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Felipe Perez R, Mochi G, Khan A, Woodford M. Mitochondrial Chaperone Code: Just warming up. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:483-496. [PMID: 38763405 PMCID: PMC11153887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 99% of the mitochondrial proteome is encoded by the nucleus and requires refolding following import. Therefore, mitochondrial proteins require the coordinated action of molecular chaperones for their folding and activation. Several heat shock protein (Hsp) molecular chaperones, including members of the Hsp27, Hsp40/70, and Hsp90 families, as well as the chaperonin complex Hsp60/10 have an established role in mitochondrial protein import and folding. The "Chaperone Code" describes the regulation of chaperone activity by dynamic post-translational modifications; however, little is known about the post-translational regulation of mitochondrial chaperones. Dissecting the regulation of chaperone function is essential for understanding their differential regulation in pathogenic conditions and the potential development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the recent literature on post-translational regulation of mitochondrial chaperones, the consequences for mitochondrial function, and potential implications for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Felipe Perez
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gianna Mochi
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ariba Khan
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Li L, Wang YW, Chang X, Chen JL, Wang M, Zhu JQ, Li JF, Ren LJ, Dai XY, Yan L, Fan XC, Song Q, Zhu JB, Chen JK, Xu SG. DNAJA1‑knockout alleviates heat stroke‑induced endothelial barrier disruption via improving thermal tolerance and suppressing the MLCK‑MLC signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:87. [PMID: 38551163 PMCID: PMC10995657 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier disruption plays a key role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke (HS). Knockout of DNAJA1 (DNAJA1‑KO) is thought to be protective against HS based on a genome‑wide CRISPR‑Cas9 screen experiment. The present study aimed to illustrate the function of DNAJA1‑KO against HS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. DNAJA1‑KO cells were infected using a lentivirus to investigate the role of DNAJA1‑KO in HS‑induced endothelial barrier disruption. It was shown that DNAJA1‑KO could ameliorate decreased cell viability and increased cell injury, according to the results of Cell Counting Kit‑8 and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Moreover, HS‑induced endothelial cell apoptosis was inhibited by DNAJA1‑KO, as indicated by Annexin V‑FITC/PI staining and cleaved‑caspase‑3 expression using flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the endothelial barrier function, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and FITC‑Dextran, was sustained during HS. DNAJA1‑KO was not found to have a significant effect on the expression and distribution of cell junction proteins under normal conditions without HS. However, DNAJA1‑KO could effectively protect the HS‑induced decrease in the expression and distribution of cell junction proteins, including zonula occludens‑1, claudin‑5, junctional adhesion molecule A and occludin. A total of 4,394 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis, of which 102 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were activated in HS‑induced wild‑type cells and inhibited by DNAJA1‑KO. DEPs were investigated by enrichment analysis, which demonstrated significant enrichment in the 'calcium signaling pathway' and associations with vascular‑barrier regulation. Furthermore, the 'myosin light‑chain kinase (MLCK)‑MLC signaling pathway' was proven to be activated by HS and inhibited by DNAJA1‑KO, as expected. Moreover, DNAJA1‑KO mice and a HS mouse model were established to demonstrate the protective effects on endothelial barrier in vivo. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that DNAJA1‑KO alleviates HS‑induced endothelial barrier disruption by improving thermal tolerance and suppressing the MLCK‑MLC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Sanya, Hainan 572022, P.R. China
- Heatstroke Treatment and Research Center, Hainan Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572022, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jue-Lin Chen
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Ren
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Dai
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Chen Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qing Song
- Heatstroke Treatment and Research Center, Hainan Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572022, P.R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572022, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Kuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shuo-Gui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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3
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van Asperen JV, Kotaich F, Caillol D, Bomont P. Neurofilaments: Novel findings and future challenges. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102326. [PMID: 38401181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are abundant cytoskeletal proteins that emerge as a critical hub for cell signalling within neurons. As we start to uncover essential roles of NFs in regulating microtubule and organelle dynamics, nerve conduction and neurotransmission, novel discoveries are expected to arise in genetics, with NFs identified as causal genes for various neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss how the latest advances in fundamental and translational research illuminate our understanding of NF biology, particularly their assembly, organisation, transport and degradation. We will emphasise the notion that filaments are not one entity and that future challenges will be to apprehend their diverse composition and structural heterogeneity and to scrutinize how this regulates signalling, sustains neuronal physiology and drives pathophysiology in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy V van Asperen
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Farah Kotaich
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Caillol
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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4
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Liénard C, Pintart A, Bomont P. Neuronal Autophagy: Regulations and Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38201307 PMCID: PMC10778363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway that plays a key role in sustaining cell homeostasis, integrity, and physiological functions. Macroautophagy, which ensures the clearance of cytoplasmic components engulfed in a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with lysosomes, is orchestrated by a complex cascade of events. Autophagy has a particularly strong impact on the nervous system, and mutations in core components cause numerous neurological diseases. We first review the regulation of autophagy, from autophagosome biogenesis to lysosomal degradation and associated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders. We then describe how this process is specifically regulated in the axon and in the somatodendritic compartment and how it is altered in diseases. In particular, we present the neuronal specificities of autophagy, with the spatial control of autophagosome biogenesis, the close relationship of maturation with axonal transport, and the regulation by synaptic activity. Finally, we discuss the physiological functions of autophagy in the nervous system, during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Liénard
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pintart
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascale Bomont
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
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Wang C, Teng L, Liu ZS, Kamalova A, McMenimen KA. HspB5 Chaperone Structure and Activity Are Modulated by Chemical-Scale Interactions in the ACD Dimer Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:471. [PMID: 38203641 PMCID: PMC10778692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a family of ATP-independent molecular chaperones that function as "holdases" and prevent protein aggregation due to changes in temperature, pH, or oxidation state. sHsps have a conserved α-crystallin domain (ACD), which forms the dimer building block, flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions. sHsps populate various oligomeric states as a function of their sequestrase activity, and these dynamic structural features allow the proteins to interact with a plethora of cellular substrates. However, the molecular mechanisms of their dynamic conformational assembly and the interactions with various substrates remains unclear. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the underlying physicochemical properties that influence sHsp structure in an effort to understand their mechanism(s) of action. We evaluated several disease-relevant mutations, D109A, F113Y, R116C, R120G, and R120C, in the ACD of HspB5 for changes to in vitro chaperone activity relative to that of wildtype. Structural characteristics were also evaluated by ANS fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Our results indicated that mutation Y113F is an efficient holdase, while D109A and R120G, which are found in patients with myofibrillar myopathy and cataracts, respectively, exhibit a large reduction in holdase activity in a chaperone-like light-scattering assay, which indicated alterations in substrate-sHsp interactions. The extent of the reductions in chaperone activities are different among the mutants and specific to the substrate protein, suggesting that while sHsps are able to interact with many substrates, specific interactions provide selectivity for some substrates compared to others. This work is consistent with a model for chaperone activity where key electrostatic interactions in the sHsp dimer provide structural stability and influence both higher-order sHsp interactions and facilitate interactions with substrate proteins that define chaperone holdase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- Program in Biochemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (C.W.); (L.T.); (Z.S.L.)
| | - Lilong Teng
- Program in Biochemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (C.W.); (L.T.); (Z.S.L.)
| | - Zhiyan Silvia Liu
- Program in Biochemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (C.W.); (L.T.); (Z.S.L.)
| | - Aichurok Kamalova
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA;
| | - Kathryn A. McMenimen
- Program in Biochemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (C.W.); (L.T.); (Z.S.L.)
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
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Kotaich F, Caillol D, Bomont P. Neurofilaments in health and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275155. [PMID: 38164457 PMCID: PMC10758125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are the most abundant component of mature neurons, that interconnect with actin and microtubules to form the cytoskeleton. Specifically expressed in the nervous system, NFs present the particularity within the Intermediate Filament family of being formed by four subunits, the neurofilament light (NF-L), medium (NF-M), heavy (NF-H) proteins and α-internexin or peripherin. Here, we review the current knowledge on NF proteins and neurofilaments, from their domain structures and their model of assembly to the dynamics of their transport and degradation along the axon. The formation of the filament and its behaviour are regulated by various determinants, including post-transcriptional (miRNA and RBP proteins) and post-translational (phosphorylation and ubiquitination) modifiers. Altogether, the complex set of modifications enable the neuron to establish a stable but elastic NF array constituting the structural scaffold of the axon, while permitting the local expression of NF proteins and providing the dynamics necessary to fulfil local demands and respond to stimuli and injury. Thus, in addition to their roles in mechano-resistance, radial axonal outgrowth and nerve conduction, NFs control microtubule dynamics, organelle distribution and neurotransmission at the synapse. We discuss how the studies of neurodegenerative diseases with NF aggregation shed light on the biology of NFs. In particular, the NEFL and NEFH genes are mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common inherited neurological disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of the CMT forms (axonal CMT2E, CMT2CC; demyelinating CMT1F; intermediate I-CMT) with symptoms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) will allow us to further investigate the physiological roles of NFs in the brain. Thus, NF-CMT mouse models exhibit various degrees of sensory-motor deficits associated with CNS symptoms. Cellular systems brought findings regarding the dominant effect of NF-L mutants on NF aggregation and transport, although these have been recently challenged. Neurofilament detection without NF-L in recessive CMT is puzzling, calling for a re-examination of the current model in which NF-L is indispensable for NF assembly. Overall, we discuss how the fundamental and translational fields are feeding each-other to increase but also challenge our knowledge of NF biology, and to develop therapeutic avenues for CMT and neurodegenerative diseases with NF aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC team, NeuroMyoGene Institute-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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7
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Espinoza KS, Hermanson KN, Beard CA, Schwartz NU, Snider JM, Low BE, Wiles MV, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Snider AJ. A novel HSPB1 S139F mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106769. [PMID: 37625781 PMCID: PMC10843462 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is a commonly inherited peripheral polyneuropathy. Clinical manifestations for this disease include symmetrical distal polyneuropathy, altered deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory loss, foot deformities, and gait abnormalities. Genetic mutations in heat shock proteins have been linked to CMT2. Specifically, mutations in the heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) gene encoding for heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) have been linked to CMT2F and distal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2B (dHMSN2B) subtype. The goal of the study was to examine the role of an endogenous mutation in HSPB1 in vivo and to define the effects of this mutation on motor function and pathology in a novel animal model. As sphingolipids have been implicated in hereditary and sensory neuropathies, we examined sphingolipid metabolism in central and peripheral nervous tissues in 3-month-old HspS139F mice. Though sphingolipid levels were not altered in sciatic nerves from HspS139F mice, ceramides and deoxyceramides, as well as sphingomyelins (SMs) were elevated in brain tissues from HspS139F mice. Histology was utilized to further characterize HspS139F mice. HspS139F mice exhibited no alterations to the expression and phosphorylation of neurofilaments, or in the expression of acetylated α-tubulin in the brain or sciatic nerve. Interestingly, HspS139F mice demonstrated cerebellar demyelination. Locomotor function, grip strength and gait were examined to define the role of HspS139F in the clinical phenotypes associated with CMT2F. Gait analysis revealed no differences between HspWT and HspS139F mice. However, both coordination and grip strength were decreased in 3-month-old HspS139F mice. Together these data suggest that the endogenous S139F mutation in HSPB1 may serve as a mouse model for hereditary and sensory neuropathies such as CMT2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila S Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kyra N Hermanson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cameron A Beard
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nicholas U Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Neurons are markedly compartmentalized, which makes them reliant on axonal transport to maintain their health. Axonal transport is important for anterograde delivery of newly synthesized macromolecules and organelles from the cell body to the synapse and for the retrograde delivery of signaling endosomes and autophagosomes for degradation. Dysregulation of axonal transport occurs early in neurodegenerative diseases and plays a key role in axonal degeneration. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms for regulation of axonal transport; discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting axonal transport.
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9
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Hsp22 pretreatment protection against LPS-induced hippocampal injury by alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptosis by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase1/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1977-2004. [PMID: 36934348 PMCID: PMC10085591 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important reason for the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment. The Lentiviral vector Hsp22 was constructed for intracerebroventricular injection pretreatment, LPS was used to induce the cognitive impairment model in mice, and the Morris water maze was used to examine the changes in cognitive behavior in mice. LPS was used to induce BV-2 microglial cells, and plasmid pretreatment was used to overexpress Hsp22. HE staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA and protein blotting were used to examine microglial activation, changes in inflammatory factors, changes in pathway proteins and apoptosis. The results showed that LPS induced microglial expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway protein Iba1, and the inflammatory protein and inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, the expression of Bax increased significantly, Bcl2 expression decreased, and the learning and memory abilities of mice decreased significantly. Preconditioning with the Hsp22-overexpressing lentivirus attenuated LPS-induced activation of hippocampal microglia, the expression of inflammatory factors and pathway proteins, and apoptosis, and improved cognitive impairment in mice. In addition, plasmid-mediated Hsp22 overexpression reversed LPS-induced inflammation. These findings suggest that Hsp22 overexpression is a promising method for the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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10
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Small heat shock proteins operate as molecular chaperones in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:467-480. [PMID: 36690850 PMCID: PMC10014586 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with different compartments, each harbouring their own protein quality control factors. While chaperones of the mitochondrial matrix are well characterized, it is poorly understood which chaperones protect the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Here we show that cytosolic small heat shock proteins are imported under basal conditions into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where they operate as molecular chaperones. Protein misfolding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space leads to increased recruitment of small heat shock proteins. Depletion of small heat shock proteins leads to mitochondrial swelling and reduced respiration, while aggregation of aggregation-prone substrates is countered in their presence. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutations disturb the mitochondrial function of HSPB1, potentially linking previously observed mitochondrial dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2F to its role in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Our results reveal that small heat shock proteins form a chaperone system that operates in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
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11
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Yang C, Zhao X, An X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Lian F. Axonal transport deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136796. [PMID: 37056668 PMCID: PMC10086245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and prevalent metabolic disease that gravely endangers human health and seriously affects the quality of life of hyperglycemic patients. More seriously, it can lead to amputation and neuropathic pain, imposing a severe financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Even with strict glycemic control or pancreas transplantation, peripheral nerve damage is difficult to reverse. Most current treatment options for DPN can only treat the symptoms but not the underlying mechanism. Patients with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) develop axonal transport dysfunction, which could be an important factor in causing or exacerbating DPN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that may be related to axonal transport impairment and cytoskeletal changes caused by DM, and the relevance of the latter with the occurrence and progression of DPN, including nerve fiber loss, diminished nerve conduction velocity, and impaired nerve regeneration, and also predicts possible therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuronal injury is essential to prevent the deterioration of DPN and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Timely and effective improvement of axonal transport impairment is particularly critical for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
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12
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Zhang X, Qiao Y, Han R, Gao Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wan Y, Yu W, Pan X, Xing J. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Causing Mutation in HSPB1 Decreases Cell Adaptation to Repeated Stress by Disrupting Autophagic Clearance of Misfolded Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182886. [PMID: 36139461 PMCID: PMC9496658 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neurodegenerative disorder with selective degeneration of peripheral nerves. Despite advances in identifying CMT-causing genes, the underlying molecular mechanism, particularly of selective degeneration of peripheral neurons remains to be elucidated. Since peripheral neurons are sensitive to multiple stresses, we hypothesized that daily repeated stress might be an essential contributor to the selective degeneration of peripheral neurons induced by CMT-causing mutations. Here, we mainly focused on the biological effects of the dominant missense mutation (S135F) in the 27-kDa small heat-shock protein HSPB1 under repeated heat shock. HSPB1S135F presented hyperactive binding to both α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin during repeated heat shock when compared with the wild type. The aberrant interactions with tubulin prevented microtubule-based transport of heat shock-induced misfolded proteins for the formation of perinuclear aggresomes. Furthermore, the transport of autophagosomes along microtubules was also blocked. These results indicate that the autophagy pathway was disrupted, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates and a significant decrease in cell adaptation to repeated stress. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of HSPB1S135F-induced selective degeneration of peripheral neurons and perspectives for targeting autophagy as a promising therapeutic strategy for CMT neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yaru Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ronglin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yingjie Gao
- Department of Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (X.P.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xianchao Pan
- Department of Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (X.P.); (W.Y.)
| | - Juan Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (X.P.); (W.Y.)
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13
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Lu S, Hu J, Arogundade OA, Goginashvili A, Vazquez-Sanchez S, Diedrich JK, Gu J, Blum J, Oung S, Ye Q, Yu H, Ravits J, Liu C, Yates JR, Cleveland DW. Heat-shock chaperone HSPB1 regulates cytoplasmic TDP-43 phase separation and liquid-to-gel transition. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1378-1393. [PMID: 36075972 PMCID: PMC9872726 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While acetylated, RNA-binding-deficient TDP-43 reversibly phase separates within nuclei into complex droplets (anisosomes) comprised of TDP-43-containing liquid outer shells and liquid centres of HSP70-family chaperones, cytoplasmic aggregates of TDP-43 are hallmarks of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we show that transient oxidative stress, proteasome inhibition or inhibition of the ATP-dependent chaperone activity of HSP70 provokes reversible cytoplasmic TDP-43 de-mixing and transition from liquid to gel/solid, independently of RNA binding or stress granules. Isotope labelling mass spectrometry was used to identify that phase-separated cytoplasmic TDP-43 is bound by the small heat-shock protein HSPB1. Binding is direct, mediated through TDP-43's RNA binding and low-complexity domains. HSPB1 partitions into TDP-43 droplets, inhibits TDP-43 assembly into fibrils, and is essential for disassembly of stress-induced TDP-43 droplets. A decrease in HSPB1 promotes cytoplasmic TDP-43 de-mixing and mislocalization. HSPB1 depletion was identified in spinal motor neurons of patients with ALS containing aggregated TDP-43. These findings identify HSPB1 to be a regulator of cytoplasmic TDP-43 phase separation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Alexander Goginashvili
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Vazquez-Sanchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jinge Gu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob Blum
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Oung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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14
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The division protein FtsZ interacts with the small heat shock protein IbpA in Acholeplasma laidlawii. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Holguin BA, Hildenbrand ZL, Bernal RA. Insights Into the Role of Heat Shock Protein 27 in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868089. [PMID: 35431800 PMCID: PMC9005852 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock protein 27 is a critically important chaperone, that plays a key role in several essential and varied physiological processes. These include thermotolerance, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell differentiation, protein folding, among others. Despite its relatively small size and intrinsically disordered termini, it forms large and polydisperse oligomers that are in equilibrium with dimers. This equilibrium is driven by transient interactions between the N-terminal region, the α-crystallin domain, and the C-terminal region. The continuous redistribution of binding partners results in a conformationally dynamic protein that allows it to adapt to different functions where substrate capture is required. However, the intrinsic disorder of the amino and carboxy terminal regions and subsequent conformational variability has made structural investigations challenging. Because heat shock protein 27 is critical for so many key cellular functions, it is not surprising that it also has been linked to human disease. Charcot-Marie-Tooth and distal hereditary motor neuropathy are examples of neurodegenerative disorders that arise from single point mutations in heat shock protein 27. The development of possible treatments, however, depends on our understanding of its normal function at the molecular level so we might be able to understand how mutations manifest as disease. This review will summarize recent reports describing investigations into the structurally elusive regions of Hsp27. Recent insights begin to provide the required context to explain the relationship between a mutation and the resulting loss or gain of function that leads to Charcot-Marie Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy.
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16
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Ababneh NA, Ali D, Al-Kurdi B, Barham R, Bsisu IK, Dababseh D, Arafat S, Khanfar AN, Makahleh L, Ryalat AT, Sallam M, El-Khateeb M, Sharrack B, Awidi A. The utility of whole-exome sequencing in accurate diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders in consanguineous families in Jordan. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:330-338. [PMID: 34624274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) encompass a large group of genetic and acquired diseases affecting muscles, leading to progressive muscular weakness. These disorders are frequently inherited in an autosomal-recessive (AR) pattern with extreme heterogeneity and various clinical presentations. Consanguinity increases the likelihood of AR disorders, with high rates of cousin inbreeding in Jordan and other Arab countries. In Jordan, the implementation of genetic diagnosis is limited, with delayed or misdiagnosis of genetic disorders. Thus, the lack of genetic counselling and specialized treatment options is frequently encountered in the country. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted for eleven probands from ten Jordanian families who have been formerly diagnosed with limb-girdle dystrophy (LGMD) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). The previous diagnoses were established principally on clinical examination in the absence of genetic testing. Additionally, Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis were used to validate the resulted pathogenic variants. RESULTS Multiple variants were identified using WES: For DYSF gene, a missense variant (c. 4076 T > C, p.Leu1359Pro) in exon 38; a nonsense variant (c. 4321C > T, p.Gln1441Ter) in exon 39; a single-nucleotide deletion (c. 5711delG, p.Gly1904AlafsTer101) in exon 51. Other variants included a missense variant (c. 122G > A, p.Arg41Gln) in exon 3 of MPV17 gene, a single-nucleotide deletion (c. 859 delC, p.Lue287Ser fs14*) in exon 6 of SGCB gene, a missense variant (c. 311G > A, p.Gly104Asp) in exon 2 of SLC25A46 gene, a nonsense variant (c. 496C > T, p.Arg166Ter) in exon 5 of SGCG gene, and a nonsense variant (c.3202C > T, p.Gln1068Ter) in exon 13 of SH3TC2 gene. CONCLUSION Utilization of WES is helpful to facilitate rapid and accurate NMDs diagnosis, complementing a thorough clinical evaluation. This approach can be invaluable to aid in the identification of genetic risks among consanguineous couples. Subsequently, well-informed genetic counselling and potential individualized treatment can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidaa A Ababneh
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Dema Ali
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ban Al-Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raghda Barham
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Isam K Bsisu
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Deema Dababseh
- Department of Dentistry, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sally Arafat
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asim N Khanfar
- School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Leen Makahleh
- School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Basil Sharrack
- Academic Department of Neuroscience and Sheffield NIHR Neuroscience BRC, Royal Hallamshire Hospital and the University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
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17
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Animal Models as a Tool to Design Therapeutical Strategies for CMT-like Hereditary Neuropathies. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091237. [PMID: 34573256 PMCID: PMC8465478 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, animal models have provided fundamental information in medical knowledge. This also applies for discoveries in the field of inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs), where they have been instrumental for our understanding of nerve development, pathogenesis of neuropathy, molecules and pathways involved and to design potential therapies. In this review, we briefly describe how animal models have been used in ancient medicine until the use of rodents as the prevalent model in present times. We then travel along different examples of how rodents have been used to improve our understanding of IPNs. We do not intend to describe all discoveries and animal models developed for IPNs, but just to touch on a few arbitrary and paradigmatic examples, taken from our direct experience or from literature. The idea is to show how strategies have been developed to finally arrive to possible treatments for IPNs.
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18
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Makley LN, Johnson OT, Ghanakota P, Rauch JN, Osborn D, Wu TS, Cierpicki T, Carlson HA, Gestwicki JE. Chemical validation of a druggable site on Hsp27/HSPB1 using in silico solvent mapping and biophysical methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 34:115990. [PMID: 33549906 PMCID: PMC7968374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Destabilizing mutations in small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are linked to multiple diseases; however, sHsps are conformationally dynamic, lack enzymatic function and have no endogenous chemical ligands. These factors render sHsps as classically "undruggable" targets and make it particularly challenging to identify molecules that might bind and stabilize them. To explore potential solutions, we designed a multi-pronged screening workflow involving a combination of computational and biophysical ligand-discovery platforms. Using the core domain of the sHsp family member Hsp27/HSPB1 (Hsp27c) as a target, we applied mixed solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) to predict three possible binding sites, which we confirmed using NMR-based solvent mapping. Using this knowledge, we then used NMR spectroscopy to carry out a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) screen, ultimately identifying two fragments that bind to one of these sites. A medicinal chemistry effort improved the affinity of one fragment by ~50-fold (16 µM), while maintaining good ligand efficiency (~0.32 kcal/mol/non-hydrogen atom). Finally, we found that binding to this site partially restored the stability of disease-associated Hsp27 variants, in a redox-dependent manner. Together, these experiments suggest a new and unexpected binding site on Hsp27, which might be exploited to build chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah N Makley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Oleta T Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Phani Ghanakota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Delaney Osborn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Taia S Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Heather A Carlson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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20
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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21
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The Neurochaperonopathies: Anomalies of the Chaperone System with Pathogenic Effects in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone (or chaperoning) system (CS) constitutes molecular chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors, interactors and receptors, and its canonical role is protein quality control. A malfunction of the CS may cause diseases, known as the chaperonopathies. These are caused by qualitatively and/or quantitatively abnormal molecular chaperones. Since the CS is ubiquitous, chaperonopathies are systemic, affecting various tissues and organs, playing an etiologic-pathogenic role in diverse conditions. In this review, we focus on chaperonopathies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems: the neurochaperonopathies (NCPs). Genetic NCPs are linked to pathogenic variants of chaperone genes encoding, for example, the small Hsp, Hsp10, Hsp40, Hsp60, and CCT-BBS (chaperonin-containing TCP-1- Bardet–Biedl syndrome) chaperones. Instead, the acquired NCPs are associated with malfunctional chaperones, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and VCP/p97 with aberrant post-translational modifications. Awareness of the chaperonopathies as the underlying primary or secondary causes of disease will improve diagnosis and patient management and open the possibility of investigating and developing chaperonotherapy, namely treatment with the abnormal chaperone as the main target. Positive chaperonotherapy would apply in chaperonopathies by defect, i.e., chaperone insufficiency, and consist of chaperone replacement or boosting, whereas negative chaperonotherapy would be pertinent when a chaperone actively participates in the initiation and progression of the disease and must be blocked and eliminated.
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22
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Polysaccharide from spore of Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates paclitaxel-induced intestinal barrier injury: Apoptosis inhibition by reversing microtubule polymerization. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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23
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Muranova LK, Sudnitsyna MV, Strelkov SV, Gusev NB. Mutations in HspB1 and hereditary neuropathies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:655-665. [PMID: 32301006 PMCID: PMC7332652 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is major hereditary neuropathy. CMT has been linked to mutations in a range of proteins, including the small heat shock protein HspB1. Here we review the properties of several HspB1 mutants associated with CMT. In vitro, mutations in the N-terminal domain lead to a formation of larger HspB1 oligomers when compared with the wild-type (WT) protein. These mutants are resistant to phosphorylation-induced dissociation and reveal lower chaperone-like activity than the WT on a range of model substrates. Mutations in the α-crystallin domain lead to the formation of yet larger HspB1 oligomers tending to dissociate at low protein concentration and having variable chaperone-like activity. Mutations in the conservative IPV motif within the C-terminal domain induce the formation of very large oligomers with low chaperone-like activity. Most mutants interact with a partner small heat shock protein, HspB6, in a manner different from that of the WT protein. The link between the altered physico-chemical properties and the pathological CMT phenotype is a subject of discussion. Certain HspB1 mutations appear to have an effect on cytoskeletal elements such as intermediate filaments and/or microtubules, and by this means damage the axonal transport. In addition, mutations of HspB1 can affect the metabolism in astroglia and indirectly modulate the viability of motor neurons. While the mechanisms of pathological mutations in HspB1 are likely to vary greatly across different mutations, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required for a better understanding of the CMT disease at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Muranova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Maria V Sudnitsyna
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Sergei V Strelkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Biocrystallography, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
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24
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Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V. Small heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:679-699. [PMID: 32323160 PMCID: PMC7332613 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitously expressed chaperones, yet mutations in some of them cause tissue-specific diseases. Here, we will discuss how small heat shock proteins give rise to neurodegenerative disorders themselves while we will also highlight how these proteins can fulfil protective functions in neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein aggregation. The first half of this paper will be focused on how mutations in HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8 are linked to inherited peripheral neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). The second part of the paper will discuss how small heat shock proteins are linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vendredy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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Dabbaghizadeh A, Tanguay RM. Structural and functional properties of proteins interacting with small heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:629-637. [PMID: 32314314 PMCID: PMC7332586 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones found in all domains of life, possessing significant roles in protein quality control in cells and assisting the refolding of non-native proteins. They are efficient chaperones against many in vitro protein substrates. Nevertheless, the in vivo native substrates of sHsps are not known. To better understand the functions of sHsps and the mechanisms by which they enhance heat resistance, sHsp-interacting proteins were identified using affinity purification under heat shock conditions. This paper aims at providing some insights into the characteristics of natural substrate proteins of sHsps. It seems that sHsps of prokaryotes, as well as sHsps of some eukaryotes, can bind to a wide range of substrate proteins with a preference for certain functional classes of proteins. Using Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial Hsp22 as a model system, we observed that this sHsp interacted with the members of ATP synthase machinery. Mechanistically, Hsp22 interacts with the multi-type substrate proteins under heat shock conditions as well as non-heat shock conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Dabbaghizadeh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert M Tanguay
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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26
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Neuromuscular Diseases Due to Chaperone Mutations: A Review and Some New Results. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041409. [PMID: 32093037 PMCID: PMC7073051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and the nervous system depend on efficient protein quality control, and they express chaperones and cochaperones at high levels to maintain protein homeostasis. Mutations in many of these proteins cause neuromuscular diseases, myopathies, and hereditary motor and sensorimotor neuropathies. In this review, we cover mutations in DNAJB6, DNAJB2, αB-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5), HSPB1, HSPB3, HSPB8, and BAG3, and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which they cause neuromuscular disease. In addition, previously unpublished results are presented, showing downstream effects of BAG3 p.P209L on DNAJB6 turnover and localization.
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27
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Muranova LK, Ryzhavskaya AS, Sudnitsyna MV, Shatov VM, Gusev NB. Small Heat Shock Proteins and Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1256-1267. [PMID: 31760916 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791911004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the role of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and different forms of tauopathies. The effects of CMT-associated mutations in two small heat shock proteins (HspB1 and HspB8) on the protein stability, oligomeric structure, and chaperone-like activity are described. Mutations in HspB1 shift the equilibrium between different protein oligomeric forms, leading to the alterations in its chaperone-like activity and interaction with protein partners, which can induce damage of the cytoskeleton and neuronal death. Mutations in HspB8 affect its interaction with the adapter protein Bag3, as well as the process of autophagy, also resulting in neuronal death. The impact of sHsps on different forms of amyloidosis is discussed. Experimental studies have shown that sHsps interact with monomers or small oligomers of amyloidogenic proteins, stabilize their structure, prevent their aggregation, and/or promote their specific proteolytic degradation. This effect might be due to the interaction between the β-strands of sHsps and β-strands of target proteins, which prevents aggregation of the latter. In cooperation with the other heat shock proteins, sHsps can promote disassembly of oligomers formed by amyloidogenic proteins. Despite significant achievements, further investigations are required for understanding the role of sHsps in protection against various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Muranova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A S Ryzhavskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M V Sudnitsyna
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V M Shatov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N B Gusev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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28
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Benoy V, Van Helleputte L, Prior R, d'Ydewalle C, Haeck W, Geens N, Scheveneels W, Schevenels B, Cader MZ, Talbot K, Kozikowski AP, Vanden Berghe P, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Van Den Bosch L. HDAC6 is a therapeutic target in mutant GARS-induced Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain 2019; 141:673-687. [PMID: 29415205 PMCID: PMC5837793 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve axons require a well-organized axonal microtubule network for efficient transport to ensure the constant crosstalk between soma and synapse. Mutations in more than 80 different genes cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which is the most common inherited disorder affecting peripheral nerves. This genetic heterogeneity has hampered the development of therapeutics for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The aim of this study was to explore whether histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) can serve as a therapeutic target focusing on the mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS/GARS)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia from the C201R mutant Gars mouse model showed reduced acetylated α-tubulin levels. In primary dorsal root ganglion neurons, mutant GlyRS affected neurite length and disrupted normal mitochondrial transport. We demonstrated that GlyRS co-immunoprecipitated with HDAC6 and that this interaction was blocked by tubastatin A, a selective inhibitor of the deacetylating function of HDAC6. Moreover, HDAC6 inhibition restored mitochondrial axonal transport in mutant GlyRS-expressing neurons. Systemic delivery of a specific HDAC6 inhibitor increased α-tubulin acetylation in peripheral nerves and partially restored nerve conduction and motor behaviour in mutant Gars mice. Our study demonstrates that α-tubulin deacetylation and disrupted axonal transport may represent a common pathogenic mechanism underlying Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and it broadens the therapeutic potential of selective HDAC6 inhibition to other genetic forms of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronick Benoy
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lawrence Van Helleputte
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Prior
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantin d'Ydewalle
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wanda Haeck
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natasja Geens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Scheveneels
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Begga Schevenels
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Drug Discovery Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB - Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2F (Hsp27 mutations): A review. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104505. [PMID: 31212070 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a commonly inherited form of neuropathy. Although named over 100 years ago, identification of subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth has rapidly expanded in the preceding decades with the advancement of genetic sequencing, including type 2F (CMT2F), due to mutations in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). However, despite CMT being one of the most common inherited neurological diseases, definitive mechanistic models of pathology and effective treatments for CMT2F are lacking. This review extensively profiles the published literature on CMT2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy II (dHMN II), a similar neuropathy with exclusively motor symptoms that is also due to mutations in Hsp27. This includes a review of case reports and sequencing studies detailing disease course. Included are tables listing of all known published mutations of Hsp27 that cause symptoms of CMT2F and dHMN II. Furthermore, pathological mechanisms are assessed. While many groups have established pathologies relating to defective chaperone function, cellular neurofilament and microtubule structure and function, and mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, there are still discrepancies in results between different model systems. Moreover, initial mouse models have also produced promising results with similar phenotypes to humans, however discrepancies still exist. Both patient-focused and scientific studies have demonstrated variability in phenotypes even considering specific mutations. Given the clinical heterogeneity in presentation, CMT2F and dHMN II likely result from similar pathological mechanisms of the same general disease process that may present distinctly due to other genetic and environment influences. Determining how these influences exert their effects to produce pathology contributing to the disease phenotype will be a major future challenge ahead in the field.
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30
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Haidar M, Asselbergh B, Adriaenssens E, De Winter V, Timmermans JP, Auer-Grumbach M, Juneja M, Timmerman V. Neuropathy-causing mutations in HSPB1 impair autophagy by disturbing the formation of SQSTM1/p62 bodies. Autophagy 2019; 15:1051-1068. [PMID: 30669930 PMCID: PMC6526868 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPB1 (heat shock protein family B [small] member 1) is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone. Most mutations in HSPB1 cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and/or distal hereditary motor neuropathy. In this study we show that mutations in HSPB1 lead to impairment of macroautophagic/autophagic flux. In HSPB1 knockout cells, we demonstrate that HSPB1 is necessary for autophagosome formation, which was rescued upon re-expression of HSPB1. Employing a label-free LC-MS/MS analysis on the various HSPB1 variants (wild type and mutants), we identified autophagy-specific interactors. We reveal that the wild-type HSPB1 protein binds to the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 and that the PB1 domain of SQSTM1 is essential for this interaction. Mutations in HSPB1 lead to a decrease in the formation of SQSTM1/p62 bodies, and subsequent impairment of phagophore formation, suggesting a regulatory role for HSPB1 in autophagy via interaction with SQSTM1. Remarkably, autophagy deficits could also be confirmed in patient-derived motor neurons thereby indicating that the impairment of autophagy might be one of the pathomechanisms by which mutations in HSPB1 lead to peripheral neuropathy. Abbreviations: ACD: alpha-crystallin domain; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATG14: autophagy related 14; BAG1/3: BCL2 associated athanogene 1/3; CMT: Charcot-Marie-Tooth; dHMN: distal hereditary motor neuropathy; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HSPA8: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; HSPB1/6/8: heat shock protein family B (small) member 1/6/8; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; PB1: Phox and Bem1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STUB1/CHIP: STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicky De Winter
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Manisha Juneja
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Local unfolding of the HSP27 monomer regulates chaperone activity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1068. [PMID: 30842409 PMCID: PMC6403371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat-shock protein HSP27 is a redox-sensitive molecular chaperone that is expressed throughout the human body. Here, we describe redox-induced changes to the structure, dynamics, and function of HSP27 and its conserved α-crystallin domain (ACD). While HSP27 assembles into oligomers, we show that the monomers formed upon reduction are highly active chaperones in vitro, but are susceptible to self-aggregation. By using relaxation dispersion and high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we observe that the pair of β-strands that mediate dimerisation partially unfold in the monomer. We note that numerous HSP27 mutations associated with inherited neuropathies cluster to this dynamic region. High levels of sequence conservation in ACDs from mammalian sHSPs suggest that the exposed, disordered interface present in free monomers or oligomeric subunits may be a general, functional feature of sHSPs. The small heat-shock protein HSP27 occurs predominantly in oligomeric forms, which makes its structural characterisation challenging. Here the authors employ CPMG and high-pressure NMR with native mass spectrometry and biophysical assays to show that the active monomeric form of HSP27 is substantially disordered and highly chaperone-active.
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32
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Miller DJ, Fort PE. Heat Shock Proteins Regulatory Role in Neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:821. [PMID: 30483047 PMCID: PMC6244093 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a large family of molecular chaperones that are well-known for their roles in protein maturation, re-folding and degradation. While some Hsps are constitutively expressed in certain regions, others are rapidly upregulated in the presence of stressful stimuli. Numerous stressors, including hyperthermia and hypoxia, can induce the expression of Hsps, which, in turn, interact with client proteins and co-chaperones to regulate cell growth and survival. Such interactions must be tightly regulated, especially at critical points during embryonic and postnatal development. Hsps exhibit specific patterns of expression consistent with a spatio-temporally regulated role in neurodevelopment. There is also growing evidence that Hsps may promote or inhibit neurodevelopment through specific pathways regulating cell differentiation, neurite outgrowth, cell migration, or angiogenesis. This review will examine the regulatory role that these individual chaperones may play in neurodevelopment, and will focus specifically on the signaling pathways involved in the maturation of neuronal and glial cells as well as the underlying vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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33
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Weeks SD, Muranova LK, Heirbaut M, Beelen S, Strelkov SV, Gusev NB. Characterization of human small heat shock protein HSPB1 α-crystallin domain localized mutants associated with hereditary motor neuron diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:688. [PMID: 29330367 PMCID: PMC5766566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital mutations in human small heat shock protein HSPB1 (HSP27) have been linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a commonly occurring peripheral neuropathy. Understanding the molecular mechanism of such mutations is indispensable towards developing future therapies for this currently incurable disorder. Here we describe the physico-chemical properties of the autosomal dominant HSPB1 mutants R127W, S135F and R136W. Despite having a nominal effect on thermal stability, the three mutations induce dramatic changes to quaternary structure. At high concentrations or under crowding conditions, the mutants form assemblies that are approximately two times larger than those formed by the wild-type protein. At low concentrations, the mutants have a higher propensity to dissociate into small oligomers, while the dissociation of R127W and R135F mutants is enhanced by MAPKAP kinase-2 mediated phosphorylation. Specific differences are observed in the ability to form hetero-oligomers with the homologue HSPB6 (HSP20). For wild-type HSPB1 this only occurs at or above physiological temperature, whereas the R127W and S135F mutants form hetero-oligomers with HSPB6 at 4 °C, and the R136W mutant fails to form hetero-oligomers. Combined, the results suggest that the disease-related mutations of HSPB1 modify its self-assembly and interaction with partner proteins thus affecting normal functioning of HSPB1 in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Weeks
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lydia K Muranova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Michelle Heirbaut
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Beelen
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergei V Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
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34
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Kalmar B, Innes A, Wanisch K, Kolaszynska AK, Pandraud A, Kelly G, Abramov AY, Reilly MM, Schiavo G, Greensmith L. Mitochondrial deficits and abnormal mitochondrial retrograde axonal transport play a role in the pathogenesis of mutant Hsp27-induced Charcot Marie Tooth Disease. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3313-3326. [PMID: 28595321 PMCID: PMC5808738 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the small heat shock protein Hsp27, encoded by the HSPB1 gene, have been shown to cause Charcot Marie Tooth Disease type 2 (CMT-2) or distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). Protein aggregation and axonal transport deficits have been implicated in the disease. In this study, we conducted analysis of bidirectional movements of mitochondria in primary motor neuron axons expressing wild type and mutant Hsp27. We found significantly slower retrograde transport of mitochondria in Ser135Phe, Pro39Leu and Arg140Gly mutant Hsp27 expressing motor neurons than in wild type Hsp27 neurons, although anterograde movement velocities remained normal. Retrograde transport of other important cargoes, such as the p75 neurotrophic factor receptor was minimally altered in mutant Hsp27 neurons, implicating that axonal transport deficits primarily affect mitochondria and the axonal transport machinery itself is less affected. Investigation of mitochondrial function revealed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in mutant Hsp27 expressing motor axons, as well as a reduction in mitochondrial complex 1 activity, increased vulnerability of mitochondria to mitochondrial stressors, leading to elevated superoxide release and reduced mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels, although cytosolic GSH remained normal. This mitochondrial redox imbalance in mutant Hsp27 motor neurons is likely to cause low level of oxidative stress, which in turn will contribute to, and indeed may be the underlying cause of the deficits in mitochondrial axonal transport. Together, these findings suggest that the mitochondrial abnormalities in mutant Hsp27-induced neuropathies may be a primary cause of pathology, leading to further deficits in the mitochondrial axonal transport and onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Innes
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases
| | - Klaus Wanisch
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Amelie Pandraud
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1?1AT, UK
| | | | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases
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35
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Schwartz NU, Linzer RW, Truman JP, Gurevich M, Hannun YA, Senkal CE, Obeid LM. Decreased ceramide underlies mitochondrial dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2F. FASEB J 2018; 32:1716-1728. [PMID: 29133339 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701067r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most commonly inherited neurologic disorder, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. One variant of CMT, 2F, is characterized by mutations in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). As bioactive sphingolipids have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, we sought to determine if their dysregulation is involved in CMT. Here, we show that Hsp27 knockout mice demonstrated decreases in ceramide in peripheral nerve tissue and that the disease-associated Hsp27 S135F mutant demonstrated decreases in mitochondrial ceramide. Given that Hsp27 is a chaperone protein, we examined its role in regulating ceramide synthases (CerSs), an enzyme family responsible for catalyzing generation of the sphingolipid ceramide. We determined that CerSs colocalized with Hsp27, and upon the presence of S135F mutants, CerS1 lost its colocalization with mitochondria suggesting that decreased mitochondrial ceramides result from reduced mitochondrial CerS localization rather than decreased CerS activity. Mitochondria in mutant cells appeared larger with increased interconnectivity. Furthermore, mutant cell lines demonstrated decreased mitochondrial respiratory function and increased autophagic flux. Mitochondrial structural and functional changes were recapitulated by blocking ceramide generation pharmacologically. These results suggest that mutant Hsp27 decreases mitochondrial ceramide levels, producing structural and functional changes in mitochondria leading to neuronal degeneration.-Schwartz, N. U., Linzer, R. W., Truman, J.-P., Gurevich, M., Hannun, Y. A., Senkal, C. E., Obeid, L. M. Decreased ceramide underlies mitochondrial dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas U Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ryan W Linzer
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Philip Truman
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mikhail Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Can E Senkal
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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36
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Bouhy D, Juneja M, Katona I, Holmgren A, Asselbergh B, De Winter V, Hochepied T, Goossens S, Haigh JJ, Libert C, Ceuterick-de Groote C, Irobi J, Weis J, Timmerman V. A knock-in/knock-out mouse model of HSPB8-associated distal hereditary motor neuropathy and myopathy reveals toxic gain-of-function of mutant Hspb8. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:131-148. [PMID: 28780615 PMCID: PMC5756276 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the small heat shock protein B8 gene (HSPB8/HSP22) have been associated with distal hereditary motor neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and recently distal myopathy. It is so far not clear how mutant HSPB8 induces the neuronal and muscular phenotypes and if a common pathogenesis lies behind these diseases. Growing evidence points towards a role of HSPB8 in chaperone-associated autophagy, which has been shown to be a determinant for the clearance of poly-glutamine aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases but also for the maintenance of skeletal muscle myofibrils. To test this hypothesis and better dissect the pathomechanism of mutant HSPB8, we generated a new transgenic mouse model leading to the expression of the mutant protein (knock-in lines) or the loss-of-function (functional knock-out lines) of the endogenous protein Hspb8. While the homozygous knock-in mice developed motor deficits associated with degeneration of peripheral nerves and severe muscle atrophy corroborating patient data, homozygous knock-out mice had locomotor performances equivalent to those of wild-type animals. The distal skeletal muscles of the post-symptomatic homozygous knock-in displayed Z-disk disorganisation, granulofilamentous material accumulation along with Hspb8, αB-crystallin (HSPB5/CRYAB), and desmin aggregates. The presence of the aggregates correlated with reduced markers of effective autophagy. The sciatic nerve of the homozygous knock-in mice was characterized by low autophagy potential in pre-symptomatic and Hspb8 aggregates in post-symptomatic animals. On the other hand, the sciatic nerve of the homozygous knock-out mice presented a normal morphology and their distal muscle displayed accumulation of abnormal mitochondria but intact myofiber and Z-line organisation. Our data, therefore, suggest that toxic gain-of-function of mutant Hspb8 aggregates is a major contributor to the peripheral neuropathy and the myopathy. In addition, mutant Hspb8 induces impairments in autophagy that may aggravate the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bouhy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Manisha Juneja
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Holmgren
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vicky De Winter
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Mammalian Functional Genetics Laboratory, Division of Blood Cancers, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Chantal Ceuterick-de Groote
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge and Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Joy Irobi
- Neurofunctional Genomics, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University/Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Prior R, Van Helleputte L, Benoy V, Van Den Bosch L. Defective axonal transport: A common pathological mechanism in inherited and acquired peripheral neuropathies. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:300-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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HSPB1 mutations causing hereditary neuropathy in humans disrupt non-cell autonomous protection of motor neurons. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:101-109. [PMID: 28797631 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional protein chaperone. Mutations in HSPB1 result in the development of a late-onset, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II (dHMN) and axonal Charcot-Marie Tooth disease with sensory involvement (CMT2F). The functional consequences of HSPB1 mutations associated with hereditary neuropathy are unknown. HSPB1 also displays neuroprotective properties in many neuronal disease models, including the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). HSPB1 is upregulated in SOD1-ALS animal models during disease progression, predominately in glial cells. Glial cells are known to contribute to motor neuron loss in ALS through a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In this study, we examined the non-cell autonomous role of wild type and mutant HSPB1 in an astrocyte-motor neuron co-culture model system of ALS. Astrocyte-specific overexpression of wild type HSPB1 was sufficient to attenuate SOD1(G93A) astrocyte-mediated toxicity in motor neurons, whereas, overexpression of mutHSPB1 failed to ameliorate motor neuron toxicity. Expression of a phosphomimetic HSPB1 mutant in SOD1(G93A) astrocytes also reduced toxicity to motor neurons, suggesting that phosphorylation may contribute to HSPB1 mediated-neuroprotection. These data provide evidence that astrocytic HSPB1 expression may play a central role in motor neuron health and maintenance.
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Yang XD, Cen ZD, Cheng HP, Shi K, Bai J, Xie F, Wu HW, Li BB, Luo W. L-3-n-Butylphthalide Protects HSPB8 K141N Mutation-Induced Oxidative Stress by Modulating the Mitochondrial Apoptotic and Nrf2 Pathways. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:402. [PMID: 28747872 PMCID: PMC5506380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, is the most common inherited peripheral nerve disorder. Missense mutations, such as K141N, in the small heat shock protein HSPB8 are known to cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy 2A (dHMN2A) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2L (CMT2L). However, of critical clinical significance, very few specific therapies for this disease exist. In the present study, we investigated the impact of mutant K141N HSPB8 on mitochondrial distribution and function in a cellular model of CMT2L. Our results indicate that K141N HSPB8 induced mitochondrial aggregation and caused increased oxidative stress injury. As an extraction from Chinese celery Apium graveolens Linn seeds, L-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP), has been reported to exert many neuroprotective effects, we interrogated whether NBP could elicit a protective effect on the cell injury typically caused by HSPB8 K141N mutations. We found NBP could reverse the pathological processes induced by HSPB8 K141N mutation via an antioxidant effect, modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 mitochondrial apoptotic and Nrf2 pathways. We propose a novel function of HSPB8, highlighting the consequence of the K141N pathogenic mutation. Furthermore, we suggest NBP may have promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of CMT2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Cen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, United States
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao No.8 People's HospitalQingdao, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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40
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Carver JA, Grosas AB, Ecroyd H, Quinlan RA. The functional roles of the unstructured N- and C-terminal regions in αB-crystallin and other mammalian small heat-shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:627-638. [PMID: 28391594 PMCID: PMC5465038 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), such as αB-crystallin, are one of the major classes of molecular chaperone proteins. In vivo, under conditions of cellular stress, sHsps are the principal defence proteins that prevent large-scale protein aggregation. Progress in determining the structure of sHsps has been significant recently, particularly in relation to the conserved, central and β-sheet structured α-crystallin domain (ACD). However, an understanding of the structure and functional roles of the N- and C-terminal flanking regions has proved elusive mainly because of their unstructured and dynamic nature. In this paper, we propose functional roles for both flanking regions, based around three properties: (i) they act in a localised crowding manner to regulate interactions with target proteins during chaperone action, (ii) they protect the ACD from deleterious amyloid fibril formation and (iii) the flexibility of these regions, particularly at the extreme C-terminus in mammalian sHsps, provides solubility for sHsps under chaperone and non-chaperone conditions. In the eye lens, these properties are highly relevant as the crystallin proteins, in particular the two sHsps αA- and αB-crystallin, are present at very high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Aidan B Grosas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Charmpilas N, Kyriakakis E, Tavernarakis N. Small heat shock proteins in ageing and age-related diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:481-492. [PMID: 28074336 PMCID: PMC5465026 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis across species, preserving proteome integrity under stressful conditions. Nonetheless, recent evidence suggests that sHSPs are more than molecular chaperones with merely auxiliary role. In contrast, sHSPs have emerged as central lifespan determinants, and their malfunction has been associated with the manifestation of neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease and cancer malignancies. In this review, we focus on the role of sHSPs in ageing and age-associated diseases and highlight the most prominent paradigms, where impairment of sHSP function has been implicated in human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Charmpilas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kyriakakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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42
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Geuens T, De Winter V, Rajan N, Achsel T, Mateiu L, Almeida-Souza L, Asselbergh B, Bouhy D, Auer-Grumbach M, Bagni C, Timmerman V. Mutant HSPB1 causes loss of translational repression by binding to PCBP1, an RNA binding protein with a possible role in neurodegenerative disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28077174 PMCID: PMC5225548 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein HSPB1 (Hsp27) is an ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone able to regulate various cellular functions like actin dynamics, oxidative stress regulation and anti-apoptosis. So far disease causing mutations in HSPB1 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as distal hereditary motor neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Most mutations in HSPB1 target its highly conserved α-crystallin domain, while other mutations affect the C- or N-terminal regions or its promotor. Mutations inside the α-crystallin domain have been shown to enhance the chaperone activity of HSPB1 and increase the binding to client proteins. However, the HSPB1-P182L mutation, located outside and downstream of the α-crystallin domain, behaves differently. This specific HSPB1 mutation results in a severe neuropathy phenotype affecting exclusively the motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system. We identified that the HSPB1-P182L mutant protein has a specifically increased interaction with the RNA binding protein poly(C)binding protein 1 (PCBP1) and results in a reduction of its translational repressive activity. RNA immunoprecipitation followed by RNA sequencing on mouse brain lead to the identification of PCBP1 mRNA targets. These targets contain larger 3′- and 5′-UTRs than average and are enriched in an RNA motif consisting of the CTCCTCCTCCTCC consensus sequence. Interestingly, next to the clear presence of neuronal transcripts among the identified PCBP1 targets we identified known genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathies and hereditary spastic paraplegias. We therefore conclude that HSPB1 can mediate translational repression through interaction with an RNA binding protein further supporting its role in neurodegenerative disease.
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HDAC6 Inhibitors Rescued the Defective Axonal Mitochondrial Movement in Motor Neurons Derived from the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Peripheral Neuropathy Patients with HSPB1 Mutation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9475981. [PMID: 28105056 PMCID: PMC5220520 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9475981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2F (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy 2B (dHMN2B) are caused by autosomal dominantly inherited mutations of the heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSPB1) gene and there are no specific therapies available yet. Here, we assessed the potential therapeutic effect of HDAC6 inhibitors on peripheral neuropathy with HSPB1 mutation using in vitro model of motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of CMT2F and dHMN2B patients. The absolute velocity of mitochondrial movements and the percentage of moving mitochondria in axons were lower both in CMT2F-motor neurons and in dHMN2B-motor neurons than those in controls, and the severity of the defective mitochondrial movement was different between the two disease models. CMT2F-motor neurons and dHMN2B-motor neurons also showed reduced α-tubulin acetylation compared with controls. The newly developed HDAC6 inhibitors, CHEMICAL X4 and CHEMICAL X9, increased acetylation of α-tubulin and reversed axonal movement defects of mitochondria in CMT2F-motor neurons and dHMN2B-motor neurons. Our results suggest that the neurons derived from patient-specific iPSCs can be used in drug screening including HDAC6 inhibitors targeting peripheral neuropathy.
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Lupo V, Aguado C, Knecht E, Espinós C. Chaperonopathies: Spotlight on Hereditary Motor Neuropathies. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:81. [PMID: 28018906 PMCID: PMC5155517 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) are a group of rare hereditary neuromuscular disorders characterized by an atrophy that affects peroneal muscles in the absence of sensory symptoms. To date, 23 genes are thought to be responsible for dHMN, four of which encode chaperones: DNAJB2, which encodes a member of the HSP40/DNAJ co-chaperone family; and HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8, encoding three members of the small heat shock protein family. While around 30 different mutations in HSPB1 have been identified, the remaining three genes are altered in many fewer cases. Indeed, a mutation of HSPB3 has only been described in one case, whereas a few cases have been reported carrying mutations in DNAJB2 and HSPB8, most of them caused by a founder c.352+1G>A mutation in DNAJB2 and by mutations affecting the K141 residue in the HSPB8 chaperone. Hence, their rare occurrence makes it difficult to understand the pathological mechanisms driven by such mutations in this neuropathy. Chaperones can assemble into multi-chaperone complexes that form an integrated chaperone network within the cell. Such complexes fulfill relevant roles in a variety of processes, such as the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins, in which chaperones escort them to precise cellular locations, and as a response to protein misfolding, which includes the degradation of proteins that fail to refold properly. Despite this range of functions, mutations in some of these chaperones lead to diseases with a similar clinical profile, suggesting common pathways. This review provides an overview of the genetics of those dHMNs that share a common disease mechanism and that are caused by mutations in four genes encoding chaperones: DNAJB2, HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lupo
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RedValencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RedValencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain
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45
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Nefedova VV, Muranova LK, Sudnitsyna MV, Ryzhavskaya AS, Gusev NB. Small Heat Shock Proteins and Distal Hereditary Neuropathies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1734-47. [PMID: 26878578 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791513009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Classification of small heat shock proteins (sHsp) is presented and processes regulated by sHsp are described. Symptoms of hereditary distal neuropathy are described and the genes whose mutations are associated with development of this congenital disease are listed. The literature data and our own results concerning physicochemical properties of HspB1 mutants associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are analyzed. Mutations of HspB1, associated with hereditary motor neuron disease, can be accompanied by change of the size of HspB1 oligomers, by decreased stability under unfavorable conditions, by changes in the interaction with protein partners, and as a rule by decrease of chaperone-like activity. The largest part of these mutations is accompanied by change of oligomer stability (that can be either increased or decreased) or by change of intermonomer interaction inside an oligomer. Data on point mutation of HspB3 associated with axonal neuropathy are presented. Data concerning point mutations of Lys141 of HspB8 and those associated with hereditary neuropathy and different forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are analyzed. It is supposed that point mutations of sHsp associated with distal neuropathies lead either to loss of function (for instance, decrease of chaperone-like activity) or to gain of harmful functions (for instance, increase of interaction with certain protein partners).
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Nefedova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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46
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Pan TS, Yu FC, Yih LH. HSP70 regulates the function of mitotic centrosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3949-60. [PMID: 27137183 PMCID: PMC11108311 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To establish a functional bipolar mitotic spindle, the centrosome expands and matures, acquiring enhanced activities for microtubule (MT) nucleation and assembly at the onset of mitosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of centrosome maturation and MT assembly from the matured centrosome are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that heat shock protein (HSP) 70 considerably accumulates at the mitotic centrosome during prometaphase to metaphase and is required for bipolar spindle assembly. Inhibition or depletion of HSP70 impaired the function of mitotic centrosome and disrupted MT nucleation and polymerization from the spindle pole, and may thus result in formation of abnormal mitotic spindles. In addition, HSP70 may associate with NEDD1 and γ-tubulin, two pericentriolar material (PCM) components essential for centrosome maturation and MT nucleation. Loss of HSP70 function disrupted the interaction between NEDD1 and γ-tubulin, and reduced their accumulation at the mitotic centrosome. Our results thus demonstrate a role for HSP70 in regulating centrosome integrity during mitosis, and indicate that HSP70 is required for the maintenance of a functional mitotic centrosome that supports the assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tiffany S Pan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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47
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Capponi S, Geuens T, Geroldi A, Origone P, Verdiani S, Cichero E, Adriaenssens E, De Winter V, Bandettini di Poggio M, Barberis M, Chiò A, Fossa P, Mandich P, Bellone E, Timmerman V. Molecular Chaperones in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Role of HSPB1. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1202-1208. [PMID: 27492805 PMCID: PMC5108433 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic discoveries in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a significant impact on deciphering molecular mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration but, despite recent advances, the etiology of most sporadic cases remains elusive. Several cellular mechanisms contribute to the motor neuron degeneration in ALS, including RNA metabolism, cellular interactions between neurons and nonneuronal cells, and seeding of misfolded protein with prion‐like propagation. In this scenario, the importance of protein turnover and degradation in motor neuron homeostasis gained increased recognition. In this study, we evaluated the role of the candidate gene HSPB1, a molecular chaperone involved in several proteome‐maintenance functions. In a cohort of 247 unrelated Italian ALS patients, we identified two variants (c.570G>C, p.Gln190His and c.610dupG, p.Ala204Glyfs*6). Functional characterization of the p.Ala204Glyfs*6 demonstrated that the mutant protein alters HSPB1 dynamic equilibrium, sequestering the wild‐type protein in a stable dimer and resulting in a loss of chaperone‐like activity. Our results underline the relevance of identifying rare but pathogenic variations in sporadic neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a possible correlation between specific pathomechanisms linked to HSPB1 mutations and the associated neurological phenotype. Our study provides additional lines of evidence to support the involvement of HSPB1 in the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Born Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Geuens
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Born Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Origone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,COU Medical Genetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Cichero
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Born Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicky De Winter
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Born Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Monica Bandettini di Poggio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Barberis
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,COU Medical Genetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bellone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,COU Medical Genetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Born Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bouhy D, Geuens T, De Winter V, Almeida-Souza L, Katona I, Weis J, Hochepied T, Goossens S, Haigh JJ, Janssens S, Timmerman V. Characterization of New Transgenic Mouse Models for Two Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Causing HspB1 Mutations using the Rosa26 Locus. J Neuromuscul Dis 2016; 3:183-200. [DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bouhy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Thomas Geuens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vicky De Winter
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Almeida-Souza
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular and Cellular Oncology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Piri N, Kwong JMK, Gu L, Caprioli J. Heat shock proteins in the retina: Focus on HSP70 and alpha crystallins in ganglion cell survival. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 52:22-46. [PMID: 27017896 PMCID: PMC4842330 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) belong to a superfamily of stress proteins that are critical constituents of a complex defense mechanism that enhances cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Cell protective roles of HSPs are related to their chaperone functions, antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects. HSPs' anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective characteristics, their ability to protect cells from a variety of stressful stimuli, and the possibility of their pharmacological induction in cells under pathological stress make these proteins an attractive therapeutic target for various neurodegenerative diseases; these include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, prion disease, and others. This review discusses the possible roles of HSPs, particularly HSP70 and small HSPs (alpha A and alpha B crystallins) in enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, which is characterized by progressive loss of vision caused by degeneration of RGCs and their axons in the optic nerve. Studies in animal models of RGC degeneration induced by ocular hypertension, optic nerve crush and axotomy show that upregulation of HSP70 expression by hyperthermia, zinc, geranyl-geranyl acetone, 17-AAG (a HSP90 inhibitor), or through transfection of retinal cells with AAV2-HSP70 effectively supports the survival of injured RGCs. RGCs survival was also stimulated by overexpression of alpha A and alpha B crystallins. These findings provide support for translating the HSP70- and alpha crystallin-based cell survival strategy into therapy to protect and rescue injured RGCs from degeneration associated with glaucomatous and other optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natik Piri
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jacky M K Kwong
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lei Gu
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Dubey J, Ratnakaran N, Koushika SP. Neurodegeneration and microtubule dynamics: death by a thousand cuts. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:343. [PMID: 26441521 PMCID: PMC4563776 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules form important cytoskeletal structures that play a role in establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity, regulating neuronal morphology, transporting cargo, and scaffolding signaling molecules to form signaling hubs. Within a neuronal cell, microtubules are found to have variable lengths and can be both stable and dynamic. Microtubule associated proteins, post-translational modifications of tubulin subunits, microtubule severing enzymes, and signaling molecules are all known to influence both stable and dynamic pools of microtubules. Microtubule dynamics, the process of interconversion between stable and dynamic pools, and the proportions of these two pools have the potential to influence a wide variety of cellular processes. Reduced microtubule stability has been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and tauopathies like Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Hyperstable microtubules, as seen in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP), also lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, the ratio of stable and dynamic microtubules is likely to be important for neuronal function and perturbation in microtubule dynamics might contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dubey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India ; InStem Bangalore, India
| | - Neena Ratnakaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India
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