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Prud’homme GJ, Wang Q. Anti-Inflammatory Role of the Klotho Protein and Relevance to Aging. Cells 2024; 13:1413. [PMID: 39272986 PMCID: PMC11394293 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-Klotho protein (hereafter Klotho) is an obligate coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). It is produced in the kidneys, brain and other sites. Klotho insufficiency causes hyperphosphatemia and other anomalies. Importantly, it is associated with chronic pathologies (often age-related) that have an inflammatory component. This includes atherosclerosis, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Its mode of action in these diseases is not well understood, but it inhibits or regulates multiple major pathways. Klotho has a membrane form and a soluble form (s-Klotho). Cytosolic Klotho is postulated but not well characterized. s-Klotho has endocrine properties that are incompletely elucidated. It binds to the FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c) that is widely expressed (including endothelial cells). It also attaches to soluble FGF23, and FGF23/Klotho binds to FGFRs. Thus, s-Klotho might be a roaming FGF23 coreceptor, but it has other functions. Notably, Klotho (cell-bound or soluble) counteracts inflammation and appears to mitigate related aging (inflammaging). It inhibits NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. This inflammasome requires priming by NF-κB and produces active IL-1β, membrane pores and cell death (pyroptosis). In accord, Klotho countered inflammation and cell injury induced by toxins, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). s-Klotho also blocks the TGF-β receptor and Wnt ligands, which lessens fibrotic disease. Low Klotho is associated with loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), as occurs in aging and chronic diseases. s-Klotho counters the inhibitory effects of myostatin and TGF-β on muscle, reduces inflammation, and improves muscle repair following injury. The inhibition of TGF-β and other factors may also be protective in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines Klotho functions especially as related to inflammation and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald J. Prud’homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 220 Walmer Rd, Toronto, ON M5R 3R7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Innogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
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Hosseini L, Babaie S, Shahabi P, Fekri K, Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Mafikandi V, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Abolhasanpour N. Klotho: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutics in central nervous system diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:913. [PMID: 39153108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Klotho is recognized as an aging-suppressor protein that is implicated in a variety of processes and signaling pathways. The anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor bioactivities of klotho have extended its application in neurosciences and made the protein popular for its lifespan-extending capacity. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that klotho levels would reduce with aging and numerous pathologies, particularly those related to the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence supports the idea that klotho can be a key therapeutic target in CNS diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Reviewing the literature suggests that the upregulation of klotho expression regulates various signaling pathways related to autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, cognition, and ferroptosis in neurological disorders. Therefore, it has been of great interest to develop drugs or agents that boost or restore klotho levels. In this regard, the present review was designed and aimed to gather the delegated documents regarding the therapeutic potential of Klotho in CNS diseases focusing on the molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Fekri
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Preclinical Department, Amol Campus of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vida Mafikandi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Abolhasanpour
- Research Center for Evidence‑Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Driscoll IF, Lose S, Ma Y, Bendlin BB, Gallagher C, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Hermann B, Sager MA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Carlsson C, Kollmorgen G, Quijano‐Rubio C, Dubal D, Okonkwo OC. KLOTHO KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with diminished age-related neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction in older cognitively unimpaired adults. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5347-5356. [PMID: 39030746 PMCID: PMC11350058 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined whether the aging suppressor KLOTHO gene's functionally advantageous KL-VS variant (KL-VS heterozygosity [KL-VSHET]) confers resilience against deleterious effects of aging indexed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neuroinflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6], S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B], triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells [sTREM2], chitinase-3-like protein 1 [YKL-40], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), neurodegeneration (total α-synuclein [α-Syn], neurofilament light chain protein), and synaptic dysfunction (neurogranin [Ng]). METHODS This Alzheimer disease risk-enriched cohort consisted of 454 cognitively unimpaired adults (Mage = 61.5 ± 7.75). Covariate-adjusted multivariate regression examined relationships between age (mean-split[age ≥ 62]) and CSF biomarkers (Roche/NeuroToolKit), and whether they differed between KL-VSHET (N = 122) and non-carriers (KL-VSNC; N = 332). RESULTS Older age was associated with a poorer biomarker profile across all analytes (Ps ≤ 0.03). In age-stratified analyses, KL-VSNC exhibited this same pattern (Ps ≤ 0.05) which was not significant for IL-6, S100B, Ng, and α-Syn (Ps ≥ 0.13) in KL-VSHET. Although age-related differences in GFAP, sTREM2, and YKL-40 were evident for both groups (Ps ≤ 0.01), the effect magnitude was markedly stronger for KL-VSNC. DISCUSSION Higher levels of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction in older adults were attenuated in KL-VSHET. HIGHLIGHTS Older age was associated with poorer profiles across all cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction. KLOTHO KL-VS non-carriers exhibit this same pattern, which is does not significantly differ between younger and older KL-VS heterozygotes for interleukin-6, S100 calcium-binding protein B, neurogranin, and total α-synuclein. Although age-related differences in glial fibrillary acidic protein, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 are evident for both KL-VS groups, the magnitude of the effect is markedly stronger for KL-VS non-carriers. Higher levels of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction in older adults are attenuated in KL-VS heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Frahmand Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sarah Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Catherine Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
- Paris Brain InstituteICMPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne UniversityParisFrance
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research CenterDivision of Life Sciences and Medicineand Department of NeurologyInstitute on Aging and Brain DisordersUniversity of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiPR China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesClear Water BayHong KongPR China
| | - Cynthia Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Dena Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of GeriatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Marino F, Wang D, Merrihew GE, MacCoss MJ, Dubal DB. A second X chromosome improves cognition in aging male and female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605328. [PMID: 39091744 PMCID: PMC11291180 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Women show resilience to cognitive aging, in the absence of dementia, in many populations. To dissect sex differences, we utilized the FCG and XY* mouse models. Female gonads and sex chromosomes improved cognition in aging mice of both sexes. Further, presence of a second X in male and female mice conferred cognitive resilience while its absence in females blocked it. In the hippocampal proteome of aging female mice, the second X increased proteins involved in synaptogenesis signaling - a potential pathway to improved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marino
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gennifer E. Merrihew
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, US
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Guo X, Huang X, Yang Y, Dong L, Kong D, Zhang J. FNDC5/Irisin in dementia and cognitive impairment: update and novel perspective. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13447. [PMID: 38985081 PMCID: PMC11249199 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys show that the incidence of age-related dementia and cognitive impairment is increasing and it has been a heavy burden for society, families, and healthcare systems, making the preservation of cognitive function in an increasingly aging population a major challenge. Exercise is beneficial for brain health, and FDNC5/irisin, a new exercise-induced myokine, is thought to be a beneficial mediator to cognitive function and plays an important role in the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and brain. This review provides a critical assessment of the recent progress in both fundamental and clinical research of FDNC5/irisin in dementia and cognitive impairment-related disorders. Furthermore, we present a novel perspective on the therapeutic effectiveness of FDNC5/irisin in alleviating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- Department of Health Examination, Weihai Municipal Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Yachao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Weihai Municipal Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Luying Dong
- Department of Health Examination, Weihai Municipal Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Dehuan Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Weihai Municipal Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
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Lemche E, Killick R, Mitchell J, Caton PW, Choudhary P, Howard JK. Molecular mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes mellitus and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106485. [PMID: 38643861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research evidence indicating common metabolic mechanisms through which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases risk of late-onset Alzheimer's dementia (LOAD) has accumulated over recent decades. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive review of common mechanisms, which have hitherto been discussed in separate perspectives, and to assemble and evaluate candidate loci and epigenetic modifications contributing to polygenic risk linkages between T2DM and LOAD. For the systematic review on pathophysiological mechanisms, both human and animal studies up to December 2023 are included. For the qualitative meta-analysis of genomic bases, human association studies were examined; for epigenetic mechanisms, data from human studies and animal models were accepted. Papers describing pathophysiological studies were identified in databases, and further literature gathered from cited work. For genomic and epigenomic studies, literature mining was conducted by formalised search codes using Boolean operators in search engines, and augmented by GeneRif citations in Entrez Gene, and other sources (WikiGenes, etc.). For the systematic review of pathophysiological mechanisms, 923 publications were evaluated, and 138 gene loci extracted for testing candidate risk linkages. 3 57 publications were evaluated for genomic association and descriptions of epigenomic modifications. Overall accumulated results highlight insulin signalling, inflammation and inflammasome pathways, proteolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, glycosylation, lipoprotein metabolism and oxidation, cell cycle regulation or survival, autophagic-lysosomal pathways, and energy. Documented findings suggest interplay between brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, insult compensatory mechanisms, and peripheral metabolic dysregulation in T2DM and LOAD linkage. The results allow for more streamlined longitudinal studies of T2DM-LOAD risk linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Killick
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Mitchell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl CIinical Neurosciences Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Diabetes Research Group, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Ge S, Dong F, Tian C, Yang CH, Liu M, Wei J. Serum soluble alpha-klotho klotho and cognitive functioning in older adults aged 60 and 79: an analysis of cross-sectional data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:245. [PMID: 38468203 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Klotho, consisting of membrane klotho and soluble alpha-klotho, is found to be associated with better cognitive outcomes in small samples of the aged population. We aimed to examine the association of serum soluble alpha-klotho with cognitive functioning among older adults using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults. METHOD A total of 2,173 U.S. older adults aged 60-79 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2014 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Serum soluble alpha-klotho was measured in the laboratory and analyzed with an ELISA kit. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory, the Animal fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on sample means and standard deviations. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the association of quartiles and continuous value of serum soluble alpha-klotho with test-specific and global cognition z-scores. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex. The following covariates were included in the analysis- age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, stroke, prevalent coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. All the information was self-reported or obtained from health exams. RESULTS Serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (beta [β] =-0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.25, -0.01). For subgroup analysis, serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.003) and global cognition (β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01) among female participants. No association was found between continuous serum soluble alpha-klotho and cognitive functioning among the participants. CONCLUSIONS Lower serum soluble alpha-klotho quartile was associated with poorer cognitive functioning among older women. Future studies are expected to examine the longitudinal association between klotho levels and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ge
- College of Sciences and Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, US
| | - Fanghong Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missiouri, United States of America
| | - Chong Tian
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Minhui Liu
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, 410013, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jingkai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
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Zangerolamo L, Carvalho M, Velloso LA, Barbosa HCL. Endocrine FGFs and their signaling in the brain: Relevance for energy homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176248. [PMID: 38056616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2000, there has been a continuous expansion of studies investigating the physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 comprise a subfamily with attributes that distinguish them from typical FGFs, as they can act as hormones and are, therefore, referred to as endocrine FGFs. As they participate in a broad cross-organ endocrine signaling axis, endocrine FGFs are crucial lipidic, glycemic, and energetic metabolism regulators during energy availability fluctuations. They function as powerful metabolic signals in physiological responses induced by metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes and obesity. Pharmacologically, FGF19 and FGF21 cause body weight loss and ameliorate glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure in rodents and humans. In contrast, FGF23 expression in mice and humans has been linked with insulin resistance and obesity. Here, we discuss emerging concepts in endocrine FGF signaling in the brain and critically assess their putative role as therapeutic targets for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zangerolamo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Carvalho
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Ozbek L, Mutlu A, Cejka D, Ciceri P, Cozzolino M, Haarhaus ML. Klotho: a potential therapeutic target in aging and neurodegeneration beyond chronic kidney disease-a comprehensive review from the ERA CKD-MBD working group. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad276. [PMID: 38213484 PMCID: PMC10783249 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a multifunctional protein, acts as a co-receptor in fibroblast growth factor 23 and exerts its impact through various molecular pathways, including Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 pathways. The physiological significance of Klotho is the regulation of vitamin D and phosphate metabolism as well as serving as a vital component in aging and neurodegeneration. The role of Klotho in aging and neurodegeneration in particular has gained considerable attention. In this narrative review we highlight several key insights into the molecular basis and physiological function of Klotho and synthesize current research on the role of Klotho in neurodegeneration and aging. Klotho deficiency was associated with cognitive impairment, reduced growth, diminished longevity and the development of age-related diseases in vivo. Serum Klotho levels showed a decline in individuals with advanced age and those affected by chronic kidney disease, establishing its potential diagnostic significance. Additionally, multiple medications have been demonstrated to influence Klotho levels. Therefore, this comprehensive review suggests that Klotho could open the door to novel interventions aimed at addressing the challenges of aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Cejka
- Department of Medicine III – Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, Rheumatology, Geriatrics, Ordensklinikum Linz – Elisabethinen Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathias Loberg Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang X, Yang X, He W, Song X, Zhang G, Niu P, Chen T. The association of serum neurofilament light chains with early symptoms related to Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:144-152. [PMID: 37805158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilament light chains (NfL), released with neural axon injury, is considered as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationship between NfL and PD has been studied mainly in diagnosed patients. Few large-scale studies analyze the association between NfL levels and multiple non-motor symptoms linked to early PD in the general population. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association of NfL with early symptoms of PD, and effectively respond to the development of early symptoms of PD. We examined the relationship between serum NfL and early non-motor symptoms of PD (smell dysfunction, sleep problems, cognitive function) and serum Klotho levels in the general population using data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationship between serum NfL and early symptoms of PD in 1125 participants was analyzed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. The results showed a significant association between serum NfL and early symptoms of PD. There was a significant positive correlation between NfL and smell dysfunction, short sleep and long sleep. There was a significant negative correlation between NfL and Klotho levels and cognitive function test results. Further, we observed gender and age differences in the association of NfL with early symptoms of PD. Our study demonstrate that elevated serum NfL levels are positively associated with an increased risk of early PD-related symptoms, suggesting that serum NfL can be a promising biomarker for early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gaoman Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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11
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Ranjbar N, Raeisi M, Barzegar M, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Shiva S, Sadeghvand S, Negargar S, Poursistany H, Raeisi S. The possible anti-seizure properties of Klotho. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148555. [PMID: 37634687 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent seizures in epilepsy may lead to progressive neuronal damage, which can diminish health-related quality of life. Evaluation and control of pathological processes in the brain is valuable. It seems imperative that new markers and approaches for seizure alleviation be discovered. Klotho (Kl), an antiaging protein, has protective effects in the brain against neurological disorders. It may also have antiseizure effects by improving creatine transfer to the brain, upregulating excitatory amino acid transporters, and inhibiting insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), Wingless (Wnt), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)/nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Stimulation and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways could also be considered other possible antiseizure mechanisms of Kl. In the present review, the roles of Kl in the central nervous system as well as its possible anti-seizure properties are discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Raeisi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biothechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Shiva
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sohrab Negargar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Poursistany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Raeisi
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit of Zahra Mardani Azari Children Educational and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Alem F, Campos-Obando N, Narayanan A, Bailey CL, Macaya RF. Exogenous Klotho Extends Survival in COVID-19 Model Mice. Pathogens 2023; 12:1404. [PMID: 38133288 PMCID: PMC10746004 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A striking feature of COVID-19 disease is the broad spectrum of risk factors associated with case severity, as well as the diversity of clinical manifestations. While no central agent has been able to explain the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the factors that most robustly correlate with severity are risk factors linked to aging. Low serum levels of Klotho, an anti-aging protein, strongly correlate with the pathogenesis of the same risk factors and manifestations of conditions similar to those expressed in severe COVID-19 cases. The current manuscript presents original research on the effects of the exogenous application of Klotho, an anti-aging protein, in COVID-19 model mice. Klotho supplementation resulted in a statistically significant survival benefit in parametric and non-parametric models. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanistic role Klotho plays in COVID-19 pathogenesis as well as the possible modulation SARS-CoV-2 may have on the biological aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Alem
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (F.A.); (A.N.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Natalia Campos-Obando
- Formerly at Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José P.O. Box 10105-1000, Costa Rica;
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (F.A.); (A.N.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Charles L. Bailey
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (F.A.); (A.N.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Roman F. Macaya
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Zou P, Wu C, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 37964328 PMCID: PMC10644503 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Zou
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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14
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Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Czechowska E, Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M. The Importance of α-Klotho in Depression and Cognitive Impairment and Its Connection to Glutamate Neurotransmission-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15268. [PMID: 37894946 PMCID: PMC10607524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disease affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. Cognitive deficits (including inattention, poor memory, and decision-making difficulties) are common in the clinical picture of depression. Cognitive impairment has been hypothesized to be one of the most important components of major depressive disorder (MDD; referred to as clinical depression), although typical cognitive symptoms are less frequent in people with depression than in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD; sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder). The importance of α-Klotho in the aging process has been well-documented. Growing evidence points to the role of α-Klotho in regulating other biological functions, including responses to oxidative stress and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It has been proven that a Klotho deficit may contribute to the development of various nervous system pathologies, such as behavioral disorders or neurodegeneration. Given the growing evidence of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment, it is assumed that this protein may be a molecular link between them. Here, we provide a research review of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms (related to oxidative stress and glutamatergic transmission) that may be important in α-Klotho-mediated regulation of mental and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna Street 1A, 35-595 Rzeszow, Poland
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15
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Wright AL, Konen LM, Mockett BG, Morris GP, Singh A, Burbano LE, Milham L, Hoang M, Zinn R, Chesworth R, Tan RP, Royle GA, Clark I, Petrou S, Abraham WC, Vissel B. The Q/R editing site of AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit acts as an epigenetic switch regulating dendritic spines, neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:65. [PMID: 37759260 PMCID: PMC10537207 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA editing at the Q/R site of GluA2 occurs with ~99% efficiency in the healthy brain, so that the majority of AMPARs contain GluA2(R) instead of the exonically encoded GluA2(Q). Reduced Q/R site editing infcreases AMPA receptor calcium permeability and leads to dendritic spine loss, neurodegeneration, seizures and learning impairments. Furthermore, GluA2 Q/R site editing is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), raising the possibility that unedited GluA2(Q)-containing AMPARs contribute to synapse loss and neurodegeneration in AD. If true, then inhibiting expression of unedited GluA2(Q), while maintaining expression of GluA2(R), may be a novel strategy of preventing synapse loss and neurodegeneration in AD. METHODS We engineered mice with the 'edited' arginine codon (CGG) in place of the unedited glutamine codon (CAG) at position 607 of the Gria2 gene. We crossbred this line with the J20 mouse model of AD and conducted anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural assays to determine the impact of eliminating unedited GluA2(Q) expression on AD-related phenotypes. RESULTS Eliminating unedited GluA2(Q) expression in AD mice prevented dendritic spine loss and hippocampal CA1 neurodegeneration as well as improved working and reference memory in the radial arm maze. These phenotypes were improved independently of Aβ pathology and ongoing seizure susceptibility. Surprisingly, our data also revealed increased spine density in non-AD mice with exonically encoded GluA2(R) as compared to their wild-type littermates, suggesting an unexpected and previously unknown role for unedited GluA2(Q) in regulating dendritic spines. CONCLUSION The Q/R editing site of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 may act as an epigenetic switch that regulates dendritic spines, neurodegeneration and memory deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wright
- St Vincent's Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Rural Medicine, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Lyndsey M Konen
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gary P Morris
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisseth Estefania Burbano
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Luke Milham
- St Vincent's Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Monica Hoang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Raphael Zinn
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Richard P Tan
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gordon A Royle
- Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau DHB, Otahuhu, Auckland, 1062, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ian Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St Vincent's Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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16
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Luthra NS, Christou DD, Clow A, Corcos DM. Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with exercise. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1228444. [PMID: 37746149 PMCID: PMC10514367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent and complex age-related neurodegenerative condition for which there are no disease-modifying treatments currently available. The pathophysiological process underlying PD remains incompletely understood but increasing evidence points to multiple system dysfunction. Interestingly, the past decade has produced evidence that exercise not only reduces signs and symptoms of PD but is also potentially neuroprotective. Characterizing the mechanistic pathways that are triggered by exercise and lead to positive outcomes will improve understanding of how to counter disease progression and symptomatology. In this review, we highlight how exercise regulates the neuroendocrine system, whose primary role is to respond to stress, maintain homeostasis and improve resilience to aging. We focus on a group of hormones - cortisol, melatonin, insulin, klotho, and vitamin D - that have been shown to associate with various non-motor symptoms of PD, such as mood, cognition, and sleep/circadian rhythm disorder. These hormones may represent important biomarkers to track in clinical trials evaluating effects of exercise in PD with the aim of providing evidence that patients can exert some behavioral-induced control over their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Park C, Hahn O, Gupta S, Moreno AJ, Marino F, Kedir B, Wang D, Villeda SA, Wyss-Coray T, Dubal DB. Platelet factors are induced by longevity factor klotho and enhance cognition in young and aging mice. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1067-1078. [PMID: 37587231 PMCID: PMC10501899 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelet factors regulate wound healing and can signal from the blood to the brain1,2. However, whether platelet factors modulate cognition, a highly valued and central manifestation of brain function, is unknown. Here we show that systemic platelet factor 4 (PF4) permeates the brain and enhances cognition. We found that, in mice, peripheral administration of klotho, a longevity and cognition-enhancing protein3-7, increased the levels of multiple platelet factors in plasma, including PF4. A pharmacologic intervention that inhibits platelet activation blocked klotho-mediated cognitive enhancement, indicating that klotho may require platelets to enhance cognition. To directly test the effects of platelet factors on the brain, we treated mice with vehicle or systemic PF4. In young mice, PF4 enhanced synaptic plasticity and cognition. In old mice, PF4 decreased cognitive deficits and restored aging-induced increases of select factors associated with cognitive performance in the hippocampus. The effects of klotho on cognition were still present in mice lacking PF4, suggesting this platelet factor is sufficient to enhance cognition but not necessary for the effects of klotho-and that other unidentified factors probably contribute. Augmenting platelet factors, possible messengers of klotho, may enhance cognition in the young brain and decrease cognitive deficits in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cana Park
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arturo J Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Marino
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Blen Kedir
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saul A Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Klotho, a longevity factor, improves cognitive function in aging nonhuman primates. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:915-916. [PMID: 37429952 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
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19
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Castner SA, Gupta S, Wang D, Moreno AJ, Park C, Chen C, Poon Y, Groen A, Greenberg K, David N, Boone T, Baxter MG, Williams GV, Dubal DB. Longevity factor klotho enhances cognition in aged nonhuman primates. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:931-937. [PMID: 37400721 PMCID: PMC10432271 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in aging is a major biomedical challenge. Whether treatment with klotho, a longevity factor, could enhance cognition in human-relevant models such as in nonhuman primates is unknown and represents a major knowledge gap in the path to therapeutics. We validated the rhesus form of the klotho protein in mice showing it increased synaptic plasticity and cognition. We then found that a single administration of low-dose, but not high-dose, klotho enhanced memory in aged nonhuman primates. Systemic low-dose klotho treatment may prove therapeutic in aging humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Castner
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arturo J Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cana Park
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Poon
- Unity Biotechnology, Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom Boone
- Tom Boone Consulting, Newbury Park, CA, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Graham V Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Zhang J, Zhang A. Relationships between serum Klotho concentrations and cognitive performance among older chronic kidney disease patients with albuminuria in NHANES 2011-2014. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215977. [PMID: 37560310 PMCID: PMC10407554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The potential relationship between Klotho and cognitive function is limited and controversial. This study aimed to quantify the association of Klotho and cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with albuminuria. Methods Serum Klotho was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) > 30mg/g from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 were divided into 4 groups according to the quartile of Klotho. Cognitive function was examined using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Animal Fluency Test. The relationship between Klotho and cognitive function was analyzed by multivariable regression and subgroup analysis. Results Among 368 CKD patients with albuminuria, we found that Klotho was negatively associated with creatinine, and positively associated with hemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. No significant linear relationship was showed between Klotho (as a continuous variable) and cognitive function. When regarded Klotho as a category variable, patients in the quartile 3 group were at a better cognitive performance for CEARD-word learning subset and DSST, especially in the CKD patients with 30 mg/g < UACR <300 mg/g, but not in participants with UACR > 300 mg/g. Conclusions The increased Klotho was associated with an increased cognitive function in CKD patients with microalbuminuria. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether Klotho may be a beneficial biomarker of cognitive health and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Tozer L. Anti-ageing protein injection boosts monkeys' memories. Nature 2023; 619:234. [PMID: 37402904 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
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22
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Shaw C, Abdulai-Saiku S, Marino F, Wang D, Davis E, Panning B, Dubal D. X Chromosome Factor Kdm6a Enhances Cognition Independent of Its Demethylase Function in the Aging XY Male Brain. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:938-943. [PMID: 36617879 PMCID: PMC10235195 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Males exhibit shorter life span and more cognitive deficits, in the absence of dementia, in aging human populations. In mammals, the X chromosome is enriched for neural genes and is a major source of biologic sex difference, in part, because males show decreased expression of select X factors (XY). While each sex (XX and XY) harbors one active X due to X chromosome inactivation in females, some genes, such as Kdm6a, transcriptionally escape silencing in females-resulting in lower transcript levels in males. Kdm6a is a known histone demethylase (H3K27me2/3) with multiple functional domains that is linked with synaptic plasticity and cognition. Whether elevating Kdm6a could benefit the aged male brain and whether this requires its demethylase function remains unknown. We used lentiviral-mediated overexpression of the X factor in the hippocampus of aging male mice and tested their cognition and behavior in the Morris water-maze. We found that acutely increasing Kdm6a-in a form without demethylase function-selectively improved learning and memory, in the aging XY brain, without altering total activity or anxiety-like measures. Further understanding the demethylase-independent downstream mechanisms of Kdm6a may lead to novel therapies for treating age-induced cognitive deficits in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayce K Shaw
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samira Abdulai-Saiku
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francesca Marino
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily J Davis
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Barbara Panning
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Liu S, Yu D, Wei P, Cai J, Xu M, He H, Tang X, Nong C, Wei Y, Xu X, Mo X, Zhang Z, Qin J. JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Klotho Gene in Cadmium-induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2854-2863. [PMID: 36166115 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a common heavy metal in the environment, is associated with cognitive impairment. In the present study, we carried out a preliminary inquiry to explore whether Cd causes neurotoxicity by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and affecting the expression of klotho genes in vivo and in vitro, providing clues for the mechanism of Cd-induced cognitive dysfunction. The rat samples were injected with Cd chloride solution for 14 weeks, and the memory function of the rats was detected. Different concentrations of Cd and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitors were used to treat PC12 cells and thus detect the apoptosis rate. The protein expression levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, and klotho in rat and PC12 cell were detected by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. With the increase in exposure dose, the memory function of rats was severely impaired. The expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins was significantly up-regulated, whereas that of klotho was significantly down-regulated both in vivo and in vitro (p < 0.05). In comparison with the high-dose Cd exposure group, after adding tyrphostin AG490 (AG490), the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells increased, whereas the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the cells decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Cd exposure may cause neurotoxicity by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and down-regulating klotho protein expression, leading to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haoyu He
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chuntao Nong
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoting Mo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jian Qin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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24
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Han ZZ, Fleet A, Larrieu D. Can accelerated ageing models inform us on age-related tauopathies? Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13830. [PMID: 37013265 PMCID: PMC10186612 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest risk factor of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. In the realm of sporadic tauopathies, modelling the process of biological ageing in experimental animals forms the foundation of searching for the molecular origin of pathogenic tau and developing potential therapeutic interventions. Although prior research into transgenic tau models offers valuable lessons for studying how tau mutations and overexpression can drive tau pathologies, the underlying mechanisms by which ageing leads to abnormal tau accumulation remains poorly understood. Mutations associated with human progeroid syndromes have been proposed to be able to mimic an aged environment in animal models. Here, we summarise recent attempts in modelling ageing in relation to tauopathies using animal models that carry mutations associated with human progeroid syndromes, or genetic elements unrelated to human progeroid syndromes, or have exceptional natural lifespans, or a remarkable resistance to ageing-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhuang Han
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeTennis Ct RdCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Alex Fleet
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeTennis Ct RdCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeTennis Ct RdCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
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25
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Pham AQ, Dore K. Novel approaches to increase synaptic resilience as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:84-92. [PMID: 35370089 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of brains with Alzheimer's disease pathology are obtained from patients that were cognitively normal, suggesting that differences within the brains of these individuals made them resilient to the disease. Here, we describe recent approaches that specifically increase synaptic resilience, as loss of synapses is considered to be the first change in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. We start by discussing studies showing benefit from increased expression of neurotrophic factors and protective genes. Methods that effectively make dendritic spines stronger, specifically by acting through actin network proteins, scaffolding proteins and inhibition of phosphatases are described next. Importantly, the therapeutic strategies presented in this review tackle Alzheimer's disease not by targeting plaques and tangles, but instead by making synapses resilient to the pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease, which has tremendous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Q Pham
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, UCSD, La Jolla 92093, United States
| | - Kim Dore
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, UCSD, La Jolla 92093, United States.
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26
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Yu J, Li T, Zhu J. Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:398-417. [PMID: 37008065 PMCID: PMC10017145 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements have taken place in gene therapy technology. However, effective methods for treating aging- or age-related chronic diseases, which are often closely related to genes or even multiple genes, are still lacking. The path to developing cures is winding, while gene therapy that targets genes related to aging represents an exciting research direction with tremendous potential. Among aging-related genes, some candidates have been studied at different levels, from cell to organismal levels (e.g., mammalian models) with different methods, from overexpression to gene editing. The TERT and APOE have even entered the stage of clinical trials. Even those displaying only a preliminary association with diseases have potential applications. This article discusses the foundations and recent breakthroughs in the field of gene therapy, providing a summary of current mainstream strategies and gene therapy products with clinical and preclinical applications. Finally, we review representative target genes and their potential for treating aging or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Roig-Soriano J, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Esandi-Jauregui J, Verdés S, Abraham CR, Bosch A, Ventura F, Chillón M. Differential toxicity profile of secreted and processed α-Klotho expression over mineral metabolism and bone microstructure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4211. [PMID: 36918615 PMCID: PMC10014869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-protective gene α-Klotho (KL) produces two main transcripts. The full-length mRNA generates a transmembrane protein that after proteolytic ectodomain shedding can be detected in serum as processed Klotho (p-KL), and a shorter transcript which codes for a putatively secreted protein (s-KL). Both isoforms exhibit potent pleiotropic beneficial properties, although previous reports showed negative side effects on mineral homeostasis after increasing p-KL concentration exogenously. Here, we expressed independently both isoforms using gene transfer vectors, to assess s-KL effects on mineral metabolism. While mice treated with p-KL presented altered expression of several kidney ion channels, as well as altered levels of Pi and Ca2+ in blood, s-KL treated mice had levels comparable to Null-treated control mice. Besides, bone gene expression of Fgf23 showed a fourfold increase after p-KL treatment, effects not observed with the s-KL isoform. Similarly, bone microstructure parameters of p-KL-treated mice were significantly worse than in control animals, while this was not observed for s-KL, which showed an unexpected increase in trabecular thickness and cortical mineral density. As a conclusion, s-KL (but not p-KL) is a safe therapeutic strategy to exploit KL anti-aging protective effects, presenting no apparent negative effects over mineral metabolism and bone microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Roig-Soriano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jon Esandi-Jauregui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergi Verdés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Assumpció Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miguel Chillón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
- Unitat Producció de Vectors (UPV), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Naeeni B, Taha MF, Emami Aleagha MS, Allameh A. The expression of anti-aging protein Klotho is increased during neural differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:243-253. [PMID: 36705065 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Klotho, as an antiaging protein, is involved in the maintenance and differentiation of neuronal or glial cells and, therefore, has been noticed as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. Expression of Klotho has been examined in different cells and organs, however, our information about the developmental pattern of this protein during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuron-like cells is limited. In this study, we conducted neural differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived-MSCs and monitored the expression of Klotho together with selected neuron-specific genes at messenger RNA (mRNA) on days 7 and 14 of differentiation using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, Klotho status at protein level was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The results showed a significant change in the morphology of MSCs towards neuron-like cells. These changes were observed with progressive growth and formation of cell connections towards the formation of a chain of neuron-like cells which occurred in the second week of differentiation. Morphological changes were associated with a significant increase in the expression of neuron-specific genes like pax-6, neuN and, neurofilaments (NfL). Likewise, there was an increased expression of Klotho mRNA, and accumulation of Klotho protein in neuronal cell bodies, during the cellular differentiation of MSCs. These findings provided new evidence that neuronal differentiation from the MSCs is associated with increased expression of Klotho. These data may provide insight into the importance of Klotho protein in stem cell differentiation and regeneration in response to cell death in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Naeeni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fakhr Taha
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Linghui D, Simin Y, Zilong Z, Yuxiao L, Shi Q, Birong D. The relationship between serum klotho and cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1053390. [PMID: 36819720 PMCID: PMC9932504 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1053390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aging is the primary risk factor for cognitive decline. Serum klotho, as an anti-aging protein, may be involved in cognitive decline. Thus, we aim to explorer the correlation between serum klotho and cognitive performance among an older adult population in the United States. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using data from NHANES 2011-2014. Serum klotho was analyzed by ELISA. Cognitive function was measured by Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) score. The relationship between serum klotho and cognition was analyzed by a multivariable regression model. Results A total of 2,171 participants aged 60-79 years were included. Median serum klotho concentration was 851.52 pg./ml (SD = 294.07). We also categorized serum klotho concentrates into quartiles. After fully adjusting pertinent variables, compared to those with lowest klotho levels (206.3-658.4 pg./ml), individuals with highest klotho concentrates (983.3-3,456 pg./ml) had a higher CERAD score [β (95%CI): 0.97 (0.25, 1.69) p = 0.008] and DSST score [β (95%CI): 1.86 (0.25, 3.47), p = 0.024]. Conclusion Our findings indicated that, among the general population of American older adults, serum klotho concentrates may serve as a marker of cognitive health. The benefits of klotho on aging process and neurodegenerative disorders should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Linghui
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Simin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Zilong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yuxiao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Qiu Shi, ✉
| | - Dong Birong
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Dong Birong, ✉
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30
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Birdi A, Tomo S, Yadav D, Sharma P, Nebhinani N, Mitra P, Banerjee M, Purohit P. Role of Klotho Protein in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:13-21. [PMID: 36684492 PMCID: PMC9852376 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are comprised of diseases having both the neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The increasing burden of the disease on the population worldwide makes it necessary to adopt measures to decrease the prevalence. The Klotho is a single pass transmembrane protein that decreases with age, has been associated with various pathological diseases, like reduced bone mineral density, cardiac problems and cognitive impairment. However, multiple studies have explored its role in different neuropsychiatric disorders. A comprehensive search was undertaken in the Pubmed database for articles with the keywords "Klotho" and "neuropsychiatric disorders". The available literature, based on the above search strategy, has been compiled in this brief narrative review to describe the emerging role of Klotho in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The Klotho levels were decreased in various neuropsychiatric disorders except for bipolar disorder. A suppressed Klotho protein levels induced oxidative stress and incited pro-inflammatory conditions significantly contributing to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorder. The increasing evidence of altered Klotho protein levels in cognition-decrement-related disorders warrants its consideration as a biomarker in various neuropsychiatric diseases. However, further evidence is required to understand its role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Birdi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Naresh Nebhinani
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
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31
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Luthra NS, Clow A, Corcos DM. The Interrelated Multifactorial Actions of Cortisol and Klotho: Potential Implications in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1695. [PMID: 36552155 PMCID: PMC9775285 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex, multilayered, and not fully understood, resulting in a lack of effective disease-modifying treatments for this prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Symptoms of PD are heterogenous, including motor impairment as well as non-motor symptoms such as depression, cognitive impairment, and circadian disruption. Aging and stress are important risk factors for PD, leading us to explore pathways that may either accelerate or protect against cellular aging and the detrimental effects of stress. Cortisol is a much-studied hormone that can disrupt mitochondrial function and increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are recognized as key underlying disease mechanisms in PD. The more recently discovered klotho protein, considered a general aging-suppressor, has a similarly wide range of actions but in the opposite direction to cortisol: promoting mitochondrial function while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Both hormones also converge on pathways of vitamin D metabolism and insulin resistance, also implicated to play a role in PD. Interestingly, aging, stress and PD associate with an increase in cortisol and decrease in klotho, while physical exercise and certain genetic variations lead to a decrease in cortisol response and increased klotho. Here, we review the interrelated opposite actions of cortisol and klotho in the pathogenesis of PD. Together they impact powerful and divergent mechanisms that may go on to influence PD-related symptoms. Better understanding of these hormones in PD would facilitate the design of effective interventions that can simultaneously impact the multiple systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94127, USA
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
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32
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Driscoll I, Ma Y, Lose SR, Gallagher CL, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. AD-associated CSF biomolecular changes are attenuated in KL-VS heterozygotes. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12383. [PMID: 36505396 PMCID: PMC9728548 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dementia as an inevitable aging consequence has been challenged and underscores the need for investigations of the factors that confer resilience. We examine whether the functionally advantageous KL-VS variant of the putative aging suppressor KLOTHO gene attenuates age-related cognitive decline and deleterious biomolecular changes. Methods Trajectories of change in memory and executive function (N = 360; 2-12 visits) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers-amyloid beta (Aβ)42, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) (N = 112; 2-4 samplings)-were compared between KL-VS non-carriers and heterozygotes in middle-aged and older adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center studies. Results Memory and executive function declined (p's≤ 0.001) and CSF t-tau, p-tau, t-tau/Aβ42, and p-tau/Aβ42 levels increased (all p's≤ 0.004) with age. The rate of p-tau accumulation was attenuated for KL-VS heterozygotes (p = 0.03). Discussion KL-VS heterozygosity may confer resilience to AD-associated biomolecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sarah R. Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Departments of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Abraham CR, Li A. Aging-suppressor Klotho: Prospects in diagnostics and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101766. [PMID: 36283617 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protein Klotho (KL) was first discovered in KL-deficient mice, which developed a syndrome similar to premature aging in humans. Since then, KL has been implicated in multiple molecular signaling pathways and diseases. KL has been shown to have anti-aging, healthspan and lifespan extending, cognitive enhancing, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. KL levels decrease with age and in many diseases. Therefore, it has been of great interest to develop a KL-boosting or restoring drug, or to supplement endogenous Klotho with exogenous Klotho genetic material or recombinant Klotho protein, and to use KL levels in the body as a marker for the efficacy of such drugs and as a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of diseases. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of KL levels across age groups in individuals who are healthy or have certain health conditions, using four sources: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and whole biopsy/necropsy tissue. By doing so, baseline KL levels can be identified across the lifespan, in the absence or presence of disease. In turn, these findings can be used to guide the development of future KL-based therapeutics and biomarkers, which will heavily rely on an individual's baseline KL range to be efficacious. METHODS A total of 65 studies were collected primarily using the PubMed database. Research articles that were published up to April 2022 were included. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio. RESULTS Mean and median blood KL levels in healthy individuals, mean blood KL levels in individuals with renal conditions, and mean blood KL levels in individuals with metabolic or endocrine conditions were shown to decrease with age. Similarly, CSF KL levels in patients with AD also declined compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the trend that KL levels in blood decrease with age in humans, among those who are healthy, and even further among those with renal and endocrine/metabolic illnesses. Further, by drawing this trend from multiple published works, we were able to provide a general idea of baseline KL ranges, specifically in blood in these populations. These data add to the current knowledge on normal KL levels in the body and how they change with time and in disease, and can potentially support efforts to create KL-based treatments and screening tools to better manage aging, renal, and metabolic/endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Anne Li
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Grøntvedt GR, Sando SB, Lauridsen C, Bråthen G, White LR, Salvesen Ø, Aarsland D, Hessen E, Fladby T, Waterloo K, Scheffler K. Association of Klotho Protein Levels and KL-VS Heterozygosity With Alzheimer Disease and Amyloid and Tau Burden. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2243232. [PMID: 36413367 PMCID: PMC9682425 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Identification of proteins and genetic factors that reduce Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology is of importance when searching for novel AD treatments. Heterozygosity of the KL-VS haplotype has been associated with reduced amyloid and tau burden. Whether this association is mediated by the Klotho protein remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess concentrations of Klotho in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma among cognitively healthy controls and patients with AD and to correlate these findings with KL-VS heterozygosity status and amyloid and tau burden. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study combined 2 independent case-control AD cohorts consisting of 243 referred patients with AD and volunteer controls recruited from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Klotho levels were measured in CSF and plasma and correlated with KL-VS heterozygosity status and levels of CSF amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau. Statistical analysis was performed from January 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Associations of Klotho levels in CSF and plasma with levels of CSF biomarkers were analyzed using linear regression. Association analyses were stratified separately by clinical groups, APOE4 status, and KL-VS heterozygosity. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between CSF and plasma Klotho levels. RESULTS A total of 243 participants were included: 117 controls (45 men [38.5%]; median age, 65 years [range, 41-84 years]), 102 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (AD-MCI; 59 men [57.8%]; median age, 66 years [range, 46-80 years]), and 24 patients with dementia due to AD (AD-dementia; 12 men [50.0%]; median age, 64.5 years [range, 54-75 years]). Median CSF Klotho levels were higher in controls (1236.4 pg/mL [range, 20.4-1726.3 pg/mL]; β = 0.103; 95% CI, 0.023-0.183; P = .01) and patients with AD-MCI (1188.1 pg/mL [range, 756.3-1810.3 pg/mL]; β = 0.095; 95% CI, 0.018-0.172; P = .02) compared with patients with AD-dementia (1073.3 pg/mL [range, 698.2-1661.4 pg/mL]). Higher levels of CSF Klotho were associated with lower CSF Aβ42 burden (β = 0.519; 95% CI, 0.201-0.836; P < .001) and tau burden (CSF total tau levels: β = -0.884; 95% CI, 0.223 to -0.395; P < .001; CSF phosphorylated tau levels: β = -0.672; 95% CI, -1.022 to -0.321; P < .001) independent of clinical, KL-VS heterozygosity, or APOE4 status. There was a weak correlation between Klotho CSF and plasma levels among the entire cohort (Pearson correlation r = 0.377; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this case-control study suggest that Klotho protein levels were associated with clinical stages of AD, cognitive decline, and amyloid and tau burden and that these outcomes were more clearly mediated by the protein directly rather than the KL-VS heterozygosity variant. When selecting individuals at risk for clinical trials, the Klotho protein level and not only the genetic profile should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Lauridsen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda R. White
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
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Hirschfeld LR, Risacher SL, Nho K, Saykin AJ. Myelin repair in Alzheimer's disease: a review of biological pathways and potential therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 36284351 PMCID: PMC9598036 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review investigates the significant overlap between myelin-repair signaling pathways and pathways known to contribute to hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discuss previously investigated therapeutic targets of amyloid, tau, and ApoE, as well as other potential therapeutic targets that have been empirically shown to contribute to both remyelination and progression of AD. Current evidence shows that there are multiple AD-relevant pathways which overlap significantly with remyelination and myelin repair through the encouragement of oligodendrocyte proliferation, maturation, and myelin production. There is a present need for a single, cohesive model of myelin homeostasis in AD. While determining a causative pathway is beyond the scope of this review, it may be possible to investigate the pathological overlap of myelin repair and AD through therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rose Hirschfeld
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Patterson CG, Joslin E, Gil AB, Spigle W, Nemet T, Chahine L, Christiansen CL, Melanson E, Kohrt WM, Mancini M, Josbeno D, Balfany K, Griffith G, Dunlap MK, Lamotte G, Suttman E, Larson D, Branson C, McKee KE, Goelz L, Poon C, Tilley B, Kang UJ, Tansey MG, Luthra N, Tanner CM, Haus JM, Fantuzzi G, McFarland NR, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Foroud T, Motl R, Schwarzschild MA, Simuni T, Marek K, Naito A, Lungu C, Corcos DM. Study in Parkinson's disease of exercise phase 3 (SPARX3): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:855. [PMID: 36203214 PMCID: PMC9535216 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no medication has slowed the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Preclinical, epidemiological, and experimental data on humans all support many benefits of endurance exercise among persons with PD. The key question is whether there is a definitive additional benefit of exercising at high intensity, in terms of slowing disease progression, beyond the well-documented benefit of endurance training on a treadmill for fitness, gait, and functional mobility. This study will determine the efficacy of high-intensity endurance exercise as first-line therapy for persons diagnosed with PD within 3 years, and untreated with symptomatic therapy at baseline. METHODS This is a multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded study of endurance exercise training. The exercise intervention will be delivered by treadmill at 2 doses over 18 months: moderate intensity (4 days/week for 30 min per session at 60-65% maximum heart rate) and high intensity (4 days/week for 30 min per session at 80-85% maximum heart rate). We will randomize 370 participants and follow them at multiple time points for 24 months. The primary outcome is the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) motor score (Part III) with the primary analysis assessing the change in MDS-UPDRS motor score (Part III) over 12 months, or until initiation of symptomatic antiparkinsonian treatment if before 12 months. Secondary outcomes are striatal dopamine transporter binding, 6-min walk distance, number of daily steps, cognitive function, physical fitness, quality of life, time to initiate dopaminergic medication, circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Tertiary outcomes are walking stride length and turning velocity. DISCUSSION SPARX3 is a Phase 3 clinical trial designed to determine the efficacy of high-intensity, endurance treadmill exercise to slow the progression of PD as measured by the MDS-UPDRS motor score. Establishing whether high-intensity endurance treadmill exercise can slow the progression of PD would mark a significant breakthrough in treating PD. It would have a meaningful impact on the quality of life of people with PD, their caregivers and public health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04284436 . Registered on February 25, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity G. Patterson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Elizabeth Joslin
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Science, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1100, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60305 USA
| | - Alexandra B. Gil
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Wendy Spigle
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Todd Nemet
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Lana Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Cory L. Christiansen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80217 USA
| | - Ed Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, CO USA
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VAMC, Aurora, USA
| | - Martina Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Road, Portland, OR 97219 USA
| | - Deborah Josbeno
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Katherine Balfany
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80217 USA
| | - Garett Griffith
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Science, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1100, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60305 USA
| | - Mac Kenzie Dunlap
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Guillaume Lamotte
- Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 Medical Dr N, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA
| | - Erin Suttman
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA
| | - Danielle Larson
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Suite 115, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Chantale Branson
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
| | - Kathleen E. McKee
- Neurosciences Clinical Program, Intermountain Healthcare, 5171 S Cottonwood Street, Suite 810, Murray, UT 84107 USA
| | - Li Goelz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, UIC College of Applied Health Sciences, 919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Cynthia Poon
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Suite 115, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Barbara Tilley
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street E835, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Un Jung Kang
- NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30th Street, Science Building 1305, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 4911 Newell Road, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Nijee Luthra
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Caroline M. Tanner
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, UIC College of Applied Health Sciences, 919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Nikolaus R. McFarland
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Suite 115, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46220 USA
| | - Robert Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, UIC College of Applied Health Sciences, 919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Michael A. Schwarzschild
- Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rm 3002, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Suite 115, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 60 Temple St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Anna Naito
- Parkinson’s Foundation 200 SE 1st Street Suite 800, Miami, FL 33131 USA
| | - Codrin Lungu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, 6001 Executive Blvd, #2188, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Science, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1100, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60305 USA
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Cai Y, Hu J, He M. KL-FGF23-VD Axis in Improving Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease by Modulating IKK/NF- κB Signal Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3100621. [PMID: 36118087 PMCID: PMC9481392 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Materials and Methods LOAD rats and Aβ microglia were constructed by using Aβ 1-40 and IBO mixture. The effect of KL-FGF23-VD axis on LOAD was investigated by transfecting overexpressing and interfering with KL gene adenovirus, and IKK-16 was added to Aβ microglia to explore the effect of KL-FGF23-VD axis on regulation of IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Results The results showed that, in KL-OE group, FGF23 was decreased in the hippocampus of LOAD rats compared with control and KL-si, and the trend was opposite in the KL-si group. The KL-FGF23-VD axis can alleviate inflammatory response, reduce the deposition of Aβ, and inhibit activation of the NF-κB pathway and neuron apoptosis in brain tissue of LOAD rats. In Aβ microglia, the expression of KL-FGF23-VD axis was consistent with animal experiments. The KL-FGF23-VD axis can inhibit the expression of Aβ microglia inflammatory factors and the activation of microglia and NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, IKK expression was decreased in KL-OE group compared with KL-si and Control. In the IKK-16 addition group, the ability of KL-FGF23-VD axis to inhibit the activation of microglia and NF-κB pathway was enhanced. Conclusions These findings suggest a potential role of the KL-FGF23-VD axis in AD treatment by regulating the IKK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Mingjie He
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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Meshchaninov VN, Tsyvian PB, Myakotnykh VS, Kovtun OP, Shcherbakov DL, Blagodareva MS. Ontogenetic Principles of Accelerated Aging and the Prospects for Its Prevention and Treatment. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057022030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Life extension factor klotho regulates behavioral responses to stress via modulation of GluN2B function in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1710-1720. [PMID: 35449449 PMCID: PMC9283408 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a life extension factor that has the ability to regulate the function of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), whose dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) underlies critical aspects of the pathophysiology of major depression. Here, we study the functional relevance of klotho in the pathogenesis of depression. A chronic social defeat stress paradigm, in which mice are categorized as either susceptible or unsusceptible based on their performance in a social interaction test, was used in this study. We found that the expression of klotho was largely decreased in the NAc of susceptible mice compared to control or unsusceptible mice. Genetic knockdown of klotho in the NAc induced behavioral alterations relevant to depression in naive mice, while overexpression of klotho produced an antidepressive effect in normal mice and ameliorated the behavioral responses to stress in susceptible mice. Molecularly, knockdown of klotho in the NAc resulted in selective decreases in total and synaptic GluN2B expression that were identical to those in susceptible mice. Elevation of klotho in the NAc reversed the reductions in GluN2B expressions and altered synaptic transmission and spine density in the NAc of susceptible mice. Furthermore, blockade of GluN2B with a specific antagonist abolished the beneficial effects of klotho elevation in susceptible mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that klotho in the NAc modulates behavioral responses to stress by regulating the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These results reveal a novel role for klotho in the pathogenesis of depression, providing new insights into the molecular basis of major depression.
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Kline C, Stoller S, Byer L, Samuel D, Lupo JM, Morrison MA, Rauschecker AM, Nedelec P, Faig W, Dubal DB, Fullerton HJ, Mueller S. An Integrated Analysis of Clinical, Genomic, and Imaging Features Reveals Predictors of Neurocognitive Outcomes in a Longitudinal Cohort of Pediatric Cancer Survivors, Enriched with CNS Tumors (Rad ART Pro). Front Oncol 2022; 12:874317. [PMID: 35814456 PMCID: PMC9259981 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurocognitive deficits in pediatric cancer survivors occur frequently; however, individual outcomes are unpredictable. We investigate clinical, genetic, and imaging predictors of neurocognition in pediatric cancer survivors, with a focus on survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors exposed to radiation. Methods One hundred eighteen patients with benign or malignant cancers (median diagnosis age: 7; 32% embryonal CNS tumors) were selected from an existing multi-institutional cohort (RadART Pro) if they had: 1) neurocognitive evaluation; 2) available DNA; 3) standard imaging. Utilizing RadART Pro, we collected clinical history, genomic sequencing, CNS imaging, and neurocognitive outcomes. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping for candidate genes associated with neurocognition: COMT, BDNF, KIBRA, APOE, KLOTHO. Longitudinal neurocognitive testing were performed using validated computer-based CogState batteries. The imaging cohort was made of patients with available iron-sensitive (n = 28) and/or T2 FLAIR (n = 41) sequences. Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) were identified using a semi-automated algorithm. Volume of T2 FLAIR white matter lesions (WML) was measured using an automated method based on a convolutional neural network. Summary statistics were performed for patient characteristics, neurocognitive assessments, and imaging. Linear mixed effects and hierarchical models assessed patient characteristics and SNP relationship with neurocognition over time. Nested case-control analysis was performed to compare candidate gene carriers to non-carriers. Results CMB presence at baseline correlated with worse performance in 3 of 7 domains, including executive function. Higher baseline WML volumes correlated with worse performance in executive function and verbal learning. No candidate gene reliably predicted neurocognitive outcomes; however, APOE ϵ4 carriers trended toward worse neurocognitive function over time compared to other candidate genes and carried the highest odds of low neurocognitive performance across all domains (odds ratio 2.85, P=0.002). Hydrocephalus and seizures at diagnosis were the clinical characteristics most frequently associated with worse performance in neurocognitive domains (5 of 7 domains). Overall, executive function and verbal learning were the most frequently negatively impacted neurocognitive domains. Conclusion Presence of CMB, APOE ϵ4 carrier status, hydrocephalus, and seizures correlate with worse neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric cancer survivors, enriched with CNS tumors exposed to radiation. Ongoing research is underway to verify trends in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Schuyler Stoller
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lennox Byer
- UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - David Samuel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Valley Children’s Hospital, Madera, CA, United States
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Melanie A. Morrison
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Andreas M. Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Pierre Nedelec
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Walter Faig
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Heather J. Fullerton
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sabine Mueller,
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Ali M, Sung YJ, Wang F, Fernández MV, Morris JC, Fagan AM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Heslegrave A, Johansson PM, Svensson J, Nellgård B, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Clarimon J, Rami L, Molinuevo JL, Suárez-Calvet M, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Kleinberger G, Haass C, Ewers M, Levin J, Farlow MR, Perrin RJ, Cruchaga C. Leveraging large multi-center cohorts of Alzheimer disease endophenotypes to understand the role of Klotho heterozygosity on disease risk. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267298. [PMID: 35617280 PMCID: PMC9135221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two genetic variants in strong linkage disequilibrium (rs9536314 and rs9527025) in the Klotho (KL) gene, encoding a transmembrane protein, implicated in longevity and associated with brain resilience during normal aging, were recently shown to be associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk in cognitively normal participants who are APOE ε4 carriers. Specifically, the participants heterozygous for this variant (KL-SVHET+) showed lower risk of developing AD. Furthermore, a neuroprotective effect of KL-VSHET+ has been suggested against amyloid burden for cognitively normal participants, potentially mediated via the regulation of redox pathways. However, inconsistent associations and a smaller sample size of existing studies pose significant hurdles in drawing definitive conclusions. Here, we performed a well-powered association analysis between KL-VSHET+ and five different AD endophenotypes; brain amyloidosis measured by positron emission tomography (PET) scans (n = 5,541) or cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 levels (CSF; n = 5,093), as well as biomarkers associated with tau pathology: the CSF Tau (n = 5,127), phosphorylated Tau (pTau181; n = 4,778) and inflammation: CSF soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2; n = 2,123) levels. Our results found nominally significant associations of KL-VSHET+ status with biomarkers for brain amyloidosis (e.g., CSF Aβ positivity; odds ratio [OR] = 0.67 [95% CI, 0.55-0.78], β = 0.72, p = 0.007) and tau pathology (e.g., biomarker positivity for CSF Tau; OR = 0.39 [95% CI, 0.19-0.77], β = -0.94, p = 0.007, and pTau; OR = 0.50 [95% CI, 0.27-0.96], β = -0.68, p = 0.04) in cognitively normal participants, 60-80 years old, who are APOE e4-carriers. Our work supports previous findings, suggesting that the KL-VSHET+ on an APOE ε4 genotype background may modulate Aβ and tau pathology, thereby lowering the intensity of neurodegeneration and incidence of cognitive decline in older controls susceptible to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maria V. Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per M. Johansson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nellgård
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- IDIBAPS, Alzheimer´s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- IDIBAPS, Alzheimer´s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer´s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic i Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Gupta S, Moreno AJ, Wang D, Leon J, Chen C, Hahn O, Poon Y, Greenberg K, David N, Wyss-Coray T, Raftery D, Promislow DEL, Dubal DB. KL1 Domain of Longevity Factor Klotho Mimics the Metabolome of Cognitive Stimulation and Enhances Cognition in Young and Aging Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4016-4025. [PMID: 35428698 PMCID: PMC9097772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2458-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a major biomedical challenge-and engagement of the brain in stimulating tasks improves cognition in aged individuals (Wilson et al., 2002; Gates et al., 2011) and rodents (Aidil-Carvalho et al., 2017), through unknown mechanisms. Whether cognitive stimulation alters specific metabolic pathways in the brain is unknown. Understanding which metabolic processes are involved in cognitive stimulation is important because it could lead to pharmacologic intervention that promotes biological effects of a beneficial behavior, toward the goal of effective medical treatments for cognitive deficits. Here we show using male mice that cognitive stimulation induced metabolic remodeling of the mouse hippocampus, and that pharmacologic treatment with the longevity hormone α-klotho (KL), mediated by its KL1 domain, partially mimicked this alteration. The shared, metabolic signature shared between cognitive stimulation and treatment with KL or KL1 closely correlated with individual mouse cognitive performance, indicating a link between metabolite levels and learning and memory. Importantly, the treatment of mice with KL1, an endogenous circulating factor that more closely mimicked cognitive stimulation than KL, acutely increased synaptic plasticity, a substrate of cognition. KL1 also improved cognition, itself, in young mice and countered deficits in old mice. Our data show that treatments or interventions mimicking the hippocampal metabolome of cognitive stimulation can enhance brain functions. Further, we identify the specific domain by which klotho promotes brain functions, through KL1, a metabolic mimic of cognitive stimulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cognitive deficits are a major biomedical challenge without truly effective pharmacologic treatments. Engaging the brain through cognitive tasks benefits cognition. Mimicking the effects of such beneficial behaviors through pharmacological treatment represents a highly valuable medical approach to treating cognitive deficits. We demonstrate that brain engagement through cognitive stimulation induces metabolic remodeling of the hippocampus that was acutely recapitulated by the longevity factor klotho, mediated by its KL1 domain. Treatment with KL1, a close mimic of cognitive stimulation, enhanced cognition and countered cognitive aging. Our findings shed light on how cognition metabolically alters the brain and provide a plausible therapeutic intervention for mimicking these alterations that, in turn, improves cognition in the young and aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gupta
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Arturo J Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Julio Leon
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5101
| | - Yan Poon
- Unity Biotechnology, Inc, South San Francisco 94080
| | | | | | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5101
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California 94304-1207
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5235
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5235
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4714
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-7470
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
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Neuner SM, Telpoukhovskaia M, Menon V, O'Connell KMS, Hohman TJ, Kaczorowski CC. Translational approaches to understanding resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:369-383. [PMID: 35307206 PMCID: PMC9035083 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who maintain cognitive function despite high levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated pathology are said to be 'resilient' to AD. Identifying mechanisms underlying resilience represents an exciting therapeutic opportunity. Human studies have identified a number of molecular and genetic factors associated with resilience, but the complexity of these cohorts prohibits a complete understanding of which factors are causal or simply correlated with resilience. Genetically and phenotypically diverse mouse models of AD provide new and translationally relevant opportunities to identify and prioritize new resilience mechanisms for further cross-species investigation. This review will discuss insights into resilience gained from both human and animal studies and highlight future approaches that may help translate these insights into therapeutics designed to prevent or delay AD-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Neuner
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kristen M S O'Connell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University, School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA; The University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catherine C Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University, School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA; The University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Roig‐Soriano J, Griñán‐Ferré C, Espinosa‐Parrilla JF, Abraham CR, Bosch A, Pallàs M, Chillón M. AAV-mediated expression of secreted and transmembrane αKlotho isoforms rescues relevant aging hallmarks in senescent SAMP8 mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13581. [PMID: 35274439 PMCID: PMC9009104 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence represents a stage in life associated with elevated incidence of morbidity and increased risk of mortality due to the accumulation of molecular alterations and tissue dysfunction, promoting a decrease in the organism's protective systems. Thus, aging presents molecular and biological hallmarks, which include chronic inflammation, epigenetic alterations, neuronal dysfunction, and worsening of physical status. In this context, we explored the AAV9-mediated expression of the two main isoforms of the aging-protective factor Klotho (KL) as a strategy to prevent these general age-related features using the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. Both secreted and transmembrane KL isoforms improved cognitive performance, physical state parameters, and different molecular variables associated with aging. Epigenetic landscape was recovered for the analyzed global markers DNA methylation (5-mC), hydroxymethylation (5-hmC), and restoration occurred in the acetylation levels of H3 and H4. Gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in central nervous system such as TNF-α and IL-10, respectively, had improved levels, which were comparable to the senescence-accelerated-mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) healthy control. Additionally, this improvement in neuroinflammation was supported by changes in the histological markers Iba1, GFAP, and SA β-gal. Furthermore, bone tissue structural variables, especially altered during senescence, recovered in SAMP8 mice to SAMR1 control values after treatment with both KL isoforms. This work presents evidence of the beneficial pleiotropic role of Klotho as an anti-aging therapy as well as new specific functions of the KL isoforms for the epigenetic regulation and aged bone structure alteration in an aging mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Roig‐Soriano
- Institut de Neurociènces (INc) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - C. Griñán‐Ferré
- Pharmacology Section Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institut de Neurosciències‐Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB) Barcelona Spain
| | - J. F. Espinosa‐Parrilla
- Institut de Neurociènces (INc) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - C. R. Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - A. Bosch
- Institut de Neurociènces (INc) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Barcelona Spain
- Unitat producció de Vectors (UPV) Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - M. Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institut de Neurosciències‐Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Chillón
- Institut de Neurociènces (INc) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Barcelona Spain
- Unitat producció de Vectors (UPV) Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Passeig Lluis Companys Barcelona Spain
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Regulation of Aging and Longevity by Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071180. [PMID: 35406743 PMCID: PMC8997527 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie age-related physiological decline, our ability to translate these insights into actionable strategies to extend human healthspan has been limited. One of the major reasons for the existence of this barrier is that with a few important exceptions, many of the proteins that mediate aging have proven to be undruggable. The argument put forth here is that the amenability of ion channels and transporters to pharmacological manipulation could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat aging. This review delves into the established roles for ion channels and transporters in the regulation of aging and longevity via their influence on membrane excitability, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial and endolysosomal function, and the transduction of sensory stimuli. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of emergent themes, and prompt further investigation into how the activities of ion channels and transporters sculpt the trajectories of cellular and organismal aging.
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Fung TY, Iyaswamy A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Krishnamoorthi S, Guan XJ, Zhu Z, Su CF, Liu J, Kan Y, Zhang Y, Wong HLX, Li M. Klotho an Autophagy Stimulator as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030705. [PMID: 35327507 PMCID: PMC8945569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease; it is the most common cause of senile dementia. Klotho, a single-pass transmembrane protein primarily generated in the brain and kidney, is active in a variety of metabolic pathways involved in controlling neurodegeneration and ageing. Recently, many studies have found that the upregulation of Klotho can improve pathological cognitive deficits in an AD mice model and have demonstrated that Klotho plays a role in the induction of autophagy, a major contributing factor for AD. Despite the close association between Klotho and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, the underlying mechanism by which Klotho contributes to AD remains poorly understood. In this paper, we will introduce the expression, location and structure of Klotho and its biological functions. Specifically, this review is devoted to the correlation of Klotho protein and the AD phenotype, such as the effect of Klotho in upregulating the amyloid-beta clearance and in inducing autophagy for the clearance of toxic proteins, by regulating the autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP). In summary, the results of multiple studies point out that targeting Klotho would be a potential therapeutic strategy in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Yan Fung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
| | - Sravan G. Sreenivasmurthy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Centre for Trans-Disciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuxuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518025, China;
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
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Zheng Y, Ji B, Chen S, Zhou R, Ni R. The impact of uremic toxins on Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:104-118. [PMID: 35048807 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220120113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, pathologically characterized by accumulation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in elderly population closely associated with occurrence of dementia. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a potential association of CKD with AD. Both diseases share a panel of identical risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes; and hypertension. However, the relationship between CKD and AD is unclear. Lower clearance of a panel of uremic toxin including cystatin-C, guanidine, and adiponectin due to CKD is implied to contribute to AD pathogenesis. In this review we summarize the current evidence from epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies on the potential contribution of uremic toxins to AD pathogenesis. We describe outstanding questions and propose an outlook on the link between uremic toxins and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
An increasing amount of very diverse scholarship self-identifies as belonging to the field of neuroethics, illuminating a need to provide some reference points for what that field actually entails. We argue that neuroethics is a single field with distinct perspectives, roles, and subspecialties. We propose that-in addition to the three traditional perspectives delineated by Eric Racine-a fourth, socio-political perspective, must be recognized in neuroethics. The socio-political perspective in neuroethics focuses on the interplay between the behavioral as well as the brain sciences and the socio-political system; this interplay includes social regulation in addition to all other realistic elements of social and political neurodiscourses. Thus, defining what-if any-roles the socio-political perspective in neuroethics might have is a pressing issue. Doing so could provide guidance for defining the criteria for prospective ethical evaluations in neuroethics. A promising approach to doing this could be by describing the roles of neuroethics in terms of the more concrete examples of the roles of political philosophy in general, as in the tradition of John Rawls. We take klotho, the supposed "longevity protein," as a modern neuroethics case to exemplify the obstacles faced in securing neuroethics' legitimacy and how the Rawlsian framework we propose may be applied to handle cases such as this. Ultimately, the socio-political perspective in neuroethics should not be swayed by the media hype and ought to offer useful ethical guidance and articulation of genuine ethical concerns to policy makers and the public alike.
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Gaitán JM, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Johnson SC, Sager MA, Wang D, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. Circulating Klotho Is Higher in Cerebrospinal Fluid than Serum and Elevated Among KLOTHO Heterozygotes in a Cohort with Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1557-1569. [PMID: 36314202 PMCID: PMC10139824 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is a longevity and neuroprotective hormone encoded by the KLOTHO gene, and heterozygosity for the KL-VS variant confers a protective effect against neurodegenerative disease. OBJECTIVE Test whether klotho concentrations in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vary as a function of KLOTHO KL-VS genotype, determine whether circulating klotho concentrations from serum and CSF differ from one another, and evaluate whether klotho levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors. METHODS Circulating klotho was measured in serum (n = 1,116) and CSF (n = 183) of cognitively intact participants (aged 62.4 ± 6.5 years; 69.5% female). KLOTHO KL-VS zygosity (non-carrier; heterozygote; homozygote) was also determined. Linear regression was used to test whether klotho hormone concentration varied as a function of KL-VS genotype, specimen source, and demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Serum and CSF klotho were higher in KL-VS carriers than non-carriers. Klotho concentration was higher in CSF than in serum. Females had higher serum and CSF klotho, while younger age was associated with higher klotho in CSF. CONCLUSION In a cohort enriched for risk for Alzheimer's disease, heterozygotic and homozygotic carriers of the KL-VS allele, females, and younger individuals have higher circulating klotho. Fluid source, KL-VS genotype, age, and sex should be considered in analyses of circulating klotho on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 707, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Kundu P, Zimmerman B, Quinn JF, Kaye J, Mattek N, Westaway SK, Raber J. Serum Levels of α-Klotho Are Correlated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels and Predict Measures of Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1471-1481. [PMID: 35213382 PMCID: PMC9108571 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-klotho might play a role in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine levels of α-klotho and apoE in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and their relationship with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). METHODS All subjects were between age 39 to 83+ (n = 94). CDR and MMSE were administered to all participants. CSF was collected in the early afternoon by lumbar puncture. RESULTS Serum and CSF levels of α-klotho are positively correlated and both predict scores on the MMSE and CDR, regardless of sex or apoE4 status. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that α-klotho may be an important biomarker of cognitive health and neurodegeneration, and that relatively non-invasive sampling of α-klotho from serum is likely highly reflective of CSF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Kundu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shawn K. Westaway
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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