1
|
L'esperance OJ, McGhee J, Davidson G, Niraula S, Smith AS, Sosunov A, Yan SS, Subramanian J. Functional connectivity favors aberrant visual network c-Fos expression accompanied by cortical synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.05.522900. [PMID: 36712054 PMCID: PMC9881957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, sensory network dysfunction has received comparatively less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in both Alzheimer's disease patients and mouse models. We recently found that neurons in the primary visual cortex of an AD mouse model expressing human amyloid protein precursor with the Swedish and Indiana mutations (hAPP mutations) exhibit aberrant c-Fos expression and altered synaptic structures at a pre-amyloid plaque stage. However, it is unclear whether aberrant c-Fos expression and synaptic pathology vary across the broader visual network and to what extent c-Fos abnormality in the cortex is inherited through functional connectivity. Using both sexes of 4-6-month AD model mice with hAPP mutations (J20[PDGF-APPSw, Ind]), we found that cortical regions of the visual network show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation while subcortical regions do not. Interestingly, the average network-wide functional connectivity strength of a brain region in wild type (WT) mice significantly predicts its aberrant c-Fos expression, which in turn correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD model. Using in vivo two-photon and ex vivo imaging of presynaptic termini, we observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory cortical synapses in the visual cortex. Intriguingly, the change in the size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting that synaptic weakening may reflect an adaptation to aberrant activity. Our observations suggest that cellular and synaptic abnormalities in the AD model represent a maladaptive transformation of the baseline physiological state seen in WT conditions rather than entirely novel and unrelated manifestations.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Ai S, Huang C, Liu ZH, Wang HL. Icariin rescues developmental BPA exposure induced spatial memory deficits in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116776. [PMID: 38043803 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been implicated in cognitive impairment. Icariin is the main active ingredient extracted from Epimedium Herb with protective function of nervous system. However, the potential therapeutic effects of Icariin on spatial memory deficits induced by developmental BPA exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats have not been investigated. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of Icariin (10 mg/kg/day, from postnatal day (PND) 21 to PND 60 by gavage) on spatial memory deficits in rat induced by developmental BPA exposure (1 mg/kg/day, from embryonic to PND 60), demonstrating that Icariin can markedly improve spatial memory in BPA-exposed rat. Furthermore, intra-gastric administration of Icariin could attenuate abnormal hippocampal cell dispersion and loss, improved the dendritic spine density and Nissl bodies. Moreover, Icariin reversed BPA induced reduction of frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents(mEPSC) and decrease of Vesicular glutamate transporter 1(VGlut1). Collectively, Icariin could effectively rescue BPA-induced spatial memory impairment in male rats by preventing cell loss and reduction of dendritic spines in the hippocampus. In addition, we also found that VGlut1 is a critical target in the repair of BPA-induced spatial memory by Icariin. Thus, Icariin may be a promising therapeutic agent to attenuate BPA-induced spatial memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Shu Ai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Chengqing Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Woelfle S, Pedro MT, Wagner J, Schön M, Boeckers TM. Expression profiles of the autism-related SHANK proteins in the human brain. BMC Biol 2023; 21:254. [PMID: 37953224 PMCID: PMC10641957 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHANKs are major scaffolding proteins at postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the central nervous system. Mutations in all three family members have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Despite the pathophysiological importance of SHANK2 and SHANK3 mutations in humans, research on the expression of these proteins is mostly based on rodent model organisms. RESULTS In the present study, cellular and neuropil SHANK2 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) staining of post mortem human brain tissue from four male individuals (19 brain regions). Mouse brains were analyzed in comparison to evaluate the degree of phylogenetic conservation. Furthermore, SHANK2 and SHANK3 isoform patterns were compared in human and mouse brain lysates. While isoform expression and subcellular distribution were largely conserved, differences in neuropil levels of SHANK2 were found by IF staining: Maximum expression was concordantly measured in the cerebellum; however, higher SHANK2 expression was detected in the human brainstem and thalamus when compared to mice. One of the lowest SHANK2 levels was found in the human amygdala, a moderately expressing region in mouse. Quantification of SHANK3 IF in mouse brains unveiled a distribution comparable to humans. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data show that the overall expression pattern of SHANK is largely conserved in defined brain regions; however, differences do exist, which need to be considered in the translation of rodent studies. The summarized expression patterns of SHANK2 and SHANK3 should serve as a reference for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria T Pedro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Campus Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University and Universitäts- and Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suárez R, Bluett T, McCullough MH, Avitan L, Black DA, Paolino A, Fenlon LR, Goodhill GJ, Richards LJ. Cortical activity emerges in region-specific patterns during early brain development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208654120. [PMID: 37216522 PMCID: PMC10235933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208654120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of precise neural circuits in the brain requires spontaneous patterns of neural activity prior to functional maturation. In the rodent cerebral cortex, patchwork and wave patterns of activity develop in somatosensory and visual regions, respectively, and are present at birth. However, whether such activity patterns occur in noneutherian mammals, as well as when and how they arise during development, remain open questions relevant for understanding brain formation in health and disease. Since the onset of patterned cortical activity is challenging to study prenatally in eutherians, here we offer an approach in a minimally invasive manner using marsupial dunnarts, whose cortex forms postnatally. We discovered similar patchwork and travelling waves in the dunnart somatosensory and visual cortices at stage 27 (equivalent to newborn mice) and examined earlier stages of development to determine the onset of these patterns and how they first emerge. We observed that these patterns of activity emerge in a region-specific and sequential manner, becoming evident as early as stage 24 in somatosensory and stage 25 in visual cortices (equivalent to embryonic day 16 and 17, respectively, in mice), as cortical layers establish and thalamic axons innervate the cortex. In addition to sculpting synaptic connections of existing circuits, evolutionarily conserved patterns of neural activity could therefore help regulate other early events in cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Tobias Bluett
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Michael H. McCullough
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Lilach Avitan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Dylan A. Black
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Annalisa Paolino
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Laura R. Fenlon
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Goodhill
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Linda J. Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin S, Campbell EJ, Ip CK, Layfield S, Bathgate RAD, Herzog H, Lawrence AJ. Molecular Profiling of VGluT1 AND VGluT2 Ventral Subiculum to Nucleus Accumbens Shell Projections. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03921-z. [PMID: 37017888 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens shell is a critical node in reward circuitry, encoding environments associated with reward. Long-range inputs from the ventral hippocampus (ventral subiculum) to the nucleus accumbens shell have been identified, yet their precise molecular phenotype remains to be determined. Here we used retrograde tracing to identify the ventral subiculum as the brain region with the densest glutamatergic (VGluT1-Slc17a7) input to the shell. We then used circuit-directed translating ribosome affinity purification to examine the molecular characteristics of distinct glutamatergic (VGluT1, VGluT2-Slc17a6) ventral subiculum to nucleus accumbens shell projections. We immunoprecipitated translating ribosomes from this population of projection neurons and analysed molecular connectomic information using RNA sequencing. We found differential gene enrichment across both glutamatergic projection neuron subtypes. In VGluT1 projections, we found enrichment of Pfkl, a gene involved in glucose metabolism. In VGluT2 projections, we found a depletion of Sparcl1 and Dlg1, genes known to play a role in depression- and addiction-related behaviours. These findings highlight potential glutamatergic neuronal-projection-specific differences in ventral subiculum to nucleus accumbens shell projections. Together these data advance our understanding of the phenotype of a defined brain circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Jin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon Layfield
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aldera H, AlQahtani OA, AlQahtani MA, Al Nasher SM, Alqirnas MQ. The Neuronal Cotransmission: Mechanistic Insights From the Autonomic Nervous System. Cureus 2023; 15:e35124. [PMID: 36945270 PMCID: PMC10025427 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now scientifically accepted that neurons have the ability to release multiple transmitter substances simultaneously, yet, cotransmission's functionality is still limited to the scientific community. Acetylcholine is released by the noradrenergic neurons, and then the acetylcholine works prejunctionally in the promotion of the noradrenaline release. This hypothesis significantly challenged the previous idea of autonomic transmission as being a simple process that had a single transmitter. Norepinephrine was thought to be the single transmitter at the sympathetic neurovascular junction according to "Dale's principle". However, more evidence of the involvement of other neurotransmitters has been shown by many researchers in conjunction with Dale's principle and established terms such as adrenergic, purinergic, and peptidergic nerves. With the discovery of cotransmission, we now understand the existence of more than one neurotransmitter at a sympathetic neurovascular junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Aldera
- Neurophysiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Muhannad Q Alqirnas
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mi Z, Abrahamson EE, Ryu AY, Malek-Ahmadi M, Kofler JK, Fish KN, Sweet RA, Villemagne VL, Schneider JA, Mufson EJ, Ikonomovic MD. Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Changes in the Cortical Default Mode Network During the Clinical and Pathological Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:227-246. [PMID: 37212097 PMCID: PMC10994206 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to impaired default mode network (DMN) function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the DMN hub regions, frontal cortex (FC) was suggested to undergo a glutamatergic plasticity response in prodromal AD, while the status of glutamatergic synapses in the precuneus (PreC) during clinical-neuropathological AD progression is not known. OBJECTIVE To quantify vesicular glutamate transporter VGluT1- and VGluT2-containing synaptic terminals in PreC and FC across clinical stages of AD. METHODS Unbiased sampling and quantitative confocal immunofluorescence of cortical VGluT1- and VGluT2-immunoreactive profiles and spinophilin-labeled dendritic spines were performed in cases with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild-moderate AD (mAD), or moderate-severe AD (sAD). RESULTS In both regions, loss of VGluT1-positive profile density was seen in sAD compared to NCI, MCI, and mAD. VGluT1-positive profile intensity in PreC did not differ across groups, while in FC it was greater in MCI, mAD, and sAD compared to NCI. VGluT2 measures were stable in PreC while FC had greater VGluT2-positive profile density in MCI compared to sAD, but not NCI or mAD. Spinophilin measures in PreC were lower in mAD and sAD compared to NCI, while in FC they were stable across groups. Lower VGluT1 and spinophilin measures in PreC, but not FC, correlated with greater neuropathology. CONCLUSION Frank loss of VGluT1 in advanced AD relative to NCI occurs in both DMN regions. In FC, an upregulation of VGluT1 protein content in remaining glutamatergic terminals may contribute to this region's plasticity response in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Mi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E. Abrahamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angela Y. Ryu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Malek-Ahmadi
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arizona
College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Julia K. Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Translational Neurosciences and Neurology,
Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martinez-Galan JR, Garcia-Belando M, Cabanes-Sanchis JJ, Caminos E. Pre- and postsynaptic alterations in the visual cortex of the P23H-1 retinal degeneration rat model. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1000085. [PMID: 36312296 PMCID: PMC9608761 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P23H rats express a variant of rhodopsin with a mutation that leads to loss of visual function with similar properties as human autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The advances made in different therapeutic strategies to recover visual system functionality reveal the need to know whether progressive retina degeneration affects the visual cortex structure. Here we are interested in detecting cortical alterations in young rats with moderate retinal degeneration, and in adulthood when degeneration is severer. For this purpose, we studied the synaptic architecture of the primary visual cortex (V1) by analyzing a series of pre- and postsynaptic elements related to excitatory glutamatergic transmission. Visual cortices from control Sprague Dawley (SD) and P23H rats at postnatal days 30 (P30) and P230 were used to evaluate the distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 by immunofluorescence, and to analyze the expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) by Western blot. The amount and dendritic spine distribution along the apical shafts of the layer V pyramidal neurons, stained by the Golgi-Cox method, were also studied. We observed that at P30, RP does not significantly affect any of the studied markers and structures, which suggests in young P23H rats that visual cortex connectivity seems preserved. However, in adult rats, although VGLUT1 immunoreactivity and PSD-95 expression were similar between both groups, a narrower and stronger VGLUT2-immunoreactive band in layer IV was observed in the P23H rats. Furthermore, RP significantly decreased the density of dendritic spines and altered their distribution along the apical shafts of pyramidal neurons, which remained in a more immature state compared to the P230 SD rats. Our results indicate that the most notable changes in the visual cortex structure take place after a prolonged retinal degeneration period that affected the presynaptic thalamocortical VGLUT2-immunoreactive terminals and postsynaptic dendritic spines from layer V pyramidal cells. Although plasticity is more limited at these ages, future studies will determine how reversible these changes are and to what extent they can affect the visual system's functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan R. Martinez-Galan
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin S, Maddern XJ, Campbell EJ, Lawrence AJ. Examining ventral subiculum and basolateral amygdala projections to the nucleus accumbens shell: Differential expression of VGLuT1, VGLuT2 and VGaT in the rat. Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136858. [PMID: 36038028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Projections to the striatum are well-identified. For example, in the ventral striatum, two major inputs to the medial nucleus accumbens shell include the ventral subiculum and basolateral amygdala. However, the chemical phenotype(s) of these projection neurons remain unclear. In this study, we examined amygdalostriatal and corticostriatal connectivity in rats using injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin b into the nucleus accumbens shell. To determine the neurotransmitter identity of projection neurons, we combined retrograde tracing with RNAscope in-situ hybridization, using mRNA probes against vesicular transporters associated with glutamatergic (VGluT1 - Slc17a7, VGluT2 - Slc17a6) or GABAergic (VGaT - Slc32a1) neurotransmission. Confocal imaging was used to examine vesicular transporter mRNA expression in the ventral subiculum and basolateral amygdala inputs to the nucleus accumbens shell. Both projections contained mostly VGluT1-expressing neurons. Interestingly, almost a quarter of ventral subiculum to nucleus accumbens shell projections co-expressed VGluT1 and VGluT2 compared to a relatively small number (∼3%) that were co-expressed in basolateral amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell afferents. However, almost a quarter of basolateral amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell projections were VGaT-positive. These findings highlight the diverse proportions of glutamatergic and GABAergic afferents in two major projections to the nucleus accumbens shell and raise important questions for functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Jin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xavier J Maddern
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han HM, Jeong SY, Cho YS, Choi SY, Bae YC. Expression of Piezo2 in the dental pulp, sensory root and trigeminal ganglion and it's coexpression with vesicular glutamate transporters. J Endod 2022; 48:1407-1413. [PMID: 35952898 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information on the type of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) that is expressed in the Piezo2-positive (+) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and on the type of Piezo2+ axons and their distribution in the dental pulp is important for understanding dental pain elicited by mechanical stimuli and developing new therapeutic strategies. METHODS We examined expression of Piezo2 and its coexpression with VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in rat TG, sensory root and in human dental pulp by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis. RESULTS VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 were expressed in the TG neurons. Piezo2 was expressed in axons of all types but primarily in small myelinated (Aδ) axons in the sensory root. In the dental pulp, Piezo2 was expressed densely in the numerous axons that form plexus in the peripheral pulp. Piezo2+ axons in the peripheral pulp were mostly unmyelinated and the Piezo2-immunoreactivity was often concentrated near the axolemma, suggesting that it may represent functional receptors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that 1) VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are involved in the glutamate signaling in Piezo2+ neurons, 2) Piezo2 may be primarily activated by noxious mechanical stimuli and 3) Piezo2-mediated dental mechanotransduction may be primarily elicited in the peripheral pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soon Youn Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yi Sul Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He A, Zhang C, Ke X, Yi Y, Yu Q, Zhang T, Yu H, Du H, Li H, Tian Q, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. VGLUT3 neurons in median raphe control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval via ETV4 regulation of VGLUT3 transcription. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1590-1607. [PMID: 35089530 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The raphe nucleus is critical for feeding, rewarding and memory. However, how the heterogenous raphe neurons are molecularly and structurally organized to engage their divergent functions remains unknown. Here, we genetically target a subset of neurons expressing VGLUT3. VGLUT3 neurons control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval by synapsing directly with parvalbumin-expressing GABA interneurons (PGIs) in the dentate gyrus. In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD mice), VGLUT3→PGIs synaptic transmission is impaired by ETV4 inhibition of VGLUT3 transcription. ETV4 binds to a promoter region of VGLUT3 and activates VGLUT3 transcription in VGLUT3 neurons. Strengthening VGLUT3→PGIs synaptic transmission by ETV4 activation of VGLUT3 transcription upscales the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval in AD mice. This study reports a novel circuit and molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval via ETV4 inhibition of VGLUT3 transcription and hence provides a promising target for therapeutic intervention of the disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aodi He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bravo L, Mariscal P, Llorca-Torralba M, López-Cepero JM, Nacher J, Berrocoso E. Altered expression of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the locus coeruleus of nerve-injured rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:918321. [PMID: 35966012 PMCID: PMC9363707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.918321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic condition provoked by a lesion in the nervous system and it induces functional alterations to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), affecting distinct dimensions of pain, like sensorial hypersensitivity, pain-induced depression, and anxiety. However, the neurobiological changes induced by nerve damage in the LC remain unclear. Here, we analyzed excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the LC, as well as the possible damage that noradrenergic neurons suffer after the induction of neuropathic pain through chronic constriction injury (CCI). Neuropathic pain was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 or 2 (VGLUT1 or VGLUT2), vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) was analyzed by immunofluorescence 7 (CCI7d) or 28 days after the original lesion (CCI28d). While no significant differences in the density of VGLUT1 puncta were evident, CCI7d induced a significant increase in the perisomatic VGLUT2/VGAT ratio relative to Sham-operated and CCI28d animals. By contrast, when the entire region of LC is evaluated, there was a significant reduction in the density of VGLUT2 puncta in CCI28d animals, without changes in VGLUT2/VGAT ratio relative to the CCI7d animals. Additionally, changes in the noradrenergic soma size, and a lower density of mitochondria and lysosomes were evident in CCI28d animals. Interestingly, enhanced expression of the apoptotic marker CC3 was also evident in the CCI28d rats, mainly co-localizing with glial fibrillary acidic protein but not with any neuronal or noradrenergic marker. Overall, short-term pain appears to lead to an increase of markers of excitatory synapses in the perisomatic region of noradrenergic cells in the LC, an effect that is lost after long-term pain, which appears to activate apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bravo
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mariscal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose María López-Cepero
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kramer PR, Umorin M, Hornung R, Benson MD, Kinchington PR. Sex Differences in the Role of Neurexin 3α in Zoster Associated Pain. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:915797. [PMID: 35875508 PMCID: PMC9302461 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.915797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) induces orofacial pain and female rats show greater pain than male rats. During the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle the VZV induce pain response is attenuated in female rats. A screen of gene expression changes in diestrus and proestrus female rats indicated neurexin 3α (Nrxn3α) was elevated in the central amygdala of proestrus rats vs. diestrus rats. GABAergic neurons descend from the central amygdala to the lateral parabrachial region and Nrxn3α is important for presynaptic γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Thus, we hypothesized that the reduced orofacial pain in male rats and proestrus female rats is the result of increased Nrxn3α within the central amygdala that increases GABA release from axon terminals within the parabrachial and inhibits ascending pain signals. To test this hypothesis Nrxn3 α expression was knocked-down by infusing shRNA constructs in the central amygdala. Then GABA release in the parabrachial was quantitated concomitant with measuring the pain response. Results revealed that knockdown of Nrxn3α expression significantly increases the pain response in both male rats and proestrus female rats vs. diestrus rats. GABA release was significantly reduced in the parabrachial of male and proestrus female rats after Nrxn3α knockdown. Neuronal activity of excitatory neurons was significantly inhibited in the parabrachial after Nrxn3α knockdown. These results are consistent with the idea that Nrxn3 within the central amygdala controls VZV associated pain by regulating GABA release in the lateral parabrachial that then modulates ascending orofacial pain signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mikhail Umorin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Hornung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - M. Douglas Benson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology and of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mao H, Mediavilla T, Estévez-Silva H, Marcellino D, Sultan F. Increase of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 co-expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei related to skilled reach learning. Brain Res 2022; 1782:147842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
15
|
Guarque-Chabrera J, Gil-Miravet I, Olucha-Bordonau F, Melchor-Eixea I, Miquel M. When the front fails, the rear wins. Cerebellar correlates of prefrontal dysfunction in cocaine-induced memory in male rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 112:110429. [PMID: 34416354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal pathways connecting the cerebellum to the prefrontal cortex provide a biological and functional substrate to modulate cognitive functions. Dysfunction of both medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cerebellum underlie the phenotypes of several neuropsychiatric disorders that exhibit comorbidity with substance use disorder (SUD). In people with SUD, cue-action-reward associations appears to be particularly strong and salient, acting as powerful motivational triggers for craving and relapse. Studies of cue reactivity in human with SUD have shown cerebellar activations when drug-related cues are presented. Our preclinical research showed that cocaine-induced conditioned preference increases neural activity and upregulates perineuronal nets (PNNs) around Golgi interneurons in the posterior cerebellar cortex. In the present investigation, we aimed at evaluating cerebellar signatures of conditioned preference for cocaine when drug learning is established under mPFC impairment. We used lidocaine to temporarily inactivate in male rats either the Prelimbic (PL) or the Infralimbic (IL) cortices during cocaine-induced conditioning. The inactivation of the IL, but not the PL, encouraged the acquisition of preference for cocaine-related cues, increased posterior cerebellar cortex activity, and upregulated the expression of PNNs around Golgi interneurons. Moreover, IL impairment not only increased vGluT2- and vGAT-related activity around Golgi cells but also regulated PNNs differently on subpopulations of Golgi cells, increasing the number of neurogranin+ PNN-expressing Golgi cells. Our findings suggest that IL dysfunction may facilitate the acquisition of cocaine-induced memory and cerebellar drug-related learning hallmarks. Overall, IL perturbation during cocaine-induced Pavlovian learning increased cerebellar activity and drug effects. Importantly, cerebellum involvement requires a contingent experience with the drug, and it is not the effect of a mere inactivation of IL cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| | - Isis Gil-Miravet
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| | | | - Ignasi Melchor-Eixea
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
When animals walk overground, mechanical stimuli activate various receptors located in muscles, joints, and skin. Afferents from these mechanoreceptors project to neuronal networks controlling locomotion in the spinal cord and brain. The dynamic interactions between the control systems at different levels of the neuraxis ensure that locomotion adjusts to its environment and meets task demands. In this article, we describe and discuss the essential contribution of somatosensory feedback to locomotion. We start with a discussion of how biomechanical properties of the body affect somatosensory feedback. We follow with the different types of mechanoreceptors and somatosensory afferents and their activity during locomotion. We then describe central projections to locomotor networks and the modulation of somatosensory feedback during locomotion and its mechanisms. We then discuss experimental approaches and animal models used to investigate the control of locomotion by somatosensory feedback before providing an overview of the different functional roles of somatosensory feedback for locomotion. Lastly, we briefly describe the role of somatosensory feedback in the recovery of locomotion after neurological injury. We highlight the fact that somatosensory feedback is an essential component of a highly integrated system for locomotor control. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-71, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Frigon
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Turgay Akay
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Boris I Prilutsky
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abbas Farishta R, Zouahi H, Casanova C. Distributions of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 in the visual thalamus and associated areas of the cat. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1112-1125. [PMID: 34468980 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is packaged in vesicles via two main vesicular transporter (VGLUT) proteins, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, which regulate its storage and release from synapses of excitatory neurons. Studies in rodents, primates, ferrets, and tree shrews suggest that these transporters may identify distinct subsets of excitatory projections in visual structures, particularly in thalamocortical pathways where they tend to correlate with modulatory and driver projections, respectively. Despite being a well-studied model of thalamocortical connectivity, little is known about their expression pattern in the cat visual system. To expand current knowledge on their distribution and how they correlated with known driver and modulator projecting sites, we examined the protein expression patterns of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the visual thalamus of the cat (lateral geniculate nucleus and the pulvinar complex). We also studied their expression pattern in relevant visual structures projecting to or receiving significant thalamic projections, such as the primary visual cortex and the superior colliculus. Our results indicate that both VGLUTs are consistently present throughout the cat visual system and show laminar or nuclei specificity in their distribution, which suggests, as in other species, that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 represent distinct populations of glutamatergic projections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbas Farishta
- Laboratoire des neurosciences de la vision, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hadjer Zouahi
- Laboratoire des neurosciences de la vision, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Casanova
- Laboratoire des neurosciences de la vision, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Villalba RM, Behnke JA, Pare JF, Smith Y. Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3408-3425. [PMID: 33676368 PMCID: PMC8599722 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II-III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II-III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential thalamic denervation of deep cortical layers in parkinsonism. There was a significant difference in the pattern of synaptic connectivity in layers II-III, but not in layer Vb, between M1 and SMA of control monkeys. However, this difference was abolished in parkinsonian animals. No major difference was found in the proportion of perforated versus macular post-synaptic densities at thalamocortical synapses between control and parkinsonian monkeys in both cortical regions, except for a slight increase in the prevalence of perforated axo-dendritic synapses in the SMA of parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings suggest that disruption of the thalamic innervation of M1 and SMA may underlie pathophysiological changes of the motor thalamocortical loop in the state of parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph A Behnke
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leveraging VGLUT3 Functions to Untangle Brain Dysfunctions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:475-490. [PMID: 33775453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) were long thought to be specific markers of glutamatergic excitatory transmission. The discovery, two decades ago, of the atypical VGLUT3 has thoroughly modified this oversimplified view. VGLUT3 is strategically expressed in discrete populations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and even GABAergic neurons. Recent reports show the subtle, but critical, implications of VGLUT3-dependent glutamate co-transmission and its roles in the regulation of diverse brain functions and dysfunctions. Progress in the neuropharmacology of VGLUT3 could lead to decisive breakthroughs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), addiction, eating disorders, anxiety, presbycusis, or pain. This review summarizes recent findings on VGLUT3 and its vesicular underpinnings as well as on possible ways to target this atypical transporter for future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Maher EE, Prillaman ME, Keskinoz EN, Petry HM, Erisir A. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural organization of the taste thalamus of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2558-2575. [PMID: 33458823 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventroposterior medialis parvocellularis (VPMP) nucleus of the primate thalamus receives direct input from the nucleus of the solitary tract, whereas the homologous thalamic structure in the rodent does not. To reveal whether the synaptic circuitries in these nuclei lend evidence for conservation of design principles in the taste thalamus across species or across sensory thalamus in general, we characterized the ultrastructural and molecular properties of the VPMP in a close relative of primates, the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), and compared these to known properties of the taste thalamus in rodent, and the visual thalamus in mammals. Electron microscopy analysis to categorize the synaptic inputs in the VPMP revealed that the largest-size terminals contained many vesicles and formed large synaptic zones with thick postsynaptic density on multiple, medium-caliber dendrite segments. Some formed triads within glomerular arrangements. Smaller-sized terminals contained dark mitochondria; most formed a single asymmetric or symmetric synapse on small-diameter dendrites. Immuno-EM experiments revealed that the large-size terminals contained VGLUT2, whereas the small-size terminal populations contained VGLUT1 or ChAT. These findings provide evidence that the morphological and molecular characteristics of synaptic circuitry in the tree shrew VPMP are similar to that in nonchemical sensory thalamic nuclei. Furthermore, the results indicate that all primary sensory nuclei of the thalamus in higher mammals share a structural template for processing thalamocortical sensory information. In contrast, substantial morphological and molecular differences in rodent versus tree shrew taste nuclei suggest a fundamental divergence in cellular processing mechanisms of taste input in these two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - McKenzie E Prillaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elif N Keskinoz
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Heywood M Petry
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alev Erisir
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fougère M, van der Zouwen CI, Boutin J, Ryczko D. Heterogeneous expression of dopaminergic markers and Vglut2 in mouse mesodiencephalic dopaminergic nuclei A8-A13. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1273-1292. [PMID: 32869307 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Co-transmission of glutamate by brain dopaminergic (DA) neurons was recently proposed as a potential factor influencing cell survival in models of Parkinson's disease. Intriguingly, brain DA nuclei are differentially affected in Parkinson's disease. Whether this is associated with different patterns of co-expression of the glutamatergic phenotype along the rostrocaudal brain axis is unknown in mammals. We hypothesized that, as in zebrafish, the glutamatergic phenotype is present preferentially in the caudal mesodiencephalic DA nuclei. Here, we used in mice a cell fate mapping strategy based on reporter protein expression (ZsGreen) consecutive to previous expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) gene, coupled with immunofluorescence experiments against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine transporter (DAT). We found three expression patterns in DA cells, organized along the rostrocaudal brain axis. The first pattern (TH-positive, DAT-positive, ZsGreen-positive) was found in A8-A10. The second pattern (TH-positive, DAT-negative, ZsGreen-positive) was found in A11. The third pattern (TH-positive, DAT-negative, ZsGreen-negative) was found in A12-A13. These patterns should help to refine the establishment of the homology of DA nuclei between vertebrate species. Our results also uncover that Vglut2 is expressed at some point during cell lifetime in DA nuclei known to degenerate in Parkinson's disease and largely absent from those that are preserved, suggesting that co-expression of the glutamatergic phenotype in DA cells influences their survival in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fougère
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cornelis Immanuel van der Zouwen
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joël Boutin
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dimitri Ryczko
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Neurosciences de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yeung JHY, Calvo-Flores Guzmán B, Palpagama TH, Ethiraj J, Zhai Y, Tate WP, Peppercorn K, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. Amyloid-beta 1-42 induced glutamatergic receptor and transporter expression changes in the mouse hippocampus. J Neurochem 2020; 155:62-80. [PMID: 32491248 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading type of dementia worldwide. With an increasing burden of an aging population coupled with the lack of any foreseeable cure, AD warrants the current intense research effort on the toxic effects of an increased concentration of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. Glutamate is the main excitatory brain neurotransmitter and it plays an essential role in the function and health of neurons and neuronal excitability. While previous studies have shown alterations in expression of glutamatergic signaling components in AD, the underlying mechanisms of these changes are not well understood. This is the first comprehensive anatomical study to characterize the subregion- and cell layer-specific long-term effect of Aβ1-42 on the expression of specific glutamate receptors and transporters in the mouse hippocampus, using immunohistochemistry with confocal microscopy. Outcomes are examined 30 days after Aβ1-42 stereotactic injection in aged male C57BL/6 mice. We report significant decreases in density of the glutamate receptor subunit GluA1 and the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT) 1 in the conus ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus in the Aβ1-42 injected mice compared with artificial cerebrospinal fluid injected and naïve controls, notably in the stratum oriens and stratum radiatum. GluA1 subunit density also decreased within the dentate gyrus dorsal stratum moleculare in Aβ1-42 injected mice compared with artificial cerebrospinal fluid injected controls. These changes are consistent with findings previously reported in the human AD hippocampus. By contrast, glutamate receptor subunits GluA2, GluN1, GluN2A, and VGluT2 showed no changes in expression. These findings indicate that Aβ1-42 induces brain region and layer specific expression changes of the glutamatergic receptors and transporters, suggesting complex and spatial vulnerability of this pathway during development of AD neuropathology. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 7. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14763.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Y Yeung
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beatriz Calvo-Flores Guzmán
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thulani H Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jayarjun Ethiraj
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ying Zhai
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li ZH, Zhang CK, Qiao Y, Ge SN, Zhang T, Li JL. Coexpression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in precerebellar neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus of the rat. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:94-106. [PMID: 32562720 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1 and VGLUT2 have been reported to distribute complementally in most brain regions and have been assumed to define distinct functional elements. Previous studies have shown the expression of VGLUT1 mRNA and VGLUT2 mRNA in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), a key precerebellar nucleus sending mossy fibers to the cerebellum. In the present study, we firstly examined the coexpression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA in the LRN of the rat by dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization. About 81.89 % of glutamatergic LRN neurons coexpressed VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNA, and the others expressed either VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA. We then injected the retrograde tracer Fluogold (FG) into the vermal cortex of cerebellum, and observed that 95.01 % and 86.80 % of FG-labeled LRN neurons expressed VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA respectively. We further injected the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the LRN, and found about 82.6 % of BDA labeled axon terminals in the granular layer of cerebellar cortex showed both VGLUT1- and VGLUT2-immunoreactivities. Afterwards, we observed under electron microscopy that anterogradely labeled axon terminals showing immunoreactivity for VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 made asymmetric synapses with dendritic profiles of cerebellar neurons. Finally, we selectively down-regulated the expression of VGLUT1 mRNA or VGLUT2 mRNA by using viral vector mediated siRNA transfection and detected that the fine movements of the forelimb of rats were disturbed. These results indicated that LRN neurons coexpressing VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 project to the cerebellar cortex and these neurons might be critical in mediating the forelimb movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 of West Changle Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.1 of Xinyi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chun-Kui Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 of West Changle Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 of West Changle Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shun-Nan Ge
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 of West Changle Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.1 of Xinyi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 of West Changle Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Lian Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 of West Changle Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Northwest University, No.229 of North Taibai Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shortall SE, Brown AM, Newton-Mann E, Dawe-Lane E, Evans C, Fowler M, King MV. Calbindin Deficits May Underlie Dissociable Effects of 5-HT 6 and mGlu 7 Antagonists on Glutamate and Cognition in a Dual-Hit Neurodevelopmental Model for Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3439-3457. [PMID: 32533466 PMCID: PMC7340678 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite several compounds entering clinical trials for the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, few have progressed beyond phase III. This is partly attributed to a need for improved preclinical models, to understand disease and enable predictive evaluation of novel therapeutics. To this end, one recent approach incorporates "dual-hit" neurodevelopmental insults like neonatal phencyclidine plus isolation rearing (PCP-Iso). Glutamatergic dysfunction contributes to schizophrenia pathophysiology and may represent a treatment target, so we used enzyme-based microsensors to evaluate basal- and drug-evoked glutamate release in hippocampal slices from rats that received neonatal PCP and/or isolation rearing. 5-HT6 antagonist-evoked glutamate release (thought to be mediated indirectly via GABAergic disinhibition) was reduced in PCP-Iso, as were cognitive effects of a 5-HT6 antagonist in a hippocampal glutamate-dependent novel object discrimination task. Yet mGlu7 antagonist-evoked glutamatergic and cognitive responses were spared. Immunohistochemical analyses suggest these findings (which mirror the apparent lack of clinical response to 5-HT6 antagonists in schizophrenia) are not due to reduced hippocampal 5-HT input in PCP-Iso, but may be explained by reduced calbindin expression. This calcium-binding protein is present in a subset of GABAergic interneurons receiving preferential 5-HT innervation and expressing 5-HT6 receptors. Its loss (in schizophrenia and PCP-Iso) would be expected to reduce interneuron firing and potentially prevent further 5-HT6 antagonist-mediated disinhibition, without impacting on responses of VIP-expressing interneurons to mGlu7 antagonism. This research highlights the importance of improved understanding for selection of appropriate preclinical models, especially where disease neurobiology impacts on cells mediating the effects of potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead E Shortall
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Angus M Brown
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eliot Newton-Mann
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Erin Dawe-Lane
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Chanelle Evans
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maxine Fowler
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Madeleine V King
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang YB, de Lartigue G, Page AJ. Dissecting the Role of Subtypes of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents. Front Physiol 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32595525 PMCID: PMC7300233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) vagal afferents convey sensory signals from the GI tract to the brain. Numerous subtypes of GI vagal afferent have been identified but their individual roles in gut function and feeding regulation are unclear. In the past decade, technical approaches to selectively target vagal afferent subtypes and to assess their function has significantly progressed. This review examines the classification of GI vagal afferent subtypes and discusses the current available techniques to study vagal afferents. Investigating the distribution of GI vagal afferent subtypes and understanding how to access and modulate individual populations are essential to dissect their fundamental roles in the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko B Wang
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pietrancosta N, Djibo M, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Erickson JD. Molecular, Structural, Functional, and Pharmacological Sites for Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3118-3142. [PMID: 32474835 PMCID: PMC7261050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control quantal size of glutamatergic transmission and have been the center of numerous studies over the past two decades. VGLUTs contain two independent transport modes that facilitate glutamate packaging into synaptic vesicles and phosphate (Pi) ion transport into the synaptic terminal. While a transmembrane proton electrical gradient established by a vacuolar-type ATPase powers vesicular glutamate transport, recent studies indicate that binding sites and flux properties for chloride, potassium, and protons within VGLUTs themselves regulate VGLUT activity as well. These intrinsic ionic binding and flux properties of VGLUTs can therefore be modulated by neurophysiological conditions to affect levels of glutamate available for release from synapses. Despite their extraordinary importance, specific and high-affinity pharmacological compounds that interact with these sites and regulate VGLUT function, distinguish between the various modes of transport, and the different isoforms themselves, are lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiologic sites for VGLUT regulation that could modulate glutamate release in an over-active synapse or in a disease state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mahamadou Djibo
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, LCBPT, UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle, Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Erickson
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo S, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Ma T, Shao W, Xiao C. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Agonist PSB-0777 Modulates Synaptic Proteins and AMPA Receptor Expression in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1159-1171. [PMID: 32448843 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulating synaptic formation and transmission is critical for the physiology and pathology of psychiatric disorders. The adenosine A2A receptor subtype has attracted widespread attention as a key regulator of neuropsychiatric activity, neuroprotection and injury. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulatory effects of a novel A2A receptor agonist, PSB-0777, on the expression of synaptic proteins and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPA receptors) at the cellular level in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 30 min of high-dose PSB-0777 stimulation, the expression of Synapsin-1 (Syn-1), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and AMPA receptors and the number of synapses were rapidly and significantly increased in rat primary cortical neurons compared with the control. Sustained elevation was found in the low and medium-dose groups after 24 h and 3 d of treatment. In contrast, after stimulation with PSB-0777 for 3 consecutive days, the expression of Syn-1 was decreased, and PSD95, AMPA receptors and the number of synapses were no longer increased in the high-dose group. Our study focuses on the detailed and systematic regulation of synaptic proteins and AMPA receptors by an A2A receptor agonist, PSB-0777, which may result in both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurotransmission and neuroprotection and may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders related to A2A receptors. These experimental data may contribute to understanding of the mechanisms for neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of A2A receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tengfei Ma
- Yunnan University, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences
| | - Wenping Shao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Department of Medical Examination
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nanostructural Diversity of Synapses in the Mammalian Spinal Cord. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8189. [PMID: 32424125 PMCID: PMC7235094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally distinct synapses exhibit diverse and complex organisation at molecular and nanoscale levels. Synaptic diversity may be dependent on developmental stage, anatomical locus and the neural circuit within which synapses reside. Furthermore, astrocytes, which align with pre and post-synaptic structures to form ‘tripartite synapses’, can modulate neural circuits and impact on synaptic organisation. In this study, we aimed to determine which factors impact the diversity of excitatory synapses throughout the lumbar spinal cord. We used PSD95-eGFP mice, to visualise excitatory postsynaptic densities (PSDs) using high-resolution and super-resolution microscopy. We reveal a detailed and quantitative map of the features of excitatory synapses in the lumbar spinal cord, detailing synaptic diversity that is dependent on developmental stage, anatomical region and whether associated with VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 terminals. We report that PSDs are nanostructurally distinct between spinal laminae and across age groups. PSDs receiving VGLUT1 inputs also show enhanced nanostructural complexity compared with those receiving VGLUT2 inputs, suggesting pathway-specific diversity. Finally, we show that PSDs exhibit greater nanostructural complexity when part of tripartite synapses, and we provide evidence that astrocytic activation enhances PSD95 expression. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the regulation and diversification of synapses across functionally distinct spinal regions and advance our general understanding of the ‘rules’ governing synaptic nanostructural organisation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nitzan N, McKenzie S, Beed P, English DF, Oldani S, Tukker JJ, Buzsáki G, Schmitz D. Propagation of hippocampal ripples to the neocortex by way of a subiculum-retrosplenial pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1947. [PMID: 32327634 PMCID: PMC7181800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bouts of high frequency activity known as sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) facilitate communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the paths and mechanisms by which SPW-Rs broadcast their content are not well understood. Due to its anatomical positioning, the granular retrosplenial cortex (gRSC) may be a bridge for this hippocampo-cortical dialogue. Using silicon probe recordings in awake, head-fixed mice, we show the existence of SPW-R analogues in gRSC and demonstrate their coupling to hippocampal SPW-Rs. gRSC neurons reliably distinguished different subclasses of hippocampal SPW-Rs according to ensemble activity patterns in CA1. We demonstrate that this coupling is brain state-dependent, and delineate a topographically-organized anatomical pathway via VGlut2-expressing, bursty neurons in the subiculum. Optogenetic stimulation or inhibition of bursty subicular cells induced or reduced responses in superficial gRSC, respectively. These results identify a specific path and underlying mechanisms by which the hippocampus can convey neuronal content to the neocortex during SPW-Rs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Nitzan
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sam McKenzie
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Prateep Beed
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Fine English
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, College of Science, Virginia Tech, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Silvia Oldani
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - John J Tukker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schechter M, Grigoletto J, Abd-Elhadi S, Glickstein H, Friedman A, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Sharon R. A role for α-Synuclein in axon growth and its implications in corticostriatal glutamatergic plasticity in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:24. [PMID: 32228705 PMCID: PMC7104492 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Syn has been shown to associate with membranes and bind acidic phospholipids. However, the physiological importance of these associations to the integrity of axons is not fully clear. METHODS Biochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses in cultured neurons, transgenic mouse brains, PD and control human brains. RESULTS We analyzed the ultrastructure of cross-sectioned axons localized to white matter tracts (WMTs), within the dorsal striatum of old and symptomatic α-Syn transgenic mouse brains. The analysis indicated a higher density of axons of thinner diameter. Our findings in cultured cortical neurons indicate a role for α-Syn in elongation of the main axon and its collaterals, resulting in enhanced axonal arborization. We show that α-Syn effect to enhance axonal outgrowth is mediated through its activity to regulate membrane levels of the acidic phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2). Moreover, our findings link α-Syn- enhanced axonal growth with evidence for axonal injury. In relevance to disease mechanisms, we detect in human brains evidence for a higher degree of corticostriatal glutamatergic plasticity within WMTs at early stages of PD. However, at later PD stages, the respective WMTs in the caudate are degenerated with accumulation of Lewy pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that through regulating PI4,5P2 levels, α-Syn acts to elongate the main axon and collaterals, resulting in a higher density of axons in the striatal WMTs. Based on these results we suggest a role for α-Syn in compensating mechanisms, involving corticostriatal glutamatergic plasticity, taking place early in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meir Schechter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jessica Grigoletto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suaad Abd-Elhadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hava Glickstein
- Electron Microscopy Unit, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Friedman
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | | | - Ronit Sharon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bimpisidis Z, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Neurocircuitry of Reward and Addiction: Potential Impact of Dopamine-Glutamate Co-release as Future Target in Substance Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1887. [PMID: 31698743 PMCID: PMC6912639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-glutamate co-release is a unique property of midbrain neurons primarily located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Dopamine neurons of the VTA are important for behavioral regulation in response to rewarding substances, including natural rewards and addictive drugs. The impact of glutamate co-release on behaviors regulated by VTA dopamine neurons has been challenging to probe due to lack of selective methodology. However, several studies implementing conditional knockout and optogenetics technologies in transgenic mice have during the past decade pointed towards a role for glutamate co-release in multiple physiological and behavioral processes of importance to substance use and abuse. In this review, we discuss these studies to highlight findings that may be critical when considering mechanisms of importance for prevention and treatment of substance abuse.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang XM, François U, Silm K, Angelo MF, Fernandez-Busch MV, Maged M, Martin C, Bernard V, Cordelières FP, Deshors M, Pons S, Maskos U, Bemelmans AP, Wojcik SM, El Mestikawy S, Humeau Y, Herzog E. A proline-rich motif on VGLUT1 reduces synaptic vesicle super-pool and spontaneous release frequency. eLife 2019; 8:50401. [PMID: 31663854 PMCID: PMC6861006 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate secretion at excitatory synapses is tightly regulated to allow for the precise tuning of synaptic strength. Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (VGLUT) accumulate glutamate into synaptic vesicles (SV) and thereby regulate quantal size. Further, the number of release sites and the release probability of SVs maybe regulated by the organization of active-zone proteins and SV clusters. In the present work, we uncover a mechanism mediating an increased SV clustering through the interaction of VGLUT1 second proline-rich domain, endophilinA1 and intersectin1. This strengthening of SV clusters results in a combined reduction of axonal SV super-pool size and miniature excitatory events frequency. Our findings support a model in which clustered vesicles are held together through multiple weak interactions between Src homology three and proline-rich domains of synaptic proteins. In mammals, VGLUT1 gained a proline-rich sequence that recruits endophilinA1 and turns the transporter into a regulator of SV organization and spontaneous release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Min Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Urielle François
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kätlin Silm
- Neuroscience Paris Seine NPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie INSERM U1130 CNRS UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - Maria Florencia Angelo
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez-Busch
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mona Maged
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Martin
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Neuroscience Paris Seine NPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie INSERM U1130 CNRS UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMS 3420, INSERM US4, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Deshors
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, Unité NISC, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, Unité NISC, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de laRecherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), MolecularImaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sonja M Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine NPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie INSERM U1130 CNRS UMR8246, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yann Humeau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baizer JS, Webster CJ, Baker JF. The Claustrum in the Squirrel Monkey. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1439-1454. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan S. Baizer
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Buffalo New York
| | - Charles J. Webster
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Buffalo New York
| | - James F. Baker
- Department of PhysiologyNorthwestern University Medical School Chicago Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grycz K, Głowacka A, Ji B, Czarkowska-Bauch J, Gajewska-Woźniak O, Skup M. Early pre- and postsynaptic decrease in glutamatergic and cholinergic signaling after spinalization is not modified when stimulating proprioceptive input to the ankle extensor α-motoneurons: Anatomical and neurochemical study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222849. [PMID: 31557259 PMCID: PMC6763201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-motoneurons (MNs) innervating ankle extensor muscles show reduced peripheral inputs from Ia proprioceptive afferents and cholinergic afferents after chronic spinalization (SCT). That phenomenon is not observed on ankle flexor MNs, indicating a smaller vulnerability of the latter MNs circuit to SCT. Locomotor training of spinal rats which partially restored those inputs to extensor MNs tended to hyper innervate flexor MNs, disclosing a need for selective approaches. In rats with intact spinal cord 7-days of low-threshold proprioceptive stimulation of the tibial nerve enriched glutamatergic Ia and cholinergic innervation of lateral gastrocnemius (LG) MNs, suggesting usefulness of selective stimulation for restoration of inputs to extensor MNs after SCT. Accordingly, to examine its effectiveness after SCT, tibial nerves and soleus muscles were implanted bilaterally, and for MN identification fluorescence tracers to LG and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were injected two weeks prior to spinalization. Stimulation of tibial nerve, controlled by H-reflex recorded in the soleus muscle, started on the third post-SCT day and continued for 7 days. Nine days post-SCT the number and volume of glutamatergic Ia and of cholinergic C-boutons on LG MNs was decreased, but stimulation affected neither of them. Postsynaptically, a threefold decrease of NMDAR NR1 subunit and thirtyfold decrease of M2 muscarinic receptor transcripts caused by SCT were not counteracted by stimulation, whereas a threefold decrease of AMPAR GluR2 subunit tended to deepen after stimulation. We conclude that LG MNs, supported with proprioceptive stimuli after SCT, do not transcribe the perceived cues into compensatory response at the transcriptional level in the early post-SCT period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Grycz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Głowacka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benjun Ji
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Skup
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (OG-W); (MS)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oyrer J, Bleakley LE, Richards KL, Maljevic S, Phillips AM, Petrou S, Nowell CJ, Reid CA. Using a Multiplex Nucleic Acid in situ Hybridization Technique to Determine HCN4 mRNA Expression in the Adult Rodent Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:211. [PMID: 31555092 PMCID: PMC6724756 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels carry a non-selective cationic conductance, Ih, which is important for modulating neuron excitability. Four genes (HCN1-4) encode HCN channels, with each gene having distinct expression and biophysical profiles. Here we use multiplex nucleic acid in situ hybridization to determine HCN4 mRNA expression within the adult mouse brain. We take advantage of this approach to detect HCN4 mRNA simultaneously with either HCN1 or HCN2 mRNA and markers of excitatory (VGlut-positive) and inhibitory (VGat-positive) neurons, which was not previously reported. We have developed a Fiji-based analysis code that enables quantification of mRNA expression within identified cell bodies. The highest HCN4 mRNA expression was found in the habenula (medial and lateral) and the thalamus. HCN4 mRNA was particularly high in the medial habenula with essentially no co-expression of HCN1 or HCN2 mRNA. An absence of Ih-mediated “sag” in neurons recorded from the medial habenula of knockout mice confirmed that HCN4 channels are the predominant subtype in this region. Analysis in the thalamus revealed HCN4 mRNA in VGlut2-positive excitatory neurons that was always co-expressed with HCN2 mRNA. In contrast, HCN4 mRNA was undetectable in the nucleus reticularis. HCN4 mRNA expression was high in a subset of VGat-positive cells in the globus pallidus external. The majority of these neurons co-expressed HCN2 mRNA while a smaller subset also co-expressed HCN1 mRNA. In the striatum, a small subset of large cells which are likely to be giant cholinergic interneurons co-expressed high levels of HCN4 and HCN2 mRNA. The amygdala, cortex and hippocampus expressed low levels of HCN4 mRNA. This study highlights the heterogeneity of HCN4 mRNA expression in the brain and provides a morphological framework on which to better investigate the functional roles of HCN4 channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oyrer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren E Bleakley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kay L Richards
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Snezana Maljevic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Marie Phillips
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gagliuso AH, Chapman EK, Martinelli GP, Holstein GR. Vestibular neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus in the rat. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:512-524. [PMID: 31166818 PMCID: PMC6734410 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00082.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterograde and retrograde tract tracing were combined with neurotransmitter and modulator immunolabeling to identify the chemical anatomy of vestibular nuclear neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus in rats. Direct, sparsely branched but highly varicose axonal projections from neurons in the caudal vestibular nuclei to the solitary nucleus were observed. The vestibular neurons giving rise to these projections were predominantly located in ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus. The cell bodies were intensely glutamate immunofluorescent, and their axonal processes contained vesicular glutamate transporter 2, supporting the interpretation that the cells utilize glutamate for neurotransmission. The glutamate-immunofluorescent, retrogradely filled vestibular cells also contained the neuromodulator imidazoleacetic acid ribotide, which is an endogenous CNS ligand that participates in blood pressure regulation. The vestibulo-solitary neurons were encapsulated by axo-somatic GABAergic terminals, suggesting that they are under tight inhibitory control. The results establish a chemoanatomical basis for transient vestibular activation of the output pathways from the caudal and intermediate regions of the solitary nucleus. In this way, changes in static head position and movement of the head in space may directly influence heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, as well as gastrointestinal motility. This would provide one anatomical explanation for the synchronous heart rate and blood pressure responses observed after peripheral vestibular activation, as well as disorders ranging from neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and vasovagal syncope to the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vestibular neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus utilize glutamate for neurotransmission, modulated by imidazoleacetic acid ribotide. This is the first direct demonstration of the chemical neuroanatomy of the vestibulo-solitary pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia H Gagliuso
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily K Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Giorgio P Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gay R Holstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou J, Liao Z, Jia J, Chen JL, Xiao Q. The effects of resveratrol feeding and exercise training on the skeletal muscle function and transcriptome of aged rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7199. [PMID: 31304063 PMCID: PMC6610545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of resveratrol feeding and exercise training on the skeletal muscle function and transcriptome of aged rats. Male SD rats (25 months old) were divided into the control group (Old), the daily exercise training group (Trained), and the resveratrol feeding group (Resveratrol). After 6 weeks of intervention, the body mass, grip strength, and gastrocnemius muscle mass were determined, and the muscle samples were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed followed by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG analysis. The Old group showed positive increases in body mass, while both the Trained and Resveratrol groups showed negative growth. No significant differences in the gastrocnemius muscle index and absolute grip strength were found among the three groups. However, the relative grip strength was higher in the Trained group than in the Old group. Only 21 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Trained group vs. the Old group, and 12 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Resveratrol group vs. the Old group. The most enriched GO terms in the Trained group vs. the Old group were mainly associated with RNA metabolic processes and transmembrane transporters, and the significantly upregulated KEGG pathways included mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The most enriched GO terms in the Resveratrol group vs. the Old group were primarily associated with neurotransmitter transport and synaptic vesicle, and the upregulated KEGG pathways included synaptic vesicle cycle, nicotine addiction, retinol metabolism, insulin secretion, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and glutamatergic synapse. Neither exercise training nor resveratrol feeding has a notable effect on skeletal muscle function and related gene expression in aged rats. However, both exercise training and resveratrol feeding have strong effects on weight loss, which is beneficial for reducing the exercise loads of the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Amino acid transporters in the regulation of insulin secretion and signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:571-590. [PMID: 30936244 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are increasingly recognised as modulators of nutrient disposal, including their role in regulating blood glucose through interactions with insulin signalling. More recently, cellular membrane transporters of amino acids have been shown to form a pivotal part of this regulation as they are primarily responsible for controlling cellular and circulating amino acid concentrations. The availability of amino acids regulated by transporters can amplify insulin secretion and modulate insulin signalling in various tissues. In addition, insulin itself can regulate the expression of numerous amino acid transporters. This review focuses on amino acid transporters linked to the regulation of insulin secretion and signalling with a focus on those of the small intestine, pancreatic β-islet cells and insulin-responsive tissues, liver and skeletal muscle. We summarise the role of the amino acid transporter B0AT1 (SLC6A19) and peptide transporter PEPT1 (SLC15A1) in the modulation of global insulin signalling via the liver-secreted hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). The role of vesicular vGLUT (SLC17) and mitochondrial SLC25 transporters in providing glutamate for the potentiation of insulin secretion is covered. We also survey the roles SNAT (SLC38) family and LAT1 (SLC7A5) amino acid transporters play in the regulation of and by insulin in numerous affective tissues. We hypothesise the small intestine amino acid transporter B0AT1 represents a crucial nexus between insulin, FGF21 and incretin hormone signalling pathways. The aim is to give an integrated overview of the important role amino acid transporters have been found to play in insulin-regulated nutrient signalling.
Collapse
|
40
|
Garcia-Marin V, Kelly JG, Hawken MJ. Major Feedforward Thalamic Input Into Layer 4C of Primary Visual Cortex in Primate. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:134-149. [PMID: 29190326 PMCID: PMC6490972 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the underlying principles of how mammalian circuits are constructed is the relative influence of feedforward to recurrent synaptic drive. It has been dogma in sensory systems that the thalamic feedforward input is relatively weak and that there is a large amplification of the input signal by recurrent feedback. Here we show that in trichromatic primates there is a major feedforward input to layer 4C of primary visual cortex. Using a combination of 3D-electron-microscopy and 3D-confocal imaging of thalamic boutons we found that the average feedforward contribution was about 20% of the total excitatory input in the parvocellular (P) pathway, about 3 times the currently accepted values for primates. In the magnocellular (M) pathway it was around 15%, nearly twice the currently accepted values. New methods showed the total synaptic and cell densities were as much as 150% of currently accepted values. The new estimates of contributions of feedforward synaptic inputs into visual cortex call for a major revision of the design of the canonical cortical circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna G Kelly
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Hawken
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
TAKAHASHI H, YOKOI N, SEINO S. Glutamate as intracellular and extracellular signals in pancreatic islet functions. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:246-260. [PMID: 31189778 PMCID: PMC6751295 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
l-Glutamate is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body and is a constituent of proteins and a substrate in metabolism. It is well known that glutamate serves as a primary excitatory neurotransmitter and a critical neuromodulator in the brain. Recent studies have shown that in addition to its pivotal role in neural functions, glutamate plays many important roles in a variety of cellular functions, including those as intracellular and extracellular signals. In pancreatic islets, glutamate is now known to be required for the normal regulation of insulin secretion, such as incretin-induced insulin secretion. In this review, we primarily discuss the physiological and pathophysiological roles of glutamate as intracellular and extracellular signals in the functions of pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harumi TAKAHASHI
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norihide YOKOI
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Susumu SEINO
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Trudeau LE, El Mestikawy S. Glutamate Cotransmission in Cholinergic, GABAergic and Monoamine Systems: Contrasts and Commonalities. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:113. [PMID: 30618649 PMCID: PMC6305298 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple discoveries made since the identification of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) two decades ago revealed that many neuronal populations in the brain use glutamate in addition to their "primary" neurotransmitter. Such a mode of cotransmission has been detected in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and surprisingly even in GABA neurons. Interestingly, work performed by multiple groups during the past decade suggests that the use of glutamate as a cotransmitter takes different forms in these different populations of neurons. In the present review, we will provide an overview of glutamate cotransmission in these different classes of neurons, highlighting puzzling differences in: (1) the proportion of such neurons expressing a VGLUT in different brain regions and at different stages of development; (2) the sub-cellular localization of the VGLUT; (3) the localization of the VGLUT in relation to the neurons' other vesicular transporter; and (4) the functional role of glutamate cotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Eric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UM 119-CNRS UMR 8246-INSERM U1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Development of lentiviral vectors for efficient glutamatergic-selective gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15156. [PMID: 30310105 PMCID: PMC6181963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting gene expression to a particular subset of neurons helps study the cellular function of the nervous system. Although neuron-specific promoters, such as the synapsin I promoter and the α-CaMKII promoter, are known to exhibit selectivity for excitatory glutamatergic neurons in vivo, the cell type-specificity of these promoters has not been thoroughly tested in culture preparations. Here, by using hippocampal culture preparation from the VGAT-Venus transgenic mice, we examined the ability of five putative promoter sequences of glutamatergic-selective markers including synapsin I, α-CaMKII, the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), Dock10 and Prox1. Among these, a genomic fragment containing a 2.1 kb segment upstream of the translation start site (TSS) of the VGLUT1 implemented in a lentiviral vector with the Tet-Off inducible system achieved the highest preferential gene expression in glutamatergic neurons. Analysis of various lengths of the VGLUT1 promoter regions identified a segment between −2.1 kb and −1.4 kb from the TSS as a responsible element for the glutamatergic selectivity. Consistently, expression of channelrhodopsin under this promoter sequence allowed for selective light-evoked activation of excitatory neurons. Thus, the lentiviral system carrying the VGLUT1 promoter fragment can be used to effectively target exogenous gene expression to excitatory glutamatergic neurons in cultures.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang FX, Ge SN, Dong YL, Shi J, Feng YP, Li Y, Li YQ, Li JL. Vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms: The essential players in the somatosensory systems. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:72-89. [PMID: 30273635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In nervous system, glutamate transmission is crucial for centripetal conveyance and cortical perception of sensory signals of different modalities, which necessitates vesicular glutamate transporters 1-3 (VGLUT 1-3), the three homologous membrane-bound protein isoforms, to load glutamate into the presysnaptic vesicles. These VGLUTs, especially VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, selectively label and define functionally distinct neuronal subpopulations at each relay level of the neural hierarchies comprising spinal and trigeminal sensory systems. In this review, by scrutinizing each structure of the organism's fundamental hierarchies including dorsal root/trigeminal ganglia, spinal dorsal horn/trigeminal sensory nuclear complex, somatosensory thalamic nuclei and primary somatosensory cortex, we summarize and characterize in detail within each relay the neuronal clusters expressing distinct VGLUT protein/transcript isoforms, with respect to their regional distribution features (complementary distribution in some structures), axonal terminations/peripheral innervations and physiological functions. Equally important, the distribution pattern and characteristics of VGLUT1/VGLUT2 axon terminals within these structures are also epitomized. Finally, the correlation of a particular VGLUT isoform and its physiological role, disclosed thus far largely via studying the peripheral receptors, is generalized by referring to reports on global and conditioned VGLUT-knockout mice. Also, researches on VGLUTs relating to future direction are tentatively proposed, such as unveiling the elusive differences between distinct VGLUTs in mechanism and/or pharmacokinetics at ionic/molecular level, and developing VGLUT-based pain killers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Shun-Nan Ge
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu-Peng Feng
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jin-Lian Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen BH, Park JH, Lee YL, Kang IJ, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Lee CH, Yan BC, Kim YM, Lee TK, Lee JC, Won MH, Ahn JH. Melatonin improves vascular cognitive impairment induced by ischemic stroke by remyelination via activation of ERK1/2 signaling and restoration of glutamatergic synapses in the gerbil hippocampus. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:687-697. [PMID: 30245469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia affects cognition by damaging axons and myelin. Melatonin is pharmacologically associated with various neurological disorders. In this study, effects of melatonin on cognitive impairment and related mechanisms were investigated in an animal model of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). Melatonin was intraperitoneally administered to adult gerbils after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) for 25 days beginning 5 days after tGCI. Cognitive impairment was examined using a passive avoidance test and the Barnes maze test. To investigate mechanisms of restorative effects by melatonin, neuronal damage/death, myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin), Rip (a marker for oligodendrocyte), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-1 (a glutamatergic synaptic marker) in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 area (CA1) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Melatonin treatment significantly improved tGCI-induced cognitive impairment. Death of CA1 pyramidal neurons after tGCI was not affected by melatonin treatment. However, melatonin treatment significantly increased MBP immunoreactivity and numbers of Rip-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the ischemic CA1. In addition, melatonin treatment significantly increased ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 immunoreactivities in oligodendrocytes in the ischemic CA1. Furthermore, melatonin treatment significantly increased VGLUT-1 immunoreactive structures in the ischemic CA1. These results indicate that long-term melatonin treatment after tGCI improves cognitive deficit via restoration of myelin, increase of oligodendrocytes which is closely related to the activation of ERK1/2 signaling, and increase of glutamatergic synapses in the ischemic brain area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bragina L, Conti F. Expression of Neurofilament Subunits at Neocortical Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synapses. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:74. [PMID: 30254572 PMCID: PMC6141662 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are neuron-specific heteropolymers that have long been considered as structural proteins. However, it has recently been documented that they may play a functional role at synapses. Indeed, the four NF subunits—NFL, NFM, NFH and α-internexin—are integral components of synapses in the striatum and hippocampus, since their elimination disrupts synaptic plasticity and impairs social memory, an observation that might have important implications for some neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we studied NFs localization in VGLUT1-, VGLUT2-, VGAT-, PSD-95- and gephyrin-positive (+) puncta, and in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in the cerebral cortex of adult rats. Synapses were identified by pre- and postsynaptic markers: glutamatergic synapses by VGLUT1+ or VGLUT2+ puncta contacting PSD-95+ puncta; and GABAergic synapses by VGAT+ puncta contacting gephyrin+ puncta. In VGLUT1 glutamatergic synapses NF showed a greater expression in the compartment labeled by postsynaptic markers (20%–30%) than in those labeled by presynaptic markers (10%–20%), whereas in GABAergic synapses a similar expression was detected in both compartments (20%–30%). Moreover, NF expression was higher in the GABAergic (20%–30%) than in the glutamatergic (10%–15%) compartments labeled by presynaptic markers. Finally, a higher colocalization of VGLUT1+, VGLUT2+ and VGAT+ puncta with NFs was seen when presynaptic puncta contacted elements labeled by postsynaptic markers. These findings show that the four NF subunits are expressed at some neocortical synapses, and contribute to glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bragina
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Papathanou M, Creed M, Dorst MC, Bimpisidis Z, Dumas S, Pettersson H, Bellone C, Silberberg G, Lüscher C, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Targeting VGLUT2 in Mature Dopamine Neurons Decreases Mesoaccumbal Glutamatergic Transmission and Identifies a Role for Glutamate Co-release in Synaptic Plasticity by Increasing Baseline AMPA/NMDA Ratio. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:64. [PMID: 30210305 PMCID: PMC6123381 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Vglut2/Slc17a6 gene encoding the Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons enables these neurons to co-release glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a feature of putative importance to drug addiction. For example, it has been shown that conditional deletion of Vglut2 gene expression within developing DA neurons in mice causes altered locomotor sensitization to addictive drugs, such as amphetamine and cocaine, in adulthood. Alterations in DA neurotransmission in the mesoaccumbal pathway has been proposed to contribute to these behavioral alterations but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. Repeated exposure to cocaine is known to cause lasting adaptations of excitatory synaptic transmission onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc, but the putative contribution of VGLUT2-mediated glutamate co-release from the mesoaccumbal projection has never been investigated. In this study, we implemented a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-LoxP strategy to selectively probe VGLUT2 in mature DA neurons of adult mice. Optogenetics-coupled patch clamp analysis in the NAc demonstrated a significant reduction of glutamatergic neurotransmission, whilst behavioral analysis revealed a normal locomotor sensitization to amphetamine and cocaine. When investigating if the reduced level of glutamate co-release from DA neurons caused a detectable post-synaptic effect on MSNs, patch clamp analysis identified an enhanced baseline AMPA/NMDA ratio in DA receptor subtype 1 (DRD1)-expressing accumbal MSNs which occluded the effect of cocaine on synaptic transmission. We conclude that VGLUT2 in mature DA neurons actively contributes to glutamatergic neurotransmission in the NAc, a finding which for the first time highlights VGLUT2-mediated glutamate co-release in the complex mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papathanou
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Meaghan Creed
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthijs C Dorst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Zisis Bimpisidis
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Pettersson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Bellone
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Lüscher
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim YS, Kim SK, Lee JS, Ko SJ, Bae YC. Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters in transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-positive neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion. Brain Res 2018; 1690:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
49
|
Zhang ZL, Yu G, Liang XN, Su RB, Gong ZH. Selective downregulation of vesicular glutamate transporter2 in ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus attenuates neuropathic mechanical allodynia in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 828:103-109. [PMID: 29605418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) transport glutamate into synaptic vesicles prior to exocytotic release. The expression pattern of VGLUT2 and studies of genetically modified mice have revealed that VGLUT2 contributes to neuropathic pain. We previously showed that VGLUT2 is upregulated in supraspinal regions including the thalamus in mice following spared nerve injury (SNI), and blocking VGLUTs using the VGLUT inhibitor CSB6B attenuated mechanical allodynia. To further evaluate the role of VGLUT2 in neuropathic pain, in this study, we developed a lentiviral vector expressing small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against mouse VGLUT2, which was injected into the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus in the presence or absence of SNI. The administration of VGLUT2 shRNAs result in downregulation of VGLUT2 mRNA and protein expression, and decreased extracellular glutamate release in primary cultured neurons. We also showed that VGLUT2 shRNAs attenuated SNI-induced mechanical allodynia, in accordance with knockdown of VGLUT2 in the VPL nucleus in mice. Accordingly, our study supports the essential role of supraspinal VGLUT2 in neuropathic pain in adult mice and, thereby, validates VGLUT2 as a potential target for neuropathic pain therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiao-Nan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui-Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ze-Hui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khan S, Yuldasheva NY, Batten TFC, Pickles AR, Kellett KAB, Saha S. Tau pathology and neurochemical changes associated with memory dysfunction in an optimised murine model of global cerebral ischaemia - A potential model for vascular dementia? Neurochem Int 2018; 118:134-144. [PMID: 29649504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is known to be a major cause of death and the later development of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. However, ischemia induced cellular damage that initiates these diseases remain poorly understood. This is primarily due to lack of clinically relevant models that are highly reproducible. Here, we have optimised a murine model of global cerebral ischaemia with multiple markers to determine brain pathology, neurochemistry and correlated memory deficits in these animals. Cerebral ischaemia in mice was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Following reperfusion, the mice were either fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde or decapitated under anaesthesia. Brains were processed for Western blotting or immunohistochemistry for glial (GLT1) and vesicular (VGLUT1, VGLUT2) glutamate transporters and paired helical filament (PHF1) tau. The PHF1 tau is the main component of neurofibrillary tangle, which is the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The novel object recognition behavioural assay was used to investigate the functional cognitive consequences in these mice. The results show consistent and selective neuronal and glial cell changes in the hippocampus and the cortex together with significant reductions in GLT1 (***P < 0.001), VGLUT1 (**P < 0.01) and VGLUT2 (***P < 0.001) expressions in the hippocampus in occluded mice as compared to sham-operated animals. These changes are associated with increased PHF1 (***P < 0.0001) protein and a significant impairment of performance (*p < 0.0006, N = 6/group) in the novel object recognition test. This model represents a useful tool for investigating cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of global cerebral ischaemia and may be an ideal preclinical model for vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Khan
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Trevor F C Batten
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, Horsforth, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | | | - Katherine A B Kellett
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sikha Saha
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|