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Bartha-Doering L, Roberts D, Baumgartner B, Yildirim MS, Giordano V, Spagna A, Pal-Handl K, Javorszky SM, Kasprian G, Seidl R. Developmental surface dyslexia and dysgraphia in a child with corpus callosum agenesis: an approach to diagnosis and treatment. Cogn Neuropsychol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38942485 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2368876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
We present a case study detailing cognitive performance, functional neuroimaging, and effects of a hypothesis-driven treatment in a 10-year-old girl diagnosed with complete, isolated corpus callosum agenesis. Despite having average overall intellectual abilities, the girl exhibited profound surface dyslexia and dysgraphia. Spelling treatment significantly and persistently improved her spelling of trained irregular words, and this improvement generalized to reading accuracy and speed of trained words. Diffusion weighted imaging revealed strengthened intrahemispheric white matter connectivity of the left temporal cortex after treatment and identified interhemispheric connectivity between the occipital lobes, likely facilitated by a pathway crossing the midline via the posterior commissure. This case underlines the corpus callosum's critical role in lexical reading and writing. It demonstrates that spelling treatment may enhance interhemispheric connectivity in corpus callosum agenesis through alternative pathways, boosting the development of a more efficient functional organization of the visual word form area within the left temporo-occipital cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha-Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bettina Baumgartner
- Department of Logopedics, Phoniatrics, and Audiology, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehmet Salih Yildirim
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vito Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharina Pal-Handl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Maria Javorszky
- Department of Logopedics, Phoniatrics, and Audiology, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Farrher E, Grinberg F, Khechiashvili T, Neuner I, Konrad K, Shah NJ. Spatiotemporal Patterns of White Matter Maturation after Pre-Adolescence: A Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:495. [PMID: 38790472 PMCID: PMC11119177 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables the assessment of changes in brain tissue microstructure during maturation and ageing. In general, patterns of cerebral maturation and decline render non-monotonic lifespan trajectories of DTI metrics with age, and, importantly, the rate of microstructural changes is heterochronous for various white matter fibres. Recent studies have demonstrated that diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics are more sensitive to microstructural changes during ageing compared to those of DTI. In a previous work, we demonstrated that the Cohen's d of mean diffusional kurtosis (dMK) represents a useful biomarker for quantifying maturation heterochronicity. However, some inferences on the maturation grades of different fibre types, such as association, projection, and commissural, were of a preliminary nature due to the insufficient number of fibres considered. Hence, the purpose of this follow-up work was to further explore the heterochronicity of microstructural maturation between pre-adolescence and middle adulthood based on DTI and DKI metrics. Using the effect size of the between-group parametric changes and Cohen's d, we observed that all commissural fibres achieved the highest level of maturity, followed by the majority of projection fibres, while the majority of association fibres were the least matured. We also demonstrated that dMK strongly correlates with the maxima or minima of the lifespan curves of DTI metrics. Furthermore, our results provide substantial evidence for the existence of spatial gradients in the timing of white matter maturation. In conclusion, our data suggest that DKI provides useful biomarkers for the investigation of maturation spatial heterogeneity and heterochronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (F.G.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (N.J.S.)
| | - Farida Grinberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (F.G.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (N.J.S.)
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamara Khechiashvili
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (F.G.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (N.J.S.)
| | - Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (F.G.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (N.J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA—BRAIN—Translational Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- JARA—BRAIN—Translational Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (F.G.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (N.J.S.)
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA—BRAIN—Translational Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Ille S, Zhang H, Stassen N, Schwendner M, Schröder A, Wiestler B, Meyer B, Krieg SM. Noninvasive- and invasive mapping reveals similar language network centralities - A function-based connectome analysis. Cortex 2024; 174:189-200. [PMID: 38569257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Former comparisons between direct cortical stimulation (DCS) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) only focused on cortical mapping. While both can be combined with diffusion tensor imaging, their differences in the visualization of subcortical and even network levels remain unclear. Network centrality is an essential parameter in network analysis to measure the importance of nodes identified by mapping. Those include Degree centrality, Eigenvector centrality, Closeness centrality, Betweenness centrality, and PageRank centrality. While DCS and nTMS have repeatedly been compared on the cortical level, the underlying network identified by both has not been investigated yet. METHOD 27 patients with brain lesions necessitating preoperative nTMS and intraoperative DCS language mapping during awake craniotomy were enrolled. Function-based connectome analysis was performed based on the cortical nodes obtained through the two mapping methods, and language-related network centralities were compared. RESULTS Compared with DCS language mapping, the positive predictive value of cortical nTMS language mapping is 74.1%, with good consistency of tractography for the arcuate fascicle and superior longitudinal fascicle. Moreover, network centralities did not differ between the two mapping methods. However, ventral stream tracts can be better traced based on nTMS mappings, demonstrating its strengths in acquiring language-related networks. In addition, it showed lower centralities than other brain areas, with decentralization as an indicator of language function loss. CONCLUSION This study deepens the understanding of language-related functional anatomy and proves that non-invasive mapping-based network analysis is comparable to the language network identified via invasive cortical mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ille
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Haosu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nina Stassen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Schwendner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Axel Schröder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM (Zentralinstitut für translationale Krebsforschung der Technischen Universität München), Munich, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Fu RH, Wu PY, Chou IC, Lin CH, Hong SY. Demographic and clinical characteristics, seizure disorders, and antiepileptic drug usage in different types of corpus callosum disorders: a comparative study in children. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:20. [PMID: 38273353 PMCID: PMC10809518 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics, types of seizure disorders, and antiepileptic drug usage among individuals with different types of corpus callosum disorders. METHODS A total of 73 individuals were included in the study and divided into three groups based on the type of corpus callosum abnormality: hypoplasia (H), agenesis (A), and dysgenesis (D). Demographic data, including gender and preterm birth, as well as clinical characteristics such as seizure disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), severe developmental delay/intellectual disability, and other brain malformations, were analyzed. The types of seizure disorders and antiepileptic drugs used were also examined. RESULTS The H group had the highest number of participants (n = 47), followed by the A group (n = 11) and the D group (n = 15). The A group had the highest percentage of males and preterm births, while the D group had the highest percentage of seizure disorders, other brain malformations, and severe developmental delay/intellectual disability. The A group also had the highest percentage of ADHD. Focal seizures were observed in all three groups, with the highest proportion in the A group. Focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) were present in all groups, with the highest proportion in the D group. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were observed in all groups, with the highest proportion in the H group. Different types of antiepileptic drugs were used among the groups, with variations in usage rates for each drug. CONCLUSION This study provided insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics, seizure disorders, and antiepileptic drug usage among individuals with different types of corpus callosum disorders. Significant differences were found between the groups, indicating the need for tailored management approaches. However, the study has limitations, including a small sample size and a cross-sectional design. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to validate these findings and explore the relationship between corpus callosum abnormality severity and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Wu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Lin
- Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Villar-Rodríguez E, Cano-Melle C, Marin-Marin L, Parcet MA, Avila C. What happens to the inhibitory control functions of the right inferior frontal cortex when this area is dominant for language? eLife 2024; 12:RP86797. [PMID: 38236206 PMCID: PMC10945575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A low number of individuals show an atypical brain control of language functions that differs from the typical lateralization in the left cerebral hemisphere. In these cases, the neural distribution of other cognitive functions is not fully understood. Although there is a bias towards a mirrored brain organization consistent with the Causal hypothesis, some individuals are found to be exceptions to this rule. However, no study has focused on what happens to the homologous language areas in the right frontal inferior cortex. Using an fMRI-adapted stop-signal task in a healthy non right-handed sample (50 typically lateralized and 36 atypically lateralized for language production), our results show that atypical lateralization is associated with a mirrored brain organization of the inhibitory control network in the left hemisphere: inferior frontal cortex, presupplementary motor area, and subthalamic nucleus. However, the individual analyses revealed a large number of cases with a noteworthy overlap in the inferior frontal gyrus, which shared both inhibitory and language functions. Further analyses showed that atypical lateralization was associated with stronger functional interhemispheric connectivity and larger corpus callosum. Importantly, we did not find task performance differences as a function of lateralization, but there was an association between atypical dominance in the inferior frontal cortex and higher scores on schizotypy and autistic spectrum traits, as well as worse performance on a reading accuracy test. Together, these results partially support the Causal hypothesis of hemispheric specialization and provide further evidence of the link between atypical hemispheric lateralization and increased interhemispheric transfer through the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Cano-Melle
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Lidón Marin-Marin
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Maria Antònia Parcet
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - César Avila
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
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Wei X, Gunter TC, Adamson H, Schwendemann M, Friederici AD, Goucha T, Anwander A. White matter plasticity during second language learning within and across hemispheres. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306286121. [PMID: 38175869 PMCID: PMC10786292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306286121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult second language (L2) learning is a challenging enterprise inducing neuroplastic changes in the human brain. However, it remains unclear how the structural language connectome and its subnetworks change during adult L2 learning. The current study investigated longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) language networks in each hemisphere, as well as their interconnection, in a large group of Arabic-speaking adults who learned German intensively for 6 mo. We found a significant increase in WM-connectivity within bilateral temporal-parietal semantic and phonological subnetworks and right temporal-frontal pathways mainly in the second half of the learning period. At the same time, WM-connectivity between the two hemispheres decreased significantly. Crucially, these changes in WM-connectivity are correlated with L2 performance. The observed changes in subnetworks of the two hemispheres suggest a network reconfiguration due to lexical learning. The reduced interhemispheric connectivity may indicate a key role of the corpus callosum in L2 learning by reducing the inhibition of the language-dominant left hemisphere. Our study highlights the dynamic changes within and across hemispheres in adult language-related networks driven by L2 learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehu Wei
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Gunter
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Helyne Adamson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwendemann
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Angela D. Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Tomás Goucha
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Alfred Anwander
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
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Shams B, Reisch K, Vajkoczy P, Lippert C, Picht T, Fekonja LS. Improved prediction of glioma-related aphasia by diffusion MRI metrics, machine learning, and automated fiber bundle segmentation. Hum Brain Mapp 2023. [PMID: 37318944 PMCID: PMC10365236 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter impairments caused by gliomas can lead to functional disorders. In this study, we predicted aphasia in patients with gliomas infiltrating the language network using machine learning methods. We included 78 patients with left-hemispheric perisylvian gliomas. Aphasia was graded preoperatively using the Aachen aphasia test (AAT). Subsequently, we created bundle segmentations based on automatically generated tract orientation mappings using TractSeg. To prepare the input for the support vector machine (SVM), we first preselected aphasia-related fiber bundles based on the associations between relative tract volumes and AAT subtests. In addition, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)-based metrics [axial diffusivity (AD), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and radial diffusivity (RD)] were extracted within the fiber bundles' masks with their mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness values. Our model consisted of random forest-based feature selection followed by an SVM. The best model performance achieved 81% accuracy (specificity = 85%, sensitivity = 73%, and AUC = 85%) using dMRI-based features, demographics, tumor WHO grade, tumor location, and relative tract volumes. The most effective features resulted from the arcuate fasciculus (AF), middle longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). The most effective dMRI-based metrics were FA, ADC, and AD. We achieved a prediction of aphasia using dMRI-based features and demonstrated that AF, IFOF, and MLF were the most important fiber bundles for predicting aphasia in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Shams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klara Reisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Lippert
- Digital Health - Machine Learning, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Digital Engineering Faculty, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucius S Fekonja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Yan K, Bormuth I, Bormuth O, Tutukova S, Renner A, Bessa P, Schaub T, Rosário M, Tarabykin V. TrkB-dependent EphrinA reverse signaling regulates callosal axon fasciculate growth downstream of Neurod2/6. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1752-1767. [PMID: 35462405 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal development of corpus callosum is relatively common and causes a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments in humans. We use acallosal Neurod2/6-deficient mice to study callosal axon guidance within the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. Initial callosal tracts form but fail to traverse the ipsilateral cingulum and are not attracted towards the midline in the absence of Neurod2/6. We show that the restoration of Ephrin-A4 (EfnA4) expression in the embryonic neocortex of Neurod2/6-deficient embryos is sufficient to partially rescue targeted callosal axon growth towards the midline. EfnA4 cannot directly mediate reverse signaling within outgrowing axons, but it forms co-receptor complexes with TrkB (Ntrk2). The ability of EfnA4 to rescue the guided growth of a subset of callosal axons in Neurod2/6-deficient mice is abolished by the co-expression of dominant negative TrkBK571N (kinase-dead) or TrkBY515F (SHC-binding deficient) variants, but not by TrkBY816F (PLCγ1-binding deficient). Additionally, EphA4 is repulsive to EfnA4-positive medially projecting axons in organotypic brain slice culture. Collectively, we suggest that EfnA4-mediated reverse signaling acts via TrkB-SHC and is required for ipsilateral callosal axon growth accuracy towards the midline downstream of Neurod family factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yan
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Bormuth
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Bormuth
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia
| | - Svetlana Tutukova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.,Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ana Renner
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Bessa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theres Schaub
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Rosário
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.,Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
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9
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Serrien DJ, O'Regan L. Attention and Interhemispheric Communication: Implications for Language Dominance. Neuroscience 2023; 510:21-31. [PMID: 36521590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dominance of the left hemisphere for language processing is a prominent feature of brain organisation. Whereas structural models clarify the functional asymmetry due to direct access to local language circuits, dynamic models propose functional states of intrahemispheric activation and interhemispheric inhibition that are coupled with attentional processes. Real word settings often require modulations of lateralised neural processing and further express individual heterogeneity. In this research, we tested left- and right-handers, and used a behavioural paradigm with presentation of lateralised cue-target pairs to the same or opposite visual field. We observed that handedness distinctly affected word processing in the left hemisphere following contralateral cueing. Moreover, left-hemispheric dominance strengthened for right-handers vs abolished for left-handers, influencing behavioural efficiency. In combination with eye dominance recordings, these data suggest that attentional biases guided the processing strategies of both groups and in turn their achievements. Therefore, hand and eye dominance are both essential factors with a functional role in directing the communication of visual information between both hemispheres. Overall, the findings underline the importance of interacting hand-eye control systems in contributing to interhemispheric patterns in the context of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise O'Regan
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Taking Sides: Asymmetries in the Evolution of Human Brain Development in Better Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmation from structural, functional, and behavioral studies agree and suggest a configuration of atypical lateralization in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). It is suggested that patterns of cortical and behavioral atypicality are evident in individuals with ASDs with atypical lateralization being common in individuals with ASDs. The paper endeavors to better understand the relationship between alterations in typical cortical asymmetries and functional lateralization in ASD in evolutionary terms. We have proposed that both early genetic and/or environmental influences can alter the developmental process of cortical lateralization. There invariably is a “chicken or egg” issue that arises whether atypical cortical anatomy associated with abnormal function, or alternatively whether functional atypicality generates abnormal structure.
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11
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Karpychev V, Bolgina T, Malytina S, Zinchenko V, Ushakov V, Ignatyev G, Dragoy O. Greater volumes of a callosal sub-region terminating in posterior language-related areas predict a stronger degree of language lateralization: A tractography study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276721. [PMID: 36520829 PMCID: PMC9754228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Language lateralization is the most intriguing trait of functional asymmetry for cognitive functions. Nowadays, ontogenetic determinants of this trait are largely unknown, but there are efforts to find its anatomical correlates. In particular, a white matter interhemispheric connection-the corpus callosum-has been proposed as such. In the present study, we aimed to find the association between the degree of language lateralization and metrics of the callosal sub-regions. We applied a sentence completion fMRI task to measure the degree of language lateralization in a group of healthy participants balanced for handedness. We obtained the volumes and microstructural properties of callosal sub-regions with two tractography techniques, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD). The analysis of DTI-based metrics did not reveal any significant associations with language lateralization. In contrast, CSD-based analysis revealed that the volumes of a callosal sub-region terminating in the core posterior language-related areas predict a stronger degree of language lateralization. This finding supports the specific inhibitory model implemented through the callosal fibers projecting into the core posterior language-related areas in the degree of language lateralization, with no relevant contribution of other callosal sub-regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria Zinchenko
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Ushakov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Dragoy
- HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Chovsepian A, Empl L, Bareyre FM. Plasticity of callosal neurons in the contralesional cortex following traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1257-1258. [PMID: 36453402 PMCID: PMC9838154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chovsepian
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Building and Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Empl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Building and Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florence M. Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Building and Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,Correspondence to: Florence M. Bareyre, .
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13
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Chupina I, Sierpowska J, Zheng XY, Dewenter A, Piastra M, Piai V. Time course of right-hemisphere recruitment during word production following left-hemisphere damage: A single case of young stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5235-5259. [PMID: 36028218 PMCID: PMC9826534 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of post-stroke language function is largely based on older age groups, who show increasing age-related brain pathology and neural reorganisation. To illustrate language outcomes in the young-adult brain, we present the case of J., a 23-year-old woman with chronic aphasia from a left-hemisphere stroke affecting the temporal lobe. Diffusion MRI-based tractography indicated that J.'s language-relevant white-matter structures were severely damaged. Employing magnetoencephalography (MEG), we explored J.'s conceptual preparation and word planning abilities using context-driven and bare picture-naming tasks. These revealed naming deficits, manifesting as word-finding difficulties and semantic paraphasias about half of the time. Naming was however facilitated by semantically constraining lead-in sentences. Altogether, this pattern indicates disrupted lexical-semantic and phonological retrieval abilities. MEG revealed that J.'s conceptual and naming-related neural responses were supported by the right hemisphere, compared to the typical left-lateralised brain response of a matched control. Differential recruitment of right-hemisphere structures (330-440 ms post-picture onset) was found concurrently during successful naming (right mid-to-posterior temporal lobe) and word-finding attempts (right inferior frontal gyrus). Disconnection of the temporal lobes via corpus callosum was not critical for recruitment of the right hemisphere in visually guided naming, possibly due to neural activity right lateralising from the outset. Although J.'s right hemisphere responded in a timely manner during word planning, its lexical and phonological retrieval abilities remained modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chupina
- Donders Centre for CognitionRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joanna Sierpowska
- Donders Centre for CognitionRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands,Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational PsychologyInstitut de Neurociències, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xiaochen Y. Zheng
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Maria‐Carla Piastra
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands,Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Vitória Piai
- Donders Centre for CognitionRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Psychology, Donders Centre for Medical NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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14
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Leveraging manifold learning techniques to explore white matter anomalies: An application of the TractLearn pipeline in epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103209. [PMID: 36162235 PMCID: PMC9668609 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An accurate description of brain white matter anatomy in vivo remains a challenge. However, technical progress allows us to analyze structural variations in an increasingly sophisticated way. Current methods of processing diffusion MRI data now make it possible to correct some limiting biases. In addition, the development of statistical learning algorithms offers the opportunity to analyze the data from a new perspective. We applied newly developed tractography models to extract quantitative white matter parameters in a group of patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, we implemented a statistical learning workflow optimized for the MRI diffusion data - the TractLearn pipeline - to model inter-individual variability and predict structural changes in patients. Finally, we interpreted white matter abnormalities in the context of several other parameters reflecting clinical status, as well as neuronal and cognitive functioning for these patients. Overall, we show the relevance of such a diffusion data processing pipeline for the evaluation of clinical populations. The "global to fine scale" funnel statistical approach proposed in this study also contributes to the understanding of neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in refractory epilepsy, thus enriching previous findings.
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15
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Sharma A, Shrivastava S, Singh A, Gupte SS, Rathour A, Reshi MS, Shukla S. Evidences of the radiofrequency exposure on the antioxidant status, potentially contributing to the inflammatory response and demyelination in rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103903. [PMID: 35700956 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Present study exhibited the oxidative potential of microwave radiation (MWR) leading to the neurodegeneration in rats. Wistar rats were exposed at 2100 MHz frequency for 4 h/day, 5 days/week/3 months. Animals were exposed at an estimated specific absorption rate (0.453 W/kg) and power density (8.237 µW/m2). After exposure irradiated group was compared with control group. Results indicated that microwave exposure significantly increased the levels of serological triglycerides and cholesterol. Oxidative stress is observed through alteration of glutathione homeostasis followed by activated inflammatory response further confirmed by pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the exposed group. Histopathological assessments and electron microscopic observation confirmed a significant change in the myelination pattern and cellular organelles in the brain of exposed animals. Taking everything into account it can be concluded that chronic exposure of 2100-MHz frequency caused oxidative stress, which leads to neural damage and demyelination and may affect neural communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Weill Cornell Medicine Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, 413 E. 69th St., New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Sadhana Shrivastava
- UNESCO-Trace Element and Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Asha Singh
- UNESCO-Trace Element and Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Shamli S Gupte
- UNESCO-Trace Element and Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Arti Rathour
- UNESCO-Trace Element and Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Mohd Salim Reshi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Gulam Shah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- UNESCO-Trace Element and Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
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16
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Khasawneh RR, Abu-El-Rub E, Alzu’bi A, Abdelhady GT, Al-Soudi HS. Corpus callosum anatomical changes in Alzheimer patients and the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on corpus callosum morphometry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269082. [PMID: 35895623 PMCID: PMC9328497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is an important structure that includes the majority of fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres. Several neurodegenerative diseases may alter CC size and morphology leading to its atrophy and malfunction which may play a role in the pathological manifestations found in these diseases. The purpose of the current study is to determine any possible changes in CC size in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The Study also investigated the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on the size of CC and its association with improvement in the Alzheimer disease severity scores. Midsagittal size of CC were recorded prospectively from 439 routine T1-weighted MRI brain images in normal individuals. The internal skull surface was measured to calculate CC/ internal skull surface ratio. Two groups of patients were studied: 300 (150 male / 150 female) were healthy subjects and 130 (55 males / 75 females) had Alzheimer disease. Out of the 130 Alzheimer disease pateints, 70 patients were treated with Donepezil or Rivastigmine or both. The size of the CC was measured based on T1-weighted MRI images after the treatment to investigate any possible improvement in CC size. The mean surface area of CC in controls was 6.53±1.105 cm2. There was no significant difference between males and females (P < 0.627), and CC/ internal skull surface ratio was 4.41±0.77%. Patients with mild or severe Alzheimer disease showed a significant reduction in CC size compared to healthy controls. Treating mild Alzheimer patients with either Donepezil or Rivastigmine exerts a comparable therapeutic effect in improving the CC size. There was more improvement in the size of CC in patients with severe Alzheimer disease by using combined therapy of Donepezil and Rivastigmine than using single a medication. we measured the mean size of the various portions of the corpus callosum in normal individuals and Alzheimer patients before and after taking Donepezil and Rivastigmine. Alzheimer patients have pronounced reduction in CC which is corrected after taking Donepezil and Rivastigmine leading to remarkable improvement in Alzheimer disease severity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramada R. Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman Alzu’bi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gamal T. Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hana S. Al-Soudi
- Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
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17
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Stipdonk LW, Boon RM, Franken MCJP, van Rosmalen J, Goedegebure A, Reiss IK, Dudink J. Language lateralization in very preterm children: associating dichotic listening to interhemispheric connectivity and language performance. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1841-1848. [PMID: 34408271 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language difficulties of very preterm (VPT) children might be related to weaker cerebral hemispheric lateralization of language. Language lateralization refers to the development of an expert region for language processing in the left hemisphere during the first years of life. Children born VPT might not develop such a dominant left hemisphere for language processing. A dichotic listening task may be a functional task to show the dominance of the left hemisphere during language processing. During this task, different acoustic events are simultaneously presented to both ears. Due to crossing fibers in the brain, right ear stimuli are transferred directly to the left hemisphere, and left ear stimuli are transferred first to the right hemisphere and then, through the corpus callosum (CC), to the left hemisphere. Dichotic listening typically shows a right ear advantage, assuming to reflect left hemispherical language dominance. The CC, in particular the splenium, is associated with auditory processing and is considered important for language lateralization. The objective of this work was to explore whether dichotic listening performance in school-aged VPT children are associated with language performance and interhemispheric connectivity. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 58 VPT children and 30 full term controls at age 10 years. Language performance and dichotic digit test (DDT) were assessed. In 44 VPT children, additionally diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was performed using a 3 T MRI scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of the splenium of the CC were extracted. RESULTS Poorer right ear DDT scores were associated with poorer language performance in VPT children only (p = 0.015). Association between right ear DDT scores and MD of the splenium approached the level of significance (p = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that poor language performance in VPT children may be a consequence of weaker lateralized language organization, due to a poorly developed splenium of the CC. Dichotic listening may reflect the level of language lateralization in VPT children. IMPACT Poor language performance in VPT children may be a consequence of weaker lateralized language organization, due to a poorly developed splenium of the CC. Dichotic listening performance may reflect the level of language lateralization in VPT children and right ear scores of a dichotic listening task are associated with both the splenium of the corpus callosum and language performance. If our results could be validated in future research, it suggests that poor CC development may indicate VPT children at risk for long-term language problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lottie W Stipdonk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Erasmus Medical University Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Rianne M Boon
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics at UMCU-Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Science at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Christine J P Franken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Erasmus Medical University Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost van Rosmalen
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical University Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical University Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Goedegebure
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Erasmus Medical University Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics at Erasmus Medical University Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics at UMCU-Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
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18
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Yeh C, Chen MH, Chen PH, Lee CL. Lateralization as a symphony: Joint influence of interhemispheric inhibition and transmission on brain asymmetry and syntactic processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 228:105095. [PMID: 35248863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the roles of cross-hemispheric communications in promoting left-lateralized syntactic processing in the brain. Fifty-six young right-handers without familial sinistrality background underwent a divided visual field ERP grammaticality judgment experiment to assess syntactic processing in each hemisphere. Two behavioral tasks -the bilateral flanker task and bilateral word matching task, were used to assess cross-hemispheric inhibition and transmission. Grand average ERP data showed a significant P600 grammaticality effect in the left hemisphere (LH) only; however, individual variations in the P600 responses were observed in both hemispheres. Results of correlational analyses showed that larger LH P600 effects were associated with slower inter-hemispheric transmissions; smaller right hemisphere (RH) P600 effects were associated with more effective RH inhibition. These results yielded support for both the callosal distance hypothesis and the inhibition hypothesis for language lateralization and demonstrated that different aspects of cross-hemispheric communications jointly influence the degree of syntactic lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Yeh
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Germany; Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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19
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Mousavi N, Nitsche MA, Jahan A, Nazari MA, Hassanpour H. Efficacy of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with intensive speech therapy for language production in monozygotic twins with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD): A sham-controlled single subject study. Neurocase 2022; 28:218-225. [PMID: 35533270 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this single subject study was to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to both hemispheres combined with speech therapy can improve language learning in a pair of 5-year-old twins with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD). The treatment protocol included anodal tDCS with simultaneous speech therapy in one of the participants (T.D.), and sham-tDCS with the same montage, and stimulation regime concomitant with speech therapy for the other twin (A.D.). Our findings show that T.D. improved in language production when treated with speech therapy in combination with tDCS. A.D. showed evidence for a relatively minor behavioral benefit from speech therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Mousavi
- Department of Language and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (Ifado), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hassanpour
- Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Kothare H, Schneider S, Mizuiri D, Hinkley L, Bhutada A, Ranasinghe K, Honma S, Garrett C, Klein D, Naunheim M, Yung K, Cheung S, Rosen C, Courey M, Nagarajan S, Houde J. Temporal specificity of abnormal neural oscillations during phonatory events in laryngeal dystonia. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac031. [PMID: 35356032 PMCID: PMC8962453 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal dystonia is a debilitating disorder of voicing in which the laryngeal muscles are intermittently in spasm resulting in involuntary interruptions during speech. The central pathophysiology of laryngeal dystonia, underlying computational impairments in vocal motor control, remains poorly understood. Although prior imaging studies have found aberrant activity in the CNS during phonation in patients with laryngeal dystonia, it is not known at what timepoints during phonation these abnormalities emerge and what function may be impaired. To investigate this question, we recruited 22 adductor laryngeal dystonia patients (15 female, age range = 28.83-72.46 years) and 18 controls (eight female, age range = 27.40-71.34 years). We leveraged the fine temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography to monitor neural activity around glottal movement onset, subsequent voice onset and after the onset of pitch feedback perturbations. We examined event-related beta-band (12-30 Hz) and high-gamma-band (65-150 Hz) neural oscillations. Prior to glottal movement onset, we observed abnormal frontoparietal motor preparatory activity. After glottal movement onset, we observed abnormal activity in the somatosensory cortex persisting through voice onset. Prior to voice onset and continuing after, we also observed abnormal activity in the auditory cortex and the cerebellum. After pitch feedback perturbation onset, we observed no differences between controls and patients in their behavioural responses to the perturbation. But in patients, we did find abnormal activity in brain regions thought to be involved in the auditory feedback control of vocal pitch (premotor, motor, somatosensory and auditory cortices). Our study results confirm the abnormal processing of somatosensory feedback that has been seen in other studies. However, there were several remarkable findings in our study. First, patients have impaired vocal motor activity even before glottal movement onset, suggesting abnormal movement preparation. These results are significant because (i) they occur before movement onset, abnormalities in patients cannot be ascribed to deficits in vocal performance and (ii) they show that neural abnormalities in laryngeal dystonia are more than just abnormal responses to sensory feedback during phonation as has been hypothesized in some previous studies. Second, abnormal auditory cortical activity in patients begins even before voice onset, suggesting abnormalities in setting up auditory predictions before the arrival of auditory feedback at voice onset. Generally, activation abnormalities identified in key brain regions within the speech motor network around various phonation events not only provide temporal specificity to neuroimaging phenotypes in laryngeal dystonia but also may serve as potential therapeutic targets for neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Kothare
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leighton Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abhishek Bhutada
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kamalini Ranasinghe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Honma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coleman Garrett
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Molly Naunheim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Yung
- San Francisco Voice & Swallowing, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Cheung
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clark Rosen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Courey
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Srikantan Nagarajan
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Houde
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Tuckute G, Paunov A, Kean H, Small H, Mineroff Z, Blank I, Fedorenko E. Frontal language areas do not emerge in the absence of temporal language areas: A case study of an individual born without a left temporal lobe. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Chow HM, Li H, Liu S, Frigerio-Domingues C, Drayna D. Neuroanatomical anomalies associated with rare AP4E1 mutations in people who stutter. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab266. [PMID: 34859215 PMCID: PMC8633735 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental stuttering is a common speech disorder with strong genetic underpinnings. Recently, stuttering has been associated with mutations in genes involved in lysosomal enzyme trafficking. However, how these mutations affect the brains of people who stutter remains largely unknown. In this study, we compared grey matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy between a unique group of seven subjects who stutter and carry the same rare heterozygous AP4E1 coding mutations and seven unrelated controls without such variants. The carriers of the AP4E1 mutations are members of a large Cameroonian family in which the association between AP4E1 and persistent stuttering was previously identified. Compared to controls, mutation carriers showed reduced grey matter volume in the thalamus, visual areas and the posterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, reduced fractional anisotropy was observed in the corpus callosum, consistent with the results of previous neuroimaging studies of people who stutter with unknown genetic backgrounds. Analysis of gene expression data showed that these structural differences appeared at the locations in which expression of AP4E1 is relatively high. Moreover, the pattern of grey matter volume differences was significantly associated with AP4E1 expression across the left supratentorial regions. This spatial congruency further supports the connection between AP4E1 mutations and the observed structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ming Chow
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours/Alfred duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Section on Genetics of Communication Disorders, NIDCD/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours/Alfred duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Dennis Drayna
- Section on Genetics of Communication Disorders, NIDCD/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Hartwigsen G, Bengio Y, Bzdok D. How does hemispheric specialization contribute to human-defining cognition? Neuron 2021; 109:2075-2090. [PMID: 34004139 PMCID: PMC8273110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uniquely human cognitive faculties arise from flexible interplay between specific local neural modules, with hemispheric asymmetries in functional specialization. Here, we discuss how these computational design principles provide a scaffold that enables some of the most advanced cognitive operations, such as semantic understanding of world structure, logical reasoning, and communication via language. We draw parallels to dual-processing theories of cognition by placing a focus on Kahneman's System 1 and System 2. We propose integration of these ideas with the global workspace theory to explain dynamic relay of information products between both systems. Deepening the current understanding of how neurocognitive asymmetry makes humans special can ignite the next wave of neuroscience-inspired artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Hartwigsen
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yoshua Bengio
- Mila, Montreal, QC, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Mila, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, and School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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24
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Pawełczyk A, Łojek E, Żurner N, Gawłowska-Sawosz M, Gębski P, Pawełczyk T. The correlation between white matter integrity and pragmatic language processing in first episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1068-1084. [PMID: 32710335 PMCID: PMC8032571 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Higher-order language disturbances could be the result of white matter tract abnormalities. The study explores the relationship between white matter and pragmatic skills in first-episode schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty-four first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 32 healthy subjects participated in a pragmatic language and Diffusion Tensor Imaging study, where fractional anisotropy of the arcuate fasciculus, corpus callosum and cingulum was correlated with the Polish version of the Right Hemisphere Language Battery. Results: The patients showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the right arcuate fasciculus, left anterior cingulum bundle and left forceps minor. Among the first episode patients, reduced understanding of written metaphors correlated with reduced fractional anisotropy of left forceps minor, and greater explanation of written and picture metaphors correlated with reduced fractional anisotropy of the left anterior cingulum. Conclusions: The white matter dysfunctions may underlie the pragmatic language impairment in schizophrenia. Our results shed further light on the functional neuroanatomical basis of pragmatic language use by patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | | | - Natalia Żurner
- Adolescent Ward, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Gębski
- Scanlab Diagnostyka Medyczna Księży Młyn, Medical Examination Centre, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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25
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Li M, Wu J, Jiang P, Yang S, Guo R, Yang Y, Cao Y, Wang S. Corpus Callosum Diffusion Anisotropy and Hemispheric Lateralization of Language in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Brain Connect 2021; 11:447-456. [PMID: 33356845 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The corpus callosum (CC) plays a key role in mediating interhemispheric connectivity and developing functional hemispheric asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in CC microstructure accompanying interhemispheric language reorganization in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Methods: Forty-one patients with an unruptured AVM located in anatomically defined language areas underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Hemispheric dominance in Broca's area (BA) and Wernicke's area (WA) was assessed separately. Right-sided or bilateral language dominance was classified as atypical lateralization. The CC was segmented into five subregions, and the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted. The relationship between callosal FA and language lateralization patterns was statistically analyzed. Results: We observed atypical language lateralization in 16 (39.0%) patients. Patients with atypical lateralization exhibited significantly higher mean FA values in the total CC (p = 0.002) and the anterior (p = 0.047), midanterior (p = 0.001), and midposterior (p = 0.043) subregions. Significant interaction effects of BA and WA lateralization were found for FA values in the total CC (p = 0.005) and the midanterior subregion (p = 0.004). Conclusions: These results indicate that AVM patients with atypical language lateralization exhibit higher callosal FA values, reflecting greater interhemispheric connectivity. Our findings contribute additional insights into the understanding of functional and structural plasticity of the human brain under pathological states. Impact statement Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions that frequently lead to interhemispheric language reorganization. In this study, by combining diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the relationship between callosal fractional anisotropy (FA) and language reorganization in patients with AVMs. We found that callosal FA was significantly higher in patients with atypical language lateralization, especially in those with crossed lateralization of Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This study demonstrated the remodeling of the corpus callosum microstructure accompanying language reorganization in AVM patients, providing insights into the structural and functional plasticity of the human brain associated with congenital cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhe Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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26
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Effect of corpus callosum agenesis on the language network in children and adolescents. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:701-713. [PMID: 33496825 PMCID: PMC7981296 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study is interested in the role of the corpus callosum in the development of the language network. We, therefore, investigated language abilities and the language network using task-based fMRI in three cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), three cases of partial ACC and six controls. Although the children with complete ACC revealed impaired functions in specific language domains, no child with partial ACC showed a test score below average. As a group, ACC children performed significantly worse than healthy controls in verbal fluency and naming. Furthermore, whole-brain ROI-to-ROI connectivity analyses revealed reduced intrahemispheric and right intrahemispheric functional connectivity in ACC patients as compared to controls. In addition, stronger functional connectivity between left and right temporal areas was associated with better language abilities in the ACC group. In healthy controls, no association between language abilities and connectivity was found. Our results show that ACC is associated not only with less interhemispheric, but also with less right intrahemispheric language network connectivity in line with reduced verbal abilities. The present study, thus, supports the excitatory role of the corpus callosum in functional language network connectivity and language abilities.
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27
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Relationships of Language Lateralization with Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics of Corpus Callosum, Tumor Grade, and Tumors Distance to Language-Eloquent Areas in Glial Neoplasms. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44:956-968. [PMID: 33196603 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to search relationships between language lateralization and corpus callosum (CC) connectivity, tumor grade, and tumors distance to language-eloquent areas in glial neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The functional magnetic resonance imaging and CC diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of 42 patients with glial neoplasm were evaluated for relationships of language lateralization (left, right, and bilateral) with CC DTI metrics (tracts number, voxel, volume, length, fractional anisotropy [FA], and apparent diffusion coefficient), tumor grade, and tumors distance to language-eloquent areas and relationships of CC DTI metrics with tumor grade. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and χ tests were used. All were repeated in 26 patients with left hemispheric masses. RESULTS In glial masses, language bilateralism was more common than normal population and more pronounced in low grade than high grade. In right lateralism and bilateralism, tumor settlement nearby language-eloquent areas was more common. In the left lateralism, highest CC tract number, higher tumor grade, and more remote tumor settlements were noted. There was no relationship between CC DTI metrics and tumor grade but increase in CC tracts number and FA with increasing tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS Increased bilateralism in glial masses than normal population and in low grade tumors than high grade and increased nearby tumor settlement in right lateralism and bilateralism support interhemispheric reorganization and plasticity. This is more pronounced in low grade because of higher life span. Highest CC tract number, higher tumor grade, and more remote tumor settlement in left lateralized group suggest intact CC integrity with limited hemispheric destruction. Increasing CC tracts number and FA with increasing tumor grade support preserved CC integrity in the shorter life span of high-grade tumors.
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28
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Monroy-Sosa A, Chakravarthi SS, Cortes-Contreras AP, Hernandez-Varela M, Andres-Arrieta V, Epping A, Rovin RA. The Evolution of Cerebral Language Localization: Historical Analysis and Current Trends. World Neurosurg 2020; 145:89-97. [PMID: 32916360 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Language localization has been an evolving concept over the past 150 years, with the emergence of several important yet conflicting ideologies. The classical theory, starting from the phrenologic work of Gall to the identification of specific regions of language function by Broca, Wernicke, and others, proposed that discrete subcomponents of language were organized into separate anatomic structural regions. The holism theory was postulated in an attempt to disclose that language function was instead attributed to a larger region of the cortex, in which cerebral regions may have the capability of assuming the function of damaged areas. However, this theory was largely abandoned in favor of discrete structural localizationist viewpoints. The subsequent cortical stimulatory work of Penfield led to the development of maps of localization, assigning an eloquent designation to specific regions. The expanding knowledge of cortical and subcortical anatomy allowed for the development of anatomically and functionally integrative language models. In particular, the dual stream model revisited the concept of regional interconnectivity and expanded the concept of eloquence. Advancements in cortical-subcortical stimulation, neurophysiologic monitoring, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging/functional magnetic resonance imaging, awake neurosurgical technique, and knowledge gained by white matter tract anatomy and the Human Connectome Project, shed new light on the dynamic interconnectivity of the cerebrum. New studies are progressively opening doors to this paradigm, showing the dynamic and interdependent nature of language function. In this review, the evolution of language toward the evolving paradigm of dynamic language function and interconnectivity and its impact on shaping the neurosurgical paradigm are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Monroy-Sosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Skull Base, Brain & Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Advocate Aurora Research Health Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Srikant S Chakravarthi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Skull Base, Brain & Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Advocate Aurora Research Health Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Victor Andres-Arrieta
- Faculty of Medicine, PECEM, Universidad Nacional Autonónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Austin Epping
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Skull Base, Brain & Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Advocate Aurora Research Health Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Richard A Rovin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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29
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Borghesani V, Hinkley LBN, Ranasinghe KG, Thompson MMC, Shwe W, Mizuiri D, Lauricella M, Europa E, Honma S, Miller Z, Miller B, Vossel K, Henry MML, Houde JF, Gorno-Tempini ML, Nagarajan SS. Taking the sublexical route: brain dynamics of reading in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2020; 143:2545-2560. [PMID: 32789455 PMCID: PMC7447517 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reading aloud requires mapping an orthographic form to a phonological one. The mapping process relies on sublexical statistical regularities (e.g. 'oo' to |uː|) or on learned lexical associations between a specific visual form and a series of sounds (e.g. yacht to/jɑt/). Computational, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological evidence suggest that sublexical, phonological and lexico-semantic processes rely on partially distinct neural substrates: a dorsal (occipito-parietal) and a ventral (occipito-temporal) route, respectively. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal features of orthography-to-phonology mapping, capitalizing on the time resolution of magnetoencephalography and the unique clinical model offered by patients with semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). Behaviourally, patients with svPPA manifest marked lexico-semantic impairments including difficulties in reading words with exceptional orthographic to phonological correspondence (irregular words). Moreover, they present with focal neurodegeneration in the anterior temporal lobe, affecting primarily the ventral, occipito-temporal, lexical route. Therefore, this clinical population allows for testing of specific hypotheses on the neural implementation of the dual-route model for reading, such as whether damage to one route can be compensated by over-reliance on the other. To this end, we reconstructed and analysed time-resolved whole-brain activity in 12 svPPA patients and 12 healthy age-matched control subjects while reading irregular words (e.g. yacht) and pseudowords (e.g. pook). Consistent with previous findings that the dorsal route is involved in sublexical, phonological processes, in control participants we observed enhanced neural activity over dorsal occipito-parietal cortices for pseudowords, when compared to irregular words. This activation was manifested in the beta-band (12-30 Hz), ramping up slowly over 500 ms after stimulus onset and peaking at ∼800 ms, around response selection and production. Consistent with our prediction, svPPA patients did not exhibit this temporal pattern of neural activity observed in controls this contrast. Furthermore, a direct comparison of neural activity between patients and controls revealed a dorsal spatiotemporal cluster during irregular word reading. These findings suggest that the sublexical/phonological route is involved in processing both irregular and pseudowords in svPPA. Together these results provide further evidence supporting a dual-route model for reading aloud mediated by the interplay between lexico-semantic and sublexical/phonological neurocognitive systems. When the ventral route is damaged, as in the case of neurodegeneration affecting the anterior temporal lobe, partial compensation appears to be possible by over-recruitment of the slower, serial attention-dependent, dorsal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Leighton B N Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Megan M C Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Lauricella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Eduardo Europa
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Susanna Honma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Keith Vossel
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Maya M L Henry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - John F Houde
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Maria L Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, USA
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30
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Yu X, Zuk J, Perdue MV, Ozernov‐Palchik O, Raney T, Beach SD, Norton ES, Ou Y, Gabrieli JDE, Gaab N. Putative protective neural mechanisms in prereaders with a family history of dyslexia who subsequently develop typical reading skills. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2827-2845. [PMID: 32166830 PMCID: PMC7294063 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia affects 40-60% of children with a familial risk (FHD+) compared to a general prevalence of 5-10%. Despite the increased risk, about half of FHD+ children develop typical reading abilities (FHD+Typical). Yet the underlying neural characteristics of favorable reading outcomes in at-risk children remain unknown. Utilizing a retrospective, longitudinal approach, this study examined whether putative protective neural mechanisms can be observed in FHD+Typical at the prereading stage. Functional and structural brain characteristics were examined in 47 FHD+ prereaders who subsequently developed typical (n = 35) or impaired (n = 12) reading abilities and 34 controls (FHD-Typical). Searchlight-based multivariate pattern analyses identified distinct activation patterns during phonological processing between FHD+Typical and FHD-Typical in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and left temporo-parietal cortex (LTPC) regions. Follow-up analyses on group-specific classification patterns demonstrated LTPC hypoactivation in FHD+Typical compared to FHD-Typical, suggesting this neural characteristic as an FHD+ phenotype. In contrast, RIFG showed hyperactivation in FHD+Typical than FHD-Typical, and its activation pattern was positively correlated with subsequent reading abilities in FHD+ but not controls (FHD-Typical). RIFG hyperactivation in FHD+Typical was further associated with increased interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity. These results suggest that some protective neural mechanisms are already established in FHD+Typical prereaders supporting their typical reading development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and LearningBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer Zuk
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meaghan V. Perdue
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
- Haskins LaboratoriesNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ola Ozernov‐Palchik
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Talia Raney
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara D. Beach
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Medical SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elizabeth S. Norton
- Department of Communication Sciences and DisordersNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Fetal‐Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science CenterBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Graduate School of EducationCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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31
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Danielsen VM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Mowinckel AM, Sederevicius D, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Westerhausen R. Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: Regional differences and cognitive relevance. Cortex 2020; 130:127-141. [PMID: 32652340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4-93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, the most posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Danielsen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Sederevicius
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - K B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - R Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Vyshedskiy A, Radi K, DuBois MC, Mugford E, Maslova V, Braverman J, Piryatinsky I. Novel linguistic evaluation of prefrontal synthesis (LEPS) test measures prefrontal synthesis acquisition in neurotypical children and predicts high-functioning versus low-functioning class assignment in individuals with autism. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 11:99-114. [PMID: 32420749 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1758700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to grasp the difference between "the cat on the mat" and "the mat on the cat," understanding the words and the grammar is not enough. Rather it is essential to visualize the cat and the mat together to appreciate their relations. This type of imagination, which involves juxtaposition of mental objects is conducted by the prefrontal cortex and is therefore called Prefrontal Synthesis (PFS). PFS acquisition has a strong experience-dependent critical period putting children with language delay in danger of never acquiring PFS and, consequently, not mastering complex language comprehension. In typical children, the timeline of PFS acquisition correlates with vocabulary expansion. Conversely, atypically developing children may learn many words but never acquire PFS. In these individuals, intelligence tests based on vocabulary assessment may miss the profound deficit in PFS. Accordingly, we developed a test specific for PFS - Linguistic Evaluation of Prefrontal Synthesis or LEPS - and administered it to 50 neurotypical children, age 4.1 ± 1.3 years and to 23 individuals with impairments, age 16.4 ± 3.0 years. All neurotypical children older than 4 years received the LEPS score 7/10 or greater indicating good PFS ability. Among individuals with impairments only 39% received the LEPS score 7/10 or greater. LEPS was 90% correct in predicting high-functioning vs. low-functioning class assignment in individuals with impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vyshedskiy
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,ImagiRation LLC, Boston, MA, USA
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Hinkley LBN, De Witte E, Cahill-Thompson M, Mizuiri D, Garrett C, Honma S, Findlay A, Gorno-Tempini ML, Tarapore P, Kirsch HE, Mariën P, Houde JF, Berger M, Nagarajan SS. Optimizing Magnetoencephalographic Imaging Estimation of Language Lateralization for Simpler Language Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:105. [PMID: 32499685 PMCID: PMC7242765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) offers a non-invasive alternative for defining preoperative language lateralization in neurosurgery patients. MEGI indeed can be used for accurate estimation of language lateralization with a complex language task - auditory verb generation. However, since language function may vary considerably in patients with focal lesions, it is important to optimize MEGI for estimation of language function with other simpler language tasks. The goal of this study was to optimize MEGI laterality analyses for two such simpler language tasks that can have compliance from those with impaired language function: a non-word repetition (NWR) task and a picture naming (PN) task. Language lateralization results for these two tasks were compared to the verb-generation (VG) task. MEGI reconstruction parameters (regions and time windows) for NWR and PN were first defined in a presurgical training cohort by benchmarking these against laterality indices for VG. Optimized time windows and regions of interest (ROIs) for NWR and PN were determined by examining oscillations in the beta band (12-30 Hz) a marker of neural activity known to be concordant with the VG laterality index (LI). For NWR, additional ROIs include areas MTG/ITG and for both NWR and PN, the postcentral gyrus was included in analyses. Optimal time windows for NWR were defined as 650-850 ms (stimulus-locked) and -350 to -150 ms (response-locked) and for PN -450 to -250 ms (response-locked). To verify the optimal parameters defined in our training cohort for NWR and PN, we examined an independent validation cohort (n = 30 for NWR, n = 28 for PN) and found high concordance between VG laterality and PN laterality (82%) and between VG laterality and NWR laterality (87%). Finally, in a test cohort (n = 8) that underwent both the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) test and MEG for VG, NWR, and PN, we identified excellent concordance (100%) with IAP for VG + NWR + PN composite LI, high concordance for PN alone (87.5%), and moderate concordance for NWR alone (66.7%). These findings provide task options for non-invasive language mapping with MEGI that can be calibrated for language abilities of individual patients. Results also demonstrate that more accurate estimates can be obtained by combining laterality estimates obtained from multiple tasks. MEGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton B. N. Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elke De Witte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Megan Cahill-Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Coleman Garrett
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susanne Honma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne Findlay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Phiroz Tarapore
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Heidi E. Kirsch
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter Mariën
- Department of Neurology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belguim
| | - John F. Houde
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mitchel Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Srikantan S. Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Friedrich P, Fraenz C, Schlüter C, Ocklenburg S, Mädler B, Güntürkün O, Genç E. The Relationship Between Axon Density, Myelination, and Fractional Anisotropy in the Human Corpus Callosum. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:2042-2056. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The corpus callosum serves the functional integration and interaction between the two hemispheres. Many studies investigate callosal microstructure via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) in geometrically parcellated segments. However, FA is influenced by several different microstructural properties such as myelination and axon density, hindering a neurobiological interpretation. This study explores the relationship between FA and more specific measures of microstructure within the corpus callosum in a sample of 271 healthy participants. DTI tractography was used to assess 11 callosal segments and gain estimates of FA. We quantified axon density and myelination via neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to assess intra-neurite volume fraction and a multiecho gradient spin-echo sequence estimating myelin water fraction. The results indicate three common factors in the distribution of FA, myelin content and axon density, indicating potentially shared rules of topographical distribution. Moreover, the relationship between measures varied across the corpus callosum, suggesting that FA should not be interpreted uniformly. More specific magnetic resonance imaging-based quantification techniques, such as NODDI and multiecho myelin water imaging, may thus play a key role in future studies of clinical trials and individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory (BCBLab), Sorbonne Universities, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Burkhard Mädler
- Health Systems Department, Philips GmBH, 22335 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Qi Z, Legault J. Neural hemispheric organization in successful adult language learning: Is left always right? PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sket GM, Overfeld J, Styner M, Gilmore JH, Entringer S, Wadhwa PD, Rasmussen JM, Buss C. Neonatal White Matter Maturation Is Associated With Infant Language Development. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:434. [PMID: 31920593 PMCID: PMC6927985 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While neonates have no sophisticated language skills, the neural basis for acquiring this function is assumed to already be present at birth. Receptive language is measurable by 6 months of age and meaningful speech production by 10-18 months of age. Fiber tracts supporting language processing include the corpus callosum (CC), which plays a key role in the hemispheric lateralization of language; the left arcuate fasciculus (AF), which is associated with syntactic processing; and the right AF, which plays a role in prosody and semantics. We examined if neonatal maturation of these fiber tracts is associated with receptive language development at 12 months of age. METHODS Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed in 86 infants at 26.6 ± 12.2 days post-birth. Receptive language was assessed via the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory at 12 months of age. Tract-based fractional anisotropy (FA) was determined using the NA-MIC atlas-based fiber analysis toolkit. Associations between neonatal regional FA, adjusted for gestational age at birth and age at scan, and language development at 12 months of age were tested using ANOVA models. RESULTS After multiple comparisons correction, higher neonatal FA was positively associated with receptive language at 12 months of age within the genu (p < 0.001), rostrum (p < 0.001), and tapetum (p < 0.001) of the CC and the left fronto-parietal AF (p = 0.008). No significant clusters were found in the right AF. CONCLUSION Microstructural development of the CC and the AF in the newborn is associated with receptive language at 12 months of age, demonstrating that interindividual variation in white matter microstructure is relevant for later language development, and indicating that the neural foundation for language processing is laid well ahead of the majority of language acquisition. This suggests that some origins of impaired language development may lie in the intrauterine and potentially neonatal period of life. Understanding how interindividual differences in neonatal brain maturity relate to the acquisition of function, particularly during early development when the brain is in an unparalleled window of plasticity, is key to identifying opportunities for harnessing neuroplasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Sket
- Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Overfeld
- Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John H. Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Pathik D. Wadhwa
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Jerod M. Rasmussen
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
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Kyeong S, Kang H, Kyeong S, Kim DH. Differences in Brain Areas Affecting Language Function After Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:2956-2959. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Brain areas associated with functional improvement differ between acute and chronic phases after stroke. This study investigated brain areas associated with language function, according to time after stroke.
Methods—
Patients with aphasia after stroke were divided into subacute (≤3 months after stroke, 17 patients) and chronic groups (>12 months after stroke, 23 patients). Voxel-wise linear regression analyses in each group were conducted by using fractional anisotropy mapping in diffusion tensor images as a dependent variable, while scores of spontaneous speech, comprehension, repetition, and naming were used as independent variables.
Results—
Structural connectivity in the left dorsal pathway (eg, superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus) was positively associated with spontaneous speech, repetition, and naming, whereas structural connectivity in the corona radiata, internal capsule, and corpus callosum of the right hemisphere was negatively associated with language function in the subacute phase. Comprehension was associated with the left superior temporal gyrus and the right corona radiata in the subacute phase and the right corpus callosum in the chronic phase (
P
FWE
<0.05).
Conclusions—
More lateralized language function related to the dorsal pathway was influenced in the bilateral brain areas in the subacute phase but not in the chronic phase. Less lateralized language function related to the ventral pathway was influenced in the bilateral brain areas during both subacute and chronic phases after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyon Kyeong
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Sohyon Kyeong, D.H.K.), Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Radiology (H.K.), Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohyon Kyeong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Sunghyon Kyeong)
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Sohyon Kyeong, D.H.K.), Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Naunheim ML, Yung KC, Schneider SL, Henderson-Sabes J, Kothare H, Hinkley LB, Mizuiri D, Klein DJ, Houde JF, Nagarajan SS, Cheung SW. Cortical networks for speech motor control in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:2125-2130. [PMID: 30570142 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate brain networks for motor control of voice production in patients with treated unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional comparison. METHODS Nine UVFP patients treated by type I thyroplasty, and 11 control subjects were compared using magnetoencephalographic imaging to measure beta band (12-30 Hz) neural oscillations during voice production with perturbation of pitch feedback. Differences in beta band power relative to baseline were analyzed to identify cortical areas with abnormal activity within the 400 ms perturbation period and 125 ms beyond, for a total of 525 ms. RESULTS Whole-brain task-induced beta band activation patterns were qualitatively similar in both treated UVFP patients and healthy controls. Central vocal motor control plasticity in UVFP was expressed within constitutive components of central human communication networks identified in healthy controls. Treated UVFP patients exhibited statistically significant enhancement (P < 0.05) in beta band activity following pitch perturbation onset in left auditory cortex to 525 ms, left premotor cortex to 225 ms, and left and right frontal cortex to 525 ms. CONCLUSION This study further corroborates that a peripheral motor impairment of the larynx can affect central cortical networks engaged in auditory feedback processing, vocal motor control, and judgment of voice-as-self. Future research to dissect functional relationships among constitutive cortical networks could reveal neurophysiological bases of central contributions to voice production impairment in UVFP. Those novel insights would motivate innovative treatments to improve voice production and reduce misalignment of voice-quality judgment between clinicians and patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b Laryngoscope, 129:2125-2130, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Naunheim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Katherine C Yung
- San Francisco Voice & Swallowing, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Sarah L Schneider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer Henderson-Sabes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Hardik Kothare
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Leighton B Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - David J Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - John F Houde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Steven W Cheung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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Vyshedskiy A. Language evolution to revolution: the leap from rich-vocabulary non-recursive communication system to recursive language 70,000 years ago was associated with acquisition of a novel component of imagination, called Prefrontal Synthesis, enabled by a mutation that slowed down the prefrontal cortex maturation simultaneously in two or more children – the Romulus and Remus hypothesis. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.5.e38546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an overwhelming archeological and genetic evidence that modern speech apparatus was acquired by hominins by 600,000 years ago. On the other hand, artifacts signifying modern imagination, such as (1) composite figurative arts, (2) bone needles with an eye, (3) construction of dwellings, and (4) elaborate burials arose not earlier than 70,000 years ago. It remains unclear (1) why there was a long gap between acquisition of modern speech apparatus and modern imagination, (2) what triggered the acquisition of modern imagination 70,000 years ago, and (3) what role language might have played in this process. Our research into evolutionary origin of modern imagination has been driven by the observation of a temporal limit for the development of a particular component of imagination. Modern children not exposed to recursive language in early childhood never acquire the type of active constructive imagination called Prefrontal Synthesis (PFS). Unlike vocabulary and grammar acquisition, which can be learned throughout one’s lifetime, there is a strong critical period for the development of PFS and individuals not exposed to recursive language in early childhood can never acquire PFS as adults. Their language will always lack understanding of spatial prepositions and recursion that depend on the PFS ability. In a similar manner, early hominins would not have been able to learn recursive language as adults and, therefore, would not be able to teach recursive language to their children. Thus, the existence of a strong critical period for PFS acquisition creates an evolutionary barrier for behavioral modernity. An evolutionary mathematical model suggests that a synergistic confluence of three events (1) a genetic mutation that extended the critical period by slowing down the prefrontal cortex development simultaneously in two or more children, (2) invention of recursive elements of language, such as spatial prepositions, by these children and (3) their dialogic communications using these recursive elements, resulted in concurrent conversion of a non-recursive communication system of their parents to recursive language and acquisition of PFS around 70,000 years ago.
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Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillations during Movement Preparation in 16p11.2 Deletion Carriers. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7321-7331. [PMID: 31270155 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3001-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor deficits are prevalent in many neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, including one of its common genetic etiologies, a 600 kb reciprocal deletion/duplication at 16p11.2. We have previously shown that copy number variations of 16p11.2 impact regional brain volume, white matter integrity, and early sensory responses in auditory cortex. Here, we test the hypothesis that abnormal cortical neurophysiology is present when genes in the 16p11.2 region are haploinsufficient, and in humans that this in turn may account for behavioral deficits specific to deletion carriers. We examine sensorimotor cortical network activity in males and females with 16p11.2 deletions compared with both typically developing individuals, and those with duplications of 16p11.2, using magnetoencephalographic imaging during preparation of overt speech or hand movements in tasks designed to be easy for all participants. In deletion carriers, modulation of beta oscillations (12-30 Hz) were increased during both movement types over effector-specific regions of motor cortices compared with typically developing individuals or duplication carriers, with no task-related performance differences between cohorts, even when corrected for their own cognitive and sensorimotor deficits. Reduced left hemispheric language specialization was observed in deletion carriers but not in duplication carriers. Neural activity over sensorimotor cortices in deletion carriers was linearly related to clinical measures of speech and motor impairment. These findings link insufficient copy number repeats at 16p11.2 to excessive neural activity (e.g., increased beta oscillations) in motor cortical networks for speech and hand motor control. These results have significant implications for understanding the neural basis of autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The recurrent ∼600 kb deletion at 16p11.2 (BP4-BP5) is one of the most common genetic etiologies of ASD and, more generally, of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we use high-resolution magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEG-I) to define with millisecond precision the underlying neurophysiological signature of motor impairments for individuals with 16p11.2 deletions. We identify significant increases in beta (12-30 Hz) suppression in sensorimotor cortices related to performance during speech and hand movement tasks. These findings not only provide a neurophysiological phenotype for the clinical presentation of this genetic deletion, but also guide our understanding of how genetic variation encodes for neural oscillatory dynamics.
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Feng K, Rowell AC, Andres A, Bellando BJ, Lou X, Glasier CM, Ramakrishnaiah RH, Badger TM, Ou X. Diffusion Tensor MRI of White Matter of Healthy Full-term Newborns: Relationship to Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. Radiology 2019; 292:179-187. [PMID: 31161971 PMCID: PMC6614910 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background It is well known that white matter injuries observed at birth are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life. Whether white matter developmental variations in healthy newborns are also associated with changes in later neurodevelopment remains to be established. Purpose To evaluate whether developmental variations of white matter microstructures identified by MRI correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy full-term infants. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, pregnant women were recruited and their healthy full-term newborns underwent a brain MRI including diffusion tensor imaging at approximately 2 weeks of age. These infants were tested at approximately 2 years of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Voxel-wise correlation analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA), measured with diffusion tensor MRI, and neurodevelopmental test scores, measured by using BSID, were performed by using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), followed by region-of-interest (ROI) analyses of correlations between mean FA in selected white matter ROIs and each BSID subscale score. Results Thirty-eight full-term infants (20 boys, 18 girls) underwent MRI examination at 2 weeks of age (14.3 days ± 1.6) and BSID measurement at 2 years of age (732 days ± 6). TBSS analyses showed widespread clusters in major white matter tracts, with positive correlations (P ≤ .05, corrected for the voxel-wise multiple comparisons) between FA values and multiple BSID subscale scores. These correlations were largely independent of several demographic parameters as well as family environment. Gestational age at birth appeared to be a confounding factor as TBSS-observed correlations weakened when it was included as a covariate; however, after controlling for gestational age at birth, ROI analyses still showed positive correlations (P ≤ .05, R = 0.35 to 0.48) between mean FA in many white matter ROIs and BSID cognitive, language, and motor scores. Conclusion There were significant associations between white matter microstructure developmental variations in healthy full-term newborns and their neurodevelopmental outcomes. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Hu and McAllister in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Feng
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Amy C. Rowell
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Aline Andres
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Betty Jayne Bellando
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Xiangyang Lou
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Charles M. Glasier
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Raghu H. Ramakrishnaiah
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
| | - Xiawei Ou
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.F., A.C.R., C.M.G., R.H.R.,
X.O.) and Pediatrics (A.A., B.J.B., X.L., C.M.G., T.M.B., X.O.), University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's
Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 (A.A., X.L.,
T.M.B., X.O.); and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, 1
Children’s Way, Slot 105, Little Rock, AR 72202 (X.O.)
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Kellmeyer P, Vry MS, Ball T. A transcallosal fibre system between homotopic inferior frontal regions supports complex linguistic processing. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3544-3556. [PMID: 31209927 PMCID: PMC6899774 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inferior frontal regions in the left and right hemisphere support different aspects of language processing. In the canonical model, left inferior frontal regions are mostly involved in processing based on phonological, syntactic and semantic features of language, whereas the right inferior frontal regions process paralinguistic aspects like affective prosody. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐based probabilistic fibre tracking in 20 healthy volunteers, we identify a callosal fibre system connecting left and right inferior frontal regions that are involved in linguistic processing of varying complexity. Anatomically, we show that the interhemispheric fibres are highly aligned and distributed along a rostral to caudal gradient in the body and genu of the corpus callosum to connect homotopic inferior frontal regions. In the light of converging data, taking previous DTI‐based tracking studies and clinical case studies into account, our findings suggest that the right inferior frontal cortex not only processes paralinguistic aspects of language (such as affective prosody), as purported by the canonical model, but also supports the computation of linguistic aspects of varying complexity in the human brain. Our model may explain patterns of right‐hemispheric contribution to stroke recovery as well as disorders of prosodic processing. Beyond language‐related brain function, we discuss how inter‐species differences in interhemispheric connectivity and fibre density, including the system we described here may also explain differences in transcallosal information transfer and cognitive abilities across different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kellmeyer
- Neuromedical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Magnus-Sebastian Vry
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tonio Ball
- Neuromedical Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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43
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Monteiro M, de Oliveira-Souza R, Andrade J, Marins T, de Carvalho Rodrigues E, Bramati I, Lent R, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F. Cortical lateralization of cheirosensory processing in callosal dysgenesis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101808. [PMID: 31153001 PMCID: PMC6541908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The paradoxical absence of a split-brain syndrome in most cases of callosal dysgenesis has originated three main hypotheses, namely, (i) bilateral cortical representation of language, (ii) bilateral thalamocortical projections of somatosensory pathways conveyed by the spinothalamic-medial lemniscus system, and (iii) a variable combination of (i) and (ii). We used functional neuroimaging to investigate the cortical representation and lateralization of somatosensory information from the palm of each hand in six cases of callosal dysgenesis (hypothesis [ii]). Cortical regions of interest were contralateral and ipsilateral S1 (areas 3a and 3b, 1 and 2 in the central sulcus and postcentral gyrus) and S2 (parts of areas 40 and 43 in the parietal operculum). The degree of cortical asymmetry was expressed by a laterality index (LI), which may assume values from −1 (fully left-lateralized) to +1 (fully right-lateralized). In callosal dysgenesis, LI values for the right and the left hands were, respectively, −1 and + 1 for both S1 and S2, indicating absence of engagement of ipsilateral S1 and S2. In controls, LI values were − 0.70 (S1) and − 0.51 (S2) for right hand stimulation, and 0.82 (S1) and 0.36 (S2) for left hand stimulation, reflecting bilateral asymmetric activations, which were significantly higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated hand. Therefore, none of the main hypotheses so far entertained to account for the callosal dysgenesis-split-brain paradox have succeeded. We conclude that the preserved interhemispheric transfer of somatosensory tactile information in callosal dysgenesis must be mediated by a fourth alternative, such as aberrant interhemispheric bundles, reorganization of subcortical commissures, or both. We studied the cortical sensory representation of the hands in callosal dysgenesis. The representation of the hands was bilateral but asymmetric in controls. The representation of the hands was strictly contralateral in callosal dysgenesis. The representation of the hands is a distinguishing feature of callosal dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Monteiro
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Theo Marins
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Ivanei Bramati
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Roberto Lent
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil.
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44
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Beta-band activity in medial prefrontal cortex predicts source memory encoding and retrieval accuracy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6814. [PMID: 31048735 PMCID: PMC6497659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reality monitoring is defined as the ability to distinguish internally self-generated information from externally-derived information. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region subserving reality monitoring and has been shown to be activated specifically during the retrieval of self-generated information. However, it is unclear if mPFC is activated during the encoding of self-generated information into memory. If so, it is important to understand whether successful retrieval of self-generated information critically depends on enhanced neural activity within mPFC during initial encoding of this self-generated information. We used magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) to determine the timing and location of cortical activity during a reality-monitoring task involving self generated contextual source memory encoding and retrieval. We found both during encoding and retrieval of self-generated information, when compared to externally-derived information, mPFC showed significant task induced oscillatory power modulation in the beta-band. During initial encoding of self-generated information, greater mPFC beta-band power reductions occurred within a time window of −700 ms to −500 ms prior to vocalization. This increased activity in mPFC was not observed during encoding of externally-derived information. Additionally, increased mPFC activity during encoding of self-generated information predicted subsequent retrieval accuracy of this self-generated information. Beta-band activity in mPFC was also observed during the initial retrieval of self-generated information within a time window of 300 to 500 ms following stimulus onset and correlated with accurate retrieval performance of self-generated information. Together, these results further highlight the importance of mPFC in mediating the initial generation and awareness of participants’ internal thoughts.
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45
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Qi Z, Han M, Wang Y, de los Angeles C, Liu Q, Garel K, Chen ES, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JD, Perrachione TK. Speech processing and plasticity in the right hemisphere predict variation in adult foreign language learning. Neuroimage 2019; 192:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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46
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Ranasinghe KG, Kothare H, Kort N, Hinkley LB, Beagle AJ, Mizuiri D, Honma SM, Lee R, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Vossel KA, Houde JF, Nagarajan SS. Neural correlates of abnormal auditory feedback processing during speech production in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5686. [PMID: 30952883 PMCID: PMC6450891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate integration of sensory inputs and motor commands is essential to achieve successful behavioral goals. A robust model of sensorimotor integration is the pitch perturbation response, in which speakers respond rapidly to shifts of the pitch in their auditory feedback. In a previous study, we demonstrated abnormal sensorimotor integration in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with an abnormally enhanced behavioral response to pitch perturbation. Here we examine the neural correlates of the abnormal pitch perturbation response in AD patients, using magnetoencephalographic imaging. The participants phonated the vowel /α/ while a real-time signal processor briefly perturbed the pitch (100 cents, 400 ms) of their auditory feedback. We examined the high-gamma band (65-150 Hz) responses during this task. AD patients showed significantly reduced left prefrontal activity during the early phase of perturbation and increased right middle temporal activity during the later phase of perturbation, compared to controls. Activity in these brain regions significantly correlated with the behavioral response. These results demonstrate that impaired prefrontal modulation of speech-motor-control network and additional recruitment of right temporal regions are significant mediators of aberrant sensorimotor integration in patients with AD. The abnormal neural integration mechanisms signify the contribution of cortical network dysfunction to cognitive and behavioral deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Hardik Kothare
- Speech Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF, Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Kort
- Speech Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Leighton B Hinkley
- Speech Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alexander J Beagle
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susanne M Honma
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Keith A Vossel
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - John F Houde
- Speech Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Speech Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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47
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Neurobiological systems in dyslexia. Trends Neurosci Educ 2019; 14:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Bhat M, Palaniswamy HP, Pichaimuthu AN, Thomas N. Cortical auditory evoked potentials and hemispheric specialization of speech in individuals with learning disability and healthy controls: A preliminary study. F1000Res 2018; 7:1939. [PMID: 31001413 PMCID: PMC6449798 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17029.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dichotic listening (DL) technique is a behavioral non-invasive tool which is used in studying hemispheric lateralization. Previous studies using behavioral DL have hypothesized that individuals with learning disabilities (LD) exhibit a lack of cortical specialization for processing speech stimulus. However, there is no event related potential (ERP) evidence, hence the main objective of the study is to explore hemispheric asymmetry using cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEPs) in normal hearing adults and also to compare the same in children with LD and healthy controls. Methods: CAEPs were recorded in 16 normal hearing young adults, eight right-handed children with LD and their age matched controls. Two stop constants (/Pa/ – voiceless, bilabial, stop: /Ta/ - voiceless, alveolar, stop) were chosen for this experiment and presented in each ear and dichotically in two different orders (/pa-ta/, /ta-pa/). ERPs were processed using a standard pipeline, and electrodes readings over the left and right hemispheres were averaged to create left and right regions of interest (ROI). The CAEPs were analyzed for mean amplitude and peak latency of P1-N1-P2 components. Results: The current study results suggest no statistically significant difference between the two stimulus in monaural condition and absence of order effect in dichotic condition. In healthy controls the CAEP latencies were shorter over the left hemisphere in both monaural and dichotic conditions in adults and control children. However, it was very evident that such a difference was lacking in children with LD. Conclusions: Hemispheric asymmetry can be detected using CAEPs for speech stimulus. The measures are consistent and void of stimulus or order effect. Taken together, the findings of current study, both monaural and dichotic condition illustrates the hemispheric differences in processing speech stimuli in normal hearers. Absence of latency differences between hemispheres in children with LD indicate a lack of hemispheric asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Bhat
- Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Hari Prakash Palaniswamy
- Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Arivudai Nambi Pichaimuthu
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575003, India
| | - Nitha Thomas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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49
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Traut T, Sardesh N, Bulubas L, Findlay A, Honma SM, Mizuiri D, Berger MS, Hinkley LB, Nagarajan SS, Tarapore PE. MEG imaging of recurrent gliomas reveals functional plasticity of hemispheric language specialization. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1082-1092. [PMID: 30549134 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with gliomas, changes in hemispheric specialization for language determined by magnetoencephalography (MEG) were analyzed to elucidate the impact of treatment and tumor recurrence on language networks. Demonstration of reorganization of language networks in these patients has significant implications on the prevention of postoperative functional loss and recovery. Whole-brain activity during an auditory verb generation task was estimated from MEG recordings in a group of 73 patients with recurrent gliomas. Hemisphere of language dominance was estimated using the language laterality index (LI), a measure derived from the task. The initial scan was performed prior to resection; patients subsequently underwent surgery and adjuvant treatment. A second scan was performed upon recurrence prior to repeat resection. The relationship between the shift in LI between scans and demographics, anatomic location, pathology, and adjuvant treatment was analyzed. Laterality shifts were observed between scans; the median percent change was 29.1% across all patients. Laterality shift magnitude and relative direction were associated with the initial position of language dominance; patients with increased lateralization experienced greater shifts than those presenting more bilateral representation. A change in LI from left or right to bilateral (or vice versa) occurred in 23.3% of patients; complete switch occurred in 5.5% of patients. Patients with tumors within the language-dominant hemisphere experienced significantly greater shifts than those with contralateral tumors. The majority of patients with glioma experience shifts in language network organization over time which correlate with the relative position of language lateralization and tumor location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavish Traut
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Nina Sardesh
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Lucia Bulubas
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Findlay
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Susanne M Honma
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Leighton B Hinkley
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Phiroz E Tarapore
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
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50
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Hearne LJ, Dean RJ, Robinson GA, Richards LJ, Mattingley JB, Cocchi L. Increased cognitive complexity reveals abnormal brain network activity in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101595. [PMID: 30473430 PMCID: PMC6411589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reasoning is thought to require functional interactions between whole-brain networks. Such networks rely on both cerebral hemispheres, with the corpus callosum providing cross-hemispheric communication. Here we used high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (7 T fMRI), a well validated cognitive task, and brain network analyses to investigate the functional networks underlying cognitive reasoning in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD), an anatomical abnormality that affects the corpus callosum. Participants with CCD were asked to solve cognitive reasoning problems while their brain activity was measured using fMRI. The complexity of these problems was parametrically varied by changing the complexity of relations that needed to be established between shapes within each problem matrix. Behaviorally, participants showed a typical reduction in task performance as problem complexity increased. Task-evoked neural activity was observed in brain regions known to constitute two key cognitive control systems: the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks. Under low complexity demands, network topology and the patterns of local neural activity in the CCD group closely resembled those observed in neurotypical controls. By contrast, when asked to solve more complex problems, participants with CCD showed a reduction in neural activity and connectivity within the fronto-parietal network. These complexity-induced, as opposed to resting-state, differences in functional network activity help resolve the apparent paradox between preserved network architecture found at rest in CCD individuals, and the heterogeneous deficits they display in response to cognitive task demands [preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/312629]. Individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis fail to develop a normal corpus callosum. Resting-state functional brain networks in callosal dysgenesis appear relatively normal. Cognitive complexity revealed a deficit in fronto-parietal network activity. Differences in brain activity might only be revealed when under cognitive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Hearne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clincal Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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