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Wang J, Zhang B, Li L, Tang X, Zeng J, Song Y, Xu C, Zhao K, Liu G, Lu Y, Li X, Shu K. Repetitive traumatic brain injury-induced complement C1-related inflammation impairs long-term hippocampal neurogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:821-835. [PMID: 38886955 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00027/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Repetitive traumatic brain injury impacts adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, leading to long-term cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism underlying this neurogenesis impairment remains unknown. In this study, we established a male mouse model of repetitive traumatic brain injury and performed long-term evaluation of neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus after repetitive traumatic brain injury. Our results showed that repetitive traumatic brain injury inhibited neural stem cell proliferation and development, delayed neuronal maturation, and reduced the complexity of neuronal dendrites and spines. Mice with repetitive traumatic brain injuryalso showed deficits in spatial memory retrieval. Moreover, following repetitive traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation was enhanced in the neurogenesis microenvironment where C1q levels were increased, C1q binding protein levels were decreased, and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was downregulated. An inhibitor of C1 reversed the long-term impairment of neurogenesis induced by repetitive traumatic brain injury and improved neurological function. These findings suggest that repetitive traumatic brain injury-induced C1-related inflammation impairs long-term neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and contributes to spatial memory retrieval dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinyu Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yige Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Graduate Student, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medical Science, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Chauquet S, Willis EF, Grice L, Harley SBR, Powell JE, Wray NR, Nguyen Q, Ruitenberg MJ, Shah S, Vukovic J. Exercise rejuvenates microglia and reverses T cell accumulation in the aged female mouse brain. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14172. [PMID: 38747044 PMCID: PMC11258432 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Slowing and/or reversing brain ageing may alleviate cognitive impairments. Previous studies have found that exercise may mitigate cognitive decline, but the mechanisms underlying this remain largely unclear. Here we provide unbiased analyses of single-cell RNA sequencing data, showing the impacts of exercise and ageing on specific cell types in the mouse hippocampus. We demonstrate that exercise has a profound and selective effect on aged microglia, reverting their gene expression signature to that of young microglia. Pharmacologic depletion of microglia further demonstrated that these cells are required for the stimulatory effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis but not cognition. Strikingly, allowing 18-month-old mice access to a running wheel did by and large also prevent and/or revert T cell presence in the ageing hippocampus. Taken together, our data highlight the profound impact of exercise in rejuvenating aged microglia, associated pro-neurogenic effects and on peripheral immune cell presence in the ageing female mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solal Chauquet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emily F. Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laura Grice
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Samuel B. R. Harley
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Marc J. Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sonia Shah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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3
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Jain S, LaFrancois JJ, Gerencer K, Botterill JJ, Kennedy M, Criscuolo C, Scharfman HE. Increasing adult neurogenesis protects mice from epilepsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.08.548217. [PMID: 37502909 PMCID: PMC10369878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.08.548217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, an area that contains neurons which are vulnerable to insults and injury, such as severe seizures. Previous studies showed that increasing adult neurogenesis reduced neuronal damage after these seizures. Because the damage typically is followed by chronic life-long seizures (epilepsy), we asked if increasing adult neurogenesis would prevent epilepsy. Adult neurogenesis was selectively increased by deleting the pro-apoptotic gene Bax from Nestin-expressing progenitors. Tamoxifen was administered at 6 weeks of age to conditionally delete Bax in Nestin-CreERT2 Bax fl/fl mice. Six weeks after tamoxifen administration, severe seizures (status epilepticus; SE) were induced by injection of the convulsant pilocarpine. After mice developed epilepsy, seizure frequency was quantified for 3 weeks. Mice with increased adult neurogenesis exhibited fewer chronic seizures. Postictal depression was reduced also. These results were primarily in female mice, possibly because they were the more affected by Bax deletion than males, consistent with sex differences in Bax. The female mice with enhanced adult neurogenesis also showed less neuronal loss of hilar mossy cells and hilar somatostatin-expressing neurons than wild type females or males, which is notable because these two hilar cell types are implicated in epileptogenesis. The results suggest that selective Bax deletion to increase adult neurogenesis can reduce experimental epilepsy, and the effect shows a striking sex difference. The results are surprising in light of past studies showing that suppressing adult-born neurons can also reduce chronic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jain
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
| | - John J. LaFrancois
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
| | - Kasey Gerencer
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Current address: Department of Psychology, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Justin J. Botterill
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5
| | - Meghan Kennedy
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Helen E. Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, Psychiatry, and the New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Kim NY, Lee HY, Choi YY, Mo SJ, Jeon S, Ha JH, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee J, Chung BG. Effect of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and extracellular vesicles on neurodegenerative disease in a gut-brain axis chip. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38340254 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A new perspective suggests that a dynamic bidirectional communication system, often referred to as the microbiome-gut-brain axis, exists among the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system (CNS). This system may influence brain health and various brain-related diseases, especially in the realms of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. However, the exact mechanism is not yet understood. Metabolites or extracellular vesicles derived from microbes in the gut have the capacity to traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier or blood-brain barrier, gaining access to the systemic circulation. This phenomenon can initiate the physiological responses that directly or indirectly impact the CNS and its function. However, reliable and controllable tools are required to demonstrate the causal effects of gut microbial-derived substances on neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. The integration of microfluidics enhances scientific research by providing advanced in vitro engineering models. In this study, we investigated the impact of microbe-derived metabolites and exosomes on neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neurons in a gut-brain axis chip. While strain-specific, our findings indicate that both microbial-derived metabolites and exosomes exert the significant effects on neural growth, maturation, and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, our results suggest that metabolites and exosomes derived from microbes hold promise as potential candidates and strategies for addressing neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Smart Biosensor, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
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Berdugo‐Vega G, Dhingra S, Calegari F. Sharpening the blades of the dentate gyrus: how adult-born neurons differentially modulate diverse aspects of hippocampal learning and memory. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113524. [PMID: 37743770 PMCID: PMC11059975 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above-mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into "supra-pyramidal" and "infra-pyramidal". Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Berdugo‐Vega
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Shonali Dhingra
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Federico Calegari
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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Ji Q, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zhang YJ, Jiang J, Zhou LP, Du XH, Wang CX, Zhu ZR. Blockade of adenosine A 2A receptors reverses early spatial memory defects in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by promoting synaptic plasticity of adult-born granule cells. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:187. [PMID: 37899431 PMCID: PMC10614339 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The over-activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) is closely implicated in cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence shows that A2AR blockade possesses neuroprotective effects on AD. Spatial navigation impairment is an early manifestation of cognitive deficits in AD. However, whether A2AR blockade can prevent early impairments in spatial cognitive function and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. METHODS A transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model of AD amyloidosis was used in this study. Behavioral tests were conducted to observe the protective effects of A2AR blockade on early spatial memory deficits in 4-month old APP/PS1 mice. To investigate the underlying synaptic mechanism of the protective effects of A2AR blockade, we further examined long-term potentiation (LTP) and network excitation/inhibition balance of dentate gyrus (DG) region, which is relevant to unique synaptic functions of immature adult-born granule cells (abGCs). Subsequently, the protective effects of A2AR blockade on dendritic morphology and synaptic plasticity of 6-week-old abGCs was investigated using retrovirus infection and electrophysiological recordings. The molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotective properties of A2AR blockade on the synaptic plasticity of abGCs were further explored using molecular biology methods. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice displayed DG-dependent spatial memory deficits at an early stage. Additionally, impaired LTP and an imbalance in network excitation/inhibition were observed in the DG region of APP/PS1 mice, indicating synaptic structural and functional abnormalities of abGCs. A2AR was found to be upregulated in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Treatment with the selective A2AR antagonist SCH58261 for three weeks significantly ameliorated spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice and markedly restored LTP and network excitation/inhibition balance in the DG region. Moreover, SCH58261 treatment restored dendritic morphology complexity and enhanced synaptic plasticity of abGCs in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, SCH58261 treatment alleviated the impairment of synaptic plasticity in abGCs. It achieved this by remodeling the subunit composition of NMDA receptors and increasing the proportion of NR2B receptors in abGCs of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of A2AR improves early spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice, possibly by reversing synaptic defects of abGCs. This finding suggests that A2AR blockade could be a potential therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ji
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904Th Hospital of PLA, Medical School of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiang Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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Perez Garcia G, Bicak M, Buros J, Haure-Mirande JV, Perez GM, Otero-Pagan A, Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Sano M, Gage FH, Barlow C, Dudley JT, Glicksberg BS, Wang Y, Readhead B, Ehrlich ME, Elder GA, Gandy S. Beneficial effects of physical exercise and an orally active mGluR2/3 antagonist pro-drug on neurogenesis and behavior in an Alzheimer's amyloidosis model. FRONTIERS IN DEMENTIA 2023; 2:1198006. [PMID: 39081972 PMCID: PMC11285632 DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2023.1198006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Modulation of physical activity represents an important intervention that may delay, slow, or prevent mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). One mechanism proposed to underlie the beneficial effect of physical exercise (PE) involves the apparent stimulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). BCI-838 is a pro-drug whose active metabolite BCI-632 is a negative allosteric modulator at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3). We previously demonstrated that administration of BCI-838 to a mouse model of brain accumulation of oligomeric AβE22Q (APP E693Q = "Dutch APP") reduced learning behavior impairment and anxiety, both of which are associated with the phenotype of Dutch APP mice. Methods 3-month-old mice were administered BCI-838 and/or physical exercise for 1 month and then tested in novel object recognition, neurogenesis, and RNAseq. Results Here we show that (i) administration of BCI-838 and a combination of BCI-838 and PE enhanced AHN in a 4-month old mouse model of AD amyloid pathology (APP KM670/671NL /PSEN1 Δexon9= APP/PS1), (ii) administration of BCI-838 alone or with PE led to stimulation of AHN and improvement in recognition memory, (iii) the hippocampal dentate gyrus transcriptome of APP/PS1 mice following BCI-838 treatment showed up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), PIK3C2A of the PI3K-mTOR pathway, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and down-regulation of EIF5A involved in modulation of mTOR activity by ketamine, and (iv) validation by qPCR of an association between increased BDNF levels and BCI-838 treatment. Conclusion Our study points to BCI-838 as a safe and orally active compound capable of mimicking the beneficial effect of PE on AHN and recognition memory in a mouse model of AD amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Perez Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mesude Bicak
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacqueline Buros
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Gissel M. Perez
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alena Otero-Pagan
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Miguel A. Gama Sosa
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Sano
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fred H. Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- BrainCells, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carrolee Barlow
- BrainCells, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States
- E-Scape Bio, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joel T. Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Glicksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory A. Elder
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Cognitive Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Ávila-Gámiz F, Pérez-Cano A, Pérez-Berlanga J, Mullor-Vigo R, Zambrana-Infantes E, Santín L, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D. Sequential treadmill exercise and cognitive training synergistically increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114184. [PMID: 37030425 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Combining physical and cognitive training has been suggested to promote further benefits on brain and cognition, which could include synergistic improvement of hippocampal neuroplasticity. In this paper, we investigated whether treadmill exercise followed by a working memory training in the water maze increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Our results revealed that ten days of scheduled running enhance cell proliferation/survival in the short-term as well as performance in the water maze. Moreover, exercised mice that received working memory training displayed more surviving dentate granule cells compared to those untreated or subjected to only one of the treatments. According to these findings, we suggest that combining physical and cognitive stimulation yield synergic effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis by extending the pool of newly-born cells and subsequently favouring their survival. Future research could take advantage from this non-invasive, multimodal approach to achieve substantial and longer-lasting enhancement in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which might be relevant for improving cognition in healthy or neurologically impaired conditions.
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Damphousse CC, Medeiros JK, Micks NE, Marrone DF. Altered pattern separation in Goto-Kakizaki rats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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10
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Characterization by Gene Expression Analysis of Two Groups of Dopaminergic Cells Isolated from the Mouse Olfactory Bulb. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030367. [PMID: 36979058 PMCID: PMC10045757 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is one of two regions of the mammalian brain which undergo continuous neuronal replacement during adulthood. A significant fraction of the cells added in adulthood to the bulbar circuitry is constituted by dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We took advantage of a peculiar property of dopaminergic neurons in transgenic mice expressing eGFP under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter: while DA neurons located in the glomerular layer (GL) display full electrophysiological maturation, eGFP+ cells in the mitral layer (ML) show characteristics of immature cells. In addition, they also display a lower fluorescence intensity, possibly reflecting different degrees of maturation. To investigate whether this difference in maturation might be confirmed at the gene expression level, we used a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique on enzymatically dissociated cells of the OB. The cells were divided into two groups based on their level of fluorescence, possibly corresponding to immature ML cells and fully mature DA neurons from the GL. Semiquantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the level of expression of genes linked to the degree of maturation of DA neurons. We showed that indeed the cells expressing low eGFP fluorescence are immature neurons. Our method can be further used to explore the differences between these two groups of DA neurons.
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Tchantchou F, Hsia RC, Puche A, Fiskum G. Hippocampal vulnerability to hyperhomocysteinemia worsens pathological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury in rats. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2023; 15:11795735231160025. [PMID: 36909831 PMCID: PMC9996738 DOI: 10.1177/11795735231160025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) generally resolves within weeks. However, 15-30% of patients present persistent pathological and neurobehavioral sequelae that negatively affect their quality of life. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) is a neurotoxic condition derived from homocysteine accumulation above 15 μM. HHCY can occur in diverse stressful situations, including those sustained by U.S. active-duty service members on the battlefield or during routine combat practice. Mild-TBI accounts for more than 80% of all TBI cases, and HHCY exists in 5-7% of the general population. We recently reported that moderate HHCY exacerbates mTBI-induced cortical injury pathophysiology, including increased oxidative stress. Several studies have demonstrated hippocampus vulnerability to oxidative stress and its downstream effects on inflammation and cell death. Objective This study aimed to assess the deleterious impact of HHCY on mTBI-associated hippocampal pathological changes. We tested the hypothesis that moderate HHCY aggravates mTBI-induced hippocampal pathological changes. Methods HHCY was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with a high methionine dose. Rats were then subjected to mTBI by controlled cortical impact under sustained HHCY. Blood plasma was assessed for homocysteine levels and brain tissue for markers of oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier integrity, and cell death. Endothelial cell ultrastructure was assessed by Electron Microscopy and working memory performance using the Y maze test. Results HHCY increased the hippocampal expression of nitrotyrosine in astroglial cells and decreased tight junction protein occludin levels associated with the enlargement of the endothelial cell nucleus. Furthermore, HHCY altered the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins α-ii spectrin hydrolysis, ERK1/2, and AKT phosphorylation, mirrored by exacerbated mTBI-related hippocampal neuronal loss and working memory deficits. Conclusion Our findings indicate that HHCY is an epigenetic factor that modulates mTBI pathological progression in the hippocampus and represents a putative therapeutic target for mitigating such physiological stressors that increase severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaubert Tchantchou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ru-Ching Hsia
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Services and Center for Innovative Biomedical Resources, University of Maryland School of Dentistry and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam Puche
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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McNerlin C, Guan F, Bronk L, Lei K, Grosshans D, Young DW, Gaber MW, Maletic-Savatic M. Targeting hippocampal neurogenesis to protect astronauts' cognition and mood from decline due to space radiation effects. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:170-179. [PMID: 36336363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is an essential, lifelong process during which neural stem cells generate new neurons within the hippocampus, a center for learning, memory, and mood control. Neural stem cells are vulnerable to environmental insults spanning from chronic stress to radiation. These insults reduce their numbers and diminish neurogenesis, leading to memory decline, anxiety, and depression. Preserving neural stem cells could thus help prevent these neurogenesis-associated pathologies, an outcome particularly important for long-term space missions where environmental exposure to radiation is significantly higher than on Earth. Multiple developments, from mechanistic discoveries of radiation injury on hippocampal neurogenesis to new platforms for the development of selective, specific, effective, and safe small molecules as neurogenesis-protective agents hold great promise to minimize radiation damage on neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the effects of space-like radiation on hippocampal neurogenesis. We then focus on current advances in drug discovery and development and discuss the nuclear receptor TLX/NR2E1 (oleic acid receptor) as an example of a neurogenic target that might rescue neurogenesis following radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare McNerlin
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington D.C. 20007, United States of America
| | - Fada Guan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Bronk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Kevin Lei
- Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - David Grosshans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Damian W Young
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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Bello-Medina PC, González-Franco DA, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Díaz-Cintra S. Oxidative stress, the immune response, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease. Neurologia 2022; 37:682-690. [PMID: 31780319 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 50 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most common type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases. Given its high incidence, it is imperative to design studies to expand our knowledge about its onset and development, and to develop early diagnosis strategies and/or possible treatments. One methodological strategy is the use of transgenic mouse models for the study of the factors involved in AD aetiology, which include oxidative stress and the immune response. DEVELOPMENT We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2019. In this review, we address two factors that have been studied independently, oxidative stress and the immune response, in transgenic models of AD, and discuss the relationship between these factors and their impact on the loss of synaptic and structural plasticity, resulting in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This review describes possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress and the immune response participate in the molecular, cellular, and behavioural effects of AD, observing a close relationship between these factors, which lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - D A González-Franco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Latina de México, Celaya, Guanajuato, México
| | - I Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Pagliarini M, Cuppini R, Ambrogini P. Short-Term, Voluntary Exercise Affects Morpho-Functional Maturation of Adult-Generated Neurons in Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126866. [PMID: 35743307 PMCID: PMC9224999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a well-proven neurogenic stimulus, promoting neuronal progenitor proliferation and affecting newborn cell survival. Besides, it has beneficial effects on brain health and cognition. Previously, we found that three days of physical activity in a very precocious period of adult-generated granule cell life is able to antedate the appearance of the first GABAergic synaptic contacts and increase T-type Ca2+ channel expression. Considering the role of GABA and Ca2+ in fostering neuronal maturation, in this study, we used short-term, voluntary exercise on a running wheel to investigate if it is able to induce long-term morphological and synaptic changes in newborn neurons. Using adult male rats, we found that: (i) three days of voluntary physical exercise can definitively influence the morpho-functional maturation process of newborn granule neurons when applied very early during their development; (ii) a significant percentage of new neurons show more mature morphological characteristics far from the end of exercise protocol; (iii) the long-term morphological effects result in enhanced synaptic plasticity. Present findings demonstrate that the morpho-functional changes induced by exercise on very immature adult-generated neurons are permanent, affecting the neuron maturation and integration in hippocampal circuitry. Our data contribute to underpinning the beneficial potential of physical activity on brain health, also performed for short times.
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Silveira‐Rosa T, Mateus‐Pinheiro A, Correia JS, Silva JM, Martins‐Macedo J, Araújo B, Machado‐Santos AR, Alves ND, Silva M, Loureiro‐Campos E, Sotiropoulos I, Bessa JM, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N, Patrício P, Pinto L. Suppression of adult cytogenesis in the rat brain leads to sex-differentiated disruption of the HPA axis activity. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13165. [PMID: 34970787 PMCID: PMC8828259 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The action of stress hormones, mainly glucocorticoids, starts and coordinates the systemic response to stressful events. The HPA axis activity is predicated on information processing and modulation by upstream centres, such as the hippocampus where adult-born neurons (hABN) have been reported to be an important component in the processing and integration of new information. Still, it remains unclear whether and how hABN regulates HPA axis activity and CORT production, particularly when considering sex differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using both sexes of a transgenic rat model of cytogenesis ablation (GFAP-Tk rat model), we examined the endocrinological and behavioural effects of disrupting the generation of new astrocytes and neurons within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). RESULTS Our results show that GFAP-Tk male rats present a heightened acute stress response. In contrast, GFAP-Tk female rats have increased corticosterone secretion at nadir, a heightened, yet delayed, response to an acute stress stimulus, accompanied by neuronal hypertrophy in the basal lateral amygdala and increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptors in the ventral DG. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that hABN regulation of the HPA axis response is sex-differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silveira‐Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - António Mateus‐Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Department of Internal MedicineCoimbra Hospital and University CenterCoimbraPortugal
- Bn’ML – Behavioral and Molecular LabBragaPortugal
| | - Joana Sofia Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Joana Margarida Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Joana Martins‐Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Bn’ML – Behavioral and Molecular LabBragaPortugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Ana Rita Machado‐Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Present address:
Department of PsychiatryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mariana Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro‐Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - João Miguel Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Bn’ML – Behavioral and Molecular LabBragaPortugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Bn’ML – Behavioral and Molecular LabBragaPortugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Bn’ML – Behavioral and Molecular LabBragaPortugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Bn’ML – Behavioral and Molecular LabBragaPortugal
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Damphousse CC, Medeiros J, Marrone DF. Functional Integration of Adult-Generated Neurons in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:734359. [PMID: 34675787 PMCID: PMC8523851 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.734359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) make important contributions to learning as they integrate into neuronal networks. Neurogenesis is dramatically reduced by a number of conditions associated with cognitive impairment, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increasing neurogenesis may thus provide a therapeutic target for ameliorating diabetes-associated cognitive impairments, but only if new neurons remain capable of normal function. To address the capacity for adult-generated neurons to incorporate into functional circuits in the hyperglycemic DG, we measured Egr1 expression in granule cells (GCs), BrdU labeled four weeks prior, in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an established model of T2DM, and age-matched Wistars. The results indicate that while fewer GCs are generated in the DG of GK rats, GCs that survive readily express Egr1 in response to spatial information. These data demonstrate that adult-generated GCs in the hyperglycemic DG remain functionally competent and support neurogenesis as a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn Medeiros
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Diano F Marrone
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Ribeiro FF, Ferreira F, Rodrigues RS, Soares R, Pedro DM, Duarte-Samartinho M, Aroeira RI, Ferreiro E, Valero J, Solá S, Mira H, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Regulation of hippocampal postnatal and adult neurogenesis by adenosine A 2A receptor: Interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1362-1381. [PMID: 34043863 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) activation modulates several brain processes, ranging from neuronal maturation to synaptic plasticity. Most of these actions occur through the modulation of the actions of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this work, we studied the role of A2A Rs in regulating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we show that A2A R activation with CGS 21680 promoted neural stem cell self-renewal, protected committed neuronal cells from cell death and contributed to a higher density of immature and mature neuronal cells, particularly glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, A2A R endogenous activation was found to be essential for BDNF-mediated increase in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Our findings contribute to further understand the role of adenosinergic signaling in the brain and may have an impact in the development of strategies for brain repair under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Pedro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Duarte-Samartinho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita I Aroeira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Laboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
- University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Spain
| | - Susana Solá
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Domínguez-Rivas E, Ávila-Muñoz E, Schwarzacher SW, Zepeda A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: A molecular, cellular and behavioral review. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:286-302. [PMID: 34174334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous generation of new neurons occurs in at least two well-defined niches in the adult rodent brain. One of these areas is the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. While the DG is associated with contextual and spatial learning and memory, hippocampal neurogenesis is necessary for pattern separation. Hippocampal neurogenesis begins with the activation of neural stem cells and culminates with the maturation and functional integration of a portion of the newly generated glutamatergic neurons into the hippocampal circuits. The neurogenic process is continuously modulated by intrinsic factors, one of which is neuroinflammation. The administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely used as a model of neuroinflammation and has yielded a body of evidence for unveiling the detrimental impact of inflammation upon the neurogenic process. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the effects of the systemic and central administration of LPS upon the different stages of neurogenesis and discuss their effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Domínguez-Rivas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Ávila-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Bello-Medina PC, González-Franco DA, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Díaz-Cintra S. Oxidative stress, the immune response, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 37:682-690. [PMID: 34509401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 50 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most common type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases. Given its high incidence, it is imperative to design studies to expand our knowledge about its onset and development, and to develop early diagnosis strategies and/or possible treatments. One methodological strategy is the use of transgenic mouse models for the study of the factors involved in AD aetiology, which include oxidative stress and the immune response. DEVELOPMENT We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2019. In this review, we address 2 factors that have been studied independently, oxidative stress and the immune response, in transgenic models of AD, and discuss the relationship between these factors and their impact on the loss of synaptic and structural plasticity, resulting in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This review describes possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress and the immune response participate in the molecular, cellular, and behavioural effects of AD, observing a close relationship between these factors, which lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - D A González-Franco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Latina de México, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Intermittent Hypoxia and Effects on Early Learning/Memory: Exploring the Hippocampal Cellular Effects of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:93-103. [PMID: 33234943 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an update on the neurocognitive phenotype of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Pediatric OSA is associated with neurocognitive deficits involving memory, learning, and executive functioning. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is presently accepted as the first-line surgical treatment for pediatric OSA, but the executive function deficits do not resolve postsurgery, and the timeline for recovery remains unknown. This finding suggests that pediatric OSA potentially causes irreversible damage to multiple areas of the brain. The focus of this review is the hippocampus, 1 of the 2 major sites of postnatal neurogenesis, where new neurons are formed and integrated into existing circuitry and the mammalian center of learning/memory functions. Here, we review the clinical phenotype of pediatric OSA, and then discuss existing studies of OSA on different cell types in the hippocampus during critical periods of development. This will set the stage for future study using preclinical models to understand the pathogenesis of persistent neurocognitive dysfunction in pediatric OSA.
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21
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Garcia-Lopez R, Pombero A, Estirado A, Geijo-Barrientos E, Martinez S. Interneuron Heterotopia in the Lis1 Mutant Mouse Cortex Underlies a Structural and Functional Schizophrenia-Like Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693919. [PMID: 34327202 PMCID: PMC8313859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 is one of the principal genes related to Type I lissencephaly, a severe human brain malformation characterized by an abnormal neuronal migration in the cortex during embryonic development. This is clinically associated with epilepsy and cerebral palsy in severe cases, as well as a predisposition to developing mental disorders, in cases with a mild phenotype. Although genetic variations in the LIS1 gene have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We have studied how the Lis1 gene might cause deficits associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia using the Lis1/sLis1 murine model, which involves the deletion of the first coding exon of the Lis1 gene. Homozygous mice are not viable, but heterozygous animals present abnormal neuronal morphology, cortical dysplasia, and enhanced cortical excitability. We have observed reduced number of cells expressing GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate area, as well as fewer parvalbumin-expressing cells in the anterior cingulate cortex in Lis1/sLis1 mutants compared to control mice. The cFOS protein expression (indicative of neuronal activity) in Lis1/sLis1 mice was higher in the medial prefrontal (mPFC), perirhinal (PERI), entorhinal (ENT), ectorhinal (ECT) cortices, and hippocampus compared to control mice. Our results suggest that deleting the first coding exon of the Lis1 gene might cause cortical anomalies associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Pombero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental-CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Almulla AYH, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Dasdelen D. Learning, Neurogenesis, and Effects of Flavonoids on Learning. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:355-364. [PMID: 34238155 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210707120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are two of our mind's most magical abilities. Different brain regions have roles in processing and storing different types of memories. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for receiving information and storing it in the neocortex. One of the most impressive characteristics of the hippocampus is its capacity for neurogenesis, which is a process in which new neurons are produced and then transformed into mature neurons and finally integrated into neural circuits. The neurogenesis process in the hippocampus, an example of neuroplasticity in the adult brain, is believed to aid hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. New neurons are constantly produced in the hippocampus and integrated into the pre-existing neuronal network; this allows old memories already stored in the neocortex to be removed from the hippocampus and replaced with new ones. Factors affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus may also affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The flavonoids can particularly exert powerful actions in mammalian cognition and improve hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by positively affecting hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Wei GZ, Martin KA, Xing PY, Agrawal R, Whiley L, Wood TK, Hejndorf S, Ng YZ, Low JZY, Rossant J, Nechanitzky R, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Tan EK, Matthews PM, Pettersson S. Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021091118. [PMID: 34210797 PMCID: PMC8271728 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While modulatory effects of gut microbes on neurological phenotypes have been reported, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that indole, a tryptophan metabolite produced by tryptophanase-expressing gut microbes, elicits neurogenic effects in the adult mouse hippocampus. Neurogenesis is reduced in germ-free (GF) mice and in GF mice monocolonized with a single-gene tnaA knockout (KO) mutant Escherichia coli unable to produce indole. External administration of systemic indole increases adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in these mouse models and in specific pathogen-free (SPF) control mice. Indole-treated mice display elevated synaptic markers postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin, suggesting synaptic maturation effects in vivo. By contrast, neurogenesis is not induced by indole in aryl hydrocarbon receptor KO (AhR-/-) mice or in ex vivo neurospheres derived from them. Neural progenitor cells exposed to indole exit the cell cycle, terminally differentiate, and mature into neurons that display longer and more branched neurites. These effects are not observed with kynurenine, another AhR ligand. The indole-AhR-mediated signaling pathway elevated the expression of β-catenin, Neurog2, and VEGF-α genes, thus identifying a molecular pathway connecting gut microbiota composition and their metabolic function to neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Our data have implications for the understanding of mechanisms of brain aging and for potential next-generation therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zhang Wei
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169857
| | - Katherine A Martin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169857
| | - Peter Yuli Xing
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sophia Hejndorf
- Department of Neurobiology, Care and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong Zhi Ng
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Jeremy Zhi Yan Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert Nechanitzky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia
- Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169857
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921;
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169857
- Department of Neurobiology, Care and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Gampierakis IA, Koutmani Y, Semitekolou M, Morianos I, Polissidis A, Katsouda A, Charalampopoulos I, Xanthou G, Gravanis A, Karalis KP. Hippocampal neural stem cells and microglia response to experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1248-1263. [PMID: 31969694 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a disease associated with dysbiosis, resulting in compromised intestinal epithelial barrier and chronic mucosal inflammation. Patients with IBD present with increased incidence of psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment. Hippocampus is a brain region where adult neurogenesis occurs with functional implications in mood control and cognition. Using a well-established model of experimental colitis based on the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water, we sought to characterize the short and long-term effects of colitis on neurogenesis and glia responses in the hippocampus. We show that acute DSS colitis enhanced neurogenesis but with deficits in cell cycle kinetics of proliferating progenitors in the hippocampus. Chronic DSS colitis was characterized by normal levels of neurogenesis but with deficits in the migration and integration of newborn neurons in the functional circuitry of the DG. Notably, we found that acute DSS colitis-induced enhanced infiltration of the hippocampus with macrophages and inflammatory myeloid cells from the periphery, along with elevated frequencies of inflammatory M1-like microglia and increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, increased percentages of tissue-repairing M2-like microglia, along with elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 were observed in the hippocampus during chronic DSS colitis. These findings uncover key effects of acute and chronic experimental colitis on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and innate immune cell responses, highlighting the potential mechanisms underlying cognitive and mood dysfunction in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis-Alexandros Gampierakis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Yassemi Koutmani
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia Polissidis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Katsouda
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katia P Karalis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Endocrine Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Science Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", Athens, Greece.
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25
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Akbar L, Juliandi B, Boediono A, Batubara I, Subangkit M. Effects of Eugenol on Memory Performance, Neurogenesis, and Dendritic Complexity of Neurons in Mice Analyzed by Behavioral Tests and Golgi Staining of Brain Tissue. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2021; 17:35-41. [PMID: 34434006 PMCID: PMC8372414 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1701005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol, as the main component in clove, has neuroprotective abilities, including its effect to learning memory of mice. However, there is no evidence showing whether eugenol can expand the growth of dendrites in the brain. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of eugenol towards dendritic complexity of neurons, neurogenesis, and memory performance in hippocampus. A total of 21 mice were divided into three groups; (i) mice were administered 30 mg/kg bw eugenol orally, (ii) mice were administered 100 mg/kg bw eugenol orally, and (iii) mice were administered distilled water as control. Mice were kept for 30 consecutive days following the standard animal housing. The memory performance was observed through the Y-arm maze alternation, Novel Object Recognition (NOR), and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The brain was dissected and stained with FD Rapid Golgi StainingTM kit to observe dendrites in the dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region; and Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining to assess neurogenesis in the DG. Our results showed that eugenol enhanced putative neural stem cells (NPCs) and granular cells (GC) number, and also decrease neuronal cell death in DG (p<0.0001). Eugenol also increased dendritic complexity of neurons in DG region; while in CA1, eugenol has given a positive effect only on the basal area. Eugenol increased spatial and recognition memory in mice, indicated by a higher number of correct alternations and discrimination ratio compared to the control group (p<0.05), although escape latency in MWM did not show significant effect (p>0.05). As analyzed by behavioral tests and Golgi staining of brain tissue, eugenol can increase memory performance, neurogenesis, and dendritic complexity of neurons in the DG and CA1 basal region of brain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latiful Akbar
- Graduate Program of Animal Bioscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
| | - Berry Juliandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
| | - Arief Boediono
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Irmanida Batubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center
| | - Mawar Subangkit
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia
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26
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Cheng J, Scala F, Blanco FA, Niu S, Firozi K, Keehan L, Mulherkar S, Froudarakis E, Li L, Duman JG, Jiang X, Tolias KF. The Rac-GEF Tiam1 Promotes Dendrite and Synapse Stabilization of Dentate Granule Cells and Restricts Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Functions. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1191-1206. [PMID: 33328293 PMCID: PMC7888217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3271-17.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) controls information flow into the hippocampus and is critical for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial coding, while DG dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating DG neural circuit assembly and function remain unclear. Here, we identify the Rac-GEF Tiam1 as an important regulator of DG development and associated memory processes. In the hippocampus, Tiam1 is predominantly expressed in the DG throughout life. Global deletion of Tiam1 in male mice results in DG granule cells with simplified dendritic arbors, reduced dendritic spine density, and diminished excitatory synaptic transmission. Notably, DG granule cell dendrites and synapses develop normally in Tiam1 KO mice, resembling WT mice at postnatal day 21 (P21), but fail to stabilize, leading to dendrite and synapse loss by P42. These results indicate that Tiam1 promotes DG granule cell dendrite and synapse stabilization late in development. Tiam1 loss also increases the survival, but not the production, of adult-born DG granule cells, possibly because of greater circuit integration as a result of decreased competition with mature granule cells for synaptic inputs. Strikingly, both male and female mice lacking Tiam1 exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. Together, these results suggest that Tiam1 is a key regulator of DG granule cell stabilization and function within hippocampal circuits. Moreover, based on the enhanced memory phenotype of Tiam1 KO mice, Tiam1 may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders involving memory impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dentate gyrus (DG) is important for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial navigation, and its dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling DG formation and function remain elusive. By characterizing mice lacking the Rac-GEF Tiam1, we demonstrate that Tiam1 promotes the stabilization of DG granule cell dendritic arbors, spines, and synapses, whereas it restricts the survival of adult-born DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells for synaptic integration. Notably, mice lacking Tiam1 also exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. These findings establish Tiam1 as an essential regulator of DG granule cell development, and identify it as a possible therapeutic target for memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Cheng
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Federico Scala
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Francisco A Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sanyong Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Karen Firozi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Laura Keehan
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Lingyong Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joseph G Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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27
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Morales-Garcia JA, Calleja-Conde J, Lopez-Moreno JA, Alonso-Gil S, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Riba J, Perez-Castillo A. N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound found in the hallucinogenic tea ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:331. [PMID: 32989216 PMCID: PMC7522265 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a component of the ayahuasca brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes across several South American countries. Here, we have examined, in vitro and vivo, the potential neurogenic effect of DMT. Our results demonstrate that DMT administration activates the main adult neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, promoting newly generated neurons in the granular zone. Moreover, these mice performed better, compared to control non-treated animals, in memory tests, which suggest a functional relevance for the DMT-induced new production of neurons in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the neurogenic effect of DMT appears to involve signaling via sigma-1 receptor (S1R) activation since S1R antagonist blocked the neurogenic effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DMT treatment activates the subgranular neurogenic niche regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of neuroblasts, and promoting the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, therefore enhancing adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Morales-Garcia
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Calleja-Conde
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Carretera de Humera, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Moreno
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Carretera de Humera, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Riba
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Institute for Biomedical Research "A. Sols" (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain. .,Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Metabolic tuning of inhibition regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25818-25829. [PMID: 32973092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006138117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-engaged behaviors stimulate neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus by largely unknown means. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used tetrode recording to analyze neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus of freely moving adult mice during hippocampus-engaged contextual exploration. We found that exploration induced an overall sustained increase in inhibitory neuron activity that was concomitant with decreased excitatory neuron activity. A mathematical model based on energy homeostasis in the dentate gyrus showed that enhanced inhibition and decreased excitation resulted in a similar increase in neurogenesis to that observed experimentally. To mechanistically investigate this sustained inhibitory regulation, we performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of the hippocampus during exploration. We found sustainably increased signaling of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a bioactive metabolite, during exploration. Furthermore, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling through its receptor 2 increased interneuron activity and thus mediated exploration-induced neurogenesis. Taken together, our findings point to a behavior-metabolism circuit pathway through which experience regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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29
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You JC, Muralidharan K, Fu CH, Park J, Tosi U, Zhang X, Chin J. Distinct patterns of dentate gyrus cell activation distinguish physiologic from aberrant stimuli. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232241. [PMID: 32407421 PMCID: PMC7224541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, the dentate gyrus (DG) exhibits exceptionally low levels of activity compared to other brain regions. A sparse activation pattern is observed even when the DG is engaged to process new information; for example, only ~1–3% of neurons in the DG granule cell layer (GCL) are activated after placing animals in a novel, enriched environment. Moreover, such physiologic stimulation of GCL neurons recruits young granule cells more readily than older cells. This sparse pattern of cell activation has largely been attributed to intrinsic circuit properties of the DG, such as reduced threshold for activation in younger cells, and increased inhibition onto older cells. Given these intrinsic properties, we asked whether such activation of young granule cells was unique to physiologic stimulation, or could be elicited by general pharmacological activation of the hippocampus. We found that administration of kainic acid (KA) at a low dose (5 mg/kg) to wildtype C57BL/6 mice activated a similarly sparse number of cells in the GCL as physiologic DG stimulation by exposure to a novel, enriched environment. However, unlike physiologic stimulation, 5 mg/kg KA activated primarily old granule cells as well as GABAergic interneurons. This finding indicates that intrinsic circuit properties of the DG alone may not be sufficient to support the engagement of young granule cells, and suggest that other factors such as the specificity of the pattern of inputs, may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. You
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kavitha Muralidharan
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chia-Hsuan Fu
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jin Park
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Umberto Tosi
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Berger S, Stattmann M, Cicvaric A, Monje FJ, Coiro P, Hotka M, Ricken G, Hainfellner J, Greber-Platzer S, Yasuda M, Desnick RJ, Pollak DD. Severe hydroxymethylbilane synthase deficiency causes depression-like behavior and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of homozygous dominant acute intermittent porphyria. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32197664 PMCID: PMC7082933 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant inborn error of heme biosynthesis due to a pathogenic mutation in the Hmbs gene, resulting in half-normal activity of hydroxymethylbilane synthase. Factors that induce hepatic heme biosynthesis induce episodic attacks in heterozygous patients. The clinical presentation of acute attacks involves the signature neurovisceral pain and may include psychiatric symptoms. Here we used a knock-in mouse line that is biallelic for the Hmbs c.500G > A (p.R167Q) mutation with ~ 5% of normal hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity to unravel the consequences of severe HMBS deficiency on affective behavior and brain physiology. Hmbs knock-in mice (KI mice) model the rare homozygous dominant form of AIP and were used as tool to elucidate the hitherto unknown pathophysiology of the behavioral manifestations of the disease and its neural underpinnings. Extensive behavioral analyses revealed a selective depression-like phenotype in Hmbs KI mice; transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated aberrant myelination. The uncovered compromised mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of knock-in mice and its ensuing neurogenic and neuroplastic deficits lead us to propose a mechanistic role for disrupted mitochondrial energy production in the pathogenesis of the behavioral consequences of severe HMBS deficiency and its neuropathological sequelae in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Berger
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miranda Stattmann
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierluca Coiro
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Hotka
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hainfellner
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Makiko Yasuda
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Mishra P, Narayanan R. Heterogeneities in intrinsic excitability and frequency-dependent response properties of granule cells across the blades of the rat dentate gyrus. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:755-772. [PMID: 31913748 PMCID: PMC7052640 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00443.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG), the input gate to the hippocampus proper, is anatomically segregated into three different sectors, namely, the suprapyramidal blade, the crest region, and the infrapyramidal blade. Although there are well-established differences between these sectors in terms of neuronal morphology, connectivity patterns, and activity levels, differences in electrophysiological properties of granule cells within these sectors have remained unexplored. Here, employing somatic whole cell patch-clamp recordings from the rat DG, we demonstrate that granule cells in these sectors manifest considerable heterogeneities in their intrinsic excitability, temporal summation, action potential characteristics, and frequency-dependent response properties. Across sectors, these neurons showed positive temporal summation of their responses to inputs mimicking excitatory postsynaptic currents and showed little to no sag in their voltage responses to pulse currents. Consistently, the impedance amplitude profile manifested low-pass characteristics and the impedance phase profile lacked positive phase values at all measured frequencies and voltages and for all sectors. Granule cells in all sectors exhibited class I excitability, with broadly linear firing rate profiles, and granule cells in the crest region fired significantly fewer action potentials compared with those in the infrapyramidal blade. Finally, we found weak pairwise correlations across the 18 different measurements obtained individually from each of the three sectors, providing evidence that these measurements are indeed reporting distinct aspects of neuronal physiology. Together, our analyses show that granule cells act as integrators of afferent information and emphasize the need to account for the considerable physiological heterogeneities in assessing their roles in information encoding and processing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We employed whole cell patch-clamp recordings from granule cells in the three subregions of the rat dentate gyrus to demonstrate considerable heterogeneities in their intrinsic excitability, temporal summation, action potential characteristics, and frequency-dependent response properties. Across sectors, granule cells did not express membrane potential resonance, and their impedance profiles lacked inductive phase leads at all measured frequencies. Our analyses also show that granule cells manifest class I excitability characteristics, categorizing them as integrators of afferent information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Mishra
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayanan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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33
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Kathner-Schaffert C, Karapetow L, Günther M, Rudolph M, Dahab M, Baum E, Lehmann T, Witte OW, Redecker C, Schmeer CW, Keiner S. Early Stroke Induces Long-Term Impairment of Adult Neurogenesis Accompanied by Hippocampal-Mediated Cognitive Decline. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121654. [PMID: 31861141 PMCID: PMC6953020 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus in the short term, however, long-term effects at the cellular and functional level are poorly understood. Here we evaluated the impact of an early stroke lesion on neurogenesis and cognitive function of the aging brain. We hypothesized that a stroke disturbs dentate neurogenesis during aging correlate with impaired flexible learning. To address this issue a stroke was induced in 3-month-old C57Bl/6 mice by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To verify long-term changes of adult neurogenesis the thymidine analogue BrdU (5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine) was administrated at different time points during aging. One and half months after BrdU injections learning and memory performance were assessed with a modified version of the Morris water maze (MWM) that includes the re-learning paradigm, as well as hippocampus-dependent and -independent search strategies. After MWM performance mice were transcardially perfused. To further evaluate in detail the stroke-mediated changes on stem- and progenitor cells as well as endogenous proliferation nestin-green-fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were used. Adult nestin-GFP mice received a retroviral vector injection in the hippocampus to evaluate changes in the neuronal morphology. At an age of 20 month the nestin-GFP mice were transcardially perfused after MWM performance and BrdU application 1.5 months later. The early stroke lesion significantly decreased neurogenesis in 7.5- and 9-month-old animals and also endogenous proliferation in the latter group. Furthermore, immature doublecortin (DCX)-positive neurons were reduced in 20-month-old nestin-GFP mice after lesion. All MCAO groups showed an impaired performance in the MWM and mostly relied on hippocampal-independent search strategies. These findings indicate that an early ischemic insult leads to a dramatical decline of neurogenesis during aging that correlates with a premature development of hippocampal-dependent deficits. Our study supports the notion that an early stroke might lead to long-term cognitive deficits as observed in human patients after lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kathner-Schaffert
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Lina Karapetow
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Madlen Günther
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Max Rudolph
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Mahmoud Dahab
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Eileen Baum
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computer Science, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christian W. Schmeer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1932-5914
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Christian KM, Ming GL, Song H. Adult neurogenesis and the dentate gyrus: Predicting function from form. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112346. [PMID: 31722241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypotheses about the functional properties of the dentate gyrus and adult dentate neurogenesis have been shaped by early observations of the anatomy of this region, mostly in rodents. This has led to the development of a few core propositions that have guided research over the past several years, including the predicted role of this region in pattern separation and the local transformation of inputs from the entorhinal cortex. We now have the opportunity to review these predictions and update these anatomical observations based on recently developed techniques that reveal the complex structure, connectivity, and dynamic properties of distinct cell populations in the dentate gyrus at a higher resolution. Cumulative evidence suggests that the dentate gyrus and adult-born granule cells play a role in some forms of behavioral discriminations, but there are still many unanswered questions about how the dentate gyrus processes information to support the disambiguation of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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35
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Nauer RK, Dunne MF, Stern CE, Storer TW, Schon K. Improving fitness increases dentate gyrus/CA3 volume in the hippocampal head and enhances memory in young adults. Hippocampus 2019; 30:488-504. [PMID: 31588607 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests a relationship between aerobic exercise and hippocampal neuroplasticity that interactively impacts hippocampally dependent memory. The majority of human studies have focused on the potential for exercise to reduce brain atrophy and attenuate cognitive decline in older adults, whereas animal studies often center on exercise-induced neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young adult animals. In the present study, initially sedentary young adults (18-35 years) participated in a moderate-intensity randomized controlled exercise intervention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02057354) for a duration of 12 weeks. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as determined by estimated V ˙ O 2 MAX , hippocampally dependent mnemonic discrimination, and change in hippocampal subfield volume. Results show that improving CRF after exercise training is associated with an increased volume in the left DG/CA3 subregion in young adults. Consistent with previous studies that found exercise-induced increases in anterior hippocampus in older adults, this result was specific to the hippocampal head, or most anterior portion, of the subregion. Our results also demonstrate a positive relationship between change in CRF and change in corrected accuracy for trials requiring the highest level of discrimination on a putative behavioral pattern separation task. This relationship was observed in individuals who were initially lower-fit, suggesting that individuals who show greater improvement in their CRF may receive greater cognitive benefit. This work extends animal models by providing evidence for exercise-induced neuroplasticity specific to the neurogenic zone of the human hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Nauer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew F Dunne
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas W Storer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karin Schon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Gabrych DR, Lau VZ, Niwa S, Silverman MA. Going Too Far Is the Same as Falling Short †: Kinesin-3 Family Members in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:419. [PMID: 31616253 PMCID: PMC6775250 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper intracellular trafficking is essential for neuronal development and function, and when any aspect of this process is dysregulated, the resulting "transportopathy" causes neurological disorders. Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a family of such diseases attributed to over 80 spastic gait genes (SPG), specifically characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. Multiple genes in the trafficking pathway such as those relating to microtubule structure and function and organelle biogenesis are representative disease loci. Microtubule motor proteins, or kinesins, are also causal in HSP, specifically mutations in Kinesin-I/KIF5A (SPG10) and two kinesin-3 family members; KIF1A (SPG30) and KIF1C (SPG58). KIF1A is a motor enriched in neurons, and involved in the anterograde transport of a variety of vesicles that contribute to pre- and post-synaptic assembly, autophagic processes, and neuron survival. KIF1C is ubiquitously expressed and, in addition to anterograde cargo transport, also functions in retrograde transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. Only a handful of KIF1C cargos have been identified; however, many have crucial roles such as neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, plasticity and survival. HSP-related kinesin-3 mutants are characterized mainly as loss-of-function resulting in deficits in motility, regulation, and cargo binding. Gain-of-function mutants are also seen, and are characterized by increased microtubule-on rates and hypermotility. Both sets of mutations ultimately result in misdelivery of critical cargos within the neuron. This likely leads to deleterious cell biological cascades that likely underlie or contribute to HSP clinical pathology and ultimately, symptomology. Due to the paucity of histopathological or cell biological data assessing perturbations in cargo localization, it has been difficult to positively link these mutations to the outcomes seen in HSPs. Ultimately, the goal of this review is to encourage future academic and clinical efforts to focus on "transportopathies" through a cargo-centric lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik R Gabrych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Victor Z Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michael A Silverman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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37
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Functions of subventricular zone neural precursor cells in stroke recovery. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112209. [PMID: 31493429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and ectopic migration of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in response to ischemic brain injury was first reported two decades ago. Since then, studies of brain injury-induced subventricular zone cytogenesis, primarily in rodent models, have provided insight into the cellular and molecular determinants of this phenomenon and its modulation by various factors. However, despite considerable correlational evidence-and some direct evidence-to support contributions of NPCs to behavioral recovery after stroke, the causal mechanisms have not been identified. Here we discuss the subventricular zone cytogenic response and its possible roles in brain injury and disease, focusing on rodent models of stroke. Emerging evidence suggests that NPCs can modulate harmful responses and enhance reparative responses to neurologic diseases. We speculatively identify four broad functions of NPCs in the context of stroke: cell replacement, cytoprotection, remodeling of residual tissue, and immunomodulation. Thus, NPCs may have pleiotropic functions in supporting behavioral recovery after stroke.
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38
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Stroke Primes New Hippocampal Neurons for Hyperexcitability. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6396-6398. [PMID: 31413109 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0644-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kalinina A, Maletta T, Carr J, Lehmann H, Fournier NM. Spatial exploration induced expression of immediate early genes Fos and Zif268 in adult-born neurons Is reduced after pentylenetetrazole kindling. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:74-84. [PMID: 31279580 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Seizure activity stimulates adult neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, in the hippocampus. Many new neurons that develop in the presence of repeatedly induced seizures acquire abnormal morphological and functional characteristics that can promote network hyperexcitability and hippocampal dysfunction. However, the impact of seizure induced neurogenesis on behaviour remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether adult-born neurons generated immediately before and during chronic seizures were capable of integration into behaviorally relevant hippocampal networks. Adult rats underwent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling for either 1 or 2 weeks. Proliferating cells were labelled with BrdU immediately before kindling commenced. Twenty-four hours after receiving their last kindling treatment, rats were placed in a novel environment and allowed to freely explore for 30 min. The rats were euthanized 90 min later to examine for behaviourally-induced immediate early gene expression (c-fos, Zif268). Using this approach, we found that PTZ kindled rats did not differ from control rats in regards to exploratory behaviour, but there was a marked attenuation in behaviour-induced expression of Fos and Zif268 for rats that received 2 weeks of PTZ kindling. Further examination revealed that PTZ kindled rats showed reduced colocalization of Fos and Zif268 in 2.5 week old BrdU + cells. The proportion of immature granule cells (doublecortin-positive) expressing behaviorally induced Zif268 was also significantly lower for PTZ kindled rats than control rats. These results suggest that chronic seizures can potentially disrupt the ability of adult-born cells to functionally integrate into hippocampal circuits important for the processing of spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kalinina
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Teresa Maletta
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Joshua Carr
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Hugo Lehmann
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Neil M Fournier
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
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40
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Wang H, Abel GM, Storm DR, Xia Z. Cadmium Exposure Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:501-514. [PMID: 31271426 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant of considerable interest throughout the world and potentially a neurotoxicant. Our recent data indicate that Cd exposure induces impairment of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms for this defect are not known. The goal of this study was to determine if Cd inhibits adult neurogenesis and to identify underlying signaling pathways responsible for this impairment. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process in which adult neural progenitor/stem cells (aNPCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) generate functional new neurons in the hippocampus which contributes to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, studies concerning the effects of neurotoxicants on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the underlying signaling mechanisms are limited. Here, we report that Cd significantly induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation, and impairs neuronal differentiation in primary cultured aNPCs derived from the SGZ. In addition, the c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are activated by Cd and contribute to its toxicity. Furthermore, we exposed 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to Cd through drinking water for 13 weeks to assess the effects of Cd on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Cd treatment reduced the number of 5-week old adult-born cells in the DG and impaired the differentiation of adult-born hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that Cd exposure impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. This may contribute to Cd-mediated inhibition of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Glen M Abel
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Daniel R Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
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Synaptic properties of newly generated granule cells support sparse coding in the adult hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112036. [PMID: 31201871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the adult hippocampus new neurons are continuously generated throughout life and integrate into the existing network via the formation of thousands of new synapses. Adult-born granule cells are known to improve learning and memory at about 3-6 weeks post mitosis by enhancing the brains ability to discriminate similar memory items. However, the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. Here we review the distinct functional properties of the newborn young neurons, including enhanced excitability, reduced GABAergic inhibition, NMDA-receptor dependent electrogenesis and enhanced synaptic plasticity. Although these cellular properties provide a competitive advantage for synapse formation, they do not generate 'hyperactivity' of young neurons. By contrast, in vivo evidence from immediate early gene expression and calcium imaging indicates that young neurons show sparse activity during learning. Similarly, in vitro data show a low number of high-impact synapses, leading to activation young cells by distinct subsets of afferent fibers with minimal overlap. Overall, the enhanced excitability of young cells does not generate hyperactivity but rather counterbalance the low number of excitatory input synapses. Finally, sparse coding in young neurons has been shown to be crucial for neurogenesis-dependent improvement of learning behavior. Taken together, converging evidence from cell physiology and behavioral studies suggests a mechanism that can explain the beneficial effects of adult neurogenesis on brain function.
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Ladrón de Guevara‐Miranda D, Moreno‐Fernández RD, Gil‐Rodríguez S, Rosell‐Valle C, Estivill‐Torrús G, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Castilla‐Ortega E. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis facilitates the forgetting of cocaine-contextual memory. Addict Biol 2019; 24:458-470. [PMID: 29480526 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Erasing memories of cocaine-stimuli associations might have important clinical implications for addiction therapy. Stimulating hippocampal plasticity by enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a promising strategy because the addition of new neurons may not only facilitate new learning but also modify previous connections and weaken retrograde memories. To investigate whether increasing AHN prompted the forgetting of previous contextual cocaine associations, mice trained in a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm were administered chronic intracerebroventricular infusions of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, an endogenous lysophospholipid with pro-neurogenic actions), ki16425 (an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist) or a vehicle solution, and they were tested 23 days later for CPP retention and extinction. The results of immunohistochemical experiments showed that the LPA-treated mice exhibited reduced long-term CPP retention and an approximately twofold increase in the number of adult-born hippocampal cells that differentiated into mature neurons. Importantly, mediation analyses confirmed a causal role of AHN in reducing CPP maintenance. In contrast, the ki16425-treated mice displayed aberrant responses, with initially decreased CPP retention that progressively increased across the extinction sessions, leading to no effect on AHN. The pharmacological treatments did not affect locomotion or general exploratory or anxiety-like responses. In a second experiment, normal and LPA1 -receptor-deficient mice were acutely infused with LPA, which revealed that LPA1 -mediated signaling was required for LPA-induced proliferative actions. These results suggest that the LPA/LPA1 pathway acts as a potent in vivo modulator of AHN and highlight the potential usefulness of pro-AHN strategies to treat aberrant cognition in those addicted to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ladrón de Guevara‐Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Román Darío Moreno‐Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Sara Gil‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Cristina Rosell‐Valle
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de Málaga Spain
- Unidad de Producción de Reprogramación CelularGMP‐Iniciativa Andaluza en Terapia Avanzadas, Junta de Andalucía Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill‐Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Estela Castilla‐Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Spain
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Segklia K, Stamatakis A, Stylianopoulou F, Lavdas AA, Matsas R. Increased Anxiety-Related Behavior, Impaired Cognitive Function and Cellular Alterations in the Brain of Cend1-deficient Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 12:497. [PMID: 30760981 PMCID: PMC6361865 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cend1 is a neuronal-lineage specific modulator involved in coordination of cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors. We have previously shown that Cend1-/- mice show altered cerebellar layering caused by increased proliferation of granule cell precursors, delayed radial granule cell migration and compromised Purkinje cell differentiation, leading to ataxic gait and deficits in motor coordination. To further characterize the effects of Cend1 genetic ablation we determined herein a range of behaviors, including anxiety and exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM), associative learning in fear conditioning, and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). We observed significant deficits in all tests, suggesting structural and/or functional alterations in brain regions such as the cortex, amygdala and the hippocampus. In agreement with these findings, immunohistochemistry revealed reduced numbers of γ amino butyric acid (GABA) GABAergic interneurons, but not of glutamatergic projection neurons, in the adult cerebral cortex. Reduced GABAergic interneurons were also observed in the amygdala, most notably in the basolateral nucleus. The paucity in GABAergic interneurons in adult Cend1-/- mice correlated with increased proliferation and apoptosis as well as reduced migration of neuronal progenitors from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), the origin of these cells. Further we noted reduced GABAergic neurons and aberrant neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, which has been previously shown to confer spatial learning and memory deficits. Our data highlight the necessity of Cend1 expression in the formation of a structurally and functionally normal brain phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Segklia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Stylianopoulou
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros A Lavdas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Hippocampus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:31-53. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Fares J, Bou Diab Z, Nabha S, Fares Y. Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus: history, regulation, and prospective roles. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:598-611. [PMID: 30433866 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1545771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is one of the sites in the mammalian brain that is capable of continuously generating controversy. Adult neurogenesis is a remarkable process, and yet an intensely debatable topic in contemporary neuroscience due to its distinctiveness and conceivable impact on neural activity. The belief that neurogenesis continues through adulthood has provoked remarkable efforts to describe how newborn neurons differentiate and incorporate into the adult brain. It has also encouraged studies that investigate the consequences of inadequate neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and explore the potential role of neural progenitor cells in brain repair. The adult nervous system is not static; it is subjected to morphological and physiological alterations at various levels. This plastic mechanism guarantees that the behavioral regulation of the adult nervous system is adaptable in response to varying environmental stimuli. Three regions of the adult brain, the olfactory bulb, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, contain new-born neurons that exhibit an essential role in the natural functional circuitry of the adult brain. Purpose/Aim: This article explores current advancements in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by presenting its history and evolution and studying its association with neural plasticity. The article also discusses the prospective roles of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and describes the intracellular, extracellular, pathological, and environmental factors involved in its regulation. Abbreviations AHN Adult hippocampal neurogenesis AKT Protein kinase B BMP Bone Morphogenic Protein BrdU Bromodeoxyuridine CNS Central nervous system DG Dentate gyrus DISC1 Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 FGF-2 Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid Mbd1 Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 Mecp2 Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin NSCs Neural stem cells OB Olfactory bulb; P21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 RBPj Recombination Signal Binding protein for Immunoglobulin Kappa J Region RMS Rostral migratory Stream SGZ Subgranular zone Shh Sonic hedgehog SOX2 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 SVZ Subventricular zone Wnt3 Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon.,b Department of Neurological Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Zeina Bou Diab
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon.,c Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
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Itoh M, Okuno H, Yamada D, Yamashita M, Abe M, Natsume R, Kaizuka T, Sakimura K, Hoshino M, Mishina M, Wada K, Sekiguchi M, Hayashi T. Perturbed expression pattern of the immediate early gene Arc in the dentate gyrus of GluA1 C-terminal palmitoylation-deficient mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 39:61-66. [PMID: 30536651 PMCID: PMC7292270 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMPA receptors predominantly mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Post-translational protein S-palmitoylation of AMPA receptor GluA subunits at their C-termini reversibly controls the receptors trafficking to and from excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Excitatory inputs to neurons induce the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), including Arc, with particular spatial patterns. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, Arc is mainly expressed in the upper (dorsal) blade at the basal state. GluA1 C-terminal palmitoylation-deficient (GluA1C811S) mice showed enhanced seizure susceptibility and disturbed synaptic plasticity without impaired gross anatomy or basal synaptic transmission. These mutant mice also exhibited an increased expression of IEG products, c-Fos and Arc proteins, in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In this report, we further analyzed excitability and Arc expression pattern in the dentate gyrus of GluA1C811S mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Electrophysiological analysis of granule neurons to measure the evoked excitatory postsynaptic current/evoked inhibitory postsynaptic current ratio revealed that excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance was normal in GluA1C811S mice. In contrast, immunohistochemical staining showed an abnormal distribution of Arc-positive cells between upper and lower (ventral) blades of the dentate gyrus in these mutant mice. These data suggest that deficiency of GluA1 palmitoylation causes perturbed neuronal inputs from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus, which potentially underlies the excessive excitability in response to seizure-inducing stimulation. CONCLUSION Our findings conclude that an appropriate regulation of Arc expression in the dentate gyrus, ensured by AMPA receptor palmitoylation, may be critical for stabilizing hippocampal neural circuits and may suppress excess excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Itoh
- Section of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- Medical Innovation Center/SK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamashita
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshie Kaizuka
- Section of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Section of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Astragaloside IV Promotes Adult Neurogenesis in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Mouse through CXCL1/CXCR2 Signaling. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092178. [PMID: 30158469 PMCID: PMC6225332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (ASI) has been reported to promote neural stem cells proliferation in vitro and CXCR2 expression on neutrophils. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of ASI on adult neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DGs) of mouse and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. Total number of proliferative cells (BrdU+), pre-mature neurons (DCX+), early proliferative cells (BrdU+/DCX+), proliferative radial gila-like cells (BrdU+/GFAP+) and newly generated neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+) after ASI or vehicle administration for two weeks were counted, respectively. The results showed that BrdU+ cells and DCX+ cells were significantly increased in DGs of mice administered with ASI. The numbers of BrdU+/DCX+, BrdU+/GFAP+ cells and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells were also elevated in the ASI group. Correspondingly, ASI increased the protein expression of hippocampal DCX, GFAP and NeuN. Further study disclosed that ASI remarkably up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL1 as well as that of CXCR2 in the hippocampus. The promotive effect of ASI on DCX, GFAP and NeuN protein expression was abolished by SB225002, the inhibitor of CXCR2. Our results indicated that ASI modulated the homeostasis of the CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway, which might be responsible for the increased neurogenesis within the hippocampal DGs of mice.
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48
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Welbat JU, Chaisawang P, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P. Neuroprotective Properties of Asiatic Acid against 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in the Hippocampus in an Adult Rat Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1053. [PMID: 30096914 PMCID: PMC6115773 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil or 5-FU (a chemotherapeutic medication) has been revealed to induce memory deficits in many cancer patients. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid extract from Centella asiatica. This compound can ameliorate intracellular oxidative stress caused by chemotherapy drugs. Recent studies have shown that AA is capable of inhibiting neuronal generation and memory deficit produced by 5-FU chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms of AA related to hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in rats receiving 5-FU. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given AA (30 mg/kg) orally and given 5-FU (25 mg/kg) by i.v. injection 5 times. Some rats were given AA for 20 days before and during 15-FU treatment (preventive), some received AA for 20 days after 5-FU treatment (recovery), and some underwent treatment with AA throughout the time of the experiment (throughout) for 40 days. Treatment with 5-FU caused significant reductions in Notch1, sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), nestin, doublecortin (DCX), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels within the hippocampus. In addition, 5-FU significantly increased p21 positive cell number in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus. Administration with both AA and 5-FU in prevention and throughout was able to prevent decreases in Notch1 SOX2, nestin, DCX, and Nrf2 caused by 5-FU. Treatment with AA also led to decreases in p21 positive cells and MDA levels in the hippocampus. These findings exhibit that AA has the ability to counteract the down-regulation of neurogenesis within the hippocampus and memory deficits caused by 5-FU via inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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49
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Baptista P, Andrade JP. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Regulation and Possible Functional and Clinical Correlates. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 29922131 PMCID: PMC5996050 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new neurons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) has been recognized as one of the major findings in neuroanatomical research. The hippocampal formation (HF), one of the main targets of these investigations, holds a neurogenic niche widely recognized among several mammalian species and whose existence in the human brain has sparked controversy and extensive debate. Many cellular features from this region emphasize that hippocampal neurogenesis suffers changes with normal aging and, among regulatory factors, physical exercise and chronic stress provoke opposite effects on cell proliferation, maturation and survival. Considering the numerous functions attributable to the HF, increasing or decreasing the integration of new neurons in the delicate neuronal network might be significant for modulation of cognition and emotion. The role that immature and mature adult-born neurons play in this circuitry is still mostly unknown but it could prove fundamental to understand hippocampal-dependent cognitive processes, the pathophysiology of depression, and the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medication in modulating behavior and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Baptista
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José P Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center of Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Ohline SM, Wake KL, Hawkridge MV, Dinnunhan MF, Hegemann RU, Wilson A, Schoderboeck L, Logan BJ, Jungenitz T, Schwarzacher SW, Hughes SM, Abraham WC. Adult-born dentate granule cell excitability depends on the interaction of neuron age, ontogenetic age and experience. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3213-3228. [PMID: 29796923 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early during their maturation, adult-born dentate granule cells (aDGCs) are particularly excitable, but eventually develop the electrophysiologically quiet properties of mature cells. However, the stability versus plasticity of this quiet state across time and experience remains unresolved. By birthdating two populations of aDGCs across different animal ages, we found for 10-month-old rats the expected reduction in excitability across cells aged 4-12 weeks, as determined by Egr1 immunoreactivity. Unexpectedly, cells 35 weeks old (after genesis at an animal age of 2 months) were as excitable as 4-week-old cells, in the dorsal hippocampus. This high level of excitability at maturity was specific for cells born in animals 2 months of age, as cells born later in life did not show this effect. Importantly, excitability states were not fixed once maturity was gained, but were enhanced by enriched environment exposure or LTP induction, indicating that any maturational decrease in excitability can be compensated by experience. These data reveal the importance of the animal's age for aDGC excitability, and emphasize their prolonged capability for plasticity during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ohline
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K L Wake
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M-V Hawkridge
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M F Dinnunhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R U Hegemann
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L Schoderboeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B J Logan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Jungenitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. .,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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