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Zhang T, Sun J, Jiao Q, Li S, Meng X, Shi J, Wang B. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor deficiency leads to Aβ-induced cognitive impairment through promoting microglial sensitivity to Aβ in the prefrontal cortex in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:252-262. [PMID: 39297128 PMCID: PMC11409075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This study is to investigate the effects of Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) deficiency on microglia and cognitive function in both Aβ1-42-injected CB2R knockout mice and a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in brain. Methods After hippocampal injection with Aβ1-42 oligomers in CB2R knockout mice with and without CB2R agonist treatment and in transgenic APP/PS1 mice with CB2R deletion, the novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to assess the animal behavior performance. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the microglial morphology and activation status. The expression of proinflammation and anti-inflammation cytokines were determined by qRT-PCR. Results CB2R deficiency significantly aggravated cognitive impairment in both Aβ1-42-induced and transgenic APP/PS1 animal model in NOR. In Aβ-injected mice lacking CB2R and transgenic APP/PS1 mice with CB2R deletion, microglia in the prefrontal cortex exhibited enhanced immunoreactivity with altered morphology. Furthermore, transformation of activated microglial phenotype in the prefrontal cortex was reduced in Aβ1-42-injected CB2R knockout mice after CB2R agonist treatment. The CB2R deficiency significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex, while it was observed in the hippocampus in both Aβ1-42-injected and transgenic APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Furthermore, CB2R deficiency increased concentrations of soluble Aβ 40 in the prefrontal cortex, but did not affect plaques deposition. Conclusion CB2R deletion led to enhanced neuroinflammatory responses via direct upregulating microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex during the early symptomatic phase of AD mice. CB2R modulates prefrontal cortical neuroinflammation, which is essential for regulating cognitive functions such as recognition memory at the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - JiaGuang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Hebei 054000, China
| | - Qiang Jiao
- Henan Institute of Food and Salt Industry Inspection Technology, Henan 450003, China
| | - ShuaiChen Li
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - XiangBo Meng
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - JingPu Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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2
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Tate M, Wijeratne HRS, Kim B, Philtjens S, You Y, Lee DH, Gutierrez DA, Sharify D, Wells M, Perez-Cardelo M, Doud EH, Fernandez-Hernando C, Lasagna-Reeves C, Mosley AL, Kim J. Deletion of miR-33, a regulator of the ABCA1-APOE pathway, ameliorates neuropathological phenotypes in APP/PS1 mice. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39345217 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rare variants in ABCA1 increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). ABCA1 facilitates the lipidation of apolipoprotein E (apoE). This study investigated whether microRNA-33 (miR-33)-mediated regulation of this ABCA1-APOE pathway affects phenotypes of an amyloid mouse model. METHODS We generated mir-33+/+;APP/PS1 and mir-33-/-;APP/PS1 mice to determine changes in amyloid pathology using biochemical and histological analyses. We used RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry to identify the transcriptomic and proteomic changes between our genotypes. We also performed mechanistic experiments by determining the role of miR-33 in microglial migration and amyloid beta (Aβ) phagocytosis. RESULTS Mir-33 deletion increases ABCA1 levels and reduces Aβ accumulation and glial activation. Multi-omics studies suggested miR-33 regulates the activation and migration of microglia. We confirm that the inhibition of miR-33 significantly increases microglial migration and Aβ phagocytosis. DISCUSSION These results suggest that miR-33 might be a potential drug target by modulating ABCA1 level, apoE lipidation, Aβ level, and microglial function. HIGHLIGHTS Loss of microRNA-33 (miR-33) increased ABCA1 protein levels and the lipidation of apolipoprotein E. Loss of miR-33 reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) levels, plaque deposition, and gliosis. mRNAs and proteins dysregulated by miR-33 loss relate to microglia and Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of miR-33 increased microglial migration and Aβ phagocytosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Tate
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - H R Sagara Wijeratne
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Byungwook Kim
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stéphanie Philtjens
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yanwen You
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Do-Hun Lee
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela A Gutierrez
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel Sharify
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan Wells
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Magdalena Perez-Cardelo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emma H Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cristian Lasagna-Reeves
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Henningfield CM, Kwang N, Tsourmas KI, Neumann J, Kawauchi S, Swarup V, MacGregor GR, Green KN. Generation of an inducible destabilized-domain Cre mouse line to target disease associated microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613773. [PMID: 39345513 PMCID: PMC11429805 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The function of microglia during progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be investigated using mouse models that enable genetic manipulation of microglial subpopulations in a temporal manner. We developed a mouse strain that expresses destabilized-domain Cre recombinase (DD-Cre) from the Cst7 locus ( Cst7 DD-Cre ) and tested this in 5xFAD amyloidogenic, Ai14 tdTomato cre-reporter line mice. Dietary administration of trimethoprim to induce DD-Cre activity produces long-term labeling in disease associated microglia (DAM) without evidence of leakiness, with tdTomato-expression restricted to cells surrounding plaques. Using this model, we found that DAMs are a subset of plaque-associated microglia (PAMs) and their transition to DAM increases with age and disease stage. Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed that tdTomato+ cells show higher expression of disease and inflammatory genes compared to other microglial populations, including non-labeled PAMs. This model should allow inducible cre-loxP targeting of DAMs, without leakiness. Highlights We developed a new mouse strain which specifically enables recombination of loxP sites in disease associated microglia (DAMs) and can be used to manipulate DAM-gene expression.DAMs represent a subset of plaque associated microglia (PAMs), and DAM expression increases with disease progression.Spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal that DAMs have higher expression of disease and inflammatory genes compared to other PAMs.
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4
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Nixon RA. Autophagy-lysosomal-associated neuronal death in neurodegenerative disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:42. [PMID: 39259382 PMCID: PMC11418399 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for degrading damaged or obsolete constituents, protects neurons by eliminating toxic organelles and peptides, restoring nutrient and energy homeostasis, and inhibiting apoptosis. These functions are especially vital in neurons, which are postmitotic and must survive for many decades while confronting mounting challenges of cell aging. Autophagy failure, especially related to the declining lysosomal ("phagy") functions, heightens the neuron's vulnerability to genetic and environmental factors underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other late-age onset neurodegenerative diseases. Components of the global autophagy-lysosomal pathway and the closely integrated endolysosomal system are increasingly implicated as primary targets of these disorders. In AD, an imbalance between heightened autophagy induction and diminished lysosomal function in highly vulnerable pyramidal neuron populations yields an intracellular lysosomal build-up of undegraded substrates, including APP-βCTF, an inhibitor of lysosomal acidification, and membrane-damaging Aβ peptide. In the most compromised of these neurons, β-amyloid accumulates intraneuronally in plaque-like aggregates that become extracellular senile plaques when these neurons die, reflecting an "inside-out" origin of amyloid plaques seen in human AD brain and in mouse models of AD pathology. In this review, the author describes the importance of lysosomal-dependent neuronal cell death in AD associated with uniquely extreme autophagy pathology (PANTHOS) which is described as triggered by lysosomal membrane permeability during the earliest "intraneuronal" stage of AD. Effectors of other cell death cascades, notably calcium-activated calpains and protein kinases, contribute to lysosomal injury that induces leakage of cathepsins and activation of additional death cascades. Subsequent events in AD, such as microglial invasion and neuroinflammation, induce further cytotoxicity. In major neurodegenerative disease models, neuronal death and ensuing neuropathologies are substantially remediable by reversing underlying primary lysosomal deficits, thus implicating lysosomal failure and autophagy dysfunction as primary triggers of lysosomal-dependent cell death and AD pathogenesis and as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
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5
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Wieg L, Ciola JC, Wasén CC, Gaba F, Colletti BR, Schroeder MK, Hinshaw RG, Ekwudo MN, Holtzman DM, Saito T, Sasaguri H, Saido TC, Cox LM, Lemere CA. Cognitive Effects of Simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation Are Mediated by ApoE Status, Sex, and Environment in APP Knock-In Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9379. [PMID: 39273325 PMCID: PMC11394682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cosmic radiation experienced during space travel may increase the risk of cognitive impairment. While simulated galactic cosmic radiation (GCRsim) has led to memory deficits in wildtype (WT) mice, it has not been investigated whether GCRsim in combination with genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) worsens memory further in aging mice. Here, we investigated the central nervous system (CNS) effects of 0 Gy (sham) or 0.75 Gy five-ion GCRsim or 2 Gy gamma radiation (IRR) in 14-month-old female and male APPNL-F/NL-F knock-in (KI) mice bearing humanized ApoE3 or ApoE4 (APP;E3F and APP;E4F). As travel to a specialized facility was required for irradiation, both traveled sham-irradiated C57BL/6J WT and KI mice and non-traveled (NT) KI mice acted as controls for potential effects of travel. Mice underwent four behavioral tests at 20 months of age and were euthanized for pathological and biochemical analyses 1 month later. Fecal samples were collected pre- and post-irradiation at four different time points. GCRsim seemed to impair memory in male APP;E3F mice compared to their sham counterparts. Travel tended to improve cognition in male APP;E3F mice and lowered total Aβ in female and male APP;E3F mice compared to their non-traveled counterparts. Sham-irradiated male APP;E4F mice accumulated more fibrillar amyloid than their APP;E3F counterparts. Radiation exposure had only modest effects on behavior and brain changes, but travel-, sex-, and genotype-specific effects were seen. Irradiated mice had immediate and long-term differences in their gut bacterial composition that correlated to Alzheimer's disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wieg
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason C Ciola
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline C Wasén
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fidelia Gaba
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brianna R Colletti
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maren K Schroeder
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert G Hinshaw
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Millicent N Ekwudo
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Laura M Cox
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cynthia A Lemere
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Kaur S, K M, Sharma A, Giridharan VV, Dandekar MP. Brain resident microglia in Alzheimer's disease: foe or friends. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01550-8. [PMID: 39167311 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear due to its multifactorial nature. Although a wide range of studies revealed several pathomechanisms of AD, dementia is yet unmanageable with current pharmacotherapies. The recent growing literature illustrates the role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. Indeed, microglia serve as predominant sentinels of the brain, which diligently monitor the neuroimmune axis by phagocytosis and releasing soluble factors. In the case of AD, microglial cells are involved in synaptic pruning and remodeling by producing inflammatory mediators. The conditional inter-transformation of classical activation (proinflammatory) or alternative activation (anti-inflammatory) microglia is responsible for most brain disorders. In this review, we discussed the role of microglia in neuroinflammatory processes in AD following the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau proteins. We also described the prominent phenotypes of microglia, such as disease-associated microglia (DAM), dark microglia, interferon-responsive microglia (IRMs), human AD microglia (HAMs), and microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD), which are closely associated with AD incidence. Considering the key role of microglia in AD progression, microglial-based therapeutics may hold promise in mitigating cognitive deficits by addressing the neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Malleshwari K
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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7
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Lee BH, Cevizci M, Lieblich SE, Ibrahim M, Wen Y, Eid RS, Lamers Y, Duarte-Guterman P, Galea LAM. Exploring the parity paradox: Differential effects on neuroplasticity and inflammation by APOEe4 genotype at middle age. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:54-70. [PMID: 38772427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Female sex and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype are top non-modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although female-unique experiences like parity (pregnancy and motherhood) have positive effects on neuroplasticity at middle age, previous pregnancy may also contribute to AD risk. To explore these seemingly paradoxical long-term effects of parity, we investigated the impact of parity with APOEε4 genotype by examining behavioural and neural biomarkers of brain health in middle-aged female rats. Our findings show that primiparous (parous one time) hAPOEε4 rats display increased use of a non-spatial cognitive strategy and exhibit decreased number and recruitment of new-born neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in response to spatial working memory retrieval. Furthermore, primiparity and hAPOEε4 genotype synergistically modulate inflammatory markers in the ventral hippocampus. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that previous parity in hAPOEε4 rats confers an added risk to present with reduced activity and engagement of the hippocampus as well as elevated pro-inflammatory signaling, and underscore the importance of considering female-specific factors and genotype in health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie H Lee
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melike Cevizci
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muna Ibrahim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanhua Wen
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rand S Eid
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paula Duarte-Guterman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Tan AYS, Tippett LJ, Turner CP, Swanson MEV, Park TIH, Curtis MA, Faull RLM, Dragunow M, Singh-Bains MK. Microglial proliferation and astrocytic protein alterations in the human Huntington's disease cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106554. [PMID: 38844243 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects the basal ganglia and regions of the cerebral cortex. While astrocytosis and microgliosis both contribute to basal ganglia pathology, the contribution of gliosis and potential factors driving glial activity in the human HD cerebral cortex is less understood. Our study aims to identify nuanced indicators of gliosis in HD which is challenging to identify in the severely degenerated basal ganglia, by investigating the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), a cortical region previously documented to demonstrate milder neuronal loss. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on MTG paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays (TMAs) comprising 29 HD and 35 neurologically normal cases to compare the immunoreactivity patterns of key astrocytic proteins (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP; inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1, Kir4.1; glutamate transporter-1, GLT-1; aquaporin-4, AQP4), key microglial proteins (ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, IBA-1; human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR; transmembrane protein 119, TMEM119; purinergic receptor P2RY12, P2RY12), and indicators of proliferation (Ki-67; proliferative cell nuclear antigen, PCNA). Our findings demonstrate an upregulation of GFAP+ protein expression attributed to the presence of more GFAP+ expressing cells in HD, which correlated with greater cortical mutant huntingtin (mHTT) deposition. In contrast, Kir4.1, GLT-1, and AQP4 immunoreactivity levels were unchanged in HD. We also demonstrate an increased number of IBA-1+ and TMEM119+ microglia with somal enlargement. IBA-1+, TMEM119+, and P2RY12+ reactive microglia immunophenotypes were also identified in HD, evidenced by the presence of rod-shaped, hypertrophic, and dystrophic microglia. In HD cases, IBA-1+ cells contained either Ki-67 or PCNA, whereas GFAP+ astrocytes were devoid of proliferative nuclei. These findings suggest cortical microgliosis may be driven by proliferation in HD, supporting the hypothesis of microglial proliferation as a feature of HD pathophysiology. In contrast, astrocytes in HD demonstrate an altered GFAP expression profile that is associated with the degree of mHTT deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelie Y S Tan
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lynette J Tippett
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Clinton P Turner
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Anatomical Pathology, LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Molly E V Swanson
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I H Park
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Malvindar K Singh-Bains
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Nevelchuk S, Brawek B, Schwarz N, Valiente-Gabioud A, Wuttke TV, Kovalchuk Y, Koch H, Höllig A, Steiner F, Figarella K, Griesbeck O, Garaschuk O. Morphotype-specific calcium signaling in human microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:175. [PMID: 39020359 PMCID: PMC11256502 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Key functions of Ca2+ signaling in rodent microglia include monitoring the brain state as well as the surrounding neuronal activity and sensing the danger or damage in their vicinity. Microglial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is a disease hallmark in many mouse models of neurological disorders but the Ca2+ signal properties of human microglia remain unknown. METHODS We developed a novel genetically-encoded ratiometric Ca2+ indicator, targeting microglial cells in the freshly resected human tissue, organotypically cultured tissue slices and analyzed in situ ongoing Ca2+ signaling of decades-old microglia dwelling in their native microenvironment. RESULTS The data revealed marked compartmentalization of Ca2+ signals, with signal properties differing across the compartments and resident morphotypes. The basal Ca2+ levels were low in ramified and high in ameboid microglia. The fraction of cells with ongoing Ca2+ signaling, the fraction and the amplitude of process Ca2+ signals and the duration of somatic Ca2+ signals decreased when moving from ramified via hypertrophic to ameboid microglia. In contrast, the size of active compartments, the fraction and amplitude of somatic Ca2+ signals and the duration of process Ca2+ signals increased along this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nevelchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Brawek
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ariel Valiente-Gabioud
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas V Wuttke
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederik Steiner
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katherine Figarella
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Song C, Li S, Mai Y, Li L, Dai G, Zhou Y, Liang X, Zou OM, Wang Y, Zhou L, Liu J, Zou Y. Dysregulated expression of miR-140 and miR-122 compromised microglial chemotaxis and led to reduced restriction of AD pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:167. [PMID: 38956605 PMCID: PMC11218311 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition of amyloid β, which is produced by amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretase, is one of the primary hallmarks of AD pathology. APP can also be processed by α- and γ-secretase sequentially, to generate sAPPα, which has been shown to be neuroprotective by promoting neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival, etc. METHODS: The global expression profiles of miRNA in blood plasma samples taken from 11 AD patients as well as from 14 age and sex matched cognitively normal volunteers were analyzed using miRNA-seq. Then, overexpressed miR-140 and miR-122 both in vivo and in vitro, and knock-down of the endogenous expression of miR-140 and miR-122 in vitro. Used a combination of techniques, including molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, to detect the impact of miRNAs on AD pathology. RESULTS In this study, we identified that two miRNAs, miR-140-3p and miR-122-5p, both targeting ADAM10, the main α-secretase in CNS, were upregulated in the blood plasma of AD patients. Overexpression of these two miRNAs in mouse brains induced cognitive decline in wild type C57BL/6J mice as well as exacerbated dyscognition in APP/PS1 mice. Although significant changes in APP and total Aβ were not detected, significantly downregulated ADAM10 and its non-amyloidogenic product, sAPPα, were observed in the mouse brains overexpressing miR-140/miR-122. Immunohistology analysis revealed increased neurite dystrophy that correlated with the reduced microglial chemotaxis in the hippocampi of these mice, independent of the other two ADAM10 substrates (neuronal CX3CL1 and microglial TREM2) that were involved in regulating the microglial immunoactivity. Further in vitro analysis demonstrated that both the reduced neuritic outgrowth of mouse embryonic neuronal cells overexpressing miR-140/miR-122 and the reduced Aβ phagocytosis in microglia cells co-cultured with HT22 cells overexpressing miR-140/miR-122 could be rescued by overexpressing the specific inhibitory sequence of miR-140/miR-122 TuD as well as by addition of sAPPα, rendering these miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that neuroprotective sAPPα was a key player in the neuropathological progression induced by dysregulated expression of miR-140 and miR-122. Targeting these miRNAs might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Shufang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yingren Mai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Guoku Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Olivia Meilan Zou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
| | - Yi Zou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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11
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Linsley JW, Reisine T, Finkbeiner S. Three dimensional and four dimensional live imaging to study mechanisms of progressive neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107433. [PMID: 38825007 PMCID: PMC11261153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are complex and progressive, posing challenges to their study and understanding. Recent advances in microscopy imaging technologies have enabled the exploration of neurons in three spatial dimensions (3D) over time (4D). When applied to 3D cultures, tissues, or animals, these technologies can provide valuable insights into the dynamic and spatial nature of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the use of imaging techniques and neurodegenerative disease models to study neurodegeneration in 4D. Imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, miniscope imaging, light sheet microscopy, and robotic microscopy offer powerful tools to visualize and analyze neuronal changes over time in 3D tissue. Application of these technologies to in vitro models of neurodegeneration such as mouse organotypic culture systems and human organoid models provide versatile platforms to study neurodegeneration in a physiologically relevant context. Additionally, use of 4D imaging in vivo, including in mouse and zebrafish models of neurodegenerative diseases, allows for the investigation of early dysfunction and behavioral changes associated with neurodegeneration. We propose that these studies have the power to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional monolayer neuronal cultures and pave the way for improved understanding of the dynamics of neurodegenerative diseases and the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Linsley
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Operant Biopharma, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terry Reisine
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Operant Biopharma, San Francisco, California, USA; Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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12
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Mishra S, Morshed N, Kinoshita C, Stevens B, Jayadev S, Young JE. The Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 regulates lysosome function in human microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600648. [PMID: 38979155 PMCID: PMC11230436 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene encodes the sortilin related receptor protein SORLA, a sorting receptor that regulates endo-lysosomal trafficking of various substrates. Loss of function variants in SORL1 are causative for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and decreased expression of SORLA has been repeatedly observed in human AD brains. SORL1 is highly expressed by microglia, the tissue resident immune cells of the brain. Loss of SORLA leads to enlarged lysosomes in hiPSC-derived microglia like cells (hMGLs). However, whether SORLA deficiency contributes to microglia dysfunction and how this is relevant to AD is not known. In this study, we show that loss of SORLA results in decreased lysosomal degradation and lysosomal enzyme activity due to altered trafficking of lysosomal enzymes in hMGLs. Furthermore, lysosomal exocytosis, an important process involved in immune responses and cellular signaling, is also impaired in SORL1 deficient microglia. Phagocytic uptake of fibrillar amyloid beta 1-42 and synaptosomes is increased in SORLA deficient hMGLs, but due to reduced lysosomal degradation, these substrates aberrantly accumulate in lysosomes. Overall, these data highlight the microglial endo-lysosomal network as a potential novel pathway through which SORL1 may increase AD risk and contribute to development of AD. Additionally, our findings may inform development of novel lysosome and microglia associated drug targets for AD.
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13
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Ikiz ED, Hascup ER, Bae C, Hascup KN. Microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channel as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1423410. [PMID: 38957539 PMCID: PMC11217546 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1423410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that control brain development, maintain neural environments, respond to injuries, and regulate neuroinflammation. Despite their significant impact on various physiological and pathological processes across mammalian biology, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of how microglia perceive and transmit mechanical signals in both normal and diseased states. Recent studies have revealed that microglia possess the ability to detect changes in the mechanical properties of their environment, such as alterations in stiffness or pressure. These changes may occur during development, aging, or in pathological conditions such as trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The structure, function, and modulation of Piezo1 will be discussed, as well as its role in facilitating microglial clearance of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins implicated in the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol D. Ikiz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Integrated Sciences, Sustainability, and Public Health, College of Health, Science, and Technology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Chilman Bae
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
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14
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Im D, Choi TS. Distinctive contribution of two additional residues in protein aggregation of Aβ42 and Aβ40 isoforms. BMB Rep 2024; 57:263-272. [PMID: 38835114 PMCID: PMC11214890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that self-assemble to protein aggregates, incurring cell malfunction and cytotoxicity. While Aβ has been known to regulate multiple physiological functions, such as enhancing synaptic functions, aiding in the recovery of the blood-brain barrier/brain injury, and exhibiting tumor suppression/antimicrobial activities, the hydrophobicity of the primary structure promotes pathological aggregations that are closely associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ proteins consist of multiple isoforms with 37-43 amino acid residues that are produced by the cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). The hydrolytic products of APP are secreted to the extracellular regions of neuronal cells. Aβ 1-42 (Aβ42) and Aβ 1-40 (Aβ40) are dominant isoforms whose significance in AD pathogenesis has been highlighted in numerous studies to understand the molecular mechanism and develop AD diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the differences between Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the molecular mechanism of amyloid aggregations mediated by the two additional residues (Ile41 and Ala42) of Aβ42. The current comprehension of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in AD progression is outlined, together with the structural features of Aβ42/Aβ40 amyloid fibrils, and the aggregation mechanisms of Aβ42/Aβ40. Furthermore, the impact of the heterogeneous distribution of Aβ isoforms during amyloid aggregations is discussed in the system mimicking the coexistence of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(6): 263-272].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Su Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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15
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Pumo A, Legeay S. The dichotomous activities of microglia: A potential driver for phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1832:148817. [PMID: 38395249 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, characterized by two defining neuropathological hallmarks: amyloid plaques composed of Aβ aggregates and neurofibrillary pathology. Recent research suggests that microglia have both beneficial and detrimental effects in the development of AD. A new theory proposes that microglia play a beneficial role in the early stages of the disease but become harmful in later stages. Further investigations are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of this shift in microglia's function. This transition is likely influenced by specific conditions, including spatial, temporal, and transcriptional factors, which ultimately lead to the deterioration of microglial functionality. Additionally, recent studies have also highlighted the potential influence of microglia diversity on the various manifestations of AD. By deciphering the multiple states of microglia and the phenotypic heterogeneity in AD, significant progress can be made towards personalized medicine and better treatment outcomes for individuals affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pumo
- Université d'Angers, Faculté de Santé, Département Pharmacie, 16, Boulevard Daviers, Angers 49045, France.
| | - Samuel Legeay
- Université d'Angers, Faculté de Santé, Département Pharmacie, 16, Boulevard Daviers, Angers 49045, France; Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, Angers F-49000, France
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16
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Fruhwürth S, Zetterberg H, Paludan SR. Microglia and amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease - Evidence, possible mechanisms, and future challenges. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 390:578342. [PMID: 38640827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline that severely affects patients and their families. Genetic and environmental risk factors, such as viral infections, synergize to accelerate the aging-associated neurodegeneration. Genetic risk factors for late-onset AD (LOAD), which accounts for most AD cases, are predominantly implicated in microglial and immune cell functions. As such, microglia play a major role in formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, the major pathological hallmark of AD. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of microglia in Aβ plaque formation, as well as their impact on morphological and functional diversity of Aβ plaques. Based on this discussion, we seek to identify challenges and opportunities in this field with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammatory Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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17
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Huuha AM, Norevik CS, Coombes JS, Røsbjørgen RN, Miguel-dos-Santos R, Moreira JBN, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Scrimgeour N, Tari AR. Effects of Intravenously Administered Plasma from Exercise-Trained Donors on Microglia and Cytokines in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2024; 9:21-41. [PMID: 38993579 PMCID: PMC11234670 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-230154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia and inflammation play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Physical exercise and peripheral signals can influence microglial activity in the brain. Modulating the inflammatory response in the brain may provide therapeutic approaches for AD. Objective To assess the effects of intravenously administered blood plasma from exercise-trained donor rats on cognitive function, microglia, and cytokine levels in an AD rat model at two different pathological stages; an early pre-plaque stage and a later stage closer to the emergence of extracellular plaques. Methods Male transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats aged 2 and 5 months received 14 injections over 6 weeks: 1) plasma from exercise-trained rats (ExPlas), 2) plasma from sedentary rats (SedPlas), or 3) saline. Cognitive function was evaluated in a novel object recognition task. Microglia count and morphology were analyzed in cornu ammonis, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and subiculum. Amyloid plaque number and size were assessed in the rats with the later treatment start. A multiplex assay was used to measure 23 cytokines in cornu ammonis. Results In rats treated from 2 months of age, ExPlas and SedPlas increased number and length of microglial branches in cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus compared to saline. Only ExPlas-treated rats exhibited similar changes in subiculum, while entorhinal cortex showed no differences across treatments. Microglia count remained unaffected. In rats treated from 5 months of age, there were no significant differences in microglia count or morphology or the number or size of amyloid plaques in any brain region. Compared to both other treatments in early pre-plaque stage rats, SedPlas increased TNF-α levels. ExPlas upregulated GM-CSF, IL-18, and VEGF, while SedPlas increased IL-10 compared to saline. In later-stage rats, ExPlas upregulated IL-17, and SedPlas upregulated TNF-α compared to saline. There were no effects of treatments on recognition memory. Conclusions Intravenous injections of blood plasma from exercise-trained and sedentary donors differentially modulated microglial morphology and cytokine levels in the AD rat model at an early pre-plaque stage of pathology. Exercised plasma may reduce proinflammatory TNF-α signaling and promote microglial responses to early Aβ accumulation but the lack of treatment effects in the later-stage rats emphasizes the potential importance of treatment timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi M. Huuha
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Skarstad Norevik
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ragnhild N. Røsbjørgen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - José Bianco N. Moreira
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan Scrimgeour
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atefe R. Tari
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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18
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da Silva JF, Polk FD, Martin PE, Thai SH, Savu A, Gonzales M, Kath AM, Gee MT, Pires PW. Sex-specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BK Ca dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.06.543962. [PMID: 37333104 PMCID: PMC10274786 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and nitro-oxidative stress are present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to disease progression and severity. Large conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (BK Ca ) play an essential role in vasodilatory responses and maintenance of myogenic tone in resistance arteries. BK Ca impairment can lead to microvascular dysfunction and hemodynamic deficits in the brain. We hypothesized that reduced BK Ca function in cerebral arteries mediates microvascular and neurovascular responses in the 5x-FAD model of AD. METHODS BK Ca activity in the cerebral microcirculation was assessed by patch clamp electrophysiology and pressure myography, in situ Ca 2+ sparks by spinning disk confocal microscopy, hemodynamics by laser speckle contrast imaging. Molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted by affinity-purification assays, qPCR, Western blots and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed that pial arteries from 5-6 months-old male and female 5x-FAD mice exhibited a hyper-contractile phenotype than wild-type (WT) littermates, which was linked to lower vascular BK Ca activity and reduced open probability. In males, BK Ca dysfunction is likely a consequence of an observed lower expression of the pore-forming subunit BKα and blunted frequency of Ca 2+ sparks, which are required for BK Ca activity. However, in females, impaired BK Ca function is, in part, a consequence of reversible nitro-oxidative changes in the BK α subunit, which reduces its open probability and regulation of vascular tone. We further show that BK Ca function is involved in neurovascular coupling in mice, and its dysfunction is linked to neurovascular dysfunction in the model. CONCLUSION These data highlight the central role played by BK Ca in cerebral microvascular and neurovascular regulation, as well as sex-dependent mechanisms underlying its dysfunction in a mouse model of AD.
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19
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Henningfield CM, Soni N, Lee RW, Sharma R, Cleland JL, Green KN. Selective targeting and modulation of plaque associated microglia via systemic hydroxyl dendrimer administration in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:101. [PMID: 38711159 PMCID: PMC11071231 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglia surround extracellular plaques and mount a sustained inflammatory response, contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. Identifying approaches to specifically target plaque-associated microglia (PAMs) without interfering in the homeostatic functions of non-plaque associated microglia would afford a powerful tool and potential therapeutic avenue. METHODS Here, we demonstrated that a systemically administered nanomedicine, hydroxyl dendrimers (HDs), can cross the blood brain barrier and are preferentially taken up by PAMs in a mouse model of AD. As proof of principle, to demonstrate biological effects in PAM function, we treated the 5xFAD mouse model of amyloidosis for 4 weeks via systemic administration (ip, 2x weekly) of HDs conjugated to a colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor (D-45113). RESULTS Treatment resulted in significant reductions in amyloid-beta (Aβ) and a stark reduction in the number of microglia and microglia-plaque association in the subiculum and somatosensory cortex, as well as a downregulation in microglial, inflammatory, and synaptic gene expression compared to vehicle treated 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that systemic administration of a dendranib may be utilized to target and modulate PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caden M Henningfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Neelakshi Soni
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ryan W Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Ashvattha Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | | | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Charrière K, Schneider V, Perrignon-Sommet M, Lizard G, Benani A, Jacquin-Piques A, Vejux A. Exploring the Role of Apigenin in Neuroinflammation: Insights and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5041. [PMID: 38732259 PMCID: PMC11084463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of various central nervous system disorders, is often associated with oxidative stress and neuronal or oligodendrocyte cell death. It is therefore very interesting to target neuroinflammation pharmacologically. One therapeutic option is the use of nutraceuticals, particularly apigenin. Apigenin is present in plants: vegetables (parsley, celery, onions), fruits (oranges), herbs (chamomile, thyme, oregano, basil), and some beverages (tea, beer, and wine). This review explores the potential of apigenin as an anti-inflammatory agent across diverse neurological conditions (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive and memory disorders, and toxicity related to trace metals and other chemicals. Drawing upon major studies, we summarize apigenin's multifaceted effects and underlying mechanisms in neuroinflammation. Our review underscores apigenin's therapeutic promise and calls for further investigation into its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Charrière
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, UMR 1322 LINC, INSERM CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Vincent Schneider
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
- Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, CHU F. Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Manon Perrignon-Sommet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
- Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, CHU F. Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
- Memory Resource and Research Center (CMRR), CHU F. Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.S.); (M.P.-S.); (A.B.); (A.J.-P.)
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France;
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Balan I, Boero G, Chéry SL, McFarland MH, Lopez AG, Morrow AL. Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:582. [PMID: 38792602 PMCID: PMC11122352 DOI: 10.3390/life14050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnane neuroactive steroids, notably allopregnanolone and pregnenolone, exhibit efficacy in mitigating inflammatory signals triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory factors. Clinical studies highlight their therapeutic potential, particularly in conditions like postpartum depression (PPD), where the FDA-approved compound brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, effectively suppresses TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways, predicting symptom improvement. Additionally, pregnane neurosteroids exhibit trophic and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating the production of vital trophic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors. Androstane neuroactive steroids, including estrogens and androgens, along with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), display diverse effects on TLR expression and activation. Notably, androstenediol (ADIOL), an androstane neurosteroid, emerges as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, promising for therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of immune responses via TLR signaling alongside reduced levels of endogenous neurosteroids significantly contributes to symptom severity across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, demonstrate efficacy in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders and modulating neuroimmune responses, offering potential intervention avenues. This review emphasizes the significant therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids in modulating TLR signaling pathways, particularly in addressing inflammatory processes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It advances our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroactive steroids and immune responses, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and providing insights for future research aimed at unraveling the intricacies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Minna H. McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Lopez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Heavener K, Kabra K, Yidenk M, Bradshaw E. IL-1RA Disrupts ATP Activation of P2RX7 in Human Monocyte-Derived Microglia-like Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588607. [PMID: 38645234 PMCID: PMC11030313 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The immune system has a dynamic role in neurodegenerative diseases, and purinergic receptors allow immune cells to recognize neuronal signaling, cell injury, or stress. Purinergic Receptor 7 (P2RX7) can modulate inflammatory cascades and its expression is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissue. P2RX7 expression is enriched in microglia, and elevated levels are found in microglia surrounding amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. While P2RX7 is thought to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, how it modulates pathology and disease progression is not well understood. Here, we utilize a human monocyte-derived microglia-like cell (MDMi) model to interrogate P2RX7 activation and downstream consequences on microglia function. By using MDMi derived from human donors, we can examine how human donor variation impacts microglia function. We assessed P2RX7-driven IL1β and IL18 production and amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42) uptake levels. Our results show that ATP-stimulation of MDMi triggers upregulation of IL1β and IL18 expression. This upregulation of cytokine gene expression is blocked with the A740003 P2RX7 antagonist. We find that high extracellular ATP conditions also reduced MDMi capacity for Aβ1-42 uptake, and this loss of function is prevented through A740003 inhibition of P2RX7. In addition, pretreatment of MDMi with IL-1RA limited ATP-driven IL1β and IL18 gene expression upregulation, indicating that ATP immunomodulation of P2RX7 is IL-1R dependent. Aβ1-42 uptake was higher with IL-1RA pretreatment compared to ATP treatment alone, suggesting P2RX7 regulates phagocytic engulfment through IL-1 signaling. Overall, our results demonstrate that P2RX7 is a key response protein for high extracellular ATP in human microglia-like cells, and its function can be modulated by IL-1 signaling. This work opens the door to future studies examining anti-IL-1 biologics to increase the clearance of amyloid-beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Heavener
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Khushbu Kabra
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maedot Yidenk
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bradshaw
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Giri PM, Banerjee A, Ghosal A, Layek B. Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3995. [PMID: 38612804 PMCID: PMC11011898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) have become increasingly common during the past three decades. Approximately 15% of the total population of the world is affected by some form of NDs, resulting in physical and cognitive disability. The most common NDs include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Although NDs are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables, neuroinflammation is known to be associated with all NDs, often leading to permanent damage to neurons of the central nervous system. Furthermore, numerous emerging pieces of evidence have demonstrated that inflammation not only supports the progression of NDs but can also serve as an initiator. Hence, various medicines capable of preventing or reducing neuroinflammation have been investigated as ND treatments. While anti-inflammatory medicine has shown promising benefits in several preclinical models, clinical outcomes are often questionable. In this review, we discuss various NDs with their current treatment strategies, the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of NDs, and the use of anti-inflammatory agents as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Mani Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Anurag Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Arpita Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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24
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Goksu AY, Kocanci FG, Akinci E, Demir-Dora D, Erendor F, Sanlioglu S, Uysal H. Microglia cells treated with synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide or transduced with LentiVIP protect neuronal cells against degeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1993-2015. [PMID: 38382910 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is neuronal cell death, accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a pleiotropic peptide that combines neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions. The gene therapy field shows long-term promise for treating a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of transduction of microglia using lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP (LentiVIP). Additionally, we tested the protective effects of the secretome derived from LentiVIP-infected "immortalized human" microglia HMC3 cells, and cells treated with Synthetic VIP (SynVIP), against toxin-induced neurodegeneration. First, LentiVIP, which stably expresses VIP, was generated and purified. VIP secretion in microglial conditioned media (MG CM) for LentiVIP-infected HMC3 microglia cells was confirmed. Microglia cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide, and groups were formed as follows: 1) Control, 2) SynVIP-treated, or 3) LentiVIP-transduced. These MG CM were applied on an in vitro neurodegenerative model formed by differentiated (d)-SH-SY5Y cells. Then, cell survival analysis and apoptotic nuclear staining, besides measurement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters in CM of cells were performed. Activated MG CM reduced survival rates of both control and toxin-applied (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, whereas LentiVIP-infected MG CM and SynVIP-treated ones exhibited better survival rates. These findings were supported by apoptotic nuclear evaluations of (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, alongside oxidative/inflammatory parameters in their CM. LentiVIP seems worthy of further studies for the treatment of ND because of the potential of gene therapy to treat diseases effectively with a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azize Yasemin Goksu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gonca Kocanci
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ersin Akinci
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Devrim Demir-Dora
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Erendor
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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25
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Colson TLL, Sarasija S, Ferguson SSG. A M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-specific positive allosteric modulator VU0486846 reduces neurogliosis in female Alzheimer's mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116388. [PMID: 38460371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, disproportionately affecting females, who make up nearly 60% of diagnosed cases. In AD patients, the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain triggers a neuroinflammatory response driven by neuroglia, worsening the condition. We have previously demonstrated that VU0486846, an orally available positive allosteric modulator (PAM) targeting M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, enhances cognitive function and reduces Aβ pathology in female APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice. However, it remained unclear whether these improvements were linked to a decrease in neuroglial activation. To investigate, we treated nine-month-old APP/PS1 and wildtype mice with VU0486846 for 8 weeks and analyzed brain slices for markers of microglial activation (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, Iba1) and astrocyte activation (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP). We find that VU0486846 reduces the presence of Iba1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the hippocampus of female APP/PS1 mice and limits the recruitment of these cells to remaining Aβ plaques. This study sheds light on an additional mechanism through which novel M1 mAChR PAMs exhibit disease-modifying effects by reducing neuroglial activation and underscore the potential of these ligands for the treatment of AD, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Tash-Lynn L Colson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shaarika Sarasija
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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26
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Kim H, Le B, Goshi N, Zhu K, Grodzki AC, Lein PJ, Zhao M, Seker E. Rat primary cortical cell tri-culture to study effects of amyloid-beta on microglia function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.584736. [PMID: 38558989 PMCID: PMC10979983 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.584736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The etiology and progression of sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been studied for decades. One proposed mechanism is that amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins induce neuroinflammation, synapse loss, and neuronal cell death. Microglia play an especially important role in Aβ clearance, and alterations in microglial function due to aging or disease may result in Aβ accumulation and deleterious effects on neuronal function. However, studying these complex factors in vivo , where numerous confounding processes exist, is challenging, and until recently, in vitro models have not allowed sustained culture of microglia, astrocytes and neurons in the same culture. Here, we employ a tri-culture model of rat primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia and compare it to co-culture (neurons and astrocytes) and mono-culture enriched for microglia to study microglial function (i.e., motility and Aβ clearance) and proteomic response to exogenous Aβ. Methods We established cortical co-culture (neurons and astrocytes), tri-culture (neurons, astrocytes, and microglia), and mono-culture (microglia) from perinatal rat pups. On days in vitro (DIV) 7 - 14, the cultures were exposed to fluorescently-labeled Aβ (FITC-Aβ) particles for varying durations. Images were analyzed to determine the number of FITC-Aβ particles after specific lengths of exposure. A group of cells were stained for βIII-tubulin, GFAP, and Iba1 for morphological analysis via quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Cytokine profiles from conditioned media were obtained. Live-cell imaging with images acquired every 5 minutes for 4 hours was employed to extract microglia motility parameters (e.g., Euclidean distance, migration speed, directionality ratio). Results and discussion FITC-Aβ particles were more effectively cleared in the tri-culture compared to the co-culture. This was attributed to microglia engulfing FITC-Aβ particles, as confirmed via epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. Adding FITC-Aβ significantly increased the size of microglia, but had no significant effect on neuronal surface coverage or astrocyte size. Analysis of the cytokine profile upon FITC-Aβ addition revealed a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6) in tri-culture, but not co-culture. In addition, Aβ addition altered microglia motility marked by swarming-like motion with decreased Euclidean distance yet unaltered speed. These results highlight the importance of cell-cell communication in microglia function (e.g., motility and Aβ clearance) and the utility of the tri-culture model to further investigate microglia dysfunction in AD.
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Chan DC, Kim C, Kang RY, Kuhn MK, Beidler LM, Zhang N, Proctor EA. Cytokine expression patterns predict suppression of vulnerable neural circuits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.17.585383. [PMID: 38559177 PMCID: PMC10979954 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive amyloid plaque accumulation, tau tangle formation, neuroimmune dysregulation, synapse an neuron loss, and changes in neural circuit activation that lead to cognitive decline and dementia. Early molecular and cellular disease-instigating events occur 20 or more years prior to presentation of symptoms, making them difficult to study, and for many years amyloid-β, the aggregating peptide seeding amyloid plaques, was thought to be the toxic factor responsible for cognitive deficit. However, strategies targeting amyloid-β aggregation and deposition have largely failed to produce safe and effective therapies, and amyloid plaque levels poorly correlate with cognitive outcomes. However, a role still exists for amyloid-β in the variation in an individual's immune response to early, soluble forms of aggregates, and the downstream consequences of this immune response for aberrant cellular behaviors and creation of a detrimental tissue environment that harms neuron health and causes changes in neural circuit activation. Here, we perform functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake, unanesthetized Alzheimer's disease mice to map changes in functional connectivity over the course of disease progression, in comparison to wild-type littermates. In these same individual animals, we spatiotemporally profile the immune milieu by measuring cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors across various brain regions and over the course of disease progression from pre-pathology through established cognitive deficit. We identify specific signatures of immune activation predicting hyperactivity followed by suppression of intra- and then inter-regional functional connectivity in multiple disease-relevant brain regions, following the pattern of spread of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lynne M Beidler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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28
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Shin HJ, Kim IS, Choi SG, Lee K, Park H, Shin J, Kim D, Beom J, Yi YY, Gupta DP, Song GJ, Chung WS, Lee CJ, Kim DW. Rejuvenating aged microglia by p16 ink4a-siRNA-loaded nanoparticles increases amyloid-β clearance in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:25. [PMID: 38493185 PMCID: PMC10943801 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent accumulation of amyloid plaques in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with reduced amyloid clearance. Older microglia have a reduced ability to phagocytose amyloid, so phagocytosis of amyloid plaques by microglia could be regulated to prevent amyloid accumulation. Furthermore, considering the aging-related disruption of cell cycle machinery in old microglia, we hypothesize that regulating their cell cycle could rejuvenate them and enhance their ability to promote more efficient amyloid clearance. First, we used gene ontology analysis of microglia from young and old mice to identify differential expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16ink4a), a cell cycle factor related to aging. We found that p16ink4a expression was increased in microglia near amyloid plaques in brain tissue from patients with AD and 5XFAD mice, a model of AD. In BV2 microglia, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated p16ink4a downregulation transformed microglia with enhanced amyloid phagocytic capacity through regulated the cell cycle and increased cell proliferation. To regulate microglial phagocytosis by gene transduction, we used poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, which predominantly target microglia, to deliver the siRNA and to control microglial reactivity. Nanoparticle-based delivery of p16ink4a siRNA reduced amyloid plaque formation and the number of aged microglia surrounding the plaque and reversed learning deterioration and spatial memory deficits. We propose that downregulation of p16ink4a in microglia is a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyu Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Beom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Prasad Gupta
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wongso H, Kurniawan A, Setiadi Y, Kusumaningrum CE, Widyasari EM, Wibawa TH, Mahendra I, Febrian MB, Sriyani ME, Halimah I, Daruwati I, Gunawan R, Achmad A, Nugraha DH, Lesmana R, Nugraha AS. Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:86-104. [PMID: 38585455 PMCID: PMC10997928 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is previously identified as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Furthermore, it plays a significant role in a diverse range of biochemical processes, including steroidogenesis, mitochondrial cholesterol transport, cell survival and death, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several investigations also reported its roles in various types of cancers, including colorectal, brain, breast, prostate, and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. According to a previous study, the expression of TSPO was upregulated in cancer cells, which corresponds to an aggressive phenotype and/or poor prognosis. Consequently, the potential for crafting diagnostic and prognostic tools with a focus on TSPO holds great potential. In this context, several radioligands designed to target this protein have been identified, and some of the candidates have advanced to clinical trials. In recent years, the use of hybrid probes with radioactive and fluorescence molecules for image-guided surgery has exhibited promising results in animal and human studies. This indicates that the approach can serve as a valuable surgical navigator during cancer surgery. The current hybrid probes are built from various molecular platforms, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and antibodies. Although several TSPO-targeted imaging probes have been developed, their development for image-guided surgery of cancers is still limited. Therefore, this review aims to highlight recent findings on the involvement of TSPO in carcinogenesis, as well as provide a new perspective on the potential application of TSPO-targeted hybrid probes for image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Kurniawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yanuar Setiadi
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Crhisterra E. Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Eva M. Widyasari
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Teguh H.A. Wibawa
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isa Mahendra
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad B. Febrian
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Maula E. Sriyani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Iim Halimah
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isti Daruwati
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Gunawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Arifudin Achmad
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161
- Oncology and Stem Cells Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161
| | | | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Physiology Molecular, Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ari S. Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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30
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Ifediora N, Canoll P, Hargus G. Human stem cell transplantation models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1354164. [PMID: 38450383 PMCID: PMC10915253 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1354164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia. It is characterized by pronounced neuronal degeneration with formation of neurofibrillary tangles and deposition of amyloid β throughout the central nervous system. Animal models have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of AD and they have shown that different brain cell types including neurons, astrocytes and microglia have important functions in the pathogenesis of AD. However, there are difficulties in translating promising therapeutic observations in mice into clinical application in patients. Alternative models using human cells such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide significant advantages, since they have successfully been used to model disease mechanisms in neurons and in glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent studies that describe the transplantation of human iPSC-derived neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells into the forebrain of mice to generate chimeric transplantation models of AD. We also discuss opportunities, challenges and limitations in using differentiated human iPSCs for in vivo disease modeling and their application for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechime Ifediora
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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31
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Cuní-López C, Stewart R, Oikari LE, Nguyen TH, Roberts TL, Sun Y, Guo CC, Lupton MK, White AR, Quek H. Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:50. [PMID: 38365833 PMCID: PMC10870454 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Current approaches targeting hallmark pathological features of AD have had no consistent clinical benefit. Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to neurodegeneration and hence, microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, are an attractive target for potentially more effective therapeutic strategies. However, there is no current in vitro model system that captures AD patient-specific microglial characteristics using physiologically relevant and experimentally flexible culture conditions. METHODS To address this shortcoming, we developed novel 3D Matrigel-based monocyte-derived microglia-like cell (MDMi) mono-cultures and co-cultures with neuro-glial cells (ReNcell VM). We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis to compare the transcriptomic signatures of MDMi between model systems (2D, 3D and 3D co-culture) and against published human microglia datasets. To demonstrate the potential of MDMi for use in personalized pre-clinical strategies, we generated and characterized MDMi models from sixteen AD patients and matched healthy controls, and profiled cytokine responses upon treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs (dasatinib and spiperone). RESULTS MDMi in 3D exhibited a more branched morphology and longer survival in culture compared to 2D. scRNAseq uncovered distinct MDMi subpopulations that exhibit higher functional heterogeneity and best resemble human microglia in 3D co-culture. AD MDMi in 3D co-culture showed altered cell-to-cell interactions, growth factor and cytokine secretion profiles and responses to amyloid-β. Drug testing assays revealed patient- and model-specific cytokine responses. CONCLUSION Our study presents a novel, physiologically relevant and AD patient-specific 3D microglia cell model that opens avenues towards improving personalized drug development strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cuní-López
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Romal Stewart
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Tam Hong Nguyen
- Scientific Services, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Tara L Roberts
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Yifan Sun
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Christine C Guo
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, 32502, USA
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Hazel Quek
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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32
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Anderson C, Bucholc M, McClean PL, Zhang SD. The Potential of a Stratified Approach to Drug Repurposing in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 38275752 PMCID: PMC10813465 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by the build-up of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. While multiple theories explaining the aetiology of the disease have been suggested, the underlying cause of the disease is still unknown. Despite this, several modifiable and non-modifiable factors that increase the risk of developing AD have been identified. To date, only eight AD drugs have ever gained regulatory approval, including six symptomatic and two disease-modifying drugs. However, not all are available in all countries and high costs associated with new disease-modifying biologics prevent large proportions of the patient population from accessing them. With the current patient population expected to triple by 2050, it is imperative that new, effective, and affordable drugs become available to patients. Traditional drug development strategies have a 99% failure rate in AD, which is far higher than in other disease areas. Even when a drug does reach the market, additional barriers such as high cost and lack of accessibility prevent patients from benefiting from them. In this review, we discuss how a stratified medicine drug repurposing approach may address some of the limitations and barriers that traditional strategies face in relation to drug development in AD. We believe that novel, stratified drug repurposing studies may expedite the discovery of alternative, effective, and more affordable treatment options for a rapidly expanding patient population in comparison with traditional drug development methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Anderson
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Magda Bucholc
- School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Magee Campus, Ulster University, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Paula L. McClean
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
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33
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Gómez-Carballa A, Navarro L, Pardo-Seco J, Bello X, Pischedda S, Viz-Lasheras S, Camino-Mera A, Currás MJ, Ferreirós I, Mallah N, Rey-Vázquez S, Redondo L, Dacosta-Urbieta A, Caamaño-Viña F, Rivero-Calle I, Rodriguez-Tenreiro C, Martinón-Torres F, Salas A. Music compensates for altered gene expression in age-related cognitive disorders. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21259. [PMID: 38040763 PMCID: PMC10692168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive literature has explored the beneficial effects of music in age-related cognitive disorders (ACD), but limited knowledge exists regarding its impact on gene expression. We analyzed transcriptomes of ACD patients and healthy controls, pre-post a music session (n = 60), and main genes/pathways were compared to those dysregulated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as revealed by a multi-cohort study (n = 1269 MCI/AD and controls). Music was associated with 2.3 times more whole-genome gene expression, particularly on neurodegeneration-related genes, in ACD than in controls. Co-expressed gene-modules and pathways analysis demonstrated that music impacted autophagy, vesicle and endosome organization, biological processes commonly dysregulated in MCI/AD. Notably, the data indicated a strong negative correlation between musically-modified genes/pathways in ACD and those dysregulated in MCI/AD. These findings highlight the compensatory effect of music on genes/biological processes affected in MCI/AD, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of music on these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Navarro
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xabier Bello
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Pischedda
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Viz-Lasheras
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Camino-Mera
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Currás
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ferreirós
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Narmeen Mallah
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sara Rey-Vázquez
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Redondo
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Dacosta-Urbieta
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Fernando Caamaño-Viña
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Tenreiro
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Genetica de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain.
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Olmedillas M, Brawek B, Li K, Richter C, Garaschuk O. Plaque vicinity as a hotspot of microglial turnover in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2023; 71:2884-2901. [PMID: 37596829 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the major immune cells of the brain, are functionally heterogeneous but in vivo functional properties of these cells are rarely studied at single-cell resolution. By using microRNA-9 regulated viral vectors for multicolor labeling and longitudinal in vivo monitoring of individual microglia, we followed their fate in the cortex of healthy adult mice and at the onset of amyloidosis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In wild-type mice, microglia were rather mobile (16% of the cells migrated at least once in 10-20 days) but had a low turnover as documented by low division and death rates. Half of the migratory events were tightly associated with blood vessels. Surprisingly, basic migration properties of microglia (i.e., fraction of migrating cells, saltatory migration pattern, speed of migration, translocation distance, and strong association with blood vessels) were preserved in amyloid-depositing brains, despite amyloid plaques becoming the major destination of migration. Besides, amyloid deposition significantly increased microglial division and death rates. Moreover, the plaque vicinity became a hotspot of microglial turnover, harboring 33% of all migration, 70% of death and 54% of division events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Olmedillas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Brawek
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kaizhen Li
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cris Richter
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Gouda NA, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Elkamhawy A. Therapeutic potential of natural products in inflammation: underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, technological advances, and future perspectives. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2857-2883. [PMID: 37950803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, and is responsible for up to 60% of all deaths worldwide. Metformin, statins, and corticosteroids, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often given as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, however, often have even more debilitating side effects than the illness itself. The natural product-based therapy of inflammation-related diseases has no adverse effects and good beneficial results compared to substitute conventional anti-inflammatory medications. In this review article, we provide a concise overview of present pharmacological treatments, the pathophysiology of inflammation, and the signaling pathways that underlie it. In addition, we focus on the most promising natural products identified as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of natural products as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with promising outcomes are reviewed. In addition, the safety, side effects and technical barriers of natural products are discussed. Furthermore, we also summarized the latest technological advances in the discovery and scientific development of natural products-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Saud O Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Hijazi S, Smit AB, van Kesteren RE. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4954-4967. [PMID: 37419975 PMCID: PMC11041664 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry, brain networks and memory processing. Since the discovery in 1987 that PV is expressed in a subset of fast-spiking GABAergic inhibitory neurons, our knowledge of the complex molecular and physiological properties of these cells has been expanding. In this review, we highlight the specific properties of PV neurons that allow them to fire at high frequency and with high reliability, enabling them to control network oscillations and shape the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memories. We next discuss multiple studies reporting PV neuron impairment as a critical step in neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Finally, we propose potential mechanisms underlying PV neuron dysfunction in AD and we argue that early changes in PV neuron activity could be a causal step in AD-associated network and memory impairment and a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hijazi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Litwiniuk A, Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM, Urbańska K. The role of glial autophagy in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4528-4539. [PMID: 37679471 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease is the most pervasive neurodegenerative disorder, the mechanism underlying its development is still not precisely understood. Available data indicate that pathophysiology of this disease may involve impaired autophagy in glial cells. The dysfunction is manifested as reduced ability of astrocytes and microglia to clear abnormal protein aggregates. Consequently, excessive accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles activates microglia and astrocytes leading to decreased number of mature myelinated oligodendrocytes and death of neurons. These pathologic effects of autophagy dysfunction can be rescued by pharmacological activation of autophagy. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy dysfunction in glial cells in Alzheimer's disease may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. However, such strategies need to take into consideration differences in regulation of autophagy in different types of neuroglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Roman Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Mazovia, Poland
| | - Adrian Mateusz Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
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Gamache J, Gingerich D, Shwab EK, Barrera J, Garrett ME, Hume C, Crawford GE, Ashley-Koch AE, Chiba-Falek O. Integrative single-nucleus multi-omics analysis prioritizes candidate cis and trans regulatory networks and their target genes in Alzheimer's disease brains. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:185. [PMID: 37789374 PMCID: PMC10546724 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic underpinnings of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are yet to be fully elucidated. Although numerous LOAD-associated loci have been discovered, the causal variants and their target genes remain largely unknown. Since the brain is composed of heterogenous cell subtypes, it is imperative to study the brain on a cell subtype specific level to explore the biological processes underlying LOAD. METHODS Here, we present the largest parallel single-nucleus (sn) multi-omics study to simultaneously profile gene expression (snRNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (snATAC-seq) to date, using nuclei from 12 normal and 12 LOAD brains. We identified cell subtype clusters based on gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles and characterized cell subtype-specific LOAD-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially accessible peaks (DAPs) and cis co-accessibility networks (CCANs). RESULTS Integrative analysis defined disease-relevant CCANs in multiple cell subtypes and discovered LOAD-associated cell subtype-specific candidate cis regulatory elements (cCREs), their candidate target genes, and trans-interacting transcription factors (TFs), some of which, including ELK1, JUN, and SMAD4 in excitatory neurons, were also LOAD-DEGs. Finally, we focused on a subset of cell subtype-specific CCANs that overlap known LOAD-GWAS regions and catalogued putative functional SNPs changing the affinities of TF motifs within LOAD-cCREs linked to LOAD-DEGs, including APOE and MYO1E in a specific subtype of microglia and BIN1 in a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive systematic interrogation to date of regulatory networks and the impact of genetic variants on gene dysregulation in LOAD at a cell subtype resolution. Our findings reveal crosstalk between epigenetic, genomic, and transcriptomic determinants of LOAD pathogenesis and define catalogues of candidate genes, cCREs, and variants involved in LOAD genetic etiology and the cell subtypes in which they act to exert their pathogenic effects. Overall, these results suggest that cell subtype-specific cis-trans interactions between regulatory elements and TFs, and the genes dysregulated by these networks contribute to the development of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gamache
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Gingerich
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - E Keats Shwab
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Julio Barrera
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Cordelia Hume
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3382, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Lana D, Magni G, Landucci E, Wenk GL, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Giovannini MG. Phenomic Microglia Diversity as a Druggable Target in the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13668. [PMID: 37761971 PMCID: PMC10531074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenomics, the complexity of microglia phenotypes and their related functions compels the continuous study of microglia in disease animal models to find druggable targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Activation of microglia was long considered detrimental for neuron survival, but more recently it has become apparent that the real scenario of microglia morphofunctional diversity is far more complex. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the alterations in microglia phenomics in the hippocampus of animal models of normal brain aging, acute neuroinflammation, ischemia, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. Microglia undergo phenomic changes consisting of transcriptional, functional, and morphological changes that transform them into cells with different properties and functions. The classical subdivision of microglia into M1 and M2, two different, all-or-nothing states is too simplistic, and does not correspond to the variety of phenotypes recently discovered in the brain. We will discuss the phenomic modifications of microglia focusing not only on the differences in microglia reactivity in the diverse models of neurodegenerative disorders, but also among different areas of the brain. For instance, in contiguous and highly interconnected regions of the rat hippocampus, microglia show a differential, finely regulated, and region-specific reactivity, demonstrating that microglia responses are not uniform, but vary significantly from area to area in response to insults. It is of great interest to verify whether the differences in microglia reactivity may explain the differential susceptibility of different brain areas to insults, and particularly the higher sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal neurons to inflammatory stimuli. Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microglia phenomics in health and disease is of paramount importance to find new druggable targets for the development of novel microglia-targeted therapies in different CNS disorders. This will allow interventions in three different ways: (i) by suppressing the pro-inflammatory properties of microglia to limit the deleterious effect of their activation; (ii) by modulating microglia phenotypic change to favor anti-inflammatory properties; (iii) by influencing microglia priming early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gary L. Wenk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Domenico Edoardo Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
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40
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Yao AY, Halloran PJ, Ge Y, Singh N, Zhou J, Galske J, He W, Yan R, Hu X. Bace1 Deletion in the Adult Reverses Epileptiform Activity and Sleep-wake Disturbances in AD Mice. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6197-6211. [PMID: 37536983 PMCID: PMC10476643 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2124-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the risk for seizures and sleep disorders. We show here that germline deletion of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) in neurons, but not in astrocytes, increased epileptiform activity. However, Bace1 deletion at adult ages did not alter the normal EEG waveform, indicating less concern for BACE1 inhibition in patients. Moreover, we showed that deletion of Bace1 in the adult was able to reverse epileptiform activity in 5xFAD mice. Intriguingly, treating 5xFAD and APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F (APP KI) mice of either sex with one BACE1 inhibitor Lanabecestat (AZD3293) dramatically increased epileptiform spiking, likely resulting from an off-target effect. We also monitored sleep-wake pathologies in these mice and showed increased wakefulness, decreased non-rapid eye movement sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep in both 5xFAD and APP KI mice; BACE1 inhibition in the adult 5xFAD mice reversed plaque load and sleep disturbances, but this was not seen in APP KI mice. Further studies with and without BACE1 inhibitor treatment showed different levels of plaque-associated microgliosis and activated microglial proteins in 5xFAD mice compared with APP KI mice. Together, BACE1 inhibition should be developed to avoid off-target effect for achieving benefits in reducing epileptic activity and sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT BACE1 is widely recognized as a therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease patients. However, BACE1 inhibitors failed in clinical trials because of inability to show cognitive improvement in patients. Here we show that BACE1 inhibition actually reduces sleep disturbances and epileptic seizures; both are seen in AD patients. We further showed that one of clinically tested BACE1 inhibitors does have off-target effects, and development of safer BACE1 inhibitors will be beneficial to AD patients. Results from this study will provide useful guidance for additional drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Y Yao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Patrick J Halloran
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Yingying Ge
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - James Galske
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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Reddaway J, Richardson PE, Bevan RJ, Stoneman J, Palombo M. Microglial morphometric analysis: so many options, so little consistency. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1211188. [PMID: 37637472 PMCID: PMC10448193 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1211188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of microglial activation through morphometric analysis has long been a staple of the neuroimmunologist's toolkit. Microglial morphological phenomics can be conducted through either manual classification or constructing a digital skeleton and extracting morphometric data from it. Multiple open-access and paid software packages are available to generate these skeletons via semi-automated and/or fully automated methods with varying degrees of accuracy. Despite advancements in methods to generate morphometrics (quantitative measures of cellular morphology), there has been limited development of tools to analyze the datasets they generate, in particular those containing parameters from tens of thousands of cells analyzed by fully automated pipelines. In this review, we compare and critique the approaches using cluster analysis and machine learning driven predictive algorithms that have been developed to tackle these large datasets, and propose improvements for these methods. In particular, we highlight the need for a commitment to open science from groups developing these classifiers. Furthermore, we call attention to a need for communication between those with a strong software engineering/computer science background and neuroimmunologists to produce effective analytical tools with simplified operability if we are to see their wide-spread adoption by the glia biology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Reddaway
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute (NMHII), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan J. Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Stoneman
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Palombo
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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42
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Mowry FE, Espejo-Porras F, Jin S, Quadri Z, Wu L, Bertolio M, Jarvis R, Reynolds C, Alananzeh R, Bieberich E, Yang Y. Chronic nSMase inhibition suppresses neuronal exosome spreading and sex-specifically attenuates amyloid pathology in APP knock-in Alzheimer's disease mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106213. [PMID: 37364689 PMCID: PMC10777534 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Female biased pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been consistently observed with unclear underlying mechanisms. Although brain sphingolipid ceramide is elevated in AD patients, whether and how ceramide may contribute to sex-specific differences in amyloid pathology is unknown. Here we investigated the sex-specific impact of chronic pharmacological inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), a key enzyme responsible for ceramide metabolism, on in vivo neuron-derived exosome dynamics, Aβ plaque load, and cognitive function in the APPNL-F/NL-F knock-in (APP NL-F) AD mouse model. Our results found sex-specific increase of cortical C20:0 ceramide and brain exosome levels only in APP NL-F but not in age-matched WT mice. Although nSMase inhibition similarly blocks exosome spreading in male and female mice, significantly reduced amyloid pathology was mostly observed in cortex and hippocampus of female APP NL-F mice with only modest effect found on male APP NL-F mice. Consistently, T maze test to examine spatial working memory revealed a female-specific reduction in spontaneous alternation rate in APP NL-F mice, which was fully reversed with chronic nSMase inhibition. Together, our results suggest that disease induced changes in ceramide and exosome pathways contribute to the progression of female-specific amyloid pathology in APP NL-F AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E Mowry
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Francisco Espejo-Porras
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Shijie Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Marcela Bertolio
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Rachel Jarvis
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Caroline Reynolds
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Rashed Alananzeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, United States.
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Yang SS, Simtchouk S, Gibon J, Klegeris A. Regulation of the phagocytic activity of astrocytes by neuroimmune mediators endogenous to the central nervous system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289169. [PMID: 37498903 PMCID: PMC10374099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic activity of glial cells is essential for maintaining normal brain activity, and its dysfunction may contribute to the central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Phagocytic activity is one of the well-established neuroimmune functions of microglia. Although emerging evidence indicates that astrocytes can also function as CNS phagocytes in humans and rodents, limited information is available about the molecular mechanism regulating this function. To address this knowledge gap, we studied modulation of the phagocytic activity of human U118 MG astrocytic cells and murine primary astrocytes by four CNS inflammatory mediators and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS and cytochrome c (CytC) upregulated, while interferon (IFN)-γ downregulated, phagocytosis of latex beads by human astrocytic cells and phagocytosis of synaptosomes by murine primary astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α had no effect on the phagocytic activity of human astrocytic cells but upregulated this function in murine astrocytes. Varying effects of combinations of the above inflammatory mediators were observed in these two cell types. LPS- and CytC-induced phagocytic activity of human astrocytic cells was partially mediated by activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). By monitoring other functions of astrocytes, we concluded there were no correlations between the effects of the mediators studied on astrocyte phagocytic activity and their secretion of cytokines, cytotoxins, or glutamate. Our study identified four candidate CNS regulators of astrocyte phagocytic activity. Future investigation of molecular mechanisms behind this regulation could identify novel therapeutic targets allowing modulation of this astrocyte-mediated clearance mechanism in CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Shirley Yang
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Svetlana Simtchouk
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julien Gibon
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Paul M, Paul JW, Hinwood M, Hood RJ, Martin K, Abdolhoseini M, Johnson SJ, Pollack M, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Clopidogrel Administration Impairs Post-Stroke Learning and Memory Recovery in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11706. [PMID: 37511466 PMCID: PMC10380815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel, which is one of the most prescribed antiplatelet medications in the world, is given to stroke survivors for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events. Clopidogrel exerts its antiplatelet activity via antagonism of the P2Y12 receptor (P2RY12). Although not widely known or considered during the initial clinical trials for clopidogrel, P2RY12 is also expressed on microglia, which are the brain's immune cells, where the receptor facilitates chemotactic migration toward sites of cellular damage. If microglial P2RY12 is blocked, microglia lose the ability to migrate to damaged sites and carry out essential repair processes. We aimed to investigate whether administering clopidogrel to mice post-stroke was associated with (i) impaired motor skills and cognitive recovery; (ii) physiological changes, such as survival rate and body weight; (iii) changes in the neurovascular unit, including blood vessels, microglia, and neurons; and (iv) changes in immune cells. Photothrombotic stroke (or sham surgery) was induced in adult male mice. From 24 h post-stroke, mice were treated daily for 14 days with either clopidogrel or a control. Cognitive performance (memory and learning) was assessed using a mouse touchscreen platform (paired associated learning task), while motor impairment was assessed using the cylinder task for paw asymmetry. On day 15, the mice were euthanized and their brains were collected for immunohistochemistry analysis. Clopidogrel administration significantly impaired learning and memory recovery, reduced mouse survival rates, and reduced body weight post-stroke. Furthermore, clopidogrel significantly increased vascular leakage, significantly increased the number and appearance of microglia, and significantly reduced the number of T cells within the peri-infarct region post-stroke. These data suggest that clopidogrel hampers cognitive performance post-stroke. This effect is potentially mediated by an increase in vascular permeability post-stroke, providing a pathway for clopidogrel to access the central nervous system, and thus, interfere in repair and recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Paul
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Paul
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Madeleine Hinwood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Hood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kristy Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Abdolhoseini
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sarah J Johnson
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Michael Pollack
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Reiss AB, Muhieddine D, Jacob B, Mesbah M, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: The Search for a Breakthrough. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1084. [PMID: 37374288 PMCID: PMC10302500 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As the search for modalities to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made slow progress, research has now turned to innovative pathways involving neural and peripheral inflammation and neuro-regeneration. Widely used AD treatments provide only symptomatic relief without changing the disease course. The recently FDA-approved anti-amyloid drugs, aducanumab and lecanemab, have demonstrated unclear real-world efficacy with a substantial side effect profile. Interest is growing in targeting the early stages of AD before irreversible pathologic changes so that cognitive function and neuronal viability can be preserved. Neuroinflammation is a fundamental feature of AD that involves complex relationships among cerebral immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could be altered pharmacologically by AD therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the manipulations attempted in pre-clinical experiments. These include inhibition of microglial receptors, attenuation of inflammation and enhancement of toxin-clearing autophagy. In addition, modulation of the microbiome-brain-gut axis, dietary changes, and increased mental and physical exercise are under evaluation as ways to optimize brain health. As the scientific and medical communities work together, new solutions may be on the horizon to slow or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Dalia Muhieddine
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Berlin Jacob
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Michael Mesbah
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Irving H. Gomolin
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | | | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
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Kwon YJ, Kwon OI, Hwang HJ, Shin HC, Yang S. Therapeutic effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193590. [PMID: 37305552 PMCID: PMC10249478 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are natural polyphenolic compounds produced by brown marine algae and are currently found in nutritional supplements. Although they are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, their neuropharmacological actions remain unclear. Here we review the potential therapeutic benefits of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, ethanol intoxication and fear stress, the phlorotannin monomer phloroglucinol and the compounds eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A have been shown to improve cognitive function. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, phloroglucinol treatment led to improved motor performance. Additional neurological benefits associated with phlorotannin intake have been demonstrated in stroke, sleep disorders, and pain response. These effects may stem from the inhibition of disease-inducing plaque synthesis and aggregation, suppression of microglial activation, modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling, reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Clinical trials of phlorotannins have not reported significant adverse effects, suggesting these compounds to be promising bioactive agents in the treatment of neurological diseases. We therefore propose a putative biophysical mechanism of phlorotannin action in addition to future directions for phlorotannin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oh Ig Kwon
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hye Jeong Hwang
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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48
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Susmitha G, Kumar R. Role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109478. [PMID: 36871788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly and detected during the advanced stages where the chances of reversal are minimum. The gut-brain axis mediates a bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, which is dependent on bacterial products such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and neurotransmitters. Accumulating lines of evidence suggests that AD is associated with significant alteration in the composition of gut microbiota. Furthermore, transfer of gut microbiota from healthy individuals to patients can reshape the gut microbiota structure and thus holds the potential to be exploited for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, AD-associated gut dysbiosis can be partially reversed by using probiotics, prebiotics, natural compounds and dietary modifications, but need further validations. Reversal of AD associated gut dysbiosis alleviate AD-associated pathological feature and therefore can be explored as a therapeutic approach in the future. The current review article will describe various studies suggesting that AD dysbiosis occurs with AD and highlights the causal role by focussing on the interventions that hold the potential to reverse the gut dysbiosis partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudimetla Susmitha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.
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Wang M, Tang G, Zhou C, Guo H, Hu Z, Hu Q, Li G. Revisiting the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease from the perspective of ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110387. [PMID: 36758888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chronic neuroinflammation with amyloid beta-protein deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The typical clinical manifestation of AD is progressive memory impairment, and AD is considered a multifactorial disease with various etiologies (genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, etc.) and complicated pathophysiological processes. Previous research identified that neuroinflammation and typical microglial activation are significant mechanisms underlying AD, resulting in dysfunction of the nervous system and progression of the disease. Ferroptosis is a novel modality involved in this process. As an iron-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and irreversible plasma membrane disruption, promotes AD by accelerating neuronal dysfunction and abnormal microglial activation. In this case, disturbances in brain iron homeostasis and neuronal ferroptosis aggravate neuroinflammation and lead to the abnormal activation of microglia. Abnormally activated microglia release various pro-inflammatory factors that aggravate the dysregulation of iron homeostasis and neuroinflammation, forming a vicious cycle. In this review, we first introduce ferroptosis, microglia, AD, and their relationship. Second, we discuss the nonnegligible role of ferroptosis in the abnormal microglial activation involved in the chronic neuroinflammation of AD to provide new ideas for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Gan Tang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Congfa Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zihui Hu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Qixing Hu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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50
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Bader AS, Gnädig MU, Fricke M, Büschgens L, Berger LJ, Klafki HW, Meyer T, Jahn O, Weggen S, Wirths O. Brain Region-Specific Differences in Amyloid-β Plaque Composition in 5XFAD Mice. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041053. [PMID: 37109582 PMCID: PMC10145597 DOI: 10.3390/life13041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile plaques consisting of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides are a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ peptides are heterogeneous regarding the exact length of their amino- and carboxy-termini. Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 are often considered to represent canonical "full-length" Aβ species. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the distribution of Aβ1-x, Aβx-42 and Aβ4-x species in amyloid deposits in the subiculum, hippocampus and cortex in 5XFAD mice during aging. Overall plaque load increased in all three brain regions, with the subiculum being the area with the strongest relative plaque coverage. In the subiculum, but not in the other brain regions, the Aβ1-x load peaked at an age of five months and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the density of plaques positive for N-terminally truncated Aβ4-x species increased continuously over time. We hypothesize that ongoing plaque remodeling takes place, leading to a conversion of deposited Aβ1-x peptides into Aβ4-x peptides in brain regions with a high Aβ plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Sabine Bader
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius-Uwe Gnädig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Merle Fricke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luca Büschgens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Josefine Berger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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