1
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Guo YY, Wang X, Liu F, Zhang J, Wang SS, Zhao X, Wang Z, Xu D. Adjustments in energy metabolism of brown adipose tissue in heat-acclimated Kunming mice. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:111000. [PMID: 38879151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents decreases with prolonged heat exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Kunming mice were acclimated at 23 ± 1 °C and 33 ± 1 °C for four weeks each to examine the body heat balance and BAT alterations. Results showed that heat-acclimated Kunming mice exhibited reduced body mass and elevated body temperature. Additionally, they displayed lower resting metabolic rates, diminished non-shivering thermogenesis, and reduced BAT thermogenic function. Metabolically, there was a significant reduction in several key metabolites involved in energy metabolism in BAT, including thiamine pyrophosphate, citric acid, cis-Aconitate, isocitric acid, oxoglutaric acid, succinate, fumarate, L-Malic acid, oxaloacetate, flavin mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. These findings suggest that BAT adapts to heat acclimation by regulating pathways related to pyruvate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, which may help maintain thermal homeostasis in Kunming mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Qufu Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Deli Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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2
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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3
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Lékó AH, Gregory-Flores A, Marchette RCN, Gomez JL, Vendruscolo JCM, Repunte-Canonigo V, Choung V, Deschaine SL, Whiting KE, Jackson SN, Cornejo MP, Perello M, You ZB, Eckhaus M, Rasineni K, Janda KD, Zorman B, Sumazin P, Koob GF, Michaelides M, Sanna PP, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet. Commun Biol 2024; 7:632. [PMID: 38796563 PMCID: PMC11127961 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin regulates essential physiological functions. The ghrelin receptor (GHSR) has ligand-independent actions; therefore, GHSR gene deletion may be a reasonable approach to investigate the role of this system in feeding behaviors and diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we investigate the effects of a long-term (12-month) high-fat (HFD) versus regular diet on obesity-related measures in global GHSR-KO and wild-type (WT) Wistar male and female rats. Our main findings are that the GHSR gene deletion protects against DIO and decreases food intake during HFD in male but not in female rats. GHSR gene deletion increases thermogenesis and brain glucose uptake in male rats and modifies the effects of HFD on brain glucose metabolism in a sex-specific manner, as assessed with small animal positron emission tomography. We use RNA-sequencing to show that GHSR-KO rats have upregulated expression of genes responsible for fat oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Central administration of a novel GHSR inverse agonist, PF-5190457, attenuates ghrelin-induced food intake, but only in male, not in female mice. HFD-induced binge-like eating is reduced by inverse agonism in both sexes. Our results support GHSR as a promising target for new pharmacotherapies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- András H Lékó
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Gregory-Flores
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renata C N Marchette
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vicky Choung
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara L Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly E Whiting
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Translational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Paula Cornejo
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Pathology Service, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kim D Janda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barry Zorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pietro P Sanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
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4
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Michurina S, Agareva M, Zubkova E, Menshikov M, Stafeev I, Parfyonova Y. IL-4 activates the futile triacylglyceride cycle for glucose utilization in white adipocytes. Biochem J 2024; 481:329-344. [PMID: 38323641 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of cardiometabolic complications during obesity is strongly associated with chronic latent inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue (AT). IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, playing a protective role against insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and weight gain. The positive effects of IL-4 are associated not only with the activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells in AT, but also with the modulation of adipocyte metabolism. IL-4 is known to activate lipolysis and glucose uptake in adipocytes, but the precise regulatory mechanisms and physiological significance of these processes remain unclear. In this study, we detail IL-4 effects on glucose and triacylglycerides (TAGs) metabolism and propose mechanisms of IL-4 metabolic action in adipocytes. We have shown that IL-4 activates glucose oxidation, lipid droplet (LD) fragmentation, lipolysis and thermogenesis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that lipolysis was not accompanied by fatty acids (FAs) release from adipocytes, suggesting FA re-esterification. Moreover, glucose oxidation and thermogenesis stimulation depended on adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, but not the uncoupling protein (UCP1) expression. Based on these data, IL-4 may activate the futile TAG-FA cycle in adipocytes, which enhances the oxidative activity of cells and heat production. Thus, the positive effect of IL-4 on systemic metabolism can be the result of the activation of non-canonical thermogenic mechanism in AT, increasing TAG turnover and utilization of excessive glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Michurina
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Agareva
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zubkova
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iurii Stafeev
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov, 121552, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Benzi A, Heine M, Spinelli S, Salis A, Worthmann A, Diercks B, Astigiano C, Pérez Mato R, Memushaj A, Sturla L, Vellone V, Damonte G, Jaeckstein MY, Koch-Nolte F, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, De Flora A, Heeren J, Bruzzone S. The TRPM2 ion channel regulates metabolic and thermogenic adaptations in adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1251351. [PMID: 38390373 PMCID: PMC10882718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1251351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During thermogenesis, adipose tissue (AT) becomes more active and enhances oxidative metabolism. The promotion of this process in white AT (WAT) is called "browning" and, together with the brown AT (BAT) activation, is considered as a promising approach to counteract obesity and metabolic diseases. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2), is an ion channel that allows extracellular Ca2+ influx into the cytosol, and is gated by adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), produced from NAD+ degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of TRPM2 in the regulation of energy metabolism in BAT, WAT, and liver during thermogenesis. Methods Wild type (WT) and Trpm2-/- mice were exposed to 6°C and BAT, WAT and liver were collected to evaluate mRNA, protein levels and ADPR content. Furthermore, O2 consumption, CO2 production and energy expenditure were measured in these mice upon thermogenic stimulation. Finally, the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 was assessed in primary adipocytes, evaluating the response upon stimulation with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243. Results Trpm2-/- mice displayed lower expression of browning markers in AT and lower energy expenditure in response to thermogenic stimulus, compared to WT animals. Trpm2 gene overexpression was observed in WAT, BAT and liver upon cold exposure. In addition, ADPR levels and mono/poly-ADPR hydrolases expression were higher in mice exposed to cold, compared to control mice, likely mediating ADPR generation. Discussion Our data indicate TRPM2 as a fundamental player in BAT activation and WAT browning. TRPM2 agonists may represent new pharmacological strategies to fight obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Diercks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Astigiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Raúl Pérez Mato
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Adela Memushaj
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Valerio Vellone
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonio De Flora
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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6
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Haley JA, Jang C, Guertin DA. A new era of understanding in vivo metabolic flux in thermogenic adipocytes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102112. [PMID: 37703635 PMCID: PMC10840980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adaptive mechanism for maintaining body temperature in cold environments. BAT is critical in rodents and human infants and has substantial influence on adult human metabolism. Stimulating BAT therapeutically is also being investigated as a strategy against metabolic diseases because of its ability to function as a catabolic sink. Thus, understanding how brown adipocytes and the related brite/beige adipocytes use nutrients to fuel their demanding metabolism has both basic and translational implications. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and isotope tracing are improving the ability to study metabolic flux in vivo. Here, we review how such strategies are advancing our understanding of adipocyte thermogenesis and conclude with key future questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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7
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Sun X, Sui W, Mu Z, Xie S, Deng J, Li S, Seki T, Wu J, Jing X, He X, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Huang P, Ge M, Cao Y. Mirabegron displays anticancer effects by globally browning adipose tissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7610. [PMID: 37993438 PMCID: PMC10665320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in malignant cells is a hallmark of cancer that relies on augmented glycolytic metabolism to support their growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the impact of global adipose metabolism on tumor growth and the drug development by targeting adipose metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a therapeutic paradigm of drugs is effective for treating various cancer types by browning adipose tissues. Mirabegron, a clinically available drug for overactive bladders, displays potent anticancer effects in various animal cancer models, including untreatable cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, via the browning of adipose tissues. Genetic deletion of the uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein in adipose tissues, ablates the anticancer effect. Similarly, the removal of brown adipose tissue, which is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, attenuates the anticancer activity of mirabegron. These findings demonstrate that mirabegron represents a paradigm of anticancer drugs with a distinct mechanism for the effective treatment of multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Zepeng Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiu Deng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
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8
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Bornstein MR, Neinast MD, Zeng X, Chu Q, Axsom J, Thorsheim C, Li K, Blair MC, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Comprehensive quantification of metabolic flux during acute cold stress in mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2077-2092.e6. [PMID: 37802078 PMCID: PMC10840821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) is widely studied as a potential avenue to treat obesity, but a thorough understanding of the metabolic changes driving CIT is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the metabolic response to acute cold exposure, leveraging metabolomic profiling and minimally perturbative isotope tracing studies in unanesthetized mice. During cold exposure, brown adipose tissue (BAT) primarily fueled the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with fat in fasted mice and glucose in fed mice, underscoring BAT's metabolic flexibility. BAT minimally used branched-chain amino acids or ketones, which were instead avidly consumed by muscle during cold exposure. Surprisingly, isotopic labeling analyses revealed that BAT uses glucose largely for TCA anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylation. Finally, we find that cold-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis is critical for CIT during fasting, demonstrating a key functional role for glucose metabolism. Together, these findings provide a detailed map of the metabolic rewiring driving acute CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bornstein
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie Axsom
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea Thorsheim
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan C Blair
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Xie L, Wang H, Wu D, Zhang F, Chen W, Ye Y, Hu F. CXCL13 promotes thermogenesis in mice via recruitment of M2 macrophage and inhibition of inflammation in brown adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253766. [PMID: 37936696 PMCID: PMC10627189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly responsible for mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and promotes energy expenditure. Meanwhile, similar to white adipose tissue (WAT), BAT also secretes a variety of adipokines to regulate metabolism through paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine ways. The chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13), a canonical B cell chemokine, functions in inflammation and tumor-related diseases. However, the role of CXCL13 in the adipose tissues is unclear. Methods The expression of CXCL13 in BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) of mice under cold stimulation were detected. Local injection of CXCL13 into BAT of normal-diet and high-fat-diet induced obese mice was used to detect thermogenesis and determine cold tolerance. The brown adipocytes were treated with CXCL13 alone or in the presence of macrophages to determine the effects of CXCL13 on thermogenic and inflammation related genes expression in vitro. Results In this study, we discovered that the expression of CXCL13 in the stromal cells of brown adipose tissue significantly elevated under cold stimulation. Overexpression of CXCL13 in the BAT via local injection could increase energy expenditure and promote thermogenesis in obese mice. Mechanically, CXCL13 could promote thermogenesis via recruiting M2 macrophages in the BAT and, in the meantime, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor TNFα level. Discussion This study revealed the novel role of adipose chemokine CXCL13 in the regulation of BAT activity and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Leggio L, Leko A, Gregory-Flores A, Marchette R, Gomez J, Vendruscolo J, Repunte-Canonigo V, Chuong V, Deschaine S, Whiting K, Jackson S, Cornejo M, Perello M, You ZB, Eckhaus M, Janda K, Zorman B, Sumazin P, Koob G, Michaelides M, Sanna PP, Vendruscolo L. Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3236045. [PMID: 37886546 PMCID: PMC10602167 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3236045/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin regulates essential physiological functions. The ghrelin receptor (GHSR) has ligand-independent actions, therefore, GHSR gene deletion may be a reasonable approach to investigate the role of this system in feeding behaviors and diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here we investigated the effects of a long-term (12 month) high-fat (HFD) versus regular diet on obesity-related measures in global GHSR-KO and wild type (WT) Wistar male and female rats. Our main findings were that the GHSR gene deletion protects against DIO and decreases food intake during HFD in male but not in female rats. GHSR gene deletion increased thermogenesis and brain glucose uptake in male rats and modified the effects of HFD on brain glucose metabolism in a sex-specific manner, as assessed with small animal positron emission tomography. RNA-sequencing was also used to show that GHSR-KO rats had upregulated expression of genes responsible for fat oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Central administration of a novel GHSR inverse agonist, PF-5190457, attenuated ghrelin-induced food intake, but only in male, not in female mice. HFD-induced binge-like eating was reduced by inverse agonism in both sexes. Our results support GHSR as a promising target for new pharmacotherapies for obesity.
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11
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Jia M, Xu T, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Dietary fatty acids activate or deactivate brown and beige fat. Life Sci 2023; 330:121978. [PMID: 37516433 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat have been documented to rapidly consume fatty acids (FAs) rather than deposit of lipid, and they have high capacity to dissipate energy via nonshivering thermogenesis, making BAT and beige fat potential organs to fight obesity and related chronic diseases. As the main substrate for thermogenesis and the basic constituent unit of triacylglycerol, FAs could modify BAT and remodel white adipose tissue (WAT) to beige fat. However, there are few comprehensive review covering the link between dietary FAs and thermogenic adipocyte..In this review, we described the metabolism of thermogenic adipose upon activation and comprehensively summarized publications on the dietary FAs that activate or deactivate BAT and beige fat. Specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA), α-linolenic acid (α-ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OA), long-chain saturated fatty acid (LC-SFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). in addition, the influences on BAT function, WAT remodeling, and lipid metabolism, as well as delineated the possible mechanisms are also reviewed. Characterizing thermogenic or obesogenic dietary FAs may offer novel insight into dietary oil and nutritional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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12
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Holmes LR, Garside JC, Frank J, Livingston E, Snyder J, Abu Khalaf N, Yuan H, Branca RT. In-vivo detection of white adipose tissue browning: a multimodality imaging approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15485. [PMID: 37726379 PMCID: PMC10509182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection and differentiation of brown fat in humans poses several challenges, as this tissue is sparse and often mixed with white adipose tissue. Non-invasive detection of beige fat represents an even greater challenge as this tissue is structurally and functionally more like white fat than brown fat. Here we used positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, computed tomography, xenon-enhanced computed tomography, and dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound, to non-invasively detect functional and structural changes associated with the browning process of inguinal white fat, induced in mice by chronic stimulation with the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316243. These studies reveal a very heterogeneous increase in baseline tissue radiodensity and xenon-enhanced radiodensity, indicative of both an increase in adipocytes water and protein content as well as tissue perfusion, mostly in regions that showed enhanced norepinephrine-stimulated perfusion before CL-316243 treatment. No statistically significant increase in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake or norepinephrine-stimulated tissue perfusion were observed in the mice after the CL-316243 treatment. The increase in tissue-water content and perfusion, along with the negligible increase in the tissue glucose uptake and norepinephrine-stimulated perfusion deserve more attention, especially considering the potential metabolic role that this tissue may play in whole body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Holmes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John C Garside
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Frank
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eric Livingston
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonas Snyder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nada Abu Khalaf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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13
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Zheng Y, Yang N, Pang Y, Gong Y, Yang H, Ding W, Yang H. Mitochondria-associated regulation in adipose tissues and potential reagents for obesity intervention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132342. [PMID: 37396170 PMCID: PMC10313115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review analysis was used to assess the profile of mitochondrial involvement in adipose tissue regulation and potential reagents to intervene in obesity through the mitochondrial pathway. Methods Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched online for literature associated with mitochondria, obesity, white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue published from the time of their creation until June 22, 2022, and each paper was screened. Results 568 papers were identified, of which 134 papers met the initial selection criteria, 76 were selected after full-text review, and 6 were identified after additional searches. A full-text review of the included 82 papers was performed. Conclusion Mitochondria play a key role in adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis, including as potential therapeutic agents for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongya Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102335. [PMID: 37242221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and represents an increasing public health issue given the limited treatment options and its association with several other metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The epidemic, still growing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide cannot be merely explained by changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last few decades, nor from their association with genetic and epigenetic risk factors. It is conceivable that environmental pollutants, which act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors, may contribute to the spreading of this pathology due to their ability to enter the food chain and be ingested through contaminated food and water. Given the strict interplay between nutrients and the regulation of hepatic metabolism and reproductive functions in females, pollutant-induced metabolic dysfunctions may be of particular relevance for the female liver, dampening sex differences in NAFLD prevalence. Dietary intake of environmental pollutants can be particularly detrimental during gestation, when endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with the programming of liver metabolism, accounting for the developmental origin of NAFLD in offspring. This review summarizes cause-effect evidence between environmental pollutants and increased incidence of NAFLD and emphasizes the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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15
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Haczeyni F, Steensels S, Stein BD, Jordan JM, Li L, Dartigue V, Sarklioglu SS, Qiao J, Zhou XK, Dannenberg AJ, Iyengar NM, Yu H, Cantley LC, Ersoy BA. Submitochondrial Protein Translocation Upon Stress Inhibits Thermogenic Energy Expenditure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539294. [PMID: 37205525 PMCID: PMC10187325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-rich brown adipocytes dissipate cellular fuel as heat by thermogenic energy expenditure (TEE). Prolonged nutrient excess or cold exposure impair TEE and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report that stress-induced proton leak into the matrix interface of mitochondrial innermembrane (IM) mobilizes a group of proteins from IM into matrix, which in turn alter mitochondrial bioenergetics. We further determine a smaller subset that correlates with obesity in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. We go on to show that the top factor on this short list, acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 (ACOT9), migrates from the IM into the matrix upon stress where it enzymatically deactivates and prevents the utilization of acetyl-CoA in TEE. The loss of ACOT9 protects mice against the complications of obesity by maintaining unobstructed TEE. Overall, our results introduce aberrant protein translocation as a strategy to identify pathogenic factors. One-Sentence Summary Thermogenic stress impairs mitochondrial energy utilization by forcing translocation of IM-bound proteins into the matrix.
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16
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Guo X, Hu J, He G, Chen J, Yang Y, Qin D, Li C, Huang Z, Hu D, Wei C, Wang F, Yu B. Loss of APOO (MIC26) aggravates obesity-related whitening of brown adipose tissue via PPARα-mediated functional interplay between mitochondria and peroxisomes. Metabolism 2023; 144:155564. [PMID: 37088120 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant structure in adipose tissue occur in obesity and obesity-linked brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening; however, whether this aberrant architecture contributes to or is the result of obesity is unknown. Apolipoprotein O (APOO) is a constitutive protein of the mitochondrial cristae organizing system complex. This study aimed to characterize the physiological consequences of APOO deficiency in vivo. METHODS APOO expression was analyzed in different human and murine adipose depots, and mice lacking APOO in adipocytes (ApooACKO) are developed to examine the metabolic consequences of adipocyte-specific APOO ablation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Results showed that APOO expression is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. APOO-knockout mice showed increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction and whitening, reduced non-shivering thermogenesis, and blunted responses to cold stimuli. APOO deficiency disrupted mitochondrial structure in brown adipocytes and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, thereby inducing a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, increasing lipogenic enzyme levels and BAT whitening. APOO inactivation inhibited thermogenesis in BAT by reducing mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. It also disturbed peroxisomal biogenesis and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, APOO deficiency in adipocytes aggravates BAT whitening and diet-induced obesity; thus, APOO could be a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Donglu Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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17
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Silhavy J, Mlejnek P, Šimáková M, Marková I, Malínská H, Hüttl M, Kazdová L, Kazantsev D, Mancini M, Novotný J, Pravenec M. CD36 regulates substrates utilisation in brown adipose tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats: In vitro study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283276. [PMID: 37053180 PMCID: PMC10101526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) uses intracellular triglycerides, circulating free fatty acids and glucose as the main substrates. The objective of the current study was to analyse the role of CD36 fatty acid translocase in regulation of glucose and fatty acid utilisation in BAT. BAT isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with mutant Cd36 gene and SHR-Cd36 transgenic rats with wild type variant was incubated in media containing labeled glucose and palmitate to measure substrate incorporation and oxidation. SHR-Cd36 versus SHR rats showed significantly increased glucose incorporation into intracellular lipids associated with reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) protein expression and phosphorylation and increased oxidation of exogenous palmitate. It can be concluded that CD36 enhances glucose transport for lipogenesis in BAT by suppressing GSK-3β and promotes direct palmitate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Silhavy
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Šimáková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Kazantsev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- Division of Morphologic and Molecular Pathology, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Pacifici F, Malatesta G, Mammi C, Pastore D, Marzolla V, Ricordi C, Chiereghin F, Infante M, Donadel G, Curcio F, Noce A, Rovella V, Lauro D, Tesauro M, Di Daniele N, Garaci E, Caprio M, Della-Morte D. A Novel Mix of Polyphenols and Micronutrients Reduces Adipogenesis and Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning via UCP1 Expression and AMPK Activation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050714. [PMID: 36899850 PMCID: PMC10001138 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a pandemic disease characterized by excessive severe body comorbidities. Reduction in fat accumulation represents a mechanism of prevention, and the replacement of white adipose tissue (WAT) with brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as one promising strategy against obesity. In the present study, we sought to investigate the ability of a natural mixture of polyphenols and micronutrients (A5+) to counteract white adipogenesis by promoting WAT browning. Methods: For this study, we employed a murine 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line treated with A5+, or DMSO as control, during the differentiation in mature adipocytes for 10 days. Cell cycle analysis was performed using propidium iodide staining and cytofluorimetric analysis. Intracellular lipid contents were detected by Oil Red O staining. Inflammation Array, along with qRT-PCR and Western Blot analyses, served to measure the expression of the analyzed markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: A5+ administration significantly reduced lipids' accumulation in adipocytes when compared to control cells (p < 0.005). Similarly, A5+ inhibited cellular proliferation during the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), the most relevant stage in adipocytes differentiation (p < 0.0001). We also found that A5+ significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and Leptin (p < 0.005), and promoted fat browning and fatty acid oxidation through increasing expression levels of genes related to BAT, such as UCP1 (p < 0.05). This thermogenic process is mediated via AMPK-ATGL pathway activation. Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of compounds contained in A5+ may be able to counteract adipogenesis and then obesity by inducing fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Malatesta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mammi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francesca Chiereghin
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Diabetology, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Covid Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AOU Federico II, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-6893
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19
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Ali U, Wabitsch M, Tews D, Colitti M. Effects of allicin on human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome cells in mediating browning phenotype. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141303. [PMID: 36936145 PMCID: PMC10014806 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major health problem because it is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and some cancers. Strategies to prevent or reduce obesity focus mainly on the possible effects of natural compounds that can induce a phenotype of browning adipocytes capable of releasing energy in the form of heat. Allicin, a bioactive component of garlic with numerous pharmacological functions, is known to stimulate energy metabolism. METHODS In the present study, the effects of allicin on human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) cells were investigated by quantifying the dynamics of lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria, as well as transcriptomic changes after six days of differentiation. RESULTS Allicin significantly promoted the reduction in the surface area and size of LDs, leading to the formation of multilocular adipocytes, which was confirmed by the upregulation of genes related to lipolysis. The increase in the number and decrease in the mean aspect ratio of mitochondria in allicin-treated cells indicate a shift in mitochondrial dynamics toward fission. The structural results are confirmed by transcriptomic analysis showing a significant arrangement of gene expression associated with beige adipocytes, in particular increased expression of T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), and OXPHOS-related genes. The most promising targets are nuclear genes such as retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA), retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRG), nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 (NR1H3), nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 (NR1H4), PPARA, and oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). DISCUSSION Transcriptomic data and the network pharmacology-based approach revealed that genes and potential targets of allicin are involved in ligand-activated transcription factor activity, intracellular receptor signalling, regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis, and positive regulation of lipid metabolism. The present study highlights the potential role of allicin in triggering browning in human SGBS cells by affecting the LD dynamics, mitochondrial morphology, and expression of brown marker genes. Understanding the potential targets through which allicin promotes this effect may reveal the underlying signalling pathways and support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ali
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monica Colitti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Monica Colitti,
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20
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Chang JS. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106544. [PMID: 36896177 PMCID: PMC9989468 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes is a specialized fat cell that dissipates nutrient-derived chemical energy in the form of heat, instead of ATP synthesis. This unique feature provides a marked capacity for brown adipocyte mitochondria to oxidize substrates independent of ADP availability. Upon cold exposure, brown adipocytes preferentially oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) liberated from triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets to support thermogenesis. In addition, brown adipocytes take up large amounts of circulating glucose, concurrently increasing glycolysis and de novo FA synthesis from glucose. Given that FA oxidation and glucose-derived FA synthesis are two antagonistic mitochondrial processes in the same cell, it has long been questioned how brown adipocytes run FA oxidation and FA synthesis simultaneously. In this review, I summarize mechanisms regulating mitochondrial substrate selection and describe recent findings of two distinct populations of brown adipocyte mitochondria with different substrate preferences. I further discuss how these mechanisms may permit a concurrent increase in glycolysis, FA synthesis, and FA oxidation in brown adipocytes.
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21
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Hong AE, Ryu MS, Lim IK. Proper regulation of β-adrenergic signal requires Btg2 gene for lipolysis and thermogenesis in response to starvation or cold acclimation in female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109160. [PMID: 36179768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammals maintain constant body temperature in cold environment by activating thermogenesis via adrenergic/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2/Tis21), induced by PKA signaling, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, yet its role in lipolysis and in thermogenesis is not explored. Here, Btg2-knockout (KO) mice failed to maintain body temperature under starvation, or in cold acclimation. And norepinephrine-induced thermogenic response was turned off earlier in the KO mice. Gender specifically, gonadal white adipose tissues (gWAT) of female-KO were very active in lipolysis in fed state, however, the fat degradation was diminished upon fasting or cold acclimation. Also, insulin sensitivity was increased in female-KO, but not in male-KO mice, along with the low bone mineral density and small brown adipose tissues (BAT). In the mechanistic aspect, expressions of UCP1 and lipases (LPL, ATGL, HSL) in gWAT of female-KO mice were significantly reduced in response to adrenergic signals. Here, we present some data that Btg2 gene is essential for properly respond to β-adrenergic signals, and plays as a negative regulator of insulin signaling in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Eugene Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Shin KC, Huh JY, Ji Y, Han JS, Han SM, Park J, Nahmgoong H, Lee WT, Jeon YG, Kim B, Park C, Kang H, Choe SS, Kim JB. VLDL-VLDLR axis facilitates brown fat thermogenesis through replenishment of lipid fuels and PPARβ/δ activation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111806. [PMID: 36516764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to conduct non-shivering thermogenesis for survival under cold acclimation. Although emerging evidence suggests that lipid metabolites are essential for heat generation in cold-activated BAT, the underlying mechanisms of lipid uptake in BAT have not been thoroughly understood. Here, we show that very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) uptaken by VLDL receptor (VLDLR) plays important roles in thermogenic execution in BAT. Compared with wild-type mice, VLDLR knockout mice exhibit impaired thermogenic features. Mechanistically, VLDLR-mediated VLDL uptake provides energy sources for mitochondrial oxidation via lysosomal processing, subsequently enhancing thermogenic activity in brown adipocytes. Moreover, the VLDL-VLDLR axis potentiates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ activity with thermogenic gene expression in BAT. Accordingly, VLDL-induced thermogenic capacity is attenuated in brown-adipocyte-specific PPARβ/δ knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the VLDL-VLDLR axis in brown adipocytes is a key factor for thermogenic execution during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Cheul Shin
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bohyeon Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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23
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Qi Y, Hui XH. The Single-Cell Revelation of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Mol Cells 2022; 45:673-684. [PMID: 36254709 PMCID: PMC9589375 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed an upsurge in the appreciation of adipose tissue (AT) as an immuno-metabolic hub harbouring heterogeneous cell populations that collectively fine-tune systemic metabolic homeostasis. Technological advancements, especially single-cell transcriptomics, have offered an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting the sophisticated cellular networks and compositional dynamics underpinning AT remodelling. The "re-discovery" of functional brown adipose tissue dissipating heat energy in human adults has aroused tremendous interest in exploiting the mechanisms underpinning the engagement of AT thermogenesis for combating human obesity. In this review, we aim to summarise and evaluate the use of single-cell transcriptomics that contribute to a better appreciation of the cellular plasticity and intercellular crosstalk in thermogenic AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hannah Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012151. [PMID: 36293005 PMCID: PMC9603155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distinct characteristic of using energy and glucose consumption as a strategy to maintain the core body temperature. Under specific stimuli—such as exercise, cold exposure, and drug treatment—white adipocytes can utilize their extraordinary flexibility to transdifferentiate into brown-like cells, called beige adipocytes, thereby acquiring new morphological and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the process is identified as the ‘browning of WAT’. We evaluated the ability of some drugs, including GW501516, sildenafil, and rosiglitazone, to induce the browning process of adult white adipocytes obtained from differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In addition, we broadened our investigation by evaluating the potential browning capacity of IRISIN, a myokine that is stimulated by muscular exercises. Our data indicate that IRISIN was effective in promoting the browning of white adipocytes, which acquire increased expression of UCP1, increased mitochondrial mass, and modification in metabolism, as suggested by an increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily in presence of glucose as a nutrient. These promising browning agents represent an appealing focus in the therapeutic approaches to counteracting metabolic diseases and their associated obesity.
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25
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Sponton CH, de Lima-Junior JC, Leiria LO. What puts the heat on thermogenic fat: metabolism of fuel substrates. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:587-599. [PMID: 35697585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its unique capacity to clear macronutrients from circulation and use them to produce heat, thermogenic fat is capable of regulating glucose, lipids, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) circulatory levels. At the same time, its activity yields a higher energy expenditure, thereby conferring protection against cardiometabolic diseases. Our knowledge on the mechanisms of uptake and intracellular metabolism of such energy substrates into thermogenic fat has meaningfully evolved in recent years. This has allowed us to better understand how the thermogenic machinery processes those molecules to utilize them as substrates for heating up the body. Here, we discuss recent advances in the molecular and cellular regulatory process that governs the uptake and metabolism of such substrates within thermogenic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Sponton
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz O Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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26
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Tews D, Wabitsch M. Brown Adipose Tissue in Children and Its Metabolic Function. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:104-111. [PMID: 34348306 DOI: 10.1159/000518353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To regulate body temperature, mammals possess brown adipose tissue (BAT), which converts significant amounts of chemical energy into heat. Due to its remarkable energy demand, BAT is currently discussed as a target organ to treat obesity and obesity-related disorders. SUMMARY Although BAT is predominantly present in infants and its relative mass declines with age, new findings suggest that BAT has a relevant role in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as in the regulation of the energy substrates glucose and lipids in older children, adolescents, and adults. In this overview, we will outline basic mechanisms of BAT thermogenesis and the recently described physiological relevance of BAT in metabolism in children and adolescents. KEY MESSAGE The connection of BAT activity with glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity seems to be evident from recent studies, implicating BAT as an important influencing factor in the context of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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27
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Fougerat A, Schoiswohl G, Polizzi A, Régnier M, Wagner C, Smati S, Fougeray T, Lippi Y, Lasserre F, Raho I, Melin V, Tramunt B, Métivier R, Sommer C, Benhamed F, Alkhoury C, Greulich F, Jouffe C, Emile A, Schupp M, Gourdy P, Dubot P, Levade T, Meynard D, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Panasyuk G, Uhlenhaut H, Amri EZ, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Postic C, Wahli W, Loiseau N, Montagner A, Langin D, Lass A, Guillou H. ATGL-dependent white adipose tissue lipolysis controls hepatocyte PPARα activity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110910. [PMID: 35675775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In hepatocytes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) orchestrates a genomic and metabolic response required for homeostasis during fasting. This includes the biosynthesis of ketone bodies and of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Here we show that in the absence of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in adipocytes, ketone body and FGF21 production is impaired upon fasting. Liver gene expression analysis highlights a set of fasting-induced genes sensitive to both ATGL deletion in adipocytes and PPARα deletion in hepatocytes. Adipose tissue lipolysis induced by activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor also triggers such PPARα-dependent responses not only in the liver but also in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Intact PPARα activity in hepatocytes is required for the cross-talk between adipose tissues and the liver during fat mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarra Smati
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Fougeray
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilyès Raho
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valentine Melin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Sommer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Alkhoury
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Emile
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Dubot
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Meynard
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Catherine Postic
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Academic Institute of France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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28
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Yoshida Y, Shimizu I, Hsiao YT, Suda M, Katsuumi G, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Okuda S, Soga T, Minamino T. Differing impact of phosphoglycerate mutase 1-deficiency on brown and white adipose tissue. iScience 2022; 25:104268. [PMID: 35521515 PMCID: PMC9065309 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically active organ that contributes to the thermogenic response to cold exposure. In addition, other thermogenic cells termed beige adipocytes are generated in white adipose tissue (WAT) by cold exposure. Although activation of brown/beige adipose tissue is associated with mobilization of both glucose and lipids, few studies have focused on the role of glycolytic enzymes in regulating adipose tissue function. We generated mouse models with specific deletion of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) from adipose tissue. Deletion of Pgam1 from both BAT and WAT promoted whitening of BAT with beiging of visceral WAT, whereas deletion of Pgam1 from BAT alone led to whitening of BAT without beiging of WAT. Our results demonstrate a potential role of glycolytic enzymes in beiging of visceral WAT and suggest that PGAM1 would be a novel therapeutic target in obesity and diabetes. Pgam1 deletion leads to whitening of brown adipose tissue Pgam1 deletion promotes beiging of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) Pgam1 deletion-induced beiging is associated with increased levels of amino acids
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Advanced Senotherapeutics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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29
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Huang Y, Zhou JH, Zhang H, Canfran-Duque A, Singh AK, Perry RJ, Shulman GI, Fernandez-Hernando C, Min W. Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148852. [PMID: 35202005 PMCID: PMC9057632 DOI: 10.1172/jci148852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a crucial heat-generating organ, regulates whole-body energy metabolism by mediating thermogenesis. BAT inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired thermogenesis. However, the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we use mice with BAT deficiency of thioredoxin-2 (TRX2), a protein that scavenges mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), to evaluate the impact of BAT inflammation on metabolism and thermogenesis and its underlying mechanism. Our results show that BAT-specific TRX2 ablation improves systematic metabolic performance via enhancing lipid uptake, which protects mice from diet-induced obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. TRX2 deficiency impairs adaptive thermogenesis by suppressing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, loss of TRX2 induces excessive mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial integrity disruption, and cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA, which in turn activate aberrant innate immune responses in BAT, including the cGAS/STING and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We identify NLRP3 as a key converging point, as its inhibition reverses both the thermogenesis defect and the metabolic benefits seen under nutrient overload in BAT-specific Trx2-deficient mice. In conclusion, we identify TRX2 as a critical hub integrating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in BAT, uncovering an adaptive mechanism underlying the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Huang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Jenny H Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Alberto Canfran-Duque
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology.,Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
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30
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Wang J, Onogi Y, Krueger M, Oeckl J, Karlina R, Singh I, Hauck SM, Feederle R, Li Y, Ussar S. PAT2 regulates vATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification in brown adipocytes. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101508. [PMID: 35513259 PMCID: PMC9114668 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipocytes play a key role in maintaining body temperature as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, brown adipocytes need to adapt their thermogenic activity and substrate utilization to changes in nutrient availability. Amongst the multiple factors influencing brown adipocyte activity, autophagy is an important regulatory element of thermogenic capacity and activity. Nevertheless, a specific sensing mechanism of extracellular amino acid availability linking autophagy to nutrient availability in brown adipocytes is unknown. METHODS To characterize the role of the amino acid transporter PAT2/SLC36A2 in brown adipocytes, loss or gain of function of PAT2 were studied with respect to differentiation, subcellular localization, lysosomal activity and autophagy. Activity of vATPase was evaluated by quenching of EGFP fused to LC3 or FITC-dextran loaded lysosomes in brown adipocytes upon amino acid starvation, whereas the effect of PAT2 on assembly of the vATPase was investigated by Native-PAGE. RESULTS We show that PAT2 translocates from the plasma membrane to the lysosome in response to amino acid withdrawal. Loss or overexpression of PAT2 impair lysosomal acidification and starvation induced S6K re-phosphorylation, as PAT2 facilitates the assembly of the lysosomal vATPase, by recruitment of the cytoplasmic V1 subunit to the lysosome. CONCLUSION PAT2 is an important sensor of extracellular amino acids and regulator of lysosomal acidification in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Wang
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School for Life Sciences,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Karlina
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Inderjeet Singh
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School for Life Sciences,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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31
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Oeckl J, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Bardova K, Brunner S, Dieckmann S, Ecker J, Fromme T, Funda J, Gantert T, Giansanti P, Hidrobo MS, Kuda O, Kuster B, Li Y, Pohl R, Schmitt S, Schweizer S, Zischka H, Zouhar P, Kopecky J, Klingenspor M. Loss of UCP1 function augments recruitment of futile lipid cycling for thermogenesis in murine brown fat. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101499. [PMID: 35470094 PMCID: PMC9097615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Brunner
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Gantert
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Hidrobo
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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32
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Reversible lysine fatty acylation of an anchoring protein mediates adipocyte adrenergic signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119678119. [PMID: 35149557 PMCID: PMC8851525 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119678119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-myristoylation on glycine is an irreversible modification that has long been recognized to govern protein localization and function. In contrast, the biological roles of lysine myristoylation remain ill-defined. We demonstrate that the cytoplasmic scaffolding protein, gravin-α/A kinase-anchoring protein 12, is myristoylated on two lysine residues embedded in its carboxyl-terminal protein kinase A (PKA) binding domain. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) docks to an adjacent region of gravin-α and demyristoylates these sites. In brown and white adipocytes, lysine myristoylation of gravin-α is required for signaling via β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Lysine myristoylation of gravin-α drives β-ARs to lipid raft membrane microdomains, which results in PKA activation and downstream signaling that culminates in protective thermogenic gene expression. These findings define reversible lysine myristoylation as a mechanism for controlling GPCR signaling and highlight the potential of inhibiting HDAC11 to manipulate adipocyte phenotypes for therapeutic purposes.
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33
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Kornmueller K, Amri EZ, Scheideler M, Prassl R. Delivery of miRNAs to the adipose organ for metabolic health. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114110. [PMID: 34995679 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes, there is no efficient treatment to combat these epidemics. The adipose organ is the main site for energy storage and plays a pivotal role in whole body lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, including remodeling and dysfunction of adipocytes and adipose tissues in obesity and diabetes. Thus, restoring and balancing metabolic functions in the adipose organ is in demand. MiRNAs represent a novel class of drugs and drug targets, as they are heavily involved in the regulation of many cellular and metabolic processes and diseases, likewise in adipocytes. In this review, we summarize key regulatory activities of miRNAs in the adipose organ, discuss various miRNA replacement and inhibition strategies, promising delivery systems for miRNAs and reflect the future of novel miRNA-based therapeutics to target adipose tissues with the ultimate goal to combat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kornmueller
- Department of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marcel Scheideler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Department of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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34
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Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism. Nature 2022; 608:421-428. [PMID: 35922508 PMCID: PMC9365697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake is essential for cancer glycolysis and is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis of adipose tissues1-6. Most cancers use glycolysis to harness energy for their infinite growth, invasion and metastasis2,7,8. Activation of thermogenic metabolism in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by cold and drugs instigates blood glucose uptake in adipocytes4,5,9. However, the functional effects of the global metabolic changes associated with BAT activation on tumour growth are unclear. Here we show that exposure of tumour-bearing mice to cold conditions markedly inhibits the growth of various types of solid tumours, including clinically untreatable cancers such as pancreatic cancers. Mechanistically, cold-induced BAT activation substantially decreases blood glucose and impedes the glycolysis-based metabolism in cancer cells. The removal of BAT and feeding on a high-glucose diet under cold exposure restore tumour growth, and genetic deletion of Ucp1-the key mediator for BAT-thermogenesis-ablates the cold-triggered anticancer effect. In a pilot human study, mild cold exposure activates a substantial amount of BAT in both healthy humans and a patient with cancer with mitigated glucose uptake in the tumour tissue. These findings provide a previously undescribed concept and paradigm for cancer therapy that uses a simple and effective approach. We anticipate that cold exposure and activation of BAT through any other approach, such as drugs and devices either alone or in combination with other anticancer therapeutics, will provide a general approach for the effective treatment of various cancers.
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35
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Flenkenthaler F, Ländström E, Shashikadze B, Backman M, Blutke A, Philippou-Massier J, Renner S, Hrabe de Angelis M, Wanke R, Blum H, Arnold GJ, Wolf E, Fröhlich T. Differential Effects of Insulin-Deficient Diabetes Mellitus on Visceral vs. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Multi-omics Insights From the Munich MIDY Pig Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:751277. [PMID: 34888323 PMCID: PMC8650062 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is no longer considered to be responsible for energy storage only but is now recognized as a major endocrine organ that is distributed across different parts of the body and is actively involved in regulatory processes controlling energy homeostasis. Moreover, AT plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic disease such as diabetes. Recent evidence has shown that adipokines have the ability to regulate blood glucose levels and improve metabolic homeostasis. While AT has been studied extensively in the context of type 2 diabetes, less is known about how different AT types are affected by absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 or permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Here, we analyzed visceral and subcutaneous AT in a diabetic, insulin-deficient pig model (MIDY) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls by RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics. Multi-omics analysis indicates a depot-specific dysregulation of crucial metabolic pathways in MIDY AT samples. We identified key proteins involved in glucose uptake and downstream signaling, lipogenesis, lipolysis and β-oxidation to be differentially regulated between visceral and subcutaneous AT in response to insulin deficiency. Proteins related to glycogenolysis, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle and lipogenesis were increased in subcutaneous AT, whereas β-oxidation-related proteins were increased in visceral AT from MIDY pigs, pointing at a regionally different metabolic adaptation to master energy stress arising from diminished glucose utilization in MIDY AT. Chronic, absolute insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia revealed fat depot-specific signatures using multi-omics analysis. The generated datasets are a valuable resource for further comparative and translational studies in clinical diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erik Ländström
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences Munich (QBM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattias Backman
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences Munich (QBM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Julia Philippou-Massier
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gene Center, Institute for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gene Center, Institute for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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36
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Augmented CCL5/CCR5 signaling in brown adipose tissue inhibits adaptive thermogenesis and worsens insulin resistance in obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 136:121-137. [PMID: 34821367 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and CCR5, one of its receptors have been reported to be highly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) and are associated with the progression of inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in obese humans and mice. However, the role of CCL5/CCR5 signaling in obesity-associated dysregulation of energy metabolism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that global CCL5/CCR5 double knockout (DKO) mice have higher cold stress-induced energy expenditure and thermogenic function in BAT than wild-type (WT) mice. DKO mice have higher cold stress-induced energy expenditure and thermogenic function in BAT than wild-type mice. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that deletion of CCL5/CCR5 further facilitated the cold-induced expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolic pathways. In primary brown adipocytes of DKO mice, the augmentation of CL-316243-stimulated thermogenic and lipolysis responses was reversed by co-treatment with AMPKα1 and α2 siRNA. Overexpression of BAT CCL5/CCR5 genes by local lentivirus injection in WT mice suppressed cold stress-induced lipolytic processes and thermogenic activities. In contrast, knockdown of BAT CCL5/CCR5 signaling further upregulated AMPK phosphorylation as well as thermogenic and lipolysis responses to chronic adrenergic stimuli and subsequently decreased level of body weight gain. Chronic knockdown of BAT CCL5/CCR5 signaling improved HFD-induced insulin resistance in WT mice. It is suggested that obesity-induced augmentation of AT CCL5/CCR5 signaling could, at least in part, suppress energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis by inhibiting AMPK-mediated lipolysis and oxidative metabolism in thermogenic AT to exacerbate the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Nuciferine, an active ingredient derived from lotus leaf, lights up the way for the potential treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106002. [PMID: 34826599 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, is an increasingly global public health problem associated complications. However, the proven anti-obesity agents are inefficient with adverse side effects; hence attention is being paid to novel drugs from natural resources to manage obesity and obesity-related diseases. Nuciferine (NF) is a high-quality aporphine alkaloid present in lotus leaf. Unlike the chemical drugs, NF elicits anti-obesity, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects, and affinity to neural receptors, and protection against obesity-related diseases. The underlying mechanism of NF includes the regulation of targeted molecules and pathways related to metabolism, inflammation, and cancer and modulation of Ca2+ flux, gut microbiota, and ferroptosis. Besides, the clinical application, availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics, and security of NF have been established, highlighting the potential of developing NF as an anti-obesity agent. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive summarization, which sheds light on future research in NF.
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38
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Chun KH. Mouse model of the adipose organ: the heterogeneous anatomical characteristics. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:857-875. [PMID: 34606058 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in energy storage, hormone secretion, and temperature control. Mammalian adipose tissue is largely divided into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, although recent studies have discovered the existence of beige adipocytes. Adipose tissues are widespread over the whole body and each location shows distinctive metabolic features. Mice are used as a representative experimental model system in metabolic studies due to their numerous advantages. Importantly, the adipose tissues of experimental animals and humans are not perfectly matched, and each adipose tissue exhibits both similar and specific characteristics. Nevertheless, the diversity and characteristics of mouse adipose tissue have not yet been comprehensively summarized. This review summarizes diverse information about the different types of adipose tissue being studied in mouse models. The types and characteristics of adipocytes were described, and each adipose tissue was classified by type, and features such as its distribution, origin, differences from humans, and metabolic characteristics were described. In particular, the distribution of widely studied adipose tissues was illustrated so that researchers can comprehensively grasp its location. Also, the adipose tissues misused or confusingly used among researchers were described. This review will provide researchers with comprehensive information and cautions needed to study adipose tissues in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Inchon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
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Pérez DIV, Soto DAS, Barroso JM, Dos Santos DA, Queiroz ACC, Miarka B, Brito CJ, Quintana MS. Physically active men with high brown adipose tissue activity showed increased energy expenditure after caffeine supplementation. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103000. [PMID: 34420632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study measured the effect of caffeine on brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and the energy expenditure (EE) of subjects with high (HBAT) or low (LBAT) activation. We performed a quasi-experimental double-blind protocol in which 24 physically active healthy men were measured (age: 24.1 ± 6.0 yrs; BM: 75.3 ± 14.4 kg; HT: 171.8 ± 5.9 cm; BMI: 25.5 ± 4.9 kg/m2). Infrared thermography (IRT) protocol was used to separate the participants into the groups according to the BAT activation: high (HBAT; n = 11) and low (LBAT; n = 13). All participants ingested a single supplement caffeine capsule (CAF) of 375 mg (~5 mg/kg BM) or placebo (PLA). Our experimental protocol measured two groups (HBAT and LBAT) under two conditions (CAF and PLA), with intake 30-min before the data collection. BAT activity lasted 60-min (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min) and was estimated by IRT in subclavicular (Δ SCV) and external (Δ EXT) regions of interest (ROI) and EE by indirect calorimetry. The main results indicated that HBAT at 40-min showed an increased EE versus the other groups and conditions (p = 0.009). There was a significant difference for BAT activation at the 30 (p = 0.019), 40 (p = 0.009), 50 (p = 0.007) and 60 min (p = 0.012) between HBAT-CAF vs. LBAT-CAF. There was also a significant difference at the 20 (p = 0.024), 30 (p = 0.036), 50 (p = 0.05) and 60 min (p = 0.011) between HBAT-CAF vs. HBAT-PLA. In conclusion CAF intake (≈5 mg) increases the thermogenic activity of BAT in healthy young men and increases EE in HBAT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ignacio Valenzuela Pérez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Magister en Ciencias la Actividad Física y Deportes Aplicadas al Entrenamiento Rehabilitación y Reintegro Deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dany Alexis Sobarzo Soto
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Magister en Ciencias la Actividad Física y Deportes Aplicadas al Entrenamiento Rehabilitación y Reintegro Deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julieta Montañez Barroso
- Magister en Ciencias la Actividad Física y Deportes Aplicadas al Entrenamiento Rehabilitación y Reintegro Deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Alves Dos Santos
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Miarka
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Performance in Sports & Combats, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ciro José Brito
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Sillero Quintana
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Li M, Li L, Li B, Hambly C, Wang G, Wu Y, Jin Z, Wang A, Niu C, Wolfrum C, Speakman JR. Brown adipose tissue is the key depot for glucose clearance in microbiota depleted mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4725. [PMID: 34354051 PMCID: PMC8342435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota deficient mice demonstrate accelerated glucose clearance. However, which tissues are responsible for the upregulated glucose uptake remains unresolved, with different studies suggesting that browning of white adipose tissue, or modulated hepatic gluconeogenesis, may be related to enhanced glucose clearance when the gut microbiota is absent. Here, we investigate glucose uptake in 22 different tissues in 3 different mouse models. We find that gut microbiota depletion via treatment with antibiotic cocktails (ABX) promotes glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cecum. Nevertheless, the adaptive thermogenesis and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are dispensable for the increased glucose uptake and clearance. Deletion of Ucp1 expressing cells blunts the improvement of glucose clearance in ABX-treated mice. Our results indicate that BAT and cecum, but not white adipose tissue (WAT) or liver, contribute to the glucose uptake in the gut microbiota depleted mouse model and this response is dissociated from adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Li Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Hypothalamic Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Baoguo Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Catherine Hambly
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Yingga Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Zengguang Jin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anyongqi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health and Department of Health Sciences and Technology (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - John R. Speakman
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Beijing, PR China ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
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41
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Mendez DA, Ortiz RM. Thyroid hormones and the potential for regulating glucose metabolism in cardiomyocytes during insulin resistance and T2DM. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14858. [PMID: 34405550 PMCID: PMC8371345 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order for the heart to maintain its continuous mechanical work and provide the systolic movement to uphold coronary blood flow, substantial synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required. Under normal conditions cardiac tissue utilizes roughly 70% fatty acids (FA), and 30% glucose for the production of ATP; however, during impaired metabolic conditions like insulin resistance and diabetes glucose metabolism is dysregulated and FA account for 99% of energy production. One of the major consequences of a shift in FA metabolism in cardiac tissue is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipotoxicity, which ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thyroid hormones (TH) have direct effects on cardiac function and glucose metabolism during impaired metabolic conditions suggesting that TH may improve glucose metabolism in an insulin resistant condition. None-classical TH signaling in the heart has shown to phosphorylate protein kinase B (Akt) and increase activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), which are critical mediators in the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake pathway. Studies on peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes have demonstrated TH treatment improved glucose intolerance in a diabetic model and increased insulin-regulated glucose transporter (GLUT4) mRNA levels. GLUT4 is a downstream target of thyroid response element (TRE), which demonstrates that THs regulate glucose via GLUT4. Elevated 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) increased glucose oxidation rate and decreased the glycolytic intermediate, fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) in cardiomyocytes, in addition to increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and pyruvate transport across the mitochondrial membrane. These findings along with a few other studies on T3 treatment in cardiac tissue suggest TH may improve glucose metabolism in an insulin resistant model and ameliorate the effects of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review highlights the potential benefits of exogenous TH on ameliorating metabolic dysfunction in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora A. Mendez
- Department of Molecular & Cell BiologySchool of Natural SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
| | - Rudy M. Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cell BiologySchool of Natural SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
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Jung SM, Doxsey WG, Le J, Haley JA, Mazuecos L, Luciano AK, Li H, Jang C, Guertin DA. In vivo isotope tracing reveals the versatility of glucose as a brown adipose tissue substrate. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109459. [PMID: 34320357 PMCID: PMC8369932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Active brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes copious amounts of glucose, yet how glucose metabolism supports thermogenesis is unclear. By combining transcriptomics, metabolomics, and stable isotope tracing in vivo, we systematically analyze BAT glucose utilization in mice during acute and chronic cold exposure. Metabolite profiling reveals extensive temperature-dependent changes in the BAT metabolome and transcriptome upon cold adaptation, discovering unexpected metabolite markers of thermogenesis, including increased N-acetyl-amino acid production. Time-course stable isotope tracing further reveals rapid incorporation of glucose carbons into glycolysis and TCA cycle, as well as several auxiliary pathways, including NADPH, nucleotide, and phospholipid synthesis pathways. Gene expression differences inconsistently predict glucose fluxes, indicating that posttranscriptional mechanisms also govern glucose utilization. Surprisingly, BAT swiftly generates fatty acids and acyl-carnitines from glucose, suggesting that lipids are rapidly synthesized and immediately oxidized. These data reveal versatility in BAT glucose utilization, highlighting the value of an integrative-omics approach to understanding organ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Will G Doxsey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amelia K Luciano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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43
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Nabatame Y, Hosooka T, Aoki C, Hosokawa Y, Imamori M, Tamori Y, Okamatsu‐Ogura Y, Yoneshiro T, Kajimura S, Saito M, Ogawa W. Kruppel-like factor 15 regulates fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in brown adipocytes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1144-1151. [PMID: 33480176 PMCID: PMC8264414 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Brown adipose tissue (BAT) utilizes large amounts of fuel for thermogenesis, but the mechanism by which fuel substrates are switched in response to changes in energy status is poorly understood. We have now investigated the role of Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a transcription factor expressed at a high level in adipose tissue, in the regulation of fuel utilization in BAT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Depletion or overexpression of KLF15 in HB2 differentiated brown adipocytes was achieved by adenoviral infection. Glucose and fatty acid oxidation were measured with radioactive substrates, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was determined with a colorimetric assay, and gene expression was examined by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Knockdown of KLF15 in HB2 cells attenuated fatty acid oxidation in association with downregulation of the expression of genes related to this process including Acox1 and Fatp1, whereas it increased glucose oxidation. Expression of the gene for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a negative regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was increased or decreased by KLF15 overexpression or knockdown, respectively, in HB2 cells, with these changes being accompanied by a respective decrease or increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Pdk4 is a direct target of KLF15 in HB2 cells. Finally, fasting increased expression of KLf15, Pdk4 and genes involved in fatty acid utilization in BAT of mice, whereas refeeding suppressed Klf15 and Pdk4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate KLF15 in the regulation of fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in response to changes in energy status in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nabatame
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Division of Development of Advanced Therapy for Metabolic DiseaseKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Chikako Aoki
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yoshikazu Tamori
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Division of Creative Health PromotionKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu‐Ogura
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Cell and Tissue BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Division of Metabolic MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Cell and Tissue BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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Lagarde D, Jeanson Y, Portais JC, Galinier A, Ader I, Casteilla L, Carrière A. Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689747. [PMID: 34276410 PMCID: PMC8278056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Gallardo-Montejano VI, Yang C, Hahner L, McAfee JL, Johnson JA, Holland WL, Fernandez-Valdivia R, Bickel PE. Perilipin 5 links mitochondrial uncoupled respiration in brown fat to healthy white fat remodeling and systemic glucose tolerance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3320. [PMID: 34083525 PMCID: PMC8175597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of mice or humans to cold promotes significant changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) with respect to histology, lipid content, gene expression, and mitochondrial mass and function. Herein we report that the lipid droplet coat protein Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) increases markedly in BAT during exposure of mice to cold. To understand the functional significance of cold-induced PLIN5, we created and characterized gain- and loss-of-function mouse models. Enforcing PLIN5 expression in mouse BAT mimics the effects of cold with respect to mitochondrial cristae packing and uncoupled substrate-driven respiration. PLIN5 is necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae structure and respiratory function during cold stress. We further show that promoting PLIN5 function in BAT is associated with healthy remodeling of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and improvements in systemic glucose tolerance and diet-induced hepatic steatosis. These observations will inform future strategies that seek to exploit thermogenic adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Perilipin 5 is a lipid droplet protein that interacts with PGC1α in the nucleus to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Here the authors use genetically engineered mouse models to determine the physiologic role of Perilipin 5, and show that it regulates mitochondrial adaptations to cold, as well as systemic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Gallardo-Montejano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chaofeng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Hahner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John L McAfee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Perry E Bickel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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46
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Brandão BB, Poojari A, Rabiee A. Thermogenic Fat: Development, Physiological Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5906. [PMID: 34072788 PMCID: PMC8198523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerning worldwide increase of obesity and chronic metabolic diseases, such as T2D, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, motivates further investigations into preventive and alternative therapeutic approaches. Over the past decade, there has been growing evidence that the formation and activation of thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige) may serve as therapy to treat obesity and its associated diseases owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure and to modulate circulating lipids and glucose levels. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of brown and beige adipocytes formation and activation will facilitate the development of strategies to combat metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of pathways and players involved in the development of brown and beige fat, as well as the role of thermogenic adipocytes in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the alterations in brown and beige adipose tissue function during obesity and explore the therapeutic potential of thermogenic activation to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B. Brandão
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ankita Poojari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
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Ren S, Bian Y, Hou Y, Wang Z, Zuo Z, Liu Z, Teng Y, Fu J, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Pi J. The roles of NFE2L1 in adipocytes: Structural and mechanistic insight from cell and mouse models. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102015. [PMID: 34058615 PMCID: PMC8170497 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play pivotal roles in maintaining energy homeostasis by storing lipids in adipose tissue (AT), regulating the flux of lipids between AT and the circulation in response to the body's energy requirements and secreting a variety of hormones, cytokines and other factors. Proper AT development and function ensure overall metabolic health. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as NRF1) belongs to the CNC-bZIP family and plays critical roles in regulating a wide range of essential cellular functions and varies stress responses in many cells and tissues. Human and rodent Nfe2l1 genes can be transcribed into multiple splice variants resulting in various protein isoforms, which may be further modified by a variety of post-translational mechanisms. While the long isoforms of NFE2L1 have been established as master regulators of cellular adaptive antioxidant response and proteasome homeostasis, the exact tissue distribution and physiological function of NFE2L1 isoforms, the short isoforms in particular, are still under intense investigation. With regard to key roles of NFE2L1 in adipocytes, emerging data indicates that deficiency of Nfe2l1 results in aberrant adipogenesis and impaired AT functioning. Intriguingly, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human NFE2L1 gene is associated with obesity. In this review, we summarize the most significant findings regarding the specific roles of the multiple isoforms of NFE2L1 in AT formation and function. We highlight that NFE2L1 plays a fundamental regulatory role in the expression of multiple genes that are crucial to AT metabolism and function and thus could be an important target to improve disease states involving aberrant adipose plasticity and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ren
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yiying Bian
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Zhendi Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yanyan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Heping Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
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Wang Z, Wang QA, Liu Y, Jiang L. Energy metabolism in brown adipose tissue. FEBS J 2021; 288:3647-3662. [PMID: 34028971 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is well known to burn calories through uncoupled respiration, producing heat to maintain body temperature. This 'calorie wasting' feature makes BAT a special tissue, which can function as an 'energy sink' in mammals. While a combination of high energy intake and low energy expenditure is the leading cause of overweight and obesity in modern society, activating a safe 'energy sink' has been proposed as a promising obesity treatment strategy. Metabolically, lipids and glucose have been viewed as the major energy substrates in BAT, while succinate, lactate, branched-chain amino acids, and other metabolites can also serve as energy substrates for thermogenesis. Since the cataplerotic and anaplerotic reactions of these metabolites interconnect with each other, BAT relies on its dynamic, flexible, and complex metabolism to support its special function. In this review, we summarize how BAT orchestrates the metabolic utilization of various nutrients to support thermogenesis and contributes to whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Michurina SS, Stafeev IS, Menshikov MY, Parfyonova YV. Mitochondrial dynamics keep balance of nutrient combustion in thermogenic adipocytes. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:157-168. [PMID: 34010673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis takes place in brown and beige adipocytes and facilitates cold tolerance and acclimation. However, thermogenesis in adipose tissue also was found to be activated in metabolic overload states for fast utilization of nutrients excess. This observation spurred research interest in mechanisms of thermogenesis regulation for metabolic overload and obesity prevention. One of proposed regulators of thermogenic efficiency in adipocytes is the dynamics of mitochondria, where thermogenesis takes place. Indeed, brown and beige adipocytes exhibit fragmented round-shaped mitochondria, while white adipocytes have elongated organelles with high ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial morphology can determine uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content, efficiency of catabolic pathways and electron transport chain, supplying thermogenesis. This review will highlight the co-regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and thermogenesis and formulate hypothetical ways for excessive nutrients burning in response to mitochondrial morphology manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Michurina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
| | - I S Stafeev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Y Menshikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye V Parfyonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia
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Le Y, Zhang Z, Wang C, Lu D. Ferroptotic Cell Death: New Regulatory Mechanisms for Metabolic Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:785-800. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200731175328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that contributes to the
pathogenesis of various diseases. Regulation of iron and iron metabolism has received considerable
research interests especially concerning the progression of metabolic diseases.
Discussion:
Emerging evidence shows that ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic programmed cell death induced by iron-dependent
lipid peroxidation, contributes to the development of complex diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiomyopathy, renal ischemia-reperfusion, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibiting ferroptosis can improve the pathophysiology of associated metabolic diseases. This review describes the vital role of ferroptosis in mediating the development
of certain metabolic diseases. Besides, the potential risk of iron and ferroptosis in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases is also described. Iron overload and ferroptosis are potential secondary causes of death in metabolic diseases. Moreover,
this review also provides potential novel approaches against ferroptosis based on recent research advances.
Conclusion:
Several controversies exist concerning mechanisms underlying ferroptotic cell death in metabolic diseases, particularly in atherosclerosis. Since ferroptosis participates in the progression of metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), there is a need to develop new drugs targeting ferroptosis to alleviate such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Le
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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