1
|
Sainsily-Cesarus A, Schmitt E, Landre L, Botzung A, Rauch L, Demuynck C, Philippi N, de Sousa PL, Mutter C, Cretin B, Martin-Hunyadi C, Blanc F. Dementia with Lewy bodies and gait neural basis: a cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:170. [PMID: 39080741 PMCID: PMC11287986 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is responsible for cognitive-behavioural disorders but also for gait disorders. The latter are thought to be related to parkinsonism, but the neural bases of these disorders are not well known, especially in the early stages. The aim of this study was to investigate by volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging the neuronal basis of gait disorders in DLB patients, compared to Healthy Elderly Controls and Alzheimer's Disease patients. METHODS Clinical examination with motor assessment including 10-meter walking speed, one-leg balance and Timed Up and Go test, a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and 3D brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging were performed on 84 DLB patients, 39 Alzheimer's Disease patients and 22 Healthy Elderly Controls. We used Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 to perform a one-sample t-test to investigate the correlation between each gait score and gray matter volume (P ≤ 0.05 corrected for family-wise error). RESULTS We found a correlation for DLB patients between walking speed and gray matter decrease (P < 0.05, corrected for family-wise error) in caudate nuclei, anterior cingulate cortex, mid-cingulate cortex, hippocampi, supplementary motor area, right cerebellar cortex and left parietal operculum. We found no correlation with Timed Up and Go test and one-leg balance. CONCLUSION Gait disorders are underpinned by certain classical regions such as the cerebellum and the supplementary motor area. Our results suggest there may be a motivational and emotional component of voluntary gait in DLB subjects, underpinned by the cingulate cortex, a spatial orientation component, underpinned by hippocampi and suggest the involvement of brain processing speed and parkinsonism, underpinned by the caudate nuclei. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT01876459) on June 12, 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele Sainsily-Cesarus
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schmitt
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, EA-3072, France.
| | - Lionel Landre
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Botzung
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucie Rauch
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Demuynck
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paulo Loureiro de Sousa
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Mutter
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CIC INSERM 1434, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Martin-Hunyadi
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frederic Blanc
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Furuta T, Morita T, Miura G, Naito E. Structural and functional features characterizing the brains of individuals with higher controllability of motor imagery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17243. [PMID: 39060339 PMCID: PMC11282224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery is a higher-order cognitive brain function that mentally simulates movements without performing the actual physical one. Although motor imagery has attracted the interest of many researchers, and mental practice utilizing motor imagery has been widely used in sports training and post-stroke rehabilitation, neural bases that determine individual differences in motor imagery ability are not well understood. In this study, using controllability of motor imagery (CMI) test that can objectively evaluate individual ability to manipulate one's imaginary postures, we examined structural and functional features characterizing the brains of individuals with higher controllability of motor imagery, by analyzing T1-weighted structural MRI data obtained from 89 participants and functional MRI data obtained from 28 of 89 participants. The higher CMI test scorers had larger volume in the bilateral superior frontoparietal white matter regions. The CMI test activated the bilateral dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) and superior parietal lobule (SPL); specifically, the left PMD and/or the right SPL enhanced functional coupling with the visual body, somatosensory, and motor/kinesthetic areas in the higher scorers. Hence, controllability of motor imagery is higher for those who well-develop superior frontoparietal network, and for those whose this network accesses these sensory areas to predict the expected multisensory experiences during motor imagery. This study elucidated for the first time the structural and functional features characterizing the brains of individuals with higher controllability of motor imagery, and advanced understanding of individual differences in motor imagery ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Furuta
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gen Miura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basile GA, Tatti E, Bertino S, Milardi D, Genovese G, Bruno A, Muscatello MRA, Ciurleo R, Cerasa A, Quartarone A, Cacciola A. Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1047-1072. [PMID: 38683211 PMCID: PMC11147881 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS) is a construct referring to the portion of space immediately surrounding our bodies, where most of the interactions between the subject and the environment, including other individuals, take place. Decades of animal and human neuroscience research have revealed that the brain holds a separate representation of this region of space: this distinct spatial representation has evolved to ensure proper relevance to stimuli that are close to the body and prompt an appropriate behavioral response. The neural underpinnings of such construct have been thoroughly investigated by different generations of studies involving anatomical and electrophysiological investigations in animal models, and, recently, neuroimaging experiments in human subjects. Here, we provide a comprehensive anatomical overview of the anatomical circuitry underlying PPS representation in the human brain. Gathering evidence from multiple areas of research, we identified cortical and subcortical regions that are involved in specific aspects of PPS encoding.We show how these regions are part of segregated, yet integrated functional networks within the brain, which are in turn involved in higher-order integration of information. This wide-scale circuitry accounts for the relevance of PPS encoding in multiple brain functions, including not only motor planning and visuospatial attention but also emotional and social cognitive aspects. A complete characterization of these circuits may clarify the derangements of PPS representation observed in different neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bruno
- Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cerasa
- S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy, Messina, Italy
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Cacciola
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frank SM. Transfer of Tactile Learning to Untrained Body Parts: Emerging Cortical Mechanisms. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241256277. [PMID: 38813891 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241256277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pioneering investigations in the mid-19th century revealed that the perception of tactile cues presented to the surface of the skin improves with training, which is referred to as tactile learning. Surprisingly, tactile learning also occurs for body parts and skin locations that are not physically involved in the training. For example, after training of a finger, tactile learning transfers to adjacent untrained fingers. This suggests that the transfer of tactile learning follows a somatotopic pattern and involves brain regions such as the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), in which the trained and untrained body parts and skin locations are represented close to each other. However, other results showed that transfer occurs between body parts that are not represented close to each other in S1-for example, between the hand and the foot. These and similar findings have led to the suggestion of additional cortical mechanisms to explain the transfer of tactile learning. Here, different mechanisms are reviewed, and the extent to which they can explain the transfer of tactile learning is discussed. What all of these mechanisms have in common is that they assume a representational or functional relationship between the trained and untrained body parts and skin locations. However, none of these mechanisms alone can explain the complex pattern of transfer results, and it is likely that different mechanisms interact to enable transfer, perhaps in concert with higher somatosensory and decision-making areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Frank
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monaghan AS, Ofori E, Fling BW, Peterson DS. Associating white matter microstructural integrity and improvements in reactive stepping in people with Parkinson's Disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00867-w. [PMID: 38530517 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive steps are rapid responses after balance challenges. People with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD) demonstrate impaired reactive stepping, increasing fall-risk. Although PwPD can improve steps through practice, the neural mechanisms contributing to improved reactive stepping are poorly understood. This study investigated white-matter correlates of responsiveness to reactive step training in PwPD. In an eighteen-week multiple-baseline study, participants (n = 22) underwent baseline assessments (B1 and B2 two-weeks apart), a two-week training protocol, and post-training assessments immediately (P1) and two-months (P2) post-training. Assessments involved three backward reactive step trials, measuring anterior-posterior margin of stability (AP MOS), step length, and step latency. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics correlated white-matter integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD)) with retained (P2-B2) and immediate improvements (P1-B2) in stepping. Significant and sustained improvements in step length and AP MOS were observed. Greater retention of step length improvement correlated with increased FA in the left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), left posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Step latency retention was associated with lower RD in the left posterior corona radiata and left PTR. Immediate improvements in AP MOS correlated with increased FA of the right ILF, right SLF, and right corticospinal tract. Immediate step length improvements were associated with increased FA in right and left ATR and right SLF. These findings highlight the importance of white-matter microstructural integrity in motor learning and retention processes in PD and could aid in identifying individuals with PD who would benefit most from balance rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Monaghan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward Ofori
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brett W Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Daniel S Peterson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Phoenix VA Health Care Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim HE, Eom H, Jo HJ, Kim MK, Kim J, Kim JJ. Neural substrates of marriage on self-parents processing and the association with a parents-oriented perspective shift in a collectivistic culture. Biol Psychol 2024; 187:108768. [PMID: 38432426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Relationship with parents is a special bond that shapes self-other representations and have an impact on adult-child's marriage, especially in the early stages of marriage. This study sought to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying self-parents processing as well as their relationship with marriage. Seventy-eight premarital Korean participants were scanned in functional MRI while evaluating traits of the self and parents. Then, 21 of them returned after being married to engage in the identical task three years later. The precuneus and temporoparietal junction were identified to activate stronger for parents than self at both marital statuses. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, parietal operculum, and caudate activated more for self than parents before marriage, but their activities changed during marriage. The activation increase of the parietal operculum between marital statuses in the parents condition was negatively correlated with the level of marital dissatisfaction, and this association only appeared among participants with a child. Self-parents processing may recruit brain regions involved in autobiographical memory and self-other distinction, and marriage has an impact on the way individuals process rewards and multimodal sensory information during this processing. Marriage may lead to changes in brain function that affect the processing of emotions toward parents and a more parents-oriented perspective shift in collectivistic societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Eom
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Jo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo J, Qin P, Bi Q, Wu K, Gong G. Individual variability in functional connectivity of human auditory cortex. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae007. [PMID: 38282455 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Individual variability in functional connectivity underlies individual differences in cognition and behaviors, yet its association with functional specialization in the auditory cortex remains elusive. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project, this study was designed to investigate the spatial distribution of auditory cortex individual variability in its whole-brain functional network architecture. An inherent hierarchical axis of the variability was discerned, which radiates from the medial to lateral orientation, with the left auditory cortex demonstrating more pronounced variations than the right. This variability exhibited a significant correlation with the variations in structural and functional metrics in the auditory cortex. Four auditory cortex subregions, which were identified from a clustering analysis based on this variability, exhibited unique connectional fingerprints and cognitive maps, with certain subregions showing specificity to speech perception functional activation. Moreover, the lateralization of the connectional fingerprint exhibited a U-shaped trajectory across the subregions. These findings emphasize the role of individual variability in functional connectivity in understanding cortical functional organization, as well as in revealing its association with functional specialization from the activation, connectome, and cognition perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peipei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiuhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun H, Sun Q, Li Y, Zhang J, Xing H, Wang J. Mapping individual structural covariance network in development brain with dynamic time warping. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae039. [PMID: 38342688 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A conspicuous property of brain development or maturity is coupled with coordinated or synchronized brain structural co-variation. However, there is still a lack of effective approach to map individual structural covariance network. Here, we developed a novel individual structural covariance network method using dynamic time warping algorithm and applied it to delineate developmental trajectories of topological organizations of structural covariance network from childhood to early adulthood with a large sample of 655 individuals from Human Connectome Project-Development dataset. We found that the individual structural covariance network exhibited small-worldness property and the network global topological characteristics including small-worldness, global efficiency, local efficiency, and modularity linearly increase with age while the shortest path length linearly decreases with age. The nodal topological properties including betweenness and degree increased with age in language and emotion regulation related brain areas, while it decreased with age mainly in visual cortex, sensorimotor area, and hippocampus. Moreover, the topological attributes of structural covariance network as features could predict the age of each individual. Taken together, our results demonstrate that dynamic time warping can effectively map individual structural covariance network to uncover the developmental trajectories of network topology, which may facilitate future investigations to establish the links of structural co-variations with respect to cognition and disease vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qinyao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyang Xing
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- School of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kenzie JM, Rajashekar D, Goodyear BG, Dukelow SP. Resting state functional connectivity associated with impaired proprioception post-stroke. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26541. [PMID: 38053448 PMCID: PMC10789217 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in proprioception, the knowledge of limb position and movement in the absence of vision, occur in ~50% of all strokes; however, our lack of knowledge of the neurological mechanisms of these deficits diminishes the effectiveness of rehabilitation and prolongs recovery. We performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on stroke patients to determine functional brain networks that exhibited changes in connectivity in association with proprioception deficits determined by a Kinarm robotic exoskeleton assessment. Thirty stroke participants were assessed for proprioceptive impairments using a Kinarm robot and underwent resting-state fMRI at 1 month post-stroke. Age-matched healthy control (n = 30) fMRI data were also examined and compared to stroke data in terms of the functional connectivity of brain regions associated with proprioception. Stroke patients exhibited reduced connectivity of the supplementary motor area and the supramarginal gyrus, relative to controls. Functional connectivity of these regions plus primary somatosensory cortex and parietal opercular area was significantly associated with proprioceptive function. The parietal lobe of the lesioned hemisphere is a significant node for proprioception after stroke. Assessment of functional connectivity of this region after stroke may assist with prognostication of recovery. This study also provides potential targets for therapeutic neurostimulation to aid in stroke recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Kenzie
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Deepthi Rajashekar
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Bradley G. Goodyear
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Sean P. Dukelow
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han Z, Liu T, Shi Z, Zhang J, Suo D, Wang L, Chen D, Wu J, Yan T. Investigating the heterogeneity within the somatosensory-motor network and its relationship with the attention and default systems. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad276. [PMID: 37693210 PMCID: PMC10485902 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The somatosensory-motor network (SMN) not only plays an important role in primary somatosensory and motor processing but is also central to many disorders. However, the SMN heterogeneity related to higher-order systems still remains unclear. Here, we investigated SMN heterogeneity from multiple perspectives. To characterize the SMN substructures in more detail, we used ultra-high-field functional MRI to delineate a finer-grained cortical parcellation containing 430 parcels that is more homogenous than the state-of-the-art parcellation. We personalized the new parcellation to account for individual differences and identified multiscale individual-specific brain structures. We found that the SMN subnetworks showed distinct resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns. The Hand subnetwork was central within the SMN and exhibited stronger RSFC with the attention systems than the other subnetworks, whereas the Tongue subnetwork exhibited stronger RSFC with the default systems. This two-fold differentiation was observed in the temporal ordering patterns within the SMN. Furthermore, we characterized how the distinct attention and default streams were carried forward into the functions of the SMN using dynamic causal modeling and identified two behavioral domains associated with this SMN fractionation using meta-analytic tools. Overall, our findings provided important insights into the heterogeneous SMN organization at the system level and suggested that the Hand subnetwork may be preferentially involved in exogenous processes, whereas the Tongue subnetwork may be more important in endogenous processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Han
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongyan Shi
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Duanduan Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith JA, Tain R, Sharp KG, Glynn LM, Van Dillen LR, Henslee K, Jacobs JV, Cramer SC. Identifying the neural correlates of anticipatory postural control: A novel fMRI paradigm. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:4088-4100. [PMID: 37162423 PMCID: PMC10258523 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered postural control in the trunk/hip musculature is a characteristic of multiple neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. Previously it was not possible to determine if altered cortical and subcortical sensorimotor brain activation underlies impairments in postural control. This study used a novel fMRI-compatible paradigm to identify the brain activation associated with postural control in the trunk and hip musculature. BOLD fMRI imaging was conducted as participants performed two versions of a lower limb task involving lifting the left leg to touch the foot to a target. For the supported leg raise (SLR) the leg is raised from the knee while the thigh remains supported. For the unsupported leg raise (ULR) the leg is raised from the hip, requiring postural muscle activation in the abdominal/hip extensor musculature. Significant brain activation during the SLR task occurred predominantly in the right primary and secondary sensorimotor cortical regions. Brain activation during the ULR task occurred bilaterally in the primary and secondary sensorimotor cortical regions, as well as cerebellum and putamen. In comparison with the SLR, the ULR was associated with significantly greater activation in the right premotor/SMA, left primary motor and cingulate cortices, primary somatosensory cortex, supramarginal gyrus/parietal operculum, superior parietal lobule, cerebellar vermis, and cerebellar hemispheres. Cortical and subcortical regions activated during the ULR, but not during the SLR, were consistent with the planning, and execution of a task involving multisegmental, bilateral postural control. Future studies using this paradigm will determine mechanisms underlying impaired postural control in patients with neurological and musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Armour Smith
- Department of Physical TherapyChapman UniversityOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rongwen Tain
- Campus Center for NeuroimagingUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kelli G. Sharp
- Department of Dance, School of ArtsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura M. Glynn
- Department of PsychologyChapman UniversityOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Linda R. Van Dillen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisWashingtonUSA
| | - Korinne Henslee
- Department of Physical TherapyChapman UniversityOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jesse V. Jacobs
- Rehabilitation and Movement ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Steven C. Cramer
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California Rehabilitation InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mathieu B, Abillama A, Moré S, Mercier C, Simoneau M, Danna J, Mouchnino L, Blouin J. Seeing our hand or a tool during visually-guided actions: Different effects on the somatosensory and visual cortices. Neuropsychologia 2023; 185:108582. [PMID: 37121267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The processing of proprioceptive information in the context of a conflict between visual and somatosensory feedbacks deteriorates motor performance. Previous studies have shown that seeing one's hand increases the weighting assigned to arm somatosensory inputs. In this light, we hypothesized that the sensory conflict, when tracing the contour of a shape with mirror-reversed vision, will be greater for participants who trace with a stylus seen in their hand (Hand group, n = 17) than for participants who trace with the tip of rod without seen their hand (Tool group, n = 15). Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that the tracing performance with mirror vision will be more deteriorated for the Hand group than for the Tool group, and we predicted a greater gating of somatosensory information for the Hand group to reduce the sensory conflict. The participants of both groups followed the outline of a shape in two visual conditions. Direct vision: the participants saw the hand or portion of a light 40 cm rod directly. Mirror Vision: the hand or the rod was seen through a mirror. We measured tracing performance using a digitizing tablet and the cortical activity with electroencephalography. Behavioral analyses revealed that the tracing performance of both groups was similarly impaired by mirror vision. However, contrasting the spectral content of the cortical oscillatory activity between the Mirror and Direct conditions, we observed that tracing with mirror vision resulted in significantly larger alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-25 Hz) powers in the somatosensory cortex for participants of the Hand group. The somatosensory alpha and beta powers did not significantly differ between Mirror and Direct vision conditions for the Tool group. For both groups, tracing with mirror vision altered the activity of the visual cortex: decreased alpha power for the Hand group, decreased alpha and beta power for the Tool group. Overall, these results suggest that seeing the hand enhanced the sensory conflict when tracing with mirror vision and that the increase of alpha and beta powers in the somatosensory cortex served to reduce the weight assigned to somatosensory information. The increased activity of the visual cortex observed for both groups in the mirror vision condition suggests greater visual processing with increased task difficulty. Finally, the fact that the participants of the Tool group did not show better tracing performance than those of the Hand group suggests that tracing deterioration resulted from a sensorimotor conflict (as opposed to a visuo-proprioceptive conflict).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Antonin Abillama
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Simon Moré
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS) Du CIUSSS de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS) Du CIUSSS de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérémy Danna
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang M, Zhang S, Suo T, Mao T, Wang F, Deng Y, Eickhoff S, Pan Y, Jiang C, Rao H. Risk-taking in the human brain: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of the balloon analog risk task (BART). Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5643-5657. [PMID: 36441844 PMCID: PMC9704781 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) is increasingly used to assess risk-taking behavior and brain function. However, the brain networks underlying risk-taking during the BART and its reliability remain controversial. Here, we combined the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis with both task-based and task-free functional connectivity (FC) analysis to quantitatively synthesize brain networks involved in risk-taking during the BART, and compared the differences between adults and adolescents studies. Based on 22 pooled publications, the ALE meta-analysis revealed multiple brain regions in the reward network, salience network, and executive control network underlying risk-taking during the BART. Compared with adult risk-taking, adolescent risk-taking showed greater activation in the insula, putamen, and prefrontal regions. The combination of meta-analytic connectivity modeling with task-free FC analysis further confirmed the involvement of the reward, salience, and cognitive control networks in the BART. These findings demonstrate the core brain networks for risk-taking during the BART and support the utility of the BART for future neuroimaging and developmental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shunmin Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tao Suo
- School of Education, Institute of Cognition, Brain, and Health, Institute of Psychology and BehaviorHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Deng
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Simon Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM‐7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Yu Pan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and ManagementShanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peck CM, Bereiter DA, Eberly LE, Lenglet C, Moana-Filho EJ. Altered brain responses to noxious dentoalveolar stimuli in high-impact temporomandibular disorder pain patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266349. [PMID: 36240243 PMCID: PMC9565712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-impact temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain may involve brain mechanisms related to maladaptive central pain modulation. We investigated brain responses to stimulation of trigeminal sites not typically associated with TMD pain by applying noxious dentoalveolar pressure to high- and low-impact TMD pain cases and pain-free controls during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fifty female participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and Graded Chronic Pain Scale: controls (n = 17), low-impact (n = 17) and high-impact TMD (n = 16). Multimodal whole-brain MRI was acquired following the Human Connectome Project Lifespan protocol, including stimulus-evoked fMRI scans during which painful dentoalveolar pressure was applied to the buccal gingiva of participants. Group analyses were performed using non-parametric permutation tests for parcellated cortical and subcortical neuroimaging data. There were no significant between-group differences for brain activations/deactivations evoked by the noxious dentoalveolar pressure. For individual group mean activations/deactivations, a gradient in the number of parcels surviving thresholding was found according to the TMD pain grade, with the highest number seen in the high-impact group. Among the brain regions activated in chronic TMD pain groups were those previously implicated in sensory-discriminative and motivational-affective pain processing. These results suggest that dentoalveolar pressure pain evokes abnormal brain responses to sensory processing of noxious stimuli in high-impact TMD pain participants, which supports the presence of maladaptive brain plasticity in chronic TMD pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. Peck
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David A. Bereiter
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Estephan J. Moana-Filho
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng ZS, Monti MM. Cortical and thalamic connections of the human globus pallidus: Implications for disorders of consciousness. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:960439. [PMID: 36093291 PMCID: PMC9453545 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.960439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominant framework for understanding loss and recovery of consciousness in the context of severe brain injury, the mesocircuit hypothesis, focuses on the role of cortico-subcortical recurrent interactions, with a strong emphasis on excitatory thalamofugal projections. According to this view, excess inhibition from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) on central thalamic nuclei is key to understanding prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) and their characteristic, brain-wide metabolic depression. Recent work in healthy volunteers and patients, however, suggests a previously unappreciated role for the external globus pallidus (GPe) in maintaining a state of consciousness. This view is consistent with empirical findings demonstrating the existence of “direct” (i.e., not mediated by GPi/substantia nigra pars reticulata) GPe connections with cortex and thalamus in animal models, as well as their involvement in modulating arousal and sleep, and with theoretical work underscoring the role of GABA dysfunction in prolonged DOC. Leveraging 50 healthy subjects' high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) dataset from the Human Connectome Project, which provides a more accurate representation of intravoxel water diffusion than conventional diffusion tensor imaging approaches, we ran probabilistic tractography using extensive a priori exclusion criteria to limit the influence of indirect connections in order to better characterize “direct” pallidal connections. We report the first in vivo evidence of highly probable “direct” GPe connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC) and central thalamic nuclei. Conversely, we find direct connections between the GPi and PFC to be sparse (i.e., less likely indicative of true “direct” connectivity) and restricted to the posterior border of PFC, thus reflecting an extension from the cortical motor zones (i.e., motor association areas). Consistent with GPi's preferential connections with sensorimotor cortices, the GPi appears to predominantly connect with the sensorimotor subregions of the thalamus. These findings are validated against existing animal tracer studies. These findings suggest that contemporary mechanistic models of loss and recovery of consciousness following brain injury must be updated to include the GPe and reflect the actual patterns of GPe and GPi connectivity within large-scale cortico-thalamo-cortical circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong S. Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhong S. Zheng
| | - Martin M. Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Bi HY. Comparative research on neural dysfunction in children with dyslexia under different writing systems: A meta-analysis study. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104650. [PMID: 35367220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a special learning disorder which is prevalent in all languages. A central question in dyslexia is whether the neural mechanism of their defects is universal or distinct in different writing systems. Using meta-analytic approach, we created meta-images using activation abnormalities in Chinese and alphabetic children with dyslexia to find convergence and divergence under different writing systems. The results revealed that dyslexic children have a universal attention-related dysfunction with hypoactivation in the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) under different writing systems, in spite of differences of degree and spatial extent in those regions. Alphabetic dyslexic children additionally showed hypoactivation in the left occipito-temporo-parietal regions. Chinese dyslexic children showed specific hyperactivation in the right postcentral gyrus, the left rectus, and the right middle temporal gyrus. The present meta-analysis for the first time showed both shared and distinct abnormalities in children with dyslexia under Chinese and alphabetic writing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiZhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Calabrese JR, Goetschius LG, Murray L, Kaplan MR, Lopez-Duran N, Mitchell C, Hyde LW, Monk CS. Mapping frontostriatal white matter tracts and their association with reward-related ventral striatum activation in adolescence. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147803. [PMID: 35090884 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ventral striatum (VS) is implicated in reward processing and motivation. Human and non-human primate studies demonstrate that the VS and prefrontal cortex (PFC), which comprise the frontostriatal circuit, interact to influence motivated behavior. However, there is a lack of research that precisely maps and quantifies VS-PFC white matter tracts. Moreover, no studies have linked frontostriatal white matter to VS activation. Using a multimodal neuroimaging approach with diffusion MRI (dMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI), the present study had two objectives: 1) to chart white matter tracts between the VS and specific PFC structures and 2) assess the association between the degree of VS-PFC white matter tract connectivity and VS activation in 187 adolescents. White matter connectivity was assessed with probabilistic tractography and functional activation was examined with two fMRI tasks (one task with social reward and another task using monetary reward). We found widespread but variable white matter connectivity between the VS and areas of the PFC, with the anterior insula and subgenual cingulate cortex demonstrating the greatest degree of connectivity with the VS. VS-PFC structural connectivity was related to functional activation in the VS though activation depended on the specific PFC region and reward task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Megan R Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Population Studies Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tinnitus Perception in Light of Parietal Operculo–Insular Involvement: A Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030334. [PMID: 35326290 PMCID: PMC8946618 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In tinnitus literature, researchers have increasingly been advocating for a clearer distinction between tinnitus perception and tinnitus-related distress. In non-bothersome tinnitus, the perception itself can be more specifically investigated: this has provided a body of evidence, based on resting-state and activation fMRI protocols, highlighting the involvement of regions outside the conventional auditory areas, such as the right parietal operculum. Here, we aim to conduct a review of available investigations of the human parietal operculo–insular subregions conducted at the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales arguing in favor of an auditory–somatosensory cross-talk. Both the previous literature and new results on functional connectivity derived from cortico–cortical evoked potentials show that these subregions present a dense tissue of interconnections and a strong connectivity with auditory and somatosensory areas in the healthy brain. Disrupted integration processes between these modalities may thus result in erroneous perceptions, such as tinnitus. More precisely, we highlight the role of a subregion of the right parietal operculum, known as OP3 according to the Jülich atlas, in the integration of auditory and somatosensory representation of the orofacial muscles in the healthy population. We further discuss how a dysfunction of these muscles could induce hyperactivity in the OP3. The evidence of direct electrical stimulation of this area eliciting auditory hallucinations further suggests its involvement in tinnitus perception. Finally, a small number of neuroimaging studies of therapeutic interventions for tinnitus provide additional evidence of right parietal operculum involvement.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pondelis NJ, Moulton EA. Supraspinal Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Pain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:768649. [PMID: 35211480 PMCID: PMC8862711 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.768649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Supraspinal mechanisms of pain are increasingly understood to underlie neuropathic ocular conditions previously thought to be exclusively peripheral in nature. Isolating individual causes of centralized chronic conditions and differentiating them is critical to understanding the mechanisms underlying neuropathic eye pain and ultimately its treatment. Though few functional imaging studies have focused on the eye as an end-organ for the transduction of noxious stimuli, the brain networks related to pain processing have been extensively studied with functional neuroimaging over the past 20 years. This article will review the supraspinal mechanisms that underlie pain as they relate to the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Pondelis
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric A Moulton
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Oh H, Barlow SM. Dynamic causal modeling of sensorimotor networks elicited by saltatory pneumotactile velocity in the glabrous hand. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:752-764. [PMID: 35044016 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effective connectivity of neuronal networks during passive saltatory pneumotactile velocity stimulation to the glabrous hand with different velocities is still unknown. The present study investigated the effectivity connectivity elicited by saltatory pneumotactile velocity arrays placed on the glabrous hand at three velocities (5, 25, and 65 cm/second). METHODS Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used on functional MRI data sampled from 20 neurotypical adults. Five brain regions, including the left primary somatosensory (SI) and motor (M1) cortices, bilateral secondary somatosensory (SII) cortices, and right cerebellar lobule VI, were used to build model space. RESULTS Three velocities (5, 25, and 65 cm/second) of saltatory pneumotactile stimuli were processed in both serial and parallel modes within the sensorimotor networks. The medium velocity of 25 cm/second modulated forward interhemispheric connection from the contralateral SII to the ipsilateral SII. Pneumotactile stimulation at the medium velocity of 25 cm/second also influenced contralateral M1 through contralateral SI. Finally, the right cerebellar lobule VI was involved in the sensorimotor networks. CONCLUSIONS Our DCM results suggest the coexistence of both serial and parallel processing for saltatory pneumotactile velocity stimulation. Significant contralateral M1 modulation promotes the prospect that the passive saltatory pneumotactile velocity arrays can be used to design sensorimotor rehabilitation protocols to activate M1. The effective connectivity from the right cerebellar lobule VI to other cortical regions demonstrates the cerebellum's role in the sensorimotor networks through feedforward and feedback neuronal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy and Learning Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Steven M Barlow
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sense of agency for intracortical brain-machine interfaces. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:565-578. [PMID: 35046522 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracortical brain-machine interfaces decode motor commands from neural signals and translate them into actions, enabling movement for paralysed individuals. The subjective sense of agency associated with actions generated via intracortical brain-machine interfaces, the neural mechanisms involved and its clinical relevance are currently unknown. By experimentally manipulating the coherence between decoded motor commands and sensory feedback in a tetraplegic individual using a brain-machine interface, we provide evidence that primary motor cortex processes sensory feedback, sensorimotor conflicts and subjective states of actions generated via the brain-machine interface. Neural signals processing the sense of agency affected the proficiency of the brain-machine interface, underlining the clinical potential of the present approach. These findings show that primary motor cortex encodes information related to action and sensing, but also sensorimotor and subjective agency signals, which in turn are relevant for clinical applications of brain-machine interfaces.
Collapse
|
22
|
Matt E, Kaindl L, Tenk S, Egger A, Kolarova T, Karahasanović N, Amini A, Arslan A, Sariçiçek K, Weber A, Beisteiner R. First evidence of long-term effects of transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) on the human brain. J Transl Med 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 35033118 PMCID: PMC8760674 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the high spatial resolution and the potential to reach deep brain structures, ultrasound-based brain stimulation techniques offer new opportunities to non-invasively treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about long-term effects of ultrasound-based brain stimulation. Applying a longitudinal design, we comprehensively investigated neuromodulation induced by ultrasound brain stimulation to provide first sham-controlled evidence of long-term effects on the human brain and behavior. Methods Twelve healthy participants received three sham and three verum sessions with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) focused on the cortical somatosensory representation of the right hand. One week before and after the sham and verum TPS applications, comprehensive structural and functional resting state MRI investigations and behavioral tests targeting tactile spatial discrimination and sensorimotor dexterity were performed. Results Compared to sham, global efficiency significantly increased within the cortical sensorimotor network after verum TPS, indicating an upregulation of the stimulated functional brain network. Axial diffusivity in left sensorimotor areas decreased after verum TPS, demonstrating an improved axonal status in the stimulated area. Conclusions TPS increased the functional and structural coupling within the stimulated left primary somatosensory cortex and adjacent sensorimotor areas up to one week after the last stimulation. These findings suggest that TPS induces neuroplastic changes that go beyond the spatial and temporal stimulation settings encouraging further clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Matt
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kaindl
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saskia Tenk
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anicca Egger
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teodora Kolarova
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nejla Karahasanović
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmad Amini
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Arslan
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kardelen Sariçiçek
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Weber
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Beisteiner
- Imaging-Based Functional Brain Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Neurology, High Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cholinergic relevant functional reactivity is associated with dopamine responsiveness of tremor in Parkinson's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1234-1245. [PMID: 34973120 PMCID: PMC9107430 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tremor in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has distinct responsiveness to dopamine, which is supposed not be exclusively related to dopamine deficiency but has a close relationship with cholinergic system. This phenomenon indicates that cholinergic system may be an important regulatory for distinct dopamine responsiveness of parkinsonian tremor. Through investigating the alterations of cholinergic and dopaminergic network during levodopa administration, we aimed at exploring the mechanisms of differed dopamine responsiveness of parkinsonian tremor. Fifty-two PD patients with tremor were enrolled. MRI scanning, UPDRS III and its sub-symptom scores were collected in OFF and ON status (dopaminergic challenge test). Then, patients were divided into two groups (dopamine-resistant tremor and dopamine-responsive tremor) according to the tremor change rate median score. Dopaminergic and cholinergic network were obtained. LASSO regression was conducted to identify functional connectivity with distinct reactivity during levodopa administration between groups. Afterwards, detailed group comparisons, interaction and correlation analyses were performed. The reactivity of cholinergic connectivity showed the highest possibility to distinguish two groups, especially connectivity of right basal forebrain 123 to right parietal operculum cortex (R.BF123-R.PO). After levodopa administration, connectivity of R.BF123-R.PO was decreased for dopamine-responsive tremor while which remained unchanged for dopamine-resistant tremor. The reactivity of R.BF123-R.PO was negatively correlated with tremor change rate. Reduced cholinergic connectivity to parietal operculum may be an underlying mechanism for the responsive tremor in PD and the distinct cholinergic reactivity of parietal operculum to levodopa may be a core pathophysiology for the differed DA responsiveness of tremor in PD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Del Vecchio M, Fossataro C, Zauli FM, Sartori I, Pigorini A, d'Orio P, Abarrategui B, Russo S, Mikulan EP, Caruana F, Rizzolatti G, Garbarini F, Avanzini P. Tonic somatosensory responses and deficits of tactile awareness converge in the parietal operculum. Brain 2021; 144:3779-3787. [PMID: 34633436 PMCID: PMC8719842 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although clinical neuroscience and the neuroscience of consciousness have long sought mechanistic explanations of tactile-awareness disorders, mechanistic insights are rare, mainly because of the difficulty of depicting the fine-grained neural dynamics underlying somatosensory processes. Here, we combined the stereo-EEG responses to somatosensory stimulation with the lesion mapping of patients with a tactile-awareness disorder, namely tactile extinction. Whereas stereo-EEG responses present different temporal patterns, including early/phasic and long-lasting/tonic activities, tactile-extinction lesion mapping co-localizes only with the latter. Overlaps are limited to the posterior part of the perisylvian regions, suggesting that tonic activities may play a role in sustaining tactile awareness. To assess this hypothesis further, we correlated the prevalence of tonic responses with the tactile-extinction lesion mapping, showing that they follow the same topographical gradient. Finally, in parallel with the notion that visuotactile stimulation improves detection in tactile-extinction patients, we demonstrated an enhancement of tonic responses to visuotactile stimuli, with a strong voxel-wise correlation with the lesion mapping. The combination of these results establishes tonic responses in the parietal operculum as the ideal neural correlate of tactile awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Vecchio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Flavia Maria Zauli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivana Sartori
- Centro per la Chirurgia dell'Epilessia 'Claudio Munari,' Ospedale Ca' Granda-Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pigorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio d'Orio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy.,Centro per la Chirurgia dell'Epilessia 'Claudio Munari,' Ospedale Ca' Granda-Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Belen Abarrategui
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Pablo Mikulan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Fausto Caruana
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rizzolatti
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hardi FA, Goetschius LG, Peckins MK, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan SS, McLoyd V, Lopez-Duran NL, Mitchell C, Hyde LW, Monk CS. Differential Developmental Associations of Material Hardship Exposure and Adolescent Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex White Matter Connectivity. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 34:1866-1891. [PMID: 34942644 PMCID: PMC9651170 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating literature has linked poverty to brain structure and function, particularly in affective neural regions; however, few studies have examined associations with structural connections or the importance of developmental timing of exposure. Moreover, prior neuroimaging studies have not used a proximal measure of poverty (i.e., material hardship, which assesses food, housing, and medical insecurity) to capture the lived experience of growing up in harsh economic conditions. The present investigation addressed these gaps collectively by examining the associations between material hardship (ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years) and white matter connectivity of frontolimbic structures (age of 15 years) in a low-income sample. We applied probabilistic tractography to diffusion imaging data collected from 194 adolescents. Results showed that material hardship related to amygdala-prefrontal, but not hippocampus-prefrontal or hippocampus-amygdala, white matter connectivity. Specifically, hardship during middle childhood (ages 5 and 9 years) was associated with greater connectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial pFC, whereas hardship during adolescence (age of 15 years) was related to reduced amygdala-orbitofrontal (OFC) and greater amygdala-subgenual ACC connectivity. Growth curve analyses showed that greater increases of hardship across time were associated with both greater (amygdala-subgenual ACC) and reduced (amygdala-OFC) white matter connectivity. Furthermore, these effects remained above and beyond other types of adversity, and greater hardship and decreased amygdala-OFC connectivity were related to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrate that the associations between material hardship and white matter connections differ across key prefrontal regions and developmental periods, providing support for potential windows of plasticity for structural circuits that support emotion processing.
Collapse
|
26
|
Pellicano A, Mingoia G, Ritter C, Buccino G, Binkofski F. Respiratory function modulated during execution, observation, and imagination of walking via SII. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23752. [PMID: 34887478 PMCID: PMC8660877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mirror Neurons System (MNS) consists of brain areas active during actions execution, as well as observation-imagination of the same actions. MNS represents a potential mechanism by which we understand other's action goals. We investigated MNS activation for legs actions, and its interaction with the autonomic nervous system. We performed a physiological and fMRI investigation on the common neural structures recruited during the execution, observation, and imagination of walking, and their effects on respiratory activity. Bilateral SMA were activated by all three tasks, suggesting that these areas are responsible for the core of the MNS effect for walking. Moreover, we observed in bilateral parietal opercula (OP1, secondary somatosensory cortex-SII) evidence of an MNS subtending walking execution-observation-imagination that also modulated the respiratory function. We suggest that SII, in modulating the vegetative response during motor activity but also during observation-imagination, consists of a re-enacting function which facilitates the understanding of motor actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Pellicano
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Christoph Ritter
- Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
- Jülich-Aachen-Research-Alliance (JARA), Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gonzalez-Gomez R, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Schulte M, Torralva T, Ibáñez A, Huepe D, Fittipaldi S. Neurocognitive factorial structure of executive functions: Evidence from neurotypicals and frontotemporal dementia. Cortex 2021; 145:79-96. [PMID: 34689034 PMCID: PMC11168581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The latent structure of executive functions (EFs) remains controversial. Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) has provided support for both multidimensional (assumes EFs to be functionally separable but related components) and bifactor (proposes all components are nested within a common factor) models. However, these CFA models have never been compared in patient samples, nor regarding their neuroanatomical correlates. Here, we systematically contrast both approaches in neurotypicals and in a neurodegenerative lesion model (patients with the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, bvFTD), characterized by executive deficits associated with frontal neurodegeneration. First, CFA was used to test the models' fit in a sample of 341 neurotypicals and 29 bvFTD patients based on performance in an executive frontal screening battery which assesses working memory, motor inhibition, verbal inhibition, and abstraction capacity. Second, we compared EFs factor and observed scores between patients and matched controls. Finally, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare the grey matter correlates of factor and observed scores. CFA results showed that both models fit the data well. The multidimensional model, however, was more sensitive than the bifactor model and the observed scores to detect EFs impairments in bvFTD patients. VBM results for the multidimensional model revealed common and unique grey matter correlates for EFs components across prefrontal-insular, posterior, and temporal cortices. Regarding the bifactor model, only the common factor was associated with prefrontal-insular hubs. Observed scores presented scant, non-frontal grey matter associations. Converging behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence from healthy populations and a neurodegenerative model of EFs supports an underlying multidimensional structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gonzalez-Gomez
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Odir Antonio Rodríguez-Villagra
- Institute for Psychological Research, University of Costa Rica, Sabanilla, Costa Rica; Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Schulte
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), US and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Plank IS, Hindi Attar C, Kunas SL, Dziobek I, Bermpohl F. Increased activation in the bilateral anterior insulae in response to others in pain in mothers compared to non-mothers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22757. [PMID: 34815443 PMCID: PMC8610985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Empathy allows us to share emotions and encourages us to help others. It is especially important in the context of parenting where children's wellbeing is dependent on their parents' understanding and fulfilment of their needs. To date, little is known about differences in empathy responses of parents and non-parents. Using stimuli depicting adults and children in pain, this study focuses on the interaction of motherhood and neural responses in areas associated with empathy. Mothers showed higher activation to both adults and children in pain in the bilateral anterior insulae, key regions of empathy for pain. Additionally, mothers more strongly activated the inferior frontal, superior temporal and the medial superior frontal gyrus. Differences between adult and child stimuli were only found in occipital areas in both mothers and non-mothers. Our results suggest a stronger neural response to others in pain in mothers than non-mothers regardless of whether the person is a child or an adult. This could indicate a possible influence of motherhood on overall neural responses to others in pain rather than motherhood specifically shaping child-related responses. Alternatively, stronger responses to others in pain could increase the likelihood for women to be in a relationship and subsequently to have a child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sophia Plank
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie L Kunas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huber J, Ruehl M, Flanagin V, Zu Eulenburg P. Delineating neural responses and functional connectivity changes during vestibular and nociceptive stimulation reveal the uniqueness of cortical vestibular processing. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:779-791. [PMID: 34611776 PMCID: PMC8930960 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular information is ubiquitous and often processed jointly with visual, somatosensory and proprioceptive information. Among the cortical brain regions associated with human vestibular processing, area OP2 in the parietal operculum has been proposed as vestibular core region. However, delineating responses uniquely to vestibular stimulation in this region using neuroimaging is challenging for several reasons: First, the parietal operculum is a cytoarchitectonically heterogeneous region responding to multisensory stimulation. Second, artificial vestibular stimulation evokes confounding somatosensory and nociceptive responses blurring responses contributing to vestibular perception. Furthermore, immediate effects of vestibular stimulation on the organization of functional networks have not been investigated in detail yet. Using high resolution neuroimaging in a task-based and functional connectivity approach, we compared two equally salient stimuli—unilateral galvanic vestibular (GVS) and galvanic nociceptive stimulation (GNS)—to disentangle the processing of both modalities in the parietal operculum and characterize their effects on functional network architecture. GNS and GVS gave joint responses in area OP1, 3, 4, and the anterior and middle insula, but not in area OP2. GVS gave stronger responses in the parietal operculum just adjacent to OP3 and OP4, whereas GNS evoked stronger responses in area OP1, 3 and 4. Our results underline the importance of considering this common pathway when interpreting vestibular neuroimaging experiments and underpin the role of area OP2 in central vestibular processing. Global network changes were found during GNS, but not during GVS. This lack of network reconfiguration despite the saliency of GVS may reflect the continuous processing of vestibular information in the awake human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judita Huber
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Department of Biology II and Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxine Ruehl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Virginia Flanagin
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Department of Biology II and Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zu Eulenburg
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Department of Biology II and Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakul E, Bartolomei F, Lopez C. Vestibular-Evoked Cerebral Potentials. Front Neurol 2021; 12:674100. [PMID: 34621231 PMCID: PMC8490637 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.674100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human vestibular cortex has mostly been approached using functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography combined with artificial stimulation of the vestibular receptors or nerve. Few studies have used electroencephalography and benefited from its high temporal resolution to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of vestibular information processing from the first milliseconds following vestibular stimulation. Evoked potentials (EPs) are largely used to describe neural processing of other sensory signals, but they remain poorly developed and standardized in vestibular neuroscience and neuro-otology. Yet, vestibular EPs of brainstem, cerebellar, and cortical origin have been reported as early as the 1960s. This review article summarizes and compares results from studies that have used a large range of vestibular stimulation, including natural vestibular stimulation on rotating chairs and motion platforms, as well as artificial vestibular stimulation (e.g., sounds, impulsive acceleration stimulation, galvanic stimulation). These studies identified vestibular EPs with short latency (<20 ms), middle latency (from 20 to 50 ms), and late latency (>50 ms). Analysis of the generators (source analysis) of these responses offers new insights into the neuroimaging of the vestibular system. Generators were consistently found in the parieto-insular and temporo-parietal junction-the core of the vestibular cortex-as well as in the prefrontal and frontal areas, superior parietal, and temporal areas. We discuss the relevance of vestibular EPs for basic research and clinical neuroscience and highlight their limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Nakul
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), FR3C, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), FR3C, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Song L, Yang H, Yang M, Liu D, Ge Y, Long J, Dong P. Professional chess expertise modulates whole brain functional connectivity pattern homogeneity and couplings. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:587-595. [PMID: 34453664 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed changed functional connectivity patterns between brain areas in chess players using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, how to exactly characterize the voxel-wise whole brain functional connectivity pattern changes in chess players remains unclear. It could provide more convincing evidence for establishing the relationship between long-term chess practice and brain function changes. In this study, we employed newly developed whole brain functional connectivity pattern homogeneity (FcHo) method to identify the voxel-wise changes of functional connectivity patterns in 28 chess master players and 27 healthy novices. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was used to identify the alteration of corresponding functional couplings. FcHo analysis revealed significantly increased whole brain functional connectivity pattern similarity in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG), primary visual cortex (V1), and decreased FcHo in thalamus and precentral gyrus in chess players. Resting-state functional connectivity analyses identified chess players showing decreased functional connections between V1 and precentral gyrus. Besides, a linear support vector machine (SVM) based classification achieved an accuracy of 85.45%, a sensitivity of 85.71% and a specificity of 85.19% to differentiate chess players from novices by leave-one-out cross-validation. Finally, correlation analyses revealed that the mean FcHo values of thalamus were significantly negatively correlated with the training time. Our findings provide new evidences for the important roles of ACC, aMTG, V1, thalamus and precentral gyrus in chess players. The findings also indicate that long-term professional chess training may enhance the semantic and episodic processing, efficiency of visual-motor transformation, and cognitive ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Song
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Huadong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Mingdong Yang
- Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Dianmei Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Yanming Ge
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Jinfeng Long
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Dong
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meier SK, Ray KL, Mastan JC, Salvage SR, Robin DA. Meta-analytic connectivity modelling of deception-related brain regions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248909. [PMID: 34432808 PMCID: PMC8386837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-based deception research began only two decades ago and has since included a wide variety of contexts and response modalities for deception paradigms. Investigations of this sort serve to better our neuroscientific and legal knowledge of the ways in which individuals deceive others. To this end, we conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and meta-analytic connectivity modelling (MACM) using BrainMap software to examine 45 task-based fMRI brain activation studies on deception. An activation likelihood estimation comparing activations during deceptive versus honest behavior revealed 7 significant peak activation clusters (bilateral insula, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and bilateral medial frontal gyrus). Meta-analytic connectivity modelling revealed an interconnected network amongst the 7 regions comprising both unidirectional and bidirectional connections. Together with subsequent behavioral and paradigm decoding, these findings implicate the supramarginal gyrus as a key component for the sociocognitive process of deception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Meier
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Research Laboratories, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKM); (DAR)
| | - Kimberly L. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juliana C. Mastan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Research Laboratories, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Savannah R. Salvage
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Research Laboratories, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Robin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Research Laboratories, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKM); (DAR)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Salch A, Regalski A, Abdallah H, Suryadevara R, Catanzaro MJ, Diwadkar VA. From mathematics to medicine: A practical primer on topological data analysis (TDA) and the development of related analytic tools for the functional discovery of latent structure in fMRI data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255859. [PMID: 34383838 PMCID: PMC8360597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
fMRI is the preeminent method for collecting signals from the human brain in vivo, for using these signals in the service of functional discovery, and relating these discoveries to anatomical structure. Numerous computational and mathematical techniques have been deployed to extract information from the fMRI signal. Yet, the application of Topological Data Analyses (TDA) remain limited to certain sub-areas such as connectomics (that is, with summarized versions of fMRI data). While connectomics is a natural and important area of application of TDA, applications of TDA in the service of extracting structure from the (non-summarized) fMRI data itself are heretofore nonexistent. “Structure” within fMRI data is determined by dynamic fluctuations in spatially distributed signals over time, and TDA is well positioned to help researchers better characterize mass dynamics of the signal by rigorously capturing shape within it. To accurately motivate this idea, we a) survey an established method in TDA (“persistent homology”) to reveal and describe how complex structures can be extracted from data sets generally, and b) describe how persistent homology can be applied specifically to fMRI data. We provide explanations for some of the mathematical underpinnings of TDA (with expository figures), building ideas in the following sequence: a) fMRI researchers can and should use TDA to extract structure from their data; b) this extraction serves an important role in the endeavor of functional discovery, and c) TDA approaches can complement other established approaches toward fMRI analyses (for which we provide examples). We also provide detailed applications of TDA to fMRI data collected using established paradigms, and offer our software pipeline for readers interested in emulating our methods. This working overview is both an inter-disciplinary synthesis of ideas (to draw researchers in TDA and fMRI toward each other) and a detailed description of methods that can motivate collaborative research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Salch
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (AR); (HA)
| | - Adam Regalski
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (AR); (HA)
| | - Hassan Abdallah
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (AR); (HA)
| | - Raviteja Suryadevara
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Catanzaro
- Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fedorenko E. The early origins and the growing popularity of the individual-subject analytic approach in human neuroscience. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
Relating Response Inhibition, Brain Connectivity, and Freezing of Gait in People with Parkinson's Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:733-743. [PMID: 33292899 PMCID: PMC8187475 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772000123x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with response inhibition. However, the relationship between response inhibition, neural dysfunction, and PD remains unclear. We assessed response inhibition and microstructural integrity of brain regions involved in response inhibition [right hemisphere inferior frontal cortex (IFC), bilateral pre-supplementary motor areas (preSMA), and subthalamic nuclei (STN)] in PD subjects with and without FoG and elderly controls. METHOD Twenty-one people with PD and FoG (PD-FoG), 18 without FoG (PD-noFoG), and 19 age-matched controls (HC) completed a Stop-Signal Task (SST) and MRI scan. Probabilistic fiber tractography assessed structural integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) among IFC, preSMA, and STN regions. RESULTS Stop-signal performance did not differ between PD and HC, nor between PD-FoG and PD-noFoG. Differences in white matter integrity were observed across groups (.001 < p < .064), but were restricted to PD versus HC groups; no differences in FA were observed between PD-FoG and PD-noFoG (p > .096). Interestingly, worse FoG was associated with higher (better) mean FA in the r-preSMA, (β = .547, p = .015). Microstructural integrity of the r-IFC, r-preSMA, and r-STN tracts correlated with stop-signal performance in HC (p ≤ .019), but not people with PD. CONCLUSION These results do not support inefficient response inhibition in PD-FoG. Those with PD exhibited white matter loss in the response inhibition network, but this was not associated with FoG, nor with response inhibition deficits, suggesting FoG-specific neural changes may occur outside the response inhibition network. As shown previously, white matter loss was associated with response inhibition in elderly controls, suggesting PD may disturb this relationship.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hou Q, Wang C, Hou C, Tan J, He S, Tang L, Yong N, Ding X, Jiang G, Liu J, Wang X. Individual differences in pain sensitivity in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: an fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1335-1343. [PMID: 32712795 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often report pain; however, the pain-related brain mechanism that contributes to MDD with pain remains largely unclear. In the current study, we aimed to observe the cortical responses by employing fMRI technique combined with thermal stimulation paradigm in 17 major depressive disorder patients with pain (MDDP), 19 major depressive disorder patients without pain (MDDNP), and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. Participants completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) and provided pain intensity ratings in response to noxious heat (51 °C) during task-fMRI scanning by visual analogue scale (VAS). In our results, there was no difference in pain intensity ratings during tonic heat stimulation between the HC group and MDDNP group (p > 0.05), while the MDDNP group had significantly higher HAMD scores compared with the HC group (p < 0.001). The MDDNP group had decreased brain activation in the postcentral gyrus (PCG) compared with the HC group, implying abnormal activation of the PCG may associate with the characterized depressive mood of painless MDD (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in HAMD scores between the MDDP group and MDDNP group (p > 0.05), while the MDDP group had significantly greater pain during tonic heat stimulation compared with the MDDNP group (p < 0.01). The MDDP group showed enhanced activation in the PCG compared with the MDDNP group (p < 0.05), which may relate to the abnormal regulation of pain in painful MDD. Our results suggested that higher PCG activation may play an important role in facilitating the occurrence of pain in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Hou
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyue Hou
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Tan
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyue He
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yong
- Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Ding
- Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nrf2 Activation Attenuates Acrylamide-Induced Neuropathy in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115995. [PMID: 34206048 PMCID: PMC8199319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a well characterized neurotoxicant known to cause neuropathy and encephalopathy in humans and experimental animals. To investigate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in acrylamide-induced neuropathy, male C57Bl/6JJcl adult mice were exposed to acrylamide at 0, 200 or 300 ppm in drinking water and co-administered with subcutaneous injections of sulforaphane, a known activator of the Nrf2 signaling pathway at 0 or 25 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Assessments for neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA-expression analysis for Nrf2-antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were conducted. Relative to mice exposed only to acrylamide, co-administration of sulforaphane protected against acrylamide-induced neurotoxic effects such as increase in landing foot spread or decrease in density of noradrenergic axons as well as hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. Moreover, co-administration of sulforaphane enhanced acrylamide-induced mRNA upregulation of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant proteins and suppressed acrylamide-induced mRNA upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cerebral cortex. The results demonstrate that activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway by co-treatment of sulforaphane provides protection against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 remains an important target for the strategic prevention of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hodkinson DJ, Bungert A, Bowtell R, Jackson SR, Jung J. Operculo-insular and anterior cingulate plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex: a dynamic casual modeling study. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1180-1190. [PMID: 33625934 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00670.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce neuroplasticity with noninvasive brain stimulation techniques offers a unique opportunity to examine the human brain systems involved in pain modulation. In experimental and clinical settings, the primary motor cortex (M1) is commonly targeted to alleviate pain, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and Bayesian model selection (BMS), we tested seven competing hypotheses about how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulates the directed influences (or effective connectivity) between M1 and three distinct cortical areas of the medial and lateral pain systems, including the insular cortex (INS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and parietal operculum cortex (PO). The data set included a novel fMRI acquisition collected synchronously with M1 stimulation during rest and while performing a simple hand motor task. DCM and BMS showed a clear preference for the fully connected model in which all cortical areas receive input directly from M1, with facilitation of the connections INS→M1, PO→M1, and ACC→M1, plus increased inhibition of their reciprocal connections. An additional DCM analysis comparing the reduced models only corresponding to networks with a sparser connectivity within the full model showed that M1 input into the INS is the second-best model of plasticity following TMS manipulations. The results reported here provide a starting point for investigating whether pathway-specific targeting involving M1↔INS improves analgesic response beyond conventional targeting. We eagerly await future empirical data and models that tests this hypothesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) is a promising treatment for chronic pain, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Competing dynamic causal models of effective connectivity between M1 and medial and lateral pain systems suggest direct input into the insular, anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal operculum. This supports the hypothesis that analgesia produced from M1 stimulation most likely acts through the activation of top-down processes associated with intracortical modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J Hodkinson
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Versus Arthritis Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bungert
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Jackson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - JeYoung Jung
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Direct Structural Connections between Auditory and Visual Motion-Selective Regions in Humans. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2393-2405. [PMID: 33514674 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1552-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the occipital middle-temporal region (hMT+/V5) specializes in the processing of visual motion, while the planum temporale (hPT) specializes in auditory motion processing. It has been hypothesized that these regions might communicate directly to achieve fast and optimal exchange of multisensory motion information. Here we investigated, for the first time in humans (male and female), the presence of direct white matter connections between visual and auditory motion-selective regions using a combined fMRI and diffusion MRI approach. We found evidence supporting the potential existence of direct white matter connections between individually and functionally defined hMT+/V5 and hPT. We show that projections between hMT+/V5 and hPT do not overlap with large white matter bundles, such as the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus. Moreover, we did not find evidence suggesting the presence of projections between the fusiform face area and hPT, supporting the functional specificity of hMT+/V5-hPT connections. Finally, the potential presence of hMT+/V5-hPT connections was corroborated in a large sample of participants (n = 114) from the human connectome project. Together, this study provides a first indication for potential direct occipitotemporal projections between hMT+/V5 and hPT, which may support the exchange of motion information between functionally specialized auditory and visual regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Perceiving and integrating moving signal across the senses is arguably one of the most important perceptual skills for the survival of living organisms. In order to create a unified representation of movement, the brain must therefore integrate motion information from separate senses. Our study provides support for the potential existence of direct connections between motion-selective regions in the occipital/visual (hMT+/V5) and temporal/auditory (hPT) cortices in humans. This connection could represent the structural scaffolding for the rapid and optimal exchange and integration of multisensory motion information. These findings suggest the existence of computationally specific pathways that allow information flow between areas that share a similar computational goal.
Collapse
|
40
|
Nishida D, Mizuno K, Yamada E, Hanakawa T, Liu M, Tsuji T. The neural correlates of gait improvement by rhythmic sound stimulation in adults with Parkinson's disease - A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:91-97. [PMID: 33607527 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience gait disturbances that can sometimes be improved with rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS); however, the underlying physiological mechanism for this improvement is not well understood. We investigated brain activation patterns in adults with PD and healthy controls (HC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants imagined gait with or without RAS. METHODS Twenty-seven adults with PD who could walk independently and walked more smoothly with rhythmic auditory cueing than without it, and 25 age-matched HC participated in this study. Participants imagined gait in the presence of RAS or white noise (WN) during fMRI. RESULTS In the PD group, gait imagery with RAS activated cortical motor areas, including supplementary motor areas and the cerebellum, while gait imagery with WN additionally recruited the left parietal operculum. In HC, the induced activation was limited to cortical motor areas and the cerebellum for both the RAS and WN conditions. Within- and between-group analyses demonstrated that RAS reduced the activity of the left parietal operculum in the PD group but not in the HC group (condition-by-group interaction by repeated measures analysis of variance, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION During gait imagery in adults with PD, the left parietal operculum was less activated by RAS than by WN, while no change was observed in HC, suggesting that rhythmic auditory stimulation may support the sensory-motor networks involved in gait, thus alleviating the overload of the parietal operculum and compensating for its dysfunction in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishida
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Saiseikai Kanagawa-ken Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mizuno
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Saiseikai Kanagawa-ken Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Emi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Physiology, School of Medicine Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Meigen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Different activation signatures in the primary sensorimotor and higher-level regions for haptic three-dimensional curved surface exploration. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117754. [PMID: 33454415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Haptic object perception begins with continuous exploratory contact, and the human brain needs to accumulate sensory information continuously over time. However, it is still unclear how the primary sensorimotor cortex (PSC) interacts with these higher-level regions during haptic exploration over time. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates time-dependent haptic object processing by examining brain activity during haptic 3D curve and roughness estimations. For this experiment, we designed sixteen haptic stimuli (4 kinds of curves × 4 varieties of roughness) for the haptic curve and roughness estimation tasks. Twenty participants were asked to move their right index and middle fingers along the surface twice and to estimate one of the two features-roughness or curvature-depending on the task instruction. We found that the brain activity in several higher-level regions (e.g., the bilateral posterior parietal cortex) linearly increased as the number of curves increased during the haptic exploration phase. Surprisingly, we found that the contralateral PSC was parametrically modulated by the number of curves only during the late exploration phase but not during the early exploration phase. In contrast, we found no similar parametric modulation activity patterns during the haptic roughness estimation task in either the contralateral PSC or in higher-level regions. Thus, our findings suggest that haptic 3D object perception is processed across the cortical hierarchy, whereas the contralateral PSC interacts with other higher-level regions across time in a manner that is dependent upon the features of the object.
Collapse
|
42
|
Tamè L, Tucciarelli R, Sadibolova R, Sereno MI, Longo MR. Reconstructing neural representations of tactile space. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117730. [PMID: 33454399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychophysical experiments have demonstrated large and highly systematic perceptual distortions of tactile space. Such a space can be referred to our experience of the spatial organisation of objects, at representational level, through touch, in analogy with the familiar concept of visual space. We investigated the neural basis of tactile space by analysing activity patterns induced by tactile stimulation of nine points on a 3 × 3 square grid on the hand dorsum using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used a searchlight approach within pre-defined regions of interests to compute the pairwise Euclidean distances between the activity patterns elicited by tactile stimulation. Then, we used multidimensional scaling to reconstruct tactile space at the neural level and compare it with skin space at the perceptual level. Our reconstructions of the shape of skin space in contralateral primary somatosensory and motor cortices reveal that it is distorted in a way that matches the perceptual shape of skin space. This suggests that early sensorimotor areas critically contribute to the distorted internal representation of tactile space on the hand dorsum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tamè
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NP, UK.
| | - Raffaele Tucciarelli
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Renata Sadibolova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; Department of Psychology, Goldsmith, University of London, London, UK
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; University College London, University of London, London, UK; San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Matthew R Longo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Du Y, Wang Y, Yu M, Tian X, Liu J. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Punishment Network Associated With Conformity. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:617402. [PMID: 33390913 PMCID: PMC7772235 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.617402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear of punishment prompts individuals to conform. However, why some people are more inclined than others to conform despite being unaware of any obvious punishment remains unclear, which means the dispositional determinants of individual differences in conformity propensity are poorly understood. Here, we explored whether such individual differences might be explained by individuals' stable neural markers to potential punishment. To do this, we first defined the punishment network (PN) by combining all potential brain regions involved in punishment processing. We subsequently used a voxel-based global brain connectivity (GBC) method based on resting-state functional connectivity (FC) to characterize the hubs in the PN, which reflected an ongoing readiness state (i.e., sensitivity) for potential punishment. Then, we used the within-network connectivity (WNC) of each voxel in the PN of 264 participants to explain their tendency to conform by using a conformity scale. We found that a stronger WNC in the right thalamus, left insula, postcentral gyrus, and dACC was associated with a stronger tendency to conform. Furthermore, the FC among the four hubs seemed to form a three-phase ascending pathway, contributing to conformity propensity at every phase. Thus, our results suggest that task-independent spontaneous connectivity in the PN could predispose individuals to conform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Du
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Spitzhüttl JS, Kronbichler M, Kronbichler L, Benzing V, Siegwart V, Pastore‐Wapp M, Kiefer C, Slavova N, Grotzer M, Roebers CM, Steinlin M, Leibundgut K, Everts R. Impact of non-CNS childhood cancer on resting-state connectivity and its association with cognition. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01931. [PMID: 33205895 PMCID: PMC7821559 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-central nervous system cancer in childhood (non-CNS CC) and its treatments pose a major threat to brain development, with implications for functional networks. Structural and functional alterations might underlie the cognitive late-effects identified in survivors of non-CNS CC. The present study evaluated resting-state functional networks and their associations with cognition in a mixed sample of non-CNS CC survivors (i.e., leukemia, lymphoma, and other non-CNS solid tumors). METHODS Forty-three patients (off-therapy for at least 1 year and aged 7-16 years) were compared with 43 healthy controls matched for age and sex. High-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were acquired. Executive functions, attention, processing speed, and memory were assessed outside the scanner. RESULTS Cognitive performance was within the normal range for both groups; however, patients after CNS-directed therapy showed lower executive functions than controls. Seed-based connectivity analyses revealed that patients exhibited stronger functional connectivity between fronto- and temporo-parietal pathways and weaker connectivity between parietal-cerebellar and temporal-occipital pathways in the right hemisphere than controls. Functional hyperconnectivity was related to weaker memory performance in the patients' group. CONCLUSION These data suggest that even in the absence of brain tumors, non-CNS CC and its treatment can lead to persistent cerebral alterations in resting-state network connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine S. Spitzhüttl
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Neuropediatrics, Development and RehabilitationUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of PsychologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Neuroscience InstituteChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Lisa Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of PsychologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Neuroscience InstituteChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsChristian‐Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Siegwart
- Neuropediatrics, Development and RehabilitationUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Manuela Pastore‐Wapp
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN)Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Claus Kiefer
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN)Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Nedelina Slavova
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN)Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Michael Grotzer
- Department of Pediatric OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Maja Steinlin
- Neuropediatrics, Development and RehabilitationUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Kurt Leibundgut
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Regula Everts
- Neuropediatrics, Development and RehabilitationUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, and University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun F, Liu Z, Yang J, Fan Z, Yang J. Differential Dynamical Pattern of Regional Homogeneity in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: A Preliminary Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:764932. [PMID: 34966303 PMCID: PMC8710770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.764932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) are both characterized by depressive moods, which are difficult to distinguish in clinical practice. Human brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. Investigating dynamical pattern alterations of depressed brains can provide deep insights into the pathophysiological features of depression. This study aimed to explore similar and different abnormal dynamic patterns between BD and UD. Methods: Brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 36 patients with BD type I (BD-I), 38 patients with UD, and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Analysis of covariance was adopted to examine the differential pattern of the dynamical regional homogeneity (dReHo) temporal variability across 3 groups, with gender, age, and education level as covariates. Post-hoc analyses were employed to obtain the different dynamic characteristics between any 2 groups. We further applied the machine-learning methods to classify BD-I from UD by using the detected distinct dReHo pattern. Results: Compared with patients with UD, patients with BD-I demonstrated decreased dReHo variability in the right postcentral gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus. By using the dReHo variability pattern of these two regions as features, we achieved the 91.89% accuracy and 0.92 area under curve in classifying BD-I from UD. Relative to HCs, patients with UD showed increased dReHo variability in the right postcentral gyrus, while there were no dReHo variability differences in patients with BD-I. Conclusions: The results of this study mainly report the differential dynamic pattern of the regional activity between BD-I and UD, particular in the mesolimbic system, and show its promising potential in assisting the diagnosis of these two depression groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zebin Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sugimoto H, Dolcos F, Tsukiura T. Memory of my victory and your defeat: Contributions of reward- and memory-related regions to the encoding of winning events in competitions with others. Neuropsychologia 2020; 152:107733. [PMID: 33347912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions enhance human memories, but little is known about how the neural mechanisms underlying episodic memories are modulated by rewarding outcomes in social interactions. To investigate this, fMRI data were recorded while healthy young adults encoded unfamiliar faces in either a competition or a control task. In the competition task, participants encoded opponents' faces in the rock-paper-scissors game, where trial-by-trial outcomes of Win, Draw, and Lose for participants were shown by facial expressions of opponents (Angry, Neutral, and Happy). In the control task, participants encoded faces by assessing facial expressions. After encoding, participants recognized faces previously learned. Behavioral data showed that emotional valence for opponents' Angry faces as the Win outcome was rated positively in the competition task, whereas the rating for Angry faces was rated negatively in the control task, and that Angry faces were remembered more accurately than Neutral or Happy faces in both tasks. fMRI data showed that activation in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) paralleled the pattern of valence ratings, with greater activation for the Win than Draw or Lose conditions of the competition task, and the Angry condition of the control task. Moreover, functional connectivity between the mOFC and hippocampus was increased in Win compared to Angry, and the mOFC-hippocampus functional connectivity predicted individual differences in subsequent memory performance only in Win of the competition task, but not in any other conditions of the two tasks. These results demonstrate that the memory enhancement by context-dependent social rewards involves interactions between reward- and memory-related regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Noohi F, Kinnaird C, De Dios Y, Kofman IS, Wood SJ, Bloomberg J, Mulavara A, Sienko KH, Polk TA, Seidler RD. Age Differences in Vestibular Brain Connectivity Are Associated With Balance Performance. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:566331. [PMID: 33312123 PMCID: PMC7703342 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.566331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual and auditory brain network connectivity decline with age, but less is known about age effects on vestibular functional connectivity and its association with behavior. We assessed age differences in the connectivity of the vestibular cortex with other sensory brain regions, both during rest and during vestibular stimulation. We then assessed the relationship between vestibular connectivity and postural stability. A sample of seventeen young and fifteen older adults participated in our study. We assessed the amount of body sway in performing the Romberg balance task, with degraded somatosensory and visual inputs. The results showed no significant difference in balance performance between age groups. However, functional connectivity analyses revealed a main effect of age and condition, suggesting that vestibular connectivity was higher in young adults than older adults, and vestibular connectivity increased from resting state to stimulation trials. Surprisingly, young adults who exhibited higher connectivity during stimulation also had greater body sway. This suggests that young adults who exhibit better balance are those who respond more selectively to vestibular inputs. This correlation is non-significant in older adults, suggesting that the relationship between vestibular functional connectivity and postural stability differs with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Noohi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine Kinnaird
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Scott J Wood
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Kathleen H Sienko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thad A Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kleimaker M, Kleimaker A, Weissbach A, Colzato LS, Beste C, Bäumer T, Münchau A. Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Front Neurol 2020; 11:592258. [PMID: 33244309 PMCID: PMC7683779 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder typically commencing in childhood and characterized by motor and phonic tics. Its pathophysiology is still incompletely understood. However, there is convincing evidence that structural and functional abnormalities in the basal ganglia, in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and some cortical areas including medial frontal regions and the prefrontal cortex as well as hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system are key findings. Conventional therapeutic approaches in addition to counseling comprise behavioral treatment, particularly habit reversal therapy, oral pharmacotherapy (antipsychotic medication, alpha-2-agonists) and botulinum toxin injections. In treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome, deep brain stimulation, particularly of the internal segment of the globus pallidus, is an option for a small minority of patients. Based on pathophysiological considerations, non-invasive brain stimulation might be a suitable alternative. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears particularly attractive. It can lead to longer-lasting alterations of excitability and connectivity in cortical networks and inter-connected regions including the basal ganglia through the induction of neural plasticity. Stimulation of the primary motor and premotor cortex has so far not been shown to be clinically effective. Some studies, though, suggest that the supplementary motor area or the temporo-parietal junction might be more appropriate targets. In this manuscript, we will review the evidence for the usefulness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electric stimulation as treatment options in Tourette syndrome. Based on pathophysiological considerations we will discuss the rational for other approaches of non-invasive brain stimulation including state informed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cauda F, Mancuso L, Nani A, Ficco L, Premi E, Manuello J, Liloia D, Gelmini G, Duca S, Costa T. Hubs of long-distance co-alteration characterize brain pathology. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3878-3899. [PMID: 32562581 PMCID: PMC7469792 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clearer that the impact of brain diseases is more convincingly represented in terms of co-alterations rather than in terms of localization of alterations. In this context, areas characterized by a long mean distance of co-alteration may be considered as hubs with a crucial role in the pathology. We calculated meta-analytic transdiagnostic networks of co-alteration for the gray matter decreases and increases, and we evaluated the mean Euclidean, fiber-length, and topological distance of its nodes. We also examined the proportion of co-alterations between canonical networks, and the transdiagnostic variance of the Euclidean distance. Furthermore, disease-specific analyses were conducted on schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. The anterodorsal prefrontal cortices appeared to be a transdiagnostic hub of long-distance co-alterations. Also, the disease-specific analyses showed that long-distance co-alterations are more able than classic meta-analyses to identify areas involved in pathology and symptomatology. Moreover, the distance maps were correlated with the normative connectivity. Our findings substantiate the network degeneration hypothesis in brain pathology. At the same time, they suggest that the concept of co-alteration might be a useful tool for clinical neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cauda
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Lorenzo Mancuso
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Linda Ficco
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Enrico Premi
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio‐Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali CiviliSpedali Civili HospitalBresciaItaly
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Donato Liloia
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Gabriele Gelmini
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS‐fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- FOCUS Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yao ZF, Sligte IG, Moreau D, Hsieh S, Yang CT, Ridderinkhof KR, Muggleton NG, Wang CH. The brains of elite soccer players are subject to experience-dependent alterations in white matter connectivity. Cortex 2020; 132:79-91. [PMID: 32956909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is the only major sport with voluntary unprotected head-to-ball contact. It is crucial to determine if head impact through long-term soccer training is manifested in brain structure and connectivity, and whether such alterations are due to sustained training per se. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we documented a comprehensive view of soccer players' brains in a sample of twenty-five right-handed male elite soccer players aged from 18 to 22 years and twenty-five non-athletic controls aged 19-24 years. Importantly, none had recalled a history of concussion. We performed a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistical analysis, and a tract-specific probabilistic tractography method to measure the differences of white matter properties between groups. Whole-brain integrity analysis showed stronger microstructural integrity within the corpus callosum tract in soccer players compared to controls. Further, tract-specific probabilistic tractography revealed that the anterior part of corpus callosum may be the brain structure most relevant to training experience, which may put into perspective prior evidence showing corpus callosum alteration in retired or concussed athletes practicing contact sports. Intriguingly, experience-related alterations showed left hemispheric lateralization of potential early signs of concussion-like effects. In sum, we concluded that the observed gains and losses may be due to a consequence of engagement in protracted soccer training that incurs prognostic hallmarks associated with minor injury-induced neural inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fu Yao
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja G Sligte
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Moreau
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory: Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - K Richard Ridderinkhof
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neil G Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|