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Jiang J, Foyard E, van Rossum MCW. Reinforcement learning when your life depends on it: A neuro-economic theory of learning. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012554. [PMID: 39466882 PMCID: PMC11542834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity enables animals to adapt to their environment, but memory formation can require a substantial amount of metabolic energy, potentially impairing survival. Hence, a neuro-economic dilemma arises whether learning is a profitable investment or not, and the brain must therefore judiciously regulate learning. Indeed, in experiments it was observed that during starvation, Drosophila suppress formation of energy-intensive aversive memories. Here we include energy considerations in a reinforcement learning framework. Simulated flies learned to avoid noxious stimuli through synaptic plasticity in either the energy expensive long-term memory (LTM) pathway, or the decaying anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) pathway. The objective of the flies is to maximize their lifespan, which is calculated with a hazard function. We find that strategies that switch between the LTM and ARM pathways, based on energy reserve and reward prediction error, prolong lifespan. Our study highlights the significance of energy-regulation of memory pathways and dopaminergic control for adaptive learning and survival. It might also benefit engineering applications of reinforcement learning under resources constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamu Jiang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Foyard
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. W. van Rossum
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Sekeres MJ, Schomaker J, Nadel L, Tse D. To update or to create? The influence of novelty and prior knowledge on memory networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230238. [PMID: 38853571 PMCID: PMC11343309 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Schemas are foundational mental structures shaped by experience. They influence behaviour, guide the encoding of new memories and are shaped by associated information. The adaptability of memory schemas facilitates the integration of new information that aligns with existing knowledge structures. First, we discuss how novel information consistent with an existing schema can be swiftly assimilated when presented. This cognitive updating is facilitated by the interaction between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Second, when novel information is inconsistent with the schema, it likely engages the hippocampus to encode the information as part of an episodic memory trace. Third, novelty may enhance hippocampal dopamine through either the locus coeruleus or ventral tegmental area pathways, with the pathway involved potentially depending on the type of novelty encountered. We propose a gradient theory of schema and novelty to elucidate the neural processes by which schema updating or novel memory traces are formed. It is likely that experiences vary along a familiarity-novelty continuum, and the degree to which new experiences are increasingly novel will guide whether memory for a new experience either integrates into an existing schema or prompts the creation of a new cognitive framework. This article is part of the theme issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Sekeres
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Judith Schomaker
- Health, Medical & Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Nadel
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA
| | - Dorothy Tse
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, OrmskirkL39 4QP, UK
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3
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Sheppard PAS, Oomen CA, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM. The Granular Retrosplenial Cortex Is Necessary in Male Rats for Object-Location Associative Learning and Memory, But Not Spatial Working Memory or Visual Discrimination and Reversal, in the Touchscreen Operant Chamber. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0120-24.2024. [PMID: 38844347 PMCID: PMC11208985 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0120-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a hub of diverse afferent and efferent projections thought to be involved in associative learning. RSC shows early pathology in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which impairs associative learning. To understand and develop therapies for diseases such as AD, animal models are essential. Given the importance of human RSC in object-location associative learning and the success of object-location associative paradigms in human studies and in the clinic, it would be of considerable value to establish a translational model of object-location learning for the rodent. For this reason, we sought to test the role of RSC in object-location learning in male rats using the object-location paired-associates learning (PAL) touchscreen task. First, increased cFos immunoreactivity was observed in granular RSC following PAL training when compared with extended pretraining controls. Following this, RSC lesions following PAL acquisition were used to explore the necessity of the RSC in object-location associative learning and memory and two tasks involving only one modality: trial-unique nonmatching-to-location for spatial working memory and pairwise visual discrimination/reversal. RSC lesions impaired both memory for learned paired-associates and learning of new object-location associations but did not affect performance in either the spatial or visual single-modality tasks. These findings provide evidence that RSC is necessary for object-location learning and less so for learning and memory involving the individual modalities therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A S Sheppard
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Charlotte A Oomen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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4
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Montaser-Kouhsari L, Nicholas J, Gerraty RT, Shohamy D. Two routes to value-based decisions in Parkinson's disease: differentiating incremental reinforcement learning from episodic memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592414. [PMID: 38746345 PMCID: PMC11092770 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease are impaired at incremental reward-based learning. It is typically assumed that this impairment reflects a loss of striatal dopamine. However, many open questions remain about the nature of reward-based learning deficits in Parkinson's. Recent studies have found that a combination of different cognitive and computational strategies contribute even to simple reward-based learning tasks, suggesting a possible role for episodic memory. These findings raise critical questions about how incremental learning and episodic memory interact to support learning from past experience and what their relative contributions are to impaired decision-making in Parkinson's disease. Here we addressed these questions by asking patients with Parkinson's disease (n=26) both on and off their dopamine replacement medication and age- and education-matched healthy controls (n=26) to complete a task designed to isolate the contributions of incremental learning and episodic memory to reward-based learning and decision-making. We found that Parkinson's patients performed as well as healthy controls when using episodic memory, but were impaired at incremental reward-based learning. Dopamine replacement medication remediated this deficit while enhancing subsequent episodic memory for the value of motivationally relevant stimuli. These results demonstrate that Parkinson's patients are impaired at learning about reward from trial-and-error when episodic memory is properly controlled for, and that learning based on the value of single experiences remains intact in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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5
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Velazquez-Delgado C, Perez-Becerra J, Calderon V, Hernandez-Ortiz E, Bermudez-Rattoni F, Carrillo-Reid L. Paradoxical Boosting of Weak and Strong Spatial Memories by Hippocampal Dopamine Uncaging. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0469-23.2024. [PMID: 38755011 PMCID: PMC11138129 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0469-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to remember changes in the surroundings is fundamental for daily life. It has been proposed that novel events producing dopamine release in the hippocampal CA1 region could modulate spatial memory formation. However, the role of hippocampal dopamine increase on weak or strong spatial memories remains unclear. We show that male mice exploring two objects located in a familiar environment for 5 min created a short-term memory (weak) that cannot be retrieved 1 d later, whereas 10 min exploration created a long-term memory (strong) that can be retrieved 1 d later. Remarkably, hippocampal dopamine elevation during the encoding of weak object location memories (OLMs) allowed their retrieval 1 d later but dopamine elevation during the encoding of strong OLMs promoted the preference for a familiar object location over a novel object location after 24 h. Moreover, dopamine uncaging after the encoding of OLMs did not have effect on weak memories whereas on strong memories diminished the exploration of the novel object location. Additionally, hippocampal dopamine elevation during the retrieval of OLMs did not allow the recovery of weak memories and did not affect the retrieval of strong memory traces. Finally, dopamine elevation increased hippocampal theta oscillations, indicating that dopamine promotes the recurrent activation of specific groups of neurons. Our experiments demonstrate that hippocampal dopaminergic modulation during the encoding of OLMs depends on memory strength indicating that hyperdopaminergic levels that enhance weak experiences could compromise the normal storage of strong memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Job Perez-Becerra
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
| | - Vladimir Calderon
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
| | - Eduardo Hernandez-Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Luis Carrillo-Reid
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
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6
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Clarke-Williams CJ, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Lefèvre L, Brizee D, Causse AA, Rothaermel R, Hartwich K, Perestenko PV, Toth R, McNamara CG, Sharott A, Dupret D. Coordinating brain-distributed network activities in memory resistant to extinction. Cell 2024; 187:409-427.e19. [PMID: 38242086 PMCID: PMC7615560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Certain memories resist extinction to continue invigorating maladaptive actions. The robustness of these memories could depend on their widely distributed implementation across populations of neurons in multiple brain regions. However, how dispersed neuronal activities are collectively organized to underpin a persistent memory-guided behavior remains unknown. To investigate this, we simultaneously monitored the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mouse brain from initial recall to post-extinction renewal of a memory involving cocaine experience. We uncover a higher-order pattern of short-lived beta-frequency (15-25 Hz) activities that are transiently coordinated across these networks during memory retrieval. The output of a divergent pathway from upstream VTA glutamatergic neurons, paced by a slower (4-Hz) oscillation, actuates this multi-network beta-band coactivation; its closed-loop phase-informed suppression prevents renewal of cocaine-biased behavior. Binding brain-distributed neural activities in this temporally structured manner may constitute an organizational principle of robust memory expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie J Clarke-Williams
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Laura Lefèvre
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Demi Brizee
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Adrien A Causse
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Roman Rothaermel
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Katja Hartwich
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Pavel V Perestenko
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Robert Toth
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Colin G McNamara
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
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7
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Dalto JF, Medina JH. Time-dependent inhibition of Rac1 in the VTA enhances long-term aversive memory: implications in active forgetting mechanisms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13507. [PMID: 37598223 PMCID: PMC10439914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of memories depends mainly on two opposing forces: the mechanisms required for the storage and maintenance of memory and the mechanisms underlying forgetting, being the latter much less understood. Here, we show the effect of inhibiting the small Rho GTPase Rac1 on the fate of inhibitory avoidance memory in male rats. The immediate post-training micro-infusion of the specific Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (150 ng/0.5 µl/ side) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) enhanced long-term memory at 1, 7, and 14 days after a single training. Additionally, an opposed effect occurred when the inhibitor was infused at 12 h after training while no effect was observed immediately after testing animals at 1 day. Control experiments ruled out the possibility that post-training memory enhancement was due to facilitation of memory formation since no effect was found when animals were tested at 1 h after acquisition and no memory enhancement was observed after the formation of a weak memory. Immediate post-training micro-infusion of Rac1 inhibitor into the dorsal hippocampus, or the amygdala did not affect memory. Our findings support the idea of a Rac1-dependent time-specific active forgetting mechanism in the VTA controlling the strength of a long-term aversive memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Dalto
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, 3rd Floor, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, 3rd Floor, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Pupillo F, Ortiz-Tudela J, Bruckner R, Shing YL. The effect of prediction error on episodic memory encoding is modulated by the outcome of the predictions. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:18. [PMID: 37248232 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Expectations can lead to prediction errors of varying degrees depending on the extent to which the information encountered in the environment conforms with prior knowledge. While there is strong evidence on the computationally specific effects of such prediction errors on learning, relatively less evidence is available regarding their effects on episodic memory. Here, we had participants work on a task in which they learned context/object-category associations of different strengths based on the outcomes of their predictions. We then used a reinforcement learning model to derive subject-specific trial-to-trial estimates of prediction error at encoding and link it to subsequent recognition memory. Results showed that model-derived prediction errors at encoding influenced subsequent memory as a function of the outcome of participants' predictions (correct vs. incorrect). When participants correctly predicted the object category, stronger prediction errors (as a consequence of weak expectations) led to enhanced memory. In contrast, when participants incorrectly predicted the object category, stronger prediction errors (as a consequence of strong expectations) led to impaired memory. These results highlight the important moderating role of choice outcome that may be related to interactions between the hippocampal and striatal dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pupillo
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- TS Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
| | | | - Rasmus Bruckner
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Biane JS, Ladow MA, Stefanini F, Boddu SP, Fan A, Hassan S, Dundar N, Apodaca-Montano DL, Zhou LZ, Fayner V, Woods NI, Kheirbek MA. Neural dynamics underlying associative learning in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:798-809. [PMID: 37012382 PMCID: PMC10448873 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Animals associate cues with outcomes and update these associations as new information is presented. This requires the hippocampus, yet how hippocampal neurons track changes in cue-outcome associations remains unclear. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we tracked the same dCA1 and vCA1 neurons across days to determine how responses evolve across phases of odor-outcome learning. Initially, odors elicited robust responses in dCA1, whereas, in vCA1, odor responses primarily emerged after learning and embedded information about the paired outcome. Population activity in both regions rapidly reorganized with learning and then stabilized, storing learned odor representations for days, even after extinction or pairing with a different outcome. Additionally, we found stable, robust signals across CA1 when mice anticipated outcomes under behavioral control but not when mice anticipated an inescapable aversive outcome. These results show how the hippocampus encodes, stores and updates learned associations and illuminates the unique contributions of dorsal and ventral hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Biane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Max A Ladow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Stefanini
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sayi P Boddu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Austin Fan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shazreh Hassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naz Dundar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Apodaca-Montano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lexi Zichen Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Varya Fayner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas I Woods
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazen A Kheirbek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Baeuchl C, Glöckner F, Koch C, Petzold J, Schuck NW, Smolka MN, Li SC. Dopamine differentially modulates medial temporal lobe activity and behavior during spatial navigation in young and older adults. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120099. [PMID: 37037380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in spatial navigation behavior. In addition to an overall performance decline, older adults tend to rely more on proximal location cue information than on environmental boundary information during spatial navigation compared to young adults. The fact that older adults are more susceptible to errors during spatial navigation might be partly attributed to deficient dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal and striatal functioning. Hence, elevating dopamine levels might differentially modulate spatial navigation and memory performance in young and older adults. In this work, we administered levodopa (L-DOPA) in a double-blind within-subject, placebo-controlled design and recorded functional neuroimaging while young and older adults performed a 3D spatial navigation task in which boundary geometry or the position of a location cue were systematically manipulated. An age by intervention interaction on the neural level revealed an upregulation of brain responses in older adults and a downregulation of responses in young adults within the medial temporal lobe (including hippocampus and parahippocampus) and brainstem, during memory retrieval. Behaviorally, L-DOPA had no effect on older adults' overall memory performance; however, older adults whose spatial memory improved under L-DOPA also showed a shift towards more boundary processing under L-DOPA. In young adults, L-DOPA induced a decline in spatial memory performance in task-naïve participants. These results are consistent with the inverted-U-shaped hypothesis of dopamine signaling and cognitive function and suggest that increasing dopamine availability improves hippocampus-dependent place learning in some older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baeuchl
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Franka Glöckner
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Koch
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course (LIFE), Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolas W Schuck
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, German
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Possemato E, La Barbera L, Nobili A, Krashia P, D'Amelio M. The role of dopamine in NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101907. [PMID: 36893920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Central Nervous System (CNS), neuroinflammation orchestrated by microglia and astrocytes is an innate immune response to counteract stressful and dangerous insults. One of the most important and best characterized players in the neuroinflammatory response is the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiproteic complex composed by NOD-like receptor family Pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. Different stimuli mediate NLRP3 activation, resulting in the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-18) maturation and secretion. The persistent and uncontrolled NLRP3 inflammasome activation has a leading role during the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD). The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is one of the players that negatively modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation through DA receptors expressed in both microglia and astrocytes. This review summarizes recent findings linking the role of DA in the modulation of NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and AD, where early deficits of the dopaminergic system are well characterized. Highlighting the relationship between DA, its glial receptors and the NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation can provide insights to novel diagnostic strategies in early disease phases and new pharmacological tools to delay the progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Possemato
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia La Barbera
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Wang Y, Liu J, Hui Y, Wu Z, Wang L, Wu X, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Li L. Dose and time-dependence of acute intermittent theta-burst stimulation on hippocampus-dependent memory in parkinsonian rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1124819. [PMID: 36866328 PMCID: PMC9972116 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1124819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment options for cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been applied in various neurological diseases. However, the effect of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) as a more developed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm on cognitive dysfunction in PD remains largely unclear. Objective Our aim was to explore the effect of acute iTBS on hippocampus-dependent memory in PD and the mechanism underlying it. Methods Different blocks of iTBS protocols were applied to unilateral 6-hydroxidopamine-induced parkinsonian rats followed by the behavioral, electrophysiological and immunohistochemical analyses. The object-place recognition and hole-board test were used to assess hippocampus-dependent memory. Results Sham-iTBS and 1 block-iTBS (300 stimuli) didn't alter hippocampus-dependent memory, hippocampal theta rhythm and the density of c-Fos- and parvalbumin-positive neurons in the hippocampus and medial septum. 3 block-iTBS (900 stimuli) alleviated 6-hydroxidopamine-induced memory impairments, and increased the density of hippocampal c-Fos-positive neurons at 80 min post-stimulation but not 30 min compared to sham-iTBS. Interestingly, 3 block-iTBS first decreased and then increased normalized theta power during a period of 2 h following stimulation. Moreover, 3 block-iTBS decreased the density of parvalbumin-positive neurons in the medial septum at 30 min post-stimulation compared to sham-iTBS. Conclusion The results indicate that multiple blocks of iTBS elicit dose and time-dependent effects on hippocampus-dependent memory in PD, which may be attributed to changes in c-Fos expression and the power of theta rhythm in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanping Hui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhongheng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yihua Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiaojun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Elliott BL, D'Ardenne K, Murty VP, Brewer GA, McClure SM. Midbrain-Hippocampus Structural Connectivity Selectively Predicts Motivated Memory Encoding. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9426-9434. [PMID: 36332978 PMCID: PMC9794367 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0945-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation is a powerful driver of learning and memory. Functional MRI studies show that interactions among the dopaminergic midbrain substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) are critical for motivated memory encoding. However, it is not known whether these effects are transient and purely functional, or whether individual differences in the structure of this circuit underlie motivated memory encoding. To quantify individual differences in structure, diffusion-weighted MRI and probabilistic tractography were used to quantify SN/VTA-striatum and SN/VTA-hippocampus pathways associated with motivated memory encoding in humans. Male and female participants completed a motivated source memory paradigm. During encoding, words were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, reward ($1.00), control ($0.00), or punishment (-$1.00). During retrieval, participants were asked to retrieve item and source information of the previously studied words and were rewarded or penalized according to their performance. Source memory for words assigned to both reward and punishment conditions was greater than those for control words, but there were no differences in item memory based on value. Anatomically, probabilistic tractography results revealed a heterogeneous, topological arrangement of the SN/VTA. Tract density measures of SN/VTA-hippocampus pathways were positively correlated with individual differences in reward-and-punishment-modulated memory performance, whereas density of SN/VTA-striatum pathways showed no association. This novel finding suggests that pathways emerging from the human SV/VTA are anatomically separable and functionally heterogeneous. Individual differences in structural connectivity of the dopaminergic hippocampus-VTA loop are selectively associated with motivated memory encoding.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Functional MRI studies show that interactions among the SN/VTA, hippocampus, and NAc are critical for motivated memory encoding. This has led to competing theories that posit either SN/VTA-NAc reward prediction errors or SN/VTA-hippocampus signals underlie motivated memory encoding. Additionally, it is not known whether these effects are transient and purely functional or whether individual differences in the structure of these circuits underlie motivated memory encoding. Using diffusion-weighted MRI and probabilistic tractography, we show that tract density measures of SN/VTA-hippocampus pathways are positively correlated with motivated memory performance, whereas density of SN/VTA-striatum pathways show no association. This finding suggests that anatomic individual differences of the dopaminergic hippocampus-VTA loop are selectively associated with motivated memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Elliott
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | | | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Gene A Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85721
| | - Samuel M McClure
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85721
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14
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Hagena H, Stacho M, Laja A, Manahan-Vaughan D. Strain-dependent regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation by dopamine D1/D5 receptors in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1023361. [PMID: 36545120 PMCID: PMC9760685 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1023361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and persistency of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rodent hippocampus is species-dependent: rats express more robust and more prolonged LTP in response to a broader afferent frequency range than mice. The C57Bl/6 mouse is an extremely popular murine strain used in studies of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial learning. Recently it was reported that it expresses impoverished LTP compared to other murine strains. Given the important role of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor (D1/D5R) in the maintenance of LTP and in memory consolidation, we explored to what extent strain-dependent differences in LTP in mice are determined by differences in D1/D5R-control. In CaOlaHsd mice, robust LTP was induced that lasted for over 24 h and which was significantly greater in magnitude than LTP induced in C57Bl/6 mice. Intracerebral treatment with a D1/D5R-antagonist (SCH23390) prevented both the early and late phase of LTP in CaOlaHsd mice, whereas only late-LTP was impaired in C57Bl/6 mice. Treatment with a D1/D5R-agonist (Chloro-PB) facilitated short-term potentiation (STP) into LTP (> 24 h) in both strains, whereby effects became evident earlier in CaOlaHsd compared to C57Bl/6 mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of D1-receptors in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of CaOlaHsd compared to C57Bl/6 mice. These findings highlight differences in D1/D5R- dependent regulation of strain-dependent variations in hippocampal LTP in C57Bl/6 and CaOlaHsd mice, that may be mediated, in part, by differences in the expression of D1R in the hippocampus.
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15
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Gieske A, Sommer T. Independent effects of emotional arousal and reward anticipation on episodic memory formation. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4527-4541. [PMID: 36205480 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Events that elicit emotional arousal or are associated with reward are more likely remembered. Emotional arousal activates the amygdala and the central noradrenergic system, whereas reward anticipation results in an activity in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. The activation of both pathways enhances memory formation in the hippocampus where their effects are based on similar neural substrates, e.g. tagging of active hippocampal synapses. Moreover, emotional arousal and reward anticipation both enhance attention, which can also affect memory formation. In addition, both neuromodulators interact on the cellular level. Therefore, we tested in the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study whether simultaneously occurring emotional arousal and reward anticipation might have interacting effects on memory formation. We did not find evidence for such an interaction, neither on the behavioral nor on the neural level. Our results further suggest that reward anticipation enhances memory formation rather by an increase in anticipation-related arousal-reflected in activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-and not dopaminergic midbrain activity. Accompanying behavioral experiments indicated that the effect of reward anticipation on memory is (i) caused at least to some extent by anticipating the speeded response to obtain the reward and not by the valance of the outcome and (ii) can be observed already immediately after encoding, i.e. before consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gieske
- Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sommer
- Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Maksimovskiy AL, Okine C, Cataldo AM, Dillon DG. Sluggish retrieval of positive memories in depressed adults. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1172-1182. [PMID: 35556232 PMCID: PMC9464714 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although depression is associated with poor memory for positive material, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used the Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Model (HDDM) to determine whether slow evidence accumulation at retrieval contributes to depressed individuals' difficulty remembering positive events. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and were stratified into High BDI (HBDI; BDI-II > 20, n = 49) and Low BDI (LBDI; BDI-II < 6, n = 46) groups. Next, participants completed an oddball task in which neutral, negative, and positive pictures served as rare targets. One day later, recognition memory was tested by presenting the encoded ("old") pictures along with closely matched ("new") lures. Recognition accuracy was analyzed with a generalized linear model, and choice and response time data were analyzed with the HDDM. Recognition accuracy for old positive pictures was lower in HBDI versus LBDI participants, and the HDDM highlighted slow evidence accumulation during positive memory retrieval in the HBDI group. Impaired memory for positive material in depressed adults was related to slow evidence accumulation at retrieval. Because oddballs should elicit prediction errors that normally strengthen memory formation, these retrieval findings may reflect weak positive prediction errors, at encoding, in depressed adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy L Maksimovskiy
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Andrea M Cataldo
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Taha M, Elazab ST, Badawy AM, Saati AA, Qusty NF, Al-Kushi AG, Sarhan A, Osman A, Farage AE. Activation of SIRT-1 Pathway by Nanoceria Sheds Light on Its Ameliorative Effect on Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment (Chemobrain): Restraining Its Neuroinflammation, Synaptic Dysplasticity and Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080918. [PMID: 35893742 PMCID: PMC9394293 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo fog is one of the most serious health concerns encountered by cancer survivors receiving doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and impairment of synaptic plasticity are regarded as the key factors implicated in DOX-induced cognitive impairment. This research aimed to assess the possible neuroprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against DOX-induced neurotoxicity. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups (12 rats/group): control group, CeNPs group (received oral CeNPs solution (35 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks), and DOX group (were administered DOX intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg, once/week for 4 weeks)) and DOX+ CeNPs group. The findings revealed that CeNPs mitigated behavioral alterations in DOX-induced cognitive deficit. Additionally, CeNPs alleviated the histopathological abnormalities in hippocampus and ameliorated DOX-induced neuroinflammation by downregulating the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6. In addition, CeNPs antagonized the apoptosis through reducing the protein expression of cytochrome c and caspase 3. In addition, it stimulated the antioxidant defense, as indicated by upregulating the expression of the Nrf2, HO-1 and PGC-1α genes. CeNPs improved synaptic plasticity via acting on the BDNF. These actions were related through the modification of SIRT-1 expression. Based on the aforementioned results, CeNPs antagonized the doxorubicin-induced neurodegeneration by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, alongside its SIRT-1 mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Department of Anatomy, Al-Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudhah 28814, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; or
| | - Alaa. M. Badawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naeem F. Qusty
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Kushi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Sarhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amira Osman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Amira E. Farage
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33511, Egypt;
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18
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Liu F, Jiang Y, Li S. The dissociating of reward feedback on familiarity and recollection processing: evidence from event-related potential. Neuroreport 2022; 33:429-436. [PMID: 35623088 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although previous studies have explored the effect of reward feedback on recognition memory, electrophysiological evidence for reward-enhanced memory and its underlying processing mechanisms remains unclear. METHODS This study adopts reward-learning and recognition memory tasks. Participants were asked to learn the reward values of two-color images (each color image had either reward or nonreward feedback) in the reward-learning task, and then tested their recognition memory performance with reward and nonreward feedback items. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the recognition memory performance of rewarded items was better than that of nonrewarded items. During the reward-learning period, nonreward feedback elicited larger feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 amplitudes compared with reward feedback. The findings indicated that participants mainly engaged in prediction error processing in the early stage, followed by comparing and context update of the learned items. During the recognition memory period, reward items elicited larger FN400 amplitude and smaller LPC amplitude compared with nonreward items. This suggests that reward item retrieval has deeper memory traces and can identify items faster, relying mainly on familiarity processing. Conversely, nonreward, as a general or inhibitory item, requires more detail and cognitive resources, that is, relies on recollection processing. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that participants had different process patterns between reward and nonreward items during recognition retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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19
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Sayegh F, Herraiz L, Colom M, Lopez S, Rampon C, Dahan L. D1/5 dopamine receptors are necessary for learning a novel context. Learn Mem 2022; 29:142-145. [PMID: 35577394 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053555.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine participates in encoding memories and could either encode rewarding/aversive value of unconditioned stimuli or act as a novelty signal triggering contextual learning. Here we show that intraperitoneal injection of the dopamine D1/5R antagonist SCH23390 impairs contextual fear conditioning and tone-shock association, while intrahippocampal injection only impairs contextual fear conditioning. By using the context pre-exposure facilitation effect test, we show that SCH23390 is able to block the encoding of the context during the pre-exposure phase. Thus, we provide additional evidence that dopamine is involved in encoding conjunctive representations of new contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Sayegh
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Laurie Herraiz
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Morgane Colom
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Sébastien Lopez
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
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20
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Xin J, Shan W, Li J, Yu H, Zuo Z. Activation of the Lateral Habenula-Ventral Tegmental Area Neural Circuit Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE 2022; 9:e2202228. [PMID: 35616407 PMCID: PMC9353455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common and is associated with poor outcome. Neural circuit involvement in POCD is unknown. Lateral habenula (LHb) that regulates coping and depression‐like behaviors after aversive stimuli is activated by surgery in the previous study. Here, surgery activated LHb and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are presented. VTA is known to receive projections from LHb and project to the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Direct chemogenetic inhibition of LHb or damaging LHb attenuates surgery‐induced learning and memory impairment, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory responses and cell injury in the VTA, and activation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus, an intermediate station to connect LHb with VTA. LHb inhibition preserves dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Retrograde inhibition of LHb via its projections to VTA attenuated surgery‐induced learning and memory dysfunction is observed. Retrograde activation of LHb induced learning and memory dysfunction is observed. Inhibition of NMDA receptors, dopamine synthesis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the VTA reduced surgery‐induced learning and memory impairment, inflammatory responses, and cell injury are observed. These results suggest that surgery activates the LHb‐VTA neural circuit, which contributes to POCD and neuropathological changes in the brain. These novel findings represent initial evidence for neural circuit involvement in surgery effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
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Vishnoi S, Raisuddin S, Parvez S. Behavioral Tagging: Role of Neurotransmitter Receptor Systems in Novel Object Recognition Long-Term Memory. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11587-11595. [PMID: 35449908 PMCID: PMC9017113 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong training is known to form long-term memory (LTM) as it is an inducer for both a learning tag (just like a synaptic tag/molecular tag) and plasticity-related proteins (PRPs), while weak training is an inducer of only a learning tag. However, weak training can also lead to LTM if paired with another behavioral task (open field in our study-a representative of a novel environment) around the time of PRP arrival. Weak behavioral training is a learning tag inducer, while the open field is a PRP inducer. The learning tag then captures these PRPs to form LTM. This is the basis of behavioral tagging (BT). BT is a well-known model for the evaluation of a few learning and memory forms. In this work, we examined the role of glutamate and D1/D5 (dopamine) receptors in the synthesis of a novel object recognition (NOR) tag (learning) as well as in PRP arrival, which come together to form NOR-LTM. Employing antagonists and/or agonists preceding or proceeding the open field and/or NOR training, it was revealed that the activation/stimulation of D1/D5 (dopamine) receptors and glutamatergic NMDA receptors plays a critical part in PRP arrival. We found that the activation/stimulation of NMDA receptors also contributes to the setting of the learning tag. Moreover, changes in glutamate, dopamine, and GABA neurotransmitter levels were also analyzed. These findings thus demonstrate the critical time window required for NOR-LTM formation based on the process of BT along with the role of activation/stimulation of D1/D5 (dopamine) receptors and NMDA receptors in the arrival of PRPs and learning tags for NOR-LTM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suhel Parvez
- . Tel: +91 11 26059688, ext. 5573. Fax: +91 11
26059663
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22
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Dai ZH, Xu X, Chen WQ, Nie LN, Liu Y, Sui N, Liang J. The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: an implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:67-79. [PMID: 35223369 PMCID: PMC8857535 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review The abuse of opioids induces many terrible problems in human health and social stability. For opioid-dependent individuals, withdrawal memory can be reactivated by context, which is then associated with extremely unpleasant physical and emotional feelings during opioid withdrawal. The reactivation of withdrawal memory is considered one of the most important reasons for opioid relapse, and it also allows for memory modulation based on the reconsolidation phenomenon. However, studies exploring withdrawal memory modulation during the reconsolidation window are lacking. By summarizing the previous findings about the reactivation of negative emotional memories, we are going to suggest potential neural regions and systems for modulating opioid withdrawal memory. Recent findings Here, we first present the role of memory reactivation in its modification, discuss how the hippocampus participates in memory reactivation, and discuss the importance of noradrenergic signaling in the hippocampus for memory reactivation. Then, we review the engagement of other limbic regions receiving noradrenergic signaling in memory reactivation. We suggest that noradrenergic signaling targeting hippocampus neurons might play a potential role in strengthening the disruptive effect of withdrawal memory extinction by facilitating the degree of memory reactivation. Summary This review will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying reactivation-dependent memory malleability and will provide new therapeutic avenues for treating opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-hua Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-qi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-na Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kumar MG, Tan C, Libedinsky C, Yen SC, Tan AYY. A Nonlinear Hidden Layer Enables Actor-Critic Agents to Learn Multiple Paired Association Navigation. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3917-3936. [PMID: 35034127 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation to multiple cued reward locations has been increasingly used to study rodent learning. Though deep reinforcement learning agents have been shown to be able to learn the task, they are not biologically plausible. Biologically plausible classic actor-critic agents have been shown to learn to navigate to single reward locations, but which biologically plausible agents are able to learn multiple cue-reward location tasks has remained unclear. In this computational study, we show versions of classic agents that learn to navigate to a single reward location, and adapt to reward location displacement, but are not able to learn multiple paired association navigation. The limitation is overcome by an agent in which place cell and cue information are first processed by a feedforward nonlinear hidden layer with synapses to the actor and critic subject to temporal difference error-modulated plasticity. Faster learning is obtained when the feedforward layer is replaced by a recurrent reservoir network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ganesh Kumar
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Innovation and Design Programme, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore
| | - Cheston Tan
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Camilo Libedinsky
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shih-Cheng Yen
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Innovation and Design Programme, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore
| | - Andrew Y Y Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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24
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Lahlou S, Gabitov E, Owen L, Shohamy D, Sharp M. Preserved motor memory in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2022; 167:108161. [PMID: 35041839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease, who lose the dopaminergic projections to the striatum, are impaired in certain aspects of motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to its role in motor performance, the striatum plays a key role in the memory of motor learning. Whether Parkinson's patients have impaired motor memory and whether motor memory is modulated by dopamine at the time of initial learning is unknown. To address these questions, we measured memory of a learned motor sequence in Parkinson's patients who were either On or Off their dopaminergic medications at the time of initial learning. We compared them to a group of older and younger controls. Contrary to our predictions, motor memory was not impaired in patients compared to older controls, and was not influenced by dopamine state at the time of initial learning. To probe post-learning consolidation processes, we also tested whether learning a new sequence shortly after learning the initial sequence would interfere with later memory. We found that, in contrast to younger adults, neither older adults nor patients were susceptible to this interference. These findings suggest that motor memory is preserved in Parkinson's patients and raise the possibility that motor memory in patients is supported by compensatory non-dopamine sensitive mechanisms. Furthermore, given the similar performance characteristics observed in the patients and older adults and the absence of an effect of dopamine, these results raise the possibility that aging and Parkinson's disease affect motor memory in similar ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Lahlou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Ella Gabitov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Lucy Owen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, USA
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, USA
| | - Madeleine Sharp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada.
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25
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Caragea VM, Manahan-Vaughan D. Bidirectional Regulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Modulation of Cumulative Spatial Memory by Dopamine D2-Like Receptors. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:803574. [PMID: 35095441 PMCID: PMC8789653 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.803574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a key factor in the enablement of cognition and hippocampal information processing. Its action in the hippocampus is mediated by D1/D5 and D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. While D1/D5-receptors are well recognized as strong modulators of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and information storage, much less is known about the role of D2-like receptors (D2R) in these processes. Here, we explored to what extent D2R contribute to synaptic plasticity and cumulative spatial memory derived from semantic and episodic-like information storage. In freely behaving adult rats, we also assessed to what extent short and long-term forms of synaptic plasticity are influenced by pharmacological activation or blockade of D2R. Antagonism of D2R by means of intracerebral treatment with remoxipride, completely prevented the expression of both short-term (<1 h) and long-term potentiation (>4 h), as well as the expression of short-term depression (STD, <1 h) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Scrutiny of involvement of D2R in spatial learning revealed that D2R-antagonism prevented retention of a semantic spatial memory task, and also significantly impaired retention of recent spatiotemporal aspects of an episodic-like memory task. Taken together, these findings indicate that D2R are required for bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, they are critically involved in enabling cumulative and episodic-like forms of spatial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta-Maria Caragea
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Denise Manahan-Vaughan
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26
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Spoleti E, Krashia P, La Barbera L, Nobili A, Lupascu CA, Giacalone E, Keller F, Migliore M, Renzi M, D'Amelio M. Early derailment of firing properties in CA1 pyramidal cells of the ventral hippocampus in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Exp Neurol 2021; 350:113969. [PMID: 34973962 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gradual decline in cognitive and non-cognitive functions are considered clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Post-mortem autoptic analysis shows the presence of amyloid β deposits, neuroinflammation and severe brain atrophy. However, brain circuit alterations and cellular derailments, assessed in very early stages of AD, still remain elusive. The understanding of these early alterations is crucial to tackle defective mechanisms. In a previous study we proved that the Tg2576 mouse model of AD displays functional deficits in the dorsal hippocampus and relevant behavioural AD-related alterations. We had shown that these deficits in Tg2576 mice correlate with the precocious degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and can be restored by L-DOPA treatment. Due to the distinct functionality and connectivity of dorsal versus ventral hippocampus, here we investigated neuronal excitability and synaptic functionality in the ventral CA1 hippocampal sub-region of Tg2576 mice. We found an age-dependent alteration of cell excitability and firing in pyramidal neurons starting at 3 months of age, that correlates with reduced levels in the ventral CA1 of tyrosine hydroxylase - the rate-limiting enzyme of DA synthesis. Additionally, at odds with the dorsal hippocampus, we found no alterations in basal glutamatergic transmission and long-term plasticity of ventral neurons in 8-month old Tg2576 mice compared to age-matched controls. Last, we used computational analysis to model the early derailments of firing properties observed and hypothesize that the neuronal alterations found could depend on dysfunctional sodium and potassium conductances, leading to anticipated depolarization-block of action potential firing. The present study depicts that impairment of cell excitability and homeostatic control of firing in ventral CA1 pyramidal neurons is a prodromal feature in Tg2576 AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Spoleti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Livia La Barbera
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | | | | | - Flavio Keller
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Michele Migliore
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Renzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy.
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Zheng L, Gao Z, McAvan AS, Isham EA, Ekstrom AD. Partially overlapping spatial environments trigger reinstatement in hippocampus and schema representations in prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6231. [PMID: 34711830 PMCID: PMC8553856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
When we remember a city that we have visited, we retrieve places related to finding our goal but also non-target locations within this environment. Yet, understanding how the human brain implements the neural computations underlying holistic retrieval remains unsolved, particularly for shared aspects of environments. Here, human participants learned and retrieved details from three partially overlapping environments while undergoing high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our findings show reinstatement of stores even when they are not related to a specific trial probe, providing evidence for holistic environmental retrieval. For stores shared between cities, we find evidence for pattern separation (representational orthogonalization) in hippocampal subfield CA2/3/DG and repulsion in CA1 (differentiation beyond orthogonalization). Additionally, our findings demonstrate that medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) stores representations of the common spatial structure, termed schema, across environments. Together, our findings suggest how unique and common elements of multiple spatial environments are accessed computationally and neurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Zhiyao Gao
- grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Andrew S. McAvan
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Eve A. Isham
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Arne D. Ekstrom
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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28
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Role of hippocampal NF-κB and GluN2B in the memory acquisition impairment of experiences gathered prior to cocaine administration in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20033. [PMID: 34625609 PMCID: PMC8501066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine can induce severe neurobehavioral changes, among others, the ones involved in learning and memory processes. It is known that during drug consumption, cocaine-associated memory and learning processes take place. However, much less is known about the effects of this drug upon the mechanisms involved in forgetting.The present report focuses on the mechanisms by which cocaine affects memory consolidation of experiences acquired prior to drug administration. We also study the involvement of hippocampus in these processes, with special interest on the role of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor 2B (GluN2B), and their relationship with other proteins, such as cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). For this purpose, we developed a rat experimental model of chronic cocaine administration in which spatial memory and the expression or activity of several proteins in the hippocampus were assessed after 36 days of drug administration. We report an impairment in memory acquisition of experiences gathered prior to cocaine administration, associated to an increase in GluN2B expression in the hippocampus. We also demonstrate a decrease in NF-κB activity, as well as in the expression of the active form of CREB, confirming the role of these transcription factors in the cocaine-induced memory impairment.
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29
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James T, Kula B, Choi S, Khan SS, Bekar LK, Smith NA. Locus coeruleus in memory formation and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6948-6959. [PMID: 33190318 PMCID: PMC8121900 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) in the dorsal pontine tegmentum innervate the entire neuroaxis, with signaling actions implicated in the regulation of attention, arousal, sleep-wake cycle, learning, memory, anxiety, pain, mood, and brain metabolism. The co-release of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) from LC terminals in the hippocampus plays a role in all stages of hippocampal-memory processing. This catecholaminergic regulation modulates the encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and reversal of hippocampus-based memory. LC neurons in awake animals have two distinct firing modes: tonic firing (explorative) and phasic firing (exploitative). These two firing modes exert different modulatory effects on post-synaptic dendritic spines. In the hippocampus, the firing modes regulate long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression, which differentially regulate the mRNA expression and transcription of plasticity-related proteins (PRPs). These proteins aid in structural alterations of dendritic spines, that is, structural long-term potentiation (sLTP), via expansion and structural long-term depression (sLTD) via contraction of post-synaptic dendritic spines. Given the LC's role in all phases of memory processing, the degeneration of 50% of the LC neuron population occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a clinically relevant aspect of disease pathology. The loss of catecholaminergic regulation contributes to dysfunction in memory processes along with impaired functions associated with attention and task completion. The multifaceted role of the LC in memory and general task performance and the close correlation of LC degeneration with neurodegenerative disease progression together implicate it as a target for new clinical assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony James
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Center for NeuroscienceChildren's National Research InstituteChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Seowon Choi
- Center for NeuroscienceChildren's National Research InstituteChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and TechnologyAlexandriaVAUSA
| | | | - Lane K. Bekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada
| | - Nathan A. Smith
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA
- Center for NeuroscienceChildren's National Research InstituteChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
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30
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Knowlton BJ, Castel AD. Memory and Reward-Based Learning: A Value-Directed Remembering Perspective. Annu Rev Psychol 2021; 73:25-52. [PMID: 34587778 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032921-050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that can better support retrieval. Here, we describe a dual-mechanism framework of value-directed remembering in which both strategic and automatic processes lead to differential encoding of valuable information. Strategic processes rely on metacognitive awareness of effective deep encoding strategies that allow younger and healthy older adults to selectively remember important information. In contrast, some high-value information may also be encoded automatically in the absence of intention to remember, but this may be more impaired in older age. These different mechanisms are subserved by different neural substrates, with left-hemisphere semantic processing regions active during the strategic encoding of high-value items, and automatic enhancement of encoding of high-value items may be supported by activation of midbrain dopaminergic projections to the hippocampal region. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Knowlton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
| | - Alan D Castel
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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31
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Cowan ET, Fain M, O'Shea I, Ellman LM, Murty VP. VTA and Anterior Hippocampus Target Dissociable Neocortical Networks for Post-Novelty Enhancements. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8040-8050. [PMID: 34376585 PMCID: PMC8460145 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0316-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of novelty indicates changes in the environment and the need to update existing representations. In response to novelty, interactions across the VTA-hippocampal circuit support experience-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus. While theories have broadly suggested plasticity-related changes are also instantiated in the cortex, research has also shown evidence for functional heterogeneity in cortical networks. It therefore remains unclear how the hippocampal-VTA circuit engages cortical networks, and whether novelty targets specific cortical regions or diffuse, large-scale cortical networks. To adjudicate the role of the VTA and hippocampus in cortical network plasticity, we used fMRI to compare resting-state functional coupling before and following exposure to novel scene images in human subjects of both sexes. Functional coupling between right anterior hippocampus and VTA was enhanced following novelty exposure. However, we also found evidence for a double dissociation, with anterior hippocampus and VTA showing distinct patterns of post-novelty functional coupling enhancements, targeting task-relevant regions versus large-scale networks, respectively. Further, significant correlations between these networks and the novelty-related plasticity in the anterior hippocampal-VTA functional network suggest that the central hippocampal-VTA network may facilitate the interactions with the cortex. These findings support an extended model of novelty-induced plasticity, in which novelty elicits plasticity-related changes in both local and global cortical networks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Novelty detection is critical for adaptive behavior, signaling the need to update existing representations. By engaging the bidirectional hippocampal-VTA circuit, novelty has been shown to induce plasticity-related changes in the hippocampus. However, it remains an open question how novelty targets such plasticity-related changes in cortical networks. We show that anterior hippocampus and VTA target cortical networks at different spatial scales, with respective enhancements in post-novelty functional coupling with a task-relevant cortical region and a large-scale memory network. The results presented here support an extended model of novelty-related plasticity, in which engaging the anterior hippocampal-VTA circuit through novelty exposure propagates cortical plasticity through hippocampal and VTA functional pathways at distinct scales, targeting specific or diffuse cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Fain
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ian O'Shea
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
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32
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The HexMaze: A Previous Knowledge Task on Map Learning for Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0554-20.2021. [PMID: 34135006 PMCID: PMC8362685 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0554-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New information is rarely learned in isolation; instead, most of what we experience can be incorporated into or uses previous knowledge networks in some form. Previous knowledge in form of a cognitive map can facilitate knowledge acquisition and will influence how we learn new spatial information. Here, we developed a new spatial navigation task where food locations are learned in a large, gangway maze to test how mice learn a large spatial map over a longer time period—the HexMaze. Analyzing performance across sessions as well as on specific trials, we can show simple memory effects as well as multiple effects of previous knowledge of the map accelerating both online learning and performance increases over offline periods when incorporating new information. We could identify the following three main phases: (1) learning the initial goal location; (2) faster learning after 2 weeks when learning a new goal location; and then (3) the ability to express one-session learning, leading to long-term memory effect after 12 weeks. Importantly, we are the first to show that buildup of a spatial map is dependent on how much time passes, not how often the animal is trained.
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33
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Abstract
An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that computations of reward and its prediction occur on multiple levels across a complex set of interacting brain regions, including those that support memory and navigation. However, how the brain coordinates the encoding, recall and use of reward information to guide navigation remains incompletely understood. In this Review, we propose that the brain's classical navigation centres - the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex - are ideally suited to coordinate this larger network by representing both physical and mental space as a series of states. These states may be linked to reward via neuromodulatory inputs to the hippocampus-entorhinal cortex system. Hippocampal outputs can then broadcast sequences of states to the rest of the brain to store reward associations or to facilitate decision-making, potentially engaging additional value signals downstream. This proposal is supported by recent advances in both experimental and theoretical neuroscience. By discussing the neural systems traditionally tied to navigation and reward at their intersection, we aim to offer an integrated framework for understanding navigation to reward as a fundamental feature of many cognitive processes.
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34
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Abstract
We rely on our long-term memories to guide future behaviors, making it adaptive to prioritize the retention of goal-relevant, salient information in memory. In this review, we discuss findings from rodent and human research to demonstrate that active processes during post-encoding consolidation support the selective stabilization of recent experience into adaptive, long-term memories. Building upon literatures focused on dynamics at the cellular level, we highlight that consolidation also transforms memories at the systems level to support future goal-relevant behavior, resulting in more generalized memory traces in the brain and behavior. We synthesize previous literatures spanning animal research, human cognitive neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to propose an integrative framework for adaptive consolidation by which goal-relevant memoranda are "tagged" for subsequent consolidation, resulting in selective transformations to the structure of memories that support flexible, goal-relevant behaviors.
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35
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Wiemer J, Leimeister F, Pauli P. Subsequent memory effects on event-related potentials in associative fear learning. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:525-536. [PMID: 33522590 PMCID: PMC8094998 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of human fear learning suggest that a reliable discrimination between safe and threatening stimuli is important for survival and mental health. In the current study, we applied the subsequent memory paradigm in order to identify neurophysiological correlates of successful threat and safety learning. We recorded event-related potentials, while participants incidentally learned associations between multiple neutral faces and an aversive outcome [unconditioned stimulus (US)/conditioned stimulus (CS)+] or no outcome (noUS/CS-). We found that an enhanced late positive potential (LPP) to both CS+ and CS- during learning predicted subsequent memory. A quadratic relationship between LPP and confidence in memory indicates a possible role in both correct and false fear memory. Importantly, the P300 to the omission of the US (following CS-) was enhanced for remembered CS-, while there was a positive correlation between P300 amplitude to both US occurrence and omission and individual memory performance. A following re-exposure phase indicated that memory was indeed related to subjective fear of the CS+/CS-. These results highlight the importance of cognitive resource allocation to both threat and safety for the acquisition of fear and suggest a potential role of the P300 to US omission as an electrophysiological marker of successful safety learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wiemer
- Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Leimeister
- Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Center of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Ferreri L, Mas-Herrero E, Cardona G, Zatorre RJ, Antonijoan RM, Valle M, Riba J, Ripollés P, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Dopamine modulations of reward-driven music memory consolidation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1502:85-98. [PMID: 34247392 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Music listening provides one of the most significant abstract rewards for humans because hearing music activates the dopaminergic mesolimbic system. Given the strong link between reward, dopamine, and memory, we aimed here to investigate the hypothesis that dopamine-dependent musical reward can drive memory improvements. Twenty-nine healthy participants of both sexes provided reward ratings of unfamiliar musical excerpts that had to be remembered following a consolidation period under three separate conditions: after the ingestion of a dopaminergic antagonist, a dopaminergic precursor, or a placebo. Linear mixed modeling of the intervention data showed that the effect of reward on memory-i.e., the greater the reward experienced while listening to the musical excerpts, the better the memory recollection performance-was modulated by both dopaminergic signaling and individual differences in reward processing. Greater pleasure was consistently associated with better memory outcomes in participants with high sensitivity to musical reward, but this effect was lost when dopaminergic signaling was disrupted in participants with average or low musical hedonia. Our work highlights the flexibility of the human dopaminergic system, which can enhance memory formation not only through explicit and/or primary reinforcers but also via abstract and aesthetic rewards such as music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferreri
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Ernest Mas-Herrero
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Cardona
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosa M Antonijoan
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Valle
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institut of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Riba
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York.,Music and Auditory Research Lab (MARL), New York University, New York, New York.,Center for Language, Music and Emotion (CLaME), New York University, Max-Planck Institute, New York, New York
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Oliveira da Cruz JF, Busquets-Garcia A, Zhao Z, Varilh M, Lavanco G, Bellocchio L, Robin L, Cannich A, Julio-Kalajzić F, Lesté-Lasserre T, Maître M, Drago F, Marsicano G, Soria-Gómez E. Specific Hippocampal Interneurons Shape Consolidation of Recognition Memory. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108046. [PMID: 32814049 PMCID: PMC7443618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex array of inhibitory interneurons tightly controls hippocampal activity, but how such diversity specifically affects memory processes is not well understood. We find that a small subclass of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R)-expressing hippocampal interneurons determines episodic-like memory consolidation by linking dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) signaling to GABAergic transmission. Mice lacking CB1Rs in D1-positive cells (D1-CB1-KO) display impairment in long-term, but not short-term, novel object recognition memory (NOR). Re-expression of CB1Rs in hippocampal D1R-positive cells rescues this NOR deficit. Learning induces an enhancement of in vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), which is absent in mutant mice. CB1R-mediated NOR and the associated LTP facilitation involve local control of GABAergic inhibition in a D1-dependent manner. This study reveals that hippocampal CB1R-/D1R-expressing interneurons control NOR memory, identifying a mechanism linking the diversity of hippocampal interneurons to specific behavioral outcomes. CB1Rs are present in hippocampal D1R-positive interneurons CB1R/D1R-positive interneurons control the late phase of recognition memory CB1R/D1R-positive interneurons control learning-induced facilitation of LTP
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Oliveira da Cruz
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France; New York University, Center for Neural Science, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France; Integrative Pharmacology and System Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Zhe Zhao
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Laurie Robin
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Francisca Julio-Kalajzić
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Thierry Lesté-Lasserre
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Marlène Maître
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France
| | - Filippo Drago
- Integrative Pharmacology and System Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France.
| | - Edgar Soria-Gómez
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux 33300, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33300, France; Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa 48940, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa 48940, Spain.
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38
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Ocular measures during associative learning predict recall accuracy. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:103-115. [PMID: 34052234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to form associations between stimuli and commit those associations to memory is a cornerstone of human cognition. Dopamine and noradrenaline are critical neuromodulators implicated in a range of cognitive functions, including learning and memory. Eye blink rate (EBR) and pupil diameter have been shown to index dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity. Here, we examined how these ocular measures relate to accuracy in a paired-associate learning task where participants (N = 73) learned consistent object-location associations over eight trials consisting of pre-trial fixation, encoding, delay, and retrieval epochs. In order to examine how within-subject changes and between-subject changes in ocular metrics related to accuracy, we mean centered individual metric values on each trial based on within-person and across-subject means for each epoch. Within-participant variation in EBR was positively related to accuracy in both encoding and delay epochs: faster EBR within the individual predicted better retrieval. Differences in EBR across participants was negatively related to accuracy in the encoding epoch and in early trials of the pre-trial fixation: faster EBR, relative to other subjects, predicted poorer retrieval. Visual scanning behavior in pre-trial fixation and delay epochs was also positively related to accuracy in early trials: more scanning predicted better retrieval. We found no relationship between pupil diameter and accuracy. These results provide novel evidence supporting the utility of ocular metrics in illuminating cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of paired-associate learning.
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39
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Du J, Zhang A, Li J, Liu X, Wu S, Wang B, Wang Y, Jia H. Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment: The Mechanistic Insights. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673340. [PMID: 34055643 PMCID: PMC8158153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can significantly prolong the survival of patients with breast cancer; Nevertheless, the majority of patients receiving chemotherapy such as doxorubicin may have cognitive deficits that manifest as impairments in learning, reasoning, attention, and memory. The phenomenon of chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline is termed as chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) or chemo-brain. Doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used drug in adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer, has been reported to induce chemo-brain through a variety of mechanisms including DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulation of apoptosis and autophagy, changes in neurotransmitter levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell interactions, neurogenesis inhibition, and epigenetic factors. These mechanisms do not operate independently but are inter-related, coordinately contributing to the development of chemo-brain. Here we review the relationships of these mechanisms and pathways in attempt to provide mechanistic insights into the doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Du
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aoxue Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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40
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La Barbera L, Vedele F, Nobili A, Krashia P, Spoleti E, Latagliata EC, Cutuli D, Cauzzi E, Marino R, Viscomi MT, Petrosini L, Puglisi-Allegra S, Melone M, Keller F, Mercuri NB, Conti F, D'Amelio M. Nilotinib restores memory function by preventing dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102031. [PMID: 33684513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
What happens precociously to the brain destined to develop Alzheimer's Disease (AD) still remains to be elucidated and this is one reason why effective AD treatments are missing. Recent experimental and clinical studies indicate that the degeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) could be one of the first events occurring in AD. However, the causes of the increased vulnerability of DA neurons in AD are missing. Here, we deeply investigate the physiology of DA neurons in the VTA before, at the onset, and after onset of VTA neurodegeneration. We use the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, overexpressing a mutated form of the human APP, to identify molecular targets that can be manipulated pharmacologically. We show that in Tg2576 mice, DA neurons of the VTA at the onset of degeneration undergo slight but functionally relevant changes in their electrophysiological properties and cell morphology. Importantly, these changes are associated with accumulation of autophagosomes, suggestive of a dysfunctional autophagy, and with enhanced activation of c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase previously implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic treatment of Tg2576 mice with Nilotinib, a validated c-Abl inhibitor, reduces c-Abl phosphorylation, improves autophagy, reduces Aβ levels and - more importantly - prevents degeneration as well as functional and morphological alterations in DA neurons of the VTA. Interestingly, the drug prevents the reduction of DA outflow to the hippocampus and ameliorates hippocampal-related cognitive functions. Our results strive to identify early pathological brain changes in AD, to provide a rational basis for new therapeutic interventions able to slow down the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Francescangelo Vedele
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Spoleti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Debora Cutuli
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Cauzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ramona Marino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Life Science and Public Health Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Melone
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60020, Ancona, Italy; Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavio Keller
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60020, Ancona, Italy; Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), 60020, Ancona, Italy; Foundation for Molecular Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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41
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Espadas I, Ortiz O, García-Sanz P, Sanz-Magro A, Alberquilla S, Solis O, Delgado-García JM, Gruart A, Moratalla R. Dopamine D2R is Required for Hippocampal-dependent Memory and Plasticity at the CA3-CA1 Synapse. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2187-2204. [PMID: 33264389 PMCID: PMC7945019 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors play an important role in motivational, emotional, and motor responses. In addition, growing evidence suggests a key role of hippocampal dopamine receptors in learning and memory. It is well known that associative learning and synaptic plasticity of CA3-CA1 requires the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R). However, the specific role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) on memory-related neuroplasticity processes is still undefined. Here, by using two models of D2R loss, D2R knockout mice (Drd2-/-) and mice with intrahippocampal injections of Drd2-small interfering RNA (Drd2-siRNA), we aimed to investigate how D2R is involved in learning and memory as well as in long-term potentiation of the hippocampus. Our studies revealed that the genetic inactivation of D2R impaired the spatial memory, associative learning, and the classical conditioning of eyelid responses. Similarly, deletion of D2R reduced the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 synapse. Our results demonstrate the first direct evidence that D2R is essential in behaving mice for trace eye blink conditioning and associated changes in hippocampal synaptic strength. Taken together, these results indicate a key role of D2R in regulating hippocampal plasticity changes and, in consequence, acquisition and consolidation of spatial and associative forms of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espadas
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Oscar Ortiz
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Sanz
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanz-Magro
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Samuel Alberquilla
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Oscar Solis
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | | | - Agnès Gruart
- División de Neurociencias, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
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42
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Kramar CP, Castillo-Díaz F, Gigante ED, Medina JH, Barbano MF. The late consolidation of an aversive memory is promoted by VTA dopamine release in the dorsal hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:841-851. [PMID: 33617053 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in the processing and storage of aversive memories but the precise mechanisms by which these memories persist in time remain elusive. We have demonstrated that dopaminergic neurotransmission in the dorsal hippocampus regulates the long-term storage of both appetitive and aversive memories at a critical time point known as "late consolidation" (12 hr after the learning experience). This modulation appears to have opposite effects depending on the valence of the stimuli, with hippocampal dopamine release peaking immediately and 13-17 hr after a rewarding experience. Here, we determined the release pattern of hippocampal dopamine following an aversive experience, in order to better understand this opposite modulation process. We observed significant increases in dopamine levels at several times (6-8, 11-12, and 15 hr) after subjecting rats to a conditioned place aversion (CPA) task with the aversive agent lithium chloride (LiCl). Early pharmacological blockade of hippocampal DA receptors impaired CPA memory consolidation. In addition and consistent with previous findings showing that late post-training infusions of dopaminergic agents into the hippocampus modulate the long-term storage of aversive memories, we found that the photostimulation of dopaminergic VTA fibers in the dorsal hippocampus 11-12 hr after CPA training was enough to transform a short-lasting long-term memory into a long-lasting one. The fact that the persistence of an aversive memory can still be affected several hours after the learning experience opens new avenues to develop behavioral and pharmacological strategies for the treatment of a variety of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia P Kramar
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Castillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D Gigante
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA/NIH), Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Flavia Barbano
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA/NIH), Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD, USA
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43
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Zhang X, Liu L, Long G, Jiang J, Liu S. Episodic memory governs choices: An RNN-based reinforcement learning model for decision-making task. Neural Netw 2020; 134:1-10. [PMID: 33276194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Typical methods to study cognitive function are to record the electrical activities of animal neurons during the training of animals performing behavioral tasks. A key problem is that they fail to record all the relevant neurons in the animal brain. To alleviate this problem, we develop an RNN-based Actor-Critic framework, which is trained through reinforcement learning (RL) to solve two tasks analogous to the monkeys' decision-making tasks. The trained model is capable of reproducing some features of neural activities recorded from animal brain, or some behavior properties exhibited in animal experiments, suggesting that it can serve as a computational platform to explore other cognitive functions. Furthermore, we conduct behavioral experiments on our framework, trying to explore an open question in neuroscience: which episodic memory in the hippocampus should be selected to ultimately govern future decisions. We find that the retrieval of salient events sampled from episodic memories can effectively shorten deliberation time than common events in the decision-making process. The results indicate that salient events stored in the hippocampus could be prioritized to propagate reward information, and thus allow decision-makers to learn a strategy faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guodong Long
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jing Jiang
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shenquan Liu
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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44
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Sharp ME, Duncan K, Foerde K, Shohamy D. Dopamine is associated with prioritization of reward-associated memories in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2020; 143:2519-2531. [PMID: 32844197 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease have reduced reward sensitivity related to dopaminergic neuron loss, which is associated with impairments in reinforcement learning. Increasingly, however, dopamine-dependent reward signals are recognized to play an important role beyond reinforcement learning. In particular, it has been shown that reward signals mediated by dopamine help guide the prioritization of events for long-term memory consolidation. Meanwhile, studies of memory in patients with Parkinson's disease have focused on overall memory capacity rather than what is versus what isn't remembered, leaving open questions about the effect of dopamine replacement on the prioritization of memories by reward and the time-dependence of this effect. The current study sought to fill this gap by testing the effect of reward and dopamine on memory in patients with Parkinson's disease. We tested the effect of dopamine modulation and reward on two forms of long-term memory: episodic memory for neutral objects and memory for stimulus-value associations. We measured both forms of memory in a single task, adapting a standard task of reinforcement learning with incidental episodic encoding events of trial-unique objects. Objects were presented on each trial at the time of feedback, which was either rewarding or not. Memory for the trial-unique images and for the stimulus-value associations, and the influence of reward on both, was tested immediately after learning and 2 days later. We measured performance in Parkinson's disease patients tested either ON or OFF their dopaminergic medications and in healthy older control subjects. We found that dopamine was associated with a selective enhancement of memory for reward-associated images, but that it did not influence overall memory capacity. Contrary to predictions, this effect did not differ between the immediate and delayed memory tests. We also found that while dopamine had an effect on reward-modulated episodic memory, there was no effect of dopamine on memory for stimulus-value associations. Our results suggest that impaired prioritization of cognitive resource allocation may contribute to the early cognitive deficits of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Sharp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Duncan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karin Foerde
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind, Brain, Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Chen PS, Jamil A, Liu LC, Wei SY, Tseng HH, Nitsche MA, Kuo MF. Nonlinear Effects of Dopamine D1 Receptor Activation on Visuomotor Coordination Task Performance. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5346-5355. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dopamine plays an important role in the modulation of neuroplasticity, which serves as the physiological basis of cognition. The physiological effects of dopamine depend on receptor subtypes, and the D1 receptor is critically involved in learning and memory formation. Evidence from both animal and human studies shows a dose-dependent impact of D1 activity on performance. However, the direct association between physiology and behavior in humans remains unclear. In this study, four groups of healthy participants were recruited, and each group received placebo or medication inducing a low, medium, or high amount of D1 activation via the combination of levodopa and a D2 antagonist. After medication, fMRI was conducted during a visuomotor learning task. The behavioral results revealed an inverted U-shaped effect of D1 activation on task performance, where medium-dose D1 activation led to superior learning effects, as compared to placebo as well as low- and high-dose groups. A respective dose-dependent D1 modulation was also observed for cortical activity revealed by fMRI. Further analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between task performance and cortical activation at the left primary motor cortex. Our results indicate a nonlinear curve of D1 modulation on motor learning in humans and the respective physiological correlates in corresponding brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Asif Jamil
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Lin-Cho Liu
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Shyh-Yuh Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
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Samanta A, Alonso A, Genzel L. Memory reactivations and consolidation: considering neuromodulators across wake and sleep. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Kurzina NP, Aristova IY, Volnova AB, Gainetdinov RR. Deficit in working memory and abnormal behavioral tactics in dopamine transporter knockout rats during training in the 8-arm maze. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112642. [PMID: 32428629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of the dopamine system in learning and memory processes is very important for uncovering central mechanisms underlying complex behavioral responses that can be impaired in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders caused by dopamine system dysfunction. One of the most useful animal models for dopaminergic dysregulation is the strain of dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats that have no dopamine re-uptake and thus elevated extracellular dopamine levels. It is known that dopamine is involved in various cognitive processes such as learning, memory and attention. This investigation was focused on the ability of DAT-KO rats to learn and perform a behavioral task in the 8-arm radial maze test. It was found that DAT-KO rats are able to learn the behavioral task, but the level of task performance did not reach that of WT group. The behavioral tactics used by animals during training significantly differ in mutants. The behavioral tactics used by DAT-KO rats involved perseverations and resulted in worse task fulfillment in comparison to wild-type controls. The data obtained indicate that deficient dopamine reuptake results in an impairment of working memory and perseverative behavioral tactics in DAT-KO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Kurzina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Y Aristova
- Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A B Volnova
- Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - R R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Aberg KC, Kramer EE, Schwartz S. Interplay between midbrain and dorsal anterior cingulate regions arbitrates lingering reward effects on memory encoding. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1829. [PMID: 32286275 PMCID: PMC7156375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rewarding events enhance memory encoding via dopaminergic influences on hippocampal plasticity. Phasic dopamine release depends on immediate reward magnitude, but presumably also on tonic dopamine levels, which may vary as a function of the average accumulation of reward over time. Using model-based fMRI in combination with a novel associative memory task, we show that immediate reward magnitude exerts a monotonically increasing influence on the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and hippocampal activity during encoding, and enhances memory. By contrast, average reward levels modulate feedback-related responses in the VTA and hippocampus in a non-linear (inverted U-shape) fashion, with similar effects on memory performance. Additionally, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) monotonically tracks average reward levels, while VTA-dACC functional connectivity is non-linearly modulated (inverted U-shape) by average reward. We propose that the dACC computes the net behavioral impact of average reward and relays this information to memory circuitry via the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Elizabeth Kramer
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Loprinzi PD. Effects of Exercise on Long-Term Potentiation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:439-451. [PMID: 32342476 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, demonstrate evidence of impaired long-term potentiation, a cellular correlate of episodic memory function. This chapter discusses the mechanistic effects of these neuropsychiatric conditions on long-term potentiation and how exercise may help to attenuate these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Exercise and Memory Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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