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Su C, Miao J, Guo J. The relationship between TGF-β1 and cognitive function in the brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110820. [PMID: 37979810 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a pivotal role in synaptic formation, plasticity, and neurovascular unit regulation. This review highlights TGF-β1's potential impact on cognitive function, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. However, despite the growing body of evidence, a comprehensive understanding of TGF-β1's precise role remains elusive. Further research is essential to unravel the complex mechanisms through which TGF-β1 influences cognitive function and to explore therapeutic avenues for targeting TGF-β1 in neurodegenerative conditions. This investigation sheds light on TGF-β1's contribution to cognitive function and offers prospects for innovative treatments and interventions. This review delves into the intricate relationship between TGF-β1 and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China
| | - Jie Miao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China.
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2
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Ma P, Zhang G, Chen S, Miao C, Cao Y, Wang M, Liu W, Shen J, Tang PMK, Men Y, Ye L, Li C. Promotion effect of TGF-β-Zfp423-ApoD pathway on lip sensory recovery after nerve sacrifice caused by nerve collateral compensation. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 37286538 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resection of oral and maxillofacial tumors is often accompanied by the inferior alveolar nerve neurectomy, resulting in abnormal sensation in lower lip. It is generally believed that spontaneous sensory recovery in this nerve injury is difficult. However, during our follow-up, patients with inferior alveolar nerve sacrifice showed different degrees of lower lip sensory recovery. In this study, a prospective cohort study was conducted to demonstrate this phenomenon and analyze the factors influencing sensory recovery. A mental nerve transection model of Thy1-YFP mice and tissue clearing technique were used to explore possible mechanisms in this process. Gene silencing and overexpression experiments were then conducted to detect the changes in cell morphology and molecular markers. In our follow-up, 75% of patients with unilateral inferior alveolar nerve neurectomy had complete sensory recovery of the lower lip 12 months postoperatively. Patients with younger age, malignant tumors, and preservation of ipsilateral buccal and lingual nerves had a shorter recovery time. The buccal nerve collateral sprouting compensation was observed in the lower lip tissue of Thy1-YFP mice. ApoD was demonstrated to be involved in axon growth and peripheral nerve sensory recovery in the animal model. TGF-β inhibited the expression of STAT3 and the transcription of ApoD in Schwann cells through Zfp423. Overall, after sacrificing the inferior alveolar nerve, the collateral compensation of the ipsilateral buccal nerve could innervate the sensation. And this process was regulated by TGF-β-Zfp423-ApoD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Record, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine & Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Shirogane Y, Harada H, Hirai Y, Takemoto R, Suzuki T, Hashiguchi T, Yanagi Y. Collective fusion activity determines neurotropism of an en bloc transmitted enveloped virus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3731. [PMID: 36706187 PMCID: PMC9882980 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV), which is usually non-neurotropic, sometimes persists in the brain and causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) several years after acute infection, serving as a model for persistent viral infections. The persisting MeVs have hyperfusogenic mutant fusion (F) proteins that likely enable cell-cell fusion at synapses and "en bloc transmission" between neurons. We here show that during persistence, F protein fusogenicity is generally enhanced by cumulative mutations, yet mutations paradoxically reducing the fusogenicity may be selected alongside the wild-type (non-neurotropic) MeV genome. A mutant F protein having SSPE-derived substitutions exhibits lower fusogenicity than the hyperfusogenic F protein containing some of those substitutions, but by the wild-type F protein coexpression, the fusogenicity of the former F protein is enhanced, while that of the latter is nearly abolished. These findings advance the understanding of the long-term process of MeV neuropathogenicity and provide critical insight into the genotype-phenotype relationships of en bloc transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shirogane
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Harada
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirai
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takemoto
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tateki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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4
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Liu JW, Li H, Zhang Y. Npas3 regulates stemness maintenance of radial glial cells and neuronal migration in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865681. [PMID: 36313621 PMCID: PMC9608153 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal PAS domain 3 (NPAS3) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS family of transcription factors and is implicated in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. NPAS3 is robustly expressed in the cortical ventricle zone (VZ), a transient proliferative zone containing progenitor cells, mainly radial glial cells, destined to give rise to cortical excitatory neurons. However, the role of NPAS3 in corticogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we knocked down Npas3 expression in the neural progenitor cells residing in the cortical VZ to investigate the role of Npas3 in cerebral cortical development in mice. We demonstrated that Npas3 knockdown profoundly impaired neuronal radial migration and changed the laminar cell fate of the cells detained in the deep cortical layers. Furthermore, the downregulation of Npas3 led to the stemness maintenance of radial glial cells and increased the proliferation rate of neural progenitor cells residing in the VZ/subventricular zone (SVZ). These findings underline the function of Npas3 in the development of the cerebral cortex and may shed light on the etiology of NPAS3-related disorders.
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Dalvand A, da Silva Rosa SC, Ghavami S, Marzban H. Potential role of TGFΒ and autophagy in early crebellum development. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101358. [PMID: 36213145 PMCID: PMC9535406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, the interconnected generation of various neural cell types within the cerebellar primordium is essential. Over embryonic (E) days E9-E13, Purkinje cells (PCs), and cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons are among the created primordial neurons. The molecular and cellular mechanisms fundamental for the early cerebellar neurogenesis, migration/differentiation, and connectivity are not clear yet. Autophagy has a vital role in controlling cellular phenotypes, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is the main player in pre-and postnatal development and controlling cellular morphological type via various mechanisms, such as autophagy. Thus, we hypothesized that TGF-β1 may regulate early cerebellar development by modifying the levels of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and consequently autophagy pathway in the mouse cerebellar primordium. We demonstrated the stimulation of the canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway at the point that concurs with the generation of the nuclear transitory zone and PC plate in mice. Furthermore, our data show that the stimulated TGF-β1 signaling pathway progressively and chronologically could upregulate the expression of β-catenin (CTNNB1) and N-cadherin (CDH2) with the most expression at E11 and E12, leading to upregulation of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CDH8) and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) expression, at E12 and E13. Finally, we demonstrated that the stimulated TGF-β signaling pathway may impede the autophagic flux at E11/E12. Nevertheless, basal autophagy flux happens at earlier developmental phases from E9-E10. Our study determined potential role of the TGF-β signaling and its regulatory impacts on autophagic flux during cerebellar development and cadherin expression, which can facilitate the proliferation, migration/differentiation, and placement of PCs and the CN neurons in their designated areas.
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Astanina E, Doronzo G, Corà D, Neri F, Oliviero S, Genova T, Mussano F, Middonti E, Vallariello E, Cencioni C, Valdembri D, Serini G, Limana F, Foglio E, Ballabio A, Bussolino F. The TFEB-TGIF1 axis regulates EMT in mouse epicardial cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5191. [PMID: 36057632 PMCID: PMC9440911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex and pivotal process involved in organogenesis and is related to several pathological processes, including cancer and fibrosis. During heart development, EMT mediates the conversion of epicardial cells into vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac interstitial fibroblasts. Here, we show that the oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a key regulator of EMT in epicardial cells and that its genetic overexpression in mouse epicardium is lethal due to heart defects linked to impaired EMT. TFEB specifically orchestrates the EMT-promoting function of transforming growth factor (TGF) β, and this effect results from activated transcription of thymine-guanine-interacting factor (TGIF)1, a TGFβ/Smad pathway repressor. The Tgif1 promoter is activated by TFEB, and in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate its increased expression when Tfeb is overexpressed. Furthermore, Tfeb overexpression in vitro prevents TGFβ-induced EMT, and this effect is abolished by Tgif1 silencing. Tfeb loss of function, similar to that of Tgif1, sensitizes cells to TGFβ, inducing an EMT response to low doses of TGFβ. Together, our findings reveal an unexpected function of TFEB in regulating EMT, which might provide insights into injured heart repair and control of cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in organogenesis. Here, the authors show that the transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates EMT in epicardium during heart development by tuning sensitivity to TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Middonti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vallariello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (IASI-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
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7
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Qi B, Boscenco S, Ramamurthy J, Trakadis YJ. Transcriptomics and machine learning to advance schizophrenia genetics: A case-control study using post-mortem brain data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 214:106590. [PMID: 34954633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Alterations of the expression of a variety of genes have been reported in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Moreover, machine learning (ML) analysis of gene expression microarray data has shown promising preliminary results in the study of SCZ. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of ML in classifying SCZ cases and controls based on gene expression microarray data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. METHODS We apply a state-of-the-art ML algorithm (XGBoost) to train and evaluate a classification model using 201 SCZ cases and 278 controls. We utilized 10-fold cross-validation for model selection, and a held-out testing set to evaluate the model. The performance metric utilizes to evaluate classification performance was the area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC). RESULTS We report an average AUC on 10-fold cross-validation of 0.76 and an AUC of 0.76 on testing data, not used during training. Analysis of the rolling balanced classification accuracy from high to low prediction confidence levels showed that the most certain subset of predictions ranged between 80-90%. The ML model utilized 182 gene expression probes. Further improvement to classification performance was observed when applying an automated ML strategy on the 182 features, which achieved an AUC of 0.79 on the same testing data. We found literature evidence linking all of the top ten ML ranked genes to SCZ. Furthermore, we leveraged information from the full set of microarray gene expressions available via univariate differential gene expression analysis. We then prioritized differentially expressed gene sets using the piano gene set analysis package. We augmented the ranking of the prioritized gene sets with genes from the complex multivariate ML model using hypergeometric tests to identify more robust gene sets. We identified two significant Gene Ontology molecular function gene sets: "oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors" and "integrin binding." Lastly, we present candidate treatments for SCZ based on findings from our study CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we observed above-chance performance from ML classification of SCZ cases and controls based on brain gene expression microarray data, and found that ML analysis of gene expressions could further our understanding of the pathophysiology of SCZ and help identify novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Qi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Boscenco
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Yannis J Trakadis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ju Q, Jiang M, Huang W, Yang Q, Luo Z, Shi H. CtBP2 interacts with TGIF to promote the progression of esophageal squamous cell cancer through the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:29. [PMID: 34878149 PMCID: PMC8674710 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal-binding protein 2 (CtBP2), a transcriptional co-repressor, plays a main role in tumorigenesis and in the development of multiple tumors. Transforming growth interacting factor (TGIF) is involved in a number of cellular signal transduction pathways and is related to tumor occurrence and development. In the present study, the proteins interacting with CtBP2 were identified and the mechanisms underlying the biological activity of CtBP2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were investigated. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to search for known proteins interacting with CtBP2, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was performed to validate the interactions. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis were performed to examine the expression levels of CtBP2 and TGIF in ESCC. The correlation between CtBP2 and TGIF was analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) by Pearson's correlation analysis, and the co-localization of CtBP2 with TGIF in the ECA109 cells was identified using immunofluorescence staining. XAV939 treatment, CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the biological activity of CtBP2 in ECA109 cells. According to the results obtained from STRING and Co-IP analysis, an interaction between CtBP2 and TGIF was indicated, and these proteins were co-localized in the nucleus. CtBP2 and TGIF mRNA and protein expression levels were robustly and simultaneously increased in both ESCC tissues and cell lines. There was a direct correlation between CtBP2 and TGIF expression levels in ESCC tissues, and both were significantly associated with metastasis and survival. The TGIF and CtBP2 expression levels were significantly increased or decreased simultaneously, in ECA109 cells transfected with LV-CtBP2 or sh-CtBP2, and vice versa. According to the results of CCK-8 assay, EdU staining and Transwell assay, CtBP2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of ECA109 cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that CtBP2 interacts with TGIF and promotes the malignant progression of ESCC through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ju
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qingbo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Manabe S, Uchimura K, Ito Y, Ihara Y. Thrombospondin type 1 repeat-derived C-mannosylated peptide attenuates synaptogenesis of cortical neurons induced by primary astrocytes via TGF-β. Glycoconj J 2021; 39:701-710. [PMID: 34791612 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a rare type of protein glycosylation and is reportedly critical for the proper folding and secretion of parental proteins. Still, the effects of C-mannosylation on the biological functions of these modified proteins remain to be elucidated. The Trp-x-x-Trp (WxxW) sequences, whose first tryptophan (Trp) can be C-mannosylated, constitute the consensus motifs for this glycosylation modification and are commonly found in thrombospondin type 1 repeats that regulate molecular functions of thrombospondin 1 in binding and activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). TGF-β plays critical roles in the control of the central nervous system including synaptogenesis. Here, we investigated whether C-mannosylation of the synthetic Trp-Ser-Pro-Trp (WSPW) peptide may confer certain functions to this peptide in TGF-β-mediated synaptogenesis. By using primary cultured rat astrocytes and cortical neurons, we found that the C-mannosylated WSPW (C-Man-WSPW) peptide, but not non-mannosylated WSPW peptide, suppressed astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM)-stimulated synaptogenesis. C-Man-WSPW peptide inhibited both ACM- and recombinant mature TGF-β1-induced activations of Smad 2, an important mediator in TGF-β signaling. Interactions of recombinant mature TGF-β with the C-Man-WSPW peptide were similar to those with non-C-mannosylated WSPW peptide. Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of C-mannosylation of the WxxW motif in signaling and synaptogenesis mediated by TGF-β. Molecular details of how C-mannosylation affects the biological functions of WxxW motifs deserve future study for clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576, CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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10
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Namboori SC, Thomas P, Ames R, Hawkins S, Garrett LO, Willis CRG, Rosa A, Stanton LW, Bhinge A. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies master regulators of neurodegeneration in SOD1 ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3020-3035. [PMID: 34767750 PMCID: PMC8693652 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of motor neurons. We utilized single-cell transcriptomics to uncover dysfunctional pathways in degenerating motor neurons differentiated from SOD1 E100G ALS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and respective isogenic controls. Differential gene expression and network analysis identified activation of developmental pathways and core transcriptional factors driving the ALS motor neuron gene dysregulation. Specifically, we identified activation of SMAD2, a downstream mediator of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway as a key driver of SOD1 iPSC-derived motor neuron degeneration. Importantly, our analysis indicates that activation of TGFβ signaling may be a common mechanism shared between SOD1, FUS, C9ORF72, VCP, and sporadic ALS motor neurons. Our results demonstrate the utility of single-cell transcriptomics in mapping disease-relevant gene regulatory networks driving neurodegeneration in ALS motor neurons. We find that ALS-associated mutant SOD1 targets transcriptional networks that perturb motor neuron homeostasis. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SOD1 E100G ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons Mapping an ALS-relevant transcriptional network Upregulation of developmental programs in familial and sporadic ALS motor neurons Inhibition of TGFβ pathway improves SOD1 ALS iPSC-derived motor neuron survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema C Namboori
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ryan Ames
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sophie Hawkins
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Akshay Bhinge
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
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11
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Kameda T, Nakashima H, Takizawa T, Miura F, Ito T, Nakashima K, Imamura T. Neuronal activation modulates enhancer activity of genes for excitatory synaptogenesis through de novo DNA methylation. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:369-379. [PMID: 34615840 PMCID: PMC8668374 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mitotic neurons do exhibit DNA methylation changes, contrary to the longstanding belief that the epigenetic pattern in terminally differentiated cells is essentially unchanged. While
the mechanism and physiological significance of DNA demethylation in neurons have been extensively elucidated, the occurrence of de novo DNA methylation and its impacts have
been much less investigated. In the present study, we showed that neuronal activation induces de novo DNA methylation at enhancer regions, which can repress target genes in
primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The functional significance of this de novo DNA methylation was underpinned by the demonstration that inhibition of DNA
methyltransferase (DNMT) activity decreased neuronal activity-induced excitatory synaptogenesis. Overexpression of WW and C2 domain-containing 1 (Wwc1), a representative
target gene of de novo DNA methylation, could phenocopy this DNMT inhibition-induced decrease in synaptogenesis. We found that both DNMT1 and DNMT3a were required for
neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation of the Wwc1 enhancer. Taken together, we concluded that neuronal activity-induced de novo
DNA methylation that affects gene expression has an impact on neuronal physiology that is comparable to that of DNA demethylation. Since the different requirements of DNMTs for germ cell and
embryonic development are known, our findings also have considerable implications for future studies on epigenomics in the field of reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kameda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takumi Takizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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12
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Parmigiani E, Scalera M, Mori E, Tantillo E, Vannini E. Old Stars and New Players in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:709917. [PMID: 34690699 PMCID: PMC8527006 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.709917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the direct interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor growth and a promising therapeutic target. The TME, including the surrounding peritumoral regions, is dynamically modified during tumor progression and in response to therapies. However, the mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between malignant and non-malignant cells are still poorly understood, especially in the case of glioma, an aggressive form of brain tumor. The presence of unique brain-resident cell types, namely neurons and glial cells, and an exceptionally immunosuppressive microenvironment pose additional important challenges to the development of effective treatments targeting the TME. In this review, we provide an overview on the direct and indirect interplay between glioma and neuronal and glial cells, introducing new players and mechanisms that still deserve further investigation. We will focus on the effects of neural activity and glial response in controlling glioma cell behavior and discuss the potential of exploiting these cellular interactions to develop new therapeutic approaches with the aim to preserve proper brain functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Parmigiani
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Scalera
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tantillo
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vannini
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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13
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Tang M, Pei G, Su D, Wang C, Feng X, Srivastava M, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Chen J. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal cyclin C as synthetic survival target of BRCA2. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7476-7491. [PMID: 34197614 PMCID: PMC8287926 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi)-based therapies initially reduce tumor burden but eventually lead to acquired resistance in cancer patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. To understand the potential PARPi resistance mechanisms, we performed whole-genome CRISPR screens to discover genetic alterations that change the gene essentiality in cells with inducible depletion of BRCA2. We identified that several RNA Polymerase II transcription Mediator complex components, especially Cyclin C (CCNC) as synthetic survival targets upon BRCA2 loss. Total mRNA sequencing demonstrated that loss of CCNC could activate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway, however the inhibition of these pathways could not reverse cell survival in BRCA2 depleted CCNC-knockout cells, indicating that the activation of these pathways is not required for the resistance. Moreover, we showed that the improved survival is not due to restoration of homologous recombination repair although decreased DNA damage signaling was observed. Interestingly, loss of CCNC could restore replication fork stability in BRCA2 deficient cells, which may contribute to PARPi resistance. Taken together, our data reveal CCNC as a critical genetic determinant upon BRCA2 loss of function, which may help the development of novel therapeutic strategies that overcome PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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14
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CADM1 and CADM2 Trigger Neuropathogenic Measles Virus-Mediated Membrane Fusion by Acting in cis. J Virol 2021; 95:e0052821. [PMID: 33910952 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00528-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV), an enveloped RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, is still an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. MeV usually causes acute febrile illness with skin rash, but in rare cases persists in the brain, causing a progressive neurological disorder, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The disease is fatal, and no effective therapy is currently available. Although transsynaptic cell-to-cell transmission is thought to account for MeV propagation in the brain, neurons do not express the known receptors for MeV. Recent studies have shown that hyperfusogenic changes in the MeV fusion (F) protein play a key role in MeV propagation in the brain. However, how such mutant viruses spread in neurons remains unexplained. Here, we show that cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1; also known as IGSF4A, Necl-2, and SynCAM1) and CADM2 (also known as IGSF4D, Necl-3, SynCAM2) are host factors that enable MeV to cause membrane fusion in cells lacking the known receptors and to spread between neurons. During enveloped virus entry, a cellular receptor generally interacts in trans with the attachment protein on the envelope. However, CADM1 and CADM2 interact in cis with the MeV attachment protein on the same cell membrane, causing the fusion protein triggering and membrane fusion. Knockdown of CADM1 and CADM2 inhibits syncytium formation and virus transmission between neurons that are both mediated by hyperfusogenic F proteins. Thus, our results unravel the molecular mechanism (receptor-mimicking cis-acting fusion triggering) by which MeV spreads transsynaptically between neurons, thereby causing SSPE. IMPORTANCE Measles virus (MeV), an enveloped RNA virus, is the causative agent of measles, which is still an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Persistent MeV infection in the brain causes a fatal progressive neurological disorder, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), several years after acute infection. However, how MeV spreads in neurons, which are mainly affected in SSPE, remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and CADM2 are host factors enabling MeV spread between neurons. During enveloped virus entry, a cellular receptor generally interacts in trans with the attachment protein on the viral membrane (envelope). Remarkably, CADM1 and CADM2 interact in cis with the MeV attachment protein on the same membrane, triggering the fusion protein and causing membrane fusion, as viral receptors usually do in trans. Careful screening may lead to more examples of such "receptor-mimicking cis-acting fusion triggering" in other viruses.
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15
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Nakashima H, Tsujimura K, Irie K, Imamura T, Trujillo CA, Ishizu M, Uesaka M, Pan M, Noguchi H, Okada K, Aoyagi K, Andoh-Noda T, Okano H, Muotri AR, Nakashima K. MeCP2 controls neural stem cell fate specification through miR-199a-mediated inhibition of BMP-Smad signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109124. [PMID: 34010654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder, with impaired brain development caused by mutations in MECP2; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We know from previous work that MeCP2 facilitates the processing of a specific microRNA, miR-199a, by associating with the Drosha complex to regulate neuronal functions. Here, we show that the MeCP2/miR-199a axis regulates neural stem/precursor cell (NS/PC) differentiation. A shift occurs from neuronal to astrocytic differentiation of MeCP2- and miR-199a-deficient NS/PCs due to the upregulation of a miR-199a target, Smad1, a downstream transcription factor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Moreover, miR-199a expression and treatment with BMP inhibitors rectify the differentiation of RTT patient-derived NS/PCs and development of brain organoids, respectively, suggesting that facilitation of BMP signaling accounts for the impaired RTT brain development. Our study illuminates the molecular pathology of RTT and reveals the MeCP2/miR-199a/Smad1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Center for Medical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masataka Ishizu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uesaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miao Pan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kanako Okada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Aoyagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Andoh-Noda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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16
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Milanesi M, Passamonti MM, Cappelli K, Minuti A, Palombo V, Sgorlon S, Capomaccio S, D’Andrea M, Trevisi E, Stefanon B, Williams JL, Ajmone-Marsan P. Genetic Regulation of Biomarkers as Stress Proxies in Dairy Cows. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040534. [PMID: 33917627 PMCID: PMC8067459 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress in livestock reduces productivity and is a welfare concern. At a physiological level, stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory responses and increased levels of harmful reactive oxygen species. Biomarkers that are indicative of stress could facilitate the identification of more stress-resilient animals. We examined twenty-one metabolic, immune response, and liver function biomarkers that have been associated with stress in 416 Italian Simmental and 436 Italian Holstein cows which were genotyped for 150K SNPs. Single-SNP and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies were carried out to assess whether the variation in the levels in these biomarkers is under genetic control and to identify the genomic loci involved. Significant associations were found for the plasma levels of ceruloplasmin (Bos taurus chromosome 1-BTA1), paraoxonase (BTA4) and γ-glutamyl transferase (BTA17) in the individual breed analysis that coincided with the position of the genes coding for these proteins, suggesting that their expression is under cis-regulation. A meta-analysis of both breeds identified additional significant associations with paraoxonase on BTA 16 and 26. Finding genetic associations with variations in the levels of these biomarkers suggests that the selection for high or low levels of expression could be achieved rapidly. Whether the level of expression of the biomarkers correlates with the response to stressful situations has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milanesi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems—DIBAF, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Matilde Maria Passamonti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali. Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali. Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - John Lewis Williams
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center-PRONUTRIGEN, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Canonical TGF-β signaling regulates the relationship between prenatal maternal depression and amygdala development in early life. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:170. [PMID: 33723212 PMCID: PMC7961018 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling exerts neuroprotection and influences memory formation and synaptic plasticity. It has been considered as a new target for the prevention and treatment of depression. This study aimed to examine its modulatory role in linking prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and the amygdala volumes from birth to 6 years of age. We included mother-child dyads (birth: n = 161; 4.5 years: n = 131; 6 years: n = 162) and acquired structural brain images of children at these three time points. Perinatal maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire to mothers at 26 weeks of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Our findings showed that the genetic variants of TGF-β type I transmembrane receptor (TGF-βRI) modulated the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and the amygdala volume consistently from birth to 6 years of age despite a trend of significance at 4.5 years of age. Children with a lower gene expression score (GES) of TGF-βRI exhibited larger amygdala volumes in relation to greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms. Moreover, children with a lower GES of the TGF-β type II transmembrane receptor (TGF-βRII), Smad4, and Smad7 showed larger amygdala volumes at 6 years of age in relation to greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms. These findings support the involvement of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway in the brain development of children in the context of in utero maternal environment. Such involvement is age-dependent.
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18
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Mosleth EF, Vedeler CA, Liland KH, McLeod A, Bringeland GH, Kroondijk L, Berven FS, Lysenko A, Rawlings CJ, Eid KEH, Opsahl JA, Gjertsen BT, Myhr KM, Gavasso S. Cerebrospinal fluid proteome shows disrupted neuronal development in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4087. [PMID: 33602999 PMCID: PMC7892850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics has the potential to reveal mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, but analyses must account for disease heterogeneity. We previously reported explorative multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering of proteomics data of MS patients and controls, which resulted in two groups of individuals. Grouping reflected increased levels of intrathecal inflammatory response proteins and decreased levels of proteins involved in neural development in one group relative to the other group. MS patients and controls were present in both groups. Here we reanalysed these data and we also reanalysed data from an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), who have symptoms of MS without evidence of dissemination in space and/or time. Some, but not all, CIS patients had intrathecal inflammation. The analyses reported here identified a common protein signature of MS/CIS that was not linked to elevated intrathecal inflammation. The signature included low levels of complement proteins, semaphorin-7A, reelin, neural cell adhesion molecules, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, transforming growth factor beta 1, follistatin-related protein 1, malate dehydrogenase 1 cytoplasmic, plasma retinol-binding protein, biotinidase, and transferrin, all known to play roles in neural development. Low levels of these proteins suggest that MS/CIS patients suffer from abnormally low oxidative capacity that results in disrupted neural development from an early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F Mosleth
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway.
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Christian Alexander Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Hovde Liland
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Anette McLeod
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Gerd Haga Bringeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liesbeth Kroondijk
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Artem Lysenko
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Karim El-Hajj Eid
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Jill Anette Opsahl
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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19
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El-Malkey NF, Aref M, Emam H, Khalil SS. Impact of Melatonin on Full-Term Fetal Brain Development and Transforming Growth Factor-β Level in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2278-2291. [PMID: 33591564 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of stroke and cognitive impairment in the offspring. Melatonin is involved in the outcome of normal pregnancy. Its receptors are widespread in the embryo. This study aimed to investigate the fetal neuroprotective effect of melatonin in experimentally induced PE. After induction of pregnancy in 18 female rats, they were divided into three equal groups. PE was induced in groups II and III by injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate and drinking isotonic saline. Melatonin was supplied to group III orally (10 mg/kg body weight) throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy was terminated on day 20, and macroanatomical investigation of three fetuses from each pregnant rat and their placentae was performed. Placental and brain homogenates were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), placental growth factor (PLGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and brain transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Histopathological analysis of fetal brain sections was performed. Melatonin improved placental, fetal, and brain weight; significantly reduced fetal death rate; significantly increased PLGF, placental and brain superoxide dismutase, and brain TGF-β; and significantly decreased placental TNF-α and brain MDA. Brain micromorphological study found normal glial cells and neuropil in the melatonin-treated group and a loss of neuronal cell outlines with an accumulation of cellular debris in the untreated group. In conclusion, melatonin approximately showed a neuroprotective activity by managing PE-induced oxidative stress in the placenta and fetal cerebral cortex of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Aref
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqiya, Egypt
| | - Hassan Emam
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqiya, Egypt
| | - Sama Salah Khalil
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqiya, Egypt
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20
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Diniz WJS, Crouse MS, Cushman RA, McLean KJ, Caton JS, Dahlen CR, Reynolds LP, Ward AK. Cerebrum, liver, and muscle regulatory networks uncover maternal nutrition effects in developmental programming of beef cattle during early pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2771. [PMID: 33531552 PMCID: PMC7854659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis underlying fetal programming in response to maternal nutrition remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the regulatory relationships between genes in fetal cerebrum, liver, and muscle tissues to shed light on the putative mechanisms that underlie the effects of early maternal nutrient restriction on bovine developmental programming. To this end, cerebrum, liver, and muscle gene expression were measured with RNA-Seq in 14 fetuses collected on day 50 of gestation from dams fed a diet initiated at breeding to either achieve 60% (RES, n = 7) or 100% (CON, n = 7) of energy requirements. To build a tissue-to-tissue gene network, we prioritized tissue-specific genes, transcription factors, and differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we built condition-specific networks to identify differentially co-expressed or connected genes. Nutrient restriction led to differential tissue regulation between the treatments. Myogenic factors differentially regulated by ZBTB33 and ZNF131 may negatively affect myogenesis. Additionally, nutrient-sensing pathways, such as mTOR and PI3K/Akt, were affected by gene expression changes in response to nutrient restriction. By unveiling the network properties, we identified major regulators driving gene expression. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact of early maternal nutrition and strategic supplementation on pre- and post-natal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J. S. Diniz
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Matthew S. Crouse
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE USA
| | - Robert A. Cushman
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE USA
| | - Kyle J. McLean
- grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Joel S. Caton
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Alison K. Ward
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
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21
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3D Genome of macaque fetal brain reveals evolutionary innovations during primate corticogenesis. Cell 2021; 184:723-740.e21. [PMID: 33508230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of human brain evolution is essential to understanding human cognition and mental disorders. We generated multi-omics profiles and constructed a high-resolution map of 3D genome architecture of rhesus macaque during corticogenesis. By comparing the 3D genomes of human, macaque, and mouse brains, we identified many human-specific chromatin structure changes, including 499 topologically associating domains (TADs) and 1,266 chromatin loops. The human-specific loops are significantly enriched in enhancer-enhancer interactions, and the regulated genes show human-specific expression changes in the subplate, a transient zone of the developing brain critical for neural circuit formation and plasticity. Notably, many human-specific sequence changes are located in the human-specific TAD boundaries and loop anchors, which may generate new transcription factor binding sites and chromatin structures in human. Collectively, the presented data highlight the value of comparative 3D genome analyses in dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of brain development and evolution.
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22
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Lin TY, Chen PJ, Yu HH, Hsu CP, Lee CH. Extrinsic Factors Regulating Dendritic Patterning. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:622808. [PMID: 33519386 PMCID: PMC7838386 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.622808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotypic dendrite arborizations are key morphological features of neuronal identity, as the size, shape and location of dendritic trees determine the synaptic input fields and how information is integrated within developed neural circuits. In this review, we focus on the actions of extrinsic intercellular communication factors and their effects on intrinsic developmental processes that lead to dendrite patterning. Surrounding neurons or supporting cells express adhesion receptors and secreted proteins that respectively, act via direct contact or over short distances to shape, size, and localize dendrites during specific developmental stages. The different ligand-receptor interactions and downstream signaling events appear to direct dendrite morphogenesis by converging on two categorical mechanisms: local cytoskeletal and adhesion modulation and global transcriptional regulation of key dendritic growth components, such as lipid synthesis enzymes. Recent work has begun to uncover how the coordinated signaling of multiple extrinsic factors promotes complexity in dendritic trees and ensures robust dendritic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hon Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Gibbons AS, Hoyer D, Dean B. SMAD4 protein is decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:70-77. [PMID: 32081064 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1733081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Signal transduction through the mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) is a family of signal transduction factors that mediate signalling of the transforming growth factor B (TGFB)-superfamily of cell regulatory proteins. A recent transcriptomic analysis of post-mortem, cortical tissue from subjects with schizophrenia found decreased mRNA expression of SMAD2 and SMAD4 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) associated with the disorder. To expand this initial finding, we sought to determine whether SMAD2 and SMAD4 protein were also altered in the cortex from subjects with schizophrenia. METHODS Western blotting was used to measure SMAD2 and SMAD4 protein levels in DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) taken post-mortem from subjects with schizophrenia (n = 20) and matched control (n = 20) subjects. RESULTS Compared to controls, levels of SMAD4 were 25% lower in the DLPFC and 38% lower in the ACC from subjects with schizophrenia. By contrast, SMAD2 levels were not altered in either DLPFC or ACC. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of lower SMAD4 protein in the cortex suggests there are likely to be abnormalities in cortical TGFB-superfamily signalling in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Gibbons
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Jeon KI, Huxlin KR. How scars shape the neural landscape: Key molecular mediators of TGF-β1's anti-neuritogenic effects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234950. [PMID: 33232327 PMCID: PMC7685464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Following injury to the peripheral and central nervous systems, tissue levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 often increase, which is key for wound healing and scarring. However, active wound regions and scars appear to inhibit process outgrowth by regenerating neurons. We recently showed that corneal wound myofibroblasts block corneal nerve regeneration in vivo, and sensory neurite outgrowth in vitro in a manner that relies critically on TGF-β1. In turn, delayed, abnormal re-innervation contributes to long-term sensory dysfunctions of the ocular surface. Here, we exposed morphologically and biochemically-differentiated sensory neurons from the ND7/23 cell line to TGF-β1 to identify the intracellular signals regulating these anti-neuritogenic effects, contrasting them with those of Semaphorin(Sema)3A, a known inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. Neuronal morphology was quantified using phase-contrast imaging. Western blotting and specific inhibitors were then used to identify key molecular mediators. Differentiated ND7/23 cells expressed neuron-specific markers, including those involved in neurite extension and polarization. TGF-β1 increased phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), a molecule that is key for neurite extension. We now show that both glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and Smad3 modulate phosphorylation of CRMP2 after treatment with TGF-β1. GSK-3β appeared to exert a particularly strong effect, which could be explained by its ability to phosphorylate not only CRMP2, but also Smad3. In conclusion, TGF-β1's inhibition of neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons appears to be regulated through a highly-conserved signaling pathway, which involves the GSK-3β/CRMP-2 loop via both canonical and non-canonical mechanisms. It is hoped that by defining the signaling pathways that control neurite outgrowth in wound environments, it will become possible to identify optimal molecular targets to promote re-innervation following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Im Jeon
- The Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- The Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- The Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- The Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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25
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Tang QY, Zhang SF, Dai SK, Liu C, Wang YY, Du HZ, Teng ZQ, Liu CM. UTX Regulates Human Neural Differentiation and Dendritic Morphology by Resolving Bivalent Promoters. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:439-453. [PMID: 32679064 PMCID: PMC7419705 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UTX, a H3K27me3 demethylase, plays an important role in mouse brain development. However, so little is known about the function of UTX in human neural differentiation and dendritic morphology. In this study, we generated UTX-null human embryonic stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9, and differentiated them into neural progenitor cells and neurons to investigate the effects of UTX loss of function on human neural development. The results showed that the number of differentiated neurons significantly reduced after loss of UTX, and that the dendritic morphology of UTX KO neurons tended to be simplified. The electrophysiological recordings showed that most of the UTX KO neurons were immature. Finally, RNA sequencing identified dozens of differentially expressed genes involved in neural differentiation and synaptic function in UTX KO neurons and our results demonstrated that UTX regulated these critical genes by resolving bivalent promoters. In summary, we establish a reference for the important role of UTX in human neural differentiation and dendritic morphology. Loss of UTX in hESCs reduces their neural differentiation potential The dendritic morphology of UTX KO neurons tends to be simplified UTX regulates human neural development depending on its demethylation UTX regulates the expression of genes by resolving bivalent promoters
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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26
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Nakamura F, Ohshima T, Goshima Y. Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins: Their Biological Functions and Pathophysiology in Neuronal Development and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:188. [PMID: 32655376 PMCID: PMC7325199 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), which consist of five homologous cytosolic proteins, are one of the major phosphoproteins in the developing nervous system. The prominent feature of the CRMP family proteins is a new class of microtubule-associated proteins that play important roles in the whole process of developing the nervous system, such as axon guidance, synapse maturation, cell migration, and even in adult brain function. The CRMP C-terminal region is subjected to posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, which, in turn, regulates the interaction between the CRMPs and various kinds of proteins including receptors, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins, and motor proteins. The gene-knockout of the CRMP family proteins produces different phenotypes, thereby showing distinct roles of all CRMP family proteins. Also, the phenotypic analysis of a non-phosphorylated form of CRMP2-knockin mouse model, and studies of pharmacological responses to CRMP-related drugs suggest that the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process plays a pivotal role in pathophysiology in neuronal development, regeneration, and neurodegenerative disorders, thus showing CRMPs as promising target molecules for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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27
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Sinha S, Biswas M, Chatterjee SS, Kumar S, Sengupta A. Pbrm1 Steers Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Osteolineage Differentiation by Integrating PBAF-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling and BMP/TGF-β Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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28
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Advances in defining signaling networks for the establishment of neuronal polarity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Grunseich C, Patankar A, Amaya J, Watts JA, Li D, Ramirez P, Schindler AB, Fischbeck KH, Cheung VG. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Senataxin Mutations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 4. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:547-555. [PMID: 31957062 PMCID: PMC7818251 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the clinical and molecular features in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4 (ALS4) due to mutations in the senataxin (SETX) gene and to develop tools for evaluating SETX variants. Methods Our study involved 32 patients, including 31 with mutation in SETX at c.1166 T>C (p.Leu389Ser) and 1 with mutation at c.1153 G>A (p.Glu385Lys). Clinical characterization of the patients included neurological examination, blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Fibroblasts and motor neurons were obtained to model the disease and characterize the molecular alteration in senataxin function. Results We report key clinical features of ALS4. Laboratory analysis showed alteration of serum creatine kinase and creatinine in the Leu389Ser ALS4 cohort. MRI showed increased muscle fat fraction in the lower extremities, which correlates with disease duration (thigh fat fraction R2 = 0.35, p = 0.01; lower leg fat fraction R2 = 0.49, p < 0.01). DEXA measurements showed lower extremities are more affected than upper extremities (average fat z scores of 2.1 and 0.6, respectively). A cellular assay for SETX function confirmed that like the Leu389Ser mutation, the Glu385Lys variant leads to a decrease in R loops, likely from a gain of function. Interpretation We identified clinical laboratory and radiological features of ALS4, and hence they should be monitored for disease progression. The molecular characterization of R‐loop levels in patient‐derived cells provides insight into the disease pathology and assays to evaluate the pathogenicity of candidate mutations in the SETX gene. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:547–555
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aneesh Patankar
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua Amaya
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason A Watts
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dongjun Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Prisila Ramirez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alice B Schindler
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vivian G Cheung
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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30
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Chompre G, Martinez-Orengo N, Cruz M, Porter JT, Noel RJ. TGFβRI antagonist inhibits HIV-1 Nef-induced CC chemokine family ligand 2 (CCL2) in the brain and prevents spatial learning impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:262. [PMID: 31829243 PMCID: PMC6905066 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) progression is related to continued inflammation despite undetectable viral loads and may be caused by early viral proteins expressed by latently infected cells. Astrocytes represent an HIV reservoir in the brain where the early viral neurotoxin negative factor (Nef) is produced. We previously demonstrated that astrocytic expression of Nef in the hippocampus of rats causes inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and memory impairment. Since these processes are affected by TGFβ signaling pathways, and TGFβ-1 is found at higher levels in the central nervous system of HIV-1+ individuals and is released by astrocytes, we hypothesized a role for TGFβ-1 in our model of Nef neurotoxicity. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we compared cytokine gene expression by cultured astrocytes expressing Nef or green fluorescent protein. To determine the role of Nef and a TGFβRI inhibitor on memory and learning, we infused astrocytes expressing Nef into the hippocampus of rats and then treated them daily with an oral dose of SD208 (10 mg/kg) or placebo for 7 days. During this time, locomotor activity was recorded in an open field and spatial learning tested in the novel location recognition paradigm. Postmortem tissue analyses of inflammatory and signaling molecules were conducted using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS TGFβ-1 was induced in cultures expressing Nef at 24 h followed by CCL2 induction which was prevented by blocking TGFβRI with SD208 (competitive inhibitor). Interestingly, Nef seems to change the TGFβRI localization as suggested by the distribution of the immunoreactivity. Nef caused a deficit in spatial learning that was recovered upon co-administration of SD208. Brain tissue from Nef-treated rats given SD208 showed reduced CCL2, phospho-SMAD2, cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), and GFAP immunoreactivity compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with our previous findings, rats treated with Nef showed deficits in spatial learning and memory in the novel location recognition task. In contrast, rats treated with Nef + SD208 showed better spatial learning suggesting that Nef disrupts memory formation in a TGFβ-1-dependent manner. The TGFβRI inhibitor further reduced the induction of inflammation by Nef which was concomitant with decreased TGFβ signaling. Our findings suggest that TGFβ-1 signaling is an intriguing target to reduce neuroHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Chompre
- Biology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Neysha Martinez-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - Myrella Cruz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - James T Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - Richard J Noel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA.
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31
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Huang S, Wang LL, Xue NN, Li C, Guo HH, Ren TK, Zhan Y, Li WB, Zhang J, Chen XG, Han YX, Zhang JL, Jiang JD. Chlorogenic acid effectively treats cancers through induction of cancer cell differentiation. Theranostics 2019; 9:6745-6763. [PMID: 31660066 PMCID: PMC6815948 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Inducing cancer differentiation is a promising approach to treat cancer. Here, we identified chlorogenic acid (CA), a potential differentiation inducer, for cancer therapy, and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its differentiation-inducing effects on cancer cells. Methods: Cancer cell differentiation was investigated by measuring malignant behavior, including growth rate, invasion/migration, morphological change, maturation, and ATP production. Gene expression was analyzed by microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, and protein measurement, and molecular biology techniques were employed for mechanistic studies. LC/MS analysis was the method of choice for chemical detection. Finally, the anticancer effect of CA was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Cancer cells treated with CA showed reduced proliferation rate, migration/invasion ability, and mitochondrial ATP production. Treating cancer cells with CA resulted in elevated SUMO1 expression through acting on its 3'UTR and stabilizing the mRNA. The increased SUMO1 caused c-Myc sumoylation, miR-17 family downregulation, and p21 upregulation leading to G0/G1 arrest and maturation phenotype. CA altered the expression of differentiation-related genes in cancer cells but not in normal cells. It inhibited hepatoma and lung cancer growth in tumor-bearing mice and prevented new tumor development in naïve mice. In glioma cells, CA increased expression of specific differentiation biomarkers Tuj1 and GFAP inducing differentiation and reducing sphere formation. The therapeutic efficacy of CA in glioma cells was comparable to that of temozolomide. CA was detectable both in the blood and brain when administered intraperitoneally in animals. Most importantly, CA was safe even at very high doses. Conclusion: CA might be a safe and effective differentiation-inducer for cancer therapy. “Educating” cancer cells to differentiate, rather than killing them, could be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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32
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Astrocytes and the TGF-β1 Pathway in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: a Double-Edged Sword. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4653-4679. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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