1
|
Cho K, Kim GW. Decreased SREBP2 of the striatal cell relates to disrupted protein degradation in Huntington's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1846:149250. [PMID: 39313167 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
This study delineated the intricate relation between cholesterol metabolism, protein degradation mechanisms, and the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Through investigations using both animal models and cellular systems, we have observed significant alterations in cholesterol levels, particularly in the striatum, which is the primary lesion site in HD. Our findings indicate the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism-related factors, such as LDLR and SREBP2, in HD, which may contribute to disease progression. Additionally, we uncovered disruptions in protein degradation pathways, including decreased neddylated proteins and dysregulated autophagy, which further exacerbated HD pathology. Moreover, our study highlighted the potential therapeutic implications of targeting these pathways. By restoring cholesterol levels and modulating protein degradation mechanisms, particularly through interventions, such as MLN4924, we observed potential improvements in cellular function, as indicated by the increased BDNF levels. These insights underscore the importance of simultaneously addressing cholesterol metabolism and protein degradation to alleviate HD pathology. Collectively, this study provides a basic understanding of the interplay between the decrease of SREBP2 and the dysfunctional protein degradation system derived from disrupted cholesterol metabolism in HD and HD cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjoo Cho
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gyung Whan Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi R, Li Y, Zhu W, Xin H, Yang H, Feng X, Wang Z, Li S, Cong B, Shi W. The Regulation of Frontal Cortex Cholesterol Metabolism Abnormalities by NR3C1/NRIP1/NR1H2 Is Involved in the Occurrence of Stress-Induced Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8075. [PMID: 39125645 PMCID: PMC11311262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced alterations in central neuron metabolism and function are crucial contributors to depression onset. However, the metabolic dysfunctions of the neurons associated with depression and specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study initially analyzed the relationship between cholesterol and depression using the NHANES database. We then induced depressive-like behaviors in mice via restraint stress. Applying bioinformatics, pathology, and molecular biology, we observed the pathological characteristics of brain cholesterol homeostasis and investigated the regulatory mechanisms of brain cholesterol metabolism disorders. Through the NHANES database, we initially confirmed a significant correlation between cholesterol metabolism abnormalities and depression. Furthermore, based on successful stress mouse model establishment, we discovered the number of cholesterol-related DEGs significantly increased in the brain due to stress, and exhibited regional heterogeneity. Further investigation of the frontal cortex, a brain region closely related to depression, revealed stress caused significant disruption to key genes related to cholesterol metabolism, including HMGCR, CYP46A1, ACAT1, APOE, ABCA1, and LDLR, leading to an increase in total cholesterol content and a significant decrease in synaptic proteins PSD-95 and SYN. This indicates cholesterol metabolism affects neuronal synaptic plasticity and is associated with stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Adeno-associated virus interference with NR3C1 in the prefrontal cortex of mice subjected to short-term stress resulted in reduced protein levels of NRIP1, NR1H2, ABCA1, and total cholesterol content. At the same time, it increased synaptic proteins PSD95 and SYN, effectively alleviating depressive-like behavior. Therefore, these results suggest that short-term stress may induce cholesterol metabolism disorders by activating the NR3C1/NRIP1/NR1H2 signaling pathway. This impairs neuronal synaptic plasticity and consequently participates in depressive-like behavior in mice. These findings suggest that abnormal cholesterol metabolism in the brain induced by stress is a significant contributor to depression onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Cong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (R.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (H.X.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (Z.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Weibo Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (R.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (H.X.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (Z.W.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xuan L, Hu Z, Jiang Z, Zhang C, Sun X, Ming W, Liu H, Qiao R, Shen L, Liu S, Wang G, Wen L, Luan Z, Yin J. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) deficiency protects against spinal cord injury by activating NRF2/HO-1 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3460-3478. [PMID: 37269088 PMCID: PMC10580351 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a devastating neurological disease, spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe tissue loss and neurological dysfunction. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor with a major regulatory role in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism and recently has been implicated in the central nervous system. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of PXR in SCI. METHODS The clip-compressive SCI model was performed in male wild-type C57BL/6 (PXR+/+ ) and PXR-knockout (PXR-/- ) mice. The N2a H2 O2 -induced injury model mimicked the pathological process of SCI in vitro. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), a mouse-specific PXR agonist, was used to activate PXR in vivo and in vitro. The siRNA was applied to knock down the PXR expression in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to discover the relevant mechanism, and the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 was used to validate the involvement of PXR in influencing the NRF2/HO-1 pathway in the SCI process. RESULTS The expression of PXR decreased after SCI and reached a minimum on the third day. In vivo, PXR knockout significantly improved the motor function of mice after SCI, meanwhile, inhibited apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by SCI. On the contrary, activation of PXR by PCN negatively influenced the recovery of SCI. Mechanistically, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that PXR activation downregulated the mRNA level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) after SCI. We further verified that PXR deficiency activated the NRF2/HO-1 pathway and PXR activation inhibited this pathway in vitro. CONCLUSION PXR is involved in the recovery of motor function after SCI by regulating NRF2/HO-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Na Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhen‐Xin Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhen‐Fu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiao‐Wan Sun
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wen‐Hua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hui‐Tao Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsTaizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiChina
| | - Rong‐Fang Qiao
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lin‐Jie Shen
- Department of GastroenterologyNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Shao‐Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Guan‐Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lin Wen
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhi‐Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic DiseasesDalianChina
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferrari Bardile C, Radulescu CI, Pouladi MA. Oligodendrocyte pathology in Huntington's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:802-816. [PMID: 37591764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), highly specialized glial cells that wrap axons with myelin sheaths, are critical for brain development and function. There is new recognition of the role of OLGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington's disease (HD), a prototypic NDD caused by a polyglutamine tract expansion in huntingtin (HTT), which results in gain- and loss-of-function effects. Clinically, HD is characterized by a constellation of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disturbances. White matter (WM) structures, representing myelin-rich regions of the brain, are profoundly affected in HD, and recent findings reveal oligodendroglia dysfunction as an early pathological event. Here, we focus on mechanisms that underlie oligodendroglial deficits and dysmyelination in the progression of the disease, highlighting the pathogenic contributions of mutant HTT (mHTT). We also discuss potential therapeutic implications involving these molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valenza M, Birolini G, Cattaneo E. The translational potential of cholesterol-based therapies for neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:583-598. [PMID: 37644213 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important metabolite and membrane component and is enriched in the brain owing to its role in neuronal maturation and function. In the adult brain, cholesterol is produced locally, predominantly by astrocytes. When cholesterol has been used, recycled and catabolized, the derivatives are excreted across the blood-brain barrier. Abnormalities in any of these steps can lead to neurological dysfunction. Here, we examine how precise interactions between cholesterol production and its use and catabolism in neurons ensures cholesterol homeostasis to support brain function. As an example of a neurological disease associated with cholesterol dyshomeostasis, we summarize evidence from animal models of Huntington disease (HD), which demonstrate a marked reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis with clinically relevant consequences for synaptic activity and cognition. In addition, we examine the relationship between cholesterol loss in the brain and cognitive decline in ageing. We then present emerging therapeutic strategies to restore cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on evidence from HD mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Gonzalez KM, Cordova LE, Lu J. Nanotechnology-empowered therapeutics targeting neurodegenerative diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1907. [PMID: 37248794 PMCID: PMC10525015 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are posing pressing health issues due to the high prevalence among aging populations in the 21st century. They are evidenced by the progressive loss of neuronal function, often associated with neuronal necrosis and many related devastating complications. Nevertheless, effective therapeutical strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases remain a tremendous challenge due to the multisystemic nature and limited drug delivery to the central nervous system. As a result, there is a pressing need to develop effective alternative therapeutics to manage the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. By utilizing the functional reconstructive materials and technologies with specific targeting ability at the nanoscale level, nanotechnology-empowered medicines can transform the therapeutic paradigms of neurodegenerative diseases with minimal systemic side effects. This review outlines the current applications and progresses of the nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Wang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Karina Marie Gonzalez
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Leyla Estrella Cordova
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sodero AO, Castagna VC, Elorza SD, Gonzalez-Rodulfo SM, Paulazo MA, Ballestero JA, Martin MG, Gomez-Casati ME. Phytosterols reverse antiretroviral-induced hearing loss, with potential implications for cochlear aging. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002257. [PMID: 37619212 PMCID: PMC10449472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol contributes to neuronal membrane integrity, supports membrane protein clustering and function, and facilitates proper signal transduction. Extensive evidence has shown that cholesterol imbalances in the central nervous system occur in aging and in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we characterize cholesterol homeostasis in the inner ear of young and aged mice as a new unexplored possibility for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss. Our results show that cholesterol levels in the inner ear are reduced during aging, an effect that is associated with an increased expression of the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), the main enzyme responsible for cholesterol turnover in the brain. In addition, we show that pharmacological activation of CYP46A1 with the antiretroviral drug efavirenz reduces the cholesterol content in outer hair cells (OHCs), leading to a decrease in prestin immunolabeling and resulting in an increase in the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) thresholds. Moreover, dietary supplementation with phytosterols, plant sterols with structure and function similar to cholesterol, was able to rescue the effect of efavirenz administration on the auditory function. Altogether, our findings point towards the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in the inner ear as an innovative therapeutic strategy in preventing and/or delaying hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro O. Sodero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (BIOMED, UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria C. Castagna
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor N. Torres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Setiembre D. Elorza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sara M. Gonzalez-Rodulfo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (BIOMED, UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A. Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (BIOMED, UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena A. Ballestero
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio G. Martin
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Gomez-Casati
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Birolini G, Valenza M, Ottonelli I, Talpo F, Minoli L, Cappelleri A, Bombaci M, Caccia C, Canevari C, Trucco A, Leoni V, Passoni A, Favagrossa M, Nucera MR, Colombo L, Paltrinieri S, Bagnati R, Duskey JT, Caraffi R, Vandelli MA, Taroni F, Salmona M, Scanziani E, Biella G, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Cattaneo E. Chronic cholesterol administration to the brain supports complete and long-lasting cognitive and motor amelioration in Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106823. [PMID: 37336430 PMCID: PMC10463277 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by impaired cholesterol biosynthesis in the brain has led to strategies to increase its level in the brain of the rapidly progressing R6/2 mouse model, with a positive therapeutic outcome. Here we tested the long-term efficacy of chronic administration of cholesterol to the brain of the slowly progressing zQ175DN knock-in HD mice in preventing ("early treatment") or reversing ("late treatment") HD symptoms. To do this we used the most advanced formulation of cholesterol loaded brain-permeable nanoparticles (NPs), termed hybrid-g7-NPs-chol, which were injected intraperitoneally. We show that one cycle of treatment with hybrid-g7-NPs-chol, administered in the presymptomatic ("early treatment") or symptomatic ("late treatment") stages is sufficient to normalize cognitive defects up to 5 months, as well as to improve other behavioral and neuropathological parameters. A multiple cycle treatment combining both early and late treatments ("2 cycle treatment") lasting 6 months generates therapeutic effects for more than 11 months, without severe adverse reactions. Sustained cholesterol delivery to the brain of zQ175DN mice also reduces mutant Huntingtin aggregates in both the striatum and cortex and completely normalizes synaptic communication in the striatal medium spiny neurons compared to saline-treated HD mice. Furthermore, through a meta-analysis of published and current data, we demonstrated the power of hybrid-g7-NPs-chol and other strategies able to increase brain cholesterol biosynthesis, to reverse cognitive decline and counteract the formation of mutant Huntingtin aggregates. These results demonstrate that cholesterol delivery via brain-permeable NPs is a therapeutic option to sustainably reverse HD-related behavioral decline and neuropathological signs over time, highlighting the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-based strategies in HD patients. DATA AVAILABILITY: This study does not include data deposited in public repositories. Data are available on request to the corresponding authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Pathology Department, Evotec, 37135 Verona, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Canevari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Trucco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Favagrossa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Nucera
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen TT, Nguyen-Thi PT, Nguyen THA, Ho TT, Tran NMA, Van Vo T, Van Vo G. Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials: A Promising Way to Manage Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:457-473. [PMID: 37217723 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are some of the most prevalent disorders currently afflicting healthcare systems. Many of these diseases share similar pathological hallmarks, including elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, all of which contribute to the deterioration of the nervous system's structure and function. The development of diagnostic and therapeutic materials in the monitoring and treatment of these diseases remains challenging. One of the biggest challenges facing therapeutic and diagnostic materials is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a multifunctional membrane possessing a plethora of biochemical, cellular, and immunological features that ensure brain homeostasis by preventing the entry and accumulation of unwanted compounds. With regards to neurodegenerative diseases, the recent application of tailored nanomaterials (nanocarriers and nanoparticles) has led to advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of commonly used nanoparticles and their applications in NDs, which may offer new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Hong Anh Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen-Minh-An Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam
| | - Toi Van Vo
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Department, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Zabihi M, Li Q, Li X, Kim BJ, Ubogu EE, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Zhao C. Drug Permeability: From the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2200150. [PMID: 37649593 PMCID: PMC10465108 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNB), formed by the perineurium and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), we hypothesize that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. In this review, we describe the molecular, structural and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB, summarize and compare existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies, and discuss the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mahmood Zabihi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
| | - Eroboghene E. Ubogu
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ursula Wesselmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Consortium for Neuroengineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Siafaka PI, Okur ME, Erim PD, Çağlar EŞ, Özgenç E, Gündoğdu E, Köprülü REP, Karantas ID, Üstündağ Okur N. Protein and Gene Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Where Do We Stand Today? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2425. [PMID: 36365243 PMCID: PMC9698227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that every year, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate their lives and their caregivers' lives. To date, there has not been an approved pharmacological approach to provide the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The only available drugs may only relieve the symptoms or slow down the progression of the disease. The absence of any treatment is quite rational given that neurodegeneration occurs by the progressive loss of the function or structure of the nerve cells of the brain or the peripheral nervous system, which eventually leads to their death either by apoptosis or necrotic cell death. According to a recent study, even though adult brain cells are injured, they can revert to an embryonic state, which may help to restore their function. These interesting findings might open a new path for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies to combat devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Gene and protein therapies have emerged as a rapidly growing field for various disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these promising therapies, the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has not yet been achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the most up-to-date data for neurodegenerative diseases, but most importantly, to summarize the available delivery systems incorporating proteins, peptides, and genes that can potentially target such diseases and pass into the blood-brain barrier. The authors highlight the advancements, at present, on delivery based on the carrier, i.e., lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, as well as the recent studies on radiopharmaceutical theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz Erim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Çağlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Evren Gündoğdu
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Rabia Edibe Parlar Köprülü
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | | | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh S, Sharma N, Sachdeva M, Behl T, Zahoor I, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Alsubayiel AM, Dailah HG, Naved T, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L. Focusing the pivotal role of nanotechnology in Huntington's disease: an insight into the recent advancements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73809-73827. [PMID: 36100788 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the loss of neuronal capacity and structure over time which causes neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson, and Huntington's disease (HD). This review is primarily concerned with HD, which was fully described by George Huntington in 1872. In developed countries, HD has become another common single-gene neurological disorder. Because of its autosomal dominant inheritance, the sickness affects both individuals and their families. Huntington disease has been recognized as a disorder that affects the complete body and brain in which the mutant huntingtin polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence is extensively increased and gets correlated to CAG trinucleotide which codes for glutamine (Q). These proteins have characteristics that produce apoptosis and dysfunction. HD is a lethal condition which needs an immediate diagnosis and treatment, and therefore, nanoparticle has come into sight out as opportunistic strategies for treatment of HD. Nanostructures have great potential to cross the blood brain barrier and also prevent breakdown of active molecule and reduces the drug toxicity. This review explains the distinguishing symptoms, genetics, and stages during the development of Huntington's disease, and also provides an overview of HD with an emphasis on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. This review focuses on the latest studies on nanotechnology-related technologies, i.e., magnetic nanoparticle, solid lipid nanoparticle, and polymeric nanoparticle for Huntington's disease treatment. The pioneering patents and in-progress clinical trials related to Huntington's disease has also been summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatimah College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, 248007, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Naved
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, 248007, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nayak A, Warrier NM, Kumar P. Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Targeting the Critical Crosstalk through Nanocarrier Systems. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2209-2233. [PMID: 35876959 PMCID: PMC9489588 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer development due to multiple universal features that transcend heterogeneity and niche specifications, like promoting cancer progression and metastasis. As a result of their preponderant involvement in tumor growth and maintenance through several microsystemic alterations, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, TMEs make for ideal targets in both diagnostic and therapeutic ventures. Correspondingly, methodologies to target TMEs have been investigated this past decade as stratagems of significant potential in the genre of focused cancer treatment. Within targeted oncotherapy, nanomedical derivates-nanocarriers (NCs) especially-have emerged to present notable prospects in enhancing targeting specificity. Yet, one major issue in the application of NCs in microenvironmental directed therapy is that TMEs are too broad a spectrum of targeting possibilities for these carriers to be effectively employed. However, cancer stem cells (CSCs) might portend a solution to the above conundrum: aside from being quite heavily invested in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, CSCs also show self-renewal and fluid clonogenic properties that often define specific TME niches. Further scrutiny of the relationship between CSCs and TMEs also points towards mechanisms that underly tumoral characteristics of metastasis, malignancy, and even resistance. This review summarizes recent advances in NC-enabled targeting of CSCs for more holistic strikes against TMEs and discusses both the current challenges that hinder the clinical application of these strategies as well as the avenues that can further CSC-targeting initiatives. Central role of CSCs in regulation of cellular components within the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadya Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Neerada Meenakshi Warrier
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pinto M, Silva V, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Borges F, Fernandes C. Brain drug delivery and neurodegenerative diseases: Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles as a forefront platform. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101658. [PMID: 35660114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is a deadlock. Due to their complex etiology and high heterogeneity, progresses in the development of novel NDs therapies have been slow, raising social/economic and medical concerns. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine evolved exponentially in recent years and presented a panoply of tools projected to improve diagnosis and treatment. Drug-loaded nanosystems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), were successfully used to address numerous drug glitches, such as efficacy, bioavailability and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), mainly based on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), have been already validated and approved for the treatment of cancer, neurologic dysfunctions and hormonal-related diseases. Despite promising no PNPs-based therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is available up to date. To stimulate the research in the area the studies performed so far with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as the techniques aimed to improve PNPs BBB permeability and drug targeting were revised. Bearing in mind NDs pharmacological therapy landscape huge efforts must be done in finding new therapeutic solutions along with the translation of the most promising results to the clinic, which hopefully will converge in the development of effective drugs in a foreseeable future.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kacher R, Mounier C, Caboche J, Betuing S. Altered Cholesterol Homeostasis in Huntington’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:797220. [PMID: 35517051 PMCID: PMC9063567 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.797220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in the first exon of Huntingtin’s gene. The associated neurodegeneration mainly affects the striatum and the cortex at early stages and progressively spreads to other brain structures. Targeting HD at its earlier stages is under intense investigation. Numerous drugs were tested, with a rate of success of only 3.5% approved molecules used as symptomatic treatment. The restoration of cholesterol metabolism, which is central to the brain homeostasis and strongly altered in HD, could be an interesting disease-modifying strategy. Cholesterol is an essential membrane component in the central nervous system (CNS); alterations of its homeostasis have deleterious consequences on neuronal functions. The levels of several sterols, upstream of cholesterol, are markedly decreased within the striatum of HD mouse model. Transcription of cholesterol biosynthetic genes is reduced in HD cell and mouse models as well as post-mortem striatal and cortical tissues from HD patients. Since the dynamic of brain cholesterol metabolism is complex, it is essential to establish the best method to target it in HD. Cholesterol, which does not cross the blood-brain-barrier, is locally synthesized and renewed within the brain. All cell types in the CNS synthesize cholesterol during development but as they progress through adulthood, neurons down-regulate their cholesterol synthesis and turn to astrocytes for their full supply. Cellular levels of cholesterol reflect the dynamic balance between synthesis, uptake and export, all integrated into the context of the cross talk between neurons and glial cells. In this review, we describe the latest advances regarding the role of cholesterol deregulation in neuronal functions and how this could be a determinant factor in neuronal degeneration and HD progression. The pathways and major mechanisms by which cholesterol and sterols are regulated in the CNS will be described. From this overview, we discuss the main clinical strategies for manipulating cholesterol metabolism in the CNS, and how to reinstate a proper balance in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Kacher
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Coline Mounier
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sandrine Betuing,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taliyan R, Kakoty V, Sarathlal KC, Kharavtekar SS, Karennanavar CR, Choudhary YK, Singhvi G, Riadi Y, Dubey SK, Kesharwani P. Nanocarrier mediated drug delivery as an impeccable therapeutic approach against Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2022; 343:528-550. [PMID: 35114208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the past several years, dementia, is one of the predominantly observed groups of symptoms in a geriatric population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive memory related neurodegenerative disease, for which the current Food and drug administration approved therapeutics are only meant for a symptomatic management rather than targeting the root cause of AD. These therapeutics belong to two classes, Acetylcholine Esterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate antagonist. Furthermore, to facilitate neuroprotective action in AD, the drugs are majorly expected to reach the specific target area in the brain for the desired efficacy. Thus, there is a huge requirement for drug discovery and development for facilitating the entry of drugs more in brain to exert a specific action. The very first line of defense and the major limitation for the entry of drugs into the brain is the Blood Brain Barrier, followed by Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. More than a barrier, these mainly act as selectively permeable membranes, which allows entry of specific molecules into the brain. Furthermore, specific enzymes result in the degradation of xenobiotics. All these mechanisms pose as hurdles in the way of effective drug delivery in the brain. Thus, novel techniques need to be harbored for the facilitation of the delivery of such drugs into the brain. Nanocarriers are advantageous for facilitating the specific targeted drug treatment in AD. As nanomedicines are one of the novels and most useful approaches for AD, thus the present review mainly focuses on understanding the advanced use of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in the management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Violina Kakoty
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - K C Sarathlal
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanskruti Santosh Kharavtekar
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chandrashekar R Karennanavar
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Gautam Singhvi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Valadão KMG, Luizeti BO, Yamaguchi MU, Issy AC, Bernuci MP. Nanotechnology in Improving the Treatment of Huntington’s Disease: a Systematic Review. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:636-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Vega OM, Cepeda C. Converging evidence in support of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential therapy for Huntington's disease symptoms. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:871-886. [PMID: 33818039 PMCID: PMC10017201 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic, inexorably fatal neurodegenerative disease. Patient average survivability is up to 20 years after the onset of symptoms. Those who suffer from the disease manifest motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. There is indirect evidence suggesting that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) could have alleviating effects on most of HD symptoms. These include beneficial effects against cachexia and weight loss, decrease of cognitive impairment over time, and improvement of psychiatric symptoms such as depression and irritability. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between consumption of ω-3 PUFAs in diets and prevalence of HD, as well as direct effects on the disease via release of serotonin. Unfortunately, to date, very few studies have examined the effects of ω-3 PUFAs in HD, both on the symptoms and on disease progression. This paper reviews evidence in the literature suggesting that ω-3 PUFAs can be used in neurodegenerative disorders. This information can be extrapolated to support further research of ω-3 PUFAs and their potential use for HD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Vega
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Joshi BS, Youssef SA, Bron R, de Bruin A, Kampinga HH, Zuhorn IS. DNAJB6b-enriched small extracellular vesicles decrease polyglutamine aggregation in in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington disease. iScience 2021; 24:103282. [PMID: 34755099 PMCID: PMC8564107 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by aggregation of huntingtin (HTT) protein containing expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts. DNAJB6, a member of the DNAJ chaperone family, was reported to efficiently inhibit polyQ aggregation in vitro, in cell models, and in vivo in flies, xenopus, and mice. For the delivery of exogenous DNAJB6 to the brain, the DNAJB6 needs to be protected against (enzymatic) degradation and show good penetration into brain tissue. Here, we tested the potential of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) for delivery of DNAJB6 as anti-amyloidogenic cargo. Administration of sEVs isolated from DNAJB6-overexpressing cells to cells expressing expanded polyQ tracts suppressed HTT aggregation. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of DNAJB6-enriched sEVs into R6/2 transgenic HD mice significantly reduced mutant HTT aggregation in the brain. Taken together, our data suggest that sEV-mediated molecular chaperone delivery may hold potential to delay disease onset in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree S. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sameh A. Youssef
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Bron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm H. Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Riccardi C, Napolitano F, Montesarchio D, Sampaolo S, Melone MAB. Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1897. [PMID: 34834311 PMCID: PMC8623286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as 'protein misfolding' diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified according to their known genetic mechanisms and/or the main protein involved in disease onset and progression. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are included under this nosographic umbrella, sharing histopathologically salient features, including deposition of insoluble proteins, activation of glial cells, loss of neuronal cells and synaptic connectivity. To date, there are no effective cures or disease-modifying therapies for these NDs. Several compounds have not shown efficacy in clinical trials, since they generally fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that greatly limits the brain internalization of endogenous substances. By engineering materials of a size usually within 1-100 nm, nanotechnology offers an alternative approach for promising and innovative therapeutic solutions in NDs. Nanoparticles can cross the BBB and release active molecules at target sites in the brain, minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanoengineered delivery systems for brain targeting in the treatment of AD, PD and HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Simone Sampaolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui W, Fu W, Lin Y, Zhang T. Application of Nanomaterials in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:83-94. [PMID: 32213159 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200326093410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are very harmful brain lesions. Due to the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic drugs, the best treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is often not available. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier can effectively prevent the transfer of cells, particles and macromolecules (such as drugs) in the brain, resulting in the failure of the traditional drug delivery system to provide adequate cellular structure repair and connection modes, which are crucial for the functional recovery of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanomaterials are designed to carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier for targets. Nanotechnology uses engineering materials or equipment to interact with biological systems at the molecular level to induce physiological responses through stimulation, response and target site interactions, while minimizing the side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Some magnetic nanomaterials play a role as imaging agents or nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assist in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the current research on nanomaterials is not as useful as expected in clinical applications, it achieves a major breakthrough and guides the future development direction of nanotechnology in the application of neurodegenerative diseases. This review briefly discusses the application and advantages of nanomaterials in neurodegenerative diseases. Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and references from relevant articles published in English between 2015 and 2019 using the search terms "nanomaterials", "neurodegenerative diseases" and "blood-brain barrier".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Graphical abstract [Formula: see text].
Collapse
|
24
|
Cunha A, Gaubert A, Latxague L, Dehay B. PLGA-Based Nanoparticles for Neuroprotective Drug Delivery in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1042. [PMID: 34371733 PMCID: PMC8309027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has become one of the most challenging topics of the last decades due to their prevalence and increasing societal cost. The crucial point of the non-invasive therapeutic strategy for neurological disorder treatment relies on the drugs' passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Indeed, this biological barrier is involved in cerebral vascular homeostasis by its tight junctions, for example. One way to overcome this limit and deliver neuroprotective substances in the brain relies on nanotechnology-based approaches. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are biocompatible, non-toxic, and provide many benefits, including improved drug solubility, protection against enzymatic digestion, increased targeting efficiency, and enhanced cellular internalization. This review will present an overview of the latest findings and advances in the PLGA NP-based approach for neuroprotective drug delivery in the case of neurodegenerative disease treatment (i.e., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral, and Multiple Sclerosis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cunha
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laurent Latxague
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li QY, Lee JH, Kim HW, Jin GZ. Research Models of the Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:917-930. [PMID: 34181202 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases and damages come in many forms such as neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and stroke. Millions of people currently suffer from neurological diseases worldwide. While Challenges of current diagnosis and treatment for neurological diseases are the drug delivery to the central nervous system. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) limits the drug from reaching the targeted site thus showing poor effects. Nanoparticles that have advantage of the assembly at the nanoscale of available biomaterials can provide a delivery platform with potential to raising brain levels of either imaging therapeutic drugs or imaging. Therefore, successful modeling of the BBB is another crucial factor for the development of nanodrugs. In this review, we analyze the in vitro and in vivo findings achieved in various models, and outlook future development of nanodrugs for the successful treatment of brain diseases and damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji , China
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK.
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Di Pardo A, Monyror J, Morales LC, Kadam V, Lingrell S, Maglione V, Wozniak RW, Sipione S. Mutant huntingtin interacts with the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and impairs their nuclear import. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:418-431. [PMID: 31875875 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain cholesterol homeostasis is altered in Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG nucleotide repeat in the HTT gene. Genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids were shown to be downregulated shortly after the expression of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in inducible HD cells. Nuclear levels of the transcription factors that regulate lipid biogenesis, the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP1 and SREBP2), were found to be decreased in HD models compared to wild-type, but the underlying causes were not known. SREBPs are synthesized as inactive endoplasmic reticulum-localized precursors. Their mature forms (mSREBPs) are generated upon transport of the SREBP precursors to the Golgi and proteolytic cleavage, and are rapidly imported into the nucleus by binding to importin β. We show that, although SREBP2 processing into mSREBP2 is not affected in YAC128 HD mice, mSREBP2 is mislocalized to the cytoplasm. Chimeric mSREBP2-and mSREBP1-EGFP proteins are also mislocalized to the cytoplasm in immortalized striatal cells expressing mHTT, in YAC128 neurons and in fibroblasts from HD patients. We further show that mHTT binds to the SREBP2/importin β complex required for nuclear import and sequesters it in the cytoplasm. As a result, HD cells fail to upregulate cholesterogenic genes under sterol-depleted conditions. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the downregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in HD models, and have potential implications for other pathways modulated by SREBPs, including autophagy and excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Di Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John Monyror
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Luis Carlos Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vaibhavi Kadam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Susanne Lingrell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vittorio Maglione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Richard W Wozniak
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Birolini G, Verlengia G, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Conforti P, Cordiglieri C, Caccia C, Leoni V, Taroni F, Biella G, Simonato M, Cattaneo E, Valenza M. SREBP2 gene therapy targeting striatal astrocytes ameliorates Huntington's disease phenotypes. Brain 2021; 144:3175-3190. [PMID: 33974044 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cholesterol is produced mainly by astrocytes and is important for neuronal function. Its biosynthesis is severely reduced in mouse models of Huntington's disease. One possible mechanism is a diminished nuclear translocation of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and, consequently, reduced activation of SREBP-controlled genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Here we evaluated the efficacy of a gene therapy based on the unilateral intra-striatal injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 2/5 (AAV2/5) targeting astrocytes specifically and carrying the transcriptionally active N-terminal fragment of human SREBP2. Robust hSREBP2 expression in striatal glial cells in R6/2 Huntington's disease mice activated the transcription of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway genes, restored synaptic transmission, reversed Drd2 transcript levels decline, cleared mutant Huntingtin aggregates and attenuated behavioral deficits. We conclude that glial SREBP2 participates in Huntington's disease brain pathogenesis in vivo and that AAV-based delivery of SREBP2 to astrocytes counteracts key features of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of BioMedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Desio, ASST Monza, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of BioMedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ho LWC, Yin B, Dai G, Choi CHJ. Effect of Surface Modification with Hydrocarbyl Groups on the Exocytosis of Nanoparticles. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1019-1030. [PMID: 33169977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Designing nanoparticles (NPs) with desirable cell type-specific exocytosis properties, say promoting their exocytosis from scavenging cell types (e.g., macrophages and endothelial cells) or suppressing their exocytosis from target disease cell types (e.g., cancer cells), improves the application of nanomedicines. However, the design parameters available for tuning the exocytosis of NPs remain scarce in the "nano-cell" literature. Here, we demonstrate that surface modification of NPs with hydrocarbyl functional groups, commonly found in biomolecules and NP-based drug carriers, is a critical parameter for tuning the exocytosis of NPs from RAW264.7 macrophages, C166 endothelial cells, and HeLa epithelial cancer cells. To exclude the effect of hydrophobicity, we prepare a collection of hydrophilic NPs that bear a gold NP (AuNP) core, a dense polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell, and different types of hydrocarbyl groups (X) that are attached to the distal end of the PEG strands (termed "Au@PEG-X NPs"). For all three cell types tested, modification of NPs with straight-chain dodecane leads to a >10-fold increase in the level of cellular uptake, drastically higher than those of all other types of X tested. However, the probability of exocytosis of NPs significantly depends on the types of cell and X. Notably, NPs modified with cyclododecanes are most likely to be exocytosed by RAW264.7 and C166 cells (but not HeLa cells), accompanied by the release of intralumenal vesicles to the extracellular milieu. These data suggest a reductionist approach for rationally assembling bionanomaterials for nanomedicine applications by using hydrocarbyl functional groups as building blocks.
Collapse
|
29
|
Iuliano M, Seeley C, Sapp E, Jones EL, Martin C, Li X, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Disposition of Proteins and Lipids in Synaptic Membrane Compartments Is Altered in Q175/Q7 Huntington's Disease Mouse Striatum. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:618391. [PMID: 33815086 PMCID: PMC8013775 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.618391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction at synapses is thought to be an early change contributing to cognitive, psychiatric and motor disturbances in Huntington's disease (HD). In neurons, mutant Huntingtin collects in aggregates and distributes to the same sites as wild-type Huntingtin including on membranes and in synapses. In this study, we investigated the biochemical integrity of synapses in HD mouse striatum. We performed subcellular fractionation of striatal tissue from 2 and 6-month old knock-in Q175/Q7 HD and Q7/Q7 mice. Compared to striata of Q7/Q7 mice, proteins including GLUT3, Na+/K+ ATPase, NMDAR 2b, PSD95, and VGLUT1 had altered distribution in Q175/Q7 HD striata of 6-month old mice but not 2-month old mice. These proteins are found on plasma membranes and pre- and postsynaptic membranes supporting hypotheses that functional changes at synapses contribute to cognitive and behavioral symptoms of HD. Lipidomic analysis of mouse fractions indicated that compared to those of wild-type, fractions 1 and 2 of 6 months Q175/Q7 HD had altered levels of two species of PIP2, a phospholipid involved in synaptic signaling, increased levels of cholesterol ester and decreased cardiolipin species. At 2 months, increased levels of species of acylcarnitine, phosphatidic acid and sphingomyelin were measured. EM analysis showed that the contents of fractions 1 and 2 of Q7/Q7 and Q175/Q7 HD striata had a mix of isolated synaptic vesicles, vesicle filled axon terminals singly or in clusters, and ER and endosome-like membranes. However, those of Q175/Q7 striata contained significantly fewer and larger clumps of particles compared to those of Q7/Q7. Human HD postmortem putamen showed differences from control putamen in subcellular distribution of two proteins (Calnexin and GLUT3). Our biochemical, lipidomic and EM analysis show that the presence of the HD mutation conferred age dependent disruption of localization of synaptic proteins and lipids important for synaptic function. Our data demonstrate concrete biochemical changes suggesting altered integrity of synaptic compartments in HD mice that may mirror changes in HD patients and presage cognitive and psychiatric changes that occur in premanifest HD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ngowi EE, Wang YZ, Qian L, Helmy YASH, Anyomi B, Li T, Zheng M, Jiang ES, Duan SF, Wei JS, Wu DD, Ji XY. The Application of Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases and Disorders. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:629832. [PMID: 33738278 PMCID: PMC7960921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.629832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain is by far the most complex organ in the body. It is involved in the regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional activities. The organ is also a target for many diseases and disorders ranging from injuries to cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain diseases are the main causes of disability and one of the leading causes of deaths. Several drugs that have shown potential in improving brain structure and functioning in animal models face many challenges including the delivery, specificity, and toxicity. For many years, researchers have been facing challenge of developing drugs that can cross the physical (blood–brain barrier), electrical, and chemical barriers of the brain and target the desired region with few adverse events. In recent years, nanotechnology emerged as an important technique for modifying and manipulating different objects at the molecular level to obtain desired features. The technique has proven to be useful in diagnosis as well as treatments of brain diseases and disorders by facilitating the delivery of drugs and improving their efficacy. As the subject is still hot, and new research findings are emerging, it is clear that nanotechnology could upgrade health care systems by providing easy and highly efficient diagnostic and treatment methods. In this review, we will focus on the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and disorders by illuminating the potential of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yasmeen Ahmed Saleheldin Hassan Helmy
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bright Anyomi
- Brain Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - En-She Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Nursing and Health, Institutes of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jian-She Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Brain Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Insights into kinetics, release, and behavioral effects of brain-targeted hybrid nanoparticles for cholesterol delivery in Huntington's disease. J Control Release 2021; 330:587-598. [PMID: 33412229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplementing brain cholesterol is emerging as a potential treatment for Huntington's disease (HD), a genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized, among other abnormalities, by inefficient brain cholesterol biosynthesis. However, delivering cholesterol to the brain is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents it from reaching the striatum, especially, with therapeutically relevant doses. Here we describe the distribution, kinetics, release, and safety of novel hybrid polymeric nanoparticles made of PLGA and cholesterol which were modified with an heptapeptide (g7) for BBB transit (hybrid-g7-NPs-chol). We show that these NPs rapidly reach the brain and target neural cells. Moreover, deuterium-labeled cholesterol from hybrid-g7-NPs-chol is released in a controlled manner within the brain and accumulates over time, while being rapidly removed from peripheral tissues and plasma. We confirm that systemic and repeated injections of the new hybrid-g7-NPs-chol enhanced endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis, prevented cognitive decline, and ameliorated motor defects in HD animals, without any inflammatory reaction. In summary, this study provides insights about the benefits and safety of cholesterol delivery through advanced brain-permeable nanoparticles for HD treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Germain M, Caputo F, Metcalfe S, Tosi G, Spring K, Åslund AKO, Pottier A, Schiffelers R, Ceccaldi A, Schmid R. Delivering the power of nanomedicine to patients today. J Control Release 2020; 326:164-171. [PMID: 32681950 PMCID: PMC7362824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The situation of the COVID-19 pandemic reminds us that we permanently need high-value flexible solutions to urgent clinical needs including simplified diagnostic technologies suitable for use in the field and for delivering targeted therapeutics. From our perspective nanotechnology is revealed as a vital resource for this, as a generic platform of technical solutions to tackle complex medical challenges. It is towards this perspective and focusing on nanomedicine that we take issue with Prof Park's recent editorial published in the Journal of Controlled Release. Prof. Park argued that in the last 15 years nanomedicine failed to deliver the promised innovative clinical solutions to the patients (Park, K. The beginning of the end of the nanomedicine hype. Journal of Controlled Release, 2019; 305, 221-222 [1]. We, the ETPN (European Technology Platform on Nanomedicine) [2], respectfully disagree. In fact, the more than 50 formulations currently in the market, and the recent approval of 3 key nanomedicine products (e. g. Onpattro, Hensify and Vyxeos), have demonstrated that the nanomedicine field is concretely able to design products that overcome critical barriers in conventional medicine in a unique manner, but also to deliver within the cells new drug-free therapeutic effects by using pure physical modes of action, and therefore make a difference in patients lives. Furthermore, the >400 nanomedicine formulations currently in clinical trials are expecting to bring novel clinical solutions (e.g. platforms for nucleic acid delivery), alone or in combination with other key enabling technologies to the market, including biotechnologies, microfluidics, advanced materials, biomaterials, smart systems, photonics, robotics, textiles, Big Data and ICT (information & communication technologies) more generally. However, we agree with Prof. Park that " it is time to examine the sources of difficulty in clinical translation of nanomedicine and move forward ". But for reaching this goal, the investments to support clinical translation of promising nanomedicine formulations should increase, not decrease. As recently encouraged by EMA in its roadmap to 2025, we should create more unity through a common knowledge hub linking academia, industry, healthcare providers and hopefully policy makers to reduce the current fragmentation of the standardization and regulatory body landscape. We should also promote a strategy of cross-technology innovation, support nanomedicine development as a high value and low-cost solution to answer unmet medical needs and help the most promising innovative projects of the field to get better and faster to the clinic. This global vision is the one that the ETPN chose to encourage for the last fifteen years. All actions should be taken with a clear clinical view in mind, " without any fanfare", to focus "on what matters in real life", which is the patient and his/her quality of life. This ETPN overview of achievements in nanomedicine serves to reinforce our drive towards further expanding and growing the maturity of nanomedicine for global healthcare, accelerating the pace of transformation of its great potential into tangible medical breakthroughs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Su Metcalfe
- LIFNano Therapeutics, 10 Fendon Road, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Cambridge CB1 7RT, UK
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Kathleen Spring
- Gesellschaft fuer Bioanalytik Muenster e.V., Mendelstrasse 17, 48151 Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas K O Åslund
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Agnes Pottier
- ETPN association, 64-66 rue des archives, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Raymond Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth Schmid
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Birolini G, Valenza M, Di Paolo E, Vezzoli E, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Caccia C, Leoni V, Taroni F, Bocchi VD, Conforti P, Sogne E, Petricca L, Cariulo C, Verani M, Caricasole A, Falqui A, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Striatal infusion of cholesterol promotes dose-dependent behavioral benefits and exerts disease-modifying effects in Huntington's disease mice. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12519. [PMID: 32959531 PMCID: PMC7539329 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms are implicated in Huntington's disease (HD). Among them, reduced cholesterol biosynthesis has been detected in the HD mouse brain from pre-symptomatic stages, leading to diminished cholesterol synthesis, particularly in the striatum. In addition, systemic injection of cholesterol-loaded brain-permeable nanoparticles ameliorates synaptic and cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of HD. To identify an appropriate treatment regimen and gain mechanistic insights into the beneficial activity of exogenous cholesterol in the HD brain, we employed osmotic mini-pumps to infuse three escalating doses of cholesterol directly into the striatum of HD mice in a continuous and rate-controlled manner. All tested doses prevented cognitive decline, while amelioration of disease-related motor defects was dose-dependent. In parallel, we found morphological and functional recovery of synaptic transmission involving both excitatory and inhibitory synapses of striatal medium spiny neurons. The treatment also enhanced endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and clearance of mutant Huntingtin aggregates. These results indicate that cholesterol infusion to the striatum can exert a dose-dependent, disease-modifying effect and may be therapeutically relevant in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Di Paolo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Valerio Leoni
- School of Medicine and SurgeryMonza and Laboratory of Clinical PathologyHospital of DesioASST‐MonzaUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Vittoria D Bocchi
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Elisa Sogne
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) DivisionNABLA LabKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Lara Petricca
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Cristina Cariulo
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Margherita Verani
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Andrea Caricasole
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) DivisionNABLA LabKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Joshi BS, Zuhorn IS. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan-mediated dynamin-dependent transport of neural stem cell exosomes in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:706-719. [PMID: 32939863 PMCID: PMC7891616 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is greatly hampered by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which tightly regulates the passage of molecules from blood to brain and vice versa. Nanocarriers, in which drugs can be encapsulated, can move across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via the process of transcytosis, thus showing promise to improve drug delivery to the brain. Here, we demonstrate the use of natural nanovesicles, that is, exosomes, derived from C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs) to efficiently carry a protein cargo across an in vitro BBB model consisting of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We show that the exosomes are primarily taken up in brain endothelial cells via endocytosis, while heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as receptors. Taken together, our data support the view that NSC exosomes may act as biological nanocarriers for efficient passage across the BBB. Nanomedicines that target HSPGs may improve their binding to brain endothelial cells and, possibly, show subsequent transcytosis across the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree S Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge S Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duskey JT, Ottonelli I, Da Ros F, Vilella A, Zoli M, Kovachka S, Spyrakis F, Vandelli MA, Tosi G, Ruozi B. Novel peptide-conjugated nanomedicines for brain targeting: In vivo evidence. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Mystery of Expansion: DNA Metabolism and Unstable Repeats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1241:101-124. [PMID: 32383118 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41283-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian genome mostly contains repeated sequences. Some of these repeats are in the regulatory elements of genes, and their instability, particularly the propensity to change the repeat unit number, is responsible for 36 well-known neurodegenerative human disorders. The mechanism of repeat expansion has been an unsolved question for more than 20 years. There are a few hypotheses describing models of mutation development. Every hypothesis is based on assumptions about unusual secondary structures that violate DNA metabolism processes in the cell. Some models are based on replication errors, and other models are based on mismatch repair or base excision repair errors. Additionally, it has been shown that epigenetic regulation of gene expression can influence the probability and frequency of expansion. In this review, we consider the molecular bases of repeat expansion disorders and discuss possible mechanisms of repeat expansion during cell metabolism.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee LKC, Leong LI, Liu Y, Luo M, Chan HYE, Choi CHJ. Preclinical Nanomedicines for Polyglutamine-Based Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:610-626. [PMID: 32584043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, such as Huntington's disease and several types of spinocerebellar ataxias, are dominantly inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorders and characterized by the presence of expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats in the respective disease locus of the patient genomes. Patients with polyQ diseases currently need to rely on symptom-relieving treatments because disease-modifying therapeutic interventions remain scarce. Many disease-modifying therapeutic agents are now under clinical testing for treating polyQ diseases, but their delivery to the brain is often too invasive (e.g., intracranial injection) or inefficient, owing to in vivo degradation and clearance by physiological barriers (e.g., oral and intravenous administration). Nanoparticles provide a feasible solution for improving drug delivery to the brain, as evidenced by an increasing number of preclinical studies that document the efficacy of nanomedicines for polyQ diseases over the past 5-6 years. In this review, we present the pathogenic mechanisms of polyQ diseases, the common animal models of polyQ diseases for evaluating the efficacy of nanomedicines, and the common administration routes for delivering nanoparticles to the brain. Next, we summarize the recent preclinical applications of nanomedicines for treating polyQ diseases and improving neurological conditions in vivo, placing emphasis on antisense oligonucleotides, small peptide inhibitors, and small molecules as the disease-modifying agents. We conclude with our perspectives of the burgeoning field of "nanomedicines for polyQ diseases", including the use of inorganic nanoparticles and potential drugs as next-generation nanomedicines, development of higher-order animal models of polyQ diseases, and importance of "brain-nano" interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
González-Guevara E, Cárdenas G, Pérez-Severiano F, Martínez-Lazcano JC. Dysregulated Brain Cholesterol Metabolism Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1113-1127. [PMID: 32410324 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon-1 of the huntingtin gene. Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and distribution have been reported in Huntington's disease, including abnormal interactions between mutant huntingtin and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, decreased levels of apolipoprotein E/cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein receptor complexes, and alterations in the synthesis of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholestrol, a key intermediary in cholesterol metabolism and a possible marker in neurodegenerative diseases, decreased proportionally to the degree of caudate nucleus atrophy. The interaction of mutant huntingtin with sterol regulatory element-binding proteins is of particular interest given that sterol regulatory element-binding proteins play a dual role: They take part in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, but also in the inflammatory response that induces immune cell migration as well as toxic effects, particularly in astrocytes. This work summarizes current evidence on the metabolic and immune implications of sterol regulatory element-binding protein dysregulation in Huntington's disease, highlighting the potential use of drugs that modulate these alterations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith González-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurología y Enfermedades Neuro-Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cano A, Sánchez-López E, Ettcheto M, López-Machado A, Espina M, Souto EB, Galindo R, Camins A, García ML, Turowski P. Current advances in the development of novel polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1239-1261. [PMID: 32370600 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective intervention is essential to combat the coming epidemic of neurodegenerative (ND) diseases. Nanomedicine can overcome restrictions of CNS delivery imposed by the blood-brain barrier, and thus be instrumental in preclinical discovery and therapeutic intervention of ND diseases. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have shown great potential and versatility to encapsulate several compounds simultaneously in controlled drug-delivery systems and target them to the deepest brain regions. Here, we critically review recent advances in the development of drugs incorporated into PNPs and summarize the molecular changes and functional effects achieved in preclinical models of the most common ND disorders. We also briefly discuss the many challenges remaining to translate these findings and technological advances successfully to current clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Ana López-Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ruth Galindo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Synthesis & Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patric Turowski
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nóbrega C, Conceição A, Costa RG, Koppenol R, Sequeira RL, Nunes R, Carmo-Silva S, Marcelo A, Matos CA, Betuing S, Caboche J, Cartier N, Alves S. The cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activates autophagy and decreases mutant huntingtin build-up in a neuroblastoma culture model of Huntington's disease. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:210. [PMID: 32276655 PMCID: PMC7149904 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compromised brain cholesterol turnover and altered regulation of brain cholesterol metabolism have been allied with some neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). Following our previous studies in HD, in this study we aim to investigate in vitro in a neuroblastoma cellular model of HD, the effect of CYP46A1 overexpression, an essential enzyme in cholesterol metabolism, on huntingtin aggregation and levels. RESULTS We found that CYP46A1 reduces the quantity and size of mutant huntingtin aggregates in cells, as well as the levels of mutant huntingtin protein. Additionally, our results suggest that the observed beneficial effects of CYP46A1 in HD cells are linked to the activation of autophagy. Taken together, our results further demonstrate that CYP46A1 is a pertinent target to counteract HD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clévio Nóbrega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal. .,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal. .,Algarve Biomedical Center, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal. .,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - André Conceição
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafael G Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rebekah Koppenol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel L Sequeira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Carmo-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Matos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Neuronal Signaling and Gene Regulation, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie, INSERM/UMR-S 1130, CNRS/UMR 8246, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Neuronal Signaling and Gene Regulation, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie, INSERM/UMR-S 1130, CNRS/UMR 8246, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Sandro Alves
- Brainvectis, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital Paris, 75646, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Passoni A, Favagrossa M, Colombo L, Bagnati R, Gobbi M, Diomede L, Birolini G, Di Paolo E, Valenza M, Cattaneo E, Salmona M. Efficacy of Cholesterol Nose-to-Brain Delivery for Brain Targeting in Huntington's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:367-372. [PMID: 31860272 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pharmacological treatment of Huntington's disease (HD) is palliative, and therapies to restore functions in patients are needed. One of the pathways affected in HD involves brain cholesterol (Chol) synthesis, which is essential for optimal synaptic transmission. Recently, it was reported that in a HD mouse model, the delivery of exogenous Chol to the brain with brain-permeable nanoparticles protected animals from cognitive decline and rescued synaptic communication, indicating Chol as a therapeutic candidate. We examined whether nose-to-brain delivery, already used in human therapy, could be an alternative, noninvasive strategy to deliver Chol to the adult brain and, in the future, replenish Chol in the HD brain. We gave wild-type (WT) mice a single intranasal (IN) dose of liposomes loaded with deuterium-labeled cholesterol (Chol-D6, to distinguish and quantify the exogenous cholesterol from the native one) (200 μg Chol-D6/dose). After different intervals, Chol-D6 levels, determined by LC-MS in plasma, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum, reached a steady-state concentration of 0.400 ng/mg between 24 and 72 h. A subsequent acute study confirmed the kinetic profiles of Chol-D6 in all tissues, indicating correspondence between the dose (two doses of 200 μg Chol-D6/dose) and the calculated brain area concentration (0.660 ng/mg). Finally, in WT mice given repeated IN doses, the average Chol-D6 level after 24 h was about 1.5 ng/mg in all brain areas. Our data indicate the effectiveness of IN Chol-loaded liposomes to deliver Chol in different brain regions, opening the way to future investigations in HD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Passoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Favagrossa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Paolo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Martinelli C, Pucci C, Battaglini M, Marino A, Ciofani G. Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901589. [PMID: 31854132 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still incurable and only symptomatic treatments are available. Oxidative stress is suggested to be a common hallmark, being able to cause and exacerbate the neuronal cell dysfunctions at the basis of these pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairments, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell membrane damages, and apoptosis induction. Several antioxidant compounds are tested as potential countermeasures for CNS disorders, but their efficacy is often hindered by the loss of antioxidant properties due to enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient blood-brain barrier crossing efficiency. To overcome the limitations of antioxidant molecules, exploitation of nanostructures, either for their delivery or with inherent antioxidant properties, is proposed. In this review, after a brief discussion concerning the role of the blood-brain barrier in the CNS and the involvement of oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative diseases, the most interesting research concerning the use of nano-antioxidants is introduced and discussed, focusing on the synthesis procedures, functionalization strategies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and on recent clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Battaglini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rajpoot K. Nanotechnology-based Targeting of Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Promising Tool for Efficient Delivery of Neuromedicines. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:819-836. [PMID: 31906836 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200106105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional drug delivery approaches remained ineffective in offering better treatment to various neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). In this context, diverse types of nanocarriers have shown their great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have emerged as a prominent carrier system in drug delivery. Moreover, nanotechnology-based methods usually involve numerous nanosized carrier platforms, which potentiate the effect of the therapeutic agents in the therapy of NDs especially in diagnosis and drug delivery with negligible side effects. In addition, nanotechnology-based techniques have offered several strategies to cross BBB to intensify the bioavailability of drug moieties in the brain. In the last few years, diverse kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by incorporating various biocompatible components (e.g., polysaccharide-based NPs, polymeric NPs, selenium NPs, AuNPs, protein-based NPs, gadolinium NPs, etc.), that showed great therapeutic benefits against NDs. Eventually, this review provides deep insights to explore recent applications of some innovative nanocarriers enclosing active molecules for the efficient treatment of NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Malachowski T, Hassel A. Engineering nanoparticles to overcome immunological barriers for enhanced drug delivery. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
45
|
Caboche J, Kacher R, Betuing S. Rétablir le métabolisme cérébral du cholestérol est neuro-protecteur dans la maladie de Huntington. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:12-15. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
46
|
Lombardo SM, Schneider M, Türeli AE, Günday Türeli N. Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:866-883. [PMID: 32551212 PMCID: PMC7277618 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases are a heavy burden on society and health care systems. Hence, the delivery of drugs to the brain has gained more and more interest. The brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier formed by the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvessels, which at the same time acts as a bottleneck for drug delivery by preventing the vast majority of drugs to reach the brain. To overcome this obstacle, drugs can be loaded inside nanoparticles that can carry the drug through the BBB. However, not all particles are able to cross the BBB and a multitude of factors needs to be taken into account when developing a carrier system for this purpose. Depending on the chosen pathway to cross the BBB, nanoparticle material, size and surface properties such as functionalization and charge should be tailored to fit the specific route of BBB crossing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Lombardo
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Akif E Türeli
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tosi G, Duskey JT, Kreuter J. Nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery of macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 17:23-32. [PMID: 31774000 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1698544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Current therapies of neurodegenerative or neurometabolic diseases are, to a large extent, hampered by the inability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This very tight barrier severely restricts the entrance of molecules from the blood into the brain, especially macromolecular substances (i.e. neurotrophic factors, enzymes, proteins, as well as genetic materials). Due to their size, physicochemical properties, and instability, the delivery of these materials is particularly difficult.Areas covered: Recent research showed that biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles possessing tailored surface properties can enable a delivery of drugs and specifically of macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier by using carrier systems of the brain capillary endothelium (Trojan Horse strategy). In the present review, the state-of-art of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery of different macromolecular substances into the brain following intravenous injection is summarized, and different nanomedicines that are used to enable the transport of neurotrophic factors and enzymes across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS are critically analyzed.Expert opinion: Brain delivery of macromolecules by an intravenous application using nanomedicines is now a growing area of interest which could be really translated into clinical application if dedicated effort will be given to industrial scale-up production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italia
| | - J T Duskey
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italia
| | - Jörg Kreuter
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nanomedicine Against Aβ Aggregation by β-Sheet Breaker Peptide Delivery: In Vitro Evidence. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110572. [PMID: 31683907 PMCID: PMC6920811 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) triggers a cascade of toxic events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The KLVFF peptide can interfere with Aβ aggregation. However, the peptide suffers from poor bioavailability and the inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this work, we study the possibility of adopting nanomedicine to overcome KLVFF limits in biodistribution. We produced new engineered polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and we evaluated the cellular toxicity of these NPs and validated that KVLFF peptides released by NPs show the same promising effects on AD pathology. Our results revealed the successful generation of KVLFF loaded NPs that, without significant effects on cell heath, are even more potent in reversing Aβ-induced pathologies compared to the free peptide. Therefore, NPs will significantly advance KVLFF treatment as a therapeutic option for AD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kevadiya BD, Ottemann BM, Thomas MB, Mukadam I, Nigam S, McMillan J, Gorantla S, Bronich TK, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Neurotheranostics as personalized medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:252-289. [PMID: 30421721 PMCID: PMC6486471 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discipline of neurotheranostics was forged to improve diagnostic and therapeutic clinical outcomes for neurological disorders. Research was facilitated, in largest measure, by the creation of pharmacologically effective multimodal pharmaceutical formulations. Deployment of neurotheranostic agents could revolutionize staging and improve nervous system disease therapeutic outcomes. However, obstacles in formulation design, drug loading and payload delivery still remain. These will certainly be aided by multidisciplinary basic research and clinical teams with pharmacology, nanotechnology, neuroscience and pharmaceutic expertise. When successful the end results will provide "optimal" therapeutic delivery platforms. The current report reviews an extensive body of knowledge of the natural history, epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics of neurologic disease with an eye on how, when and under what circumstances neurotheranostics will soon be used as personalized medicines for a broad range of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory and neuroinfectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brendan M Ottemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Midhun Ben Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saumya Nigam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Segatto M, Tonini C, Pfrieger FW, Trezza V, Pallottini V. Loss of Mevalonate/Cholesterol Homeostasis in the Brain: A Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rett Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133317. [PMID: 31284522 PMCID: PMC6651320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate (MVA)/cholesterol pathway is crucial for central nervous system (CNS) development and function and consequently, any dysfunction of this fundamental metabolic pathway is likely to provoke pathologic changes in the brain. Mutations in genes directly involved in MVA/cholesterol metabolism cause a range of diseases, many of which present neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. This raises the question whether other diseases presenting similar symptoms are related albeit indirectly to the MVA/cholesterol pathway. Here, we summarized the current literature suggesting links between MVA/cholesterol dysregulation and specific diseases, namely autism spectrum disorder and Rett syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Claudia Tonini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) CNRS UPR 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5, rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|