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Lemarchand E, Grayston A, Wong R, Rogers M, Ouvrier B, Llewellyn B, Webb F, Lénárt N, Denes A, Brough D, Allan SM, Bix GJ, Pinteaux E. Selective deletion of interleukin-1 alpha in microglia does not modify acute outcome but regulates neurorepair processes after experimental ischemic stroke. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.580635. [PMID: 38585834 PMCID: PMC10996562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to stroke pathogenesis and exacerbates brain damage leading to poor outcome. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an important regulator of post-stroke inflammation, and blocking its actions is beneficial in pre-clinical stroke models and safe in the clinical setting. However, the distinct roles of the two major IL-1 receptor type 1 agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β, and the specific role of IL-1α in ischemic stroke remain largely unknown. Here we show that IL-1α and IL-1β have different spatio-temporal expression profiles in the brain after experimental stroke, with early microglial IL-1α expression (4 h) and delayed IL-1β expression in infiltrated neutrophils and a small microglial subset (24-72 h). We examined for the first time the specific role of microglial-derived IL-1α in experimental permanent and transient ischemic stroke through microglial-specific tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP-mediated recombination. Microglial IL-1α deletion did not influence acute brain damage, cerebral blood flow, IL-1β expression, neutrophil infiltration, microglial nor endothelial activation after ischemic stroke. However, microglial IL-1α knock out (KO) mice showed reduced peri-infarct vessel density and reactive astrogliosis at 14 days post-stroke, alongside long-term impaired functional recovery. Our study identifies for the first time a critical role for microglial IL-1α on neurorepair and functional recovery after stroke, highlighting the importance of targeting specific IL-1 mechanisms in brain injury to develop more effective therapies.
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Benkő S, Dénes Á. Microglial Inflammatory Mechanisms in Stroke: The Jury Is Still Out. Neuroscience 2024; 550:43-52. [PMID: 38364965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia represent the main immune cell population in the CNS with unique homeostatic roles and contribution to broad neurological conditions. Stroke is associated with marked changes in microglial phenotypes and induction of inflammatory responses, which emerge as key modulators of brain injury, neurological outcome and regeneration. However, due to the limited availability of functional studies with selective targeting of microglia and microglia-related inflammatory pathways in stroke, the vast majority of observations remain correlative and controversial. Because extensive review articles discussing the role of inflammatory mechanisms in different forms of acute brain injury are available, here we focus on some specific pathways that appear to be important for stroke pathophysiology with assumed contribution by microglia. While the growing toolkit for microglia manipulation increasingly allows targeting inflammatory pathways in a cell-specific manner, reconsideration of some effects devoted to microglia may also be required. This may particularly concern the interpretation of inflammatory mechanisms that emerge in response to stroke as a form of sterile injury and change markedly in chronic inflammation and common stroke comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Benkő
- Laboratory of Inflammation-Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Dénes
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest H-1083, Hungary.
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Özen I, Clausen F, Flygt J, Marklund N, Paul G. Neutralization of Interleukin 1-beta is associated with preservation of thalamic capillaries after experimental traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1378203. [PMID: 38765267 PMCID: PMC11100426 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1378203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury to thalamo-cortical pathways is associated with posttraumatic morbidity. Diffuse mechanical forces to white matter tracts and deep grey matter regions induce an inflammatory response and vascular damage resulting in progressive neurodegeneration. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), may contribute to the link between inflammation and the injured capillary network after TBI. This study investigates whether IL-1β is a key contributor to capillary alterations and changes in pericyte coverage in the thalamus and cortex after TBI. Methods Animals were subjected to central fluid percussion injury (cFPI), a model of TBI causing widespread axonal and vascular pathology, or sham injury and randomized to receive a neutralizing anti-IL-1β or a control, anti-cyclosporin A antibody, at 30 min post-injury. Capillary length and pericyte coverage of cortex and thalamus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry at 2- and 7-days post-injury. Results and Conclusion Our results show that early post-injury attenuation of IL-1β dependent inflammatory signaling prevents capillary damage by increasing pericyte coverage in the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Özen
- Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Clausen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Flygt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Lund Brain Injury Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Scania University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chiang HL, Wu KC, Chen YY, Ho CJ, Wang HL, Fu YH, Chen WY, Lin CJ. The Critical Role of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter-2 in Modulating Cerebral Damage and Vascular Dysfunction in Mice with Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2541-2554. [PMID: 37498500 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vascular protection is critical for stroke treatment. Adenosine modulates vascular flow and exhibits neuroprotective effects, in which brain extracellular concentration of adenosine is dramatically increased during ischemic events and ischemia-reperfusion. Since the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 (Ent2) is important in regulating brain adenosine homeostasis, the present study aimed to investigate the role of Ent2 in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was examined in mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 90 minutes, followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Infarct volume, brain edema, neuroinflammation, microvascular structure, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined following the reperfusion. RESULTS Ent2 deletion reduced the infarct volume, brain edema, and neuroinflammation in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. tMCAO-induced disruption of brain microvessels was ameliorated in Ent2-/- mice, with a reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and aquaporin-4 proteins. Following the reperfusion, the rCBF of the wild-type (WT) mice was quickly restored to the baseline, whereas, in Ent2-/- mice, rCBF was slowly recovered initially, but was then higher than that in the WT mice at the later phase of reperfusion. The improved CMRO2 and reduced ROS level support the beneficial effects caused by the changes in the rCBF of Ent2-/- mice. Further studies showed that the protective effects of Ent2 deletion in mice with tMCAO involve adenosine receptor A2AR. CONCLUSIONS Ent2 plays a critical role in modulating cerebral collateral circulation and ameliorating pathological events of brain ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chiang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming-Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jui Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming-Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang HK, Su YT, Ho YC, Lee YK, Chu TH, Chen KT, Wu CC. HDAC1 is Involved in Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Stroke Pathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4103-4116. [PMID: 37745794 PMCID: PMC10516226 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s416239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a common cause of disability and mortality worldwide; however, effective therapy remains limited. In stroke pathogenesis, ischemia/reperfusion injury triggers gliosis and neuroinflammation that further activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Increased BBB permeability promotes macrophage infiltration and brain edema, thereby worsening behavioral outcomes and prognosis. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a repressor of epigenomic gene transcription and participates in DNA damage and cell cycle regulation. Although HDAC1 is deregulated after stroke and is involved in neuronal loss and DNA repair, its role in neuroinflammation and BBB damage remains unknown. Methods The rats with cerebral ischemia were evaluated in behavioral outcomes, levels of inflammation in gliosis and cytokines, and BBB damage by using an endothelin-1-induced rat model with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Results The results revealed that HDAC1 dysfunction could promote BBB damage through the destruction of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and occludin, after stroke in rats. HDAC1 inhibition also increased the levels of astrocyte and microglial gliosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, lactate dehydrogenase, and reactive oxygen species, further triggering MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Moreover, modified neurological severity scores for the cylinder test revealed that HDAC1 inhibition deteriorated behavioral outcomes in rats with cerebral ischemia. Discussion HDAC1 plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation and BBB damage, thus indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ti Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nation Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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7
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Kim JY, Hwang M, Choi NY, Koh SH. Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation/Assembly through the Activation of the PI3K Pathway by Naloxone Protects Neural Stem Cells from Ischemic Condition. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5330-5342. [PMID: 37300646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naloxone is a well-known opioid antagonist and has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. We investigated whether naloxone exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in neural stem cells (NSCs) injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), whether it affects the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation/assembly, and whether the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is important in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly by naloxone. Primary cultured NSCs were subjected to OGD and treated with different concentrations of naloxone. Cell viability, proliferation, and the intracellular signaling proteins associated with the PI3K pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly were evaluated in OGD-injured NSCs. OGD significantly reduced survival, proliferation, and migration and increased apoptosis of NSCs. However, treatment with naloxone significantly restored survival, proliferation, and migration and decreased apoptosis of NSCs. Moreover, OGD markedly increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly and cleaved caspase-1 and interleukin-1β levels in NSCs, but naloxone significantly attenuated these effects. These neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of naloxone were eliminated when cells were treated with PI3K inhibitors. Our results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome is a potential therapeutic target and that naloxone reduces ischemic injury in NSCs by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly mediated by the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Pradhan SH, Gibb M, Kramer AT, Sayes CM. Peripheral (lung-to-brain) exposure to diesel particulate matter induces oxidative stress and increased markers for systemic inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116267. [PMID: 37257747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Combustion-derived air pollution is a complex environmental toxicant that has become a global health concern due to urbanization. Air pollution contains pro-inflammatory stimulants such as fine and ultrafine particulate matter, gases, volatile organic compounds, and metals. This study is focused on the particulate phase, which has been shown to induce systemic inflammation after chronic exposure due to its ability to travel to the lower airway, resulting in the activation of local immune cell populations, releasing acute phase reactants to mitigate ongoing inflammation. The systemic response is a potential mechanism for the co-morbidity associated with regions with high pollution and neuropathology. We exposed diesel particulate matter (DPM) to a pulmonary cell-derived in vitro model where macrophages mimic the diffusion of cytokines into the peripheral circulation to microglia. Alveolar macrophages (transformed U937) were inoculated with resuspended DPM in an acute exposure (24-h incubation) and analyzed for MCP-1 expression and acute phase reactants (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). Post-exposure serum was collected and filtered from cultured alveolar macrophages, introduced to a healthy culture of microglial cells (HMC3), and measured for neurotoxic cytokines, oxidative stress, and pattern recognition receptors. After DPM exposure, the macrophages significantly upregulated all measured acute phase reactants, increased H2O2 production, and increased MCP-1 expression. After collection and filtration to remove excess particulates, microglia cells were incubated with the collected serum for 48 h to allow for cytokine diffusion between the periphery of microglia. Microglia significantly upregulated IL-6, IL-8, and oxidative stress with a moderate increase in IL-1β and TNF-α. As a marker required for signaling tissue damage, CD14 indicated that compared to direct inoculation of DPM, peripheral exposure resulted in the potent activation of microglia cells. The specificity and potency of the response have implications for neuropathology through lung-to-brain mechanisms after inhalation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar H Pradhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Alec T Kramer
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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9
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Pak ME, Kim YJ, Kim H, Shin CS, Yoon JW, Jeon SM, Song YH, Kim K. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide, 2'-Fucosyllactose, Exerted via Modulation of M2 Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1281. [PMID: 37372011 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a human milk oligosaccharide, exerts anti-inflammatory effects and plays a protective role in arterial thrombosis; however, its role in ischemic stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 2'-FL and its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Neurological score and behavior tests revealed that 2'-FL promoted the recovery of neurological deficits and motor function in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice, and that 2'FL led to a reduction in the size of cerebral infarct. Biochemical studies showed that administration of 2'-FL led to a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related products in the brain of MCAO mice. 2'-FL upregulated IL-10 and downregulated TNF-α level. In addition, 2'-FL enhanced M2-type microglial polarization and upregulated CD206 expression at 7 days after MCAO. At 3 days after MCAO, 2'-FL increased IL-4 levels and activated STAT6. Our data show that 2'-FL reduced the neurological symptoms of ischemic stroke and ROS accumulation in the brain through IL-4/STAT6-dependent M2-type microglial polarization in MCAO mice. These results demonstrate that 2'-FL is a potentially effective therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malk Eun Pak
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhae Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soo Shin
- Advanced Protein Technologies Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Yoon
- Advanced Protein Technologies Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Jeon
- Advanced Protein Technologies Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ha Song
- Advanced Protein Technologies Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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10
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Mu C, Wang Y, Han C, Song H, Wu Q, Yang J, Guo N, Ma Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu X. Crosstalk between oxidative stress and neutrophil response in early ischemic stroke: a comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134956. [PMID: 37180174 PMCID: PMC10169595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, continuing to be a serious health concern. It is well known that oxidative stress and neutrophil response play vital roles in the pathophysiology of early IS. However, the complex interactions and critical genes associated with them have not been fully understood. Methods Two datasets (GSE37587 and GSE16561) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were extracted and integrated as the discovery dataset. Subsequent GSVA and WGCNA approaches were used to investigate IS-specific oxidative stress-related genes (ISOSGS). Then, we explored IS-specific neutrophil-associated genes (ISNGS) using CIBERSORT analysis. Next, the protein-protein interaction network was established to ascertain candidate critical genes related with oxidative stress and neutrophil response. Furthermore, these candidate genes were validated using GSE58294 dataset and our clinical samples by RT-qPCR method. Finally, functional annotation, diagnostic capability evaluation and drug-gene interactions were performed by using GSEA analysis, ROC curves and DGIDB database. Result In our analysis of discovery dataset, 155 genes were determined as ISOSGS and 559 genes were defined as ISNGS. Afterward, 9 candidate genes were identified through the intersection of ISOSGS and ISNGS, PPI network construction, and filtration by degree algorithm. Then, six real critical genes, including STAT3, MMP9, AQP9, SELL, FPR1, and IRAK3, passed the validation using the GSE58294 dataset and our clinical samples. Further functional annotation analysis indicated these critical genes were associated with neutrophil response, especially neutrophil extracellular trap. Meanwhile, they had a good diagnostic performance. Lastly, 53 potential drugs targeting these genes were predicted by DGIDB database. Conclusion We identified 6 critical genes, STAT3, FPR1, AQP9, SELL, MMP9 and IRAK3, related to oxidative stress and neutrophil response in early IS, which may provide new insights into understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of IS. We hope our analysis could help develop novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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11
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Venkat P, Gao H, Findeis EL, Chen Z, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Powell B, Lu M, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Chopp M. Therapeutic effects of CD133 + Exosomes on liver function after stroke in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1061485. [PMID: 36968490 PMCID: PMC10033607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to adversely affect stroke recovery. However, few studies investigate how stroke elicits liver dysfunction, particularly, how stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exacerbates progression of NAFLD. In this study, we test whether exosomes harvested from human umbilical cord blood (HUCBC) derived CD133 + cells (CD133 + Exo) improves neuro-cognitive outcome as well as reduces liver dysfunction in T2DM female mice. Methods Female, adult non-DM and T2DM mice subjected to stroke presence or absence were considered. T2DM-stroke mice were randomly assigned to receive PBS or Exosome treatment group. CD133 + Exo (20 μg/200 μl PBS, i.v.) was administered once at 3 days after stroke. Evaluation of neurological (mNSS, adhesive removal test) and cognitive function [novel object recognition (NOR) test, odor test] was performed. Mice were sacrificed at 28 days after stroke and brain, liver, and serum were harvested. Results Stroke induces severe and significant short-term and long-term neurological and cognitive deficits which were worse in T2DM mice compared to non-DM mice. CD133 + Exo treatment of T2DM-stroke mice significantly improved neurological function and cognitive outcome indicated by improved discrimination index in the NOR and odor tests compared to control T2DM-stroke mice. CD133 + Exo treatment of T2DM stroke significantly increased vascular and white matter/axon remodeling in the ischemic brain compared to T2DM-stroke mice. However, there were no differences in the lesion volume between non-DM stroke, T2DM-stroke and CD133 + Exo treated T2DM-stroke mice. In T2DM mice, stroke induced earlier and higher TLR4, NLRP3, and cytokine expression (SAA, IL1β, IL6, TNFα) in the liver compared to heart and kidney, as measured by Western blot. T2DM-stroke mice exhibited worse NAFLD progression with increased liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, fibrosis, serum ALT activity, and higher NAFLD Activity Score compared to T2DM mice and non-DM-stroke mice, while CD133 + Exo treatment significantly attenuated the progression of NAFLD in T2DM stroke mice. Conclusion Treatment of female T2DM-stroke mice with CD133 + Exo significantly reduces the progression of NAFLD/NASH and improves neurological and cognitive function compared to control T2DM-stroke mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Poornima Venkat,
| | - Huanjia Gao
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zhenggang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
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12
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MicroRNA-29b Suppresses Inflammation and Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Ischemic Stroke. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1755416. [PMID: 36052307 PMCID: PMC9427322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1755416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Following cerebral ischemia, microRNA- (miR-) 29b in circulating blood is downregulated. This study investigates the underlying mechanism and implications of miR-29b in leukocyte induction. Methods. miR-29b from stroke patients and rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). miR-29b agomir was used to increase miR-29b expression in leukocytes via intravenous injection. C1q and tumor necrosis factor (C1QTNF) 6, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, zonula occludens- (ZO-) 1, occludin, and ischemic outcomes were assessed in MCAO rats. Additionally, hCMEC/D3 cells were subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and cocultured with HL-60 cells. Results. miR-29b levels in neutrophils were found to be significantly lower in stroke patients compared with healthy controls, which may indicate its high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for stroke. Moreover, miR-29b levels in leukocytes showed a negative correlation with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and C1QTNF6 levels. In MCAO rats, miR-29b overexpression reduced brain infarct volume and brain edema, decreasing IL-1β levels in leukocytes and in the brain 24 hours poststroke. miR-29b attenuated IL-1β expression via C1QTNF6 inhibition, leading to decreased blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, miR-29b overexpression in HL-60 cells downregulated OGD-induced hCMEC/D3 cell apoptosis and increased ZO-1 and occludin levels in vitro. Conclusion. Leukocytic miR-29b attenuates inflammatory response by augmenting BBB integrity through C1QTNF6, suggesting a novel miR-29b-based therapeutic therapy for ischemic stroke.
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13
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Pflieger FJ, Wolf J, Feldotto M, Nockher A, Wenderoth T, Hernandez J, Roth J, Ott D, Rummel C. Norepinephrine Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated TNF-α but Not Oxylipin Induction in n-3/n-6 PUFA-Enriched Cultures of Circumventricular Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158745. [PMID: 35955879 PMCID: PMC9368774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) are pivotal brain structures involved in immune-to-brain communication with a leaky blood-brain barrier that detect circulating mediators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of sCVOs to produce n-3 and n-6 oxylipins after LPS-stimulation. Moreover, we investigated if norepinephrine (NE) co-treatment can alter cytokine- and oxylipin-release. Thus, we stimulated rat primary neuroglial sCVO cultures under n-3- or n-6-enriched conditions with LPS or saline combined with NE or vehicle. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines by bioassays and oxylipins by HPLC-MS/MS. Expression of signaling pathways and enzymes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α bioactivity and signaling, IL-10 expression, and cyclooxygenase (COX)2 were increased, epoxide hydroxylase (Ephx)2 was reduced, and lipoxygenase 15-(LOX) was not changed by LPS stimulation. Moreover, LPS induced increased levels of several n-6-derived oxylipins, including the COX-2 metabolite 15d-prostaglandin-J2 or the Ephx2 metabolite 14,15-DHET. For n-3-derived oxylipins, some were down- and some were upregulated, including 15-LOX-derived neuroprotectin D1 and 18-HEPE, known for their anti-inflammatory potential. While the LPS-induced increase in TNFα levels was significantly reduced by NE, oxylipins were not significantly altered by NE or changes in TNFα levels. In conclusion, LPS-induced oxylipins may play an important functional role in sCVOs for immune-to-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Feldotto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nockher
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wenderoth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Qin C, Yang S, Chu YH, Zhang H, Pang XW, Chen L, Zhou LQ, Chen M, Tian DS, Wang W. Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:215. [PMID: 35794095 PMCID: PMC9259607 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Thus, it is of great necessity to further detailly elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke and find out new therapies against the disease. In recent years, efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, including cellular excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell death processes, and neuroinflammation. In the meantime, a plethora of signaling pathways, either detrimental or neuroprotective, are also highly involved in the forementioned pathophysiology. These pathways are closely intertwined and form a complex signaling network. Also, these signaling pathways reveal therapeutic potential, as targeting these signaling pathways could possibly serve as therapeutic approaches against ischemic stroke. In this review, we describe the signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke and categorize them based on the pathophysiological processes they participate in. Therapeutic approaches targeting these signaling pathways, which are associated with the pathophysiology mentioned above, are also discussed. Meanwhile, clinical trials regarding ischemic stroke, which potentially target the pathophysiology and the signaling pathways involved, are summarized in details. Conclusively, this review elucidated potential molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways underlying ischemic stroke, and summarize the therapeutic approaches targeted various pathophysiology, with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Pang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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15
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Zheng Q, Chen Y, Zhai Y, Meng L, Liu H, Tian H, Feng R, Wang J, Zhang R, Sun K, Gao L, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu E, Teng J, Ding X. Gut Dysbiosis Is Associated With the Severity of Cryptogenic Stroke and Enhanced Systemic Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836820. [PMID: 35603160 PMCID: PMC9120915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies implicate that gut dysbiosis is related with many neurological diseases. However, the potential role of gut dysbiosis in cryptogenic stroke (CS) has not been elucidated yet. In this study, a high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and gut inflammation with increased intestinal permeability have been found in CS patients compared with normal controls (NCs). The systemic inflammation in CS patients was also identified by measuring the levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and white blood cells (WBC) count. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found increased alpha diversity, accompanied by a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae at the family level and Escherichia–Shigella, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Klebsilla at the genus level in the intestinal microbiota of CS patients compared to NCs. Our results showed that the abundance of Klebsilla was positively correlated with the systemic inflammation, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and the infarct volumes. In conclusion, gut dysbiosis in CS patients was associated with the severity of CS and the systemic inflammation. Maintaining the intestinal homeostasis may be a potential strategy for the treatment of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Renyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kedi Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Westendorp WF, Dames C, Nederkoorn PJ, Meisel A. Immunodepression, Infections, and Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2022; 53:1438-1448. [PMID: 35341322 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.038867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Immediately after stroke, a neuroinflammatory process starts in the brain, triggering a systemic immunodepression mainly through excessive activation of the autonomous nervous system. Manifestations of immunodepression include lymphopenia but also dysfunctional innate and adaptive immune cells. The resulting impaired antibacterial defenses render patients with stroke susceptible to infections. In addition, other risk factors like stroke severity, dysphagia, impaired consciousness, mechanical ventilation, catheterization, and older age predispose stroke patients for infections. Most common infections are pneumonia and urinary tract infection, both occur in ≈10% of the patients. Especially pneumonia increases unfavorable outcome and mortality in patients with stroke; systemic effects like hypotension, fever, delay in rehabilitation are thought to play a crucial role. Experimental and clinical data suggest that systemic infections enhance autoreactive immune responses against brain antigens and thus negatively affect outcome but convincing evidence is lacking. Prevention of poststroke infections by preventive antibiotic therapy did not improve functional outcome after stroke. Immunomodulatory approaches counteracting immunodepression to prevent stroke-associated pneumonia need to account for neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain and avoid further tissue damage. Experimental studies discovered interesting targets, but these have not yet been investigated in patients with stroke. A better understanding of the pathobiology may help to develop optimized approaches of preventive antibiotic therapy or immunomodulation to effectively prevent stroke-associated pneumonia while improving long-term outcome after stroke. In this review, we aim to characterize epidemiology, risk factors, cause, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and potential treatment of poststroke immunosuppression and associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke F Westendorp
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., P.J.N.)
| | - Claudia Dames
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Germany (C.D., A.M.)
| | - Paul J Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., P.J.N.)
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Germany (C.D., A.M.)
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17
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Ye X, Song G, Huang S, Liang Q, Fang Y, Lian L, Zhu S. Caspase-1: A Promising Target for Preserving Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Acute Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:856372. [PMID: 35370546 PMCID: PMC8971909 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.856372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) acts as a physical and biochemical barrier that plays a fundamental role in regulating the blood-to-brain influx of endogenous and exogenous components and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). Acute stroke leads to BBB disruption, blood substances extravasation into the brain parenchyma, and the consequence of brain edema formation with neurological impairment afterward. Caspase-1, one of the evolutionary conserved families of cysteine proteases, which is upregulated in acute stroke, mainly mediates pyroptosis and compromises BBB integrity via lytic cellular death and inflammatory cytokines release. Nowadays, targeting caspase-1 has been proven to be effective in decreasing the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and in attenuating brain edema and secondary damages during acute stroke. However, the underlying interactions among caspase-1, BBB, and stroke still remain ill-defined. Hence, in this review, we are concerned about the roles of caspase-1 activation and its associated mechanisms in stroke-induced BBB damage, aiming at providing insights into the significance of caspase-1 inhibition on stroke treatment in the near future.
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18
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Dong W, Liu X, Liu W, Wang C, Zhao S, Wen S, Gong T, Chen W, Chen Q, Ye W, Li Z, Wang Y. Dual antiplatelet therapy improves functional recovery and inhibits inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:283. [PMID: 35433995 PMCID: PMC9011245 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel (ASA + CPG) during the first 21 days has been shown to reduce the risk of major ischemic events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying combination treatment with ASA + CPG in experimental ischemic stroke has not been fully elucidated. Methods Minor cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by transient distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (tdMCAO). Two doses of ASA + CPG (12 and 24 mg/kg/day) or vehicle were administered by gavage daily. Neurological behaviors were assessed using the modified Garcia scores, Rotarod test, Y maze, and open field test. Platelet function was assessed in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by bleeding and clotting time. The neutrophil ratio and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) electrochemilunimescence, respectively. Results Sensorimotor function was partially recovered with ASA + CPG treatment after ischemia. Anxiety levels and cognitive functions showed improvement in the ASA + CPG group at 12 mg/kg/day after 21 days. Both tail bleeding time and flow cytometry showed significantly decreased platelet function after ASA + CPG treatment. Notably, ASA + CPG at 12 mg/kg/day prolonged clotting time at 28 days after injury. Furthermore, the ratio of neutrophils, an indicator of inflammation, was reduced with 12 mg/kg/day ASA + CPG treatment in the bone marrow (BM) at 21 days and in the peripheral blood (PB) at 21 and 28 days after tdMCAO. Both doses of ASA + CPG decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 expression 21 days after stroke. Taken together, these results demonstrated that combination treatment with ASA + CPG improved long-term neurological function after stroke and may inhibit platelet-neutrophil interaction by decreasing the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. Conclusions These findings indicate a neuroprotective effect of combination treatment with ASA + CPG for a duration of 21 days in an experimental acute minor stroke model. These findings provide further evidence that dual antiplatelet therapy may be a viable neuroprotective treatment to decrease the recurrence of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohong Wen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Ye
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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The Therapeutic Prospects of Targeting IL-1R1 for the Modulation of Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031731. [PMID: 35163653 PMCID: PMC8915186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) holds pivotal roles in the immune system, as it is positioned at the “epicenter” of the inflammatory signaling networks. Increased levels of the cytokine IL-1 are a recognized feature of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) during injury and disease, i.e., neuroinflammation. Despite IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling within the CNS having been the subject of several studies, the roles of IL-1R1 in the CNS cellular milieu still cause controversy. Without much doubt, however, the persistent activation of the IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling pathway is intimately linked with the pathogenesis of a plethora of CNS disease states, ranging from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS), all the way to schizophrenia and prion diseases. Importantly, a growing body of evidence is showing that blocking IL-1R1 signaling via pharmacological or genetic means in different experimental models of said CNS diseases leads to reduced neuroinflammation and delayed disease progression. The aim of this paper is to review the recent progress in the study of the biological roles of IL-1R1, as well as to highlight key aspects that render IL-1R1 a promising target for the development of novel disease-modifying treatments for multiple CNS indications.
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Spiteri AG, Wishart CL, Pamphlett R, Locatelli G, King NJC. Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:179-224. [PMID: 34853891 PMCID: PMC8742818 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
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Kurian C, Mayer S, Kaur G, Sahni R, Feldstein E, Samaan M, Viswanathan D, Sami T, Ali S, Al-Shammari H, Bloomfield J, Bravo M, Nuoman R, Gulko E, Gandhi C, Al-Mufti F. Bihemispheric ischemic strokes in patients with COVID-19. Brain Circ 2022; 8:10-16. [PMID: 35372732 PMCID: PMC8973449 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_65_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that COVID-19 can trigger thrombosis because of a hypercoagulable state, including large-vessel occlusion ischemic strokes. Bihemispheric ischemic stroke is uncommon and is thought to indicate an embolic source. Here, we examine the findings and outcomes of patients with bihemispheric stroke in the setting of COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a quaternary academic medical center between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. We identified all patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who presented with simultaneous bihemispheric ischemic strokes. RESULTS: Of 637 COVID-19 admissions during the 2-month period, 13 had a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, including 5 who developed bihemispheric cerebral infarction. Three of those 5 (60%) were female, median age was 54 (range 41–67), and all five were being managed for severe COVID-19-related pneumonia complicated by acute kidney injury and liver failure before the diagnosis of cerebral infarction was established. Five presented with elevated ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and four had lymphopenia and elevated D-dimer levels. All patients underwent neuroimaging with computed tomography for persistent depressed mentation, with or without a focal neurologic deficit, demonstrating multifocal ischemic strokes with bihemispheric involvement. Outcome was poor in all patients: two were discharged to a rehabilitation facility with moderate-to-severe disability and three (60%) patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke is implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although causality cannot be established, we present the imaging and clinical findings of patients with COVID-19 and simultaneous bihemispheric ischemic strokes. Multifocal ischemic strokes with bihemispheric involvement should be considered in COVID-19 patients with severe infection and poor neurologic status and may be associated with poor outcomes.
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Zhang X, Huang T, Lang L, Yu L. Effects of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 on NLRC4 inflammasome in brain tissues of transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221078870. [PMID: 35230166 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221078870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether LPA5 was involved in the inflammatory responses in CI/R injury by regulation of NLRC4. METHOD The cerebral I/R model in rats was constructed with ischemia of 2h and different time points of reperfusion. After that, western blot was used to determine protein expression (LPA5, NLRC4, AIM2, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, mature IL-1β, and precursor IL-1β). And LPA5 and NLRC4 expression were also detected by using immunofluorescence experiment. Afterward, two sequence of LPA5-siRNA were injected into rats via intracerebroventricular administration. TTC staining and HE staining were performed. RESULT As the reperfusion time was prolonged, LPA5 content was continuously increased, and the highest expression of NLRC4 was found at 4h of reperfusion. And protein expression of AIM2, cleaved-caspase-1, and mature IL-1β was also at highest level at 4h. And after reperfusion of 4h, LPA5 siRNA1# or 2# was injected into lateral ventricles. LPA5 silence markedly reduced the infract volume and improved the histological change of ischemic zone. And LPA5 silence significantly downregulated NLRC4, AIM2, and the ratio of cleaved-caspase-1/caspase-1 and mature IL-1β/precursor IL-1β. And compared with LPA5-siRNA2#, LPA5-siRNA1# exerted a more significant effect. CONCLUSION Low expression of LPA5 can protect against the inflammatory responses in CI/R model of rats through inhibiting NLRC4 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laizhou People's Hospital, Laizhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laizhou People's Hospital, Laizhou, China
| | - Lubo Lang
- Department of Neurology, Laizhou People's Hospital, Laizhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Neurology, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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Kara SP, Altunan B, Unal A. Investigation of the peripheral inflammation (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) in two neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1799-1807. [PMID: 34331157 PMCID: PMC8324446 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) are the neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Cognitive impairment is on the forefront in AD. However, IPD is a movement disorder. Inflammation was suggested to have an effect in the pathophysiology of these two diseases. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was shown to be a possible marker showing the peripheral inflammation. We aimed to investigate the NLR of patiens with the diagnosis of AD, and IPD, and individuals with no neurodegenerative disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 patients with the diagnosis of IPD, and 94 with diagnosis of AD, and 61 healthy controls were included into the study. All the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrospectively obtained from the hospital automated database system. RESULTS The NLR in the IPD group was found statistically significantly higher compared with the control group and the AD group (p < 0.001, p = 0.04, respectively). The age-adjusted values were statistically analyzed because of age difference. No statistically significant difference was detected between AD and control groups in terms of NLR (p = 0.6). The age-adjusted NLR value in the Parkinson's group was found significantly higher compared to the control group (p = 0.02) and Alzheimer's group (p = 0.03). DISCUSSION Chronic inflammation has an important role in the emergence and progression of the chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Our results show that the inflammation in the peripheral blood in IPD was more significant compared with the inflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonat Pınar Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Bengü Altunan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Aysun Unal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Rummel C, del Rey A, Bähr L, Krüger K, Peters E. 1st European Psychoneuroimmunology Network (EPN) Autumn School: Lung-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29 Suppl 2:3-8. [PMID: 36049468 PMCID: PMC9677835 DOI: 10.1159/000526565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
- *Christoph Rummel,
| | - Adriana del Rey
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leona Bähr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, and Universitätsmedizin-Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Tóth K, Lénárt N, Berki P, Fekete R, Szabadits E, Pósfai B, Cserép C, Alatshan A, Benkő S, Kiss D, Hübner CA, Gulyás A, Kaila K, Környei Z, Dénes Á. The NKCC1 ion transporter modulates microglial phenotype and inflammatory response to brain injury in a cell-autonomous manner. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001526. [PMID: 35085235 PMCID: PMC8856735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKCC1 ion transporter contributes to the pathophysiology of common neurological disorders, but its function in microglia, the main inflammatory cells of the brain, has remained unclear to date. Therefore, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line in which microglial NKCC1 was deleted. We show that microglial NKCC1 shapes both baseline and reactive microglia morphology, process recruitment to the site of injury, and adaptation to changes in cellular volume in a cell-autonomous manner via regulating membrane conductance. In addition, microglial NKCC1 deficiency results in NLRP3 inflammasome priming and increased production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), rendering microglia prone to exaggerated inflammatory responses. In line with this, central (intracortical) administration of the NKCC1 blocker, bumetanide, potentiated intracortical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine levels. In contrast, systemic bumetanide application decreased inflammation in the brain. Microglial NKCC1 KO animals exposed to experimental stroke showed significantly increased brain injury, inflammation, cerebral edema and worse neurological outcome. Thus, NKCC1 emerges as an important player in controlling microglial ion homeostasis and inflammatory responses through which microglia modulate brain injury. The contribution of microglia to central NKCC1 actions is likely to be relevant for common neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Tóth
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Berki
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Fekete
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabadits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ahmad Alatshan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kiss
- Software Engineering Institute, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Gulyás
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsuzsanna Környei
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Shishkina GT, Gulyaeva NV, Lanshakov DA, Kalinina TS, Onufriev MV, Moiseeva YV, Sukhareva EV, Babenko VN, Dygalo NN. Identifying the Involvement of Pro-Inflammatory Signal in Hippocampal Gene Expression Changes after Experimental Ischemia: Transcriptome-Wide Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1840. [PMID: 34944656 PMCID: PMC8698395 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cerebral ischemia induces distant inflammation in the hippocampus; however, molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain obscure. Here, hippocampal gene expression profiles were compared in two experimental paradigms in rats: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and intracerebral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The main finding is that 10 genes (Clec5a, CD14, Fgr, Hck, Anxa1, Lgals3, Irf1, Lbp, Ptx3, Serping1) may represent key molecular links underlying acute activation of immune cells in the hippocampus in response to experimental ischemia. Functional annotation clustering revealed that these genes built the same clusters related to innate immunity/immunity/innate immune response in all MCAO differentially expressed genes and responded to the direct pro-inflammatory stimulus group. The gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses also indicate that LPS-responding genes were the most abundant among the genes related to "positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process", "cell adhesion", "TNF signaling pathway", and "phagosome" as compared with non-responding ones. In contrast, positive and negative "regulation of cell proliferation" and "HIF-1 signaling pathway" mostly enriched with genes that did not respond to LPS. These results contribute to understanding genomic mechanisms of the impact of immune/inflammatory activation on expression of hippocampal genes after focal brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina T. Shishkina
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.G.); (M.V.O.); (Y.V.M.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Lanshakov
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Tatyana S. Kalinina
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Mikhail V. Onufriev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.G.); (M.V.O.); (Y.V.M.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Moiseeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.G.); (M.V.O.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Sukhareva
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Vladimir N. Babenko
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
| | - Nikolay N. Dygalo
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (T.S.K.); (E.V.S.); (V.N.B.); (N.N.D.)
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27
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Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101509. [PMID: 34742624 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is the primary growth factor required for the control of monocyte and macrophage differentiation, survival, proliferation and renewal. Although the cDNAs encoding multiple isoforms of human CSF1 were cloned in the 1980s, and recombinant proteins were available for testing in humans, CSF1 has not yet found substantial clinical application. Here we present an overview of CSF1 biology, including evolution, regulation and functions of cell surface and secreted isoforms. CSF1 is widely-expressed, primarily by cells of mesenchymal lineages, in all mouse tissues. Cell-specific deletion of a floxed Csf1 allele in mice indicates that local CSF1 production contributes to the maintenance of tissue-specific macrophage populations but is not saturating. CSF1 in the circulation is controlled primarily by receptor-mediated clearance by macrophages in liver and spleen. Administration of recombinant CSF1 to humans or animals leads to monocytosis and expansion of tissue macrophage populations and growth of the liver and spleen. In a wide variety of tissue injury models, CSF1 administration promotes monocyte infiltration, clearance of damaged cells and repair. We suggest that CSF1 has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Li W, Hou M, Ding Z, Liu X, Shao Y, Li X. Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:686983. [PMID: 34630275 PMCID: PMC8497704 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.686983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke has become a major problem around the world, which is one of the main causes of long-term disability. Therefore, it is important to seek a biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with stroke. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of stroke patients. Methods: This study was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020186544). We performed systematic research in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for studies investigating the prognostic value of NLR. Based on the enrolled studies, patients were divided into the low-NLR cohort and the high-NLR cohort. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analyzed by the Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software. Heterogeneity was estimated by using Cochran's Q test and I2 value. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and assessed by Egger's tests. Results: Forty-one studies with 27,124 patients were included. In the overall analysis, elevated NLR was associated with an increased mortality in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07–1.16) and in acute hemorrhagic stroke (AHS) patients (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.09–1.39), poorer outcomes in AIS patients (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.16–1.44), and in AHS patients (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03–1.20). While in terms of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), elevated NLR was associated with an increased incidence of HT in AIS patients (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.08–1.23). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that elevated NLR was significantly associated with poor prognosis of stroke patients. High NLR is associated with a 1.1- to 1.3-fold increased risk of poor outcomes of AIS/AHS patients. NLR could be helpful as a potential prognostic biomarker to guide clinical decision making. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020186544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Li
- Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Cui P, McCullough LD, Hao J. Brain to periphery in acute ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical significance. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100932. [PMID: 34273406 PMCID: PMC9850260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The social and public health burdens of ischemic stroke have been increasing worldwide. In addition to focal brain damage, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) provokes systemic abnormalities across peripheral organs. AIS profoundly alters the autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immune system, which further yield deleterious organ-specific consequences. Poststroke systemic pathological alterations in turn considerably contribute to the progression of ischemic brain injury, which accounts for the substantial impact of systemic complications on stroke outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive and updated pathophysiological model elucidating the systemic effects of AIS. To address their clinical significance and inform stroke management, we also outline the resulting systemic complications at particular stages of AIS and highlight the mechanisms. Future therapeutic strategies should attempt to integrate the treatment of primary brain lesions with interventions for secondary systemic complications, and should be tailored to patient individualized characteristics to optimize stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Mastorakos P, Russo MV, Zhou T, Johnson K, McGavern DB. Antimicrobial immunity impedes CNS vascular repair following brain injury. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1280-1293. [PMID: 34556874 PMCID: PMC8488012 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebrovascular injury are leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Systemic infections often accompany these disorders and can worsen outcomes. Recovery after brain injury depends on innate immunity, but the effect of infections on this process is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that systemically introduced microorganisms and microbial products interfered with meningeal vascular repair after TBI in a type I interferon (IFN-I)-dependent manner, with sequential infections promoting chronic disrepair. Mechanistically, we discovered that MDA5-dependent detection of an arenavirus encountered after TBI disrupted pro-angiogenic myeloid cell programming via induction of IFN-I signaling. Systemic viral infection similarly blocked restorative angiogenesis in the brain parenchyma after intracranial hemorrhage, leading to chronic IFN-I signaling, blood-brain barrier leakage and a failure to restore cognitive-motor function. Our findings reveal a common immunological mechanism by which systemic infections deviate reparative programming after central nervous system injury and offer a new therapeutic target to improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgical Neurology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew V Russo
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tianzan Zhou
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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31
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Pan Y, Jiao Q, Wei W, Zheng T, Yang X, Xin W. Emerging Role of LncRNAs in Ischemic Stroke-Novel Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4467-4483. [PMID: 34522116 PMCID: PMC8434908 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a crucial kind of pervasive gene, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant and key players in brain function as well as numerous neurological disorders, especially ischemic stroke. The mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke include angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell death, and neuroinflammation. Inflammation plays a vital role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and systemic inflammation affects the patient’s prognosis. Although a great deal of research has illustrated that various lncRNAs are closely relevant to regulate neuroinflammation and microglial activation in ischemic stroke, the specific interactional relationships and mechanisms between lncRNAs and neuroinflammation have not been described clearly. This review aimed to summarize the therapeutic effects and action mechanisms of lncRNAs on ischemia by regulating inflammation and microglial activation. In addition, we emphasize that lncRNAs have the potential to modulate inflammation by inhibiting and activating various signaling pathways, such as microRNAs, NF‐κB and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzheng Jiao
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gucheng County Hospital, Gucheng, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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32
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Xin WQ, Wei W, Pan YL, Cui BL, Yang XY, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. Modulating poststroke inflammatory mechanisms: Novel aspects of mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles and microglia. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1030-1048. [PMID: 34567423 PMCID: PMC8422926 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and systemic inflammation affects patient prognosis. As resident immune cells in the brain, microglia are significantly involved in immune defense and tissue repair under various pathological conditions, including cerebral ischemia. Although the differentiation of M1 and M2 microglia is certainly oversimplified, changing the activation state of microglia appears to be an intriguing therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia. Recent evidence indicates that both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate inflammation and modify tissue repair under preclinical stroke conditions. However, the precise mechanisms of these signaling pathways, especially in the context of the mutual interaction between MSCs or MSC-derived EVs and resident microglia, have not been sufficiently unveiled. Hence, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on MSC- and MSC-EV-mediated regulation of microglial activity under ischemic stroke conditions with respect to various signaling pathways, including cytokines, neurotrophic factors, transcription factors, and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Yong-Li Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Bao-Long Cui
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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33
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Chen JS, Wang HK, Hsu CY, Su YT, Chen JS, Liang CL, Hsieh PCH, Wu CC, Kwan AL. HDAC1 deregulation promotes neuronal loss and deficit of motor function in stroke pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16354. [PMID: 34381129 PMCID: PMC8357973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cause of death worldwide and leads to disability and cognitive dysfunction. Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are major categories of stroke, accounting for 68% and 32% of strokes, respectively. Each year, 15 million people experience stroke worldwide, and the stroke incidence is rising. Epigenetic modifications regulate gene transcription and play a major role in stroke. Accordingly, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) participates in DNA damage repair and cell survival. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of HDAC1 in stroke pathogenesis are still controversial. Therefore, we investigated the role of HDAC1 in stroke by using a rat model of endothelin-1-induced brain ischemia. Our results revealed that HDAC1 was deregulated following stroke, and its expressional level and enzymatic activity were decreased. We also used MS-275 to inhibit HDAC1 function in rats exposed to ischemic insult. We found that HDAC1 inhibition promoted the infarct volume, neuronal loss, DNA damage, neuronal apoptosis after stroke, and levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammation cytokines. Additionally, HDAC1 inhibition deteriorated the behavioral outcomes of rats with ischemic insult. Overall, our findings demonstrate that HDAC1 participates in ischemic pathogenesis in the brain and possesses potential for use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Sheng Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kuang Wang
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- grid.145695.aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Loong Liang
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Ching-Ho Hsieh
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Schulz C, Petzold T, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H. Macrophage Regulation of Granulopoiesis and Neutrophil Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:182-191. [PMID: 33107319 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Neutrophils are potent effector cells of innate immunity requiring precise regulation of their numbers and functions in blood and tissues. Recent Advances: Macrophages have emerged as modulators of neutrophil properties. In inflammatory conditions, tissue macrophages modulate neutrophil trafficking and activation. Further, macrophages govern granulopoiesis in the bone marrow hematopoietic niche. Interactions of macrophages and neutrophils can be induced by cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns, and they are also regulated by oxidative signaling. Critical Issues: We review the impact of macrophages on neutrophil development and function, and its consequences in health and disease. Future Directions: Targeting the liaison between macrophages and neutrophils might provide an interesting therapeutic strategy to reduce tissue inflammation and promote immune tolerance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 182-191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany
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35
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Graça SC, Mosca T, Gagliardi RJ, Forte WCN. Neutrophilic inflammation in stroke. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1038-1042. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Guo Y, Dong L, Gong A, Zhang J, Jing L, Ding T, Li PAA, Zhang JZ. Damage to the blood‑brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation by focal cerebral ischemia under hyperglycemic condition. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:142. [PMID: 34080644 PMCID: PMC8175066 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia aggravates brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and increases the permeability of the blood‑brain barrier (BBB). However, there are relatively few studies on morphological changes of the BBB. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on BBB morphological changes following cerebral I/R injury. Streptozotocin‑induced hyperglycemic and citrate‑buffered saline‑injected normoglycemic rats were subjected to 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological deficits were evaluated. Brain infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans blue and IgG extravasation following 24 h reperfusion. Changes in tight junctions (TJ) and basement membrane (BM) proteins (claudin, occludin and zonula occludens‑1) were examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Astrocytes, microglial cells and neutrophils were labeled with specific antibodies for immunohistochemistry after 1, 3 and 7 days of reperfusion. Hyperglycemia increased extravasations of Evan's blue and IgG and aggravated damage to TJ and BM proteins following I/R injury. Furthermore, hyperglycemia suppressed astrocyte activation and damaged astrocytic endfeet surrounding cerebral blood vessels following I/R. Hyperglycemia inhibited microglia activation and proliferation and increased neutrophil infiltration in the brain. It was concluded that hyperglycemia‑induced BBB leakage following I/R might be caused by damage to TJ and BM proteins and astrocytic endfeet. Furthermore, suppression of microglial cells and increased neutrophil infiltration to the brain may contribute to the detrimental effects of pre‑ischemic hyperglycemia on the outcome of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingdi Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ao Gong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Tomas Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise, College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Ping-An Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise, College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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37
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Michael BD, Bricio-Moreno L, Sorensen EW, Miyabe Y, Lian J, Solomon T, Kurt-Jones EA, Luster AD. Astrocyte- and Neuron-Derived CXCL1 Drives Neutrophil Transmigration and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Viral Encephalitis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108150. [PMID: 32937134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 encephalitis has significant morbidity partly because of an over-exuberant immune response characterized by leukocyte infiltration into the brain and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Determining the role of specific leukocyte subsets and the factors that mediate their recruitment into the brain is critical to developing targeted immune therapies. In a murine model, we find that the chemokines CXCL1 and CCL2 are induced in the brain following HSV-1 infection. Ccr2 (CCL2 receptor)-deficient mice have reduced monocyte recruitment, uncontrolled viral replication, and increased morbidity. Contrastingly, Cxcr2 (CXCL1 receptor)-deficient mice exhibit markedly reduced neutrophil recruitment, BBB permeability, and morbidity, without influencing viral load. CXCL1 is produced by astrocytes in response to HSV-1 and by astrocytes and neurons in response to IL-1α, and it is the critical ligand required for neutrophil transendothelial migration, which correlates with BBB breakdown. Thus, the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis represents an attractive therapeutic target to limit neutrophil-mediated morbidity in HSV-1 encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict D Michael
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Neurology, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK
| | - Laura Bricio-Moreno
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Sorensen
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Lian
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tom Solomon
- National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Neurology, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK
| | - Evelyn A Kurt-Jones
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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38
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Wang A, Quan K, Tian X, Zuo Y, Meng X, Chen P, Li H, Wang Y. Leukocyte subtypes and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:748. [PMID: 34268361 PMCID: PMC8246222 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to evaluate whether the effects on adverse clinical outcomes, defined as death, recurrent stroke, and poor functional outcomes, differed by leukocyte subtype in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events, including both ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods We derived data from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III). The counts and percentages of each leukocyte subtype were collected within the first 24 hours after admission. Enrolled patients were classified into four groups by the quartiles of each leukocyte subtype count or percentage. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of adverse clinical outcomes were calculated, with the lowest quartile group as the reference category. We used C statistics, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and the net reclassification index (NRI) to evaluate each leukocyte subtype's incremental predictive value beyond conventional risk factors. Results A total of 14,174 patients were enrolled. Higher counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes were associated with elevated risks of adverse clinical outcomes. In contrast, higher counts of lymphocytes and eosinophils were related to reduced risks of adverse clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, basophil counts seemed to not correlate with adverse clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there were also significant associations between the percentages of leukocyte subtypes and adverse clinical outcomes. Conclusions Leukocyte subtypes had different relationships with adverse clinical outcomes at 3-month and 1-year follow-up in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events and could slightly increase the predictive value compared with the conventional model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Quan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tian
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingting Zuo
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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39
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Kim M, Kim SD, Kim KI, Jeon EH, Kim MG, Lim YR, Lkhagva-Yondon E, Oh Y, Na K, Chung YC, Jin BK, Song YS, Jeon MS. Dynamics of T Lymphocyte between the Periphery and the Brain from the Acute to the Chronic Phase Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:155-169. [PMID: 33707347 PMCID: PMC8118758 DOI: 10.5607/en20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes systemic immunosuppression. T lymphocytes are involved in infarct size in the early stages of stroke. However, the phenotypes of T lymphocytes and their functions in peripheral immune organs and the brain have not been well analyzed in the acute and chronic phases of stroke. Here, we investigated pathological phenotypic alterations in the systemic immune response, especially changes in T lymphocytes, from one day to six months after ischemic stroke in mice. Impairment in thymocyte numbers, development, proliferation, and apoptosis were observed for up to two weeks. The number of mature T cells in the spleen and blood decreased and showed reduced interferon-γ production. Increased numbers of CD4-CD8-CD3+ double-negative T cells were observed in the mouse brain during the early stages of stroke, whereas interleukin (IL)-10+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes increased from two weeks during the chronic phase. These phenotypes correlated with body weight and neurological severity scores. The recovery of T lymphocyte numbers and increases in IL-10+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes may be important for long-term neurological outcomes. Dynamic changes in T lymphocytes between the acute and chronic phases may play different roles in pathogenesis and recovery. This study provides fundamental information regarding the T lymphocyte alterations from the brain to the peripheral immune organs following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minha Kim
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - So-Dam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Kyoung In Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Eun Hae Jeon
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Min Gee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yu-Ree Lim
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Enkhmaa Lkhagva-Yondon
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Yena Oh
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Kwangmin Na
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Young Cheul Chung
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Jeon
- Translational Research Center, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, IRIMS, and College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Metabolism and Immunoregulation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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40
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Dual Roles of Microglia in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083907. [PMID: 33918947 PMCID: PMC8070536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing age of the population, the incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has increased exponentially. The development of novel therapeutic interventions requires an understanding of the involvement of senescent brain cells in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we highlight the roles played by microglia in the basal ganglia in the pathophysiological processes of PD. In PD, dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) activates the microglia, which then promote DAergic neuronal degeneration by releasing potentially neurotoxic factors, including nitric oxide, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, microglia are also activated in the basal ganglia outputs (the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the globus pallidus) in response to excess glutamate released from hyperactive subthalamic nuclei-derived synapses. The activated microglia then eliminate the hyperactive glutamatergic synapses. Synapse elimination may be the mechanism underlying the compensation that masks the appearance of PD symptoms despite substantial DAergic neuronal loss. Microglial senescence may correlate with their enhanced neurotoxicity in the SNc and the reduced compensatory actions in the basal ganglia outputs. The dual roles of microglia in different basal ganglia regions make it difficult to develop interventions targeting microglia for PD treatment.
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41
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Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion in adult mice disrupts blood-brain barrier and facilitates brain infiltration of monocytes after bone-marrow transplantation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:102-114. [PMID: 33242652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between intestinal bacteria and the central nervous system, so called "the gut-brain axis", is critically important for maintaining brain homeostasis and function. This study aimed to investigate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and migration of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells to the brain parenchyma after intestinal microbiota depletion in adult mice. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was induced with 5 non-absorbable antibiotics in drinking water in mice that had received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion reduced expression of tight-junction proteins of the brain blood vessels and increased BBB permeability. Fecal microbiota transplantation of antibiotics treated mice with pathogen-free gut microbiota decreased BBB permeability and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins. The BM-derived GFP+ cells were observed to infiltrate specific brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the septal nucleus (SPT) and the hippocampus (CA3). The infiltrated cells acquired a ramified microglia-like morphology and Iba1, a microglia marker, was expressed in all GFP+ cells, whereas they were negative for the astrocyte marker GFAP. Furthermore, treatment with CCR2 antagonist (RS102895) suppressed the recruitment of BM-derived monocytes to the brain. We report for the first time the migration of BM-derived monocytes to the brain regions involved in regulating emotional behaviors after depletion of intestinal microbiota in BMT background mice. However, mechanisms responsible for the migration and functions of the microglia-like infiltrated cells in the brain need further investigation. These findings indicate that monocyte recruitment to the brain in response to gut microbiota dysbiosis may represent a novel cellular mechanism that contributes to the development of brain disorders.
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42
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Yates AG, Jogia T, Gillespie ER, Couch Y, Ruitenberg MJ, Anthony DC. Acute IL-1RA treatment suppresses the peripheral and central inflammatory response to spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:15. [PMID: 33407641 PMCID: PMC7788822 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute phase response (APR) to CNS insults contributes to the overall magnitude and nature of the systemic inflammatory response. Aspects of this response are thought to drive secondary inflammatory pathology at the lesion site, and suppression of the APR can therefore afford some neuroprotection. In this study, we examined the APR in a mouse model of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), along with its relationship to neutrophil recruitment during the immediate aftermath of the insult. We specifically investigated the effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) administration on the APR and leukocyte recruitment to the injured spinal cord. METHODS Adult female C57BL/6 mice underwent either a 70kD contusive SCI, or sham surgery, and tissue was collected at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-operation. For IL-1RA experiments, SCI mice received two intraperitoneal injections of human IL-1RA (100mg/kg), or saline as control, immediately following, and 5 hours after impact, and animals were sacrificed 6 hours later. Blood, spleen, liver and spinal cord were collected to study markers of central and peripheral inflammation by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Results were analysed by two-way ANOVA or student's t-test, as appropriate. RESULTS SCI induced a robust APR, hallmarked by elevated hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory marker genes and a significantly increased neutrophil presence in the blood, liver and spleen of these animals, as early as 2 hours after injury. This peripheral response preceded significant neutrophil infiltration of the spinal cord, which peaked 24 hours post-SCI. Although expression of IL-1RA was also induced in the liver following SCI, its response was delayed compared to IL-1β. Exogenous administration of IL-1RA during this putative therapeutic window was able to suppress the hepatic APR, as evidenced by a reduction in CXCL1 and SAA-2 expression as well as a significant decrease in neutrophil infiltration in both the liver and the injured spinal cord itself. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that peripheral administration of IL-1RA can attenuate the APR which in turn reduces immune cell infiltration at the spinal cord lesion site. We propose IL-1RA treatment as a viable therapeutic strategy to minimise the harmful effects of SCI-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trisha Jogia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellen R Gillespie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme, RDM-Investigative Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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43
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Loppi S, Korhonen P, Bouvy‐Liivrand M, Caligola S, Turunen TA, Turunen MP, Hernandez de Sande A, Kołosowska N, Scoyni F, Rosell A, García‐Berrocoso T, Lemarchant S, Dhungana H, Montaner J, Koistinaho J, Kanninen KM, Kaikkonen MU, Giugno R, Heinäniemi M, Malm T. Peripheral inflammation preceeding ischemia impairs neuronal survival through mechanisms involving miR-127 in aged animals. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13287. [PMID: 33369048 PMCID: PMC7811844 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, the third leading cause of death in the Western world, affects mainly the elderly and is strongly associated with comorbid conditions such as atherosclerosis or diabetes, which are pathologically characterized by increased inflammation and are known to influence the outcome of stroke. Stroke incidence peaks during influenza seasons, and patients suffering from infections such as pneumonia prior to stroke exhibit a worse stroke outcome. Earlier studies have shown that comorbidities aggravate the outcome of stroke, yet the mediators of this phenomenon remain obscure. Here, we show that acute peripheral inflammation aggravates stroke‐induced neuronal damage and motor deficits specifically in aged mice. This is associated with increased levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, rather than with an increase of inflammatory mediators in the affected brain parenchyma. Nascent transcriptomics data with mature microRNA sequencing were used to identify the neuron‐specific miRNome, in order to decipher dysregulated miRNAs in the brains of aged animals with stroke and co‐existing inflammation. We pinpoint a previously uninvestigated miRNA in the brain, miR‐127, that is highly neuronal, to be associated with increased cell death in the aged, LPS‐injected ischemic mice. Target prediction tools indicate that miR‐127 interacts with several basally expressed neuronal genes, and of these we verify miR‐127 binding to Psmd3. Finally, we report reduced expression of miR‐127 in human stroke brains. Our results underline the impact of peripheral inflammation on the outcome of stroke in aged subjects and pinpoint molecular targets for restoring endogenous neuronal capacity to combat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Loppi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Department of Immunobiology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | | | - Simone Caligola
- Department of Computer Science University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Tiia A. Turunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Mikko P. Turunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | | | - Natalia Kołosowska
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Flavia Scoyni
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Teresa García‐Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Sighild Lemarchant
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Neuroscience Center University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Neuroscience Center University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science University of Verona Verona Italy
| | | | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
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44
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Jeon J, Lourenco J, Kaiser EE, Waters ES, Scheulin KM, Fang X, Kinder HA, Platt SR, Rothrock MJ, Callaway TR, West FD, Park HJ. Dynamic Changes in the Gut Microbiome at the Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke in a Pig Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:587986. [PMID: 33343283 PMCID: PMC7744295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.587986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability affecting seven million adults in the United States each year. Recently, it has been demonstrated that neurological diseases, associated pathology, and susceptibility changes correlated with changes in the gut microbiota. However, changes in the microbial community in stroke has not been well characterized. The acute stage of stroke is a critical period for assessing injury severity, therapeutic intervention, and clinical prognosis. We investigated the changes in the gut microbiota composition and diversity using a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion ischemic stroke pig model. Ischemic stroke was induced by cauterization of the MCA in pigs. Blood samples were collected prestroke and 4 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 5 days poststroke to evaluate circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Fecal samples were collected prestroke and 1, 3, and 5 days poststroke to assess gut microbiome changes. Results showed elevated systemic inflammation with increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha at 4 h and interleukin-6 at 12 h poststroke, relative to prestroke. Microbial diversity and evenness were reduced at 1 day poststroke compared to prestroke. Microbial diversity at 3 days poststroke was negatively correlated with lesion volume. Moreover, beta-diversity analysis revealed trending overall differences over time, with the most significant changes in microbial patterns observed between prestroke and 3 days poststroke. Abundance of the Proteobacteria was significantly increased, while Firmicutes decreased at 3 days poststroke, compared to prestroke populations. Abundance of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus was reduced at 3 days poststroke. By day 5, the microbial pattern returned to similar values as prestroke, suggesting the plasticity of gut microbiome in an acute period of stroke in a pig model. These findings provide a basis for characterizing gut microbial changes during the acute stage of stroke, which can be used to assess stroke pathology and the potential development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jeon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jeferson Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Holly A Kinder
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Simon R Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Kurita N, Yamashiro K, Kuroki T, Tanaka R, Urabe T, Ueno Y, Miyamoto N, Takanashi M, Shimura H, Inaba T, Yamashiro Y, Nomoto K, Matsumoto S, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Hattori N. Metabolic endotoxemia promotes neuroinflammation after focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2505-2520. [PMID: 31910709 PMCID: PMC7820690 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19899577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent inflammatory stimulus for the innate immune response via toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation. Type 2 diabetes is associated with changes in gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier functions, leading to translocation of microbiota-derived LPS into the circulatory system, a condition referred to as metabolic endotoxemia. We investigated the effects of metabolic endotoxemia after experimental stroke with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a murine model of type 2 diabetes (db/db) and phenotypically normal littermates (db/+). Compared to db/+ mice, db/db mice exhibited an altered gut microbial composition, increased intestinal permeability, and higher plasma LPS levels. In addition, db/db mice presented increased infarct volumes and higher expression levels of LPS, TLR4, and inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain, as well as more severe neurological impairments and reduced survival rates after MCAO. Oral administration of a non-absorbable antibiotic modulated the gut microbiota and improved metabolic endotoxemia and stroke outcomes in db/db mice; these effects were associated with reduction of LPS levels and neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain. These data suggest that targeting metabolic endotoxemia may be a novel potential therapeutic strategy to improve stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Kurita
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kuroki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Inaba
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Serum IgG titers to periodontal pathogens predict 3-month outcome in ischemic stroke patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237185. [PMID: 32760103 PMCID: PMC7410289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cohort studies have shown that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk for stroke. However, it remains unclear whether serum antibody titers for a specific periodontal pathogen are associated with outcome after ischemic stroke, and which kinds of pathogens are associated with ischemic stroke. We examined the relationship between serum IgG titers to periodontal pathogens and outcome in ischemic stroke patients. A total of 445 patients with acute ischemic stroke (194 female [44.0%], mean age 71.9±12.3 years) were registered in this study. Serum IgG titers to 9 periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythensis, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens) were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. An unfavorable outcome was defined as a 3 or higher on the modified Rankin Scale. The proportion of patients with unfavorable outcome was 25.4% (113 patients). Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, numbers of IgG antibodies positive for periodontal pathogens (odds ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.41, p = 0.03) were independent predictors of unfavorable outcome in ischemic stroke patients.
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47
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Cervellati C, Trentini A, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Inflammation in Neurological Disorders: The Thin Boundary Between Brain and Periphery. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:191-210. [PMID: 32143546 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of several highly prevalent, but also rare, neurological diseases. In particular, the neurodegenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are fueled by neuroinflammation, which, in turn, is accompanied by a parallel systemic immune dysregulation. This cross-talk between periphery and the brain becomes substantial when the blood-brain barrier loses its integrity, as often occurs in the course of these diseases. It has been hypothesized that the perpetual bidirectional flux of inflammatory mediators is not a mere "static" collateral effect of the neurodegeneration, but represents a proactive phenomenon sparking and driving the neuropathological processes. However, the upstream/downstream relationship between inflammatory events and neurological pathology is still unclear. Recent Advances: Solid recent evidence clearly suggests that metabolic factors, systemic infections, Microbiota dysbiosis, and oxidative stress are implicated, although to a different extent, in the development in brain diseases. Critical Issues: Here, we reviewed the most solid published evidence supporting the implication of the axis systemic inflammation-neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of AD, VAD, PD, and MS, highlighting the possible cause of the putative downstream component of the axis. Future Directions: Reaching a definitive clinical/epidemiological appreciation of the etiopathogenic significance of the connection between peripheral and brain inflammation in neurologic disorders is pivotal since it could open novel therapeutic avenues for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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48
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Machhi J, Kevadiya BD, Muhammad IK, Herskovitz J, Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 32503641 PMCID: PMC7275301 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that adaptive immunity influences the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Misfolded aggregated self-proteins can break immune tolerance leading to the induction of autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs) with associated decreases in anti-inflammatory neuroprotective regulatory T cells (Tregs). An imbalance between Teffs and Tregs leads to microglial activation, inflammation and neuronal injury. The cascade of such a disordered immunity includes the drainage of the aggregated protein antigens into cervical lymph nodes serving to amplify effector immune responses. Both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate transformation of this altered immunity for therapeutic gain. We posit that the signs and symptoms of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke can be attenuated by boosting Treg activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94304 USA
| | - Ijaz Khan Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, 23561 Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
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49
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Sun S, Li L, Dong L, Cheng J, Zhao C, Bao C, Wang H. Circulating mRNA and microRNA profiling analysis in patients with ischemic stroke. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:792-802. [PMID: 32626985 PMCID: PMC7339759 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide insight into molecular diagnosis and individualized treatment of ischemic stroke (IS), several available datasets in IS were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). Series matrix files from GSE22255 and GSE16561 (mRNA profiles), a well as GSE110993 (miRNA profile) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. System-level clustering was performed with GeneCluster 3.0 software, and gene annotation and pathway enrichment were performed with gene ontology analysis and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery software. For a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets and IntAct interaction information were integrated to determine the interaction of differentially expressed genes. The selected miRNA candidates were imported into the TargetScan, miRDB and miRecords databases for the prediction of target genes. The present study identified 128 upregulated and 231 downregulated genes in female stroke patients, and 604 upregulated and 337 downregulated genes in male stroke patients compared with sex- and age-matched controls. The construction of a PPI network demonstrated that male stroke patients exhibited YWHAE, CUL3 and JUN as network center nodes, and in female patients CYLD, FOS and PIK3R1 interactions were the strongest. Notably, these interactions are mainly involved in immune inflammatory response, apoptosis and other biological pathways, such as blood coagulation. Female and male upregulated genes were cross-validated with another set of Illumina HumanRef-8 v3.0 expression beadchip (GSE16561). Functional item association networks, gene function networks and transcriptional regulatory networks were successfully constructed, and the relationships between miRNAs and target genes were successfully predicted. The present study identified a number of transcription factors, including DEFA1, PDK4, SDPR, TCN1 and MMP9, and miRNAs, including miRNA (miR)-21, miR-143/145, miR-125-5p and miR-122, which may serve important roles in the development of cerebral stroke and may be important molecular indicators for the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
| | - Chu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, P.R. China
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Cai Y, Xu TT, Lu CQ, Ma YY, Chang D, Zhang Y, Gu XC, Ju S. Endogenous Regulatory T Cells Promote M2 Macrophage Phenotype in Diabetic Stroke as Visualized by Optical Imaging. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:136-146. [PMID: 32240524 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an immunosuppressive role in various diseases, yet their function remains controversial in stroke and obscure in diabetic stroke. In the present study, Tregs were found downregulated in the peripheral blood of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stroke models and patients compared with controls. In ischemic stroke mice (both T2DM and wild type), endogenous Tregs boosted by CD28SA increased CD206+ M2 macrophage/microglia cells, decreased infarct volumes, and improved neurological recovery. Our results demonstrated the potential of boosting Tregs for treating T2DM stroke. Furthermore, we utilized an optical imaging probe (IRD-αCD206) to target M2 macrophage/microglia cells and demonstrated its effect in visualizing M2 macrophage/microglia cells in vivo in ischemic brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chun-Qiang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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