1
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Wood DJ, Huebschman JL, Martinez D, Tsvetkov E, Snyder K, Tjhia R, Kumar J, Hughes BW, Taniguchi M, Smith LN, Cowan CW, Penrod RD. The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) functions in a cell type- and sex-specific manner in the adult nucleus accumbens to regulate non-contingent cocaine behaviors. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12910. [PMID: 39164860 PMCID: PMC11335578 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Repeated cocaine use produces adaptations in brain function that contribute to long-lasting behaviors associated with cocaine use disorder (CUD). In rodents, the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) can regulate glutamatergic synaptic transmission, and cocaine regulates Arc expression and subcellular localization in multiple brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc)-a brain region linked to CUD-related behavior. We show here that repeated, non-contingent cocaine administration in global Arc KO male mice produced a dramatic hypersensitization of cocaine locomotor responses and drug experience-dependent sensitization of conditioned place preference (CPP). In contrast to the global Arc KO mice, viral-mediated reduction of Arc in the adult male, but not female, NAc (shArcNAc) reduced both CPP and cocaine-induced locomotor activity, but without altering basal miniature or evoked glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Interestingly, cell type-specific knockdown of Arc in D1 dopamine receptor-expressing NAc neurons reduced cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization, but not cocaine CPP; whereas, Arc knockdown in D2 dopamine receptor-expressing NAc neurons reduced cocaine CPP, but not cocaine-induced locomotion. Taken together, our findings reveal that global, developmental loss of Arc produces hypersensitized cocaine responses; however, these effects cannot be explained by Arc's function in the adult mouse NAc since Arc is required in a cell type- and sex-specific manner to support cocaine-context associations and locomotor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wood
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jessica L. Huebschman
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dalia Martinez
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Evgeny Tsvetkov
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kirsten Snyder
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Raymond Tjhia
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental TherapeuticsTexas A&M University Health Science CenterBryanTexasUSA
| | - Jaswinder Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Brandon W. Hughes
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Laura N. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Neuroscience and Experimental TherapeuticsTexas A&M University Health Science CenterBryanTexasUSA
| | - Christopher W. Cowan
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Rachel D. Penrod
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Yakout DW, Shroff A, Wei W, Thaker V, Allen ZD, Sajish M, Nazarko TY, Mabb AM. Tau regulates Arc stability in neuronal dendrites via a proteasome-sensitive but ubiquitin-independent pathway. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107237. [PMID: 38552740 PMCID: PMC11061231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau, a main component of neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of tauopathy and dementia, with amyloid-beta pathology as an additional hallmark feature of the disease. Besides its role in stabilizing microtubules, tau is localized at postsynaptic sites and can regulate synaptic plasticity. The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is an immediate early gene that plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Arc has been implicated in AD pathogenesis and regulates the release of amyloid-beta. We found that decreased Arc levels correlate with AD status and disease severity. Importantly, Arc protein was upregulated in the hippocampus of Tau KO mice and dendrites of Tau KO primary hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of tau decreased Arc stability in an activity-dependent manner, exclusively in neuronal dendrites, which was coupled to an increase in the expression of dendritic and somatic surface GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. The tau-dependent decrease in Arc was found to be proteasome-sensitive, yet independent of Arc ubiquitination and required the endophilin-binding domain of Arc. Importantly, these effects on Arc stability and GluA1 localization were not observed in the commonly studied tau mutant, P301L. These observations provide a potential molecular basis for synaptic dysfunction mediated through the accumulation of tau in dendrites. Our findings confirm that Arc is misregulated in AD and further show a physiological role for tau in regulating Arc stability and AMPA receptor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina W Yakout
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ankit Shroff
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vishrut Thaker
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary D Allen
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Taras Y Nazarko
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Angela M Mabb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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3
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Godoy Muñoz JM, Neset L, Markússon S, Weber S, Krokengen OC, Sutinen A, Christakou E, Lopez AJ, Bramham CR, Kursula P. Structural characterization of two nanobodies targeting the ligand-binding pocket of human Arc. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300453. [PMID: 38683783 PMCID: PMC11057775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is a complex regulator of synaptic plasticity in glutamatergic neurons. Understanding its molecular function is key to elucidate the neurobiology of memory and learning, stress regulation, and multiple neurological and psychiatric diseases. The recent development of anti-Arc nanobodies has promoted the characterization of the molecular structure and function of Arc. This study aimed to validate two anti-Arc nanobodies, E5 and H11, as selective modulators of the human Arc N-lobe (Arc-NL), a domain that mediates several molecular functions of Arc through its peptide ligand binding site. The structural characteristics of recombinant Arc-NL-nanobody complexes were solved at atomic resolution using X-ray crystallography. Both anti-Arc nanobodies bind specifically to the multi-peptide binding site of Arc-NL. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the Arc-NL-nanobody interactions occur at nanomolar affinity, and that the nanobodies can displace a TARPγ2-derived peptide from the binding site. Thus, both anti-Arc-NL nanobodies could be used as competitive inhibitors of endogenous Arc ligands. Differences in the CDR3 loops between the two nanobodies indicate that the spectrum of short linear motifs recognized by the Arc-NL should be expanded. We provide a robust biochemical background to support the use of anti-Arc nanobodies in attempts to target Arc-dependent synaptic plasticity. Function-blocking anti-Arc nanobodies could eventually help unravel the complex neurobiology of synaptic plasticity and allow to develop diagnostic and treatment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Neset
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sarah Weber
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Andrea J. Lopez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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4
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DeVault L, Mateusiak C, Palucki J, Brent M, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. The response of Dual-leucine zipper kinase (DLK) to nocodazole: Evidence for a homeostatic cytoskeletal repair mechanism. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300539. [PMID: 38574058 PMCID: PMC10994325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling. Activation of DLK signaling results in a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature, which we identify through RNA-seq. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes. We identify alterations to the cytoskeleton including actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeVault
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chase Mateusiak
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - John Palucki
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael Brent
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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5
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Yelhekar TD, Meng M, Doupe J, Lin Y. All IEGs Are Not Created Equal-Molecular Sorting Within the Memory Engram. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:81-109. [PMID: 39008012 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
When neurons are recruited to form the memory engram, they are driven to activate the expression of a series of immediate-early genes (IEGs). While these IEGs have been used relatively indiscriminately to identify the so-called engram neurons, recent research has demonstrated that different IEG ensembles can be physically and functionally distinct within the memory engram. This inherent heterogeneity of the memory engram is driven by the diversity in the functions and distributions of different IEGs. This process, which we call molecular sorting, is analogous to sorting the entire population of engram neurons into different sub-engrams molecularly defined by different IEGs. In this chapter, we will describe the molecular sorting process by systematically reviewing published work on engram ensemble cells defined by the following four major IEGs: Fos, Npas4, Arc, and Egr1. By comparing and contrasting these likely different components of the memory engram, we hope to gain a better understanding of the logic and significance behind the molecular sorting process for memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar D Yelhekar
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Meizhen Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joslyn Doupe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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6
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Atta-Ur-Rahman. Protein Folding and Molecular Basis of Memory: Molecular Vibrations and Quantum Entanglement as Basis of Consciousness. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:258-265. [PMID: 37424348 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230707123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta-Ur-Rahman
- Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1st, United Kingdom
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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7
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Haley M, Bertrand J, Anderson VT, Fuad M, Frenguelli BG, Corrêa SAL, Wall MJ. Arc expression regulates long-term potentiation magnitude and metaplasticity in area CA1 of the hippocampus in ArcKR mice. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4166-4180. [PMID: 37821126 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 (Arc), a key mediator of synaptic plasticity, is enhanced by neural activity and then reduced by proteasome-dependent degradation. We have previously shown that the disruption of Arc degradation, in an Arc knock-in mouse (ArcKR), where the predominant Arc ubiquitination sites were mutated, reduced the threshold to induce, and also enhanced, the strength of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long-term depression (DHPG-LTD). Here, we have investigated if ArcKR expression changes long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 area of the hippocampus. As previously reported, there was no change in basal synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral/commissural-CA1 (SC-CA1) synapses in ArcKR versus wild-type (WT) mice. There was, however, a significant increase in the amplitude of synaptically induced (with low frequency paired-pulse stimulation) LTD in ArcKR mice. Theta burst stimulation (TBS)-evoked LTP at SC-CA1 synapses was significantly reduced in ArcKR versus WT mice (after 2 h). Group 1 mGluR priming of LTP was abolished in ArcKR mice, which could also potentially contribute to a depression of LTP. Although high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced LTP was not significantly different in ArcKR compared with WT mice (after 1 h), there was a phenotype in environmentally enriched mice, with the ratio of LTP to short-term potentiation (STP) significantly reduced in ArcKR mice. These findings support the hypothesis that Arc ubiquitination supports the induction and expression of LTP, likely via limiting Arc-dependent removal of AMPA receptors at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisy Haley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jeanri Bertrand
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Mukattar Fuad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, John Dalton Building, Room E210, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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8
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DeVault L, Mateusiak C, Palucki J, Brent M, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. The response of Dual-Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) to nocodazole: evidence for a homeostatic cytoskeletal repair mechanism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561227. [PMID: 37873434 PMCID: PMC10592635 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that a) low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling and b) DLK signaling mitigates the microtubule damage caused by the cytoskeletal perturbation. We also perform RNA-seq to discover a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes and promoting actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
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9
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Chen Y, Wang X, Xiao B, Luo Z, Long H. Mechanisms and Functions of Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein in Synaptic Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5738-5754. [PMID: 37338805 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is one of the most important regulators of cognitive functions in the brain regions. As a hub protein, Arc plays different roles in modulating synaptic plasticity. Arc supports the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) by regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics, while it guides the endocytosis of AMPAR in long-term depression (LTD). Moreover, Arc can self-assemble into capsids, leading to a new way of communicating among neurons. The transcription and translation of the immediate early gene Arc are rigorous procedures guided by numerous factors, and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is considered to regulate the precise timing dynamics of gene expression. Since astrocytes can secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and L-lactate, their unique roles in Arc expression are emphasized. Here, we review the entire process of Arc expression and summarize the factors that can affect Arc expression and function, including noncoding RNAs, transcription factors, and posttranscriptional regulations. We also attempt to review the functional states and mechanisms of Arc in modulating synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the roles of Arc in the occurrence of major neurological disorders and provide new thoughts for future research on Arc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008.
| | - Hongyu Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008.
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10
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Das S, Lituma PJ, Castillo PE, Singer RH. Maintenance of a short-lived protein required for long-term memory involves cycles of transcription and local translation. Neuron 2023; 111:2051-2064.e6. [PMID: 37100055 PMCID: PMC10330212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) is critical for long-term synaptic remodeling and memory. It remains unknown how IEGs are maintained for memory despite rapid transcript and protein turnover. To address this conundrum, we monitored Arc, an IEG essential for memory consolidation. Using a knockin mouse where endogenous Arc alleles were fluorescently tagged, we performed real-time imaging of Arc mRNA dynamics in individual neurons in cultures and brain tissue. Unexpectedly, a single burst stimulation was sufficient to induce cycles of transcriptional reactivation in the same neuron. Subsequent transcription cycles required translation, whereby new Arc proteins engaged in autoregulatory positive feedback to reinduce transcription. The ensuing Arc mRNAs preferentially localized at sites marked by previous Arc protein, assembling a "hotspot" of translation, and consolidating "hubs" of dendritic Arc. These cycles of transcription-translation coupling sustain protein expression and provide a mechanism by which a short-lived event may support long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Das
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Program in RNA Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Pablo J Lituma
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Program in RNA Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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11
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Escobar I, Xu J, Jackson CW, Stegelmann SD, Fagerli EA, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA. Resveratrol Preconditioning Protects Against Ischemia-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Cofilin Hyperactivation in the Mouse Hippocampal Slice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1177-1197. [PMID: 37208551 PMCID: PMC10457274 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in synaptic function are major determinants of several neurological diseases and have been associated with cognitive impairments after cerebral ischemia (CI). Although the mechanisms underlying CI-induced synaptic dysfunction have not been well defined, evidence suggests that early hyperactivation of the actin-binding protein, cofilin, plays a role. Given that synaptic impairments manifest shortly after CI, prophylactic strategies may offer a better approach to prevent/mitigate synaptic damage following an ischemic event. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that resveratrol preconditioning (RPC) promotes cerebral ischemic tolerance, with many groups highlighting beneficial effects of resveratrol treatment on synaptic and cognitive function in other neurological conditions. Herein, we hypothesized that RPC would mitigate hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and pathological cofilin hyperactivation in an ex vivo model of ischemia. Various electrophysiological parameters and synaptic-related protein expression changes were measured under normal and ischemic conditions utilizing acute hippocampal slices derived from adult male mice treated with resveratrol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle 48 h prior. Remarkably, RPC significantly increased the latency to anoxic depolarization, decreased cytosolic calcium accumulation, prevented aberrant increases in synaptic transmission, and rescued deficits in long-term potentiation following ischemia. Additionally, RPC upregulated the expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein, Arc, which was partially required for RPC-mediated attenuation of cofilin hyperactivation. Taken together, these findings support a role for RPC in mitigating CI-induced excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, and pathological over-activation of cofilin. Our study provides further insight into mechanisms underlying RPC-mediated neuroprotection against CI and implicates RPC as a promising strategy to preserve synaptic function after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Escobar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Charles W Jackson
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Samuel D Stegelmann
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Eric A Fagerli
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
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12
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Mergiya TF, Gundersen JET, Kanhema T, Brighter G, Ishizuka Y, Bramham CR. Detection of Arc/Arg3.1 oligomers in rat brain: constitutive and synaptic activity-evoked dimer expression in vivo. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1142361. [PMID: 37363319 PMCID: PMC10289200 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate early gene product activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc or Arg3.1) is a major regulator of long-term synaptic plasticity with critical roles in postnatal cortical development and memory formation. However, the molecular basis of Arc function is undefined. Arc is a hub protein with interaction partners in the postsynaptic neuronal compartment and nucleus. Previous in vitro biochemical and biophysical analysis of purified recombinant Arc showed formation of low-order oligomers and larger particles including retrovirus-like capsids. Here, we provide evidence for naturally occurring Arc oligomers in the mammalian brain. Using in situ protein crosslinking to trap weak Arc-Arc interactions, we identified in various preparations a prominent Arc immunoreactive band on SDS-PAGE of molecular mass corresponding to a dimer. While putative trimers, tetramers and heavier Arc species were detected, they were of lower abundance. Stimulus-evoked induction of Arc expression and dimer formation was first demonstrated in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with the muscarinic cholinergic agonist, carbachol, and in primary cortical neuronal cultures treated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult anesthetized rats, induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of medial perforant synapses or by brief intrahippocampal infusion of BDNF led to a massive increase in Arc dimer expression. Arc immunoprecipitation of crosslinked DG tissue showed enhanced dimer expression during 4 h of LTP maintenance. Mass spectrometric proteomic analysis of immunoprecipitated, gel-excised bands corroborated detection of Arc dimer. Furthermore, Arc dimer was constitutively expressed in naïve cortical, hippocampal and DG tissue, with the lowest levels in the DG. Taken together the results implicate Arc dimer as the predominant low-oligomeric form in mammalian brain, exhibiting regional differences in its constitutive expression and enhanced synaptic activity-evoked expression in LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadiwos F. Mergiya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Edvard Trygstad Gundersen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tambudzai Kanhema
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grant Brighter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yuta Ishizuka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clive R. Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Patil S, Chalkiadaki K, Mergiya TF, Krimbacher K, Amorim IS, Akerkar S, Gkogkas CG, Bramham CR. eIF4E phosphorylation recruits β-catenin to mRNA cap and promotes Wnt pathway translation in dentate gyrus LTP maintenance. iScience 2023; 26:106649. [PMID: 37250335 PMCID: PMC10214474 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA cap-binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), is crucial for translation and regulated by Ser209 phosphorylation. However, the biochemical and physiological role of eIF4E phosphorylation in translational control of long-term synaptic plasticity is unknown. We demonstrate that phospho-ablated Eif4eS209A Knockin mice are profoundly impaired in dentate gyrus LTP maintenance in vivo, whereas basal perforant path-evoked transmission and LTP induction are intact. mRNA cap-pulldown assays show that phosphorylation is required for synaptic activity-induced removal of translational repressors from eIF4E, allowing initiation complex formation. Using ribosome profiling, we identified selective, phospho-eIF4E-dependent translation of the Wnt signaling pathway in LTP. Surprisingly, the canonical Wnt effector, β-catenin, was massively recruited to the eIF4E cap complex following LTP induction in wild-type, but not Eif4eS209A, mice. These results demonstrate a critical role for activity-evoked eIF4E phosphorylation in dentate gyrus LTP maintenance, remodeling of the mRNA cap-binding complex, and specific translation of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kleanthi Chalkiadaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Tadiwos F. Mergiya
- Department of Biomedicine Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Konstanze Krimbacher
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, UK
| | - Inês S. Amorim
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shreeram Akerkar
- Department of Biomedicine Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christos G. Gkogkas
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Clive R. Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Kudryashova I. Presynaptic Plasticity Is Associated with Actin Polymerization. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:392-403. [PMID: 37076285 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of presynaptic short-term plasticity induced by actin polymerization was studied in rat hippocampal slices using the paired-pulse paradigm. Schaffer collaterals were stimulated with paired pulses with a 70-ms interstimulus interval every 30 s before and during perfusion with jasplakinolide, an activator of actin polymerization. Jasplakinolide application resulted in the increase in the amplitudes of CA3-CA1 responses (potentiation) accompanied by a decrease in the paired-pulse facilitation, suggesting induction of presynaptic modifications. Jasplakinolide-induced potentiation depended on the initial paired-pulse rate. These data indicate that the jasplakinolide-mediated changes in actin polymerization increased the probability of neurotransmitter release. Less typical for CA3-CA1 synapses responses, such as a very low paired-pulse ratio (close to 1 or even lower) or even paired-pulse depression, were affected differently. Thus, jasplakinolide caused potentiation of the second, but not the first response to the paired stimulus, which increased the paired-pulse ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 on average, suggesting a negative impact of jasplakinolide on the mechanisms promoting paired-pulse depression. In general, actin polymerization facilitated potentiation, although the patterns of potentiation differed depending on the initial synapse characteristics. We conclude that in addition to the increase in the neurotransmitter release probability, jasplakinolide induced other actin polymerization-dependent mechanisms, including those involved in the paired-pulse depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kudryashova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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15
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Arc-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity Regulates Cognitive Function in a Migraine Mouse Model. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020331. [PMID: 36831874 PMCID: PMC9954307 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical and basic studies have shown that migraine is associated with cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. It severely affects the quality of life. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: IS group, IS+M group, and IS+S group with repeated application of dural inflammatory soup (IS) stimulation to establish a migraine model, followed by PBS, memantine, and sumatriptan interventions, respectively; the blank control group underwent the same treatment procedure but with PBS instead of IS and intervention drugs. The cognitive function of the mice was used as the main outcome indicator. After application of the IS, mice showed reduced pain threshold for mechanical stimulation, decreased learning memory capacity, attention deficit, a reduced number of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons, and altered synaptic ultrastructure. The cognitive function indexes of mice in the IS+M group recovered with changes in Arc protein expression to a level not statistically different from that of the Control group, while the IS and IS+S groups remained at lower levels. The present results suggest that Arc-mediated synaptic plasticity may be an essential mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in migraine.
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16
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Dysregulated Signaling at Postsynaptic Density: A Systematic Review and Translational Appraisal for the Pathophysiology, Clinics, and Antipsychotics' Treatment of Schizophrenia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040574. [PMID: 36831241 PMCID: PMC9954794 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from genomics, post-mortem, and preclinical studies point to a potential dysregulation of molecular signaling at postsynaptic density (PSD) in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The PSD that identifies the archetypal asymmetric synapse is a structure of approximately 300 nm in diameter, localized behind the neuronal membrane in the glutamatergic synapse, and constituted by more than 1000 proteins, including receptors, adaptors, kinases, and scaffold proteins. Furthermore, using FASS (fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting) techniques, glutamatergic synaptosomes were isolated at around 70 nm, where the receptors anchored to the PSD proteins can diffuse laterally along the PSD and were stabilized by scaffold proteins in nanodomains of 50-80 nm at a distance of 20-40 nm creating "nanocolumns" within the synaptic button. In this context, PSD was envisioned as a multimodal hub integrating multiple signaling-related intracellular functions. Dysfunctions of glutamate signaling have been postulated in schizophrenia, starting from the glutamate receptor's interaction with scaffolding proteins involved in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Despite the emerging role of PSD proteins in behavioral disorders, there is currently no systematic review that integrates preclinical and clinical findings addressing dysregulated PSD signaling and translational implications for antipsychotic treatment in the aberrant postsynaptic function context. Here we reviewed a critical appraisal of the role of dysregulated PSD proteins signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, discussing how antipsychotics may affect PSD structures and synaptic plasticity in brain regions relevant to psychosis.
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17
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Chong YS, Wong LW, Gaunt J, Lee YJ, Goh CS, Morris RGM, Ch'ng TH, Sajikumar S. Distinct contributions of ventral CA1/amygdala co-activation to the induction and maintenance of synaptic plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:676-690. [PMID: 35253866 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is known to modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity. One role could be an immediate effect of basolateral amygdala (BLA) in priming synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Another role could be through associative synaptic co-operation and competition that triggers events involved in the maintenance of synaptic potentiation. We present evidence that the timing and activity level of BLA stimulation are important factors for the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in ventral hippocampal area CA1. A 100 Hz BLA co-stimulation facilitated the induction of LTP, whereas 200 Hz co-stimulation attenuated induction. A 100 Hz BLA co-stimulation also caused enhanced persistence, sufficient to prevent synaptic competition. This maintenance effect is likely through translational mechanisms, as mRNA expression of primary response genes was unaffected, whereas protein level of plasticity-related products was increased. Further understanding of the neural mechanisms of amygdala modulation on hippocampus could provide insights into the mechanisms of emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Song Chong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SIngapore 117597, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Lik-Wei Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SIngapore 117597, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Jessica Gaunt
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yan Jun Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, Singapore
| | - Cai Shan Goh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SIngapore 117597, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland
| | - Toh Hean Ch'ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SIngapore 117597, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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18
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Fan H, Wang Y, Zou Y, Song W, Xie J, Tang X, Chen S. ARC/Arg3.1 expression in the lateral geniculate body of monocular form deprivation amblyopic kittens. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36597053 PMCID: PMC9809052 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC/Arg3.1) in the lateral geniculate body between form deprivation amblyopia kittens and normal kittens to examine the significance of ARC/Arg3.1 in the lateral geniculate body in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. METHODS Twenty kittens were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10). Black opaque covering cloth was used to cover the right eye of kittens in the experimental group. Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were detected weekly in all kittens. The expression of the ARC/Arg3.1 gene was detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and apoptosis of lateral geniculate body cells was detected by TUNEL. RESULTS PVEP detection showed that at the age of 5 and 7 weeks, the latency of P100 in the right eye of the experimental group was higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05), and the amplitude of P100 was lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). The expression of ARC/Arg3.1 protein (P < 0.05) and mRNA (P < 0.05) in the lateral geniculate body of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The level of neuronal apoptosis in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of the ARC/Arg3.1 gene was negatively correlated with the apoptosis level of lateral geniculate body neurons. CONCLUSIONS The expression of ARC/Arg3.1 is associated with monocular form deprivation amblyopia and apoptosis of lateral geniculate body cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Fan
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yunchun Zou
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China.
| | - Weiqi Song
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiuping Tang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
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19
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Eriksen MS, Bramham CR. Molecular physiology of Arc/Arg3.1: The oligomeric state hypothesis of synaptic plasticity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13886. [PMID: 36073248 PMCID: PMC9787330 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The immediate early gene, Arc, is a pivotal regulator of synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive flexibility. But what is Arc protein? How does it work? Inside the neuron, Arc is a protein interaction hub and dynamic regulator of intra-cellular signaling in synaptic plasticity. In remarkable contrast, Arc can also self-assemble into retrovirus-like capsids that are released in extracellular vesicles and capable of intercellular transfer of RNA. Elucidation of the molecular basis of Arc hub and capsid functions, and the relationship between them, is vital for progress. Here, we discuss recent findings on Arc structure-function and regulation of oligomerization that are giving insight into the molecular physiology of Arc. The unique features of mammalian Arc are emphasized, while drawing comparisons with Drosophila Arc and retroviral Gag. The Arc N-terminal domain, found only in mammals, is proposed to play a key role in regulating Arc hub signaling, oligomerization, and formation of capsids. Bringing together several lines of evidence, we hypothesize that Arc function in synaptic plasticity-long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD)-are dictated by different oligomeric forms of Arc. Specifically, monomer/dimer function in LTP, tetramer function in basic LTD, and 32-unit oligomer function in enhanced LTD. The role of mammalian Arc capsids is unclear but likely depends on the cross-section of captured neuronal activity-induced RNAs. As the functional states of Arc are revealed, it may be possible to selectively manipulate specific forms of Arc-dependent plasticity and intercellular communication involved in brain function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clive R. Bramham
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Mohn Research Center for the BrainUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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20
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Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Changes in Behavior through Domestication of Gray Rats: Quantitative Data from RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012269. [PMID: 36293128 PMCID: PMC9603081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on hereditary fixation of the tame-behavior phenotype during animal domestication remain relevant and important because they are of both basic research and applied significance. In model animals, gray rats Rattus norvegicus bred for either an enhancement or reduction in defensive response to humans, for the first time, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to investigate differential expression of genes in tissue samples from the tegmental region of the midbrain in 2-month-old rats showing either tame or aggressive behavior. A total of 42 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; adjusted p-value < 0.01 and fold-change > 2) were identified, with 20 upregulated and 22 downregulated genes in the tissue samples from tame rats compared with aggressive rats. Among them, three genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) were detected: Ascl3 was upregulated, whereas Fos and Fosb were downregulated in tissue samples from the brains of tame rats brain. Other DEGs were annotated as associated with extracellular matrix components, transporter proteins, the neurotransmitter system, signaling molecules, and immune system proteins. We believe that these DEGs encode proteins that constitute a multifactorial system determining the behavior for which the rats have been artificially selected. We demonstrated that several structural subtypes of E-box motifs—known as binding sites for many developmental TFs of the bHLH class, including the ASCL subfamily of TFs—are enriched in the set of promoters of the DEGs downregulated in the tissue samples of tame rats’. Because ASCL3 may act as a repressor on target genes of other developmental TFs of the bHLH class, we hypothesize that the expression of TF gene Ascl3 in tame rats indicates longer neurogenesis (as compared to aggressive rats), which is a sign of neoteny and domestication. Thus, our domestication model shows a new function of TF ASCL3: it may play the most important role in behavioral changes in animals.
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21
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Real-time imaging of Arc/Arg3.1 transcription ex vivo reveals input-specific immediate early gene dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123373119. [PMID: 36095210 PMCID: PMC9499544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123373119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of neurons to process and store salient environmental features underlies information processing in the brain. Long-term information storage requires synaptic plasticity and regulation of gene expression. While distinct patterns of activity have been linked to synaptic plasticity, their impact on immediate early gene (IEG) expression remains poorly understood. The activity regulated cytoskeleton associated (Arc) gene has received wide attention as an IEG critical for long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. Yet, to date, the transcriptional dynamics of Arc in response to compartment and input-specific activity is unclear. By developing a knock-in mouse to fluorescently tag Arc alleles, we studied real-time transcription dynamics after stimulation of dentate granule cells (GCs) in acute hippocampal slices. To our surprise, we found that Arc transcription displayed distinct temporal kinetics depending on the activation of excitatory inputs that convey functionally distinct information, i.e., medial and lateral perforant paths (MPP and LPP, respectively). Moreover, the transcriptional dynamics of Arc after synaptic stimulation was similar to direct activation of GCs, although the contribution of ionotropic glutamate receptors, L-type voltage-gated calcium channel, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differed. Specifically, we observed an ER-mediated synapse-to-nucleus signal that supported elevations in nuclear calcium and, thereby, rapid induction of Arc transcription following MPP stimulation. By delving into the complex excitation-transcription coupling for Arc, our findings highlight how different synaptic inputs may encode information by modulating transcription dynamics of an IEG linked to learning and memory.
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22
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Myrum C, Moreno-Castilla P, Rapp PR. 'Arc'-hitecture of normal cognitive aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101678. [PMID: 35781092 PMCID: PMC9378697 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arc is an effector immediate-early gene that is critical for forming long-term memories. Since its discovery 25 years ago, it has repeatedly surprised us with a number of intriguing properties, including the transport of its mRNA to recently-activated synapses, its master role in bidirectionally regulating synaptic strength, its evolutionary retroviral origins, its ability to mediate intercellular transfer between neurons via extracellular vesicles (EVs), and its exceptional regulation-both temporally and spatially. The current review discusses how Arc has been used as a tool to identify the neural networks involved in cognitive aging and how Arc itself may contribute to cognitive outcome in aging. In addition, we raise several outstanding questions, including whether Arc-containing EVs in peripheral blood might provide a noninvasive biomarker for memory-related synaptic failure in aging, and whether rectifying Arc dysregulation is likely to be an effective strategy for bending the arc of aging toward successful cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Myrum
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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23
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Ishizuka Y, Mergiya TF, Baldinotti R, Xu J, Hallin EI, Markússon S, Kursula P, Bramham CR. Development and Validation of Arc Nanobodies: New Tools for Probing Arc Dynamics and Function. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2656-2666. [PMID: 35307777 PMCID: PMC9463278 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein plays key roles in long-term synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive flexibility. However, an integral understanding of Arc mechanisms is lacking. Arc is proposed to function as an interaction hub in neuronal dendrites and the nucleus, yet Arc can also form retrovirus-like capsids with proposed roles in intercellular communication. Here, we sought to develop anti-Arc nanobodies (ArcNbs) as new tools for probing Arc dynamics and function. Six ArcNbs representing different clonal lines were selected from immunized alpaca. Immunoblotting with recombinant ArcNbs fused to a small ALFA-epitope tag demonstrated binding to recombinant Arc as well as endogenous Arc from rat cortical tissue. ALFA-tagged ArcNb also provided efficient immunoprecipitation of stimulus-induced Arc after carbachol-treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and induction of long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Epitope mapping showed that all Nbs recognize the Arc C-terminal region containing the retroviral Gag capsid homology domain, comprised of tandem N- and C-lobes. ArcNbs E5 and H11 selectively bound the N-lobe, which harbors a peptide ligand binding pocket specific to mammals. Four additional ArcNbs bound the region containing the C-lobe and C-terminal tail. For use as genetically encoded fluorescent intrabodies, we show that ArcNbs fused to mScarlet-I are uniformly expressed, without aggregation, in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK293FT cells. Finally, mScarlet-I-ArcNb H11 expressed as intrabody selectively bound the N-lobe and enabled co-immunoprecipitation of full-length intracellular Arc. ArcNbs are versatile tools for live-cell labeling and purification of Arc, and interrogation of Arc capsid domain specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ishizuka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Tadiwos F Mergiya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Research on the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Research on the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ju Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik I Hallin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigurbjörn Markússon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
- Mohn Center for Research on the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Mahringer D, Zmarz P, Okuno H, Bito H, Keller GB. Functional correlates of immediate early gene expression in mouse visual cortex. PEER COMMUNITY JOURNAL 2022; 2:e45. [PMID: 37091727 PMCID: PMC7614465 DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
During visual development, response properties of layer 2/3 neurons in visual cortex are shaped by experience. Both visual and visuomotor experience are necessary to co-ordinate the integration of bottom-up visual input and top-down motor-related input. Whether visual and visuomotor experience engage different plasticity mechanisms, possibly associated with the two separate input pathways, is still unclear. To begin addressing this, we measured the expression level of three different immediate early genes (IEG) (c-fos, egr1 or Arc) and neuronal activity in layer 2/3 neurons of visual cortex before and after a mouse's first visual exposure in life, and subsequent visuomotor learning. We found that expression levels of all three IEGs correlated positively with neuronal activity, but that first visual and first visuomotor exposure resulted in differential changes in IEG expression patterns. In addition, IEG expression levels differed depending on whether neurons exhibited primarily visually driven or motor-related activity. Neurons with strong motor-related activity preferentially expressed EGR1, while neurons that developed strong visually driven activity preferentially expressed Arc. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that bottom-up visual input and top-down motor-related input are associated with different IEG expression patterns and hence possibly also with different plasticity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mahringer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Zmarz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Georg B Keller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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The Role of Acetylcholine on the Effects of Different Doses of Sulfite in Learning and Memory. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3331-3343. [PMID: 35895153 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different doses of sulfite on learning, memory, and long term potentiation as well as the relationship of these effects with acetylcholine pathways, Arc and synapsin 1 levels were investigated. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as control, S100, and S260. Sodiummetabisulfite (S100;100 mg/kg/day, S260;260 mg/kg/day) was given by oral administration. Behavioral changes were evaluated. After long term potentiation recordings from the perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses, animals were sacrificed. Acetylcholinesterase activity, choline acetyltransferase activity, acetylcholine level as well as Arc and Synapsin 1 expressions were analyzed on the hippocampi. The total distance and average velocity values in the open field and Morris water maze tests increased in the sulfite groups, while the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test decreased compared to controls. Acetylcholine levels and choline acetyltransferase activity were also increased in the sulfite groups, while acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased compared to controls. Sulfite intake attenuated long term potentiation in the hippocampus. It has been observed that the excitatory postsynaptic potential slope and population spike amplitude of the field potentials obtained in sulfite groups decreased. This impairment was accompanied by a decrease in Arc and synapsin 1 expressions. In conclusion, it has been shown that sulfite intake in adults impairs learning and memory, possibly mediated by the cholinergic pathway. It is considered that the decrement in Arc and synapsin expressions may play a role in the mechanism underlying the impairment in long term potentiation caused by toxicity.
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26
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Barbati SA, Podda MV, Grassi C. Tuning brain networks: The emerging role of transcranial direct current stimulation on structural plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:945777. [PMID: 35936497 PMCID: PMC9351051 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.945777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique (NIBS) that has been proven to promote beneficial effects in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, although has been widely investigated, the mechanism comprehension around tDCS effects presents still some gaps. Therefore, scientists are still trying to uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind its positive effects to permit a more suitable application. Experimental models have provided converging evidence that tDCS elicits improvements in learning and memory by modulating both excitability and synaptic plasticity in neurons. Recently, among tDCS neurobiological effects, neural synchronization and dendritic structural changes have been reported in physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting possible effects at the neuronal circuit level. In this review, we bring in to focus the emerging effects of tDCS on the structural plasticity changes and neuronal rewiring, with the intent to match these two aspects with the underpinning molecular mechanisms identified so far, providing a new perspective to work on to unveil novel tDCS therapeutic use to treat brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Vittoria Podda
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Vittoria Podda,
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Corbett BF, Luz S, Arner J, Vigderman A, Urban K, Bhatnagar S. Arc-Mediated Plasticity in the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus Promotes Habituation to Stress. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:116-126. [PMID: 35527070 PMCID: PMC9246972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habituation is defined as a progressive decline in response to repeated exposure to a familiar and predictable stimulus and is highly conserved across species. Disrupted habituation is a signature of posttraumatic stress disorder. In rodents, habituation is observed in neural, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to repeated exposure to predictable and moderately intense stress or restraint. We previously demonstrated that lesioning the posterior paraventricular thalamic nucleus (pPVT) impairs habituation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific neural connections among the pPVT and other brain regions that underlie habituation are unknown. METHODS Behavioral and neuroendocrine habituation was assessed in adult male Sprague Dawley rats using the repeated restraint paradigm. Pan-neuronal and Cre-dependent DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) were used to chemogenetically inhibit the pPVT and the subpopulation of pPVT neurons that project to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), respectively. Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression was knocked down in the pPVT using small interfering RNA. Structural plasticity of pPVT neurons was assessed using Golgi staining. Local field potential recordings were used to assess coherent neural activity between the pPVT and mPFC. The attentional set shifting task was used to assess mPFC-dependent behavior. RESULTS Here, we show that Arc promotes habituation by increasing stress-induced spinogenesis in the pPVT, increasing coherent neural activity with the mPFC, and improving mPFC-mediated cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Arc induction in the pPVT regulates habituation and mPFC function. Therapies that improve synaptic plasticity during posttraumatic stress disorder therapy may enhance habituation and the efficacy of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F. Corbett
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra Luz
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay Arner
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail Vigderman
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly Urban
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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28
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Sanna F, Serra MP, Boi M, Bratzu J, Poddighe L, Sanna F, Carta A, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Melis MR, Argiolas A, Quartu M. Neuroplastic changes in c-Fos, ΔFosB, BDNF, trkB, and Arc expression in the hippocampus of male Roman rats: differential effects of sexual activity. Hippocampus 2022; 32:529-551. [PMID: 35716117 PMCID: PMC9327517 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual activity causes differential changes in the expression of markers of neural activation (c-Fos and ΔFosB) and neural plasticity (Arc and BDNF/trkB), as determined either by Western Blot (BDNF, trkB, Arc, and ΔFosB) or immunohistochemistry (BDNF, trkB, Arc, and c-Fos), in the hippocampus of male Roman high (RHA) and low avoidance (RLA) rats, two psychogenetically selected rat lines that display marked differences in sexual behavior (RHA rats exhibit higher sexual motivation and better copulatory performance than RLA rats). Both methods showed (with some differences) that sexual activity modifies the expression levels of these markers in the hippocampus of Roman rats depending on: (i) the level of sexual experience, that is, changes were usually more evident in sexually naïve than in experienced rats; (ii) the hippocampal partition, that is, BDNF and Arc increased in the dorsal but tended to decrease in the ventral hippocampus; (iii) the marker considered, that is, in sexually experienced animals BDNF, c-Fos, and Arc levels were similar to those of controls, while ΔFosB levels increased; and (iv) the rat line, that is, changes were usually larger in RHA than RLA rats. These findings resemble those of early studies in RHA and RLA rats showing that sexual activity influences the expression of these markers in the nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area, and show for the first time that also in the hippocampus sexual activity induces neural activation and plasticity, events that occur mainly during the first phase of the acquisition of sexual experience and depend on the genotypic/phenotypic characteristics of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Jessica Bratzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Laura Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical SciencesUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Antonella Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Maria Giuseppa Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical SciencesUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical SciencesUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Maria Rosaria Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Section of CagliariCittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly
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Markússon S, Hallin EI, Bustad HJ, Raasakka A, Xu J, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Martinez A, Bramham CR, Kursula P. High-affinity anti-Arc nanobodies provide tools for structural and functional studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269281. [PMID: 35671319 PMCID: PMC9173642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is a multidomain protein of retroviral origin with a vital role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory formation in mammals. However, the mechanistic and structural basis of Arc function is poorly understood. Arc has an N-terminal domain (NTD) involved in membrane binding and a C-terminal domain (CTD) that binds postsynaptic protein ligands. In addition, the NTD and CTD both function in Arc oligomerisation, including assembly of retrovirus-like capsids involved in intercellular signalling. To obtain new tools for studies on Arc structure and function, we produced and characterised six high-affinity anti-Arc nanobodies (Nb). The CTD of rat and human Arc were both crystallised in ternary complexes with two Nbs. One Nb bound deep into the stargazin-binding pocket of Arc CTD and suggested competitive binding with Arc ligand peptides. The crystallisation of the human Arc CTD in two different conformations, accompanied by SAXS data and molecular dynamics simulations, paints a dynamic picture of the mammalian Arc CTD. The collapsed conformation closely resembles Drosophila Arc in capsids, suggesting that we have trapped a capsid-like conformation of the human Arc CTD. Our data obtained with the help of anti-Arc Nbs suggest that structural dynamics of the CTD and dimerisation of the NTD may promote the formation of capsids. Taken together, the recombinant high-affinity anti-Arc Nbs are versatile tools that can be further developed for studying mammalian Arc structure and function, as well as mechanisms of Arc capsid formation, both in vitro and in vivo. For example, the Nbs could serve as a genetically encoded tools for inhibition of endogenous Arc interactions in the study of neuronal function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik I. Hallin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ju Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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30
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Mehterov N, Minchev D, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Interactions Among Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuroimmune Pathways Are Key Components of the Major Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4926-4952. [PMID: 35657457 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the reciprocal associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and immune-inflammatory pathways and how these links may explain the involvement of this neurotrophin in the immune pathophysiology of mood disorders and schizophrenia. Toward this end, we delineated the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network centered around BDNF and searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for papers dealing with the involvement of BDNF in the major psychosis, neurodevelopment, neuronal functions, and immune-inflammatory and related pathways. The PPI network was built based on the significant interactions of BDNF with neurotrophic (NTRK2, NTF4, and NGFR), immune (cytokines, STAT3, TRAF6), and cell-cell junction (CTNNB, CDH1) DEPs (differentially expressed proteins). Enrichment analysis shows that the most significant terms associated with this PPI network are the tyrosine kinase receptor (TRKR) and Src homology region two domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) pathways, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways, positive regulation of kinase and transferase activity, cytokine signaling, and negative regulation of the immune response. The participation of BDNF in the immune response and its interactions with neuroprotective and cell-cell adhesion DEPs is probably a conserved regulatory process which protects against the many detrimental effects of immune activation and hyperinflammation including neurotoxicity. Lowered BDNF levels in mood disorders and schizophrenia (a) are associated with disruptions in neurotrophic signaling and activated immune-inflammatory pathways leading to neurotoxicity and (b) may interact with the reduced expression of other DEPs (CTNNB1, CDH1, or DISC1) leading to multiple aberrations in synapse and axonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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31
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Nambu MF, Lin YJ, Reuschenbach J, Tanaka KZ. What does engram encode?: Heterogeneous memory engrams for different aspects of experience. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102568. [PMID: 35660988 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting synaptic changes within the neuronal network mediate memory. Neurons bearing such physical traces of memory (memory engram cells) are often equated with neurons expressing immediate early genes (IEGs) during a specific experience. However, past studies observed the expression of different IEGs in non-overlapping neurons or synaptic plasticity in neurons that do not express a particular IEG. Importantly, recent studies revealed that distinct subsets of neurons expressing different IEGs or even IEG negative-(yet active) neurons support different aspects of memory or computation, suggesting a more complex nature of memory engram cells than previously thought. In this short review, we introduce studies revealing such heterogeneous composition of the memory engram and discuss how the memory system benefits from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu F Nambu
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan. https://twitter.com/meowmiyu
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan. https://twitter.com/linyuru25199808
| | - Josefine Reuschenbach
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan. https://twitter.com/Jausefine
| | - Kazumasa Z Tanaka
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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32
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Wang Y, Gu C, Ewing AG. Single-Vesicle Electrochemistry Following Repetitive Stimulation Reveals a Mechanism for Plasticity Changes with Iron Deficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200716. [PMID: 35267233 PMCID: PMC9315038 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain and important for neuronal activity, is known to affect synaptic plasticity, causing learning and memory deficits. How iron deficiency impacts plasticity by altering neurotransmission at the cellular level is not fully understood. We used electrochemical methods to study the effect of iron deficiency on plasticity with repetitive stimulation. We show that during iron deficiency, repetitive stimulation causes significant decrease in exocytotic release without changing vesicular content. This results in a lower fraction of release, opposite to the control group, upon repetitive stimulation. These changes were partially reversible by iron repletion. This finding suggests that iron deficiency has a negative effect on plasticity by decreasing the fraction of vesicular release in response to repetitive stimulation. This provides a putative mechanism for how iron deficiency modulates plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Forensic MedicineSchool of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesAffiliated Guangji HospitalSoochow University215123SuzhouChina
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemivagen 1041296GothenburgSweden
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemivagen 1041296GothenburgSweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemivagen 1041296GothenburgSweden
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Long-Term Environmental Enrichment Relieves Dysfunctional Cognition and Synaptic Protein Levels Induced by Prenatal Inflammation in Older CD-1 Mice. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:1483101. [PMID: 35574247 PMCID: PMC9106518 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1483101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A mounting body of evidence suggests that prenatal inflammation may enhance the rate of age-associated cognitive decline and may involve aberrant amounts of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, including synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). However, little is known about the specific impact of adolescent environmental enrichment (EE) on age-associated cognitive decline and the changes in synaptic proteins caused by prenatal inflammation. In this study, CD-1 mice in late pregnancy were given intraperitoneal doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or normal saline. Offspring arising from LPS dams were divided into a LPS group and a LPS plus EE (LPS-E) group. The LPS-E mice were exposed to EE from 2 months of age until the end of the experiment (3 or 15 months old). The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess the spatial learning and memory capacities of experimental mice, while western blotting and RNA-scope were used to determine the expression levels of Arc and Syt1 in the hippocampus at the protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Analysis revealed that at 15 months of age, the control mice experienced a reduction in cognitive ability and elevated expression levels of Arc and Syt1 genes when compared to control mice at 3 months of age. The LPS-E group exhibited better cognition and lower protein and mRNA levels of Arc and Syt1 than mice in the LPS group of the same age. However, the enriched environment mitigated but did not counteract, the effects of prenatal inflammation on cognitive and synaptic proteins when tested at either 3 or 15 months of age. Our findings revealed that long-term environmental enrichment improved the expression levels of synaptic proteins in CD-1 mice and that this effect was linked to the dysfunctional cognition caused by prenatal inflammation; this process may also be involved in the reduction of hippocampal Arc and Syt1 gene expression.
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Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated ARC-Knockout HEK293 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094498. [PMID: 35562887 PMCID: PMC9101110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arc/Arg3.1 (activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (ARC)) is a critical regulator of long-term synaptic plasticity and is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The functions and mechanisms of human ARC action are poorly understood and worthy of further investigation. To investigate the function of the ARC gene in vitro, we generated an ARC-knockout (KO) HEK293 cell line via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and conducted RNA sequencing and label-free LC-MS/MS analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes and proteins in isogenic ARC-KO HEK293 cells. Furthermore, we used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays to detect interactions between the ARC protein and differentially expressed proteins. Genetic deletion of ARC disturbed multiple genes involved in the extracellular matrix and synaptic membrane. Seven proteins (HSPA1A, ENO1, VCP, HMGCS1, ALDH1B1, FSCN1, and HINT2) were found to be differentially expressed between ARC-KO cells and ARC wild-type cells. BRET assay results showed that ARC interacted with PSD95 and HSPA1A. Overall, we found that ARC regulates the differential expression of genes involved in the extracellular matrix, synaptic membrane, and heat shock protein family. The transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of ARC-KO HEK293 cells presented here provide new evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of ARC and molecular pathways involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Hedde PN, Barylko B, Binns DD, Jameson DM, Albanesi JP. Differential Mobility and Self-Association of Arc/Arg3.1 in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Living Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:876-882. [PMID: 35319179 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arc, also known as Arg3.1, is an activity-dependent immediate-early gene product that plays essential roles in memory consolidation. A pool of Arc is located in the postsynaptic cytoplasm, where it promotes AMPA receptor endocytosis and cytoskeletal remodeling. However, Arc is also found in the nucleus, with a major portion being associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). Nuclear Arc has been implicated in epigenetic control of gene transcription associated with learning and memory. In this study, we use a battery of fluorescence nanoimaging approaches to characterize the behavior of Arc ectopically expressed in heterologous cells. Our results indicate that in the cytoplasm, Arc exists predominantly as monomers and dimers associated with slowly diffusing particles. In contrast, nuclear Arc is almost exclusively monomeric and displays a higher diffusivity than cytoplasmic Arc. We further show that Arc moves freely and rapidly between PML-NBs and the nucleoplasm and that its movement within PML-NBs is relatively unobstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Niklas Hedde
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB 222, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Derk D. Binns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB 222, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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36
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Ewing AG, Wang Y, Gu C. Single‐Vesicle Electrochemistry Following Repetitive Stimulation Reveals a Mechanism for Plasticity Changes with Iron Deficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg: Goteborgs Universitet Chemistry and Molecular Biology Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg SWEDEN
| | - Ying Wang
- University of Gothenburg: Goteborgs Universitet Chemistry and Molecular Biology SWEDEN
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- University of Gothenburg: Goteborgs Universitet Chemistry and Molecular Biology SWEDEN
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37
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Cote JL, Vander PB, Ellis M, Cline JM, Svezhova N, Doche ME, Maures TJ, Choudhury TA, Kong S, Klaft OGJ, Joe RM, Argetsinger LS, Carter-Su C. The nucleolar δ isoform of adapter protein SH2B1 enhances morphological complexity and function of cultured neurons. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259179. [PMID: 35019135 PMCID: PMC8918807 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter protein SH2B1 is recruited to neurotrophin receptors, including TrkB (also known as NTRK2), the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Herein, we demonstrate that the four alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 (SH2B1α-SH2B1δ) are important determinants of neuronal architecture and neurotrophin-induced gene expression. Primary hippocampal neurons from Sh2b1-/- [knockout (KO)] mice exhibit decreased neurite complexity and length, and BDNF-induced expression of the synapse-related immediate early genes Egr1 and Arc. Reintroduction of each SH2B1 isoform into KO neurons increases neurite complexity; the brain-specific δ isoform also increases total neurite length. Human obesity-associated variants, when expressed in SH2B1δ, alter neurite complexity, suggesting that a decrease or increase in neurite branching may have deleterious effects that contribute to the severe childhood obesity and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with these variants. Surprisingly, in contrast to SH2B1α, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ, which localize primarily in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, SH2B1δ resides primarily in nucleoli. Some SH2B1δ is also present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Nucleolar localization, driven by two highly basic regions unique to SH2B1δ, is required for SH2B1δ to maximally increase neurite complexity and BDNF-induced expression of Egr1, Arc and FosL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Cote
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul B. Vander
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joel M. Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael E. Doche
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Travis J. Maures
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tahrim A. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seongbae Kong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olivia G. J. Klaft
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ray M. Joe
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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38
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Brökling J, Brunne B, Rune GM. Sex-dependent responsiveness of hippocampal neurons to sex neurosteroids: A role of Arc/Arg3.1. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13090. [PMID: 35081672 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids, such as estradiol (E2 ) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), regulate hippocampal plasticity and memory in a sex-dependent manner. Because the activity-regulated cytoskeleton protein Arc/Arg3.1 is essential for long-term memory formation and synaptic plasticity, we investigated the expression of Arc/Arg3.1 with respect to its responsiveness to E2 and DHT in male and female hippocampal neurons. For the first time, we show that, in hippocampal neurons, Arc/Arg3.1 expression is sex-dependently regulated by sex steroids. No difference in the expression between sexes was observed under control conditions. Using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and quantitative immunoreactivity, upregulation of Arc/Arg3.1 protein expression was observed in specifically female hippocampal neurons after application of E2 to the cultures. Conversely, upregulation of Arc/Arg3.1 was seen in specifically male neurons after application of DHT. A quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the sex-dependency was most pronounced on the mRNA level. Most importantly, the effects of E2 in cultures of female animals were abolished when neuron-derived E2 synthesis was inhibited. Our results point to a potentially important role of Arc/Arg3.1 regarding sex-dependency in sex steroid-induced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Brökling
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Brunne
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Deshpande K, Martirosian V, Nakamura BN, Iyer M, Julian A, Eisenbarth R, Shao L, Attenello F, Neman J. Neuronal exposure induces neurotransmitter signaling and synaptic mediators in tumors early in brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:914-924. [PMID: 34932815 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BM) are responsible for neurological decline and poor overall survival. Although the pro-metastatic roles of glial cells, and the acquisition of neuronal attributes in established BM tumors have been described, there are no studies that investigate the initial interplay between neurons and brain-seeking tumor cells. The aim of this study was to characterize early tumor-neuron interactions and the induced CNS-adaptive changes in tumor cells prior to macro-colonization. METHODS Utilizing pure neuronal cultures and brain-naïve and patient-derived BM tumor cells, we surveyed the early induction of mediators of neurotransmitter (NT) and synaptic signaling in breast and lung tumor cells. Reliance on microenvironmental GABA in breast-to-brain metastatic cells (BBMs) was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Co-culture with neurons induces early expression of classical NT receptor genes (HTR4, GRIA2, GRIN2B, GRM4, GRM8, DRD1) and neuronal synaptic mediators (CNR1, EGR2, ARC, NGFR, NRXN1) in breast and lung cancer cells. NT-dependent classification of tumor cells within the neuronal niche shows breast cancer cells become GABAergic responsive brain metastases (GRBMs) and transition from relying on autocrine GABA, to paracrine GABA from adjacent neurons; while autocrine Dopaminergic breast and lung tumor cells persist. In vivo studies confirm reliance on paracrine GABA is an early CNS-acclimation strategy in breast cancer. Moreover, neuronal contact induces early resurgence in Reelin expression in tumor cells through epigenetic activation, facilitating CNS adaptation. CONCLUSION Tumor-neuron interactions allow for CNS-adaptation early in the course of brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutika Deshpande
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vahan Martirosian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Naomi Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mukund Iyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Julian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Eisenbarth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Attenello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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40
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Reyes-Resina I, Samer S, Kreutz MR, Oelschlegel AM. Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation That Operate During Sleep. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:767384. [PMID: 34867190 PMCID: PMC8636908 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sleep for brain function has been in the focus of interest for many years. It is now firmly established that sleep and the corresponding brain activity is of central importance for memory consolidation. Less clear are the underlying molecular mechanisms and their specific contribution to the formation of long-term memory. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of such mechanisms and we discuss the several unknowns that hinder a deeper appreciation of how molecular mechanisms of memory consolidation during sleep impact synaptic function and engram formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reyes-Resina
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Samer
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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41
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McReynolds JR, Carreira MB, McIntyre CK. Post-training intra-basolateral complex of the amygdala infusions of clenbuterol enhance memory for conditioned place preference and increase ARC protein expression in dorsal hippocampal synaptic fractions. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107539. [PMID: 34648950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is critically involved in modulation of memory by stress hormones. Noradrenergic activation of the BLA enhances memory consolidation and plays a necessary role in the enhancing or impairing effects of stress hormones on memory. The BLA is not only involved in the consolidation of aversive memories but can regulate appetitive memory formation as well. Extensive evidence suggests that the BLA is a modulatory structure that influences consolidation of arousing memories through modulation of plasticity and expression of plasticity-related genes, such as the activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc/Arg 3.1) protein, in efferent brain regions. ARC is an immediate early gene whose mRNA is localized to the dendrites and is necessary for hippocampus-dependent long-term potentiation and long-term memory formation. Post-training intra-BLA infusions of the β-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol, enhances memory for an aversive task and increases dorsal hippocampus ARC protein expression following training on that task. To examine whether this function of BLA noradrenergic signaling extends to the consolidation of appetitive memories, the present studies test the effect of post-training intra-BLA infusions of clenbuterol on memory for the appetitive conditioned place preference (CPP) task and for effects on ARC protein expression in hippocampal synapses. Additionally, the necessity of increased hippocampal ARC protein expression was also examined for long-term memory formation of the CPP task. Immediate post-training intra-BLA infusions of clenbuterol (4 ng/0.2 µL) significantly enhanced memory for the CPP task. This same memory enhancing treatment significantly increased ARC protein expression in dorsal, but not ventral, hippocampal synaptic fractions. Furthermore, immediate post-training intra-dorsal hippocampal infusions of Arc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which reduce ARC protein expression, prevented long-term memory formation for the CPP task. These results suggest that noradrenergic activity in the BLA influences long-term memory for aversive and appetitive events in a similar manner and the role of the BLA is conserved across classes of memory. It also suggests that the influence of the BLA on hippocampal ARC protein expression and the role of hippocampal ARC protein expression are conserved across classes of emotionally arousing memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme R McReynolds
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Maria B Carreira
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Christa K McIntyre
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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42
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Kudryashova IV. The Reorganization of the Actin Matrix as a Factor of Presynaptic Plasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Stress Diminishes BDNF-stimulated TrkB Signaling, TrkB-NMDA Receptor Linkage and Neuronal Activity in the Rat Brain. Neuroscience 2021; 473:142-158. [PMID: 34298123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to intense or repeated stressors can lead to depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neurological changes induced by stress include impaired neurotrophin signaling, which is known to influence synaptic integrity and plasticity. The present study used an ex vivo approach to examine the impact of acute or repeated stress on BDNF-stimulated TrkB signaling in hippocampus (HIPPO) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Rats in an acute multiple stressor group experienced five stressors in one day whereas rats in a repeated unpredictable stressor group experienced 20 stressors across 10 days. After stress exposure, slices were incubated with vehicle or BDNF, followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays to assess protein levels, activation states and protein-protein linkage associated with BDNF-TrkB signaling. Three key findings are (1) exposure to stressors significantly diminished BDNF-stimulated TrkB signaling in HIPPO and PFC such that reductions in TrkB activation, diminished recruitment of adaptor proteins to TrkB, reduced activation of downstream signaling molecules, disruption of TrkB-NMDAr linkage, and changes in basal and BDNF-stimulated Arc expression were observed. (2) After stress, BDNF stimulation enhanced TrkB-NMDAr linkage in PFC, suggestive of compensatory mechanisms in this region. (3) We discovered an uncoupling between TrkB signaling, TrkB-NMDAr linkage and Arc expression in PFC and HIPPO. In addition, a robust surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in both regions after repeated exposure to stressors. Collectively, these data provide therapeutic targets for future studies that investigate how to reverse stress-induced downregulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling and underscore the need for functional studies that examine stress-related TrkB-NMDAr activities in PFC.
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44
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Novikov DA, Beletsky AP, Kolosov PM. The Putative Role of m6A-RNA Methylation in Memory Consolidation. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Hallin EI, Bramham CR, Kursula P. Structural properties and peptide ligand binding of the capsid homology domains of human Arc. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100975. [PMID: 33732907 PMCID: PMC7941041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is important for synaptic plasticity and the normal function of the brain. Arc interacts with neuronal postsynaptic proteins, but the mechanistic details of its function have not been fully established. The C-terminal domain of Arc consists of tandem domains, termed the N- and C-lobe. The N-lobe harbours a peptide binding site, able to bind multiple targets. By measuring the affinity of human Arc towards various peptides from stargazin and guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP), we have refined its specificity determinants. We found two sites in the GKAP repeat region that bind to Arc and confirmed these interactions by X-ray crystallography. Phosphorylation of the stargazin peptide did not affect binding affinity but caused changes in thermodynamic parameters. Comparison of the crystal structures of three high-resolution human Arc-peptide complexes identifies three conserved C-H…π interactions at the binding cavity, explaining the sequence specificity of short linear motif binding by Arc. We further characterise central residues of the Arc lobe fold, show the effects of peptide binding on protein dynamics, and identify acyl carrier proteins as structures similar to the Arc lobes. We hypothesise that Arc may affect protein-protein interactions and phase separation at the postsynaptic density, affecting protein turnover and re-modelling of the synapse. The present data on Arc structure and ligand binding will help in further deciphering these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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46
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Rusakov DA, Stewart MG. Synaptic environment and extrasynaptic glutamate signals: The quest continues. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108688. [PMID: 34174263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Behaviour of a mammal relies on the brain's excitatory circuits equipped with glutamatergic synapses. In most cases, glutamate escaping from the synaptic cleft is rapidly buffered and taken up by high-affinity transporters expressed by nearby perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs). The spatial relationship between glutamatergic synapses and PAPs thus plays a crucial role in understanding glutamate signalling actions, yet its intricate features can only be fully appreciated using methods that operate beyond the diffraction limit of light. Here, we examine principal aspects pertaining to the receptor actions of glutamate, inside and outside the synaptic cleft in the brain, where the organisation of synaptic micro-physiology and micro-environment play a critical part. In what conditions and how far glutamate can escape the synaptic cleft activating its target receptors outside the immediate synapse has long been the subject of debate. Evidence is also emerging that neuronal activity- and astroglia-dependent glutamate spillover actions could be important across the spectrum of cognitive functions This article is part of the special issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - The Glutamatergic Synapse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A Rusakov
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Michael G Stewart
- Dept of Life Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
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47
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Bin Ibrahim MZ, Benoy A, Sajikumar S. Long-term plasticity in the hippocampus: maintaining within and 'tagging' between synapses. FEBS J 2021; 289:2176-2201. [PMID: 34109726 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses between neurons are malleable biochemical structures, strengthening and diminishing over time dependent on the type of information they receive. This phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity underlies learning and memory, and its different forms, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), perform varied cognitive roles in reinforcement, relearning and associating memories. Moreover, both LTP and LTD can exist in an early transient form (early-LTP/LTD) or a late persistent form (late-LTP/LTD), which are triggered by different induction protocols, and also differ in their dependence on protein synthesis and the involvement of key molecular players. Beyond homosynaptic modifications, synapses can also interact with one another. This is encapsulated in the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis (STC), where synapses expressing early-LTP/LTD present a 'tag' that can capture the protein synthesis products generated during a temporally proximal late-LTP/LTD induction. This 'tagging' phenomenon forms the framework of synaptic interactions in various conditions and accounts for the cellular basis of the time-dependent associativity of short-lasting and long-lasting memories. All these synaptic modifications take place under controlled neuronal conditions, regulated by subcellular elements such as epigenetic regulation, proteasomal degradation and neuromodulatory signals. Here, we review current understanding of the different forms of synaptic plasticity and its regulatory mechanisms in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory formation. We also discuss expression of plasticity in hippocampal CA2 area, a long-overlooked narrow hippocampal subfield and the behavioural correlate of STC. Lastly, we put forth perspectives for an integrated view of memory representation in synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amrita Benoy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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48
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Walczyk-Mooradally A, Holborn J, Singh K, Tyler M, Patnaik D, Wesseling H, Brandon NJ, Steen J, Graether SP, Haggarty SJ, Lalonde J. Phosphorylation-dependent control of Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) protein by TNIK. J Neurochem 2021. [PMID: 34077555 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is an immediate early gene product that support neuroplastic changes important for cognitive function and memory formation. As a protein with homology to the retroviral Gag protein, a particular characteristic of Arc is its capacity to self-assemble into virus-like capsids that can package mRNAs and transfer those transcripts to other cells. Although a lot has been uncovered about the contributions of Arc to neuron biology and behavior, very little is known about how different functions of Arc are coordinately regulated both temporally and spatially in neurons. The answer to this question we hypothesized must involve the occurrence of different protein post-translational modifications acting to confer specificity. In this study, we used mass spectrometry and sequence prediction strategies to map novel Arc phosphorylation sites. Our approach led us to recognize serine 67 (S67) and threonine 278 (T278) as residues that can be modified by TNIK, which is a kinase abundantly expressed in neurons that shares many functional overlaps with Arc and has, along with its interacting proteins such as the NMDA receptor, and been implicated as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, characterization of each residue using site-directed mutagenesis to create S67 and T278 mutant variants revealed that TNIK action at those amino acids can strongly influence Arc's subcellular distribution and self-assembly as capsids. Together, our findings reveal an unsuspected connection between Arc and TNIK. Better understanding of the interplay between these two proteins in neuronal cells could lead to new insights about apparition and progression of psychiatric disorders. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15077.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Holborn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Karamjeet Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Marshall Tyler
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik Wesseling
- Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Boston, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Judith Steen
- Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen P Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Walczyk-Mooradally A, Holborn J, Singh K, Tyler M, Patnaik D, Wesseling H, Brandon NJ, Steen J, Graether SP, Haggarty SJ, Lalonde J. Phosphorylation-dependent control of Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) protein by TNIK. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1058-1073. [PMID: 34077555 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is an immediate early gene product that support neuroplastic changes important for cognitive function and memory formation. As a protein with homology to the retroviral Gag protein, a particular characteristic of Arc is its capacity to self-assemble into virus-like capsids that can package mRNAs and transfer those transcripts to other cells. Although a lot has been uncovered about the contributions of Arc to neuron biology and behavior, very little is known about how different functions of Arc are coordinately regulated both temporally and spatially in neurons. The answer to this question we hypothesized must involve the occurrence of different protein post-translational modifications acting to confer specificity. In this study, we used mass spectrometry and sequence prediction strategies to map novel Arc phosphorylation sites. Our approach led us to recognize serine 67 (S67) and threonine 278 (T278) as residues that can be modified by TNIK, which is a kinase abundantly expressed in neurons that shares many functional overlaps with Arc and has, along with its interacting proteins such as the NMDA receptor, and been implicated as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, characterization of each residue using site-directed mutagenesis to create S67 and T278 mutant variants revealed that TNIK action at those amino acids can strongly influence Arc's subcellular distribution and self-assembly as capsids. Together, our findings reveal an unsuspected connection between Arc and TNIK. Better understanding of the interplay between these two proteins in neuronal cells could lead to new insights about apparition and progression of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Holborn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Karamjeet Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Marshall Tyler
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik Wesseling
- Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Boston, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Judith Steen
- Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen P Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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50
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Crystal and solution structures reveal oligomerization of individual capsid homology domains of Drosophila Arc. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251459. [PMID: 33989344 PMCID: PMC8121366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is vital for brain function and memory formation. One of the key proteins in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory is the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Mammalian Arc forms virus-like capsid structures in a process requiring the N-terminal domain and contains two C-terminal lobes that are structural homologues to retroviral capsids. Drosophila has two isoforms of Arc, dArc1 and dArc2, with low sequence similarity to mammalian Arc, but lacking a large N-terminal domain. Both dArc isoforms are related to the Ty3/gypsy retrotransposon capsid, consisting of N- and C-terminal lobes. Structures of dArc1, as well as capsids formed by both dArc isoforms, have been recently determined. We carried out structural characterization of the four individual dArc lobe domains. As opposed to the corresponding mammalian Arc lobe domains, which are monomeric, the dArc lobes were all oligomeric in solution, indicating a strong propensity for homophilic interactions. A truncated N-lobe from dArc2 formed a domain-swapped dimer in the crystal structure, resulting in a novel dimer interaction that could be relevant for capsid assembly or other dArc functions. This domain-swapped structure resembles the dimeric protein C of flavivirus capsids, as well as the structure of histones dimers, domain-swapped transcription factors, and membrane-interacting BAK domains. The strong oligomerization properties of the isolated dArc lobe domains explain the ability of dArc to form capsids in the absence of any large N-terminal domain, in contrast to the mammalian protein.
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