striatum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:189. [PMID: 37507794 PMCID: PMC10386300 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is a motor and cognitive neurodegenerative disorder due to prominent loss of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. METHODS With the aim to develop effective cell replacement for HD, we assessed the long-term therapeutic value of hESC-derived striatal progenitors by grafting the cells into the striatum of a preclinical model of HD [i.e., adult immunodeficient rats in which the striatum was lesioned by monolateral injection of quinolinic acid (QA)]. We examined the survival, maturation, self-organization and integration of the graft as well as its impact on lesion-dependent motor alterations up to 6 months post-graft. Moreover, we tested whether exposing a cohort of QA-lesioned animals to environmental enrichment (EE) could improve graft integration and function. RESULTS Human striatal progenitors survived up to 6 months after transplantation and showed morphological and neurochemical features typical of human MSNs. Donor-derived interneurons were also detected. Grafts wired in both local and long-range striatal circuits, formed domains suggestive of distinct ganglionic eminence territories and displayed emerging striosome features. Moreover, over time grafts improved complex motor performances affected by QA. EE selectively increased cell differentiation into MSN phenotype and promoted host-to-graft connectivity. However, when combined to the graft, the EE paradigm used in this study was insufficient to produce an additive effect on task execution. CONCLUSIONS The data support the long-term therapeutic potential of ESC-derived human striatal progenitor grafts for the replacement of degenerated striatal neurons in HD and suggest that EE can effectively accelerate the maturation and promote the integration of human striatal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Gabriela B Gómez-González
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sveva Dallere
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Linda Scaramuzza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ribodino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Malin Parmar
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
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9
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Liu W, Xie H, Liu X, Xu S, Cheng S, Wang Z, Xie T, Zhang ZC, Han J. PQBP1 regulates striatum development through balancing striatal progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112277. [PMID: 36943865 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between cell proliferation and differentiation is essential for maintaining the neural progenitor pool and brain development. Although the mechanisms underlying cell proliferation and differentiation at the transcriptional level have been studied intensively, post-transcriptional regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation remains largely unclear. Here, we show that deletion of the alternative splicing regulator PQBP1 in striatal progenitors results in defective striatal development due to impaired neurogenesis of spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Pqbp1-deficient striatal progenitors exhibit declined proliferation and increased differentiation, resulting in a reduced striatal progenitor pool. We further reveal that PQBP1 associates with components in splicing machinery. The alternative splicing profiles identify that PQBP1 promotes the exon 9 inclusion of Numb, a variant that mediates progenitor proliferation. These findings identify PQBP1 as a regulator in balancing striatal progenitor proliferation and differentiation and provide alternative insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Renpenning syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xian Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shoujing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zi Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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10
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Hunt CPJ, Moriarty N, van Deursen CBJ, Gantner CW, Thompson LH, Parish CL. Understanding and modeling regional specification of the human ganglionic eminence. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:654-671. [PMID: 36801004 PMCID: PMC10031306 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons originating from the ventral forebrain are associated with several neurological conditions. Distinct ventral forebrain subpopulations are generated from topographically defined zones; lateral-, medial- and caudal ganglionic eminences (LGE, MGE and CGE), yet key specification factors often span across developing zones contributing to difficulty in defining unique LGE, MGE or CGE profiles. Here we use human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) reporter lines (NKX2.1-GFP and MEIS2-mCherry) and manipulation of morphogen gradients to gain greater insight into regional specification of these distinct zones. We identified Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-WNT crosstalk in regulating LGE and MGE fate and uncovered a role for retinoic acid signaling in CGE development. Unraveling the influence of these signaling pathways permitted development of fully defined protocols that favored generation of the three GE domains. These findings provide insight into the context-dependent role of morphogens in human GE specification and are of value for in vitro disease modeling and advancement of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P J Hunt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Niamh Moriarty
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Coen B J van Deursen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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11
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Del Rey NLG, García-Cabezas MÁ. Cytology, architecture, development, and connections of the primate striatum: Hints for human pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105945. [PMID: 36481436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of neurons and circuits across the striatum shows stereotyped time-course and spatial topography patterns that are distinct for Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, or the Tauopathies. These patterns of neurodegeneration in humans have not yet been systematically related to developmental, connectional, cellular, and chemical factors studied in human and non-human primates, that may underlie potential differences in selective vulnerability across striatal sectors. Relating primate anatomy to human pathology could provide new venues for identifying molecular, cellular, and connectional factors linked to the degeneration of striatal neurons and circuits. This review describes and summarizes several developmental, cellular, structural, and connectional features of the primate striatum in relation to patterns of neurodegeneration in the striatum of humans and of non-human primate models. We review (1) the types of neurons in the primate striatum, (2) the cyto-, myelo-, and chemoarchitecture of the primate striatum, (3) the developmental origin of the striatum in light of modern patterning studies, (4) the organization of corticostriatal projections in relation to cortical types, and (5) the topography and time-course of neuron loss, glial reaction, and protein aggregation induced by neurodegenerative diseases in humans and in non-human primate models across striatal sectors and their corresponding cortical areas. We summarize current knowledge about key aspects of primate striatal anatomy and human pathology and indicate knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies. We aim to identify factors for selective vulnerability to neurodegeneration of striatal neurons and circuits and obtain hints that could help elucidate striatal pathology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-González Del Rey
- PhD Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal; Madrid, Spain; HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal). Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- PhD Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal; Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Transcriptional Profile of the Developing Subthalamic Nucleus. eNeuro 2022; 9:9/5/ENEURO.0193-22.2022. [PMID: 36257692 PMCID: PMC9581575 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0193-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, excitatory nucleus that regulates the output of basal ganglia motor circuits. The functions of the STN and its role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease are now well established. However, some basic characteristics like the developmental origin and molecular phenotype of neuronal subpopulations are still being debated. The classical model of forebrain development attributed the origin of STN within the diencephalon. Recent studies of gene expression patterns exposed shortcomings of the classical model. To accommodate these findings, the prosomeric model was developed. In this concept, STN develops within the hypothalamic primordium, which is no longer a part of the diencephalic primordium. This concept is further supported by the expression patterns of many transcription factors. It is interesting to note that many transcription factors involved in the development of the STN are also involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the study of neurodevelopmental disorders could provide us with valuable information on the roles of these transcription factors in the development and maintenance of STN phenotype. In this review, we summarize historical theories about the developmental origin of the STN and interpret the gene expression data within the prosomeric conceptual framework. Finally, we discuss the importance of neurodevelopmental disorders for the development of the STN and its potential role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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13
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Garrick JM, Dao K, Costa LG, Marsillach J, Furlong CE. Examining the role of paraoxonase 2 in the dopaminergic system of the mouse brain. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:52. [PMID: 36056313 PMCID: PMC9438175 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme located at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Previous studies have found PON2 to be an important antioxidant in a variety of cellular systems, such as the cardiovascular and renal system. Recent work has also suggested that PON2 plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), as decreased PON2 expression in the CNS leads to higher oxidative stress and subsequent cell toxicity. However, the precise role of PON2 in the CNS is still largely unknown, and what role it may play in specific regions of the brain remains unexamined. Dopamine metabolism generates considerable oxidative stress and antioxidant function is critical to the survival of dopaminergic neurons, providing a potential mechanism for PON2 in the dopaminergic system. METHODS In this study, we investigated the role of PON2 in the dopaminergic system of the mouse brain by comparing transcript and protein expression of dopaminergic-related genes in wildtype (WT) and PON2 deficient (PON2-def) mouse striatum, and exposing WT cultured primary neurons to dopamine receptor agonists. RESULTS We found alterations in multiple key dopaminergic genes at the transcript level, however many of these changes were not observed at the protein level. In cultured neurons, PON2 mRNA and protein were increased upon exposure to quinpirole, a dopamine receptor 2/3 (DRD2/3) agonist, but not fenoldopam, a dopamine receptor 1/5 (DRD1/5) agonist, suggesting a receptor-specific role in dopamine signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest PON2 deficiency significantly impacts the dopaminergic system at the transcript level and may play a role in mitigating oxidative stress in this system further downstream through dopamine receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Departments of Medicine (Div. Medical Genetics) and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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14
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Chang KJ, Wu HY, Yarmishyn AA, Li CY, Hsiao YJ, Chi YC, Lo TC, Dai HJ, Yang YC, Liu DH, Hwang DK, Chen SJ, Hsu CC, Kao CL. Genetics behind Cerebral Disease with Ocular Comorbidity: Finding Parallels between the Brain and Eye Molecular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179707. [PMID: 36077104 PMCID: PMC9456058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral visual impairments (CVIs) is an umbrella term that categorizes miscellaneous visual defects with parallel genetic brain disorders. While the manifestations of CVIs are diverse and ambiguous, molecular diagnostics stand out as a powerful approach for understanding pathomechanisms in CVIs. Nevertheless, the characterization of CVI disease cohorts has been fragmented and lacks integration. By revisiting the genome-wide and phenome-wide association studies (GWAS and PheWAS), we clustered a handful of renowned CVIs into five ontology groups, namely ciliopathies (Joubert syndrome, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Alstrom syndrome), demyelination diseases (multiple sclerosis, Alexander disease, Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease), transcriptional deregulation diseases (Mowat–Wilson disease, Pitt–Hopkins disease, Rett syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, X-linked alpha-thalassaemia mental retardation), compromised peroxisome disorders (Zellweger spectrum disorder, Refsum disease), and channelopathies (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder), and reviewed several mutation hotspots currently found to be associated with the CVIs. Moreover, we discussed the common manifestations in the brain and the eye, and collated animal study findings to discuss plausible gene editing strategies for future CVI correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Jung Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yi Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Lo
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - He-Jhen Dai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (C.-L.K.); Tel.: +886-2-287-573-25 (C.-C.H.); +886-2-287-573-63 (C.-L.K.)
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (C.-L.K.); Tel.: +886-2-287-573-25 (C.-C.H.); +886-2-287-573-63 (C.-L.K.)
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15
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Erkhembaatar M, Yamamoto I, Inoguchi F, Taki K, Yamagishi S, Delaney L, Nishibe M, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Hanashima C, Naka‐kaneda H, Ihara D, Katsuyama Y. Involvement of Strawberry Notch homologue 1 in neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:379-394. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Iroha Yamamoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Fuduki Inoguchi
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Kosuke Taki
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan
| | - Leanne Delaney
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000 Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Mariko Nishibe
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Animal Resource Development Unit, Biosystem Dynamics Group, Division of Bio‐Function Dynamics Imaging Center for Life Science Technologies CDB RIKEN Kobe Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, Biosystem Dynamics Group, Division of Bio‐Function Dynamics Imaging Center for Life Science Technologies CDB RIKEN Kobe Japan
| | - Carina Hanashima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hayato Naka‐kaneda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
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16
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Li Z, Shang Z, Sun M, Jiang X, Tian Y, Yang L, Wang Z, Su Z, Liu G, Li X, You Y, Yang Z, Xu Z, Zhang Z. Transcription factor Sp9 is a negative regulator of D1-type MSN development. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:301. [PMID: 35773249 PMCID: PMC9247084 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia, receiving information from the cortex and the thalamus and consisting of D1- and D2- medium spiny neurons (MSNs). D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs are essential for motor control and cognitive behaviors and have implications in Parkinson’s Disease. In the present study, we demonstrated that Sp9-positive progenitors produced both D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs and that Sp9 expression was rapidly downregulated in postmitotic D1-MSNs. Furthermore, we found that sustained Sp9 expression in lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) progenitor cells and their descendants led to promoting D2-MSN identity and repressing D1-MSN identity during striatal development. As a result, sustained Sp9 expression resulted in an imbalance between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the mouse striatum. In addition, the fate-changed D2-like MSNs survived normally in adulthood. Taken together, our findings supported that Sp9 was sufficient to promote D2-MSN identity and repress D1-MSN identity, and Sp9 was a negative regulator of D1-MSN fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmeiyu Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zicong Shang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengge Sun
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwu Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Su
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosu Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhejun Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, state Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Pross A, Metwalli AH, Desfilis E, Medina L. Developmental-Based Classification of Enkephalin and Somatostatin Containing Neurons of the Chicken Central Extended Amygdala. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904520. [PMID: 35694397 PMCID: PMC9174674 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central extended amygdala, including the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the central amygdala, plays a key role in stress response. To understand how the central extended amygdala regulates stress it is essential to dissect this structure at molecular, cellular and circuit levels. In mammals, the central amygdala contains two distinct cell populations that become active (on cells) or inactive (off cells) during the conditioned fear response. These two cell types inhibit each other and project mainly unidirectionally to output cells, thus providing a sophisticated regulation of stress. These two cell types express either protein kinase C-delta/enkephalin or somatostatin, and were suggested to originate in different embryonic domains of the subpallium that respectively express the transcription factors Pax6 or Nkx2.1 during development. The regulation of the stress response by the central extended amygdala is poorly studied in non-mammals. Using an evolutionary developmental neurobiology approach, we previously identified several subdivisions in the central extended amygdala of chicken. These contain Pax6, Islet1 and Nkx2.1 cells that originate in dorsal striatal, ventral striatal or pallidopreoptic embryonic divisions, and also contain neurons expressing enkephalin and somatostatin. To know the origin of these cells, in this study we carried out multiple fluorescent labeling to analyze coexpression of different transcription factors with enkephalin or somatostatin. We found that many enkephalin cells coexpress Pax6 and likely derive from the dorsal striatal division, resembling the off cells of the mouse central amygdala. In contrast, most somatostatin cells coexpress Nkx2.1 and derive from the pallidal division, resembling the on cells. We also found coexpression of enkephalin and somatostatin with other transcription factors. Our results show the existence of multiple cell types in the central extended amygdala of chicken, perhaps including on/off cell systems, and set the basis for studying the role of these cells in stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pross
- Department of Experimental Medicine. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida’s Institute for Biomedical Research—Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alek H. Metwalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida’s Institute for Biomedical Research—Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ester Desfilis
- Department of Experimental Medicine. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida’s Institute for Biomedical Research—Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Loreta Medina
- Department of Experimental Medicine. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida’s Institute for Biomedical Research—Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Loreta Medina,
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18
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Tokarska A, Silberberg G. GABAergic interneurons expressing the α2 nicotinic receptor subunit are functionally integrated in the striatal microcircuit. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110842. [PMID: 35613598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between the striatal cholinergic and GABAergic systems are crucial in shaping reward-related behavior and reinforcement learning; however, the synaptic pathways mediating them are largely unknown. Here, we use Chrna2-Cre mice to characterize striatal interneurons (INs) expressing the nicotinic α2 receptor subunit. Using triple patch-clamp recordings combined with optogenetic stimulations, we characterize the electrophysiological, morphological, and synaptic properties of striatal Chrna2-INs. Striatal Chrna2-INs have diverse electrophysiological properties, distinct from their counterparts in other brain regions, including the hippocampus and neocortex. Unlike in other regions, most striatal Chrna2-INs are fast-spiking INs expressing parvalbumin. Striatal Chrna2-INs are intricately integrated in the striatal microcircuit, forming inhibitory synaptic connections with striatal projection neurons and INs, including other Chrna2-INs. They receive excitatory inputs from primary motor cortex mediated by both AMPA and NMDA receptors. A subpopulation of Chrna2-INs responds to nicotinic input, suggesting reciprocal interactions between this GABAergic interneuron population and striatal cholinergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tokarska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Abstract
The assembly of functional neuronal circuits requires appropriate numbers of distinct classes of neurons, but the mechanisms through which their relative proportions are established remain poorly defined. Investigating the mouse striatum, we found that the two most prominent subtypes of striatal interneurons, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) GABAergic and cholinergic (ChAT+) interneurons, undergo extensive programmed cell death between the first and second postnatal weeks. Remarkably, the survival of PV+ and ChAT+ interneurons is regulated by distinct mechanisms mediated by their specific afferent connectivity. While long-range cortical inputs control PV+ interneuron survival, ChAT+ interneuron survival is regulated by local input from the medium spiny neurons. Our results identify input-specific circuit mechanisms that operate during the period of programmed cell death to establish the final number of interneurons in nascent striatal networks.
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20
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Leung RF, George AM, Roussel EM, Faux MC, Wigle JT, Eisenstat DD. Genetic Regulation of Vertebrate Forebrain Development by Homeobox Genes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:843794. [PMID: 35546872 PMCID: PMC9081933 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.843794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain development in vertebrates is regulated by transcription factors encoded by homeobox, bHLH and forkhead gene families throughout the progressive and overlapping stages of neural induction and patterning, regional specification and generation of neurons and glia from central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells. Moreover, cell fate decisions, differentiation and migration of these committed CNS progenitors are controlled by the gene regulatory networks that are regulated by various homeodomain-containing transcription factors, including but not limited to those of the Pax (paired), Nkx, Otx (orthodenticle), Gsx/Gsh (genetic screened), and Dlx (distal-less) homeobox gene families. This comprehensive review outlines the integral role of key homeobox transcription factors and their target genes on forebrain development, focused primarily on the telencephalon. Furthermore, links of these transcription factors to human diseases, such as neurodevelopmental disorders and brain tumors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F. Leung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ankita M. George
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Enola M. Roussel
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree C. Faux
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Single cell enhancer activity distinguishes GABAergic and cholinergic lineages in embryonic mouse basal ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2108760119. [PMID: 35377797 PMCID: PMC9169651 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108760119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain development, neurons are generated by spatially and temporally distinct processes that remain to be fully characterized. The ganglionic eminences (GEs) in the embryonic subpallium give rise to GABAergic and cholinergic neuron lineages that form the basal ganglia or migrate to the cerebral cortex. Beyond a limited set of canonical RNA markers, the transcriptional states of GE progenitors and immature neurons cells remain poorly defined. We combine enhancer labeling, single-cell transcriptomics using transcription factor-anchored clustering, and integration with in situ hybridization data to distinguish emerging neuronal populations in embryonic mouse basal ganglia. Our results demonstrate the specificity of enhancer-based labeling at single-cell resolution and reveal developmental origins and specification processes of critical neuronal lineages. Enhancers integrate transcription factor signaling pathways that drive cell fate specification in the developing brain. We paired enhancer labeling and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to delineate and distinguish specification of neuronal lineages in mouse medial, lateral, and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE, LGE, and CGE) at embryonic day (E)11.5. We show that scRNA-seq clustering using transcription factors improves resolution of regional and developmental populations, and that enhancer activities identify specific and overlapping GE-derived neuronal populations. First, we mapped the activities of seven evolutionarily conserved brain enhancers at single-cell resolution in vivo, finding that the selected enhancers had diverse activities in specific progenitor and neuronal populations across the GEs. We then applied enhancer-based labeling, scRNA-seq, and analysis of in situ hybridization data to distinguish transcriptionally distinct and spatially defined subtypes of MGE-derived GABAergic and cholinergic projection neurons and interneurons. Our results map developmental origins and specification paths underlying neurogenesis in the embryonic basal ganglia and showcase the power of scRNA-seq combined with enhancer-based labeling to resolve the complex paths of neuronal specification underlying mouse brain development.
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22
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Caubit X, Gubellini P, Roubertoux PL, Carlier M, Molitor J, Chabbert D, Metwaly M, Salin P, Fatmi A, Belaidouni Y, Brosse L, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Fasano L. Targeted Tshz3 deletion in corticostriatal circuit components segregates core autistic behaviors. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:106. [PMID: 35292625 PMCID: PMC8924251 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously linked TSHZ3 haploinsufficiency to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and showed that embryonic or postnatal Tshz3 deletion in mice results in behavioral traits relevant to the two core domains of ASD, namely social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Here, we provide evidence that cortical projection neurons (CPNs) and striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCINs) are two main and complementary players in the TSHZ3-linked ASD syndrome. In the cerebral cortex, TSHZ3 is expressed in CPNs and in a proportion of GABAergic interneurons, but not in cholinergic interneurons or glial cells. In the striatum, TSHZ3 is expressed in all SCINs, while its expression is absent or partial in the other main brain cholinergic systems. We then characterized two new conditional knockout (cKO) models generated by crossing Tshz3flox/flox with Emx1-Cre (Emx1-cKO) or Chat-Cre (Chat-cKO) mice to decipher the respective role of CPNs and SCINs. Emx1-cKO mice show altered excitatory synaptic transmission onto CPNs and impaired plasticity at corticostriatal synapses, with neither cortical neuron loss nor abnormal layer distribution. These animals present social interaction deficits but no repetitive patterns of behavior. Chat-cKO mice exhibit no loss of SCINs but changes in the electrophysiological properties of these interneurons, associated with repetitive patterns of behavior without social interaction deficits. Therefore, dysfunction in either CPNs or SCINs segregates with a distinct ASD behavioral trait. These findings provide novel insights onto the implication of the corticostriatal circuitry in ASD by revealing an unexpected neuronal dichotomy in the biological background of the two core behavioral domains of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caubit
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Gubellini
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre L. Roubertoux
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, UMR1251 Marseille, France
| | - Michèle Carlier
- grid.463724.00000 0004 0385 2989Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, UMR7290 Marseille, France
| | - Jordan Molitor
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Dorian Chabbert
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Metwaly
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Salin
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Fatmi
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Yasmine Belaidouni
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | - Lucie Brosse
- grid.462081.90000 0004 0598 4854Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurent Fasano
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Marseille, France.
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23
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Aerts T, Seuntjens E. Novel Perspectives on the Development of the Amygdala in Rodents. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:786679. [PMID: 34955766 PMCID: PMC8696165 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.786679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is a hyperspecialized brain region composed of strongly inter- and intraconnected nuclei involved in emotional learning and behavior. The cellular heterogeneity of the amygdalar nuclei has complicated straightforward conclusions on their developmental origin, and even resulted in contradictory data. Recently, the concentric ring theory of the pallium and the radial histogenetic model of the pallial amygdala have cleared up several uncertainties that plagued previous models of amygdalar development. Here, we provide an extensive overview on the developmental origin of the nuclei of the amygdaloid complex. Starting from older gene expression data, transplantation and lineage tracing studies, we systematically summarize and reinterpret previous findings in light of the novel perspectives on amygdalar development. In addition, migratory routes that these cells take on their way to the amygdala are explored, and known transcription factors and guidance cues that seemingly drive these cells toward the amygdala are emphasized. We propose some future directions for research on amygdalar development and highlight that a better understanding of its development could prove critical for the treatment of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Aerts
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Shi Y, Wang M, Mi D, Lu T, Wang B, Dong H, Zhong S, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhou X, Ma Q, Liu Z, Wang W, Zhang J, Wu Q, Marín O, Wang X. Mouse and human share conserved transcriptional programs for interneuron development. Science 2021; 374:eabj6641. [PMID: 34882453 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Mi
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Youqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Le Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BNU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Guangdong 519031, China
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25
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Cirnaru MD, Creus-Muncunill J, Nelson S, Lewis TB, Watson J, Ellerby LM, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Ehrlich ME. Striatal Cholinergic Dysregulation after Neonatal Decrease in X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism-Related TAF1 Isoforms. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2780-2794. [PMID: 34403156 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked dystonia parkinsonism is a generalized, progressive dystonia followed by parkinsonism with onset in adulthood and accompanied by striatal neurodegeneration. Causative mutations are located in a noncoding region of the TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1) gene and result in aberrant splicing. There are 2 major TAF1 isoforms that may be decreased in symptomatic patients, including the ubiquitously expressed canonical cTAF1 and the neuronal-specific nTAF1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the behavioral and transcriptomic effects of decreased cTAF1 and/or nTAF1 in vivo. METHODS We generated adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding microRNAs targeting Taf1 in a splice-isoform selective manner. We performed intracerebroventricular viral injections in newborn mice and rats and intrastriatal infusions in 3-week-old rats. The effects of Taf1 knockdown were assayed at 4 months of age with evaluation of motor function, histology, and RNA sequencing of the striatum, followed by its validation. RESULTS We report motor deficits in all cohorts, more pronounced in animals injected at P0, in which we also identified transcriptomic alterations in multiple neuronal pathways, including the cholinergic synapse. In both species, we show a reduced number of striatal cholinergic interneurons and their marker mRNAs after Taf1 knockdown in the newborn. CONCLUSION This study provides novel information regarding the requirement for TAF1 in the postnatal maintenance of striatal cholinergic neurons, the dysfunction of which is involved in other inherited forms of dystonia. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Daniela Cirnaru
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shareen Nelson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Travis B Lewis
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime Watson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Cirnaru MD, Song S, Tshilenge KT, Corwin C, Mleczko J, Galicia Aguirre C, Benlhabib H, Bendl J, Apontes P, Fullard J, Creus-Muncunill J, Reyahi A, Nik AM, Carlsson P, Roussos P, Mooney SD, Ellerby LM, Ehrlich ME. Unbiased identification of novel transcription factors in striatal compartmentation and striosome maturation. eLife 2021; 10:e65979. [PMID: 34609283 PMCID: PMC8492065 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are linked to dysregulation of the striatum. Striatal function depends on neuronal compartmentation into striosomes and matrix. Striatal projection neurons are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), subtyped by selective expression of receptors, neuropeptides, and other gene families. Neurogenesis of the striosome and matrix occurs in separate waves, but the factors regulating compartmentation and neuronal differentiation are largely unidentified. We performed RNA- and ATAC-seq on sorted striosome and matrix cells at postnatal day 3, using the Nr4a1-EGFP striosome reporter mouse. Focusing on the striosome, we validated the localization and/or role of Irx1, Foxf2, Olig2, and Stat1/2 in the developing striosome and the in vivo enhancer function of a striosome-specific open chromatin region 4.4 Kb downstream of Olig2. These data provide novel tools to dissect and manipulate the networks regulating MSN compartmentation and differentiation, including in human iPSC-derived striatal neurons for disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Daniela Cirnaru
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sicheng Song
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Chuhyon Corwin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Justyna Mleczko
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Houda Benlhabib
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pasha Apontes
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Azadeh Reyahi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Ali M Nik
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Peter Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South)BronxUnited States
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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27
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López JM, Jiménez S, Morona R, Lozano D, Moreno N. Analysis of Islet-1, Nkx2.1, Pax6, and Orthopedia in the forebrain of the sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus identifies conserved prosomeric characteristics. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:834-855. [PMID: 34547112 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The distribution patterns of a set of conserved brain developmental regulatory transcription factors were analyzed in the forebrain of the basal actinopterygian fish Acipenser ruthenus, consistent with the prosomeric model. In the telencephalon, the pallium was characterized by ventricular expression of Pax6. In the subpallium, the combined expression of Nkx2.1/Islet-1 (Isl1) allowed to propose ventral and dorsal areas, as the septo-pallidal (Nkx2.1/Isl1+) and striatal derivatives (Isl1+), respectively, and a dorsal portion of the striatal derivatives, ventricularly rich in Pax6 and devoid of Isl1 expression. Dispersed Orthopedia (Otp) cells were found in the supracommissural and posterior nuclei of the ventral telencephalon, related to the medial portion of the amygdaloid complex. The preoptic area was identified by the Nkx2.1/Isl1 expression. In the alar hypothalamus, an Otp-expressing territory, lacking Nkx2.1/Isl1, was identified as the paraventricular domain. The adjacent subparaventricular domain (Spa) was subdivided in a rostral territory expressing Nkx2.1 and an Isl1+ caudal one. In the basal hypothalamus, the tuberal region was defined by the Nkx2.1/Isl1 expression and a rostral Otp-expressing domain was identified. Moreover, the Otp/Nkx2.1 combination showed an additional zone lacking Isl1, tentatively identified as the mamillary area. In the diencephalon, both Pax6 and Isl1 defined the prethalamic domain, and within the basal prosomere 3, scattered Pax6- and Isl1-expressing cells were observed in the posterior tubercle. Finally, a small group of Pax6 cells was observed in the pretectal area. These results improve the understanding of the forebrain evolution and demonstrate that its basic bauplan is present very early in the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Allison T, Langerman J, Sabri S, Otero-Garcia M, Lund A, Huang J, Wei X, Samarasinghe RA, Polioudakis D, Mody I, Cobos I, Novitch BG, Geschwind DH, Plath K, Lowry WE. Defining the nature of human pluripotent stem cell-derived interneurons via single-cell analysis. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2548-2564. [PMID: 34506726 PMCID: PMC8514853 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The specification of inhibitory neurons has been described for the mouse and human brain, and many studies have shown that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be used to create interneurons in vitro. It is unclear whether in vitro methods to produce human interneurons generate all the subtypes found in brain, and how similar in vitro and in vivo interneurons are. We applied single-nuclei and single-cell transcriptomics to model interneuron development from human cortex and interneurons derived from PSCs. We provide a direct comparison of various in vitro interneuron derivation methods to determine the homogeneity achieved. We find that PSC-derived interneurons capture stages of development prior to mid-gestation, and represent a minority of potential subtypes found in brain. Comparison with those found in fetal or adult brain highlighted decreased expression of synapse-related genes. These analyses highlight the potential to tailor the method of generation to drive formation of particular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Allison
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin Langerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Sabri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Bioinformatics PhD Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcos Otero-Garcia
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Lund
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Huang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Wei
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ranmal A. Samarasinghe
- Broad Stem Cell Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Neurobiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Damon Polioudakis
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Istvan Mody
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Inma Cobos
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bennett G. Novitch
- Broad Stem Cell Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Neurobiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Broad Stem Cell Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Bioinformatics PhD Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author
| | - William E. Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Broad Stem Cell Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author
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29
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Krajka V, Naujock M, Pauly MG, Stengel F, Meier B, Stanslowsky N, Klein C, Seibler P, Wegner F, Capetian P. Ventral Telencephalic Patterning Protocols for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716249. [PMID: 34490265 PMCID: PMC8416478 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into specific cell types for disease modeling and restorative therapies is a key research agenda and offers the possibility to obtain patient-specific cells of interest for a wide range of diseases. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) play a particular role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s dementia and isolated dystonias. In this work, various directed differentiation protocols based on monolayer neural induction were tested for their effectiveness in promoting a ventral telencephalic phenotype and generating BFCN. Ventralizing factors [i.e., purmorphamine and Sonic hedgehog (SHH)] were applied at different time points, time intervals, and concentrations. In addition, caudal identity was prevented by the use of a small molecule XAV-939 that inhibits the Wnt-pathway. After patterning, gene expression profiles were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Rostro-ventral patterning is most effective when initiated simultaneously with neural induction. The most promising combination of patterning factors was 0.5 μM of purmorphamine and 1 μM of XAV-939, which induces the highest expression of transcription factors specific for the medial ganglionic eminence, the source of GABAergic inter- and cholinergic neurons in the telencephalon. Upon maturation of cells, the immune phenotype, as well as electrophysiological properties were investigated showing the presence of marker proteins specific for BFCN (choline acetyltransferase, ISL1, p75, and NKX2.1) and GABAergic neurons. Moreover, a considerable fraction of measured cells displayed mature electrophysiological properties. Synaptic boutons containing the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT) could be observed in the vicinity of the cells. This work will help to generate basal forebrain interneurons from hiPSCs, providing a promising platform for modeling neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krajka
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Martje G Pauly
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix Stengel
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Meier
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Philipp Capetian
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Chang CC, Kuo HY, Chen SY, Lin WT, Lu KM, Saito T, Liu FC. Developmental Characterization of Schizophrenia-Associated Gene Zswim6 in Mouse Forebrain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:669631. [PMID: 34054439 PMCID: PMC8161499 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.669631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disease with a globally 1% life-long prevalence. Clinical studies have linked Zswim6 mutations to developmental and neurological diseases, including schizophrenia. Zswim6’s function remains largely unknown. Given the involvement of Zswim6 in schizophrenia and schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disease, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Zswim6 in the developing brain. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Zswim6 in the mouse forebrain by in situ hybridization with radioactive and non-radioactive-labeled riboprobes. Zswim6 mRNA was detected as early as E11.5 in the ventral forebrain. At E11.5–E13.5, Zswim6 was highly expressed in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). The LGE consisted of two progenitor populations. Dlx+;Er81+ cells in dorsal LGE comprised progenitors of olfactory bulb interneurons, whereas Dlx+;Isl1+ progenitors in ventral LGE gave rise to striatal projection neurons. Zswim6 was not colocalized with Er81 in the dorsal LGE. In the ventral LGE, Zswim6 was colocalized with striatal progenitor marker Nolz-1. Zswim6 was highly expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of LGE in which progenitors undergo the transition from proliferation to differentiation. Double labeling showed that Zswim6 was not colocalized with proliferation marker Ki67 but was colocalized with differentiation marker Tuj1 in the SVZ, suggesting Zswim6 expression in early differentiating neurons. Zswim6 was also expressed in the adjacent structures of medial and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE, CGE) that contained progenitors of cortical interneurons. At E15.5 and E17.5, Zswim6 was expressed in several key brain regions that were involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, including the striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and medial habenular nucleus. Zswim6 was persistently expressed in the postnatal brain. Cell type analysis indicated that Zswim6 mRNA was colocalized with D1R-expressing striatonigral and D2R-expressing striatopallidal neurons of the adult striatum with a higher colocalization in striatopallidal neurons. These findings are of particular interest as striatal dopamine D2 receptors are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In summary, the comprehensive analysis provides an anatomical framework for the study of Zswim6 function and Zswim6-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chie Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ying Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuichiro Saito
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Poppi LA, Ho-Nguyen KT, Shi A, Daut CT, Tischfield MA. Recurrent Implication of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in a Range of Neurodevelopmental, Neurodegenerative, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:907. [PMID: 33920757 PMCID: PMC8071147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons are "gatekeepers" for striatal circuitry and play pivotal roles in attention, goal-directed actions, habit formation, and behavioral flexibility. Accordingly, perturbations to striatal cholinergic interneurons have been associated with many neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of acetylcholine in many of these disorders is well known, but the use of drugs targeting cholinergic systems fell out of favor due to adverse side effects and the introduction of other broadly acting compounds. However, in response to recent findings, re-examining the mechanisms of cholinergic interneuron dysfunction may reveal key insights into underlying pathogeneses. Here, we provide an update on striatal cholinergic interneuron function, connectivity, and their putative involvement in several disorders. In doing so, we aim to spotlight recurring physiological themes, circuits, and mechanisms that can be investigated in future studies using new tools and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Poppi
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Tourette International Collaborative (TIC) Genetics Study, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Khue Tu Ho-Nguyen
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna Shi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cynthia T. Daut
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Tourette International Collaborative (TIC) Genetics Study, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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32
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Poulin JF, Luppi MP, Hofer C, Caronia G, Hsu PK, Chan CS, Awatramani R. PRISM: A Progenitor-Restricted Intersectional Fate Mapping Approach Redefines Forebrain Lineages. Dev Cell 2021; 53:740-753.e3. [PMID: 32574593 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lineage tracing aims to identify the progeny of a defined population of dividing progenitor cells, a daunting task in the developing central nervous system where thousands of cell types are generated. In mice, lineage analysis has been accomplished using Cre recombinase to indelibly label a defined progenitor population and its progeny. However, the interpretation of historical recombination events is hampered by the fact that driver genes are often expressed in both progenitors and postmitotic cells. Genetically inducible approaches provide temporal specificity but are afflicted by mosaicism and toxicity. Here, we present PRISM, a progenitor-restricted intersectional fate mapping approach in which Flp recombinase expression is both dependent on Cre and restricted to neural progenitors, thus circumventing the aforementioned confounds. This tool can be used in conjunction with existing Cre lines making it broadly applicable. We applied PRISM to resolve two developmentally important, but contentious, lineages-Shh and Cux2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Poulin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Milagros Pereira Luppi
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caitlyn Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Giuliana Caronia
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pei-Ken Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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33
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Turrero García M, Stegmann SK, Lacey TE, Reid CM, Hrvatin S, Weinreb C, Adam MA, Nagy MA, Harwell CC. Transcriptional profiling of sequentially generated septal neuron fates. eLife 2021; 10:71545. [PMID: 34851821 PMCID: PMC8694698 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The septum is a ventral forebrain structure known to regulate innate behaviors. During embryonic development, septal neurons are produced in multiple proliferative areas from neural progenitors following transcriptional programs that are still largely unknown. Here, we use a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, histology, and genetic models to address how septal neuron diversity is established during neurogenesis. We find that the transcriptional profiles of septal progenitors change along neurogenesis, coinciding with the generation of distinct neuron types. We characterize the septal eminence, an anatomically distinct and transient proliferative zone composed of progenitors with distinctive molecular profiles, proliferative capacity, and fate potential compared to the rostral septal progenitor zone. We show that Nkx2.1-expressing septal eminence progenitors give rise to neurons belonging to at least three morphological classes, born in temporal cohorts that are distributed across different septal nuclei in a sequential fountain-like pattern. Our study provides insight into the molecular programs that control the sequential production of different neuronal types in the septum, a structure with important roles in regulating mood and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah K Stegmann
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Tiara E Lacey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Biological and Biomedical Sciences PhD program at Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,PhD Program in Neuroscience at Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sinisa Hrvatin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Caleb Weinreb
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,PhD Program in Systems Biology at Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Manal A Adam
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - M Aurel Nagy
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,PhD Program in Neuroscience at Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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34
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Allaway KC, Muñoz W, Tremblay R, Sherer M, Herron J, Rudy B, Machold R, Fishell G. Cellular birthdate predicts laminar and regional cholinergic projection topography in the forebrain. eLife 2020; 9:63249. [PMID: 33355093 PMCID: PMC7758062 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system projects broadly throughout the cortex and constitutes a critical source of neuromodulation for arousal and attention. Traditionally, this system was thought to function diffusely. However, recent studies have revealed a high degree of spatiotemporal specificity in cholinergic signaling. How the organization of cholinergic afferents confers this level of precision remains unknown. Here, using intersectional genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that cholinergic fibers within the mouse cortex exhibit remarkable laminar and regional specificity and that this is organized in accordance with cellular birthdate. Strikingly, birthdated cholinergic projections within the cortex follow an inside-out pattern of innervation. While early born cholinergic populations target deep layers, late born ones innervate superficial laminae. We also find that birthdate predicts cholinergic innervation patterns within the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Our work reveals previously unappreciated specificity within the cholinergic system and the developmental logic by which these circuits are assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Allaway
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - William Muñoz
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Robin Tremblay
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Mia Sherer
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Jacob Herron
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Robert Machold
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States
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35
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Diaz C, Puelles L. Developmental Genes and Malformations in the Hypothalamus. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:607111. [PMID: 33324176 PMCID: PMC7726113 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.607111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a heterogeneous rostral forebrain region that regulates physiological processes essential for survival, energy metabolism, and reproduction, mainly mediated by the pituitary gland. In the updated prosomeric model, the hypothalamus represents the rostralmost forebrain, composed of two segmental regions (terminal and peduncular hypothalamus), which extend respectively into the non-evaginated preoptic telencephalon and the evaginated pallio-subpallial telencephalon. Complex genetic cascades of transcription factors and signaling molecules rule their development. Alterations of some of these molecular mechanisms acting during forebrain development are associated with more or less severe hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunctions, which may be associated with brain malformations such as holoprosencephaly or septo-optic dysplasia. Studies on transgenic mice with mutated genes encoding critical transcription factors implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary development are contributing to understanding the high clinical complexity of these pathologies. In this review article, we will analyze first the complex molecular genoarchitecture of the hypothalamus resulting from the activity of previous morphogenetic signaling centers and secondly some malformations related to alterations in genes implicated in the development of the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diaz
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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36
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Murcia-Ramón R, Company V, Juárez-Leal I, Andreu-Cervera A, Almagro-García F, Martínez S, Echevarría D, Puelles E. Neuronal tangential migration from Nkx2.1-positive hypothalamus. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2857-2869. [PMID: 33145610 PMCID: PMC7674375 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system, the immature neurons suffer different migration processes. It is well known that Nkx2.1-positive ventricular layer give rise to critical tangential migrations into different regions of the developing forebrain. Our aim was to study this phenomenon in the hypothalamic region. With this purpose, we used a transgenic mouse line that expresses the tdTomato reporter driven by the promotor of Nkx2.1. Analysing the Nkx2.1-positive derivatives at E18.5, we found neural contributions to the prethalamic region, mainly in the zona incerta and in the mes-diencephalic tegmental region. We studied the developing hypothalamus along the embryonic period. From E10.5 we detected that the Nkx2.1 expression domain was narrower than the reporter distribution. Therefore, the Nkx2.1 expression fades in a great number of the early-born neurons from the Nkx2.1-positive territory. At the most caudal positive part, we detected a thin stream of positive neurons migrating caudally into the mes-diencephalic tegmental region using time-lapse experiments on open neural tube explants. Late in development, we found a second migratory stream into the prethalamic territory. All these tangentially migrated neurons developed a gabaergic phenotype. In summary, we have described the contribution of interneurons from the Nkx2.1-positive hypothalamic territory into two different rostrocaudal territories: the mes-diencephalic reticular formation through a caudal tangential migration and the prethalamic zona incerta complex through a dorsocaudal tangential migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Murcia-Ramón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Verónica Company
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iris Juárez-Leal
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisca Almagro-García
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego Echevarría
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
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37
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Ma S, Zang T, Liu ML, Zhang CL. Aging-relevant human basal forebrain cholinergic neurons as a cell model for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:61. [PMID: 33087140 PMCID: PMC7579825 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an adult-onset mental disorder with aging as a major risk factor. Early and progressive degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) contributes substantially to cognitive impairments of AD. An aging-relevant cell model of BFCNs will critically help understand AD and identify potential therapeutics. Recent studies demonstrate that induced neurons directly reprogrammed from adult human skin fibroblasts retain aging-associated features. However, human induced BFCNs (hiBFCNs) have yet to be achieved. Methods We examined a reprogramming procedure for the generation of aging-relevant hiBFCNs through virus-mediated expression of fate-determining transcription factors. Skin fibroblasts were obtained from healthy young persons, healthy adults and sporadic AD patients. Properties of the induced neurons were examined by immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and electrophysiology. Results We established a protocol for efficient generation of hiBFCNs from adult human skin fibroblasts. They show electrophysiological properties of mature neurons and express BFCN-specific markers, such as CHAT, p75NTR, ISL1, and VACHT. As a proof-of-concept, our preliminary results further reveal that hiBFCNs from sporadic AD patients exhibit time-dependent TAU hyperphosphorylation in the soma and dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic transport activities. Conclusions Aging-relevant BFCNs can be directly reprogrammed from human skin fibroblasts of healthy adults and sporadic AD patients. They show promises as an aging-relevant cell model for understanding AD pathology and may be employed for therapeutics identification for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tong Zang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Meng-Lu Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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38
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Lindtner S, Li Z, Xu Z, Wei S, Liang Q, Wen Y, Tao G, You Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Rubenstein JL, Yang Z. Sp9 Regulates Medial Ganglionic Eminence-Derived Cortical Interneuron Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2653-2667. [PMID: 29878134 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature neurons generated by the subpallial MGE tangentially migrate to the cortex where they become parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin (SST+) interneurons. Here, we show that the Sp9 transcription factor controls the development of MGE-derived cortical interneurons. SP9 is expressed in the MGE subventricular zone and in MGE-derived migrating interneurons. Sp9 null and conditional mutant mice have approximately 50% reduction of MGE-derived cortical interneurons, an ectopic aggregation of MGE-derived neurons in the embryonic ventral telencephalon, and an increased ratio of SST+/PV+ cortical interneurons. RNA-Seq and SP9 ChIP-Seq reveal that SP9 regulates MGE-derived cortical interneuron development through controlling the expression of key transcription factors Arx, Lhx6, Lhx8, Nkx2-1, and Zeb2 involved in interneuron development, as well as genes implicated in regulating interneuron migration Ackr3, Epha3, and St18. Thus, Sp9 has a central transcriptional role in MGE-derived cortical interneuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Lindtner
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhejun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Lebouc M, Richard Q, Garret M, Baufreton J. Striatal circuit development and its alterations in Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105076. [PMID: 32898646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that usually starts during midlife with progressive alterations of motor and cognitive functions. The disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the huntingtin gene leading to severe striatal neurodegeneration. Recent studies conducted on pre-HD children highlight early striatal developmental alterations starting as soon as 6 years old, the earliest age assessed. These findings, in line with data from mouse models of HD, raise the questions of when during development do the first disease-related striatal alterations emerge and whether they contribute to the later appearance of the neurodegenerative features of the disease. In this review we will describe the different stages of striatal network development and then discuss recent evidence for its alterations in rodent models of the disease. We argue that a better understanding of the striatum's development should help in assessing aberrant neurodevelopmental processes linked to the HD mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Lebouc
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Quentin Richard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurice Garret
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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40
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Fitzgerald M, Sotuyo N, Tischfield DJ, Anderson SA. Generation of cerebral cortical GABAergic interneurons from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1375-1386. [PMID: 32638460 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex functions by the complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal activities, glial actions, and the effects of humoral factors. The intrinsic neuronal influences are mediated by two major subclasses: excitatory glutamatergic neurons that generally have axonal projections extending beyond the neuron's locality and inhibitory GABAergic neurons that generally project locally. These interneurons can be grouped based on morphological, neurochemical, electrophysiological, axonal targeting, and circuit influence characteristics. Cortical interneurons (CIns) can also be grouped based on their origins within the subcortical telencephalon. Interneuron subtypes, of which a dozen or more are thought to exist, are characterized by combinations of these subgrouping features. Due to their well-documented relevance to the causes of and treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, and to their remarkable capacity to migrate extensively following transplantation, there has been tremendous interest in generating cortical GABAergic interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells. In this concise review, we discuss recent progress in understanding how interneuron subtypes are generated in vivo, and how that progress is being applied to the generation of rodent and human CIns in vitro. In addition, we will discuss approaches for the rigorous designation of interneuron subgroups or subtypes in transplantation studies, and challenges to this field, including the protracted maturation of human interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fitzgerald
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathaniel Sotuyo
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Tischfield
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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41
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Enterría-Morales D, Del Rey NLG, Blesa J, López-López I, Gallet S, Prévot V, López-Barneo J, d'Anglemont de Tassigny X. Molecular targets for endogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor modulation in striatal parvalbumin interneurons. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa105. [PMID: 32954345 PMCID: PMC7472905 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of recombinant glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor into the putamen has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate its neuroprotective effects on the progressive dopaminergic neuronal degeneration that characterizes Parkinson’s disease. However, intracerebral glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor infusion is a challenging therapeutic strategy, with numerous potential technical and medical limitations. Most of these limitations could be avoided if the production of endogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor could be increased. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is naturally produced in the striatum from where it exerts a trophic action on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Most of striatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is synthesized by a subset of GABAergic interneurons characterized by the expression of parvalbumin. We sought to identify molecular targets specific to those neurons and which are putatively associated with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor synthesis. To this end, the transcriptomic differences between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-positive parvalbumin neurons in the striatum and parvalbumin neurons located in the nearby cortex, which do not express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, were analysed. Using mouse reporter models, we have defined the genomic signature of striatal parvalbumin interneurons obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting followed by microarray comparison. Short-listed genes were validated by additional histological and molecular analyses. These genes code for membrane receptors (Kit, Gpr83, Tacr1, Tacr3, Mc3r), cytosolic proteins (Pde3a, Crabp1, Rarres2, Moxd1) and a transcription factor (Lhx8). We also found the proto-oncogene cKit to be highly specific of parvalbumin interneurons in the non-human primate striatum, thus highlighting a conserved expression between species and suggesting that specific genes identified in mouse parvalbumin neurons could be putative targets in the human brain. Pharmacological stimulation of four G-protein-coupled receptors enriched in the striatal parvalbumin interneurons inhibited Gdnf expression presumably by decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation. Additional experiments with pharmacological modulators of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A indicated that this pathway is a relevant intracellular route to induce Gdnf gene activation. This preclinical study is an important step in the ongoing development of a specific pro-endo-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor pharmacological strategy to treat Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Enterría-Morales
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivette López-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sarah Gallet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier d'Anglemont de Tassigny
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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42
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Salado-Manzano C, Perpiña U, Straccia M, Molina-Ruiz FJ, Cozzi E, Rosser AE, Canals JM. Is the Immunological Response a Bottleneck for Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:250. [PMID: 32848630 PMCID: PMC7433375 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by a selective detrimental impact on neurons in a specific brain area. Currently, these diseases have no cures, although some promising trials of therapies that may be able to slow the loss of brain cells are underway. Cell therapy is distinguished by its potential to replace cells to compensate for those lost to the degenerative process and has shown a great potential to replace degenerated neurons in animal models and in clinical trials in PD and HD patients. Fetal-derived neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are the main cell sources that have been tested in cell therapy approaches. Furthermore, new strategies are emerging, such as the use of adult stem cells, encapsulated cell lines releasing trophic factors or cell-free products, containing an enriched secretome, which have shown beneficial preclinical outcomes. One of the major challenges for these potential new treatments is to overcome the host immune response to the transplanted cells. Immune rejection can cause significant alterations in transplanted and endogenous tissue and requires immunosuppressive drugs that may produce adverse effects. T-, B-lymphocytes and microglia have been recognized as the main effectors in striatal graft rejection. This review aims to summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapies in PD and HD. In addition, the precautions and strategies to ensure the highest quality of cell grafts, the lowest risk during transplantation and the reduction of a possible immune rejection will be outlined. Altogether, the wide-ranging possibilities of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) could make therapeutic treatment of these incurable diseases possible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Salado-Manzano
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Perpiña
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Molina-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anne E. Rosser
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Josep M. Canals
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Are Functionally Mature In Vitro and Integrate into the Mouse Striatum Following Transplantation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2766-2798. [PMID: 32356172 PMCID: PMC7253531 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a powerful tool for modelling human development. In recent years, hPSCs have become central in cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases given their potential to replace affected neurons. However, directing hPSCs into specific neuronal types is complex and requires an accurate protocol that mimics endogenous neuronal development. Here we describe step-by-step a fast feeder-free neuronal differentiation protocol to direct hPSCs to mature forebrain neurons in 37 days in vitro (DIV). The protocol is based upon a combination of specific morphogens, trophic and growth factors, ions, neurotransmitters and extracellular matrix elements. A human-induced PSC line (Ctr-Q33) and a human embryonic stem cell line (GEN-Q18) were used to reinforce the potential of the protocol. Neuronal activity was analysed by single-cell calcium imaging. At 8 DIV, we obtained a homogeneous population of hPSC-derived neuroectodermal progenitors which self-arranged in bi-dimensional neural tube-like structures. At 16 DIV, we generated hPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with mostly a subpallial identity along with a subpopulation of pallial NPCs. Terminal in vitro neuronal differentiation was confirmed by the expression of microtubule associated protein 2b (Map 2b) by almost 100% of hPSC-derived neurons and the expression of specific-striatal neuronal markers including GABA, CTIP2 and DARPP-32. HPSC-derived neurons showed mature and functional phenotypes as they expressed synaptic markers, voltage-gated ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Neurons displayed diverse spontaneous activity patterns that were classified into three major groups, namely “high”, “intermediate” and “low” firing neurons. Finally, transplantation experiments showed that the NPCs survived and differentiated within mouse striatum for at least 3 months. NPCs integrated host environmental cues and differentiated into striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which successfully integrated into the endogenous circuitry without teratoma formation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the potential of this robust human neuronal differentiation protocol, which will bring new opportunities for the study of human neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, and will open new avenues in cell-based therapies, pharmacological studies and alternative in vitro toxicology.
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44
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Rahman T, Weickert CS, Harms L, Meehan C, Schall U, Todd J, Hodgson DM, Michie PT, Purves-Tyson T. Effect of Immune Activation during Early Gestation or Late Gestation on Inhibitory Markers in Adult Male Rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1982. [PMID: 32029751 PMCID: PMC7004984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
People with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in inhibitory neurons and cognition. The timing of maternal immune activation (MIA) may present distinct schizophrenia-like phenotypes in progeny. We investigated whether early gestation [gestational day (GD) 10] or late gestation (GD19) MIA, via viral mimetic polyI:C, produces deficits in inhibitory neuron indices (GAD1, PVALB, SST, SSTR2 mRNAs) within cortical, striatal, and hippocampal subregions of male adult rat offspring. In situ hybridisation revealed that polyI:C offspring had: (1) SST mRNA reductions in the cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens shell, regardless of MIA timing; (2) SSTR2 mRNA reductions in the cortex and striatum of GD19, but not GD10, MIA; (3) no alterations in cortical or striatal GAD1 mRNA of polyI:C offspring, but an expected reduction of PVALB mRNA in the infralimbic cortex, and; (4) no alterations in inhibitory markers in hippocampus. Maternal IL-6 response negatively correlated with adult offspring SST mRNA in cortex and striatum, but not hippocampus. These results show lasting inhibitory-related deficits in cortex and striatum in adult offspring from MIA. SST downregulation in specific cortical and striatal subregions, with additional deficits in somatostatin-related signalling through SSTR2, may contribute to some of the adult behavioural changes resulting from MIA and its timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Rahman
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Harms
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Crystal Meehan
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tertia Purves-Tyson
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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45
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Hsing HW, Zhuang ZH, Niou ZX, Chou SJ. Temporal Differences in Interneuron Invasion of Neocortex and Piriform Cortex during Mouse Cortical Development. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:3015-3029. [PMID: 31838488 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a balance between excitation and inhibition is critical for brain functions. However, how inhibitory interneurons (INs) generated in the ventral telencephalon integrate with the excitatory neurons generated in the dorsal telencephalon remains elusive. Previous studies showed that INs migrating tangentially to enter the neocortex (NCx), remain in the migratory stream for days before invading the cortical plate during late corticogenesis. Here we show that in developing mouse cortices, INs in the piriform cortex (PCx; the major olfactory cortex) distribute differently from those in the NCx. We provide evidence that during development INs invade and mature earlier in PCx than in NCx, likely owing to the lack of CXCR4 expression in INs from PCx compared to those in NCx. We analyzed IN distribution patterns in Lhx2 cKO mice, where projection neurons in the lateral NCx are re-fated to generate an ectopic PCx (ePCx). The PCx-specific IN distribution patterns found in ePCx suggest that properties of PCx projection neurons regulate IN distribution. Collectively, our results show that the timing of IN invasion in the developing PCx fundamentally differs from what is known in the NCx. Further, our results suggest that projection neurons instruct the PCx-specific pattern of IN distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wei Hsing
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hui Zhuang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Xian Niou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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46
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Wullimann MF, Umeasalugo KE. Sonic hedgehog expression in zebrafish forebrain identifies the teleostean pallidal signaling center and shows preglomerular complex and posterior tubercular dopamine cells to arise from shh cells. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1321-1348. [PMID: 31760659 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventralization, a major patterning process in the developing vertebrate neural tube (central nervous system, CNS), depends on Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a main signaling morphogen. We studied the CNS of late larval and young adult zebrafish in a transgenic shh-GFP line revealing increased neuroanatomical detail due to the progressed differentiation state compared to earlier stages. Some major findings emerge from the present study. (a) shh -GFP is still expressed along the adult zebrafish CNS neuraxis in most locations seen in larvae. (b) We newly identify a ventroposterior shh pallidal domain representing the basal telencephalic signaling center important for basal ganglia development known in other vertebrates (i.e., the anterior entopeduncular area-basal medial ganglionic eminence of mammals). (c) We further show late-emerging shh-GFP positive radial glia cells in the medial zone of the dorsal telencephalon (i.e., the teleostan pallial amygdala). (d) Immunostains for tyrosine hydroxylase demonstrate that there is selective colocalization in adult dopamine cells with shh-GFP in the posterior tuberculum, including in projection cells to striatum, which represents a striking parallel to amniote mesodiencephalic dopamine cell origin from shh expressing floor plate cells. (e) There is no colocalization of shh and islet1 as shown by respective shh-GFP and islet1-GFP lines. (f) The only radially far migrated shh-GFP cells are located in the preglomerular area. (g) There are no adult cerebellar and tectal shh-GFP cells confirming their exclusive role during early development as previously reported by our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Wullimann
- Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Kosisochukwu E Umeasalugo
- Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
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47
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Abstract
Brain tissue lost after a stroke is not regenerated, although a repair response associated with neurogenesis does occur. A failure to regenerate functional brain tissue is not caused by the lack of available neural cells, but rather the absence of structural support to permit a repopulation of the lesion cavity. Inductive bioscaffolds can provide this support and promote the invasion of host cells into the tissue void. The putative mechanisms of bioscaffold degradation and its pivotal role to permit invasion of neural cells are reviewed and discussed in comparison to peripheral wound healing. Key differences between regenerating and non-regenerating tissues are contrasted in an evolutionary context, with a special focus on the neurogenic response as a conditio sine qua non for brain regeneration. The pivotal role of the immune system in biodegradation and the formation of a neovasculature are contextualized with regeneration of peripheral soft tissues. The application of rehabilitation to integrate newly forming brain tissue is suggested as necessary to develop functional tissue that can alleviate behavioral impairments. Pertinent aspects of brain tissue development are considered to provide guidance to produce a metabolically and functionally integrated de novo tissue. Although little is currently known about mechanisms involved in brain tissue regeneration, this review outlines the various components and their interplay to provide a framework for ongoing and future studies. It is envisaged that a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in brain tissue regeneration will improve the design of biomaterials and the methods used for implantation, as well as rehabilitation strategies that support the restoration of behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Michel Modo,
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48
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Zielinski MR, Atochin DN, McNally JM, McKenna JT, Huang PL, Strecker RE, Gerashchenko D. Somatostatin+/nNOS+ neurons are involved in delta electroencephalogram activity and cortical-dependent recognition memory. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz143. [PMID: 31328777 PMCID: PMC6783898 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA) is an oscillatory neocortical activity occurring in the electroencephalogram delta (δ) frequency range (~0.5-4 Hz) during nonrapid eye movement sleep. SWA is a reliable indicator of sleep homeostasis after acute sleep loss and is involved in memory processes. Evidence suggests that cortical neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expressing neurons that coexpress somatostatin (SST) play a key role in regulating SWA. However, previous studies lacked selectivity in targeting specific types of neurons that coexpress nNOS-cells which are activated in the cortex after sleep loss. We produced a mouse model that knocks out nNOS expression in neurons that coexpress SST throughout the cortex. Mice lacking nNOS expression in SST positive neurons exhibited significant impairments in both homeostatic low-δ frequency range SWA production and a recognition memory task that relies on cortical input. These results highlight that SST+/nNOS+ neurons are involved in the SWA homeostatic response and cortex-dependent recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - James M McNally
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - James T McKenna
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Robert E Strecker
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
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49
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Meier S, Alfonsi F, Kurniawan ND, Milne MR, Kasherman MA, Delogu A, Piper M, Coulson EJ. The p75 neurotrophin receptor is required for the survival of neuronal progenitors and normal formation of the basal forebrain, striatum, thalamus and neocortex. Development 2019; 146:dev.181933. [PMID: 31488566 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During development, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is widely expressed in the nervous system where it regulates neuronal differentiation, migration and axonal outgrowth. p75NTR also mediates the survival and death of newly born neurons, with functional outcomes being dependent on both timing and cellular context. Here, we show that knockout of p75NTR from embryonic day 10 (E10) in neural progenitors using a conditional Nestin-Cre p75NTR floxed mouse causes increased apoptosis of progenitor cells. By E14.5, the number of Tbr2-positive progenitor cells was significantly reduced and the rate of neurogenesis was halved. Furthermore, in adult knockout mice, there were fewer cortical pyramidal neurons, interneurons, cholinergic basal forebrain neurons and striatal neurons, corresponding to a relative reduction in volume of these structures. Thalamic midline fusion during early postnatal development was also impaired in Nestin-Cre p75NTR floxed mice, indicating a novel role for p75NTR in the formation of this structure. The phenotype of this strain demonstrates that p75NTR regulates multiple aspects of brain development, including cortical progenitor cell survival, and that expression during early neurogenesis is required for appropriate formation of telencephalic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Meier
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabienne Alfonsi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Milne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria A Kasherman
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 4122 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Michael Piper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Ahmed NY, Knowles R, Dehorter N. New Insights Into Cholinergic Neuron Diversity. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:204. [PMID: 31551706 PMCID: PMC6736589 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons comprise a small population of cells in the striatum but have fundamental roles in fine tuning brain function, and in the etiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or schizophrenia. The process of developmental cell specification underlying neuronal identity and function is an area of great current interest. There has been significant progress in identifying the developmental origins, commonalities in molecular markers, and physiological properties of the cholinergic neurons. Currently, we are aware of a number of key factors that promote cholinergic fate during development. However, the extent of cholinergic cell diversity is still largely underestimated. New insights into the biological basis of their specification indicate that cholinergic neurons may be far more diverse than previously thought. This review article, highlights the physiological features and the synaptic properties that segregate cholinergic cell subtypes. It provides an accurate picture of cholinergic cell diversity underlying their organization and function in neuronal networks. This review article, also discusses current challenges in deciphering the logic of the cholinergic cell heterogeneity that plays a fundamental role in the control of neural processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorya Yasmin Ahmed
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rhys Knowles
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathalie Dehorter
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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