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Farooqui M, Shoaib S, Afaq H, Quadri S, Zaina F, Baig A, Liaquat A, Sarwar Z, Zafar A, Younus S. Bidirectionality of smoking and depression in adolescents: a systematic review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 45:e20210429. [PMID: 35738567 PMCID: PMC10416256 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, evidence has been accumulating that both smoking and mental health disorders are continuously increasing among adolescents. This systematic review elucidates the research into evidence of the direction of the association and risk factors influencing the relationship between smoking and depression. We also highlight recent studies on the effects of electronic cigarettes and developments on the association between depression and smoking. METHODS A literature search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in relevant neurology and psychiatry journals. Terms used for electronic searches included smoking, tobacco, cigarettes; depression; adolescent, youth; direction. Relevant information was then utilized to synthesize findings on the association between smoking and depression among adolescent population. RESULTS The initial database searches yielded 2,738 related articles. After screening and cross-referencing, duplicate articles, articles published in languages other than English, and studies on animals, social and lifestyle factors, mood disorders, and substance use were excluded. Of these, a total of 122 publications only focusing on smoking and depression in the adolescent population were selected for synthesis in this qualitative systemic review. These include 110 original research articles, eight meta-analyses and reviews, and four reports and websites. CONCLUSION The relationship between smoking and depression in the literature does not reflect the cause-effect relationship. The lack of evidence on the direction of the association may reflect futile study designs, confounding factors and/or use of indirect measures of depression and quantification of smoking. Future prospective randomized studies should target elucidation of the causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaHospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Samra Shoaib
- Department of PsychiatryNassau UniversityMedical CenterEast MeadowNYUSA Department of Psychiatry, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA.
| | - Humera Afaq
- Department of Public HealthNational UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Department of Public Health, National University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Syed Quadri
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fatima Zaina
- Department of PulmonologyZiauddin University and HospitalKarachiPakistan Department of Pulmonology, Ziauddin University and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Aqsa Baig
- Liaquat National HospitalMedical CollegeKarachiPakistan Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Liaquat
- Karachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachiPakistan Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Zoona Sarwar
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sana Younus
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Dieleman J, Sescousse G, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Luijten M. Investigating the association between smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and reward-related brain activity in adolescent experimental smokers. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13070. [PMID: 34263512 PMCID: PMC9285048 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduced anticipatory reward‐related activity, especially in the ventral striatum (VS), may underly adolescent vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. It remains unclear whether nicotine uptake caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, known to be associated with future smoking, might prompt similar changes in the brain's reward system, rendering adolescents vulnerable for development of nicotine dependence. To address this question, we tested whether current ETS exposure and monthly smoking are associated with VS hypoactivity for non‐drug rewards in experimental smoking adolescents. One‐hundred adolescents performed a monetary incentive delay task while brain activity was measured using fMRI. To test the hypothesized relationship, we used a variety of approaches: (1) a whole‐brain voxel‐wise approach, (2) an region‐of‐interest approach in the VS using frequentist and Bayesian statistics and (3) a small volume voxel‐wise approach across the complete striatum. The results converged in revealing no significant relationships between monthly smoking, ETS exposure and reward‐related brain activation across the brain or in the (ventral) striatum specifically. However, Bayesian statistics showed only anecdotal evidence for the null hypothesis in the VS, providing limited insight into the (non‐)existence of the hypothesized relationship. Based on these results, we speculate that blunted VS reward‐related activity might only occur after relatively high levels of exposure or might be associated with more long term effects of smoking. Future studies would benefit from even larger sample sizes to reliably distinguish between the null and alternative models, as well as more objective measures of (environmental) smoking via using devices such as silicone wristbands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Dieleman
- Department of Jeugd Trimbos Institute Utrecht Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | | | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Department of Jeugd Trimbos Institute Utrecht Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Social Sciences Utrecht University Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
- Pluryn Research and Development Nijmegen Netherlands
- Arizona State University REACH Institute Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
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Factors associated with smoking susceptibility among high school students in western Spain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1988. [PMID: 33479420 PMCID: PMC7820497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Expanded Susceptibility to Smoking Index (ESSI) is based on the combination of susceptibility to smoking and curiosity about smoking. The ESSI can identify young people who are at risk of starting to smoke cigarettes and related products. The objective of this study was to analyse the ESSI results and to examine factors associated with ESSI scores in students between 12 and 16 years of age. Sociodemographic, social/environmental and personal variables were analysed, and the ESSI value was determined for non-smoking students recruited from three schools in western Spain. Regression models were used to examine the factors associated with smoking for the entire sample and the factors associated with ESSI scores in the non-smoking population. Of the 377 participants who were analysed, 20.4% were smokers. Among the non-smokers, 53.5% and 55.3% presented medium-high ESSI scores for cigarettes and e-cigarettes, respectively, and 39.8% presented medium-high ESSI scores for hookah use. A higher ESSI score was associated with greater exposure to people smoking in the home, having more friends who smoke, alcohol consumption, and a higher impulsivity scale score. These findings reinforce the importance of reducing peer pressure and suggest the important role of resolve under conditions of positive affect on reducing impulsivity. Approaches based on self-efficacy could be addressed in preventive programmes developed in educational settings.
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Perry CL, Creamer MR, Chaffee BW, Unger JB, Sutfin EL, Kong G, Shang C, Clendennen SL, Krishnan-Sarin S, Pentz MA. Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1063-1076. [PMID: 31127298 PMCID: PMC7457341 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Tobacco Regulatory Science Program is a collaborative research effort between the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, the NIH funded 14 Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS), which serve as partners in establishing research, training, and professional development programs to guide FDA. Each of the fourteen TCORS, and two other NIH-funded research programs, the Center for the Evaluation of Nicotine in Cigarettes (CENIC) and the Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco (COMET), pursued specific research themes relevant to FDA's priorities. A key mandate for FDA is to reduce tobacco use among young people. This article is a review of the peer-reviewed research, including published and in-press manuscripts, from the TCORS, CENIC, and COMET, which provides specific data or other findings on youth (ages 10-18 years) and/or young adults (ages 18-34 years), from 2013 to 2018. Citations of all TCORS, CENIC, and COMET articles from September 2013 to December 2017 were collected by the TCORS coordinating center, the Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training and Research. Additional citations up to April 30, 2018 were requested from the principal investigators. A scoring rubric was developed and implemented to assess study type, primary theme, and FDA priority area addressed by each article. The major subareas and findings from each priority area are presented. There were 766 articles in total, with 258 (34%) focusing on youth and/or young adults. Findings relevant to FDA from this review concern impact analysis, toxicity, health effects, addiction, marketing influences, communications, and behavior. IMPLICATIONS The Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science, CENIC, and COMET have had a high output of scientific articles since 2013. These Centers are unique in that the FDA supports science specifically to guide future regulatory actions. The 258 articles that have focused on youth and/or young adults are providing data for regulatory actions by the FDA related to the key priority areas such as the addictiveness of non-cigarette products, the effects of exposure to electronic cigarette marketing on initiation and cessation, and the impact of flavored products on youth and young adult tobacco use. Future regulations to reduce tobacco use will be guided by the cumulative evidence. These Centers are one innovative mechanism to promote important outcomes to advance tobacco regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Perry
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | - MeLisa R Creamer
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | | | - Jennifer B Unger
- Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Ce Shang
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | | | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Israelashvili M, Ravid I. The Combined Impact of Risk vs. Protective Factors in Shaping Israeli Adolescents’ Cigarette Smoking. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Developing a Web-Based Smoking Cessation Program and Evaluating Its Effectiveness. Holist Nurs Pract 2018; 33:27-35. [PMID: 30422922 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study, which is based on the Stages of Change Model, aimed to develop a Web-based smoking cessation program and to evaluate its effectiveness. An interventional study with 1 group was conducted with college students from Afyon Kocatepe University. First, the Web-Based Smoking Cessation Program was set up (www.sbp.aku.edu.tr). The sample in this study was composed of the 433 students who were site members. The appropriate stages of the program were then sent to members' e-mail addresses at monthly intervals over a period of 6 months. Second, the effectiveness of the program was evaluated at the baseline, the third, and the sixth months of the study. The study was completed with 314 students. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, 1-way analysis of variance, and analysis of variance for repeated measures. There were significant developments in the self-efficacy, cognitive, and behavioral processes of students in the third and sixth months of the study. Students (2.5%) had quit smoking by the third month and 4.5% by the sixth month. These results reveal that the program was able to help students quit smoking, increase their self-efficacy, and develop the process of change regarding smoking cessation.
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Assari S, Mistry R, Caldwell CH. Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use among Caribbean Black Youth; Gender Differences. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E131. [PMID: 29987209 PMCID: PMC6071236 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although perceived discrimination in Black youth is a risk factor for a wide range of negative mental health outcomes, recent research has suggested some gender differences in these associations. Gender differences in vulnerability to perceived discrimination among Caribbean Black youth is, however, still unknown. The current cross-sectional study investigated gender variations in the association between perceived discrimination and substance use (SU) in a national sample of Caribbean Black youth. Data came from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescents (NSAL-A), 2003⁻2004. This analysis included 360 Caribbean Black youth (165 males and 195 females) who were between 13 and 17 years old. Sociodemographic factors, perceived discrimination, and SU were measured. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Among Caribbean Black youth, a positive association was found between perceived discrimination and SU (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02⁻1.29)). A significant interaction was found between gender and perceived discrimination on smoking (OR = 1.23 (95% CI = 1.07⁻1.41)) suggesting that the association between perceived discrimination and smoking is larger for male than female Caribbean Black youth. The interaction between gender and perceived discrimination on SU was not statistically significant (OR = 1.32 (95% CI = 0.94⁻1.86)). While perceived discrimination increases SU in Caribbean Black youth, this effect is stronger for males than females, especially for smoking. While discrimination should be reduced at all levels and for all populations, clinicians may specifically address discrimination for SU prevention and treatment among male Caribbean Black youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Anokhin AP, Golosheykin S. Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition in Adolescents Prospectively Predict Regular Tobacco Smoking. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 41:22-37. [PMID: 27392089 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2016.1195833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory deficits have been widely reported in addiction; however, it remains unclear whether such deficits represent a determinant or a consequence of substance use. Here we show, using a prospective longitudinal design, that developmental abnormalities in the neural correlates of response inhibition in adolescents increase the risk for subsequent cigarette smoking. Reduced No-Go P3 amplitude, delayed latency of Go P3 peak, and reduced synchrony of neuronal oscillations at age 14 prospectively predicted regular smoking at age 18. The present findings suggest that functional brain correlates of response inhibition represent a developmental marker of risk for future substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P Anokhin
- a School of Medicine , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri
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Crane NA, Gorka SM, Giedgowd GE, Conrad M, Langenecker SA, Mermelstein RJ, Kassel JD. Adolescent's respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with smoking rate five years later. Biol Psychol 2016; 118:107-113. [PMID: 27235685 PMCID: PMC4956523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulnerability factors like respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may help identify adolescents at risk for nicotine dependence. We examined if resting RSA and the acute effects of smoking on RSA was associated with cigarette smoking five years later among adolescents at high risk for smoking escalation and nicotine dependence. METHODS Sixty-nine adolescents participated in a baseline laboratory session- RSA was collected before and after smoking a single cigarette ad libitum. Participants were then followed for five years. RESULTS Lower pre-smoke resting RSA was related to higher past month smoking rate five years later, even after controlling for baseline smoking rate and other relevant covariates including gender, race/ethnicity, age of initiated use, and frequency of exercise at baseline (p=0.018). Exploratory analyses suggested resting RSA is an independent predictor of increased cigarette rate beyond other baseline predictors. CONCLUSIONS Low resting RSA may be a vulnerability factor, helping to identify adolescents at risk for cigarette escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road (M/C 275), Chicago, IL 60608, United States; Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (M/C 912), Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Grace E Giedgowd
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Megan Conrad
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (M/C 912), Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road (M/C 275), Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Jon D Kassel
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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Huong LT, Vu NTT, Dung NN, Xuan LTT, Giang KB, Hai PT, Huyen DT, Khue LN, Lam NT, Minh HV, Nga PTQ. Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam and Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking: Results from GYTS 2014 Data. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:17-23. [PMID: 27087178 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.s1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%- 3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Huong
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam E-mail :
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Lanza ST, Vasilenko SA. New methods shed light on age of onset as a risk factor for nicotine dependence. Addict Behav 2015; 50:161-4. [PMID: 26151579 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early onset of substance use is a risk factor for later drug use, abuse, and dependence. This study examines how the rate of nicotine dependence differs as a function of age of onset of regular smoking in continuous time, in order to identify critical age periods that are most predictive of later dependence for males and females. METHODS Time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) can reveal specific ages of onset that confer greatest risk for adult nicotine dependence. The rate of dependence in adulthood is modeled as a flexible function of age of onset using a subset of adults (N = 15,748) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions who ever smoked regularly. RESULTS The peak risk of adult nicotine dependence coincides with onset of regular use at approximately 10 years old, with an elevated risk persisting to 20 years. The risk of dependence is significantly higher for females compared to males for onset of regular use between ages 9 and 18. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the risk of adult nicotine dependence is highest when onset of regular smoking occurs at around 10 years, though the associated risk is high for ages of onset into young adulthood. Early onset of regular use is a relatively stronger risk factor for adolescent females than males. Smoking prevention programs should focus on late childhood through early adolescence, particularly among females. TVEM provides a more nuanced understanding of the risk associated with different ages of onset of health risk behaviors.
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Choi WS, Nazir N, Pacheco CM, Filippi MK, Pacheco J, White Bull J, Nance C, Faseru B, Greiner KA, Daley CM. Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics of American Indian Tribal College Students Participating in a Tribal College Tobacco and Behavioral Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:1488-93. [PMID: 26438647 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION American Indians (AIs) have the highest cigarette smoking rates of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. Although the overall smoking prevalence in the United States for nonminority populations has decreased over the past several decades, the same pattern is not observed among AIs. The purpose of this observational study was to collect cigarette smoking and related information from American Indian tribal college students to inform tailored interventions. METHODS We conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey of American Indian tribal college students, Tribal College Tobacco and Behavior Survey (TCTABS), with a focus on recruiting all incoming freshman at three participating tribal colleges in the Midwest and Northern Plains regions. A total of 1256 students participated in the baseline surveys between April 2011 and October 2014. RESULTS The overall smoking prevalence of this sample was 34.7%, with differences by region (Northern Plains-44.0% and Midwest-28%). The majority, 87.5% of current smokers reported smoking 10 or less cigarettes per day, 41% reported smoking menthol cigarettes, 52% smoked Marlboro brand, and the mean age of their first cigarette was 14 years. The majority, 62% had made at least one quit attempt in the past year. The overwhelming majority of respondents, regardless of their smoking status, thought that the current smoking prevalence on campus was greater than 41% and approximately one-third believed that it was as high as 61%. CONCLUSIONS Very few studies of smoking have been conducted in this population and results from our study confirm the need for effective interventions. IMPLICATIONS AIs have the highest cigarette smoking rates compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Furthermore, limited studies have examined the epidemiology of cigarette smoking among tribal college students. This study addresses health disparities related to smoking among college students by examining the demographic, cultural, and environmental characteristics of smoking and quitting. Results from this study could lead to the development of a culturally-tailored smoking cessation and prevention program for American Indian tribal college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won S Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS;
| | - Niaman Nazir
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Christina M Pacheco
- American Indian Health Research and Education Alliance, Inc, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Melissa K Filippi
- American Indian Health Research and Education Alliance, Inc, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Joseph Pacheco
- Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Julia White Bull
- Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Christi Nance
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Babalola Faseru
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - K Allen Greiner
- American Indian Health Research and Education Alliance, Inc, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Christine Makosky Daley
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; American Indian Health Research and Education Alliance, Inc, Kansas City, KS; Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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