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Gagliardi S, Mitruccio M, Di Corato R, Romano R, Aloisi A, Rinaldi R, Alifano P, Guerra F, Bucci C. Defects of mitochondria-lysosomes communication induce secretion of mitochondria-derived vesicles and drive chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:165. [PMID: 38448982 PMCID: PMC10916030 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), generation of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) is a process to avoid complete failure of mitochondria determining lysosomal degradation of mitochondrial damaged proteins. In this context, RAB7, a late endocytic small GTPase, controls delivery of MDVs to late endosomes for subsequent lysosomal degradation. We previously demonstrated that RAB7 has a pivotal role in response to cisplatin (CDDP) regulating resistance to the drug by extracellular vesicle (EVs) secretion. METHODS Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to analyze structure and function of endosomes and lysosomes in CDDP chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines. EVs were purified from chemosensitive and chemoresistant cells by ultracentrifugation or immunoisolation to analyze their mitochondrial DNA and protein content. Treatment with cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and RAB7 modulation were used, respectively, to understand the role of mitochondrial and late endosomal/lysosomal alterations on MDV secretion. Using conditioned media from chemoresistant cells the effect of MDVs on the viability after CDDP treatment was determined. Seahorse assays and immunofluorescence analysis were used to study the biochemical role of MDVs and the uptake and intracellular localization of MDVs, respectively. RESULTS We observed that CDDP-chemoresistant cells are characterized by increased MDV secretion, impairment of late endocytic traffic, RAB7 downregulation, an increase of RAB7 in EVs, compared to chemosensitive cells, and downregulation of the TFEB-mTOR pathway overseeing lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover. We established that MDVs can be secreted rather than delivered to lysosomes and are able to deliver CDDP outside the cells. We showed increased secretion of MDVs by chemoresistant cells ultimately caused by the extrusion of RAB7 in EVs, resulting in a dramatic drop in its intracellular content, as a novel mechanism to regulate RAB7 levels. We demonstrated that MDVs purified from chemoresistant cells induce chemoresistance in RAB7-modulated process, and, after uptake from recipient cells, MDVs localize to mitochondria and slow down mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional MQC in chemoresistant cells determines a block in lysosomal degradation of MDVs and their consequent secretion, suggesting that MQC is not able to eliminate damaged mitochondria whose components are secreted becoming effectors and potential markers of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinforosa Gagliardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Mitruccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, 73010, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aloisi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Scuola Superiore ISUFI, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, University Campus, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
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Son W, Jeong HS, Nam DE, Lee AJ, Nam SH, Lee JE, Choi BO, Chung KW. Peripheral Neuropathy and Decreased Locomotion of a RAB40B Mutation in Human and Model Animals. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:410-422. [PMID: 38196136 PMCID: PMC10789172 DOI: 10.5607/en23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rab40 proteins are an atypical subgroup of Rab GTPases containing a unique suppressor of the cytokine signaling (SOCS) domain that is recruited to assemble the CRL5 E3 ligase complex for proteolytic regulation in various biological processes. A nonsense mutation deleting the C-terminal SOCS box in the RAB40B gene was identified in a family with axonal peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2), and pathogenicity of the mutation was assessed in model organisms of zebrafish and Drosophila. Compared to control fish, zebrafish larvae transformed by the human mutant hRAB40B-Y83X showed a defective swimming pattern of stalling with restricted localization and slower motility. We were consistently able to observe reduced labeling of synaptic markers along neuromuscular junctions of the transformed larvae. In addition to the neurodevelopmental phenotypes, compared to normal hRAB40B expression, we further examined ectopic expression of hRAB40B-Y83X in Drosophila to show a progressive decline of locomotion ability. Decreased ability of locomotion by ubiquitous expression of the human mutation was reproduced not with GAL4 drivers for neuron-specific expression but only when a pan-glial GAL4 driver was applied. Using the ectopic expression model of Drosophila, we identified a genetic interaction in which Cul5 down regulation exacerbated the defective motor performance, showing a consistent loss of SOCS box of the pathogenic RAB40B. Taken together, we could assess the possible gain-of-function of the human RAB40B mutation by comparing behavioral phenotypes in animal models; our results suggest that the mutant phenotypes may be associated with CRL5-mediated proteolytic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Son
- Department of Biological Sciences and BK21 Team for Field-oriented BioCore Human Resources Development, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Da Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences and BK21 Team for Field-oriented BioCore Human Resources Development, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Ah Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and BK21 Team for Field-oriented BioCore Human Resources Development, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences and BK21 Team for Field-oriented BioCore Human Resources Development, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
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Wong YC, Jayaraj ND, Belton TB, Shum GC, Ball HE, Ren D, Tadenev ALD, Krainc D, Burgess RW, Menichella DM. Misregulation of mitochondria-lysosome contact dynamics in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2B disease Rab7 mutant sensory peripheral neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313010120. [PMID: 37878717 PMCID: PMC10622892 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle contact sites between mitochondria and lysosomes mediate the crosstalk and bidirectional regulation of their dynamics in health and disease. However, mitochondria-lysosome contact sites and their misregulation have not been investigated in peripheral sensory neurons. Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B disease is an autosomal dominant axonal neuropathy affecting peripheral sensory neurons caused by mutations in the GTPase Rab7. Using live super-resolution and confocal time-lapse microscopy, we showed that mitochondria-lysosome contact sites dynamically form in the soma and axons of peripheral sensory neurons. Interestingly, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B mutant Rab7 led to prolonged mitochondria-lysosome contact site tethering preferentially in the axons of peripheral sensory neurons, due to impaired Rab7 GTP hydrolysis-mediated contact site untethering. We further generated a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B mutant Rab7 knock-in mouse model which exhibited prolonged axonal mitochondria-lysosome contact site tethering and defective downstream axonal mitochondrial dynamics due to impaired Rab7 GTP hydrolysis as well as fragmented mitochondria in the axon of the sciatic nerve. Importantly, mutant Rab7 mice further demonstrated preferential sensory behavioral abnormalities and neuropathy, highlighting an important role for mutant Rab7 in driving degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons. Together, this study identifies an important role for mitochondria-lysosome contact sites in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Nirupa D. Jayaraj
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Tayler B. Belton
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - George C. Shum
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Hannah E. Ball
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | | | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | | | - Daniela M. Menichella
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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Mulligan RJ, Winckler B. Regulation of Endosomal Trafficking by Rab7 and Its Effectors in Neurons: Clues from Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37759799 PMCID: PMC10527268 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular endosomal trafficking controls the balance between protein degradation and synthesis, i.e., proteostasis, but also many of the cellular signaling pathways that emanate from activated growth factor receptors after endocytosis. Endosomal trafficking, sorting, and motility are coordinated by the activity of small GTPases, including Rab proteins, whose function as molecular switches direct activity at endosomal membranes through effector proteins. Rab7 is particularly important in the coordination of the degradative functions of the pathway. Rab7 effectors control endosomal maturation and the properties of late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, such as coordination of recycling, motility, and fusion with downstream compartments. The spatiotemporal regulation of endosomal receptor trafficking is particularly challenging in neurons because of their enormous size, their distinct intracellular domains with unique requirements (dendrites vs. axons), and their long lifespans as postmitotic, differentiated cells. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B disease (CMT2B), familial missense mutations in Rab7 cause alterations in GTPase cycling and trafficking, leading to an ulcero-mutilating peripheral neuropathy. The prevailing hypothesis to account for CMT2B pathologies is that CMT2B-associated Rab7 alleles alter endocytic trafficking of the neurotrophin NGF and its receptor TrkA and, thereby, disrupt normal trophic signaling in the peripheral nervous system, but other Rab7-dependent pathways are also impacted. Here, using TrkA as a prototypical endocytic cargo, we review physiologic Rab7 effector interactions and control in neurons. Since neurons are among the largest cells in the body, we place particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial regulation of endosomal sorting and trafficking in neuronal processes. We further discuss the current findings in CMT2B mutant Rab7 models, the impact of mutations on effector interactions or balance, and how this dysregulation may confer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Vöing K, Michgehl U, Mertens ND, Picciotto C, Maywald ML, Goretzko J, Waimann S, Gilhaus K, Rogg M, Schell C, Klingauf J, Tsytsyura Y, Hansen U, van Marck V, Edinger AL, Vollenbröker B, Rescher U, Braun DA, George B, Weide T, Pavenstädt H. Disruption of the Rab7-Dependent Final Common Pathway of Endosomal and Autophagic Processing Results in a Severe Podocytopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1191-1206. [PMID: 37022133 PMCID: PMC10356157 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of proteins are essential functions of mammalian cells, especially for terminally differentiated cells with limited regeneration rates and complex morphology, such as podocytes. To improve our understanding on how disturbances of these trafficking pathways are linked to podocyte depletion and slit diaphragm (SD) injury, the authors explored the role of the small GTPase Rab7, which is linked to endosomal, lysosomal, and autophagic pathways, using as model systems mice and Drosophila with podocyte-specific or nephrocyte-specific loss of Rab7, and a human podocyte cell line depleted for Rab7. Their findings point to maturation and fusion events during endolysosomal and autophagic maturation as key processes for podocyte homeostasis and function and identify altered lysosomal pH values as a putative novel mechanism for podocytopathies. BACKGROUND Endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of proteins are essential functions of mammalian cells, especially for terminally differentiated cells with limited regeneration rates, such as podocytes. How disturbances within these trafficking pathways may act as factors in proteinuric glomerular diseases is poorly understood. METHODS To explore how disturbances in trafficking pathways may act as factors in proteinuric glomerular diseases, we focused on Rab7, a highly conserved GTPase that controls the homeostasis of late endolysosomal and autophagic processes. We generated mouse and Drosophila in vivo models lacking Rab7 exclusively in podocytes or nephrocytes, and performed histologic and ultrastructural analyses. To further investigate Rab7 function on lysosomal and autophagic structures, we used immortalized human cell lines depleted for Rab7. RESULTS Depletion of Rab7 in mice, Drosophila , and immortalized human cell lines resulted in an accumulation of diverse vesicular structures resembling multivesicular bodies, autophagosomes, and autoendolysosomes. Mice lacking Rab7 developed a severe and lethal renal phenotype with early-onset proteinuria and global or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, accompanied by an altered distribution of slit diaphragm proteins. Remarkably, structures resembling multivesicular bodies began forming within 2 weeks after birth, prior to the glomerular injuries. In Drosophila nephrocytes, Rab7 knockdown resulted in the accumulation of vesicles and reduced slit diaphragms. In vitro , Rab7 knockout led to similar enlarged vesicles and altered lysosomal pH values, accompanied by an accumulation of lysosomal marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS Disruption within the final common pathway of endocytic and autophagic processes may be a novel and insufficiently understood mechanism regulating podocyte health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Vöing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Ulf Michgehl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Nils David Mertens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Cara Picciotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Mee-Ling Maywald
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Jonas Goretzko
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sofie Waimann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Kevin Gilhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yaroslav Tsytsyura
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Veerle van Marck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Aimee L. Edinger
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Beate Vollenbröker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniela Anne Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Britta George
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
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Kato Y, Shirai R, Ohbuchi K, Oizumi H, Yamamoto M, Miyata W, Iguchi T, Mimaki Y, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Hesperetin Ameliorates Inhibition of Neuronal and Oligodendroglial Cell Differentiation Phenotypes Induced by Knockdown of Rab2b, an Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Gene Product. Neurol Int 2023; 15:371-391. [PMID: 36976668 PMCID: PMC10057161 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a central nervous system (CNS) neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, pervasive developmental disorder, and Asperger’s syndrome. ASD is characterized by repetitive behaviors and social communication deficits. ASD is thought to be a multifactorial disorder with a range of genetic and environmental factors/candidates. Among such factors is the rab2b gene, although it remains unclear how Rab2b itself is related to the CNS neuronal and glial developmental disorganization observed in ASD patients. Rab2 subfamily members regulate intracellular vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report that Rab2b positively regulates neuronal and glial cell morphological differentiation. Knockdown of Rab2b inhibited morphological changes in N1E-115 cells, which are often used as the neuronal cell differentiation model. These changes were accomplished with decreased expression levels of marker proteins in neuronal cells. Similar results were obtained for FBD-102b cells, which are used as the model of oligodendroglial cell morphological differentiation. In contrast, knockdown of Rab2a, which is another Rab2 family member not known to be associated with ASD, affected only oligodendroglial and not neuronal morphological changes. In contrast, treatment with hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid with various cellular protective effects, in cells recovered the defective morphological changes induced by Rab2b knockdown. These results suggest that knockdown of Rab2b inhibits differentiation in neuronal and glial cells and may be associated with pathological cellular phenotypes in ASD and that hesperetin can recover their phenotypes at the in vitro level at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Kato
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.K.); (W.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Remina Shirai
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.K.); (W.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Ibaraki, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Ibaraki, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Ibaraki, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Wakana Miyata
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.K.); (W.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomoki Iguchi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.K.); (W.M.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya 157-8535, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.K.); (W.M.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya 157-8535, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-7164; Fax: +81-42-676-8841
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Harcourt-Smith EA, Krstic ET, Soekov-Pearce BJ, Colella AD, Chegeni N, Chataway TK, Woods CM, Aliakbari K, Carney AS. The Nasal Innate Immune Proteome After Saline Irrigation: A Pilot Study in Healthy Individuals. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023:19458924231159176. [PMID: 36847244 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231159176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown diminished nasal immune function following nasal saline irrigation (NSI), returning to baseline at 6 hours. The aim of this study was to examine the immune nasal proteome before and after 14 days of nasal irrigation. METHODS Seventeen healthy volunteers received either isotonic (IsoSal) or low salt (LowNa) NSI. Nasal secretions were collected before and 30 min after NSI at baseline and again after 14 days. Specimens were analyzed using mass spectrometry to detect proteins of relevance to nasal immune function. RESULTS One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five proteins were identified with significant changes in 71 proteins, of which 23 were identified as part of the innate immune system. Baseline analysis demonstrated an increase of 9 innate proteins after NSI, most after IsoSal. After 14 days, a greater increase in innate peptides was present, with most now in the LowNa group. When NSI solutions were compared, a significant increase in 4 innate proteins, including a 211% in lysozyme, was detected in the LowNa group. CONCLUSION LowNa NSI demonstrates evidence of improving the innate immune secretions, especially lysozyme, in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emerson T Krstic
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alex D Colella
- Proteomics Facility, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Nusha Chegeni
- Proteomics Facility, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy K Chataway
- Proteomics Facility, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Charmaine M Woods
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kamelya Aliakbari
- Proteomics Facility, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - A Simon Carney
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Nik Akhtar S, Bunner WP, Brennan E, Lu Q, Szatmari EM. Crosstalk between the Rho and Rab family of small GTPases in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1084769. [PMID: 36779014 PMCID: PMC9911442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1084769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is associated with defects in cytoskeletal dynamics and dysfunctions of the vesicular trafficking and sorting systems. In the last few decades, studies have demonstrated that the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics are proteins from the Rho family GTPases, meanwhile, the central hub for vesicle sorting and transport between target membranes is the Rab family of GTPases. In this regard, the role of Rho and Rab GTPases in the induction and maintenance of distinct functional and morphological neuronal domains (such as dendrites and axons) has been extensively studied. Several members belonging to these two families of proteins have been associated with many neurodegenerative disorders ranging from dementia to motor neuron degeneration. In this analysis, we attempt to present a brief review of the potential crosstalk between the Rab and Rho family members in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Nik Akhtar
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Wyatt P. Bunner
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Brennan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Qun Lu
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Erzsebet M. Szatmari Qun Lu
| | - Erzsebet M. Szatmari
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Erzsebet M. Szatmari Qun Lu
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9
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Singh J, Patten SA. Modeling neuromuscular diseases in zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1054573. [PMID: 36583079 PMCID: PMC9794147 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1054573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases are a diverse group of conditions that affect the motor system and present some overlapping as well as distinct clinical manifestations. Although individually rare, the combined prevalence of NMDs is similar to Parkinson's. Over the past decade, new genetic mutations have been discovered through whole exome/genome sequencing, but the pathogenesis of most NMDs remains largely unexplored. Little information on the molecular mechanism governing the progression and development of NMDs accounts for the continual failure of therapies in clinical trials. Different aspects of the diseases are typically investigated using different models from cells to animals. Zebrafish emerges as an excellent model for studying genetics and pathogenesis and for developing therapeutic interventions for most NMDs. In this review, we describe the generation of different zebrafish genetic models mimicking NMDs and how they are used for drug discovery and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Singh
- INRS – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A. Patten
- INRS – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada,Departement de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines – Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Shunmoogum A. Patten,
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10
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Luchetti F, Nasoni MG, Burattini S, Mohammadi A, Pagliarini M, Canonico B, Ambrogini P, Balduini W, Reiter RJ, Carloni S. Melatonin Attenuates Ischemic-like Cell Injury by Promoting Autophagosome Maturation via the Sirt1/FoxO1/Rab7 Axis in Hippocampal HT22 Cells and in Organotypic Cultures. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223701. [PMID: 36429130 PMCID: PMC9688641 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy is linked to neuronal damage in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7), a member of the Rab family of small GTPases, appears crucial for the progression of the autophagic flux, and its activity is strictly interconnected with the histone deacetylase Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and transcription factor Forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1). The present study assessed the neuroprotective role of melatonin in the modulation of the Sirt1/FoxO1/Rab7 axis in HT22 cells and organotypic hippocampal cultures exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). The results showed that melatonin re-established physiological levels of autophagy and reduced propidium iodide-positive cells, speeding up autophagosome (AP) maturation and increasing lysosomal activity. Our study revealed that melatonin modulates autophagic pathways, increasing the expression of both Rab7 and FoxO1 and restoring the Sirt1 expression affected by OGD/R. In addition, the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 significantly reduced Rab7, Sirt1, and FoxO1 expression, as well as autolysosomes formation, and blocked the neuroprotective effect of melatonin. Overall, our findings provide, for the first time, new insights into the neuroprotective role of melatonin against ischemic injury through the activation of the Sirt1/FoxO1/Rab7 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Atefeh Mohammadi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marica Pagliarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0722-303528
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11
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Kim S, Coukos R, Gao F, Krainc D. Dysregulation of organelle membrane contact sites in neurological diseases. Neuron 2022; 110:2386-2408. [PMID: 35561676 PMCID: PMC9357093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The defining evolutionary feature of eukaryotic cells is the emergence of membrane-bound organelles. Compartmentalization allows each organelle to maintain a spatially, physically, and chemically distinct environment, which greatly bolsters individual organelle function. However, the activities of each organelle must be balanced and are interdependent for cellular homeostasis. Therefore, properly regulated interactions between organelles, either physically or functionally, remain critical for overall cellular health and behavior. In particular, neuronal homeostasis depends heavily on the proper regulation of organelle function and cross talk, and deficits in these functions are frequently associated with diseases. In this review, we examine the emerging role of organelle contacts in neurological diseases and discuss how the disruption of contacts contributes to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and regulation of organelle contacts will broaden our knowledge of their role in health and disease, laying the groundwork for the development of new therapies targeting interorganelle cross talk and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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12
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Gu Y, Guerra F, Hu M, Pope A, Sung K, Yang W, Jetha S, Shoff TA, Gunatilake T, Dahlkamp O, Shi LZ, Manganelli F, Nolano M, Zhou Y, Ding J, Bucci C, Wu C. Mitochondria dysfunction in Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:717. [PMID: 35851620 PMCID: PMC9293960 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab7 GTPase regulates mitochondrial morphology and function. Missense mutation(s) of Rab7 underlies the pathogenesis of Charcot Marie Tooth 2B (CMT2B) peripheral neuropathy. Herein, we investigate how mitochondrial morphology and function are impacted by the CMT2B associated Rab7V162M mutation. In contrast to recent studies of using heterologous overexpression systems, our results demonstrate significant mitochondrial fragmentation in both human CMT2B patient fibroblasts and CMT2B embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Primary cultured E18 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons also show mitochondrial fragmentation and altered axonal mitochondrial movement. In addition, we demonstrate that inhibitors to either the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 or to the nucleotide binding to Rab7 normalize the mitochondrial deficits in both MEFs and E18 cultured DRG neurons. Our study reveals, for the first time, that expression of CMT2B Rab7 mutation at the physiological level enhances Drp1 activity to promote mitochondrial fission, potentially underlying selective vulnerability of peripheral sensory neurons in CMT2B pathogenesis. The Rab7V162M mutation associated with Charcot Marie Tooth 2B peripheral neuropathy causes mitochondrial fragmentation in patient-derived fibroblasts and primary cultured dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons from E18 mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Gu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mingzheng Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Pope
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Kijung Sung
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Sheng, China
| | - Simone Jetha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Shoff
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Tessanya Gunatilake
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Owen Dahlkamp
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Linda Zhixia Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.
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13
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Ghilarducci K, Cabana VC, Harake A, Cappadocia L, Lussier MP. Membrane Targeting and GTPase Activity of Rab7 Are Required for Its Ubiquitination by RNF167. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147847. [PMID: 35887194 PMCID: PMC9319455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab7 is a GTPase that controls late endosome and lysosome trafficking. Recent studies have demonstrated that Rab7 is ubiquitinated, a post-translational modification mediated by an enzymatic cascade. To date, only one ubiquitin E3 ligase and one deubiquitinase have been identified in regulating Rab7 ubiquitination. Here, we report that RNF167, a transmembrane endolysosomal ubiquitin ligase, can ubiquitinate Rab7. Using immunoprecipitation and in vitro ubiquitination assays, we demonstrate that Rab7 is a direct substrate of RNF167. Subcellular fractionation indicates that RNF167 activity maintains Rab7′s membrane localization. Epifluorescence microscopy in HeLa cells shows that Rab7-positive vesicles are larger under conditions enabling Rab7 ubiquitination by RNF167. Characterization of its ubiquitination reveals that Rab7 must be in its GTP-bound active form for membrane anchoring and, thus, accessible for RNF167-mediated ubiquitin attachment. Cellular distribution analyses of lysosome marker Lamp1 show that vesicle positioning is independent of Rab7 and RNF167 expression and that Rab7 endosomal localization is not affected by RNF167 knockdown. However, both Rab7 and RNF167 depletion affect each other’s lysosomal localization. Finally, this study demonstrates that the RNF167-mediated ubiquitination of Rab7 GTPase is impaired by variants of Charcot–Marie–Tooth Type 2B disease. This study identified RNF167 as a new ubiquitin ligase for Rab7 while expanding our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the ubiquitination of Rab7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ghilarducci
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 2J6, Canada; (K.G.); (V.C.C.); (A.H.); (L.C.)
- Centre d’Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Valérie C. Cabana
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 2J6, Canada; (K.G.); (V.C.C.); (A.H.); (L.C.)
- Centre d’Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Ali Harake
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 2J6, Canada; (K.G.); (V.C.C.); (A.H.); (L.C.)
- Centre d’Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Laurent Cappadocia
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 2J6, Canada; (K.G.); (V.C.C.); (A.H.); (L.C.)
- Centre d’Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Marc P. Lussier
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 2J6, Canada; (K.G.); (V.C.C.); (A.H.); (L.C.)
- Centre d’Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-987-3000 (ext. 5591); Fax: +1-514-987-4054
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14
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Mitochondria-lysosome contact site dynamics and misregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:312-322. [PMID: 35249745 PMCID: PMC8930467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons rely heavily on properly regulated mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis, with multiple neurodegenerative diseases linked to dysfunction in these two organelles. Interestingly, mitochondria-lysosome membrane contact sites have been identified as a key pathway mediating their crosstalk in neurons. Recent studies have further elucidated the regulation of mitochondria-lysosome contact dynamics via distinct tethering/untethering protein machinery. Moreover, this pathway has been shown to have additional functions in regulating organelle network dynamics and metabolite transfer between lysosomes and mitochondria. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of mitochondria-lysosome contact sites and their misregulation across multiple neurodegenerative disorders, which further underscore a potential role for this pathway in neuronal homeostasis and disease.
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15
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Romano R, Del Fiore VS, Saveri P, Palamà IE, Pisciotta C, Pareyson D, Bucci C, Guerra F. Autophagy and Lysosomal Functionality in CMT2B Fibroblasts Carrying the RAB7 K126R Mutation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030496. [PMID: 35159308 PMCID: PMC8834514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) disease is a dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy caused by five mutations in the RAB7A gene. Autophagy and late endocytic trafficking were already characterized in CMT2B. Indeed, impairment of autophagy and an increase in lysosomal degradative activity were found in cells expressing the mutant proteins. Recently, we described a novel RAB7 mutation associated with predominantly motor CMT2 and impaired EGFR trafficking. With the aim to analyze the autophagy process and lysosomal activity in CMT2B fibroblasts carrying the p.K126R RAB7 novel mutation and to investigate further the causes of the different phenotype, we have performed Western blot, immunofluorescence and cytometric analyses monitoring autophagic markers and endocytic proteins. Moreover, we investigated lipophagy by analyzing accumulation of lipid droplets and their co-localization with endolysosomal degradative compartments. We found that cells expressing the RAB7K126R mutant protein were characterized by impairment of autophagy and lipophagy processes and by a moderate increase in lysosomal activity compared to the previously studied cells carrying the RAB7V162M mutation. Thus, we concluded that EGFR trafficking alterations and a moderate increase in lysosomal activity with concomitant impairment of autophagy could induce the specific predominantly motor phenotype observed in K126R patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
| | - Victoria Stefania Del Fiore
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
| | - Paola Saveri
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (C.P.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (C.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (C.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-8900 (C.B.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-8900 (C.B.)
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16
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Szegö EM, Van den Haute C, Höfs L, Baekelandt V, Van der Perren A, Falkenburger BH. Rab7 reduces α-synuclein toxicity in rats and primary neurons. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113900. [PMID: 34695425 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) induces a vicious cycle of cellular impairments that lead to neurodegeneration. Consequently, removing toxic αSyn aggregates constitutes a plausible strategy against PD. In this work, we tested whether stimulating the autolysosomal degradation of αSyn aggregates through the Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7) pathway can reverse αSyn-induced cellular impairment and prevent neurodegeneration in vivo. The disease-related A53T mutant of αSyn was expressed in primary neurons and in dopaminergic neurons of the rat brain simultaneously with wild type (WT) Rab7 or the T22N mutant as negative control. The cellular integrity was quantified by morphological and biochemical analyses. In primary neurons, WT Rab7 rescued the αSyn-induced loss of neurons and neurites. Furthermore, Rab7 decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species and the amount of Triton X-100 insoluble αSyn. In rat brain, WT Rab7 reduced αSyn-induced loss of dopaminergic axon terminals in the striatum and the loss of dopaminergic dendrites in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Further, WT Rab7 lowered αSyn pathology as quantified by phosphorylated αSyn staining. Finally, WT Rab7 attenuated αSyn-induced DNA damage in primary neurons and rat brain. In brief, Rab7 reduced αSyn-induced pathology, ameliorated αSyn-induced neuronal degeneration, oxidative stress and DNA damage. These findings indicate that Rab7 is able to disrupt the vicious cycle of cellular impairment, αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration present in PD. Stimulation of Rab7 and the autolysosomal degradation pathway could therefore constitute a beneficial strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Szegö
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lennart Höfs
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Markworth R, Dambeck V, Steinbeck LM, Koufali A, Bues B, Dankovich TM, Wichmann C, Burk K. Tubular microdomains of Rab7-positive endosomes retrieve TrkA, a mechanism disrupted in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2B. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272650. [PMID: 34486665 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal survival and growth requires signalling from tropomyosin receptor kinases (Trks). To transmit their signals, receptor-ligand complexes are endocytosed and undergo retrograde trafficking to the soma, where downstream signalling occurs. Vesicles transporting neurotrophic receptors to the soma are reported to be Rab7-positive late endosomes and/or multivesicular bodies (MVBs), where receptors localize within so-called intraluminal vesicles (herein Rab7 corresponds to Rab7A unless specified otherwise). Therefore, one challenging question is how downstream signalling is possible given the insulating properties of intraluminal vesicles. In this study, we report that Rab7-positive endosomes and MVBs retrieve TrkA (also known as NTRK1) through tubular microdomains. Interestingly, this phenotype is absent for the EGF receptor. Furthermore, we found that endophilinA1, endophilinA2 and endophilinA3, together with WASH1 (also known as WASHC1), are involved in the tubulation process. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2B (CMT2B), a neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system, this tubulating mechanism is disrupted. In addition, the ability to tubulate correlates with the phosphorylation levels of TrkA as well as with neurite length in neuronal cultures from dorsal root ganglia. In all, we report a new retrieval mechanism of late Rab7-positive endosomes, which enables TrkA signalling and sheds new light onto how neurotrophic signalling is disrupted in CMT2B. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,European Neuroscience Institute, Grisebachstraße 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vivian Dambeck
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Malte Steinbeck
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angeliki Koufali
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Bues
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tal M Dankovich
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wichmann
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centers 889 'Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing' and 1286 'Quantitative Synaptology', 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,European Neuroscience Institute, Grisebachstraße 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold Straße 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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Agrawal M, Welshhans K. Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:717170. [PMID: 34434089 PMCID: PMC8380849 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.717170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mRNA localization and translation at distal sites in axons and dendrites. The existing literature shows that local translation is regulated in a temporally and spatially restricted manner and is critical throughout embryonic and post-embryonic life. Here, recent key findings about mRNA localization and local translation across the various stages of neural development, including neurogenesis, axon development, and synaptogenesis, are reviewed. In the early stages of development, mRNAs are localized and locally translated in the endfeet of radial glial cells, but much is still unexplored about their functional significance. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have provided new information about the specific mechanisms regulating local translation during axon development, including growth cone guidance and axon branching. Later in development, localization and translation of mRNAs help mediate the major structural and functional changes that occur in the axon during synaptogenesis. Clinically, changes in local translation across all stages of neural development have important implications for understanding the etiology of several neurological disorders. Herein, local translation and mechanisms regulating this process across developmental stages are compared and discussed in the context of function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Agrawal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Kristy Welshhans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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20
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Romano R, Calcagnile M, Margiotta A, Franci L, Chiariello M, Alifano P, Bucci C. RAB7A Regulates Vimentin Phosphorylation through AKT and PAK. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092220. [PMID: 34066419 PMCID: PMC8125308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAB7A (RAs-related in Brain 7A) is a master regulator of intracellular traffic controlling transport to late endosomes and lysosomes, two organelles of the endocytic pathway important for degradation. Thanks to this function, RAB7A is also involved in cellular processes linked to cancer, such as apoptosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell migration. Therefore, the interest in the role of RAB7A in cancer progression is increasing. Previously, we demonstrated that RAB7A regulates phosphorylation and assembly of vimentin, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein, which is also an important mesenchymal marker of cancer cells. The aim of the present study is the identification of the kinases responsible for vimentin phosphorylation whose activity is affected by the modulation of RAB7A expression. We found that RAB7A is able to regulate AKT (also called protein kinase B or PKB) and PAK1 (P21-Activated Kinase 1) and several of their downstream effectors, which control proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. These data suggest that RAB7A could have a key role in cancer development. Abstract RAB7A is a small GTPase that controls the late endocytic pathway but also cell migration through RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) and vimentin. In fact, RAB7A regulates vimentin phosphorylation at different sites and vimentin assembly, and, in this study, we identified vimentin domains interacting with RAB7A. As several kinases could be responsible for vimentin phosphorylation, we investigated whether modulation of RAB7A expression affects the activity of these kinases. We discovered that RAB7A regulates AKT and PAK1, and we demonstrated that increased vimentin phosphorylation at Ser38 (Serine 38), observed upon RAB7A overexpression, is due to AKT activity. As AKT and PAK1 are key regulators of several cellular events, we investigated if RAB7A could have a role in these processes by modulating AKT and PAK1 activity. We found that RAB7A protein levels affected beta-catenin and caspase 9 expression. We also observed the downregulation of cofilin-1 and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity upon RAB7A silencing. Altogether these results demonstrate that RAB7A regulates AKT and PAK1 kinases, affecting their downstream effectors and the processes they regulate, suggesting that RAB7A could have a role in a number of cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Azzurra Margiotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, La Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, La Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298900
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21
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Skjeldal FM, Haugen LH, Mateus D, Frei DM, Rødseth AV, Hu X, Bakke O. De novo formation of early endosomes during Rab5-to-Rab7a transition. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237792. [PMID: 33737317 PMCID: PMC8106955 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab5 and Rab7a are the main determinants of early and late endosomes and are important regulators of endosomal progression. The transport from early endosomes to late endosome seems to be regulated through an endosomal maturation switch, where Rab5 is gradually exchanged by Rab7a on the same endosome. Here, we provide new insight into the mechanism of endosomal maturation, for which we have discovered a stepwise Rab5 detachment, sequentially regulated by Rab7a. The initial detachment of Rab5 is Rab7a independent and demonstrates a diffusion-like first-phase exchange between the cytosol and the endosomal membrane, and a second phase, in which Rab5 converges into specific domains that detach as a Rab5 indigenous endosome. Consequently, we show that early endosomal maturation regulated through the Rab5-to-Rab7a switch induces the formation of new fully functional Rab5-positive early endosomes. Progression through stepwise early endosomal maturation regulates the direction of transport and, concomitantly, the homeostasis of early endosomes. Highlighted Article: A crucial step in endosomal maturation is the exchange of Rab5 with Rab7a, and we show that this two-phase exchange is finalized by the formation of Rab5-positive early endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duarte Mateus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominik M Frei
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Vik Rødseth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xian Hu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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22
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Kohrs FE, Daumann IM, Pavlovic B, Jin EJ, Kiral FR, Lin SC, Port F, Wolfenberg H, Mathejczyk TF, Linneweber GA, Chan CC, Boutros M, Hiesinger PR. Systematic functional analysis of rab GTPases reveals limits of neuronal robustness to environmental challenges in flies. eLife 2021; 10:59594. [PMID: 33666175 PMCID: PMC8016483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are molecular switches that regulate membrane trafficking in all cells. Neurons have particular demands on membrane trafficking and express numerous Rab GTPases of unknown function. Here, we report the generation and characterization of molecularly defined null mutants for all 26 rab genes in Drosophila. In flies, all rab genes are expressed in the nervous system where at least half exhibit particularly high levels compared to other tissues. Surprisingly, loss of any of these 13 nervous system-enriched Rabs yielded viable and fertile flies without obvious morphological defects. However, all 13 mutants differentially affected development when challenged with different temperatures, or neuronal function when challenged with continuous stimulation. We identified a synaptic maintenance defect following continuous stimulation for six mutants, including an autophagy-independent role of rab26. The complete mutant collection generated in this study provides a basis for further comprehensive studies of Rab GTPases during development and function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike E Kohrs
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilsa-Maria Daumann
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bojana Pavlovic
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugene Jennifer Jin
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Ridvan Kiral
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Filip Port
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Wolfenberg
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Mathejczyk
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerit A Linneweber
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Robin Hiesinger
- Division of Neurobiology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Role of the V1G1 subunit of V-ATPase in breast cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4615. [PMID: 33633298 PMCID: PMC7907067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
V-ATPase is a large multi-subunit complex that regulates acidity of intracellular compartments and of extracellular environment. V-ATPase consists of several subunits that drive specific regulatory mechanisms. The V1G1 subunit, a component of the peripheral stalk of the pump, controls localization and activation of the pump on late endosomes and lysosomes by interacting with RILP and RAB7. Deregulation of some subunits of the pump has been related to tumor invasion and metastasis formation in breast cancer. We observed a decrease of V1G1 and RAB7 in highly invasive breast cancer cells, suggesting a key role of these proteins in controlling cancer progression. Moreover, in MDA-MB-231 cells, modulation of V1G1 affected cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase activation in vitro, processes important for tumor formation and dissemination. In these cells, characterized by high expression of EGFR, we demonstrated that V1G1 modulates EGFR stability and the EGFR downstream signaling pathways that control several factors required for cell motility, among which RAC1 and cofilin. In addition, we showed a key role of V1G1 in the biogenesis of endosomes and lysosomes. Altogether, our data describe a new molecular mechanism, controlled by V1G1, required for cell motility and that promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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24
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Das S, Maji S, Ruturaj, Bhattacharya I, Saha T, Naskar N, Gupta A. Retromer retrieves the Wilson disease protein ATP7B from endolysosomes in a copper-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246819. [PMID: 33268466 PMCID: PMC7611186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilson disease protein, ATP7B maintains copper (herein referring to the Cu+ ion) homeostasis in the liver. ATP7B traffics from trans-Golgi network to endolysosomes to export excess copper. Regulation of ATP7B trafficking to and from endolysosomes is not well understood. We investigated the fate of ATP7B after copper export. At high copper levels, ATP7B traffics primarily to acidic, active hydrolase (cathepsin-B)-positive endolysosomes and, upon subsequent copper chelation, returns to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At high copper, ATP7B colocalizes with endolysosomal markers and with a core member of retromer complex, VPS35. Knocking down VPS35 did not abrogate the copper export function of ATP7B or its copper-responsive anterograde trafficking to vesicles; rather upon subsequent copper chelation, ATP7B failed to relocalize to the TGN, which was rescued by overexpressing wild-type VPS35. Overexpressing mutants of the retromer complex-associated proteins Rab7A and COMMD1 yielded a similar non-recycling phenotype of ATP7B. At high copper, VPS35 and ATP7B are juxtaposed on the same endolysosome and form a large complex that is stabilized by in vivo photoamino acid labeling and UV-crosslinking. We demonstrate that retromer regulates endolysosome to TGN trafficking of copper transporter ATP7B in a manner that is dependent upon intracellular copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ruturaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Indira Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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25
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Giudetti AM, Guerra F, Longo S, Beli R, Romano R, Manganelli F, Nolano M, Mangini V, Santoro L, Bucci C. An altered lipid metabolism characterizes Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B peripheral neuropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158805. [PMID: 32829064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) is a rare inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by five missense mutations in the RAB7A gene, which encodes a small GTPase of the RAB family. Currently, no cure is available for this disease. In this study, we approached the disease by comparing the lipid metabolism of CMT2B-derived fibroblasts to that of healthy controls. We found that CMT2B cells showed increased monounsaturated fatty acid level and increased expression of key enzymes of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, in CMT2B cells a higher expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), key enzymes of de novo fatty acid synthesis, with a concomitantly increased [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids, was observed. The expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, a rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis, as well as triacylglycerol levels were increased in CMT2B compared to control cells. In addition, as RAB7A controls lipid droplet breakdown and lipid droplet dynamics have been linked to diseases, we analyzed these organelles and showed that in CMT2B cells there is a strong accumulation of lipid droplets compared to control cells, thus reinforcing our data on abnormal lipid metabolism in CMT2B. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ACC and FAS expression levels changed upon RAB7 silencing or overexpression in HeLa cells, thus suggesting that metabolic modifications observed in CMT2B-derived fibroblasts can be, at least in part, related to RAB7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Raffaella Beli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Neurology of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mangini
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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26
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Romano R, Bucci C. Role of EGFR in the Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 32806510 PMCID: PMC7464966 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first discovered member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily and plays a fundamental role during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, being involved in growth, differentiation, maintenance and repair of various tissues and organs. The role of EGFR in the regulation of tissue development and homeostasis has been thoroughly investigated and it has also been demonstrated that EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. In the nervous system, other growth factors, and thus other receptors, are important for growth, differentiation and repair of the tissue, namely neurotrophins and neurotrophins receptors. For this reason, for a long time, the role of EGFR in the nervous system has been underestimated and poorly investigated. However, EGFR is expressed both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and it has been demonstrated to have specific important neurotrophic functions, in particular in the central nervous system. This review discusses the role of EGFR in regulating differentiation and functions of neurons and neuroglia. Furthermore, its involvement in regeneration after injury and in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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27
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Petkovic M, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Jan LY, Jan YN. TMEM16K is an interorganelle regulator of endosomal sorting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3298. [PMID: 32620747 PMCID: PMC7335067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between organelles is essential for their cellular homeostasis. Neurodegeneration reflects the declining ability of neurons to maintain cellular homeostasis over a lifetime, where the endolysosomal pathway plays a prominent role by regulating protein and lipid sorting and degradation. Here we report that TMEM16K, an endoplasmic reticulum lipid scramblase causative for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR10), is an interorganelle regulator of the endolysosomal pathway. We identify endosomal transport as a major functional cluster of TMEM16K in proximity biotinylation proteomics analyses. TMEM16K forms contact sites with endosomes, reconstituting split-GFP with the small GTPase RAB7. Our study further implicates TMEM16K lipid scrambling activity in endosomal sorting at these sites. Loss of TMEM16K function led to impaired endosomal retrograde transport and neuromuscular function, one of the symptoms of SCAR10. Thus, TMEM16K-containing ER-endosome contact sites represent clinically relevant platforms for regulating endosomal sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Petkovic
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Xie J, Heim EN, Crite M, DiMaio D. TBC1D5-Catalyzed Cycling of Rab7 Is Required for Retromer-Mediated Human Papillomavirus Trafficking during Virus Entry. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107750. [PMID: 32521275 PMCID: PMC7339955 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During virus entry, human papillomaviruses are sorted by the cellular trafficking complex, called retromer, into the retrograde transport pathway to traffic from the endosome to downstream cellular compartments, but regulation of retromer activity during HPV entry is poorly understood. Here we selected artificial proteins that modulate cellular proteins required for HPV infection and discovered that entry requires TBC1D5, a retromer-associated, Rab7-specific GTPase-activating protein. Binding of retromer to the HPV L2 capsid protein recruits TBC1D5 to retromer at the endosome membrane, which then stimulates hydrolysis of Rab7-GTP to drive retromer disassembly from HPV and delivery of HPV to the retrograde pathway. Although the cellular retromer cargos CIMPR and DMT1-II require only GTP-bound Rab7 for trafficking, HPV trafficking requires cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound Rab7. Thus, ongoing cargo-induced membrane recruitment, assembly, and disassembly of retromer complexes drive HPV trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Erin N Heim
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Mac Crite
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208040, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA; Yale Cancer Center, PO Box 208028, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, USA.
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29
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Siddiqui AA, Saha D, Iqbal MS, Saha SJ, Sarkar S, Banerjee C, Nag S, Mazumder S, De R, Pramanik S, Debsharma S, Bandyopadhyay U. Rab7 of Plasmodium falciparum is involved in its retromer complex assembly near the digestive vacuole. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129656. [PMID: 32512169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular protein trafficking is crucial for survival of cell and proper functioning of the organelles; however, these pathways are not well studied in the malaria parasite. Its unique cellular architecture and organellar composition raise an interesting question to investigate. METHODS The interaction of Plasmodium falciparum Rab7 (PfRab7) with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26 (PfVPS26) of retromer complex was shown by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP). Confocal microscopy was used to show the localization of the complex in the parasite with respect to different organelles. Further chemical tools were employed to explore the role of digestive vacuole (DV) in retromer trafficking in parasite and GTPase activity of PfRab7 was examined. RESULTS PfRab7 was found to be interacting with retromer complex that assembled mostly near DV and the Golgi in trophozoites. Chemical disruption of DV by chloroquine (CQ) led to its disassembly that was further validated by using compound 5f, a heme polymerization inhibitor in the DV. PfRab7 exhibited Mg2+ dependent weak GTPase activity that was inhibited by a specific Rab7 GTPase inhibitor, CID 1067700, which prevented the assembly of retromer complex in P. falciparum and inhibited its growth suggesting the role of GTPase activity of PfRab7 in retromer assembly. CONCLUSION Retromer complex was found to be interacting with PfRab7 and the functional integrity of the DV was found to be important for retromer assembly in P. falciparum. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study explores the retromer trafficking in P. falciparum and describes amechanism to validate DV targeting antiplasmodial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd Shameel Iqbal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhra Jyoti Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shiladitya Nag
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2B: A New Phenotype Associated with a Novel RAB7A Mutation and Inhibited EGFR Degradation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041028. [PMID: 32326241 PMCID: PMC7226405 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) is associated with mutations in the RAB7A gene, involved in the late endocytic pathway. CMT2B is characterized by predominant sensory loss, ulceromutilating features, with lesser-to-absent motor deficits. We characterized clinically and genetically a family harboring a novel pathogenic RAB7A variant and performed structural and functional analysis of the mutant protein. A 39-year-old woman presented with early-onset walking difficulties, progressive distal muscle wasting and weakness in lower limbs and only mild sensory signs. Electrophysiology demonstrated an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Nerve biopsy showed a chronic axonal neuropathy with moderate loss of all caliber myelinated fibers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology revealed in the proband and in her similarly affected father the novel c.377A>G (p.K126R) heterozygous variant predicted to be deleterious. The mutation affects the biochemical properties of RAB7 GTPase, causes altered interaction with peripherin, and inhibition of neurite outgrowth, as for previously reported CMT2B mutants. However, it also shows differences, particularly in the epidermal growth factor receptor degradation process. Altogether, our findings indicate that this RAB7A variant is pathogenic and widens the phenotypic spectrum of CMT2B to include predominantly motor CMT2. Alteration of the receptor degradation process might explain the different clinical presentations in this family.
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31
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Romano R, Rivellini C, De Luca M, Tonlorenzi R, Beli R, Manganelli F, Nolano M, Santoro L, Eskelinen EL, Previtali SC, Bucci C. Alteration of the late endocytic pathway in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:351-372. [PMID: 32280996 PMCID: PMC7867545 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase RAB7A regulates late stages of the endocytic pathway and plays specific roles in neurons, controlling neurotrophins trafficking and signaling, neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration. Mutations in the RAB7A gene cause the autosomal dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) disease, an axonal peripheral neuropathy. As several neurodegenerative diseases are caused by alterations of endocytosis, we investigated whether CMT2B-causing mutations correlate with changes in this process. To this purpose, we studied the endocytic pathway in skin fibroblasts from healthy and CMT2B individuals. We found higher expression of late endocytic proteins in CMT2B cells compared to control cells, as well as higher activity of cathepsins and higher receptor degradation activity. Consistently, we observed an increased number of lysosomes, accompanied by higher lysosomal degradative activity in CMT2B cells. Furthermore, we found increased migration and increased RAC1 and MMP-2 activation in CMT2B compared to control cells. To validate these data, we obtained sensory neurons from patient and control iPS cells, to confirm increased lysosomal protein expression and lysosomal activity in CMT2B-derived neurons. Altogether, these results demonstrate that in CMT2B patient-derived cells, the endocytic degradative pathway is altered, suggesting that higher lysosomal activity contributes to neurodegeneration occurring in CMT2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cristina Rivellini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Beli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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32
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Sun M, Luong G, Plastikwala F, Sun Y. Control of Rab7a activity and localization through endosomal type Igamma PIP 5-kinase is required for endosome maturation and lysosome function. FASEB J 2019; 34:2730-2748. [PMID: 31908013 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901830r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ras-related protein Rab-7a (Rab7a) serves as a key organizer of the endosomal-lysosomal system. However, molecular mechanisms controlling Rab7a activation levels and subcellular translocation are still poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that type Igamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase i5 (PIPKIγi5), an endosome-localized enzyme that produces phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, directly interacts with Rab7a and plays critical roles in the control of the endosomal-lysosomal system. The loss of PIPKIγi5 blocks Rab7a recruitment to early endosomes, which prevents the maturation of early to late endosomes. PIPKIγi5 loss disturbs retromer complex connection with Rab7a, which blocks the retrograde sorting of Cation-independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor from late endosomes. This leads to the decreased sorting of hydrolases to lysosomes and reduces the autophagic degradation. By modulating the retromer-Rab7a connection, PIPKIγi5 is also required for the recruitment of the GTPase-activating protein TBC1 domain family member 5 to late endosomes, which controls the conversion of Rab7a from the active state to the inactive state. Thus, PIPKIγi5 is critical for the modulation of Rab7a activity, localization, and function in the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Faiz Plastikwala
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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33
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Abstract
Defects in membrane trafficking are hallmarks of neurodegeneration. Rab GTPases are key regulators of membrane trafficking. Alterations of Rab GTPases, or the membrane compartments they regulate, are associated with virtually all neuronal activities in health and disease. The observation that many Rab GTPases are associated with neurodegeneration has proven a challenge in the quest for cause and effect. Neurodegeneration can be a direct consequence of a defect in membrane trafficking. Alternatively, changes in membrane trafficking may be secondary consequences or cellular responses. The secondary consequences and cellular responses, in turn, may protect, represent inconsequential correlates or function as drivers of pathology. Here, we attempt to disentangle the different roles of membrane trafficking in neurodegeneration by focusing on selected associations with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and selected neuropathies. We provide an overview of current knowledge on Rab GTPase functions in neurons and review the associations of Rab GTPases with neurodegeneration with respect to the following classifications: primary cause, secondary cause driving pathology or secondary correlate. This analysis is devised to aid the interpretation of frequently observed membrane trafficking defects in neurodegeneration and facilitate the identification of true causes of pathology.
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34
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Rab GTPases: Switching to Human Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080909. [PMID: 31426400 PMCID: PMC6721686 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab proteins compose the largest family of small GTPases and control the different steps of intracellular membrane traffic. More recently, they have been shown to also regulate cell signaling, division, survival, and migration. The regulation of these processes generally occurs through recruitment of effectors and regulatory proteins, which control the association of Rab proteins to membranes and their activation state. Alterations in Rab proteins and their effectors are associated with multiple human diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and infections. This review provides an overview of how the dysregulation of Rab-mediated functions and membrane trafficking contributes to these disorders. Understanding the altered dynamics of Rabs and intracellular transport defects might thus shed new light on potential therapeutic strategies.
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35
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Guerra F, Bucci C. Role of the RAB7 Protein in Tumor Progression and Cisplatin Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081096. [PMID: 31374919 PMCID: PMC6721790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB7 is a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) extensively studied as regulator of vesicular trafficking. Indeed, its role is fundamental in several steps of the late endocytic pathway, including endosome maturation, transport from early endosomes to late endosomes and lysosomes, clustering and fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes in the perinuclear region and lysosomal biogenesis. Besides endocytosis, RAB7 is important for a number of other cellular processes among which, autophagy, apoptosis, signaling, and cell migration. Given the importance of RAB7 in these cellular processes, the interest to study the role of RAB7 in cancer progression is widely grown. Here, we describe the current understanding of oncogenic and oncosuppressor functions of RAB7 analyzing cellular context and other environmental factors in which it elicits pro and/or antitumorigenic effects. We also discuss the role of RAB7 in cisplatin resistance associated with its ability to regulate the late endosomal pathway, lysosomal biogenesis and extracellular vesicle secretion. Finally, we examined the potential cancer therapeutic strategies targeting the different molecular events in which RAB7 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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36
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Wong YC, Peng W, Krainc D. Lysosomal Regulation of Inter-mitochondrial Contact Fate and Motility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2. Dev Cell 2019; 50:339-354.e4. [PMID: 31231042 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Properly regulated mitochondrial networks are essential for cellular function and implicated in multiple diseases. Mitochondria undergo fission and fusion events, but the dynamics and regulation of a third event of inter-mitochondrial contact formation remain unclear. Using super-resolution imaging, we demonstrate that inter-mitochondrial contacts frequently form and play a fundamental role in mitochondrial networks by restricting mitochondrial motility. Inter-mitochondrial contact untethering events are marked and regulated by mitochondria-lysosome contacts, which are modulated by RAB7 GTP hydrolysis. Moreover, inter-mitochondrial contact formation and untethering are further regulated by Mfn1/2 and Drp1 GTP hydrolysis, respectively. Surprisingly, endoplasmic reticulum tubules are also present at inter-mitochondrial contact untethering events, in addition to mitochondrial fission and fusion events. Importantly, we find that multiple Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease-linked mutations in Mfn2 (CMT2A), RAB7 (CMT2B), and TRPV4 (CMT2C) converge on prolonged inter-mitochondrial contacts and defective mitochondrial motility, highlighting a role for inter-mitochondrial contacts in mitochondrial network regulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wesley Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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37
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Parakh S, Perri ER, Jagaraj CJ, Ragagnin AMG, Atkin JD. Rab-dependent cellular trafficking and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 53:623-651. [PMID: 30741580 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1553926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are becoming increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, although their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been somewhat overlooked. However, dysfunction of intracellular transport is gaining increasing attention as a pathogenic mechanism in ALS. Many previous studies have focused axonal trafficking, and the extreme length of axons in motor neurons may contribute to their unique susceptibility in this disorder. In contrast, the role of transport defects within the cell body has been relatively neglected. Similarly, whilst Rab GTPases control all intracellular membrane trafficking events, their role in ALS is poorly understood. Emerging evidence now highlights this family of proteins in ALS, particularly the discovery that C9orf72 functions in intra transport in conjunction with several Rab GTPases. Here, we summarize recent updates on cellular transport defects in ALS, with a focus on Rab GTPases and how their dysfunction may specifically target neurons and contribute to pathophysiology. We discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with dysfunction of Rab proteins in ALS. Finally, we also discuss dysfunction in other modes of transport recently implicated in ALS, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and the ER-mitochondrial contact regions (MAM compartment), and speculate whether these may also involve Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parakh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - E R Perri
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C J Jagaraj
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - A M G Ragagnin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - J D Atkin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
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38
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Wong YC, Kim S, Peng W, Krainc D. Regulation and Function of Mitochondria-Lysosome Membrane Contact Sites in Cellular Homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:500-513. [PMID: 30898429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and lysosomal function are intricately related and critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis, as highlighted by multiple diseases linked to dysfunction of both organelles. Recent work using high-resolution microscopy demonstrates the dynamic formation of inter-organelle membrane contact sites between mitochondria and lysosomes, allowing for their direct interaction in a pathway distinct from mitophagy or lysosomal degradation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles. Mitochondria-lysosome contact site tethering is mechanistically regulated by mitochondrial proteins promoting Rab7 GTP hydrolysis, and allows for the bidirectional crosstalk between mitochondria and lysosomes and the regulation of their organelle network dynamics, including mitochondrial fission. In this review, we summarize recent advances in mitochondria-lysosome contact site regulation and function, and discuss their potential roles in cellular homeostasis and various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Wong
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wesley Peng
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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39
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Cioni JM, Lin JQ, Holtermann AV, Koppers M, Jakobs MAH, Azizi A, Turner-Bridger B, Shigeoka T, Franze K, Harris WA, Holt CE. Late Endosomes Act as mRNA Translation Platforms and Sustain Mitochondria in Axons. Cell 2019; 176:56-72.e15. [PMID: 30612743 PMCID: PMC6333918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Local translation regulates the axonal proteome, playing an important role in neuronal wiring and axon maintenance. How axonal mRNAs are localized to specific subcellular sites for translation, however, is not understood. Here we report that RNA granules associate with endosomes along the axons of retinal ganglion cells. RNA-bearing Rab7a late endosomes also associate with ribosomes, and real-time translation imaging reveals that they are sites of local protein synthesis. We show that RNA-bearing late endosomes often pause on mitochondria and that mRNAs encoding proteins for mitochondrial function are translated on Rab7a endosomes. Disruption of Rab7a function with Rab7a mutants, including those associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B neuropathy, markedly decreases axonal protein synthesis, impairs mitochondrial function, and compromises axonal viability. Our findings thus reveal that late endosomes interact with RNA granules, translation machinery, and mitochondria and suggest that they serve as sites for regulating the supply of nascent pro-survival proteins in axons. Ribonucleoprotein particles are associated with endosomes in axons Rab7a endosomes provide sites for axonal local translation Rab7a endosomes support axonal synthesis of survival factors CMT2B-Rab7a mutations affect axonal translation and mitochondrial integrity
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Cioni
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Anne V Holtermann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Max Koppers
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Maximilian A H Jakobs
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Afnan Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Benita Turner-Bridger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Toshiaki Shigeoka
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - William A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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40
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Kimura N, Yanagisawa K. Traffic jam hypothesis: Relationship between endocytic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Villarroel-Campos D, Schiavo G, Lazo OM. The many disguises of the signalling endosome. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3615-3632. [PMID: 30176054 PMCID: PMC6282995 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly complex and polarised cells that must overcome a series of logistic challenges to maintain homeostasis across their morphological domains. A very clear example is the propagation of neurotrophic signalling from distal axons, where target-released neurotrophins bind to their receptors and initiate signalling, towards the cell body, where nuclear and cytosolic responses are integrated. The mechanisms of propagation of neurotrophic signalling have been extensively studied and, eventually, the model of a 'signalling endosome', transporting activated receptors and associated complexes, has emerged. Nevertheless, the exact nature of this organelle remains elusive. In this Review, we examine the evidence for the retrograde transport of neurotrophins and their receptors in endosomes, outline some of their diverse physiological and pathological roles, and discuss the main interactors, morphological features and trafficking destinations of a highly flexible endosomal signalling organelle with multiple molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarroel-Campos
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London Campus, UK
| | - Oscar Marcelo Lazo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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42
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Kuharić J, Grabušić K, Tokmadžić VS, Štifter S, Tulić K, Shevchuk O, Lučin P, Šustić A. Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Early Changes in the Physical Properties and Protein Composition of Intracranial Extracellular Vesicles. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:190-200. [PMID: 29690821 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanostructures that can indicate undergoing processes in organs and thus help in diagnostics and prognostics. They are secreted by all cells, contained in body fluids, and able to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to distant cells. Intracranial EVs were shown to change their composition after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and therefore to have biomarker potential to evaluate brain events. Properties of intracranial EVs early after TBI, however, have not been characterized. Here, we assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) up to seven days after isolated severe TBI for physical properties of EVs and their proteins associated with neuroregeneration. These findings were compared with healthy controls and correlated to patient outcome. The study included 17 patients with TBI and 18 healthy controls. EVs in TBI-CSF were visualized by electron microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting for membrane associated Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-2. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we detected the highest range in EV concentration at day 1 after injury and significantly increased EV size at days 4-7. CSF concentrations of neuroregeneration associated proteins Flotillin-1, ADP-ribosylation Factor 6 (Arf6), and Ras-related protein Rab7a (Rab7a) were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Flotillin-1 was detected solely in TBI-CSF in about one third of tested patients. Unfavorable outcomes included decreasing Arf6 concentrations and a delayed Rab7a concentration increase in CSF. CSF concentrations of Arf6 and Rab7a were negatively correlated. Our data suggest that the brain response within several days after severe TBI includes shedding of EVs associated with neuroplasticity. Extended studies with a larger number of participants and CSF collected at shorter intervals are necessary to further evaluate neuroregeneration biomarker potential of Rab7a, Arf6, and Flotillin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Kuharić
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,2 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kristina Grabušić
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotošek Tokmadžić
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,2 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,4 Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sanja Štifter
- 5 Department of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,6 Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Tulić
- 7 Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- 8 Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS Campus, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pero Lučin
- 7 Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alan Šustić
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,2 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,4 Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Saridaki T, Nippold M, Dinter E, Roos A, Diederichs L, Fensky L, Schulz JB, Falkenburger BH. FYCO1 mediates clearance of α-synuclein aggregates through a Rab7-dependent mechanism. J Neurochem 2018; 146:474-492. [PMID: 29747217 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease can be caused by mutations in the α-synuclein gene and is characterized by aggregates of α-synuclein protein. We have previously shown that over-expression of the small GTPase Rab7 can induce clearance of α-synuclein aggregates. In this study, we investigate which Rab7 effectors mediate this effect. To model Parkinson's disease, we expressed the pathogenic A53T mutant of α-synuclein in HEK293T cells and Drosophila melanogaster. We tested the Rab7 effectors FYVE and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 (FYCO1) and Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP). FYCO1-EGFP-decorated vesicles containing α-synuclein. RILP-EGFP also decorated vesicular structures, but they did not contain α-synuclein. FYCO1 over-expression reduced the number of cells with α-synuclein aggregates, defined as visible particles of EGFP-tagged α-synuclein, whereas RILP did not. FYCO1 but not RILP reduced the amount of α-synuclein protein as assayed by western blot, increased the disappearance of α-synuclein aggregates in time-lapse microscopy and decreased α-synuclein-induced toxicity assayed by the Trypan blue assay. siRNA-mediated knockdown of FYCO1 but not RILP reduced Rab7-induced aggregate clearance. Collectively, these findings indicate that FYCO1 and not RILP mediates Rab7-induced aggregate clearance. The effect of FYCO1 on aggregate clearance was blocked by dominant negative Rab7 indicating that FYCO1 requires active Rab7 to function. Electron microscopic analysis and insertion of lysosomal membranes into the plasma membrane indicate that FYCO1 could lead to secretion of α-synuclein aggregates. Extracellular α-synuclein as assayed by ELISA was, however, not increased with FYCO1. Coexpression of FYCO1 in the fly model decreased α-synuclein aggregates as shown by the filter trap assay and rescued the locomotor deficit resulting from neuronal A53T-α-synuclein expression. This latter finding confirms that a pathway involving Rab7 and FYCO1 stimulates degradation of α-synuclein and could be beneficial in patients with Parkinson's disease. Open Data: Materials are available on https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/ https://osf.io/93n6m/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Nippold
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dinter
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen and Leibniz- Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Luisa Fensky
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Ma X, Liu K, Li J, Li H, Li J, Liu Y, Yang C, Liang H. A non-canonical GTPase interaction enables ORP1L-Rab7-RILP complex formation and late endosome positioning. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14155-14164. [PMID: 30012887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal transport represents the primary mode for intracellular trafficking and signaling transduction and thus has to be tightly controlled. The molecular processes controlling the endosomal positioning utilize several large protein complexes, one of which contains the small GTPase Rab7, Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), and oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1 (ORP1L). Rab7 is known to interact with RILP through a canonical binding site termed the effector-interacting switch region, but it is not clear how Rab7 interacts with ORP1L, limiting our understanding of the overall process. Here, we report structural and biochemical investigation of the Rab7-ORP1L interaction. We found that, contrary to prior studies, the interaction between Rab7 and the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (ARDN) of ORP1L is independent of Rab7's GTP- or GDP-binding state. Moreover, we show that Rab7 interacts with ORP1L ARDN via a unique region consisting of helix3 (α3) and 310-helix 2 (η2). This architecture leaves the canonical effector-interacting switch regions available for RILP binding and thus allows formation of the ORP1L-Rab7-RILP tripartite complex. Mutational disruption of the interacting interface between ORP1L and Rab7 compromised the ability of ORP1L-Rab7-RILP to regulate the late endosome positioning. Collectively, our results again manifested the versatility in the interaction between GTPase and its effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Ma
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics and.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and.,Life Science Center and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China, and
| | - Jian Li
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics and
| | - Huanhuan Li
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics and.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics and
| | - Yingfang Liu
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics and.,Schools of Medicine and
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, .,State Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and.,Life Science Center and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China, and
| | - Huanhuan Liang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics and .,Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Colecchia D, Stasi M, Leonardi M, Manganelli F, Nolano M, Veneziani BM, Santoro L, Eskelinen EL, Chiariello M, Bucci C. Alterations of autophagy in the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B. Autophagy 2018; 14:930-941. [PMID: 29130394 PMCID: PMC6103410 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1388475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) disease is a dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy caused by 5 mutations in the RAB7A gene, a ubiquitously expressed GTPase controlling late endocytic trafficking. In neurons, RAB7A also controls neuronal-specific processes such as NTF (neurotrophin) trafficking and signaling, neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration. Given the involvement of macroautophagy/autophagy in several neurodegenerative diseases and considering that RAB7A is fundamental for autophagosome maturation, we investigated whether CMT2B-causing mutants affect the ability of this gene to regulate autophagy. In HeLa cells, we observed a reduced localization of all CMT2B-causing RAB7A mutants on autophagic compartments. Furthermore, compared to expression of RAB7AWT, expression of these mutants caused a reduced autophagic flux, similar to what happens in cells expressing the dominant negative RAB7AT22N mutant. Consistently, both basal and starvation-induced autophagy were strongly inhibited in skin fibroblasts from a CMT2B patient carrying the RAB7AV162M mutation, suggesting that alteration of the autophagic flux could be responsible for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Colecchia
- a Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory , Signal Transduction Unit , AOU Senese , Siena , Italy
| | - Mariangela Stasi
- b Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Margherita Leonardi
- a Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory , Signal Transduction Unit , AOU Senese , Siena , Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- c Department of Neurosciences , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- d Salvatore Maugeri Foundation , Institute of Telese Terme , Benevento , Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- e Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- c Department of Neurosciences , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- f Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mario Chiariello
- a Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory , Signal Transduction Unit , AOU Senese , Siena , Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- b Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
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46
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Bingol B. Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:167-208. [PMID: 29729319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important role in homeostasis, autophagy and lysosomal machinery are genetically linked to multiple human disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiomyopathies, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple targets within the autophagy and lysosomal pathways offer therapeutic opportunities to benefit patients with these disorders. Here, I will summarize the mechanisms of autophagy pathways, the evidence supporting a pathogenic role for disturbed autophagy and lysosomal degradation in nervous system disorders, and the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Neuroscience, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, United States.
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47
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Banworth MJ, Li G. Consequences of Rab GTPase dysfunction in genetic or acquired human diseases. Small GTPases 2018. [PMID: 29239692 DOI: 10.1080/215412481397833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Both activating and inactivating mutations in Rab genes have been identified and implicated in human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancer. In addition, altered Rab expression is often associated with disease prognosis. As such, the study of diseases associated with Rabs or Rab-interacting proteins has shed light on the important role of intracellular membrane trafficking in disease etiology. In this review, we cover recent advances in the field with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus J Banworth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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48
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Jin EJ, Kiral FR, Hiesinger PR. The where, what, and when of membrane protein degradation in neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:283-297. [PMID: 28884504 PMCID: PMC5816708 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protein turnover and degradation are required for the function and health of all cells. Neurons may live for the entire lifetime of an organism and are highly polarized cells with spatially segregated axonal and dendritic compartments. Both longevity and morphological complexity represent challenges for regulated membrane protein degradation. To investigate how neurons cope with these challenges, an increasing number of recent studies investigated local, cargo-specific protein sorting, and degradation at axon terminals and in dendritic processes. In this review, we explore the current answers to the ensuing questions of where, what, and when membrane proteins are degraded in neurons. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 283-297, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Jennifer Jin
- Division of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA
| | - Ferdi Ridvan Kiral
- Division of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany
| | - Peter Robin Hiesinger
- Division of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany
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49
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Abstract
The small GTPase Rab7 is the main regulator of membrane trafficking at late endosomes. This small GTPase regulates endosome-to-trans Golgi Network trafficking of sorting receptors, membrane fusion of late endosomes to lysosomes, and autophagosomes to lysosomes during autophagy. Rab7, like all Rab GTPases, binds downstream effectors coordinating several divergent pathways. How cells regulate these interactions and downstream functions is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that Rab7 function can be modulated by the combination of several post-translational modifications that facilitate interactions with one effector while preventing binding to another one. In this review, we discuss recent data on how phosphorylation, palmitoylation and ubiquitination modulate the ability of this small GTPase to orchestrate membrane trafficking at the late endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Modica
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C7
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50
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Banworth MJ, Li G. Consequences of Rab GTPase dysfunction in genetic or acquired human diseases. Small GTPases 2017; 9:158-181. [PMID: 29239692 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1397833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Both activating and inactivating mutations in Rab genes have been identified and implicated in human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancer. In addition, altered Rab expression is often associated with disease prognosis. As such, the study of diseases associated with Rabs or Rab-interacting proteins has shed light on the important role of intracellular membrane trafficking in disease etiology. In this review, we cover recent advances in the field with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus J Banworth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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