1
|
Wu PY, Ji L, De Sanctis C, Francesconi A, Inglebert Y, McKinney RA. Loss of synaptopodin impairs mGluR5 and protein synthesis-dependent mGluR-LTD at CA3-CA1 synapses. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae062. [PMID: 38384385 PMCID: PMC10879843 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) is an important form of synaptic plasticity that occurs in many regions of the central nervous system and is the underlying mechanism for several learning paradigms. In the hippocampus, mGluR-LTD is manifested by the weakening of synaptic transmission and elimination of dendritic spines. Interestingly, not all spines respond or undergo plasticity equally in response to mGluR-LTD. A subset of dendritic spines containing synaptopodin (SP), an actin-associated protein is critical for mGluR-LTD and protects spines from elimination through mGluR1 activity. The precise cellular function of SP is still enigmatic and it is still unclear how SP contributes to the functional aspect of mGluR-LTD despite its modulation of the structural plasticity. In this study, we show that the lack of SP impairs mGluR-LTD by negatively affecting the mGluR5-dependent activity. Such impairment of mGluR5 activity is accompanied by a significant decrease of surface mGluR5 level in SP knockout (SPKO) mice. Intriguingly, the remaining mGluR-LTD becomes a protein synthesis-independent process in the SPKO and is mediated instead by endocannabinoid signaling. These data indicate that the postsynaptic protein SP can regulate the locus of expression of mGluR-LTD and provide insight into our understanding of spine/synapse-specific plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Linjia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claudia De Sanctis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Anna Francesconi
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yanis Inglebert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - R Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu PY, Ji L, De Sanctis C, Francesconi A, Inglebert Y, McKinney RA. Loss of synaptopodin impairs mGluR5 and protein synthesis dependent mGluR-LTD at CA3-CA1 synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551676. [PMID: 37577654 PMCID: PMC10418280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) is an important form of synaptic plasticity that occurs in many regions of the CNS and is the underlying mechanism for several learning paradigms. In the hippocampus, mGluR-LTD is manifested by the weakening of synaptic transmission and elimination of dendritic spines. Interestingly, not all spines respond or undergo plasticity equally in response to mGluR-LTD. A subset of dendritic spines containing synaptopodin (SP), an actin-associated protein, are critical for mGluR-LTD and protect spines from elimination through mGluR1 activity. The precise cellular function of SP is still enigmatic and it is still unclear how SP contributes to the functional aspect of mGluR-LTD despite of its modulation on the structural plasticity. In the present study, we show that the lack of SP impairs mGluR-LTD by negatively affecting the mGluR5-dependent activity. Such impairment of mGluR5 activity is accompanied by a significant decrease of surface mGluR5 level in SP knockout (SPKO) mice. Intriguingly, the remaining mGluR-LTD becomes a protein synthesis-independent process in the SPKO and is mediated instead by endocannabinoid signaling. These data show for the first time that the postsynaptic protein SP can regulate the locus of expression of mGluR-LTD and provide insight to our understanding of spine/synapse-specific plasticity. Significance statement Hippocampal group I metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD), a form of learning and memory, is misregulated in many murine models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite extensive studies there is a paucity of information on the molecular mechanism underlying mGluR-LTD. Previously, we reported that loss of synaptopodin, an actin-associated protein found in a subset of mature dendritic spines, impairs mGluR-LTD. In the current study, we uncover the molecular and cellular deficits involved. We find that synaptopodin is required for the mGluR5-Homer interaction and uncover synaptopodin as a molecular switch for mGluR-LTD expression, as mGluR-LTD becomes protein synthesis-independent and relies on endocannabinoid signaling in synaptopodin knock-out. This work provides insight into synaptopodin as a gatekeeper to regulate mGluR-LTD at hippocampal synapses.
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Menna L, Orlando R, D'Errico G, Ginerete RP, Machaczka A, Bonaccorso CM, Arena A, Spatuzza M, Celli R, Alborghetti M, Ciocca E, Zuena AR, Scioli MR, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Catania MV. Blunted type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in two mouse models of monogenic autism. Neuropharmacology 2023:109642. [PMID: 37392820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the mGlu5 receptors in the pathophysiology of several forms of monogenic autism has been supported by numerous studies following the seminal observation that mGlu5 receptor-dependent long-term depression was enhanced in the hippocampus of mice modeling the fragile-X syndrome (FXS). Surprisingly, there are no studies examining the canonical signal transduction pathway activated by mGlu5 receptors (i.e. polyphosphoinositide - PI - hydrolysis) in mouse models of autism. We have developed a method for in vivo assessment of PI hydrolysis based on systemic injection of lithium chloride followed by treatment with the selective mGlu5 receptor PAM, VU0360172, and measurement of endogenous inositolmonophosphate (InsP) in brain tissue. Here, we report that mGlu5 receptor-mediated PI hydrolysis was blunted in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum of Ube3am-/p+ mice modeling Angelman syndrome (AS), and in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of fmr1 knockout mice modeling FXS. In vivo mGlu5 receptor-mediated stimulation of Akt on threonine 308 was also blunted in the hippocampus of FXS mice. These changes were associated with a significant increase in cortical and striatal Homer1 levels and striatal mGlu5 receptor and Gαq levels in AS mice, and with a reduction in cortical mGlu5 receptor and hippocampal Gαq levels, and an increase in cortical phospholipase-Cβ and hippocampal Homer1 levels in FXS mice. This is the first evidence that the canonical transduction pathway activated by mGlu5 receptors is down-regulated in brain regions of mice modeling monogenic autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosamaria Orlando
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Agata Machaczka
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Marika Alborghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ciocca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Zuena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Catania
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, The National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nicoletti F, Di Menna L, Iacovelli L, Orlando R, Zuena AR, Conn PJ, Dogra S, Joffe ME. GPCR interactions involving metabotropic glutamate receptors and their relevance to the pathophysiology and treatment of CNS disorders. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109569. [PMID: 37142158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor activation are shaped by mechanisms of receptor-receptor interaction. mGlu receptor subtypes form homodimers, intra- or inter-group heterodimers, and heteromeric complexes with other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In addition, mGlu receptors may functionally interact with other receptors through the βγ subunits released from G proteins in response to receptor activation or other mechanisms. Here, we discuss the interactions between (i) mGlu1 and GABAB receptors in cerebellar Purkinje cells; (ii) mGlu2 and 5-HT2Aserotonergic receptors in the prefrontal cortex; (iii) mGlu5 and A2A receptors or mGlu5 and D1 dopamine receptors in medium spiny projection neurons of the indirect and direct pathways of the basal ganglia motor circuit; (iv) mGlu5 and A2A receptors in relation to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease; and (v) mGlu7 and A1 adenosine or α- or β1 adrenergic receptors. In addition, we describe in detail a novel form of non-heterodimeric interaction between mGlu3 and mGlu5 receptors, which appears to be critically involved in mechanisms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Finally, we highlight the potential implication of these interactions in the pathophysiology and treatment of cerebellar disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias, stress-related disorders, and cognitive dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | | | - Luisa Iacovelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Orlando
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Zuena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Italy; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shalini Dogra
- Department of Pharmacology, Italy; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Max E Joffe
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holter KM, Pierce BE, Gould RW. Metabotropic glutamate receptor function and regulation of sleep-wake cycles. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:93-175. [PMID: 36868636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are the most abundant family of G-protein coupled receptors and are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in glutamate homeostasis, including dysregulations in mGlu receptor function, have been indicated as key contributors to multiple CNS disorders. Fluctuations in mGlu receptor expression and function also occur across diurnal sleep-wake cycles. Sleep disturbances including insomnia are frequently comorbid with neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative conditions. These often precede behavioral symptoms and/or correlate with symptom severity and relapse. Chronic sleep disturbances may also be a consequence of primary symptom progression and can exacerbate neurodegeneration in disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, there is a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and CNS disorders; disrupted sleep may serve as both a cause and a consequence of the disorder. Importantly, comorbid sleep disturbances are rarely a direct target of primary pharmacological treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders even though improving sleep can positively impact other symptom clusters. This chapter details known roles of mGlu receptor subtypes in both sleep-wake regulation and CNS disorders focusing on schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, AD, and substance use disorder (cocaine and opioid). In this chapter, preclinical electrophysiological, genetic, and pharmacological studies are described, and, when possible, human genetic, imaging, and post-mortem studies are also discussed. In addition to reviewing the important relationships between sleep, mGlu receptors, and CNS disorders, this chapter highlights the development of selective mGlu receptor ligands that hold promise for improving both primary symptoms and sleep disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Holter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bethany E Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The neuroprotective and neuroplastic potential of glutamatergic therapeutic drugs in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Purushotham SS, Reddy NMN, D'Souza MN, Choudhury NR, Ganguly A, Gopalakrishna N, Muddashetty R, Clement JP. A perspective on molecular signalling dysfunction, its clinical relevance and therapeutics in autism spectrum disorder. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2525-2567. [PMID: 36063192 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that have become a primary clinical and social concern, with a prevalence of 2-3% in the population. Neuronal function and behaviour undergo significant malleability during the critical period of development that is found to be impaired in ID/ASD. Human genome sequencing studies have revealed many genetic variations associated with ASD/ID that are further verified by many approaches, including many mouse and other models. These models have facilitated the identification of fundamental mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ASD/ID, and several studies have proposed converging molecular pathways in ASD/ID. However, linking the mechanisms of the pathogenic genes and their molecular characteristics that lead to ID/ASD has progressed slowly, hampering the development of potential therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the possibility of recognising the common molecular causes for most ASD/ID based on studies from the available models that may enable a better therapeutic strategy to treat ID/ASD. We also reviewed the potential biomarkers to detect ASD/ID at early stages that may aid in diagnosis and initiating medical treatment, the concerns with drug failure in clinical trials, and developing therapeutic strategies that can be applied beyond a particular mutation associated with ASD/ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha S Purushotham
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Neeharika M N Reddy
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Michelle Ninochka D'Souza
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Nilpawan Roy Choudhury
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Anusa Ganguly
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Niharika Gopalakrishna
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Ravi Muddashetty
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma A, Bhalla S, Mehan S. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling inhibitor chrysophanol ameliorates neurobehavioural and neurochemical defects in propionic acid-induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1909-1929. [PMID: 35687217 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social and communication deficits as well as repetitive behaviour. Several studies have found that overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways during brain development plays a significant role in autism pathogenesis. Overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway causes neurological disorders by increasing cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a naturally occurring chemical obtained from the plant Rheum palmatum. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect of CPH on neurobehavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological alterations in ICV-PPA induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. The effects of ICV-PPA on PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation in the brain were studied in autism-like rats. Furthermore, we investigated how CPH affected myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in rat brain homogenate and apoptotic biomarkers such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma samples. Rats were tested for behavioural abnormalities such as neuromuscular dysfunction using an actophotometer, motor coordination using a beam crossing task (BCT), depressive behaviour using a forced swim test (FST), cognitive deficiency, and memory consolidation using a Morris water maze (MWM) task. In PPA-treated rats, prolonged oral CPH administration from day 12 to day 44 of the experimental schedule reduces autistic-like symptoms. Furthermore, in rat brain homogenates, blood plasma, and CSF samples, cellular, molecular, and cell death markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress indicators were investigated. The recent findings imply that CPH also restores abnormal neurochemical levels and may prevent autism-like gross pathological alterations, such as demyelination volume, in the rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F. The Homer1 family of proteins at the crossroad of dopamine-glutamate signaling: An emerging molecular "Lego" in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A systematic review and translational insight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104596. [PMID: 35248676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Once considered only scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD), Homer1 proteins are increasingly emerging as multimodal adaptors that integrate different signal transduction pathways within PSD, involved in motor and cognitive functions, with putative implications in psychiatric disorders. Regulation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, modulation of calcium signaling, tuning of long-term potentiation, organization of dendritic spines' growth, as well as meta- and homeostatic plasticity control are only a few of the multiple endocellular and synaptic functions that have been linked to Homer1. Findings from preclinical studies, as well as genetic studies conducted in humans, suggest that both constitutive (Homer1b/c) and inducible (Homer1a) isoforms of Homer1 play a role in the neurobiology of several psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. On this background, Homer1 has been proposed as a putative novel target in psychopharmacological treatments. The aim of this review is to summarize and systematize the growing body of evidence on Homer proteins, highlighting the role of Homer1 in the pathophysiology and therapy of mental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang XJ, Su GJ, Wu CW, Sha XS, Zou JF, Liu XS, Li M, He Y. Knockdown of rno_circRNA_009194 Improves Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats through Inhibiting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Nav1.3. J Neurotrauma 2021; 39:196-210. [PMID: 34726508 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.3 has been recently reported in secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulating voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.3) have not been well understood. The present study used a TBI rat model induced by a fluid percussion device and performed a circular RNA (circRNA) microarray (n = 3) to profile the altered circRNAs in the hippocampus after TBI. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) validation, certain circRNAs were selected to investigate the function and mechanism in regulating Nav1.3 in the TBI rat model by intracerebroventricular injection with lentivirus. The neurological outcome was evaluated by Morris water maze test, modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), brain water content measurement, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The related molecular mechanisms were explored with PCR, Western blotting, luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). A total of 347 circRNAs were observed to be differentially expressed (fold change [FC] ≥ 1.2 and p < 0.05) after TBI, including 234 up-regulated and 113 down-regulated circRNAs. Among 10 validated circRNAs, we selected circRNA_009194 with the maximized up-regulated fold change (n = 5, FC = 4.45, p < 0.001) for the in vivo functional experiments. Down-regulation of circRNA_009194 resulted in a 27.5% reduced mNSS in rat brain (n = 6, p < 0.01) after TBI and regulated the expression levels of miR-145-3p, Sp1, and Nav1.3, which was reversed by sh-miR-145-3p or Sp1/Nav1.3 overexpression (n = 5, p < 0.05). Mechanistically, circRNA_009194 might act as a sponge for miR-145-3p to regulate Sp1-mediated Nav1.3. This study demonstrated that circRNA_009194 knockdown could improve neurological outcomes in TBI in vivo by inhibiting Nav1.3, directly or indirectly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jian Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gao-Jian Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chu-Wei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Song Sha
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Membrane trafficking and positioning of mGluRs at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites of excitatory synapses. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108799. [PMID: 34592242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The plethora of functions of glutamate in the brain are mediated by the complementary actions of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The ionotropic glutamate receptors carry most of the fast excitatory transmission, while mGluRs modulate transmission on longer timescales by triggering multiple intracellular signaling pathways. As such, mGluRs mediate critical aspects of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Interestingly, at synapses, mGluRs operate at both sides of the cleft, and thus bidirectionally exert the effects of glutamate. At postsynaptic sites, group I mGluRs act to modulate excitability and plasticity. At presynaptic sites, group II and III mGluRs act as auto-receptors, modulating release properties in an activity-dependent manner. Thus, synaptic mGluRs are essential signal integrators that functionally couple presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms of transmission and plasticity. Understanding how these receptors reach the membrane and are positioned relative to the presynaptic glutamate release site are therefore important aspects of synapse biology. In this review, we will discuss the currently known mechanisms underlying the trafficking and positioning of mGluRs at and around synapses, and how these mechanisms contribute to synaptic functioning. We will highlight outstanding questions and present an outlook on how recent technological developments will move this exciting research field forward.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chiu AS, Kang MC, Huerta Sanchez LL, Fabella AM, Holder KN, Barger BD, Elias KN, Shin CB, Jimenez Chavez CL, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Preclinical evidence to support repurposing everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2090-2100. [PMID: 34188183 PMCID: PMC8505628 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30-46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with everolimus (0-1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. In addition, everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. everolimus' "anti-incubation" effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Fabella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kalysta N Holder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Brooke D Barger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kristina N Elias
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christina B Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - C Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dogra S, Stansley BJ, Xiang Z, Qian W, Gogliotti RG, Nicoletti F, Lindsley CW, Niswender CM, Joffe ME, Conn PJ. Activating mGlu 3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Rescues Schizophrenia-like Cognitive Deficits Through Metaplastic Adaptations Within the Hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:385-398. [PMID: 33965197 PMCID: PMC8403106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in GRM3, the gene encoding the mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptor, are associated with impaired cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Limited availability of selective genetic and molecular tools has hindered progress in developing a clear understanding of the mechanisms through which mGlu3 receptors regulate synaptic plasticity and cognition. METHODS We examined associative learning in mice with trace fear conditioning, a hippocampal-dependent learning task disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. Underlying cellular mechanisms were assessed using ex vivo hippocampal slice preparations with selective pharmacological tools and selective genetic deletion of mGlu3 receptor expression in specific neuronal subpopulations. RESULTS mGlu3 receptor activation enhanced trace fear conditioning and reversed deficits induced by subchronic phencyclidine. Mechanistic studies revealed that mGlu3 receptor activation induced metaplastic changes, biasing afferent stimulation to induce long-term potentiation through an mGlu5 receptor-dependent, endocannabinoid-mediated, disinhibitory mechanism. Selective genetic deletion of either mGlu3 or mGlu5 from hippocampal pyramidal cells eliminated effects of mGlu3 activation, revealing a novel mechanism by which mGlu3 and mGlu5 interact to enhance cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that activation of mGlu3 receptors in hippocampal pyramidal cells enhances hippocampal-dependent cognition in control and impaired mice by inducing a novel form of metaplasticity to regulate circuit function, providing a clear mechanism through which genetic variation in GRM3 can contribute to cognitive deficits. Developing approaches to positively modulate mGlu3 receptor function represents an encouraging new avenue for treating cognitive disruption in schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dogra
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Branden J. Stansley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Weilun Qian
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rocco G. Gogliotti
- Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience Department, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Max E. Joffe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Correspondence to: Max E. Joffe, Ph.D., Research Instructor, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 12475E MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232-0697, Tel. (615) 322-6730, Fax. (615) 343-3088, , Twitter: @mejoffe; P. Jeffrey Conn, Ph.D., Lee E. Limbird Professor of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, 1205 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0697, Tel. (615) 936-2478, Fax. (615) 343-3088,
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Correspondence to: Max E. Joffe, Ph.D., Research Instructor, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 12475E MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232-0697, Tel. (615) 322-6730, Fax. (615) 343-3088, , Twitter: @mejoffe; P. Jeffrey Conn, Ph.D., Lee E. Limbird Professor of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, 1205 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0697, Tel. (615) 936-2478, Fax. (615) 343-3088,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abd-Elrahman KS, Ferguson SSG. Noncanonical Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:235-254. [PMID: 34516293 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-021821-091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is ubiquitously expressed in brain regions responsible for memory and learning. It plays a key role in modulating rapid changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity. mGluR5 supports long-term changes in synaptic strength by regulating the transcription and translation of essential synaptic proteins. β-Amyloid 42 (Aβ42) oligomers interact with a mGluR5/cellular prion protein (PrPC) complex to disrupt physiological mGluR5 signal transduction. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and associated synaptic failure are considered an emerging pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, mGluR5 represents an attractive therapeutic target for AD, and recent studies continue to validate the efficacy of various mGluR5 allosteric modulators in improving memory deficits and mitigating disease pathology. However, sex-specific differences in the pharmacology of mGluR5 and activation of noncanonical signaling downstream of the receptor suggest that its utility as a therapeutic target in female AD patients needs to be reconsidered. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; email
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fyke W, Velinov M. FMR1 and Autism, an Intriguing Connection Revisited. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081218. [PMID: 34440392 PMCID: PMC8394635 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a distinct phenotype of behavioral dysfunction that includes deficiencies in communication and stereotypic behaviors. ASD affects about 2% of the US population. It is a highly heritable spectrum of conditions with substantial genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations in over 100 genes have been reported in association with ASD phenotypes. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common single-gene disorder associated with ASD. The gene associated with FXS, FMR1 is located on chromosome X. Accordingly, the condition has more severe manifestations in males. FXS results from the loss of function of FMR1 due to the expansion of an unstable CGG repeat located in the 5'' untranslated region of the gene. About 50% of the FXS males and 20% of the FXS females meet the Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5) criteria for ASD. Among the individuals with ASD, about 3% test positive for FXS. FMRP, the protein product of FMR1, is a major gene regulator in the central nervous system. Multiple pathways regulated by FMRP are found to be dysfunctional in ASD patients who do not have FXS. Thus, FXS presents the opportunity to study cellular phenomena that may have wider applications in the management of ASD and to develop new strategies for ASD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Fyke
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reshetnikov VV, Bondar NP. The Role of Stress-Induced Changes of Homer1 Expression in Stress Susceptibility. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:613-626. [PMID: 34225586 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress negatively affects processes of synaptic plasticity and is a major risk factor of various psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. HOMER1 is an important component of the postsynaptic density: constitutively expressed long isoforms HOMER1b and HOMER1c bind to group I metabotropic glutamate receptors MGLUR1 (GRM1) and MGLUR5 and to other effector proteins, thereby forming a postsynaptic protein scaffold. Activation of the GLUR1-HOMER1b,c and/or GLUR5-HOMER1b,c complex regulates activity of the NMDA and AMPA receptors and Ca2+ homeostasis, thus modulating various types of synaptic plasticity. Dominant negative transcript Homer1a is formed as a result of activity-induced alternative termination of transcription. Expression of this truncated isoform in response to neuronal activation impairs interactions of HOMER1b,c with adaptor proteins, triggers ligand-independent signal transduction through MGLUR1 and/or MGLUR5, leads to suppression of the AMPA- and NMDA-mediated signal transmission, and thereby launches remodeling of the postsynaptic protein scaffold and inhibits long-term potentiation. The studies on animal models confirm that the HOMER1a-dependent remodeling most likely plays an important part in the stress susceptibility, whereas HOMER1a itself can be regarded as a neuroprotector. In this review article, we consider the effects of different stressors in various animal models on HOMER1 expression as well as impact of different HOMER1 variants on human behavior as well as structural and functional characteristics of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Di Cicco G, Marzano E, Iacovelli L, Celli R, van Luijtelaar G, Nicoletti F, Ngomba RT, Wall MJ. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long term depression is disrupted in the hippocampus of WAG/Rij rats modelling absence epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108686. [PMID: 34197893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Absence epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that some forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity are abnormal in symptomatic Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. Metabotropic Glu 1/5 receptor-mediated long term depression (LTD) at Schaffer collateral CA1 synapses is significantly reduced in symptomatic, 5-6 months old WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched non epileptic control rats. There were no significant changes in mGlu1/5-dependent LTD in pre-symptomatic, 4-6 weeks old WAG/Rij rats compared to age matched controls. The changes in LTD found in symptomatic WAG/Rij forms are not indicative of general deficits in all forms of synaptic plasticity as long term potentiation (LTP) was unchanged. Immunoblot analysis of hippocampal tissue showed a significant reduction in mGlu5 receptor expression, a trend to an increase in pan Homer protein levels and a decrease in GluA1 receptor expression in the hippocampus of symptomatic WAG/Rij rats vs non-epileptic control rats. There were no changes in mGlu1α receptor or GluA2 protein levels. These findings suggest that abnormalities in hippocampal mGlu5 receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity are associated with the pathological phenotype of WAG/Rij rats. This lays the groundwork for the study of mGlu5 receptors as a candidate drug target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction linked to absence epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Cicco
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marzano
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Iacovelli
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Richard T Ngomba
- University of Lincoln, School of Pharmacy Lincoln, United Kingdom; and, Coventry, UK.
| | - Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lovelace JW, Rais M, Palacios AR, Shuai XS, Bishay S, Popa O, Pirbhoy PS, Binder DK, Nelson DL, Ethell IM, Razak KA. Deletion of Fmr1 from Forebrain Excitatory Neurons Triggers Abnormal Cellular, EEG, and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Auditory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:969-988. [PMID: 31364704 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of autism with symptoms that include sensory processing deficits. In both humans with FXS and a mouse model [Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse], electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings show enhanced resting state gamma power and reduced sound-evoked gamma synchrony. We previously showed that elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may contribute to these phenotypes by affecting perineuronal nets (PNNs) around parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the auditory cortex of Fmr1 KO mice. However, how different cell types within local cortical circuits contribute to these deficits is not known. Here, we examined whether Fmr1 deletion in forebrain excitatory neurons affects neural oscillations, MMP-9 activity, and PV/PNN expression in the auditory cortex. We found that cortical MMP-9 gelatinase activity, mTOR/Akt phosphorylation, and resting EEG gamma power were enhanced in CreNex1/Fmr1Flox/y conditional KO (cKO) mice, whereas the density of PV/PNN cells was reduced. The CreNex1/Fmr1Flox/y cKO mice also show increased locomotor activity, but not the anxiety-like behaviors. These results indicate that fragile X mental retardation protein changes in excitatory neurons in the cortex are sufficient to elicit cellular, electrophysiological, and behavioral phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice. More broadly, these results indicate that local cortical circuit abnormalities contribute to sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Otilia Popa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - David L Nelson
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fyke W, Alarcon JM, Velinov M, Chadman KK. Pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-α, induces autism spectrum disorder-like and co-morbid phenotypes in adult C57BL/J mice. Autism Res 2021; 14:1375-1389. [PMID: 33886158 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence links dysfunction in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) with the pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Variants in ECS genes CNR1 and DAGLA are associated with neurological phenotypes in humans. The endocannabinoids (eCBs), 2-AG and AEA, which act at the primary cannabinoid receptor (CB1), mediate behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. The overlap between these eCBs is poorly understood. Most ECS studies have focused on stress responses, anxiety, and epilepsy, however, its role in social behavior and communication has only recently come under investigation. This represents a critical gap in our understanding of the ECS and its relationship to ASD. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of ASD and a lack of therapeutics emphasize a crucial need for novel therapeutic targets. To this aim, we used an inhibitor of the eCB producing enzyme DGL-α, DO34, and the CB1 inverse agonist, rimonabant, to evaluate the role of the primary eCB, 2-AG, in ASD. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were used in a series of behavioral paradigms which assessed social behavior, social communication, repetitive behaviors, anxiety and locomotor activity. DO34 and rimonabant increased anxiety-like behavior, while only DO34 induced hyperactivity, social deficits, and repetitive self-grooming behavior. These data indicate that reduced 2-AG bioavailability, or CB1 inhibition, each induce unique respective behavioral phenotypes relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD. This suggests fundamental differences in CB1 signaling via 2-AG and the CB1 receptor itself, particularly for social behaviors, and that 2-AG signaling may represent a target for the development of novel therapeutics. LAY SUMMARY: Endocannabinoids play a critical role in the developing nervous system. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies suggest these variants may play a critical role in the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. In this study, pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-α, induced a constellation of deficits in behavioral domains associated with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Fyke
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,George A. Jervis Clinic, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- George A. Jervis Clinic, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn K Chadman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zehnder T, Petrelli F, Romanos J, De Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Lewis TL, Déglon N, Polleux F, Santello M, Bezzi P. Mitochondrial biogenesis in developing astrocytes regulates astrocyte maturation and synapse formation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108952. [PMID: 33852851 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling the post-natal maturation of astrocytes play a crucial role in ensuring correct synaptogenesis. We show that mitochondrial biogenesis in developing astrocytes is necessary for coordinating post-natal astrocyte maturation and synaptogenesis. The astrocytic mitochondrial biogenesis depends on the transient upregulation of metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), which is controlled by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). At tissue level, the loss or downregulation of astrocytic PGC-1α sustains astrocyte proliferation, dampens astrocyte morphogenesis, and impairs the formation and function of neighboring synapses, whereas its genetic re-expression is sufficient to restore the mitochondria compartment and correct astroglial and synaptic defects. Our findings show that the developmental enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis in astrocytes is a critical mechanism controlling astrocyte maturation and supporting synaptogenesis, thus suggesting that astrocytic mitochondria may be a therapeutic target in the case of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired synaptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zehnder
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Romanos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva C De Oliveira Figueiredo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mirko Santello
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Gu L, Yang HM, Zhang H. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand protects dopaminergic neurons by differentially regulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the progression of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease model. Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:14-29. [PMID: 33571554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to limitations in early diagnosis and treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD), it is necessary to explore the neuropathological changes that occur early in PD progression and to design neuroprotective therapies to prevent or delay the ongoing degeneration process. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has shown both diagnostic and therapeutic potential in preclinical studies on PD. Clinical trials using mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators to treat PD have, however, raised limitations about the neuroprotective role of mGlu5. It is likely that mGlu5 has different regulatory roles in different stages of PD. Here, we investigated a protective role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL) in the progression of PD by differential regulation of mGlu5 expression and activity to protect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. Following treatment with 6-OHDA, mGlu5 and CAL expressions were elevated in the early stage and reduced in the late stage, both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of mGlu5 in the early stage by (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine, or blocking mGlu5 in the late stage by 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine, increased cell survival and inhibited apoptosis, but these effects were significantly weakened by knockdown of CAL. CAL alleviated 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating mGlu5-mediated signaling pathways, thereby maintaining the physiological function of mGlu5 in different disease stages. In PD rat model, CAL deficiency aggravated 6-OHDA toxicity on dopaminergic neurons and increased motor dysfunction because of lack of regulation of mGlu5 activity. These data reveal a potential mechanism by which CAL specifically regulates the opposite activity of mGlu5 in progression of PD to protect against neurotoxicity, suggesting that CAL is a favorable endogenous target for the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Adenosine A 2A receptor inhibition reduces synaptic and cognitive hippocampal alterations in Fmr1 KO mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:112. [PMID: 33547274 PMCID: PMC7864914 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In fragile X syndrome (FXS) the lack of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) leads to exacerbated signaling through the metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGlu5Rs). The adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), modulators of neuronal damage, could play a role in FXS. A synaptic colocalization and a strong permissive interaction between A2A and mGlu5 receptors in the hippocampus have been previously reported, suggesting that blocking A2ARs might normalize the mGlu5R-mediated effects of FXS. To study the cross-talk between A2A and mGlu5 receptors in the absence of FMRP, we performed extracellular electrophysiology experiments in hippocampal slices of Fmr1 KO mouse. The depression of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSPs) slope induced by the mGlu5R agonist CHPG was completely blocked by the A2AR antagonist ZM241385 and strongly potentiated by the A2AR agonist CGS21680, suggesting that the functional synergistic coupling between the two receptors could be increased in FXS. To verify if chronic A2AR blockade could reverse the FXS phenotypes, we treated the Fmr1 KO mice with istradefylline, an A2AR antagonist. We found that hippocampal DHPG-induced long-term depression (LTD), which is abnormally increased in FXS mice, was restored to the WT level. Furthermore, istradefylline corrected aberrant dendritic spine density, specific behavioral alterations, and overactive mTOR, TrkB, and STEP signaling in Fmr1 KO mice. Finally, we identified A2AR mRNA as a target of FMRP. Our results show that the pharmacological blockade of A2ARs partially restores some of the phenotypes of Fmr1 KO mice, both by reducing mGlu5R functioning and by acting on other A2AR-related downstream targets.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dissociation of functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines during NMDAR and mGluR-dependent long-term synaptic depression in wild-type and fragile X model mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4652-4669. [PMID: 32606374 PMCID: PMC8095717 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by impaired functional synaptic plasticity and abnormal dendritic spine morphology, but little is known about how these are related. Previous work in the Fmr1-/y mouse model of fragile X (FX) suggests that increased constitutive dendritic protein synthesis yields exaggerated mGluR5-dependent long-term synaptic depression (LTD) in area CA1 of the hippocampus, but an effect on spine structural plasticity remains to be determined. In the current study, we used simultaneous electrophysiology and time-lapse two photon imaging to examine how spines change their structure during LTD induced by activation of mGluRs or NMDA receptors (NMDARs), and how this plasticity is altered in Fmr1-/y mice. We were surprised to find that mGluR activation causes LTD and AMPA receptor internalization, but no spine shrinkage in either wildtype or Fmr1-/y mice. In contrast, NMDAR activation caused spine shrinkage as well as LTD in both genotypes. Spine shrinkage was initiated by non-ionotropic (metabotropic) signaling through NMDARs, and in wild-type mice this structural plasticity required activation of mTORC1 and new protein synthesis. In striking contrast, NMDA-induced spine plasticity in Fmr1-/y mice was no longer dependent on acute activation of mTORC1 or de novo protein synthesis. These findings reveal that the structural consequences of mGluR and metabotropic NMDAR activation differ, and that a brake on spine structural plasticity, normally provided by mTORC1 regulation of protein synthesis, is absent in FX. Increased constitutive protein synthesis in FX appears to modify functional and structural plasticity induced through different glutamate receptors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Issues and Future Perspectives in Preclinical and Clinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249646. [PMID: 33348908 PMCID: PMC7766139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of liver abnormalities often starting as simple steatosis and to potentially progress into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its increasing prevalence, NAFLD is becoming a major public health concern, in parallel with a worldwide increase in the recurrence rate of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It has been estimated that NASH cirrhosis may surpass viral hepatitis C and become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the next decades. The broadening of the knowledge about NASH pathogenesis and progression is of pivotal importance for the discovery of new targeted and more effective therapies; aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive and updated overview on NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis, the most recommended treatments, drugs under development and new drug targets. The most relevant in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD and NASH will be also reviewed, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and NASH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Correspondence: (L.G.D.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0382-986-451 (L.G.D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Casingal CR, Kikkawa T, Inada H, Sasaki Y, Osumi N. Identification of FMRP target mRNAs in the developmental brain: FMRP might coordinate Ras/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and mTOR signaling during corticogenesis. Mol Brain 2020; 13:167. [PMID: 33323119 PMCID: PMC7739466 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticogenesis is one of the most critical and complicated processes during embryonic brain development. Any slight impairment in corticogenesis could cause neurodevelopmental disorders such as Fragile X syndrome (FXS), of which symptoms contain intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein responsible for FXS, shows strong expression in neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) during corticogenesis, although its function during brain development remains largely unknown. In this study, we attempted to identify the FMRP target mRNAs in the cortical primordium using RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis in the mouse embryonic brain. We identified 865 candidate genes as targets of FMRP involving 126 and 118 genes overlapped with ID and ASD-associated genes, respectively. These overlapped genes were enriched with those related to chromatin/chromosome organization and histone modifications, suggesting the involvement of FMRP in epigenetic regulation. We further identified a common set of 17 FMRP “core” target genes involved in neurogenesis/FXS/ID/ASD, containing factors associated with Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. We indeed showed overactivation of mTOR signaling via an increase in mTOR phosphorylation in the Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1 KO) neocortex. Our results provide further insight into the critical roles of FMRP in the developing brain, where dysfunction of FMRP may influence the regulation of its mRNA targets affecting signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristine R Casingal
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 6-6-12, Aramaki Aza Aoba Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yukio Sasaki
- Functional Structure Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsumuri-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Gelder CAGH, Penning R, Veth TS, Catsburg LAE, Hoogenraad CC, MacGillavry HD, Altelaar M. Temporal Quantitative Proteomics of mGluR-induced Protein Translation and Phosphorylation in Neurons. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1952-1968. [PMID: 32912969 PMCID: PMC7710149 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At neuronal synapses, activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) triggers a form of long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) that relies on new protein synthesis and the internalization of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in the development of mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and therefore merit a better understanding on a molecular level. Here, to study mGluR-induced signaling pathways, we integrated quantitative phosphoproteomics with the analyses of newly synthesized proteins via bio-orthogonal amino acids (azidohomoalanine) in a pulsed labeling strategy in cultured hippocampal neurons stimulated with DHPG, a specific agonist for group I mGluRs. We identified several kinases with important roles in DHPG-induced mGluR activation, which we confirmed using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, changes in the AMPA receptor endocytosis pathway in both protein synthesis and protein phosphorylation were identified, whereby Intersectin-1 was validated as a novel player in this pathway. This study revealed several new insights into the molecular pathways downstream of group I mGluR activation in hippocampal neurons, and provides a rich resource for further analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Penning
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A E Catsburg
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ledonne A, Mercuri NB. Insights on the Functional Interaction between Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRI) and ErbB Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217913. [PMID: 33114459 PMCID: PMC7662933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-appreciated that phosphorylation is an essential post-translational mechanism of regulation for several proteins, including group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRI), mGluR1, and mGluR5 subtypes. While contributions of various serine/threonine protein kinases on mGluRI modulation have been recognized, the functional role of tyrosine kinases (TKs) is less acknowledged. Here, while describing current evidence supporting that mGluRI are targets of TKs, we mainly focus on the modulatory roles of the ErbB tyrosine kinases receptors—activated by the neurotrophic factors neuregulins (NRGs)—on mGluRI function. Available evidence suggests that mGluRI activity is tightly dependent on ErbB signaling, and that ErbB’s modulation profoundly influences mGluRI-dependent effects on neurotransmission, neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ledonne
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-50170-3160
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Synaptic Plasticity Gene Homer1a Depend on a Combination of Their Receptor Profile, Dose, Duration of Treatment, and Brain Regions Targeted. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155555. [PMID: 32756473 PMCID: PMC7432375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic agents modulate key molecules of the postsynaptic density (PSD), including the Homer1a gene, implicated in dendritic spine architecture. How the antipsychotic receptor profile, dose, and duration of administration may influence synaptic plasticity and the Homer1a pattern of expression is yet to be determined. Methods: In situ hybridization for Homer1a was performed on rat tissue sections from cortical and striatal regions of interest (ROI) after acute or chronic administration of three antipsychotics with divergent receptor profile: Haloperidol, asenapine, and olanzapine. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the effects of topography, treatment, dose, and duration of antipsychotic administration were performed. Results: All acute treatment regimens were found to induce a consistently higher expression of Homer1a compared to chronic ones. Haloperidol increased Homer1a expression compared to olanzapine in striatum at the acute time-point. A dose effect was also observed for acute administration of haloperidol. Conclusions: Biological effects of antipsychotics on Homer1a varied strongly depending on the combination of their receptor profile, dose, duration of administration, and throughout the different brain regions. These molecular data may have translational valence and may reflect behavioral sensitization/tolerance phenomena observed with prolonged antipsychotics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bouquier N, Moutin E, Tintignac LA, Reverbel A, Jublanc E, Sinnreich M, Chastagnier Y, Averous J, Fafournoux P, Verpelli C, Boeckers T, Carnac G, Perroy J, Ollendorff V. AIMTOR, a BRET biosensor for live imaging, reveals subcellular mTOR signaling and dysfunctions. BMC Biol 2020; 18:81. [PMID: 32620110 PMCID: PMC7334845 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background mTOR signaling is an essential nutrient and energetic sensing pathway. Here we describe AIMTOR, a sensitive genetically encoded BRET (Bioluminescent Resonance Energy Transfer) biosensor to study mTOR activity in living cells. Results As a proof of principle, we show in both cell lines and primary cell cultures that AIMTOR BRET intensities are modified by mTOR activity changes induced by specific inhibitors and activators of mTORC1 including amino acids and insulin. We further engineered several versions of AIMTOR enabling subcellular-specific assessment of mTOR activities. We then used AIMTOR to decipher mTOR signaling in physio-pathological conditions. First, we show that mTORC1 activity increases during muscle cell differentiation and in response to leucine stimulation in different subcellular compartments such as the cytosol and at the surface of the lysosome, the nucleus, and near the mitochondria. Second, in hippocampal neurons, we found that the enhancement of neuronal activity increases mTOR signaling. AIMTOR further reveals mTOR-signaling dysfunctions in neurons from mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Conclusions Altogether, our results demonstrate that AIMTOR is a sensitive and specific tool to investigate mTOR-signaling dynamics in living cells and phenotype mTORopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enora Moutin
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel A Tintignac
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedecine, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Jublanc
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedecine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yan Chastagnier
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Averous
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Cnr Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli, 3220129, Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias Boeckers
- Anatomie und Zellbiologie Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Raumnummer 4105, M24, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilles Carnac
- Phymedexp, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weigend S, Holst SC, Treyer V, O'Gorman Tuura RL, Meier J, Ametamey SM, Buck A, Landolt HP. Dynamic changes in cerebral and peripheral markers of glutamatergic signaling across the human sleep-wake cycle. Sleep 2020; 42:5532239. [PMID: 31304973 PMCID: PMC6802568 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and brain glutamatergic signaling are homeostatically regulated. Recovery sleep following prolonged wakefulness restores efficient functioning of the brain, possibly by keeping glutamatergic signaling in a homeostatic range. Evidence in humans and mice suggested that metabotropic glutamate receptors of subtype-5 (mGluR5) contribute to the brain's coping mechanisms with sleep deprivation. Here, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 31 healthy men was used to quantify the levels of glutamate (Glu), glutamate-to-glutamine ratio (GLX), and γ-amino-butyric-acid (GABA) in basal ganglia (BG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on 3 consecutive days, after ~8 (baseline), ~32 (sleep deprivation), and ~8 hours (recovery sleep) of wakefulness. Simultaneously, mGluR5 availability was quantified with the novel radioligand for positron emission tomography, [18F]PSS232, and the blood levels of the mGluR5-regulated proteins, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined. The data revealed that GLX (p = 0.03) in BG (for Glu: p < 0.06) and the serum concentration of FMRP (p < 0.04) were increased after sleep loss. Other brain metabolites (GABA, N-acetyl-aspartate, choline, glutathione) and serum BDNF levels were not altered by sleep deprivation (pall > 0.6). By contrast, the night without sleep enhanced whole-brain, BG, and parietal cortex mGluR5 availability, which was normalized by recovery sleep (pall < 0.05). The findings provide convergent multimodal evidence that glutamatergic signaling is affected by sleep deprivation and recovery sleep. They support a role for mGluR5 and FMRP in sleep-wake regulation and warrant further studies to investigate their causality and relevance for regulating human sleep in health and disease. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (study identifier: NCT03813082).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Weigend
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sebastian C Holst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Valérie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Josefine Meier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chronic Activation of Gp1 mGluRs Leads to Distinct Refinement of Neural Network Activity through Non-Canonical p53 and Akt Signaling. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0438-19.2020. [PMID: 32161037 PMCID: PMC7218008 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0438-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (Gp1 mGluRs), including mGluR1 and mGluR5, are critical regulators for neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulated Gp1 mGluR signaling is observed with various neurologic disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It is well established that acute activation of Gp1 mGluRs leads to elevation of neuronal intrinsic excitability and long-term synaptic depression. However, it remains unknown how chronic activation of Gp1 mGluRs can affect neural activity and what molecular mechanisms might be involved. In the current study, we employed a multielectrode array (MEA) recording system to evaluate neural network activity of primary mouse cortical neuron cultures. We demonstrated that chronic activation of Gp1 mGluRs leads to elevation of spontaneous spike frequency while burst activity and cross-electrode synchronization are maintained at the baseline. We further showed that these neural network properties are achieved through proteasomal degradation of Akt that is dependent on the tumor suppressor p53. Genetically knocking down p53 disrupts the elevation of spontaneous spike frequency and alters the burst activity and cross-electrode synchronization following chronic activation of Gp1 mGluRs. Importantly, these deficits can be restored by pharmacologically inhibiting Akt to mimic inactivation of Akt mediated by p53. Together, our findings reveal the effects of chronic activation of Gp1 mGluRs on neural network activity and identify a unique signaling pathway involving p53 and Akt for these effects. Our data can provide insights into constitutively active Gp1 mGluR signaling observed in many neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li MX, Li Q, Sun XJ, Luo C, Li Y, Wang YN, Chen J, Gong CZ, Li YJ, Shi LP, Zheng YF, Li RC, Huang XL, Xiong QJ, Chen H. Increased Homer1-mGluR5 mediates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and glutamatergic dysregulation via activation of PERK-eIF2α. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109682. [PMID: 31265863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic dysregulation has served as one common pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and a promising target for treatment intervention. Previous studies implicate neurotransmission via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and Homer1 in stress-induced anhedonia, but the mechanisms have not been well elucidated. In the present study, we used two different animal models of depression, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS), to investigate the expression of Homer1 isoforms and functional interaction with mGluRs. We found that chronic stress selectively upregulated the expression of Homer1b/c in the hippocampus, whereas the level of Homer1a was unchanged. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Homer1-mGluR5 signaling and depressive-like behaviors. Both application of paired-pulse low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) and the selective group 1 mGluRs agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) significantly enhanced mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses in slices from susceptible mice, whereas there was no change in NMDAR-dependent LTD induced by LFS. Furthermore, these effects were associated with the internalization of surface AMPARs in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, including reduced the expression of AMPARs and amplitude of AMPARs-mediated mEPSC. Finally, we found that chronic stress activated the KR-like ER kinase-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (PERK-eIF2α) signaling pathway, subsequently phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) at the S129 and reduced the BDNF level, eventually leading to the impairment of synaptic transmission and depressive-like behaviors. Therefore, our study suggests that PERK-eIF2α acts as a critical target downstream of Homer1-mGluR5 complex to mediate chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, and highlights them as a potential target for the treatment of mood disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Tongji-Wisconsin Stem Cell Application Technology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen-Zi Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Jie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Ping Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong-Chun Li
- Department of Pain Management, Wuhan Pu-Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Xiong
- Department of Pain Management, Wuhan Pu-Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Tongji-Wisconsin Stem Cell Application Technology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rybchyn MS, Islam KS, Brennan-Speranza TC, Cheng Z, Brennan SC, Chang W, Mason RS, Conigrave AD. Homer1 mediates CaSR-dependent activation of mTOR complex 2 and initiates a novel pathway for AKT-dependent β-catenin stabilization in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16337-16350. [PMID: 31527082 PMCID: PMC6827303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is critical for skeletal development, but its mechanism of action in osteoblasts is not well-characterized. In the central nervous system (CNS), Homer scaffolding proteins form signaling complexes with two CaSR-related members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family C, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and mGluR5. Here, we show that CaSR and Homer1 are co-expressed in mineralized mouse bone and also co-localize in primary human osteoblasts. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Homer1 associates with CaSR in primary human osteoblasts. The CaSR-Homer1 protein complex, whose formation was increased in response to extracellular Ca2+, was bound to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2), a protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) at Ser473 siRNA-based gene-silencing assays with primary osteoblasts revealed that both CaSR and Homer1 are required for extracellular Ca2+-stimulated AKT phosphorylation and thereby inhibit apoptosis and promote AKT-dependent β-catenin stabilization and cellular differentiation. To confirm the role of the CaSR-Homer1 complex in AKT initiation, we show that in HEK-293 cells, co-transfection with both Homer1c and CaSR, but neither with Homer1c nor CaSR alone, establishes sensitivity of AKT-Ser473 phosphorylation to increases in extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. These findings indicate that Homer1 mediates CaSR-dependent AKT activation via mTORC2 and thereby stabilizes β-catenin in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Rybchyn
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kazi S Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre (D17) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Sarah C Brennan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre (D17) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Wenhan Chang
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Arthur David Conigrave
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre (D17) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Holz A, Mülsch F, Schwarz MK, Hollmann M, Döbrössy MD, Coenen VA, Bartos M, Normann C, Biber K, van Calker D, Serchov T. Enhanced mGlu5 Signaling in Excitatory Neurons Promotes Rapid Antidepressant Effects via AMPA Receptor Activation. Neuron 2019; 104:338-352.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
35
|
Reiner A, Levitz J. Glutamatergic Signaling in the Central Nervous System: Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Concert. Neuron 2019; 98:1080-1098. [PMID: 29953871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate serves as both the mammalian brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter and as a key neuromodulator to control synapse and circuit function over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This functional diversity is decoded by two receptor families: ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The challenges posed by the complexity and physiological importance of each of these subtypes has limited our appreciation and understanding of how these receptors work in concert. In this review, by comparing both receptor families with a focus on their crosstalk, we argue for a more holistic understanding of neural glutamate signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reiner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes intellectual disability. It is a leading known genetic cause of autism. In addition to cognitive, social, and communication deficits, humans with FXS demonstrate abnormal sensory processing including sensory hypersensitivity. Sensory hypersensitivity commonly manifests as auditory, tactile, or visual defensiveness or avoidance. Clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological studies consistently show auditory hypersensitivity, impaired habituation to repeated sounds, and reduced auditory attention in humans with FXS. Children with FXS also exhibit significant visuospatial impairments. Studies in infants and toddlers with FXS have documented impairments in processing texture-defined motion stimuli, temporal flicker, perceiving ordinal numerical sequence, and the ability to maintain the identity of dynamic object information during occlusion. Consistent with the observations in humans with FXS, fragile X mental retardation 1 ( Fmr1) gene knockout (KO) rodent models of FXS also show seizures, abnormal visual-evoked responses, auditory hypersensitivity, and abnormal processing at multiple levels of the auditory system, including altered acoustic startle responses. Among other sensory symptoms, individuals with FXS exhibit tactile defensiveness. Fmr1 KO mice also show impaired encoding of tactile stimulation frequency and larger size of receptive fields in the somatosensory cortex. Since sensory deficits are relatively more tractable from circuit mechanisms and developmental perspectives than more complex social behaviors, the focus of this review is on clinical, functional, and structural studies that outline the auditory, visual, and somatosensory processing deficits in FXS. The similarities in sensory phenotypes between humans with FXS and animal models suggest a likely conservation of basic sensory processing circuits across species and may provide a translational platform to not just develop biomarkers but also to understand underlying mechanisms. We argue that preclinical studies in animal models of FXS can facilitate the ongoing search for new therapeutic approaches in FXS by understanding mechanisms of basic sensory processing circuits and behaviors that are conserved across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rais
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, CA, USA.,2 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, CA, USA.,2 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA.,3 Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- 2 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA.,3 Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA.,4 Psychology Department, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, CA, USA.,2 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA.,3 Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Clifton NE, Trent S, Thomas KL, Hall J. Regulation and Function of Activity-Dependent Homer in Synaptic Plasticity. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:147-161. [PMID: 31312636 DOI: 10.1159/000500267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in synaptic signaling and plasticity occur during the refinement of neural circuits over the course of development and the adult processes of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity requires the rearrangement of protein complexes in the postsynaptic density (PSD), trafficking of receptors and ion channels and the synthesis of new proteins. Activity-induced short Homer proteins, Homer1a and Ania-3, are recruited to active excitatory synapses, where they act as dominant negative regulators of constitutively expressed, longer Homer isoforms. The expression of Homer1a and Ania-3 initiates critical processes of PSD remodeling, the modulation of glutamate receptor-mediated functions, and the regulation of calcium signaling. Together, available data support the view that Homer1a and Ania-3 are responsible for the selective, transient destabilization of postsynaptic signaling complexes to facilitate plasticity of the excitatory synapse. The interruption of activity-dependent Homer proteins disrupts disease-relevant processes and leads to memory impairments, reflecting their likely contribution to neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Clifton
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Trent
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kerrie L Thomas
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee K, Vyas Y, Garner CC, Montgomery JM. Autism‐associated
Shank3
mutations alter mGluR expression and mGluR‐dependent but not NMDA receptor‐dependent long‐term depression. Synapse 2019; 73:e22097. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Yukti Vyas
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Craig C. Garner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Johanna M. Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li J, Park E, Zhong LR, Chen L. Homeostatic synaptic plasticity as a metaplasticity mechanism - a molecular and cellular perspective. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 54:44-53. [PMID: 30212714 PMCID: PMC6361678 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying various types of synaptic plasticity are historically regarded as separate processes involved in independent cellular events. However, recent progress in our molecular understanding of Hebbian and homeostatic synaptic plasticity supports the observation that these two types of plasticity share common cellular events, and are often altered together in neurological diseases. Here, we discuss the emerging concept of homeostatic synaptic plasticity as a metaplasticity mechanism with a focus on cellular signaling processes that enable a direct interaction between Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity. We also identify distinct and shared molecular players involved in these cellular processes that may be explored experimentally in future studies to test the hypothesis that homeostatic synaptic plasticity serves as a metaplasticity mechanism to integrate changes in neuronal activity and support optimal Hebbian learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| | - Esther Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| | - Lei R Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gimse K, Gorzek RC, Olin A, Osting S, Burger C. Hippocampal Homer1b/c is necessary for contextual fear conditioning and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated long-term depression. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 156:17-23. [PMID: 30336208 PMCID: PMC6226007 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coiled-coil forms of Homer1, including Homer1b and c (Homer1b/c) have been shown to play a role in hippocampal learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. We have previously found that overexpression of hippocampal Homer1c is sufficient to rescue learning and memory ability in aged learning impaired rats and in Homer1 knockout (KO) mice, and to rescue group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1/5) mediated long-term potentiation in KO mice. Here, to determine if Homer1b/c is necessary for successful learning and memory we have utilized a rAAV5 vector expressing a Homer1b/c-targeting short hairpin RNA to knock down the expression of hippocampal Homer1b/c in adult 4-6-month old male Sprague Dawley rats. We have found that reduced hippocampal Homer1b/c expression elicits significant learning deficits in contextual fear conditioning, but not in the Morris water maze or novel object recognition tasks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reduced hippocampal Homer1b/c is sufficient to completely block mGluR1/5 mediated long-term depression in the Schaffer collateral pathway. These results support a significant role for Homer1b/c in learning and synaptic plasticity; however, the exact role of each of these two protein isoforms in learning and memory remains elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstan Gimse
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Ave, Room 73 Bardeen, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan C Gorzek
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Olin
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sue Osting
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinna Burger
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Ave, Room 73 Bardeen, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dillon J, Holden-Dye L, O'Connor V. Yeast two-hybrid screening identifies MPZ-1 and PTP-1 as candidate scaffolding proteins of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:16. [PMID: 30417267 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-018-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a class of G-protein-coupled receptor that undergo extensive interactions with scaffolding proteins, and this is intrinsic to their function as an important group of neuromodulators at glutamatergic synapses. The Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system expresses three metabotropic glutamate receptors, MGL-1, MGL-2 and MGL-3. Relatively little is known about how the function and signalling of these receptors is organised in C. elegans. To identify proteins that scaffold the MGL-1 receptor, we have conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen. Three of the interacting proteins, MPZ-1, NRFL-1 and PTP-1, displayed motifs characteristic of mammalian mGluR scaffolding proteins. Using cellular co-expression criterion, we show mpz-1 and ptp-1 exhibited overlapping expression patterns with subsets of mgl-1 neurons. This included neurones in the pharyngeal nervous system that control the feeding organ of the worm. The mGluR agonist L-CCG-I inhibits the activity of this network in wild-type worms, in an MGL-1 and dose-dependent manner. We utilised L-CCG-I to identify if MGL-1 function was disrupted in mutants with deletions in the mpz-1 gene. The mpz-1 mutants displayed a largely wild-type response to L-CCG-I, suggesting MGL-1 signalling is not overtly disrupted consistent with a non-obligatory modulatory function in receptor scaffolding. The selectivity of the protein interactions and overlapping expression identified here warrant further investigation of the functional significance of scaffolding of metabotropic glutamate receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Dillon
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Vincent O'Connor
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mechanisms underlying prelimbic prefrontal cortex mGlu 3/mGlu 5-dependent plasticity and reversal learning deficits following acute stress. Neuropharmacology 2018; 144:19-28. [PMID: 30326237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress can precipitate or worsen symptoms of many psychiatric illnesses. Dysregulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) glutamate system may underlie these disruptions and restoring PFC glutamate signaling has emerged as a promising avenue for the treatment of stress disorders. Recently, we demonstrated that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 (mGlu3) induces a postsynaptic form of long-term depression (LTD) that is dependent on the activity of another subtype, mGlu5. Stress exposure disrupted this plasticity, but the underlying signaling mechanisms and involvement in higher-order cognition have not yet been investigated. Acute stress was applied by 20-min restraint and early reversal learning was evaluated in an operant-based food-seeking task. We employed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of layer 5 prelimbic (PL)-PFC pyramidal cells to examine mGlu3-LTD and several mechanistically distinct mGlu5-dependent functions. Acute stress impaired both mGlu3-LTD and early reversal learning. Interestingly, potentiating mGlu5 signaling with the mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0409551 rescued stress-induced deficits in both mGlu3-LTD and reversal learning. Other aspects of PL-PFC mGlu5 function were not disrupted following stress; however, signaling downstream of mGlu5-Homer interactions, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β was implicated in these phenomena. These findings demonstrate that acute stress disrupts early reversal learning and PL-PFC-dependent synaptic plasticity and that potentiating mGlu5 function can restore these impairments. These findings provide a framework through which modulating coordinated mGlu3/mGlu5 signaling may confer benefits for the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
43
|
Joffe ME, Centanni SW, Jaramillo AA, Winder DG, Conn PJ. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorder: Physiology, Plasticity, and Promising Pharmacotherapies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2188-2204. [PMID: 29792024 PMCID: PMC6192262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficacious treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has proven difficult. The insidious nature of the disease necessitates a deep understanding of its underlying biology as well as innovative approaches to ameliorate ethanol-related pathophysiology. Excessive ethanol seeking and relapse are generated by long-term changes to membrane properties, synaptic physiology, and plasticity throughout the limbic system and associated brain structures. Each of these factors can be modulated by metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a diverse set of G protein-coupled receptors highly expressed throughout the central nervous system. Here, we discuss how different components of the mGlu receptor family modulate neurotransmission in the limbic system and other brain regions involved in AUD etiology. We then describe how these processes are dysregulated following ethanol exposure and speculate about how mGlu receptor modulation might restore such pathophysiological changes. To that end, we detail the current understanding of the behavioral pharmacology of mGlu receptor-directed drug-like molecules in animal models of AUD. Together, this review highlights the prominent position of the mGlu receptor system in the pathophysiology of AUD and provides encouragement that several classes of mGlu receptor modulators may be translated as viable treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Joffe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
| | - Samuel W. Centanni
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Anel A. Jaramillo
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Danny G. Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lautz JD, Brown EA, Williams VanSchoiack AA, Smith SEP. Synaptic activity induces input-specific rearrangements in a targeted synaptic protein interaction network. J Neurochem 2018; 146:540-559. [PMID: 29804286 PMCID: PMC6150823 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells utilize dynamic, network-level rearrangements in highly interconnected protein interaction networks to transmit and integrate information from distinct signaling inputs. Despite the importance of protein interaction network dynamics, the organizational logic underlying information flow through these networks is not well understood. Previously, we developed the quantitative multiplex co-immunoprecipitation platform, which allows for the simultaneous and quantitative measurement of the amount of co-association between large numbers of proteins in shared complexes. Here, we adapt quantitative multiplex co-immunoprecipitation to define the activity-dependent dynamics of an 18-member protein interaction network in order to better understand the underlying principles governing glutamatergic signal transduction. We first establish that immunoprecipitation detected by flow cytometry can detect activity-dependent changes in two known protein-protein interactions (Homer1-mGluR5 and PSD-95-SynGAP). We next demonstrate that neuronal stimulation elicits a coordinated change in our targeted protein interaction network, characterized by the initial dissociation of Homer1 and SynGAP-containing complexes followed by increased associations among glutamate receptors and PSD-95. Finally, we show that stimulation of distinct glutamate receptor types results in different modular sets of protein interaction network rearrangements, and that cells activate both modules in order to integrate complex inputs. This analysis demonstrates that cells respond to distinct types of glutamatergic input by modulating different combinations of protein co-associations among a targeted network of proteins. Our data support a model of synaptic plasticity in which synaptic stimulation elicits dissociation of pre-existing multiprotein complexes, opening binding slots in scaffold proteins and allowing for the recruitment of additional glutamatergic receptors. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily A Brown
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tonn Eisinger KR, Gross KS, Head BP, Mermelstein PG. Interactions between estrogen receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors and their impact on drug addiction in females. Horm Behav 2018; 104:130-137. [PMID: 29505763 PMCID: PMC6131090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) have a unique relationship with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the female rodent brain such that estradiol is able to recruit intracellular G-protein signaling cascades to influence neuronal physiology, structure, and ultimately behavior. While this association between ERs and mGluRs exists in many cell types and brain regions, its effects are perhaps most striking in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This review will discuss the original characterization of ER/mGluR signaling and how estradiol activity in the NAc confers increased sensitivity to drugs of abuse in females through this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Tonn Eisinger
- Department of Neuroscience and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kellie S Gross
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stefanik MT, Sakas C, Lee D, Wolf ME. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate protein translation in co-cultured nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:62-75. [PMID: 30077883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of protein translation by glutamate receptors and its role in plasticity have been extensively studied in the hippocampus. In contrast, very little is known about glutamatergic regulation of translation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSN), despite their critical role in addiction-related plasticity and recent evidence that protein translation contributes to this plasticity. We used a co-culture system, containing NAc MSNs and prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons, and fluorescent non-canonical amino acid tagging (FUNCAT) to visualize newly synthesized proteins in neuronal processes of NAc MSNs and PFC pyramidal neurons. First, we verified that the FUNCAT signal reflects new protein translation. Next, we examined the regulation of translation by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and ionotropic glutamate receptors by incubating co-cultures with agonists or antagonists during the 2-h period of non-canonical amino acid labeling. In NAc MSNs, basal translation was modestly reduced by blocking Ca2+-permeable AMPARs whereas blocking all AMPARs or suppressing constitutive mGluR5 signaling enhanced translation. Activating group I mGluRs with dihydroxyphenylglycine increased translation in an mGluR1-dependent manner in NAc MSNs and PFC pyramidal neurons. Disinhibiting excitatory transmission with bicuculline also increased translation. In MSNs, this was reversed by antagonists of mGluR1, mGluR5, AMPARs or NMDARs. In PFC neurons, AMPAR or NMDAR antagonists blocked bicuculline-stimulated translation. Our study, the first to examine glutamatergic regulation of translation in MSNs, demonstrates regulatory mechanisms specific to MSNs that depend on the level of neuronal activation. This sets the stage for understanding how translation may be altered in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Stefanik
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Courtney Sakas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Dennis Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
mTORC2, but not mTORC1, is required for hippocampal mGluR-LTD and associated behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:799-802. [PMID: 29786082 PMCID: PMC6467217 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has been reported to be necessary for metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long-term depression (mGluR-LTD). Here we found that mTORC1-deficient mice exhibit normal hippocampal mGluR-LTD and associated behaviors. Moreover, rapamycin blocks mGluR-LTD in mTORC1-deficient mice. However, both rapamycin and mGluR activation regulate mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) activity, and mTORC2-deficient mice show impaired mGluR-LTD and associated behaviors. Thus, mTORC2 is a major regulator of mGluR-LTD.
Collapse
|
48
|
Masini D, Bonito-Oliva A, Bertho M, Fisone G. Inhibition of mTORC1 Signaling Reverts Cognitive and Affective Deficits in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:208. [PMID: 29686643 PMCID: PMC5900003 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits and affective disorders, are frequently diagnosed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and are only partially alleviated by dopamine replacement therapy. Here, we used a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model of PD to examine the effects exerted on non-motor symptoms by inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is involved in the control of protein synthesis, cell growth, and metabolism. We show that rapamycin, which acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1, counteracts the impairment of novel object recognition. A similar effect is produced by PF-4708671, an inhibitor of the downstream target of mTORC1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Rapamycin is also able to reduce depression-like behavior in PD mice, as indicated by decreased immobility in the forced swim test. Moreover, rapamycin exerts anxiolytic effects, thereby reducing thigmotaxis in the open field and increasing exploration of the open arm in the elevated plus maze. In contrast to rapamycin, administration of PF-4708671 to PD mice does not counteract depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Altogether, these results identify mTORC1 as a target for the development of drugs that, in combination with standard antiparkinsonian agents, may widen the efficacy of current therapies for the cognitive and affective symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maëlle Bertho
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dahlhaus R. Of Men and Mice: Modeling the Fragile X Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:41. [PMID: 29599705 PMCID: PMC5862809 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common forms of inherited intellectual disability in all human societies. Caused by the transcriptional silencing of a single gene, the fragile x mental retardation gene FMR1, FXS is characterized by a variety of symptoms, which range from mental disabilities to autism and epilepsy. More than 20 years ago, a first animal model was described, the Fmr1 knock-out mouse. Several other models have been developed since then, including conditional knock-out mice, knock-out rats, a zebrafish and a drosophila model. Using these model systems, various targets for potential pharmaceutical treatments have been identified and many treatments have been shown to be efficient in preclinical studies. However, all attempts to turn these findings into a therapy for patients have failed thus far. In this review, I will discuss underlying difficulties and address potential alternatives for our future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Dahlhaus
- Institute for Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Centre, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu DC, Seimetz J, Lee KY, Kalsotra A, Chung HJ, Lu H, Tsai NP. Mdm2 mediates FMRP- and Gp1 mGluR-dependent protein translation and neural network activity. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3895-3908. [PMID: 29016848 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating Group 1 (Gp1) metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), including mGluR1 and mGluR5, elicits translation-dependent neural plasticity mechanisms that are crucial to animal behavior and circuit development. Dysregulated Gp1 mGluR signaling has been observed in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the molecular pathways underlying Gp1 mGluR-dependent plasticity mechanisms are complex and have been elusive. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism through which Gp1 mGluR mediates protein translation and neural plasticity. Using a multi-electrode array (MEA) recording system, we showed that activating Gp1 mGluR elevates neural network activity, as demonstrated by increased spontaneous spike frequency and burst activity. Importantly, we validated that elevating neural network activity requires protein translation and is dependent on fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the protein that is deficient in the most common inherited form of mental retardation and autism, fragile X syndrome (FXS). In an effort to determine the mechanism by which FMRP mediates protein translation and neural network activity, we demonstrated that a ubiquitin E3 ligase, murine double minute-2 (Mdm2), is required for Gp1 mGluR-induced translation and neural network activity. Our data showed that Mdm2 acts as a translation suppressor, and FMRP is required for its ubiquitination and down-regulation upon Gp1 mGluR activation. These data revealed a novel mechanism by which Gp1 mGluR and FMRP mediate protein translation and neural network activity, potentially through de-repressing Mdm2. Our results also introduce an alternative way for understanding altered protein translation and brain circuit excitability associated with Gp1 mGluR in neurological diseases such as FXS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Chi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Neuroscience Program
| | - Joseph Seimetz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kwan Young Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Carl R.Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Neuroscience Program.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Neuroscience Program.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|