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Firouzan B, Iravanpour F, Abbaszadeh F, Akparov V, Zaringhalam J, Ghasemi R, Maghsoudi N. Dipeptide mimetic of BDNF ameliorates motor dysfunction and striatal apoptosis in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's rat model: Considering Akt and MAPKs signaling. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114585. [PMID: 37467964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder associated with motor and non-motor complaints. Dysregulation of neurotrophic factors and related signaling cascades have been reported to be common events in PD which is accompanied by dopaminergic (DA) neuron demise. However, the restoration of neurotrophic factors has several limitations. Bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-methionyl-L-serine) heptamethylenediamide (BHME) is a dipeptide mimetic of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with reported anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects in several experimental models. The current study has investigated the effect of BHME on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-caused motor anomalies in Wistar rats. In this regard, rats were treated daily with BHME (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) 1 h after 6-OHDA-caused damage until the twelfth day. Afterwards, motor behavior and DA neuron survival were evaluated via behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, respectively. Moreover, the activity of Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results indicated that BHME prevents motor dysfunction and DA cell death following 6-OHDA injection, and this improvement was in parallel with an enhancement in Akt activity, decrement of P38 phosphorylation, along with a reduction in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In conclusion, our findings indicated that BHME, as a mimetic of BDNF, can be considered for further research and is a promising therapeutic agent for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Firouzan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Iravanpour
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valery Akparov
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Choi YJ, Yeo HJ, Shin MJ, Youn GS, Park JH, Yeo EJ, Kwon HJ, Lee LR, Kim NY, Kwon SY, Kim SM, Kim DW, Jung HY, Kwon OS, Lee CH, Park JK, Lee KW, Han KH, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Tat-GSTpi Inhibits Dopaminergic Cells against MPP+-Induced Cellular Damage via the Reduction of Oxidative Stress and MAPK Activation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030836. [PMID: 36979816 PMCID: PMC10045456 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) is a member of the GST family and plays many critical roles in cellular processes, including anti-oxidative and signal transduction. However, the role of anti-oxidant enzyme GSTpi against dopaminergic neuronal cell death has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we investigated the roles of cell permeable Tat-GSTpi fusion protein in a SH-SY5Y cell and a Parkinson’s disease (PD) mouse model. In the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-exposed cells, Tat-GSTpi protein decreased DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, this fusion protein increased cell viability by regulating MAPKs, Bcl-2, and Bax signaling. In addition, Tat-GSTpi protein delivered into the substantia nigra (SN) of mice brains protected dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD animal model. Our results indicate that the Tat-GSTpi protein inhibited cell death from MPP+- and MPTP-induced damage, suggesting that it plays a protective role during the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD and that it could help to identify the mechanism responsible for neurodegenerative diseases, including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Re Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Wook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.E.); (S.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-(33)-2483221 (W.S.E.); +82-(33)-2482112 (S.Y.C.); Fax: +82-(33)-2483202 (W.S.E. & S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.E.); (S.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-(33)-2483221 (W.S.E.); +82-(33)-2482112 (S.Y.C.); Fax: +82-(33)-2483202 (W.S.E. & S.Y.C.)
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Neuroprotective effects of fermented tea in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model via MAPK signaling-mediated regulation of inflammation and antioxidant activity. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112133. [PMID: 36737888 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal damage. In this study, three tea extracts from Hadong, Korea, were evaluated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity damage model (C57BL/6 mice) for their therapeutic effects against PD: green tea (GT), semi-fermented tea (SFT), and fermented tea (FT). Theaflavin content in the teas increased but catechin content decreased with the degree of fermentation. In addition, SFT showed the highest theanine and γ-aminobutyric acid contents. SFT at a concentration of 25 μg/mL showed the highest activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay among all samples. Furthermore, the 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity of 25 μg/mL SFT was higher than that of l-ascorbic acid. Fermented tea suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and macrophage-1, as well as inhibited overexpression of apoptotic signals, including p-53, cleaved caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Moreover, GT, SFT, and FT regulated the MPTP-induced oxidative stress-related factors, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4. Fermented tea also alleviated MPTP-induced behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuronal damage and reduced α-synuclein levels. These results indicate that fermented tea is effective for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory, neuro-apoptotic, and neuro-oxidative disorders.
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Li J, Ni Y, Huang L, Yu X, Zhu J. Er-Bai-Tang decoction improved the movement disorders and neuronal injury in the Parkinson's disease model rats via decreasing p38 MAPK pathway and improving the composition of intestinal flora. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 37:e371104. [PMID: 36629531 PMCID: PMC9829241 DOI: 10.1590/acb371104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous study showed that Er-Bai-Tang decoction (EBT) could effectively improve Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' quality of life, sleep, mood, and cognitive disorders, but the mechanism of EBT to treat PD was unclear. So, our study aimed to explore the mechanism of EBT to treat PD via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and intestinal flora. METHODS In our study, the PD rat model was established by subcutaneously injecting 2 mg/kg/d rotenone solution, and 23.43 g/kgEBT was used to treat PD model rats. RESULTS Behavioral test showed that EBT could reverse the motor impairment in the PD model rats. Hematoxylin and eosin result showed that EBT could reduce the cell necrosis in the SNpc area of the PD model rats. Western blotting and real time-polymerase chain reaction showed that EBT could decrease the p38 MAPK expression in the SNpc area of the PD model rats. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis showed that EBT could improve the composition of intestinal flora in the PD model rats. Rikenellaceae at family level and Alistipes and Allobaculum at the genus level were the key species in the PD development and EBT treatment to PD. KEGG showed that EBT might change the iron uptake in PD rats. CONCLUSIONS EBT could improve the motor symptoms and neuronal injury in the PD model rat, and its mechanism may be related to decreasing p38 MAPK pathway and improving the composition of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Li
- MS. Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital – Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehan Ni
- MS. Yuyao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital – Yuyao, China.,Corresponding author:
- (13 88) 4407199
| | - Li Huang
- St. Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital – Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Yu
- PhD. Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital – Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- MS. Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital – Chongqing, China
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Relaxin inhibits 177Lu-EDTMP associated cell death in osteosarcoma cells through notch-1 pathway. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:575-585. [PMID: 36651368 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
177Lu-EDTMP (Ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid) is the most used radioactive agent for pain palliation in bone cancer patients. The present study aims to study the impact of relaxin-2 on the 177Lu-EDTMP associated cell toxicity and death in osteosarcoma cells. MG63 and Saos-2 cells were cultured with 177Lu-EDTMP (37 MBq) for 24 h with and without pretreatment of recombinant relaxin 2 (RLXH2) for 12 and 24 h. 177Lu-EDTMP associated cellular deterioration and death was determined by LDH, MTT, and trypan blue dye assays. ELISA-based kit was used to determine apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Western blotting was used to determine expression levels of apoptotic-related signalling pathway proteins like bcl2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Our results found that RLXH2 counters 177Lu-EDTMP associated cellular toxicity. Similarly, RLXH2 was able to counter 177Lu-EDTMP induced cell death in a concentration and time--dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that RLXH2 treatment prevents apoptosis in 177Lu-EDTMP challenged cells through activation of the notch-1 pathway in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We reported that RLXH2 significantly declined cellular toxicity and apoptosis associated with 177Lu-EDTMP in MG63 and Saos-2 cells through the notch-1 pathway.
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Eroglu B, Jin X, Deane S, Öztürk B, Ross OA, Moskophidis D, Mivechi NF. Dusp26 phosphatase regulates mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress and protects neuronal cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:198. [PMID: 35313355 PMCID: PMC10601927 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dual specificity protein phosphatases (Dusps) control dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as other substrates. Here, we report that Dusp26, which is highly expressed in neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons is targeted to the mitochondrial outer membrane via its NH2-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Loss of Dusp26 has a significant impact on mitochondrial function that is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction in ATP generation, reduction in mitochondria motility and release of mitochondrial HtrA2 protease into the cytoplasm. The mitochondrial dysregulation in dusp26-deficient neuroblastoma cells leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death. In vivo, Dusp26 is highly expressed in neurons in different brain regions, including cortex and midbrain (MB). Ablation of Dusp26 in mouse model leads to dopaminergic (DA) neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNpc), inflammatory response in MB and striatum, and phenotypes that are normally associated with Neurodegenerative diseases. Consistent with the data from our mouse model, Dusp26 expressing cells are significantly reduced in the SNpc of Parkinson's Disease patients. The underlying mechanism of DA neuronal death is that loss of Dusp26 in neurons increases mitochondrial ROS and concurrent activation of MAPK/p38 signaling pathway and inflammatory response. Our results suggest that regulation of mitochondrial-associated protein phosphorylation is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and dysregulation of this process may contribute to the initiation and development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Eroglu
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sadiki Deane
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bahadır Öztürk
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Owen A Ross
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Demetrius Moskophidis
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Nahid F Mivechi
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VAMC, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
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Pyrimethamine inhibits cell growth by inducing cell senescence and boosting CD8 + T-cell mediated cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4281-4292. [PMID: 35262820 PMCID: PMC9262800 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of nonresponse or resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main challenges of colorectal cancer (CRC) therapies. Thus, novel therapeutic drugs that can improve the clinical outcomes of CRC patients are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of pyrimethamine in CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we assessed the role of pyrimethamine on CRC cell growth by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle distribution and cellular senescence were determined by flow cytometry and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining respectively. RNA-seq analysis and western blotting were used to investigate the potential pathways of pyrimethamine in CRC development. Moreover, animal experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of pyrimethamine in vivo. Our results demonstrated that pyrimethamine could inhibit cell growth by inducing S phase arrest followed by cellular senescence in CRC cells, and the p38MAPK-p53 axis was probably involved in that effect. In addition, pyrimethamine could also boost CD8+ T-cell mediated cytotoxicity and exert antitumor activity in vivo. CONCLUSION These results indicated that pyrimethamine may be a promising candidate agent for CRC treatment.
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Harsha PK, Ranganayaki S, Yale G, Dey G, Mangalaparthi KK, Yarlagadda A, Chandrasekhar Sagar BK, Mahadevan A, Srinivas Bharath MM, Mani RS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rabies Virus-Infected Human and Canine Brains. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1610-1636. [PMID: 35229271 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by the Rabies lyssavirus (RABV). The presence of minimal neuropathological changes observed in rabies indicates that neuronal dysfunction, rather than neuronal death contributes to the fatal outcome. The role of mitochondrial changes has been suggested as a possible mechanism for neuronal dysfunction in rabies. However, these findings are mostly based on studies that have employed experimental models and laboratory-adapted virus. Studies on brain tissues from naturally infected human and animal hosts are lacking. The current study investigated the role of mitochondrial changes in rabies by morphological, biochemical and proteomic analysis of RABV-infected human and canine brains. Morphological analysis showed minimal inflammation with preserved neuronal and disrupted mitochondrial structure in both human and canine brains. Proteomic analysis revealed involvement of mitochondrial processes (oxidative phosphorylation, cristae formation, homeostasis and transport), synaptic proteins and autophagic pathways, with over-expression of subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Consistent with these findings, human and canine brains displayed elevated activities of complexes I (p < 0.05), IV (p < 0.05) and V (p < 0.05). However, this did not result in elevated ATP production (p < 0.0001), probably due to lowered mitochondrial membrane potential as noted in RABV-infected cells in culture. These could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy as indicated by expression of FKBP8 (p < 0.05) and PINK1 (p < 0.001)/PARKIN (p > 0.05) and ensuing autophagy, as shown by the status of LCIII (p < 0.05), LAMP1 (p < 0.001) and pertinent ultrastructural markers. We propose that altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and cristae architecture probably induce mitophagy, leading to autophagy and consequent neuronal dysfunction in rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulleri Kandi Harsha
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sathyanarayanan Ranganayaki
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Gourav Dey
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Anusha Yarlagadda
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - B K Chandrasekhar Sagar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
| | - Reeta S Mani
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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Wu Z, Xia C, Zhang C, Tang D, Liu F, Ou Y, Gao J, Yi H, Yang D, Ma K. Adeno-associated virus-delivered alpha synuclein inhibits bladder cancer growth via the p53/p21 signaling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1193-1206. [PMID: 35064206 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Flavonols: Targeting Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 Pathways in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101628. [PMID: 34679762 PMCID: PMC8533072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Intracellular transduction pathways that end in the activation of specific transcription factors are highly implicated in the onset and progression of pathological changes related to neurodegeneration, of which those related to oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are particularly important. Here, we provide a brief overview of the key concepts related to OS- and neuroinflammation-mediated neuropathological changes in neurodegeneration, together with the role of transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This review is focused on the transcription factor p53 that coordinates the cellular response to diverse genotoxic stimuli, determining neuronal death or survival. As current pharmacological options in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease are only symptomatic, many research efforts are aimed at uncovering efficient disease-modifying agents. Natural polyphenolic compounds demonstrate powerful anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, partially acting as modulators of signaling pathways. Herein, we review the current understanding of the therapeutic potential and limitations of flavonols in neuroprotection, with emphasis on their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects along the Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 pathways. A better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of their action may pave the way toward new treatments.
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Hu D, Cui Y, Zhang J. Nervonic Acid Ameliorates Motor Disorder in Mice with Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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A carbazole compound, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, plays an antitumor function through reactivation of the p53 pathway in human melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:591. [PMID: 34103468 PMCID: PMC8187445 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p53, the major tumor suppressor, is frequently mutated in many cancers, and up to 84% of human melanomas harbor wild-type p53, which is considered to be an ideal target for melanoma therapy. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity of a carbazole derivative, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (ECCA), on melanoma cells. ECCA had a selectively strong inhibitory activity against the growth of BRAF-mutated and BRAF-wild-type melanoma cells but had little effect on normal human primary melanocytes. ECCA inhibited melanoma cell growth by increasing cell apoptosis, which was associated with the upregulation of caspase activities and was significantly abrogated by the addition of a caspase inhibitor. In vivo assays confirmed that ECCA suppressed melanoma growth by enhancing cell apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation, and importantly ECCA did not have any evident toxic effects on normal tissues. RNA-Seq analysis identified several pathways related to cell apoptosis that were affected by ECCA, notably, activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Biochemical assays demonstrated that ECCA enhanced the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 in melanoma cells harboring wild-type p53, and importantly, the knockdown or deletion of p53 in those cells counteracted the ECCA-induced apoptosis, as well as senescence. Further investigations revealed that ECCA enhanced the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and treatment with either a p38-MAPK or a JNK inhibitor rescued the cell growth inhibition elicited by ECCA, which depended on the expression of the p53 gene. Finally, the combination of ECCA with a BRAF inhibitor significantly enhanced the growth inhibition of melanoma cells. In summary, our study demonstrates that the carbazole derivative, ECCA, induces melanoma cell apoptosis and senescence through the activation of p53 to significantly and selectively suppress the growth of melanoma cells without affecting normal human melanocytes, suggesting its potential to develop a new drug for melanoma therapy.
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PEP-1-GLRX1 Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Loss by Modulating MAPK and Apoptosis Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113329. [PMID: 34206041 PMCID: PMC8198499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized mainly by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) mediated via oxidative stress. Although glutaredoxin-1 (GLRX1) is known as one of the antioxidants involved in cell survival, the effects of GLRX1 on PD are still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether cell-permeable PEP-1-GLRX1 inhibits dopaminergic neuronal cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We showed that PEP-1-GLRX1 protects cell death and DNA damage in MPP+-exposed SH-SY5Y cells via the inhibition of MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB activation and the regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression. Furthermore, we found that PEP-1-GLRX1 was delivered to the SN via the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-induced PD model. These results indicate that PEP-1-GLRX1 markedly inhibited the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPP+- and MPTP-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that this fusion protein may represent a novel therapeutic agent against PD.
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Angelopoulou E, Nath Paudel Y, Piperi C, Mishra A. Neuroprotective potential of cinnamon and its metabolites in Parkinson's disease: Mechanistic insights, limitations, and novel therapeutic opportunities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021:e22711. [PMID: 33587308 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with obscure etiology and no disease-modifying therapy to date. Hence, novel, safe, and low cost-effective approaches employing medicinal plants are currently receiving increased attention. A growing body of evidence has revealed that cinnamon, being widely used as a spice of unique flavor and aroma, may exert neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In vitro evidence has indicated that the essential oils of Cinnamomum species, mainly cinnamaldehyde and sodium benzoate, may protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and autophagy dysregulation, thus acting in a potentially neuroprotective manner. In vivo evidence has demonstrated that oral administration of cinnamon powder and sodium benzoate may protect against dopaminergic cell death, striatal neurotransmitter dysregulation, and motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse models of PD. The underlying mechanisms of its action include autophagy regulation, antioxidant effects, upregulation of Parkin, DJ-1, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as modulation of the Toll-like receptors/nuclear factor-κB pathway and inhibition of the excessive proinflammatory responses. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cinnamon extracts may affect the oligomerization process and aggregation of α-synuclein. Herein, we discuss recent evidence on the novel therapeutic opportunities of this phytochemical against PD, indicating additional mechanistic aspects that should be explored and potential obstacles/limitations that need to be overcome for its inclusion in experimental PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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15
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C, Mishra A. Neuroprotective potential of cinnamon and its metabolites in Parkinson's disease: Mechanistic insights, limitations, and novel therapeutic opportunities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22720. [PMID: 33491302 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with obscure etiology and no disease-modifying therapy to date. Hence, novel, safe, and low cost-effective approaches employing medicinal plants are currently receiving increased attention. A growing body of evidence has revealed that cinnamon, being widely used as a spice of unique flavor and aroma, may exert neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In vitro evidence has indicated that the essential oils of Cinnamomum species, mainly cinnamaldehyde and sodium benzoate may protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and autophagy dysregulation, thus acting in a potentially neuroprotective manner. In vivo evidence has demonstrated that oral administration of cinnamon powder and sodium benzoate may protect against dopaminergic cell death, striatal neurotransmitter dysregulation, and motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse models of PD. The underlying mechanisms of its action include autophagy regulation, antioxidant effects, upregulation of Parkin, DJ-1, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as modulation of the TLR/NF-κB pathway and inhibition of the excessive proinflammatory responses. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cinnamon extracts may affect the oligomerization process and aggregation of α-synuclein. Herein, we discuss recent evidence on the novel therapeutic opportunities of this phytochemical against PD, indicating additional mechanistic aspects that should be explored, and potential obstacles/limitations that need to be overcome, for its inclusion in experimental PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam N Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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16
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Hu D, Cui Y, Zhang J. Nervonic acid amends motor disorder in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:237-246. [PMID: 34055392 PMCID: PMC8149914 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Previous studies have proved that nervonic acid (NA), extracted from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, has the potentials of neuroprotection. However, the effect of NA on the PD remained unknown. This study was designed to investigate the NA's potential function and relative mechanism on motor disorder. METHODS 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used for producing parkinsonism motor disorder on male C57BL/6 mice. Toxicity experiments and behavioral assay were performed to evaluate the effect of NA. Besides, the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein, as well as striatal dopamine (DA), serotonin, and their metabolites were explored through immunoblotting and chromatography after NA treatment in vivo. RESULTS We found that NA could alleviate the MPTP-induced behavioral deficits dose-dependently. Moreover, NA has no toxic effects on the mouse liver and kidney. Of note, we found that NA significantly reduced the impact of MPTP impairment and striatal DA, serotonin, and metabolites were remained unaffected. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase was upregulated while α-synuclein being downregulated and the oxidative stress was partially repressed evidenced by the upregulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity after NA treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings unveil NA's potential for protecting motor system against motor disorder in the PD mouse model without any side effects, indicating NA as an alternative strategy for PD symptom remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandong Hu
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Yanqing District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing Yanqing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Cui
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Yanqing District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing Yanqing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Falquetto B, Thieme K, Malta MB, e Rocha KC, Tuppy M, Potje SR, Antoniali C, Rodrigues AC, Munhoz CD, Moreira TS, Takakura AC. Oxidative stress in the medullary respiratory neurons contributes to respiratory dysfunction in the 6‐OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. J Physiol 2020; 598:5271-5293. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Falquetto
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Karina Thieme
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Marília B. Malta
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Karina C. e Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Marina Tuppy
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Simone R. Potje
- Department of Basic Sciences School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba SP 16015‐050 Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Department of Basic Sciences School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba SP 16015‐050 Brazil
| | - Alice C. Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Carolina D. Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Thiago S. Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Ana C. Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology Institute de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐000 Brazil
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Asih PR, Prikas E, Stefanoska K, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Ittner A. Functions of p38 MAP Kinases in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570586. [PMID: 33013322 PMCID: PMC7509416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions of p38 MAP kinases in cells of the central nervous system. Unique and specific functions of the four mammalian p38 kinases are found in all major cell types in the brain. Mechanisms of p38 activation and downstream phosphorylation substrates in these different contexts are outlined and how they contribute to functions of p38 in physiological and under disease conditions. Results in different model organisms demonstrated that p38 kinases are involved in cognitive functions, including functions related to anxiety, addiction behavior, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and decision making. Finally, the role of p38 kinases in psychiatric and neurological conditions and the current progress on therapeutic inhibitors targeting p38 kinases are covered and implicate p38 kinases in a multitude of CNS-related physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda R P Tan
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Xu Q, Chen Z, Zhu B, Wang G, Jia Q, Li Y, Wu X. A-Type Cinnamon Procyanidin Oligomers Protect Against 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice Through Inhibiting the P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/P53/BCL-2 Associated X Protein Signaling Pathway. J Nutr 2020; 150:1731-1737. [PMID: 32386222 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Cinnamon procyanidin oligomers (CPOs) are flavonoids with many claimed health benefits. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotection of A-type CPOs (CPO-A) and the underlying mechanisms in cultured cell and animal models of PD. METHODS Thirty male mice (C57BL/6, 9-wk old) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10), and were given daily gavage of saline [control and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) groups] or CPO-A (150 mg/kg, CPO-A group) during days 1-15 and daily intraperitoneal injections of saline (control group) or MPTP (20 mg/kg; MPTP and MPTP + CPO-A groups) during days 11-15. After the motor behavior test, all mice were killed on day 16 to collect the substantia nigra (SN) for assaying the neuroprotective effects of CPO-A. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 12.5 μM CPO-A for 2 h or 3 activators of stress-related kinases (5-25 μM) for 12-48 h followed by 1 mM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for assays of viability, morphology, and stress status. RESULTS Compared with the control, the MPTP treatment decreased (P < 0.05) locomotor activity by 21%, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons by 55% and Th mRNA concentration by 51% in the SN. The CPO-A treatment attenuated or restored (P < 0.05) these changes and inhibited (P < 0.05) the MPTP-induced activation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) and P53, along with the downstream expression of BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) in the SN. In SH-SY5Y cells, the CPO-A treatment blocked (P < 0.01) the MPP+-induced accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and neurotoxicity. However, this protection was abolished (P < 0.05) by activators of the P38MAPK/P53/BAX pathway. CONCLUSION CPO-A protected against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice by regulating the P38MAPK/P53/BAX signaling. Our findings reveal a novel role and mechanism of a food flavonoid CPO-A in preventing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Borong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaorui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Bi M, Du X, Jiao Q, Liu Z, Jiang H. α-Synuclein Regulates Iron Homeostasis via Preventing Parkin-Mediated DMT1 Ubiquitylation in Parkinson's Disease Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1682-1691. [PMID: 32379419 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism imbalance plays a key role in the neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease (PD), thus iron homeostasis should be tightly controlled by iron transporters. α-Synuclein (α-Syn) serves as a ferrireductase and iron-binding protein, which is supposed to be linked with iron metabolism, but little is known about how α-Syn affects iron homeostasis in PD. Our previous findings that up-regulation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) accounted for the nigral iron accumulation in PD raised the question whether α-Syn disturbed iron homeostasis by modulating DMT1 expression. Using α-Syn overexpressed SH-SY5Y cells and mutant human A53T α-Syn transgenic mice, we found that α-Syn could up-regulate DMT1 protein levels, followed by enhanced ferrous iron influx and subsequent aggravated oxidative stress injury. Mechanistic studies identified that α-Syn-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation phosphorylated parkin at Ser131, which inactivated parkin's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and further reduced DMT1 ubiquitylation level. Our findings revealed that α-Syn affected brain iron homeostasis through modulating DMT1 protein stability and altering cellular iron uptake, which might provide direct evidence for the involvement of α-Syn in iron metabolism dysfunction and provide insight into PD-associated nigral iron deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Bi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Karim MR, Liao EE, Kim J, Meints J, Martinez HM, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Lee MK. α-Synucleinopathy associated c-Abl activation causes p53-dependent autophagy impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:27. [PMID: 32299471 PMCID: PMC7164361 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies link c-Abl activation with the accumulation of pathogenic α-synuclein (αS) and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase activated by cellular stress, is thought to promote αS pathology by either directly phosphorylating αS or by causing autophagy deficits. METHODS αS overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice were used in this study. A53T Tg mice that express high levels of human mutant A53TαS under the control of prion protein promoter. Two different approaches were used in this study. Natural aging and seeding model of synucleinopathy. In seeding model, intracortical/intrastriatal (IC/IS) stereotaxic injection of toxic lysates was done using tissue lysates from end-stage symptomatic mice. In this study, nilotinib and pifithrin-α was used as a c-Abl and p53 inhibitor, respectively. Both Tg and non-transgenic (nTg) mice from each group were subjected to nilotinib (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (DMSO) treatment. Frozen brain tissues from PD and control human cases were analyzed. In vitro cells study was implied for c-Abl/p53 genetic manipulation to uncover signal transduction. RESULTS Herein, we show that the pathologic effects of c-Abl in PD also involve activation of p53, as c-Abl activation in a transgenic mouse model of α-synucleinopathy (TgA53T) and human PD cases are associated with the increased p53 activation. Significantly, active p53 in TgA53T neurons accumulates in the cytosol, which may lead to inhibition of autophagy. Thus, we hypothesized that c-Abl-dependent p53 activation contributes to autophagy impairment in α-synucleinopathy. In support of the hypothesis, we show that c-Abl activation is sufficient to inhibit autophagy in p53-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of either c-Abl, using nilotinib, or p53, using pifithrin-α, was sufficient to increase autophagic flux in neuronal cells by inducing phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), ULK1 activation, and down-regulation of mTORC1 signaling. Finally, we show that pharmacological attenuation of c-Abl activity by nilotinib treatment in the TgA53T mouse model reduces activation of p53, stimulates autophagy, decreases accumulation αS pathology, and delays disease onset. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data show that c-Abl activation by α-synucleinopathy causes p53 dependent autophagy deficits and both c-Abl and p53 represent therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Razaul Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Elly E. Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
- Present Address: Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068 South Korea
| | - Joyce Meints
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | | | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
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Fazzari M, Audano M, Lunghi G, Di Biase E, Loberto N, Mauri L, Mitro N, Sonnino S, Chiricozzi E. The oligosaccharide portion of ganglioside GM1 regulates mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:293-306. [PMID: 32266604 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The crucial role of ganglioside GM1 in the regulation of neural homeostasis has been assessed by several studies. Recently we shed new light on the molecular basis underlying GM1 effects demonstrating that GM1 oligosaccharide directly binds TrkA receptor and triggers MAPK pathway activation leading to neuronal differentiation and protection. Following its exogenous administration, proteomic analysis revealed an increased expression of proteins involved in several biochemical mechanisms, including mitochondrial bioenergetics. Based on these data, we investigated the possible effect of GM1 oligosaccharide administration on mitochondrial function. We show that wild-type Neuro2a cells exposed to GM1 oligosaccharide displayed an increased mitochondrial density and an enhanced mitochondrial activity together with reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Interestingly, using a Neuro2a model of mitochondrial dysfunction, we found an increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate as well as increased complex I and II activities upon GM1 oligosaccharide administration. Taken together, our data identify GM1 oligosaccharide as a mitochondrial regulator that by acting at the plasma membrane level triggers biochemical signaling pathway inducing mitochondriogenesis and increasing mitochondrial activity. Although further studies are necessary, the capability to enhance the function of impaired mitochondria points to the therapeutic potential of the GM1 oligosaccharide for the treatment of pathologies where these organelles are compromised, including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fazzari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Erika Di Biase
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy.
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy.
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23
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Iba M, Kim C, Florio J, Mante M, Adame A, Rockenstein E, Kwon S, Rissman R, Masliah E. Role of Alterations in Protein Kinase p38γ in the Pathogenesis of the Synaptic Pathology in Dementia With Lewy Bodies and α-Synuclein Transgenic Models. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:286. [PMID: 32296304 PMCID: PMC7138105 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of the pre-synaptic protein α-synuclein (α-syn) has been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy. While the precise mechanisms are not fully understood, alterations in kinase pathways including that of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 have been proposed to play a role. In AD, p38α activation has been linked to neuro-inflammation while alterations in p38γ have been associated with tau phosphorylation. Although p38 has been studied in AD, less is known about its role in DLB/PD and other α-synucleinopathies. For this purpose, we investigated the expression of the p38 family in brains from α-syn overexpressing transgenic mice (α-syn Tg: Line 61) and patients with DLB/PD. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in healthy human controls and non-Tg mice, p38α associated with neurons and astroglial cells and p38γ localized to pre-synaptic terminals. In DLB and α-syn Tg brains, however, p38α levels were increased in astroglial cells while p38γ immunostaining was redistributed from the synaptic terminals to the neuronal cell bodies. Double immunolabeling further showed that p38γ colocalized with α-syn aggregates in DLB patients, and immunoblot and qPCR analysis confirmed the increased levels of p38α and p38γ. α1-syntrophin, a synaptic target of p38γ, was present in the neuropil and some neuronal cell bodies in human controls and non-Tg mice. In DLB and and Tg mice, however, α1-syntrophin was decreased in the neuropil and instead colocalized with α-syn in intra-neuronal inclusions. In agreement with these findings, in vitro studies showed that α-syn co-immunoprecipitates with p38γ, but not p38α. These results suggest that α-syn might interfere with the p38γ pathway and play a role in the mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction in DLB/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jazmin Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Torii S, Kasai S, Yoshida T, Yasumoto KI, Shimizu S. Mitochondrial E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin: Relationships with Other Causal Proteins in Familial Parkinson's Disease and Its Substrate-Involved Mouse Experimental Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041202. [PMID: 32054064 PMCID: PMC7072767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent identification of genes linked to familial forms of PD has revealed that post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of proteins, are key factors in disease pathogenesis. In PD, E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and the serine/threonine-protein kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) mediate the mitophagy pathway for mitochondrial quality control via phosphorylation and ubiquitination of their substrates. In this review, we first focus on well-characterized PINK1 phosphorylation motifs. Second, we describe our findings concerning relationships between Parkin and HtrA2/Omi, a protein involved in familial PD. Third, we describe our findings regarding inhibitory PAS (Per/Arnt/Sim) domain protein (IPAS), a member of PINK1 and Parkin substrates, involved in neurodegeneration during PD. IPAS is a dual-function protein involved in transcriptional repression of hypoxic responses and the pro-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-4797; Fax: +81-3-5803-4821
| | - Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yasumoto
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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25
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Mercatelli D, Bezard E, Eleopra R, Zaveri NT, Morari M. Managing Parkinson's disease: moving ON with NOP. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:28-47. [PMID: 31648371 PMCID: PMC6976791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioid-like neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor (NOP receptor) contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor complications associated with levodopa therapy. The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system is expressed in cortical and subcortical motor areas and, notably, in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta. Dopamine depletion, as in rodent models of PD results in up-regulation of N/OFQ transmission in the substantia nigra and down-regulation of N/OFQ transmission in the striatum. Consistent with this, NOP receptor antagonists relieve motor deficits in PD models by reinstating the physiological balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs impinging on nigro-thalamic GABAergic neurons. NOP receptor antagonists also counteract the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, possibly by attenuating the excitotoxicity or modulating the immune response. Conversely, NOP receptor agonists attenuate levodopa-induced dyskinesia by attenuating the hyperactivation of striatal D1 receptor signalling in neurons of the direct striatonigral pathway. The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system might represent a novel target in the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of PharmacologyUniversity of Ferrara and National Institute of NeuroscienceFerraraItaly
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5293BordeauxFrance
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Neurology Unit 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Nurulain T. Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, Medicinal Chemistry DivisionMountain ViewCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of PharmacologyUniversity of Ferrara and National Institute of NeuroscienceFerraraItaly
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The Role of Signaling Pathways of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Development of Senescence and Aging Phenotypes in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111383. [PMID: 31689891 PMCID: PMC6912541 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASK1-signalosome→p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK signaling networks promote senescence (in vitro) and aging (in vivo, animal models and human cohorts) in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. These networks contribute to the promotion of age-associated cardiovascular diseases of oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, their inhibition delays the onset of these cardiovascular diseases as well as senescence and aging. In this review we focus on whether the (a) ASK1-signalosome, a major center of distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress signals, plays a role in the promotion of cardiovascular diseases of oxidative stress and inflammation; (b) The ASK1-signalosome links ROS signals generated by dysfunctional mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes to the p38 MAPK stress response pathway; (c) the pathway contributes to the sensitivity and vulnerability of aged tissues to diseases of oxidative stress; and (d) the importance of inhibitors of these pathways to the development of cardioprotection and pharmaceutical interventions. We propose that the ASK1-signalosome regulates the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The resultant attenuation of the physiological characteristics of cardiomyopathies and aging by inhibition of the ASK1-signalosome network lends support to this conclusion. Importantly the ROS-mediated activation of the ASK1-signalosome p38 MAPK pathway suggests it is a major center of dissemination of the ROS signals that promote senescence, aging and cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacological intervention is, therefore, feasible through the continued identification of potent, non-toxic small molecule inhibitors of either ASK1 or p38 MAPK activity. This is a fruitful future approach to the attenuation of physiological aspects of mammalian cardiomyopathies and aging.
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Shaping the Nrf2-ARE-related pathways in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100942. [PMID: 31415806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A failure in redox homeostasis is a common hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), two age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), causing increased oxidative stress, oxidized/damaged biomolecules, altered neuronal function and consequent cell death. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-regulated transcription factor, results in upregulation of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes/proteins, protecting against oxidative stress. Nrf2 regulation is achieved by various proteins and pathways, at both cytoplasmatic and nuclear level; however, the elaborate network of mechanisms involved in Nrf2 regulation may restrain Nrf2 pathway normal activity. Indeed, altered Nrf2 activity is involved in aging and NDD, such as AD and PD. Therefore, understanding the diversity of Nrf2 control mechanisms and regulatory proteins is of high interest, since more effective NDD therapeutics can be identified. In this review, we first introduce Keap1-Nrf2-ARE structure, function and regulation, with a special focus on the several pathways involved in Nrf2 positive and negative modulation, namely p62, PKC, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, NF-kB and p38 MAPK. We then briefly describe the evidences for oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway deregulation in different stages of NDDs. Finally, we discuss the potential of Nrf2-related pathways as potential therapeutic targets to possibly prevent or slowdown NDD progression.
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28
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Liu Y, Zong X, Huang J, Guan Y, Li Y, Du T, Liu K, Kang X, Dou C, Sun X, Wu R, Wen L, Zhang Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates prefrontal cortical GABAergic transmission in MPTP-treated mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5008-5034. [PMID: 31314744 PMCID: PMC6682523 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, featured by motor deficits and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive impairment, and malfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibitory transmission plays an important role in PD pathogenesis. The ginsenoside Rb1 molecule, a major constituent of the extract from the Ginseng root, has been demonstrated to ameliorate motor deficits and prevent dopaminergic neuron death in PD. However, whether Rb1 can regulate GABAergic transmission in PD-associated deficits and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of Rb1 on the GABAergic synaptic transmission in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. We demonstrated that Rb1 can bind with GABAARα1 and increase its expression in the SH-SY5Y cells and in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of MPTP model in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Rb1 can promote prefrontal cortical GABA level and GABAergic transmission in MPTP-treated mice. We also revealed that Rb1 may suppress presynaptic GABABR1 to enhance GABA release and GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory transmission. In addition, Rb1 attenuated MPTP-induced dysfunctional gait dynamic and cognitive impairment, and this neuroprotective mechanism possibly involved regulating prefrontal cortical GABAergic transmission. Thus, Rb1 may serve as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaodan Zong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yanfei Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuanquan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Keyin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinpan Kang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chunyan Dou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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29
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Martín-Segura A, Casadomé-Perales Á, Fazzari P, Mas JM, Artigas L, Valls R, Nebreda AR, Dotti CG. Aging Increases Hippocampal DUSP2 by a Membrane Cholesterol Loss-Mediated RTK/p38MAPK Activation Mechanism. Front Neurol 2019; 10:675. [PMID: 31293510 PMCID: PMC6603139 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that the increased activity of p38MAPK plays an important role in the abnormal immune and inflammatory response observed in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, high levels of p38MAPK are present in the brain during normal aging, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that keep the p38MAPK-regulated pro-inflammatory activity within physiological limits. In this study, we show that high p38MAPK activity in the hippocampus of old mice is in part due to the reduction in membrane cholesterol that constitutively occurs in the aging brain. Mechanistically, membrane cholesterol reduction increases p38MAPK activity through the stimulation of a subset of tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs). In turn, activated p38MAPK increases the expression and activity of the phosphatase DUSP2, which is known to reduce the activity of different MAPKs, including p38MAPK. These results suggest that the loss of membrane cholesterol that constitutively occurs with age takes part in a negative-feedback loop that keeps p38MAPK activity levels within physiological range. Thus, conditions that increase p38MAPK activity such as cellular stressors or that inhibit DUSP2 will amplify inflammatory activity with its consequent deleterious functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Martín-Segura
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Álvaro Casadomé-Perales
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pietro Fazzari
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Kumar M, Kulshrestha R, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Expanding spectrum of anticancer drug, imatinib, in the disorders affecting brain and spinal cord. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:86-96. [PMID: 30902661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is used as a first line drug in the treatment of Philadelphia-chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Being tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib modulates the activities of Abelson gene (c-Abl), Abelson related gene (ARG), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), lymphocyte-specific protein (Lck), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain (AICD), α-synuclein and the stem-cell factor receptor (c-kit). Studies have shown the role of imatinib in modulating the pathophysiological state of a number of disorders affecting brain and spinal cord such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. The present review discusses the role of imatinib in the above described disorders and the possible mechanisms involved in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | | | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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31
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NADPH ameliorates MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration through inhibiting p38MAPK activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:180-191. [PMID: 29769744 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Although the pathogenic mechanism underlying PD remains largely unknown, decreased nigral glutathione (GSH) in postmortem brains of PD patients supports the presence of oxidative stress in PD. We found that Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is important for maintaining the level of GSH, protected dopaminergic (DA) neurons from neurotoxicity of MPTP/MPP+. In the present study, NADPH prevented DA neurons from MPTP toxicity with increased GSH and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the ventral midbrain of mice, and improved motor activity. Our present results demonstrated that NADPH inhibited the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, decreased the level of TP53 protein, and inhibited TP53 nuclear translocation in DA neurons of SNpc and in MES23.5 cells. Furthermore, NADPH decreased the protein level of TP53 target gene, Bax, cleavage of PARP, and nuclei condensation. Taken together, NADPH abrogated MPTP-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation, TP53 nuclear translocation, and Bax induction, and finally, MPTP/MPP+-induced apoptosis of DA neurons. This study suggests that NADPH may be a novel therapeutic candidate for PD.
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32
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Mercatelli D, Pisanò CA, Novello S, Morari M. NOP Receptor Ligands and Parkinson's Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:213-232. [PMID: 30689087 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its NOP receptor are highly expressed in motor areas of the rodent, nonhuman, and human primate brain, such as primary motor cortex, thalamus, globus pallidus, striatum, and substantia nigra. Endogenous N/OFQ negatively regulates motor behavior and dopamine transmission through NOP receptors expressed by dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta. Consistent with the existence of an N/OFQ tone over dopaminergic transmission, blockade of NOP receptor antagonists increases striatal dopamine release. In this chapter, we will review the evidence linking the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system to Parkinson's disease (PD). We will first discuss data showing that the central N/OFQ-NOP receptor system undergoes plastic changes in different basal ganglia nuclei following dopamine depletion. Then we will show that NOP receptor antagonists relieve motor deficits in different rodent and nonhuman primate models of PD. Mechanistically, NOP receptor blockade in substantia nigra reticulata results in rebalancing of the inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic inputs impinging on nigro-thalamic GABAergic neurons, leading to thalamic disinhibition. We will also present data showing that, in addition to motor symptoms, N/OFQ also plays a role in the parkinsonian neurodegeneration. In fact, NOP receptor antagonists possess neuroprotective/neurorescue properties in in vitro and in vivo models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clarissa Anna Pisanò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Novello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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33
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Eum WS, Shin MJ, Lee CH, Yeo HJ, Yeo EJ, Choi YJ, Kwon HJ, Kim DS, Kwon OS, Lee KW, Han KH, Park J, Kim DW, Choi SY. Neuroprotective effects of Tat-ATOX1 protein against MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell deaths and in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Biochimie 2019; 156:158-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Bachiller S, Jiménez-Ferrer I, Paulus A, Yang Y, Swanberg M, Deierborg T, Boza-Serrano A. Microglia in Neurological Diseases: A Road Map to Brain-Disease Dependent-Inflammatory Response. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:488. [PMID: 30618635 PMCID: PMC6305407 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a potent inflammatory response. Microglia are also involved in synaptic organization, trophic neuronal support during development, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the developing brain, myelin turnover, control of neuronal excitability, phagocytic debris removal as well as brain protection and repair. Microglial response is pathology dependent and affects to immune, metabolic. In this review, we will shed light on microglial activation depending on the disease context and the influence of factors such as aging, environment or cell-to-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bachiller
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Itzia Jiménez-Ferrer
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnes Paulus
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Swanberg
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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35
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Chi H, Chang HY, Sang TK. Neuronal Cell Death Mechanisms in Major Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3082. [PMID: 30304824 PMCID: PMC6213751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death in the central nervous system has always been a challenging process to decipher. In normal physiological conditions, neuronal cell death is restricted in the adult brain, even in aged individuals. However, in the pathological conditions of various neurodegenerative diseases, cell death and shrinkage in a specific region of the brain represent a fundamental pathological feature across different neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will briefly go through the general pathways of cell death and describe evidence for cell death in the context of individual common neurodegenerative diseases, discussing our current understanding of cell death by connecting with renowned pathogenic proteins, including Tau, amyloid-beta, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin and TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yun Chang
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Kang Sang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
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Bohush A, Niewiadomska G, Filipek A. Role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102973. [PMID: 30274251 PMCID: PMC6213537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by insufficient dopamine production due to the loss of 50% to 70% of dopaminergic neurons. A shortage of dopamine, which is predominantly produced by the dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra, causes clinical symptoms such as reduction of muscle mass, impaired body balance, akinesia, bradykinesia, tremors, postural instability, etc. Lastly, this can lead to a total loss of physical movement and death. Since no cure for PD has been developed up to now, researchers using cell cultures and animal models focus their work on searching for potential therapeutic targets in order to develop effective treatments. In recent years, genetic studies have prominently advocated for the role of improper protein phosphorylation caused by a dysfunction in kinases and/or phosphatases as an important player in progression and pathogenesis of PD. Thus, in this review, we focus on the role of selected MAP kinases such as JNKs, ERK1/2, and p38 MAP kinases in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Bohush
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhou Y, Wu J, Sheng R, Li M, Wang Y, Han R, Han F, Chen Z, Qin ZH. Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Inhibits MPTP-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 2018; 391:140-153. [PMID: 30195055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is generally believed that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) has been demonstrated to have potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. In the present research, we investigated if NADPH could offer neuroprotection by inhibiting glia-mediated neuroinflammation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a mechanism contributing to PD pathogenesis. The current data demonstrated that MPTP/MPP+ increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activated glial cells, and inflammasome proteins in the substantia nigra (SNpc), in addition to inducing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These responses were inhibited by supplementation of exogenous NADPH. Moreover, NADPH effectively decreased MPP+-induced excessive production of ROS, p38 phosphorylation and inflammatory protein of Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) in cultured microglial BV-2 cells in vitro studies. Similarly, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 suppressed the upregulation of MPP+-induced p38 phosphorylation and COX2 protein levels. Co-culture of neuronal cells with MPP+-primed BV-2 cells increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and induced cell death of neuronal cells. These effects were diminished by TNF-α neutralizing antibody and NADPH. NADPH reduced motor dysfunction and the loss of dopaminergic (DA) cells induced by MPTP. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that NADPH protects DA neurons by inhibiting oxidative stress and glia-mediated neuroinflammation both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting a potential of clinical application for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Obergasteiger J, Frapporti G, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Volta M. A new hypothesis for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis: GTPase-p38 MAPK signaling and autophagy as convergence points of etiology and genomics. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:40. [PMID: 30071902 PMCID: PMC6090926 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of genetics and genomics in Parkinson´s disease has recently begun to unveil molecular mechanisms possibly underlying disease onset and progression. In particular, catabolic processes such as autophagy have been increasingly gaining relevance as post-mortem evidence and experimental models suggested a participation in neurodegeneration and alpha-synuclein Lewy body pathology. In addition, familial Parkinson´s disease linked to LRRK2 and alpha-synuclein provided stronger correlation between etiology and alterations in autophagy. More detailed cellular pathways are proposed and genetic risk factors that associate with idiopathic Parkinson´s disease provide further clues in dissecting contributions of single players. Nevertheless, the fine-tuning of these processes remains elusive, as the initial stages of the pathways are not yet clarified.In this review, we collect literature evidence pointing to autophagy as the common, downstream target of Parkinsonian dysfunctions and augment current knowledge on the factors that direct the subsequent steps. Cell and molecular biology evidence indicate that p38 signaling underlies neurodegeneration and autoptic observations suggest a participation in neuropathology. Moreover, alpha-synuclein and LRRK2 also appear involved in the p38 pathway with additional roles in the regulation of GTPase signaling. Small GTPases are critical modulators of p38 activation and thus, their functional interaction with aSyn and LRRK2 could explain much of the detailed mechanics of autophagy in Parkinson´s disease.We propose a novel hypothesis for a more comprehensive working model where autophagy is controlled by upstream pathways, such as GTPase-p38, that have been so far underexplored in this context. In addition, etiological factors (LRRK2, alpha-synuclein) and risk loci might also combine in this common mechanism, providing a powerful experimental setting to dissect the cause of both familial and idiopathic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Obergasteiger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research – Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Frapporti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research – Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research – Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Via Böhler 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research – Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mattia Volta
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research – Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Sidarala V, Kowluru A. Exposure to chronic hyperglycemic conditions results in Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-mediated activation of p53 and ATM kinase in pancreatic β-cells. Apoptosis 2018; 22:597-607. [PMID: 28220272 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia (HG) promotes pancreatic islet dysfunction which leads to the onset of T2DM. This study is aimed at defining regulatory roles of Rac1, a small G-protein, in the activation of p53 and ATM kinase in pancreatic β-cells, under the duress of HG conditions. We report significant stimulatory effects of HG (20 mM; 24 h) on p53 activation in INS-1 832/13 cells, normal rodent and human islets. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 (EHT1864 or NSC23766) significantly suppressed HG-induced p53 activation in INS-1 832/13 cells and rat islets, suggesting novel roles for this small G-protein in the activation of p53. Inhibition of Rac1 geranylgeranylation with simvastatin or GGTI-2147, significantly attenuated HG-induced p53 activation, suggesting requisite roles for this signaling step in HG-mediated effects on β-cells. HG-induced p53 activation was also suppressed by SB203580, a known inhibitor of p38MAPK. Additionally, we observed increased activation of ATM kinase under HG conditions, which was blocked in presence of EHT1864. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of ATM kinase (KU55933) reduced activation of ATM kinase, but not p53, suggesting that HG-mediated activation of p53 and ATM could represent independent pro-apoptotic events. In conclusion, these data indicate that sustained activation of Rac1-p38MAPK signaling axis leads to activation of p53 leading to β-cell dysfunction under the duress of chronic hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sidarala
- Beta-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, B-4237 Research Service, 4646 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-1912, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Beta-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, B-4237 Research Service, 4646 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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40
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Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Choi DY, Jeong HS, Kim TH, Lee TH, Kim YM, Moon DB, Park SS, Kim SY, Oh KW, Hwang DY, Han SB, Lee HJ, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of thiacremonone on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration through inhibition of p38 activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46943-46958. [PMID: 27409674 PMCID: PMC5216915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Sulfur compounds extracted from garlic have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we have investigated that thiacremonone, a sulfur compound isolated from garlic has anti-inflammatory effects on several inflammatory disease models. To investigate the protective effect of thiacremonone against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neurodegeneration, 8 week old ICR mice were given thiacremonone (10 mg/kg) in drinking water for 1 month and received intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (15 mg/kg, four times with 2 h interval) during the last 7 days of treatment. Our data showed that thiacremonone decreased MPTP-induced behavioral impairments (Rotarod test, Pole test, and Gait test), dopamine depletion and microglia and astrocytes activations as well as neuroinflammation. Higher activation of p38 was found in the substantia nigra and striatum after MPTP injection, but p38 activation was reduced in thiacremonone treated group. In an in vitro study, thiacremonone (1, 2, and 5 μg/ml) effectively decreased MPP+ (0.5 mM)-induced glial activation, inflammatory mediators generation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. Moreover, treatment of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μM) further inhibited thiacremonone induced reduction of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory compound, thiacremonone, inhibited neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration through inhibition of p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- College of Agriculture, Life and Environments Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Kasai S, Richardson MJE, Torii S, Yasumoto KI, Shima H, Igarashi K, Itoh K, Sogawa K, Murayama K. Increase in proapoptotic activity of inhibitory PAS domain protein via phosphorylation by MK2. FEBS J 2017; 284:4115-4127. [PMID: 29054108 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory PAS domain protein (IPAS) is a bifunctional protein that downregulates hypoxic gene expression and exerts proapoptotic activity by preventing prosurvival activity of Bcl-xL and its related factors. Proapoptotic activity of IPAS is attenuated by the activation of the PINK1-Parkin pathway, and involved in neuronal degeneration in an experimental mouse model of Parkinson's disease. The current study shows that phosphorylation of IPAS at Ser184 by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2 or MAPKAPK2) enhances the proapoptotic function of IPAS. Perinuclear clustering of mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 caused by the transient expression of EGFP-IPAS were increased by UVB irradiation. The C-terminal region of IPAS mediated the UVB susceptibility of IPAS. Increase in IPAS-induced mitochondrial clustering by UVB was completly inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Mass spectrometry analysis of UVB-activated IPAS identified several phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region containing p38 MAPK consensus phosphorylation sites at Ser219 and Ser223, and an MK2 consensus site at Ser184. Although mutations of Ser219 and Ser223 to Ala did not suppress the UVB-induced mitochondrial clustering, replacement of Ser184 with Ala blocked it. A phosphomimetic substitution at Ser184 enhanced mitochondrial clustering and activation of caspase-3 without UVB exposure. Furthermore, binding affinity to Bcl-xL was increased by the mutation. Treatment of PC12 cells with CoCl2 caused activation of MK2 and mitochondrial clustering. IPAS-dependent cell death induced by CoCl2 in PC12 cells was decreased by the treatment with the MK2 inhibitor MK2 inhibitor III and by siRNA-directed silencing of MK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mary J E Richardson
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yasumoto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sogawa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Lu T, Kim P, Luo Y. Tp53 gene mediates distinct dopaminergic neuronal damage in different dopaminergic neurotoxicant models. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1413-1417. [PMID: 29089978 PMCID: PMC5649453 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tp53, a stress response gene, is involved in diverse cell death pathways and its activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, whether the neuronal Tp53 protein plays a direct role in regulating dopaminergic (DA) neuronal cell death or neuronal terminal damage in different neurotoxicant models is unknown. In our recent studies, in contrast to the global inhibition of Tp53 function by pharmacological inhibitors and in traditional Tp53 knock-out mice, we examined the effects of DA-specific Tp53 gene deletion after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and methamphetamine exposure. Our data suggests that the Tp53 gene might be involved in both neuronal apoptosis and neuronal terminal damage caused by different neurotoxicants. Additional results from other studies also suggest that as a master regulator of many pathways that regulate apoptosis and synaptic terminal damage, it is possible that Tp53 may function as a signaling hub to integrate different signaling pathways to mediate distinctive target pathways. Tp53 protein as a signaling hub might be able to evaluate the microenvironment of neurons, assess the forms and severities of injury incurred, and determine whether apoptotic cell death or neuronal terminal degeneration occurs. Identification of the precise mechanisms activated in distinct neuronal damage caused by different forms and severities of injuries might allow for development of specific Tp53 inhibitors or ways to modulate distinct downstream target pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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43
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Lopes FM, Bristot IJ, da Motta LL, Parsons RB, Klamt F. Mimicking Parkinson's Disease in a Dish: Merits and Pitfalls of the Most Commonly used Dopaminergic In Vitro Models. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:241-255. [PMID: 28721669 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and has both unknown etiology and non-curative therapeutic options. Patients begin to present the classic motor symptoms of PD-tremor at rest, bradykinesia and rigidity-once 50-70% of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway have degenerated. As a consequence of this, it is difficult to investigate the early-stage events of disease pathogenesis. In vitro experimental models are used extensively in PD research because they present a controlled environment that enables the direct investigation of the early molecular mechanisms that are potentially involved with dopaminergic degeneration, as well as for the screening of potential therapeutic drugs. However, the establishment of PD in vitro models is a controversial issue for neuroscience research not only because it is challenging to mimic, in isolated cell systems, the physiological neuronal environment, but also the pathophysiological conditions experienced by human dopaminergic cells in vivo during the progression of the disease. Since no previous work has attempted to systematically review the literature regarding the establishment of an optimal in vitro model, and/or the features presented by available models used in the PD field, this review aims to summarize the merits and limitations of the most widely used dopaminergic in vitro models in PD research, which may help the PD researcher to choose the most appropriate model for studies directed at the elucidation of the early-stage molecular events underlying PD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Martins Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Ivi Juliana Bristot
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lisbôa da Motta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Fabio Klamt
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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44
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Kang UB, Marto JA. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and Parkinson's disease. Proteomics 2016; 17. [PMID: 27723254 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large multidomain protein that is expressed in many tissues and participates in numerous biological pathways. Mutations in LRRK2 are recognized as genetic risk factors for familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and may also represent causal factors in the more common sporadic form of PD. The structure of LRRK2 comprises a combination of GTPase, kinase, and scaffolding domains. This functional diversity, combined with a potentially central role in genetic and idiopathic PD motivates significant effort to further credential LRRK2 as a therapeutic target. Here, we review the current understanding for LRRK2 function in normal physiology and PD, with emphasis on insight gained from proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Beom Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Maphis N, Jiang S, Xu G, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Roy SM, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM, Lamb BT, Bhaskar K. Selective suppression of the α isoform of p38 MAPK rescues late-stage tau pathology. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:54. [PMID: 27974048 PMCID: PMC5157054 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. We previously demonstrated that the microglial activation induces tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the hTau mouse model of tauopathy that was deficient for microglial fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. METHOD We report an isoform-selective, brain-permeable, and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of p38α MAPK (MW181) and its effects on tau phosphorylation in vitro and in hTau mice. RESULTS First, pretreatment of mouse primary cortical neurons with MW181 completely blocked inflammation-induced p38α MAPK activation and AT8 (pS199/pS202) site tau phosphorylation, with the maximum effect peaking at 60-90 min after stimulation. Second, treatment of old (~20 months of age) hTau mice with MW181 (1 mg/kg body weight; 14 days via oral gavage) significantly reduced p38α MAPK activation compared with vehicle-administered hTau mice. This also resulted in a significant reduction in AT180 (pT231) site tau phosphorylation and Sarkosyl-insoluble tau aggregates. Third, MW181 treatment significantly increased synaptophysin protein expression and resulted in improved working memory. Fourth, MW181 administration reduced phosphorylated MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (pMK2) and phosphorylated activating transcription factor 2 (pATF2), which are known substrates of p38α MAPK. Finally, MW181 reduced the expression of interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies support p38α MAPK as a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Maphis
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MSC08 4660, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Shanya Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MSC08 4660, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guixiang Xu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, 320W 15th Street, NB Suite 414C, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neurosciences, The Ohio State University, 4198 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ward Building Room Mail Code W896, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - D Martin Watterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ward Building Room Mail Code W896, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, 320W 15th Street, NB Suite 414C, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MSC08 4660, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Xiang J, Cai M, Yu Z, Li X, Wu T, Cai D. Neuroprotective Effects of Echinacoside on Regulating the Stress-Active p38MAPK and NF-κB p52 Signals in the Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:975-985. [PMID: 27981472 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have long been used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). To systematically analyze the anti-parkinsonian activity of echinacoside (ECH) in a neurotoxic model of PD and provide a future basis for basic and clinical investigations, male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into blank control, PD model and ECH-administration groups. ECH significantly suppressed the dopaminergic neuron loss (P < 0.01) caused by MPTP and maintained dopamine content (P < 0.01) and dopamine metabolite content (P < 0.05) compared with that measured in mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced damage. Additionally, ECH inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra, which suggested the involvement of neuroinflammation. The relevant cytokines were detected with a Proteome Profiler Array, which confirmed that ECH participated in the regulation of seven cytokines. Given that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signals are considered to be closely related to neuroninflammation, the gene expression levels of p38MAPK and six NF-κB DNA-binding subunits were assessed. Western blotting analysis showed that both p38MAPK and the NF-κB p52 subunit were upregulated in the MPTP group and that ECH downregulated their expressions. Minocycline was administered as the positive control to inhibit neuroinflammation, and no differences were detected between the minocycline- and ECH-mediated inhibition of the p38MAPK and NF-κB p52 signals. In conclusion, echinacoside is a potential novel orally active compound for regulating neuroinflammation and related signals in Parkinson's disease and may provide a new prospect for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhonghai Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingfang Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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47
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Hwang CJ, Kim YE, Son DJ, Park MH, Choi DY, Park PH, Hellström M, Han SB, Oh KW, Park EK, Hong JT. Parkin deficiency exacerbate ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration by P38 pathway dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2016; 11:456-468. [PMID: 28086194 PMCID: PMC5226672 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkin (which encoded by Park2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is the most frequently mutated gene that has casually been linked to autosomal recessive early onset familial PD. We tested the effect of Park2 on ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Park2 knockout (KO) transgenic mice after chronic ethanol feeding. Male Park2 wild type (WT) and KO mice (8 weeks old) were fed on a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 6.6% ethanol for 2 weeks, and compared their responses. We found that knockout of Park2 exacerbates ethanol-induced behavioral impairment as well as dopamine depletion. In the mechanism study, we found that knockout of Park2 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitophagy formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, but decreased expression of pro-autophagic proteins. Knockout of Park2 also increased ethanol-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, ROS production, mitophagy formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins were increased, but expression of pro-autophagic proteins were decreased by a treatment of ethanol (100 μM) in Park2 siRNA-transfacted PC12 cells (5 μM). Moreover, the exacerbating effects of Park2 deletion on ethanol-induced ROS generation, mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction as well as cell death were reduced by p38 specific inhibitor (SB203580) in in vitro (10 μM) and in vivo 10 mg/kg). Park2 deficiency exacerbates ethanol-induced dopaminergic neuron damage through p38 kinase dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function. EtOH consumption can induce the ROS formation through activation of p38 MAPK. ROS can cause the neurodegeneration through inhibition of the autophagy system. Park2 knock down amplifies EtOH-induced decrement of autophagy. Park2 knock down amplifies EtOH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Park2 has a neuroprotective effect against ROS mediated damage of neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Rep. of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Collins LM, Dal Bo G, Calcagno M, Monzón-Sandoval J, Sullivan AM, Gutierrez H, Morari M, O'Keeffe GW. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Inhibits the Survival and Axon Growth of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Through a p38-MAPK Dependent Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:7284-7297. [PMID: 26687234 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an opioid-like neuropeptide that binds and signals through a G-protein-coupled receptor called the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor. N/OFQ and the NOP receptor are expressed in the midbrain and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic removal of the N/OFQ precursor partially protects midbrain dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced toxicity, suggesting that endogenous N/OFQ may be detrimental to dopaminergic neurons. However, whether N/OFQ directly affects the survival and growth of dopaminergic neurons is unknown. Here, we show that N/OFQ has a detrimental effect on the survival of dopaminergic neurons and the growth of their axons in primary cultures of the E14 rat ventral mesencephalon. N/OFQ potentiates the effects of the neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium through p38-MAPK signalling. We also show that like α-synuclein, there is a significant reduction in N/OFQ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the midbrain of patients with Parkinson's disease. These results demonstrate for the first time that N/OFQ is detrimental to the survival and growth of dopaminergic neurons and that its expression is altered in the midbrain of patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Giorgia Dal Bo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Calcagno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jimena Monzón-Sandoval
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, UK
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Humberto Gutierrez
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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49
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Yeung PKK, Lai AKW, Son HJ, Zhang X, Hwang O, Chung SSM, Chung SK. Aldose reductase deficiency leads to oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss and autophagic abnormality in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 50:119-133. [PMID: 27960106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fungicide exposure causes degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD). Benomyl inhibits enzymes responsible for detoxifying the reactive dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. Aldose reductase (AR) is known as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) reductase that generates BH4, a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) involved in dopamine synthesis. AR also acts as an aldehyde reductase involved in detoxifying 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. In PD patients, the level of AR is significantly lower in the cerebellum. To determine if AR deficiency contributes to PD, AR wild-type (AR+/+) and knockout (AR-/-) mice were administrated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl -1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The MPTP-treated AR-/- mice showed more severe behavioral deficits and brain damage than that of AR+/+ mice. Contrary to expectation, under normal or MPTP-treated condition, AR-/- mice showed a significant elevation of BH4 and dopamine in the midbrain, suggesting that either AR does not contribute to BH4 production, or other BH4 synthetic pathways are induced. The AR-/- brain showed upregulation of peroxynitrite, inducible nitric oxide synthase and downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), which indicate an increase in oxidative stress. In line with the animal data, pretreating the SH-SY5Y cells with AR inhibitors (Fidarestat or Epalrestat) before MPP+ treatment, increased severe cell death and mitochondrial fragmentation with downregulation of SOD were observed when compared to the MPP+ treatment alone. Cycloxygenase 2 (COX2), which can lead to the oxidation of dopamine, was upregulated in AR-/- brains. Autophagic proteins, beclin-1 and LC3B were also downregulated. The loss of dopaminergic neurons was associated with activation of p-ERK1/2. These findings suggest that AR plays an important role in protecting dopaminergic neuron against neurotoxic metabolites in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angela K W Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hyo Jin Son
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephen S M Chung
- Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Zhuhai, Guandong, China
| | - Sookja K Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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50
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Ray A, Kambali M, Ravindranath V. Thiol Oxidation by Diamide Leads to Dopaminergic Degeneration and Parkinsonism Phenotype in Mice: A Model for Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:252-67. [PMID: 27121974 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the role of thiol homeostasis disruption in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis using a novel animal model. A single unilateral administration of the thiol oxidant, diamide (1.45 μmol) into substantia nigra (SN) of mice leads to locomotor deficits and degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in SN pars compacta (SNpc). RESULTS Diamide-injected mice showed hemiparkinsonian behavior, measured as spontaneous contralateral body rotations, poor grip strength, and impaired locomotion on a rotarod. We observed a significant loss of DA neurons in ipsilateral but not contralateral SNpc and their striatal fibers. This was accompanied by increased Fluoro-Jade C-positive cells and a loss of NeuN-positive neurons, indicative of neurodegeneration. Importantly, diamide injection led to α-synuclein aggregation in ipsilateral SNpc, a hallmark of PD pathology not often seen in animal models of PD. On investigating putative mechanism(s) involved, we observed a loss of glutathione, which is essential for maintaining protein thiol homeostasis (PTH). Concomitantly, the redox-sensitive ASK1-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) death signaling pathway was activated in the ipsilateral but not contralateral ventral midbrain through dissociation of ASK1-Trx1 complex. In Neuro-2a cells, diamide activated ASK1-p38 cascade through Trx1 oxidation, leading to cell death, which was abolished by ASK1 knockdown. INNOVATION Since diamide selectively disrupts PTH, DA neurons appear to be vulnerable to such perturbations and even a single insult with a thiol oxidant can result in long-lasting degeneration. CONCLUSION Identification of the role of PTH dysregulation in neurodegeneration, especially in early PD, not only facilitates an understanding of novel regulatory features of molecular signaling cascades but also may aid in developing disease-modifying strategies for PD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 252-267.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Ray
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, India .,2 National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, India
| | - Maltesh Kambali
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, India
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