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Zhang YF, Wu J, Wang Y, Johnson NL, Bhattarai JP, Li G, Wang W, Guevara C, Shoenhard H, Fuccillo MV, Wesson DW, Ma M. Ventral striatal islands of Calleja neurons bidirectionally mediate depression-like behaviors in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6887. [PMID: 37898623 PMCID: PMC10613228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral striatum is a reward center implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It contains islands of Calleja, clusters of dopamine D3 receptor-expressing granule cells, predominantly in the olfactory tubercle (OT). These OT D3 neurons regulate self-grooming, a repetitive behavior manifested in affective disorders. Here we show that chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces robust depression-like behaviors in mice and decreases excitability of OT D3 neurons. Ablation or inhibition of these neurons leads to depression-like behaviors, whereas their activation ameliorates CRS-induced depression-like behaviors. Moreover, activation of OT D3 neurons has a rewarding effect, which diminishes when grooming is blocked. Finally, we propose a model that explains how OT D3 neurons may influence dopamine release via synaptic connections with OT spiny projection neurons (SPNs) that project to midbrain dopamine neurons. Our study reveals a crucial role of OT D3 neurons in bidirectionally mediating depression-like behaviors, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jialiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natalie L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Camilo Guevara
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marc V Fuccillo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Trejo DH, Ciuparu A, da Silva PG, Velasquez CM, Rebouillat B, Gross MD, Davis MB, Muresan RC, Albeanu DF. Fast updating feedback from piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb relays multimodal reward contingency signals during rule-reversal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557267. [PMID: 37745564 PMCID: PMC10515864 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
While animals readily adjust their behavior to adapt to relevant changes in the environment, the neural pathways enabling these changes remain largely unknown. Here, using multiphoton imaging, we investigated whether feedback from the piriform cortex to the olfactory bulb supports such behavioral flexibility. To this end, we engaged head-fixed mice in a multimodal rule-reversal task guided by olfactory and auditory cues. Both odor and, surprisingly, the sound cues triggered cortical bulbar feedback responses which preceded the behavioral report. Responses to the same sensory cue were strongly modulated upon changes in stimulus-reward contingency (rule reversals). The re-shaping of individual bouton responses occurred within seconds of the rule-reversal events and was correlated with changes in the behavior. Optogenetic perturbation of cortical feedback within the bulb disrupted the behavioral performance. Our results indicate that the piriform-to-olfactory bulb feedback carries reward contingency signals and is rapidly re-formatted according to changes in the behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Ciuparu
- Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pedro Garcia da Silva
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- current address – Champalimaud Neuroscience Program, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Velasquez
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- current address – University of Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Rebouillat
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- current address –École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Raul C. Muresan
- Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- STAR-UBB Institute, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dinu F. Albeanu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- School for Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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3
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Olazábal DE, Pillay N, Sandberg N, Hartman KJ. Description and comparison of brain distribution of oxytocin receptors in Rhabdomys pumillio and Rhabdomys dilectus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 335:114224. [PMID: 36702289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) distribution in the brain has been associated with different reproductive and social strategies of species. Rhabdomys pumilio (R. pumilio) and Rhabdomys dilectus (R. dilectus) are two sister rodent species that live in large/medium (but flexible) or small (mostly solitary) social groups respectively. In this study, we describe and compare the distribution of OXTR in these two species. OXTR binding in the brain of R. pumilio (8 females and 5 males) and R. dilectus (8 females and 5 males) adults was determined using autoradiography. Our results revealed significant differences in the nucleus accumbens, diagonal band, medial preoptic area, lateral habenula, superior colliculus, periaqueductal area and anterior paraventricular nucleus (higher in R. dilectus), and the dorsal lateral septum and anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (higher in R. pumilio). OXTR density in other brain regions, such as the amygdala nuclei and hippocampus, did not differ between the two species. Sex differences were found in the medial preoptic area and ventral region of the lateral septum in R. pumilio (OXTR density higher in males) and in the anterior paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and basolateral amygdala of R. dilectus (OXTR density higher in females). A sex difference in the density of OXTR was also found in the posterior region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, where it was higher in males than in females of both species. This study shows species-specific brain distribution of OXTR in R. pumilio and R. dilectus that are unique, but with similarities with other polygynous or promiscuous rodent species that live in variable size groups, such as R. norvergicus, C. sociabilis, S. teguina and M. musculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Olazábal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - N Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Sandberg
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - K-J Hartman
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Chae H, Banerjee A, Dussauze M, Albeanu DF. Long-range functional loops in the mouse olfactory system and their roles in computing odor identity. Neuron 2022; 110:3970-3985.e7. [PMID: 36174573 PMCID: PMC9742324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the neural circuits supporting odor identification remains an open challenge. Here, we analyze the contribution of the two output cell types of the mouse olfactory bulb (mitral and tufted cells) to decode odor identity and concentration and its dependence on top-down feedback from their respective major cortical targets: piriform cortex versus anterior olfactory nucleus. We find that tufted cells substantially outperform mitral cells in decoding both odor identity and intensity. Cortical feedback selectively regulates the activity of its dominant bulb projection cell type and implements different computations. Piriform feedback specifically restructures mitral responses, whereas feedback from the anterior olfactory nucleus preferentially controls the gain of tufted representations without altering their odor tuning. Our results identify distinct functional loops involving the mitral and tufted cells and their cortical targets. We suggest that in addition to the canonical mitral-to-piriform pathway, tufted cells and their target regions are ideally positioned to compute odor identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggoo Chae
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Arkarup Banerjee
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School for Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Marie Dussauze
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School for Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Dinu F Albeanu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School for Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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5
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Xu X, Feng Y, Wang J, Salvi R, Yin X, Gao J, Chen Y. Auditory-limbic-cerebellum interactions and cognitive impairments in noise-induced hearing loss. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:932-940. [PMID: 36377461 PMCID: PMC9928548 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the neural substrate of hearing loss-related central nervous system in rats and its correlation with cognition. METHODS We identified the neural mechanism for these debilitating abnormalities by inducing a bilateral hearing loss animal model using intense broadband noise (122 dB of broadband noise for 2 h) and used the Morris water maze test to characterize the behavioral changes at 6 months post-noise exposure. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted to clarify disrupted functional network using bilateral auditory cortex (ACx) as a seed. Structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to illustrate characteristics of fibers in ACx and hippocampus. Pearson correlation was computed behavioral tests and other features. RESULTS A deficit in spatial learning/memory, body weight, and negative correlation between them was observed. Functional connectivity revealed weakened coupling within the ACx and inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus, the primary motor cortex, the olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, and the paraflocculus lobe of the cerebellum. The fiber number and mean length of ACx and different hippocampal subregions were also damaged in hearing loss rats. CONCLUSION A new model of auditory-limbic-cerebellum interactions accounting for noise-induced hearing loss and cognitive impairments is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Min Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Human Communication DisordersDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and DeafnessUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Gao
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of JiangsuNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu‐Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Chen Y, Chen X, Baserdem B, Zhan H, Li Y, Davis MB, Kebschull JM, Zador AM, Koulakov AA, Albeanu DF. High-throughput sequencing of single neuron projections reveals spatial organization in the olfactory cortex. Cell 2022; 185:4117-4134.e28. [PMID: 36306734 PMCID: PMC9681627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In most sensory modalities, neuronal connectivity reflects behaviorally relevant stimulus features, such as spatial location, orientation, and sound frequency. By contrast, the prevailing view in the olfactory cortex, based on the reconstruction of dozens of neurons, is that connectivity is random. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing-based neuroanatomical techniques to analyze the projections of 5,309 mouse olfactory bulb and 30,433 piriform cortex output neurons at single-cell resolution. Surprisingly, statistical analysis of this much larger dataset revealed that the olfactory cortex connectivity is spatially structured. Single olfactory bulb neurons targeting a particular location along the anterior-posterior axis of piriform cortex also project to matched, functionally distinct, extra-piriform targets. Moreover, single neurons from the targeted piriform locus also project to the same matched extra-piriform targets, forming triadic circuit motifs. Thus, as in other sensory modalities, olfactory information is routed at early stages of processing to functionally diverse targets in a coordinated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Huiqing Zhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Martin B Davis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Anthony M Zador
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| | | | - Dinu F Albeanu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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7
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Bhattarai JP, Etyemez S, Jaaro-Peled H, Janke E, Leon Tolosa UD, Kamiya A, Gottfried JA, Sawa A, Ma M. Olfactory modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex circuitry: Implications for social cognition. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:31-39. [PMID: 33975755 PMCID: PMC8573060 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is manifested in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases, and often emerges prior to the onset of more classical symptoms and signs. From a behavioral perspective, olfactory deficits typically arise in conjunction with impairments of cognition, motivation, memory, and emotion. However, a conceptual framework for explaining the impact of olfactory processing on higher brain functions in health and disease remains lacking. Here we aim to provide circuit-level insights into this question by synthesizing recent advances in olfactory network connectivity with other cortical brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex. We will focus on social cognition as a representative model for exploring and critically evaluating the relationship between olfactory cortices and higher-order cortical regions in rodent models. Although rodents do not recapitulate all dimensions of human social cognition, they have experimentally accessible neural circuits and well-established behavioral tests for social motivation, memory/recognition, and hierarchy, which can be extrapolated to other species including humans. In particular, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been recognized as a key brain region in mediating social cognition in both rodents and humans. This review will highlight the underappreciated connectivity, both anatomical and functional, between the olfactory system and mPFC circuitry, which together provide a neural substrate for olfactory modulation of social cognition and social behaviors. We will provide future perspectives on the functional investigation of the olfactory-mPFC circuit in rodent models and discuss how to translate such animal research to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Semra Etyemez
- Department of Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hanna Jaaro-Peled
- Department of Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emma Janke
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Usuy D Leon Tolosa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jay A Gottfried
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Departments of Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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8
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The human olfactory bulb processes odor valence representation and cues motor avoidance behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101209118. [PMID: 34645711 PMCID: PMC8545486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101209118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the valence of an odor to guide rapid approach-avoidance behavior is thought to be one of the core tasks of the olfactory system, and yet little is known of the initial neural mechanisms supporting this process or of its subsequent behavioral manifestation in humans. In two experiments, we measured the functional processing of odor valence perception in the human olfactory bulb (OB)-the first processing stage of the olfactory system-using a noninvasive method as well as assessed the subsequent motor avoidance response. We demonstrate that odor valence perception is associated with both gamma and beta activity in the human OB. Moreover, we show that negative, but not positive, odors initiate an early beta response in the OB, a response that is linked to a preparatory neural motor response in the motor cortex. Finally, in a separate experiment, we show that negative odors trigger a full-body motor avoidance response, manifested as a rapid leaning away from the odor, within the time period predicted by the OB results. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the human OB processes odor valence in a sequential manner in both the gamma and beta frequency bands and suggest that rapid processing of unpleasant odors in the OB might underlie rapid approach-avoidance decisions.
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9
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A Neural System that Represents the Association of Odors with Rewarded Outcomes and Promotes Behavioral Engagement. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107919. [PMID: 32697986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Odors are well known to elicit strong emotional and behavioral responses that become strengthened throughout learning, yet the specific cellular systems involved in odor learning and the direct influence of these on behavior are unclear. Here, we investigate the representation of odor-reward associations within two areas recipient of dense olfactory input, the posterior piriform cortex (pPCX) and the olfactory tubercle (OT), using electrophysiological recordings from mice engaged in reward-based learning. Neurons in both regions represent conditioned odors and do so with similar information content, yet the proportion of neurons recruited by conditioned rewarded odors and the magnitudes and durations of their responses are greater in the OT. Using fiber photometry, we find that OT D1-type dopamine-receptor-expressing neurons flexibly represent odors based on reward associations, and using optogenetics, we show that these neurons influence behavioral engagement. These findings contribute to a model whereby OT D1 neurons support odor-guided motivated behaviors.
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10
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Midroit M, Chalençon L, Renier N, Milton A, Thevenet M, Sacquet J, Breton M, Forest J, Noury N, Richard M, Raineteau O, Ferdenzi C, Fournel A, Wesson DW, Bensafi M, Didier A, Mandairon N. Neural processing of the reward value of pleasant odorants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1592-1605.e9. [PMID: 33607032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pleasant odorants are represented in the posterior olfactory bulb (pOB) in mice. How does this hedonic information generate odor-motivated behaviors? Using optogenetics, we report here that stimulating the representation of pleasant odorants in a sensory structure, the pOB, can be rewarding, self-motivating, and is accompanied by ventral tegmental area activation. To explore the underlying neural circuitry downstream of the olfactory bulb (OB), we use 3D high-resolution imaging and optogenetics and determine that the pOB preferentially projects to the olfactory tubercle, whose increased activity is related to odorant attraction. We further show that attractive odorants act as reinforcers in dopamine-dependent place preference learning. Finally, we extend those findings to humans, who exhibit place preference learning and an increase BOLD signal in the olfactory tubercle in response to attractive odorants. Thus, strong and persistent attraction induced by some odorants is due to a direct gateway from the pOB to the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëllie Midroit
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Laura Chalençon
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Adrianna Milton
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marc Thevenet
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Joëlle Sacquet
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Marine Breton
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Jérémy Forest
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Norbert Noury
- CNRS, UMR5270, Institute Nanotechnology Lyon, Biomedical Sensors Group, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Marion Richard
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Olivier Raineteau
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Camille Ferdenzi
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Arnaud Fournel
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Anne Didier
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon 69000, France; University Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69000, France.
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11
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Tanisumi Y, Shiotani K, Hirokawa J, Sakurai Y, Manabe H. Bi-directional encoding of context-based odors and behavioral states by the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. iScience 2021; 24:102381. [PMID: 33981970 PMCID: PMC8082085 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) is not only a part of the olfactory cortex that receives olfactory sensory inputs but also a part of the cortical amygdala, which regulates motivational behaviors. To examine how neural activity of the NLOT is modulated by decision-making processes that occur during various states of learned goal-directed behaviors, we recorded NLOT spike activities of mice performing odor-guided go/no-go tasks to obtain a water reward. We observed that several NLOT neurons exhibited sharp go-cue excitation and persistent no-go-cue suppression responses triggered by an odor onset. The bidirectional cue encoding introduced NLOT population response dynamics and provided a high odor decoding accuracy before executing cue-odor-evoked behaviors. The go-cue responsive neurons were also activated in the reward drinking state, indicating context-based odor-outcome associations. These findings suggest that NLOT neurons play an important role in the translation from context-based odor information to appropriate behavior. We recorded NLOT spike activities in the odor-guided goal-directed behaviors NLOT neurons were classified into five response types in the odor-sampling epoch Many NLOT neurons exhibited go-cue excitation and no-go-cue suppression responses The bidirectional responsive neurons were also activated in the reward drinking
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanisumi
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda Ward, 102-0083 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Shiotani
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda Ward, 102-0083 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Hirokawa
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakurai
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Manabe
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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12
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The Tubular Striatum. J Neurosci 2021; 40:7379-7386. [PMID: 32968026 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1109-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-19th century, a misconception was born, which understandably persists in the minds of many neuroscientists today. The eminent scientist Albert von Kölliker named a tubular-shaped piece of tissue found in the brains of all mammals studied to date, the tuberculum olfactorium - or what is commonly known as the olfactory tubercle (OT). In doing this, Kölliker ascribed "olfactory" functions and an "olfactory" purpose to the OT. The OT has since been classified as one of several olfactory cortices. However, further investigations of OT functions, especially over the last decade, have provided evidence for roles of the OT beyond olfaction, including in learning, motivated behaviors, and even seeking of psychoactive drugs. Indeed, research to date suggests caution in assigning the OT with a purely olfactory role. Here, I build on previous research to synthesize a model wherein the OT, which may be more appropriately termed the "tubular striatum" (TuS), is a neural system in which sensory information derived from an organism's experiences is integrated with information about its motivational states to guide affective and behavioral responses.
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13
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Cover CG, Kesner AJ, Ukani S, Stein EA, Ikemoto S, Yang Y, Lu H. Whole brain dynamics during optogenetic self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:66. [PMID: 33446857 PMCID: PMC7809041 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial self-stimulation, in which an animal performs an operant response to receive regional brain electrical stimulation, is a widely used procedure to study motivated behavior. While local neuronal activity has long been measured immediately before or after the operant, imaging the whole brain in real-time remains a challenge. Herein we report a method that permits functional MRI (fMRI) of brain dynamics while mice are cued to perform an operant task: licking a spout to receive optogenetic stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during a cue ON, but not cue OFF. Licking during cue ON results in activation of a widely distributed network consistent with underlying MPFC projections, while licking during cue OFF (without optogenetic stimulation) leads to negative fMRI signal in brain regions involved in acute extinction. Noninvasive whole brain readout combined with circuit-specific neuromodulation opens an avenue for investigating adaptive behavior in both healthy and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Cover
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Andrew J Kesner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Shehzad Ukani
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Satoshi Ikemoto
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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14
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Wright KN, Wesson DW. The tubular striatum and nucleus accumbens distinctly represent reward-taking and reward-seeking. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:166-183. [PMID: 33174477 PMCID: PMC8087377 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00495.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral striatum regulates motivated behaviors that are essential for survival. The ventral striatum contains both the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which is well established to contribute to motivated behavior, and the adjacent tubular striatum (TuS), which is poorly understood in this context. We reasoned that these ventral striatal subregions may be uniquely specialized in their neural representation of goal-directed behavior. To test this, we simultaneously examined TuS and NAc single-unit activity as male mice engaged in a sucrose self-administration task, which included extinction and cue-induced reinstatement sessions. Although background levels of activity were comparable between regions, more TuS neurons were recruited upon reward-taking, and among recruited neurons, TuS neurons displayed greater changes in their firing during reward-taking and extinction than those in the NAc. Conversely, NAc neurons displayed greater changes in their firing during cue-reinstated reward-seeking. Interestingly, at least in the context of this behavioral paradigm, TuS neural activity predicted reward-seeking, whereas NAc activity did not. Together, by directly comparing their dynamics in several behavioral contexts, this work reveals that the NAc and TuS ventral striatum subregions distinctly represent reward-taking and reward-seeking.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ventral striatum, considered the reward circuitry "hub," is composed of two regions: the NAc, which is well established for its role in reward processing, and the TuS, which has been largely excluded from such studies. This study provides a first step in directly contextualizing the TuS's activity in relation to that in the NAc and, by doing so, establishes a critical framework for future research seeking to better understand the brain basis for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Shiotani K, Tanisumi Y, Murata K, Hirokawa J, Sakurai Y, Manabe H. Tuning of olfactory cortex ventral tenia tecta neurons to distinct task elements of goal-directed behavior. eLife 2020; 9:57268. [PMID: 32749216 PMCID: PMC7423337 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral tenia tecta (vTT) is a component of the olfactory cortex and receives both bottom-up odor signals and top-down signals. However, the roles of the vTT in odor-coding and integration of inputs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the involvement of the vTT in these processes by recording the activity from individual vTT neurons during the performance of learned odor-guided reward-directed tasks in mice. We report that individual vTT cells are highly tuned to a specific behavioral epoch of learned tasks, whereby the duration of increased firing correlated with the temporal length of the behavioral epoch. The peak time for increased firing among recorded vTT cells encompassed almost the entire temporal window of the tasks. Collectively, our results indicate that vTT cells are selectively activated during a specific behavioral context and that the function of the vTT changes dynamically in a context-dependent manner during goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Shiotani
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Tanisumi
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Murata
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junya Hirokawa
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakurai
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Manabe
- Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Nunez-Parra A, Cea-Del Rio CA, Huntsman MM, Restrepo D. The Basal Forebrain Modulates Neuronal Response in an Active Olfactory Discrimination Task. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:141. [PMID: 32581716 PMCID: PMC7289987 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful completion of sensory decision-making requires focusing on relevant stimuli, adequate signal/noise ratio for stimulus discrimination, and stimulus valence evaluation. Different brain regions are postulated to play a role in these computations; however, evidence suggests that sensory and decision-making circuits are required to interact through a common neuronal pathway to elicit a context-adequate behavioral response. Recently, the basal forebrain (BF) region has emerged as a good candidate, since its heterogeneous projecting neurons innervate most of the cortical mantle and sensory processing circuits modulating different aspects of the sensory decision-making process. Moreover, evidence indicates that the BF plays an important role in attention and in fast modulation of neuronal activity that enhance visual and olfactory sensory perception. Here, we study in awake mice the involvement of BF in initiation and completion of trials in a reward-driven olfactory detection task. Using tetrode recordings, we find that BF neurons (including cholinergics) are recruited during sensory discrimination, reward, and interestingly slightly before trial initiation in successful discrimination trials. The precue neuronal activity was correlated with animal performance, indicating that this circuit could play an important role in adaptive context-dependent behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Nunez-Parra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center and Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian A. Cea-Del Rio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Molly M. Huntsman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center and Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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17
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Rapid Learning of Odor-Value Association in the Olfactory Striatum. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4335-4347. [PMID: 32321744 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2604-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents can successfully learn multiple novel stimulus-response associations after only a few repetitions when the contingencies predict reward. The circuits modified during such reinforcement learning to support decision-making are not known, but the olfactory tubercle (OT) and posterior piriform cortex (pPC) are candidates for decoding reward category from olfactory sensory input and relaying this information to cognitive and motor areas. Through single-cell recordings in behaving male and female C57BL/6 mice, we show here that an explicit representation for reward category emerges in the OT within minutes of learning a novel odor-reward association, whereas the pPC lacks an explicit representation even after weeks of overtraining. The explicit reward category representation in OT is visible in the first sniff (50-100 ms) of an odor on each trial, and precedes the motor action. Together, these results suggest that the coding of stimulus information required for reward prediction does not occur within olfactory cortex, but rather in circuits involving the olfactory striatum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rodents are olfactory specialists and can use odors to learn contingencies quickly and well. We have found that mice can readily learn to place multiple odors into rewarded and unrewarded categories. Once they have learned the rule, they can do such categorization in a matter of minutes (<10 trials). We found that neural activity in olfactory cortex largely reflects sensory coding, with very little explicit information about categories. By contrast, neural activity in a brain region in the ventral striatum is rapidly modified in a matter of minutes to reflect reward category. Our experiments set up a paradigm for studying rapid sensorimotor reinforcement in a circuit that is right at the interface of sensory input and reward areas.
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18
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Cansler HL, Wright KN, Stetzik LA, Wesson DW. Neurochemical organization of the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle. J Neurochem 2020; 152:425-448. [PMID: 31755104 PMCID: PMC7042089 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ventral striatum is a collection of brain structures, including the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum and the olfactory tubercle (OT). While much attention has been devoted to the nucleus accumbens, a comprehensive understanding of the ventral striatum and its contributions to neurological diseases requires an appreciation for the complex neurochemical makeup of the ventral striatum's other components. This review summarizes the rich neurochemical composition of the OT, including the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones present. We also address the receptors and transporters involved in each system as well as their putative functional roles. Finally, we end with briefly reviewing select literature regarding neurochemical changes in the OT in the context of neurological disorders, specifically neurodegenerative disorders. By overviewing the vast literature on the neurochemical composition of the OT, this review will serve to aid future research into the neurobiology of the ventral striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary L Cansler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine N Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lucas A Stetzik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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19
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Glutamatergic Neurons in the Piriform Cortex Influence the Activity of D1- and D2-Type Receptor-Expressing Olfactory Tubercle Neurons. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9546-9559. [PMID: 31628176 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1444-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory cortices process stimuli in manners essential for perception. Very little is known regarding interactions between olfactory cortices. The piriform "primary" olfactory cortex, especially its anterior division (aPCX), extends dense association fibers into the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle (OT), yet whether this corticostriatal pathway is capable of shaping OT activity, including odor-evoked activity, is unknown. Further unresolved is the synaptic circuitry and the spatial localization of OT-innervating PCX neurons. Here we build upon standing literature to provide some answers to these questions through studies in mice of both sexes. First, we recorded the activity of OT neurons in awake mice while optically stimulating principal neurons in the aPCX and/or their association fibers in the OT while the mice were delivered odors. This uncovered evidence that PCX input indeed influences OT unit activity. We then used patch-clamp recordings and viral tracing to determine the connectivity of aPCX neurons upon OT neurons expressing dopamine receptor types D1 or D2, two prominent cell populations in the OT. These investigations uncovered that both populations of neurons receive monosynaptic inputs from aPCX glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, this input originates largely from the ventrocaudal aPCX. These results shed light on some of the basic physiological properties of this pathway and the cell-types involved and provide a foundation for future studies to identify, among other things, whether this pathway has implications for perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sensory cortices interact to process stimuli in manners considered essential for perception. Very little is known regarding interactions between olfactory cortices. The present study sheds light on some of the basic physiological properties of a particular intercortical pathway in the olfactory system and provides a foundation for future studies to identify, among other things, whether this pathway has implications for perception.
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20
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Martin-Lopez E, Xu C, Liberia T, Meller SJ, Greer CA. Embryonic and postnatal development of mouse olfactory tubercle. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:82-96. [PMID: 31200100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (OT) is located in the ventral-medial region of the brain where it receives primary input from olfactory bulb (OB) projection neurons and processes olfactory behaviors related to motivation, hedonics of smell and sexual encounters. The OT is part of the dopamine reward system that shares characteristics with the striatum. Together with the nucleus accumbens, the OT has been referred to as the "ventral striatum". However, despite its functional importance little is known about the embryonic development of the OT and the phenotypic properties of the OT cells. Here, using thymidine analogs, we establish that mouse OT neurogenesis occurs predominantly between E11-E15 in a lateral-to-medial gradient. Then, using a piggyBac multicolor technique we characterized the migratory route of OT neuroblasts from their embryonic point of origin. Following neurogenesis in the ventral lateral ganglionic eminence (vLGE), neuroblasts destined for the OT followed a dorsal-ventral pathway we named "ventral migratory course" (VMC). Upon reaching the nascent OT, neurons established a prototypical laminar distribution that was determined, in part, by the progenitor cell of origin. A phenotypic analysis of OT neuroblasts using a single-color piggyBac technique, showed that OT shared the molecular specification of striatal neurons. In addition to primary afferent input from the OB, the OT also receives a robust dopaminergic input from ventral tegmentum (Ikemoto, 2007). We used tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression as a proxy for dopaminergic innervation and showed that TH onset occurs at E13 and progressively increased until postnatal stages following an 'inside-out' pattern. Postnatally, we established the myelination in the OT occurring between P7 and P14, as shown with CNPase staining, and we characterized the cellular phenotypes populating the OT by immunohistochemistry. Collectively, this work provides the first detailed analysis of the developmental and maturation processes occurring in mouse OT, and demonstrates the striatal nature of the OT as part of the ventral striatum (vST).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martin-Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christine Xu
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Liberia
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah J Meller
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Charles A Greer
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Centrifugal Innervation of the Olfactory Bulb: A Reappraisal. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NRS-0390-18. [PMID: 30740517 PMCID: PMC6366934 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0390-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-regional connectivity of sensory structures in the brain allows for the modulation of sensory processing in manners important for perception. In the olfactory system, odor representations in the olfactory bulb (OB) are modulated by feedback centrifugal innervation from several olfactory cortices, including the piriform cortex (PCX) and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Previous studies reported that an additional olfactory cortex, the olfactory tubercle (OT), also centrifugally innervates the OB and may even shape the activity of OB output neurons. In an attempt to identify the cell types of this centrifugal innervation, we performed retrograde tracing experiments in mice utilizing three unique strategies, including retrobeads, retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAV) driving a fluorescent reporter, and retrograde AAV driving Cre-expression in the Ai9-floxed transgenic reporter line. Our results replicated the standing literature and uncovered robustly labeled neurons in the ipsilateral PCX, AON, and numerous other structures known to innervate the OB. Surprisingly, consistent throughout all of our approaches, no labeled soma were observed in the OT. These findings indicate that the OT is unique among other olfactory cortices in that it does not innervate the OB, which refines our understanding of the centrifugal modulation of the OB.
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22
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Mouse Parabrachial Neurons Signal a Relationship between Bitter Taste and Nociceptive Stimuli. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1631-1648. [PMID: 30606758 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2000-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and somatosensation both mediate protective behaviors. Bitter taste guides avoidance of ingestion of toxins while pain sensations, such as noxious heat, signal adverse conditions to ward off harm. Although brain pathways for taste and somatosensation are typically studied independently, prior data suggest that they intersect, potentially reflecting their common protective role. To investigate this, we applied electrophysiologic and optogenetic techniques in anesthetized mice of both sexes to evaluate relationships between oral somatosensory and taste activity in the parabrachial nucleus (PbN), implicated for roles in gustation and pain. Spikes were recorded from taste-active PbN neurons tested with oral delivery of thermal and chemesthetic stimuli, including agonists of nocisensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels on somatosensory fibers. Gustatory neurons were also tested to follow electrical pulse stimulation of an oral somatosensory region of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), which projects to the PbN. Neurons composed classic taste groups, including sodium, electrolyte, appetitive, or bitter cells. Across groups, most neurons spiked to Vc pulse stimulation, implying that trigeminal projections reach PbN gustatory neurons. Among such cells, a subpopulation responsive to the bitter taste stimuli quinine and cycloheximide, and aversive concentrations of sodium, cofired to agonists of nocisensitive TRP channels, including capsaicin, mustard oil, and noxious heat. Such neurons populated the lateral PbN. Further, nociceptive activity in PbN bitter taste neurons was suppressed during optogenetic-assisted inhibition of the Vc, implying convergent trigeminal input contributed to such activity. Our results reveal a novel role for PbN gustatory cells in cross-system signaling related to protection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prior data suggest that gustatory and trigeminal neural pathways intersect and overlap in the parabrachial area. However, no study has directly examined such overlap and why it may exist. Here we found that parabrachial gustatory neurons can receive afferent projections from trigeminal nuclei and fire to oral nociceptive stimuli that excite somatosensory receptors and fibers. Activation to aversive nociceptive stimuli in gustatory cells was associated with responding to behaviorally avoided bitter tastants. We were further able to show that silencing trigeminal projections inhibited nociceptive activity in parabrachial bitter taste neurons. Our results imply that in the parabrachial area, there is predictable overlap between taste and somatosensory processing related to protective coding and that classically defined taste neurons contribute to this process.
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23
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Quintero Garzola GC. Review: brain neurobiology of gambling disorder based on rodent models. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1751-1770. [PMID: 31308669 PMCID: PMC6612953 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s192746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different literature reviews of gambling disorder (GD) neurobiology have been focused on human studies, others have focused on rodents, and others combined human and rodent studies. The main question of this review was: which are the main neurotransmitters systems and brain structures relevant for GD based on recent rodent studies? This work aims to review the experimental findings regarding the rodent´s neurobiology of GD. A search in the Pub Med database was set (October 2012-October 2017) and 162 references were obtained. After screening, 121 references were excluded, and only 41 references remained from the initial output. More, other 25 references were added to complement (introduction section, neuroanatomical descriptions) the principal part of the work. At the end, a total of 66 references remained for the review. The main conclusions are: 1) according to studies that used noninvasive methods for drug administration, some of the neurotransmitters and receptors involved in behaviors related to GD are: muscarinic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), dopamine 2 receptor (D2), dopamine 3 receptor (D3), and dopamine 4 receptor (D4); 2) moreover, there are other neurotransmitters and receptors involved in GD based on studies that use invasive methods of drug administration (eg, brain microinjection); example of these are: serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A), noradrenaline receptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA), and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor B (GABAB); 3) different brain structures are relevant to behaviors linked to GD, like: amygdala (including basolateral amygdala (BLA)), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, infralimbic area, insular cortex (anterior and rostral agranular), nucleus accumbens (NAc), olfactory tubercle (island of Calleja), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), prefrontal cortex (PFC) - subcortical network, striatum (ventral) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN); and 4) the search for GD treatments should consider this diversity of receptor/neurotransmitter systems and brain areas.
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Ruda-Kucerova J, Zanda MT, Amchova P, Fratta W, Fattore L. Sex and Feeding Status Differently Affect Natural Reward Seeking Behavior in Olfactory Bulbectomized Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:255. [PMID: 30425627 PMCID: PMC6218565 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse and depression are common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity. Both conditions affect differently men and women and preclinical research has showed many sex differences in drug addiction and depression. The most common approach for modeling depression-addiction comorbidity is the combination of the intravenous drug self-administration and the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) models in rats. Such a combination has revealed enhanced drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors in OBX rats, but no study has investigated so far potential sex differences in operant responding and motivation for natural reinforcers in OBX rats. This study investigated for the first time operant self-administration of palatable food pellets in male and female OBX rats under different feeding status, i.e., ad libitum vs. restricted food, and schedules of reinforcement, i.e., a continuous ratio schedule fixed ratio 1 (FR1) vs. a complex (FR5(x)) second order schedule of reinforcement. In the FR1 experiment, OBX rats of both sexes exhibited lower operant responding and intake of palatable food pellets than sham-operated controls, with food restriction leading to increased operant responding in both OBX and SHAM groups. Female rats showed higher responding than males but this effect was abolished by the OBX lesion. Similarly, in the (FR5(x)) second order schedule of reinforcement both male and female OBX rats showed lower responding and food intake, with SHAM and OBX females showing higher operant responding than corresponding male groups. Overall, our findings showed that: (i) responding for food was lower in OBX than in SHAM rats under both FR1 and (FR5(x)) schedules of reinforcement; (ii) sex and food restriction affect operant responding for palatable food; and (iii) the suppressing effect of OBX lesion on food intake was consistently present in both sexes and represents the most robust factor in the analysis. This may represent anhedonia which is associated with depressive-like phenotype and palatable food self-administration may serve as a robust behavioral index of anhedonia in the OBX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mary Tresa Zanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Petra Amchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Walter Fratta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,Center of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction", University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Center of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction", University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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25
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Murofushi W, Mori K, Murata K, Yamaguchi M. Functional development of olfactory tubercle domains during weaning period in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13204. [PMID: 30181622 PMCID: PMC6123493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals shift their feeding habits from mother’s milk to environmental foods postnatally. While this weaning process accompanies the acquisition of attractive behaviour toward environmental foods, the underlying neural mechanism for the acquisition is poorly understood. We previously found that adult mouse olfactory tubercle (OT), which belongs to the olfactory cortex and ventral striatum, has functional domains that represent odour-induced motivated behaviours, and that c-fos induction occurs mainly in the anteromedial domain of OT following learned odour-induced food seeking behaviour. To address the question whether the anteromedial OT domain is involved in the postnatal acquisition of food seeking behaviour, we examined OT development during weaning of mice. Whereas at postnatal day 15 (P15), all mice were attracted to lactating mothers, P21 mice were more attracted to familiar food pellets. Mapping of c-fos induction during food seeking and eating behaviours showed that while c-fos activation was observed across wide OT domains at P15, the preferential activation of c-fos in the anteromedial domain occurred at P21 and later ages. These results indicate that preferential c-fos activation in the anteromedial OT domain occurred concomitantly with the acquisition of attractive behaviour toward food, which suggests the importance of this domain in the weaning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Murofushi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koshi Murata
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan. .,Life Science Innovation Center, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
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26
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Carlson KS, Gadziola MA, Dauster ES, Wesson DW. Selective Attention Controls Olfactory Decisions and the Neural Encoding of Odors. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2195-2205.e4. [PMID: 30056854 PMCID: PMC6530575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Critical animal behaviors, especially among rodents, are guided by odors in remarkably well-coordinated manners, yet many extramodal sensory cues compete for cognitive resources in these ecological contexts. That rodents can engage in such odor-guided behaviors suggests that they can selectively attend to odors. Indeed, higher-order cognitive processes-such as learning, memory, decision making, and action selection-rely on the proper filtering of sensory cues based on their relative salience. We developed a behavioral paradigm to reveal that rats are capable of selectively attending to odors in the presence of competing extramodal stimuli. We found that this selective attention facilitates accurate odor-guided decisions, which become further strengthened with experience. Further, we uncovered that selective attention to odors adaptively sharpens their representation among neurons in the olfactory tubercle, an olfactory cortex region of the ventral striatum that is considered integral for evaluating sensory information in the context of motivated behaviors. Odor-directed selective attention exerts influences during moments of heightened odor anticipation and enhances odorant representation by increasing stimulus contrast in a signal-to-noise-type coding scheme. Together, these results reveal that rats engage selective attention to optimize olfactory outcomes. Further, our finding of attention-dependent coding in the olfactory tubercle challenges the notion that a thalamic relay is integral for the attentional control of sensory coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin S Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Marie A Gadziola
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emma S Dauster
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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27
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Parallel odor processing by mitral and middle tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7625. [PMID: 29769664 PMCID: PMC5955882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) transforms sensory input into spatially and temporally organized patterns of activity in principal mitral (MC) and middle tufted (mTC) cells. Thus far, the mechanisms underlying odor representations in the OB have been mainly investigated in MCs. However, experimental findings suggest that MC and mTC may encode parallel and complementary odor representations. We have analyzed the functional roles of these pathways by using a morphologically and physiologically realistic three-dimensional model to explore the MC and mTC microcircuits in the glomerular layer and deeper plexiform layer. The model makes several predictions. MCs and mTCs are controlled by similar computations in the glomerular layer but are differentially modulated in deeper layers. The intrinsic properties of mTCs promote their synchronization through a common granule cell input. Finally, the MC and mTC pathways can be coordinated through the deep short-axon cells in providing input to the olfactory cortex. The results suggest how these mechanisms can dynamically select the functional network connectivity to create the overall output of the OB and promote the dynamic synchronization of glomerular units for any given odor stimulus.
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28
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Rey NL, Wesson DW, Brundin P. The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 109:226-248. [PMID: 28011307 PMCID: PMC5972535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory disturbances appear early and are considered as prodromal symptoms of the disease. In addition, pathological protein aggregates affect olfactory regions prior to other regions, suggesting that the olfactory system might be particularly vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. Exposed to the external environment, the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb allow pathogen and toxin penetration into the brain, a process that has been proposed to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Determining whether the olfactory bulb could be a starting point of pathology and of pathology spread is crucial to understanding how neurodegenerative diseases evolve. We argue that pathological changes following environmental insults contribute to the initiation of protein aggregation in the olfactory bulb, which then triggers the spread of the pathology within the brain by a templating mechanism in a prion-like manner. We review the evidence for the early involvement of olfactory structures in neurodegenerative diseases and the relationship between neuropathology and olfactory function. We discuss the vulnerability and putative underlying mechanisms by which pathology could be initiated in the olfactory bulb, from the entry of pathogens (promoted by increased permeability of the olfactory epithelium with aging or inflammation) to the sensitivity of the olfactory system to oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, we review changes in protein expression and neural excitability triggered by pathogenic proteins that can promote pathogenesis in the olfactory bulb and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwen L Rey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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29
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Zhang Z, Liu Q, Wen P, Zhang J, Rao X, Zhou Z, Zhang H, He X, Li J, Zhou Z, Xu X, Zhang X, Luo R, Lv G, Li H, Cao P, Wang L, Xu F. Activation of the dopaminergic pathway from VTA to the medial olfactory tubercle generates odor-preference and reward. eLife 2017; 6:25423. [PMID: 29251597 PMCID: PMC5777817 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Odor-preferences are usually influenced by life experiences. However, the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. The medial olfactory tubercle (mOT) is involved in both reward and olfaction, whereas the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons are considered to be engaged in reward and motivation. Here, we found that the VTA (DAergic)-mOT pathway could be activated by different types of naturalistic rewards as well as odors in DAT-cre mice. Optogenetic activation of the VTA-mOT DAergic fibers was able to elicit preferences for space, location and neutral odor, while pharmacological blockade of the dopamine receptors in the mOT fully prevented the odor-preference formation. Furthermore, inactivation of the mOT-projecting VTA DAergic neurons eliminated the previously formed odor-preference and strongly affected the Go-no go learning efficiency. In summary, our results revealed that the VTA (DAergic)-mOT pathway mediates a variety of naturalistic reward processes and different types of preferences including odor-preference in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zhang
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengjie Wen
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Rao
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongruo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoran Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Haohong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
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30
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Misiak MM, Hipolito MS, Ressom HW, Obisesan TO, Manaye KF, Nwulia EA. Apo E4 Alleles and Impaired Olfaction as Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 3:169. [PMID: 29423459 PMCID: PMC5800509 DOI: 10.4172/2471-2701.1000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects more than 5 million Americans. It is the only disease among the 10 causes of death that cannot be slowed or cured, thus raising the need for identification of early preclinical markers that could be the focus of preventative efforts. Although evidence is escalating that abnormalities in olfactory structure and function precede AD development and early cognitive impairments by one or more decades, the importance of olfaction is largely overlooked in AD, and such testing is not routinely performed in neurology clinics. Nevertheless, research using the olfactory model, has begun to advance our understanding of the preclinical pathophysiology of AD. Notably, an interesting series of studies is beginning to illuminate the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 polymorphism and olfactory dysfunction and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we reviewed present research on the significance of ApoE and olfaction to AD, summarized current studies on the associations and mechanisms of ApoE and olfactory dysfunction, and highlighted important gaps for future work to further advance the translational application of the olfactory paradigm to early, preclinical diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Physiology, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - MariaMananita S Hipolito
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Habtom W Ressom
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Evaristus A Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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31
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wen P, Zhu X, Wang L, Liu Q, Wang J, He X, Wang H, Xu F. Whole-Brain Mapping of the Inputs and Outputs of the Medial Part of the Olfactory Tubercle. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:52. [PMID: 28804450 PMCID: PMC5532451 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial part of the olfactory tubercle (OT) is a brain structure located at the interface of the reward and olfactory system. It is closely related to pheromone-rewards, natural reinforcement, addiction and many other behaviors. However, the structure of the anatomic circuitry of the medial part of the OT is still unclear. In the present study, the medial part of the OT was found to be highly connected with a wide range of brain areas with the help of the pseudorabies virus tracing tool. In order to further investigate the detailed connections for specific neurons, another tracing tool – rabies virus was utilized for D1R-cre and D2R-cre mice. The D1R and D2R neurons in the medial part of the OT were both preferentially innervated by the olfactory areas, especially the piriform cortex, and both had similar direct input patterns. With the help of the adeno-associated virus labeling, it was found that the two subpopulations of neurons primarily innervate with the reward related brain regions, with slightly less axons projecting to the olfactory areas. Thus, the whole-brain input and output circuitry structures for specific types of neurons in the medial part of the OT were systematically investigated, and the results revealed many unique connecting features. This work could provide new insights for further study into the physiological functions of the medial part of the OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China.,Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsWuhan, China
| | - Hongruo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Pengjie Wen
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Xutao Zhu
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsWuhan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsWuhan, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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32
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Park J, Wakabayashi KT, Szalkowski C, Bhimani RV. Heterogeneous extracellular dopamine regulation in the subregions of the olfactory tubercle. J Neurochem 2017; 142:365-377. [PMID: 28498499 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show that dense dopamine (DA) innervation from the ventral tegmental area to the olfactory tubercle (OT) may play an important role in processing multisensory information pertaining to arousal and reward, yet little is known about DA regulation in the OT. This is mainly due to the anatomical limitations of conventional methods of determining DA dynamics in small heterogeneous OT subregions located in the ventral most part of the brain. Additionally, there is increasing awareness that anteromedial and anterolateral subregions of the OT have distinct functional roles in natural and psychostimulant drug reinforcement as well as in regulating other types of behavioral responses, such as aversion. Here, we compared extracellular DA regulation (release and clearance) in three subregions (anteromedial, anterolateral, and posterior) of the OT of urethane-anesthetized rats, using in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry following electrical stimulation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic cell bodies. The neurochemical, anatomical, and pharmacological evidence confirmed that the major electrically evoked catecholamine in the OT was DA across both its anteroposterior and mediolateral extent. While both D2 autoreceptors and DA transporters play important roles in regulating DA evoked in OT subregions, DA in the anterolateral OT was regulated less by the D2 receptors when compared to other OT subregions. Comparing previous data from other DA rich ventral striatum regions, the slow DA clearance across the OT subregions may lead to a high extracellular DA concentration and contribute towards volume transmission. These differences in DA regulation in the terminals of OT subregions and other limbic structures will help us understand the neural regulatory mechanisms of DA in the OT, which may elucidate its distinct functional contribution in the ventral striatum towards mediating aversion, reward and addiction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ken T Wakabayashi
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Caitlin Szalkowski
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Rohan V Bhimani
- Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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33
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Yamaguchi M. Functional Sub-Circuits of the Olfactory System Viewed from the Olfactory Bulb and the Olfactory Tubercle. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:33. [PMID: 28443001 PMCID: PMC5387040 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the olfactory neural circuits has progressed beyond analysis of how odor information from the external environment is processed in the brain. While spatially-organized sub-circuits were found to exist up to the olfactory bulb (OB), the arrangement in the olfactory cortex (OC), especially in its representative piriform cortex (PC), appears diffuse and dispersed. An emerging view is that the activity of OC neurons may not simply encode odor identity but rather encode plastic odor information such as odor value. Although many studies support this notion, odor value can be either positive or negative, and the existence of sub-circuits corresponding to individual value types is not well explored. To address this question, I introduce here two olfactory areas other than the PC, OB and olfactory tubercle (OT) whose analysis may facilitate understanding of functional sub-circuits related to different odor values. Peripheral and centrifugal inputs to the OB are considered to relate to odor identity and odor value, respectively and centrifugal inputs to the OB potentially represent different odor values during different behavioral periods. The OT has spatially-segregated functional domains related to distinct motivated and hedonic behaviors. Thus, the OT provides a good starting point from which functional sub-circuits across various olfactory regions can be traced. Further analysis across wide areas of the olfactory system will likely reveal the functional sub-circuits that link odor identity with distinct odor values and direct distinct odor-induced motivated and hedonic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi UniversityKochi, Japan
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Sasamoto K, Nagai J, Nakabayashi T, He X, Ohshima T. Cdk5 is required for the positioning and survival of GABAergic neurons in developing mouse striatum. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 77:483-492. [PMID: 27480591 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase, and its activity is dependent upon an association with a neuron-specific activating subunit. It was previously reported that Cdk5-/- mice exhibit perinatal lethality and defective neuronal positioning. In this study, they focused on the analysis of neuronal positioning of GABAergic neurons in the forebrain. Defective formation of the ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercles was found in Cdk5-/- embryos. To further study this abnormal development, we generated and analyzed Dlx5/6-Cre p35 conditional KO (cKO); p39-/- mice in which forebrain GABAergic neurons have lost their Cdk5 kinase activity. Defective formation of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercles as well as neuronal loss in the striatum of Dlx5/6-Cre p35cKO; p39-/- mice was found. Elevated levels of phosphorylated JNK were observed in neonatal striatal samples from Dlx5/6-Cre p35cKO; p39-/- mice, suggestive of neuronal death. These results indicate that Cdk5 is required for the formation of the ventral striatum in a cell-autonomous manner, and loss of the kinase activity of Cdk5 causes GABAergic neuronal death in the developing mouse forebrain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419-437, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Sasamoto
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takeru Nakabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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Xiong A, Wesson DW. Illustrated Review of the Ventral Striatum's Olfactory Tubercle. Chem Senses 2016; 41:549-55. [PMID: 27340137 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroscience often relies upon artistic renderings to illustrate key aspects of anatomy. These renderings can be in 2 or even 3 dimensions. Three-dimensional renderings are especially helpful in conceptualizing highly complex aspects of neuroanatomy which otherwise are not visually apparent in 2 dimensions or even intact biological samples themselves. Here, we provide 3 dimensional renderings of the gross- and cellular-anatomy of the rodent olfactory tubercle. Based upon standing literature and detailed investigations into rat brain specimens, we created biologically inspired illustrations of the olfactory tubercle in 3 dimensions as well as its connectivity with olfactory bulb projection neurons, the piriform cortex association fiber system, and ventral pallidum medium spiny neurons. Together, we intend for these illustrations to serve as a resource to the neuroscience community in conceptualizing and discussing this highly complex and interconnected brain system with established roles in sensory processing and motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Wakabayashi KT, Bruno MJ, Bass CE, Park J. Application of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for the in vivo characterization of optically evoked dopamine in the olfactory tubercle of the rat brain. Analyst 2016; 141:3746-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine regulation in the rat brain olfactory tubercle was characterized by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry coupled with carbon–fiber microelectrodes and optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken T. Wakabayashi
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Michael J. Bruno
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Caroline E. Bass
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences
- University at Buffalo
- State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
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