1
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Sadeghinia MJ, Aguilera HM, Holzapfel GA, Urheim S, Persson RM, Ellensen VS, Haaverstad R, Skallerud B, Prot V. Mechanical Behavior and Collagen Structure of Degenerative Mitral Valve Leaflets and a Finite Element Model of Primary Mitral Regurgitation. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:269-281. [PMID: 37003496 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative mitral valve disease is the main cause of primary mitral regurgitation with two phenotypes: fibroelastic deficiency (FED) often with localized myxomatous degeneration and diffuse myxomatous degeneration or Barlow's disease. Myxomatous degeneration disrupts the microstructure of the mitral valve leaflets, particularly the collagen fibers, which affects the mechanical behavior of the leaflets. The present study uses biaxial mechanical tests and second harmonic generation microscopy to examine the mechanical behavior of Barlow and FED tissue. Three tissue samples were harvested from a FED patient and one sample is from a Barlow patient. Then we use an appropriate constitutive model by excluding the collagen fibers under compression. Finally, we built an FE model based on the echocardiography of patients diagnosed with FED and Barlow and the characterized material model and collagen fiber orientation. The Barlow sample and the FED sample from the most affected segment showed different mechanical behavior and collagen structure compared to the other two FED samples. The FE model showed very good agreement with echocardiography with 2.02±1.8 mm and 1.05±0.79 mm point-to-mesh distance errors for Barlow and FED patients, respectively. It has also been shown that the exclusion of collagen fibers under compression provides versatility for the material model; it behaves stiff in the belly region, preventing excessive bulging, while it behaves very softly in the commissures to facilitate folding. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Sadeghinia
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hans Martin Aguilera
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Stig Urheim
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Heart Disease, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Matongo Persson
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Heart Disease, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rune Haaverstad
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Heart Disease, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Skallerud
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victorien Prot
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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2
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Aghigh A, Bancelin S, Rivard M, Pinsard M, Ibrahim H, Légaré F. Second harmonic generation microscopy: a powerful tool for bio-imaging. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:43-70. [PMID: 36909955 PMCID: PMC9995455 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is an important optical imaging technique in a variety of applications. This article describes the history and physical principles of SHG microscopy and its more advanced variants, as well as their strengths and weaknesses in biomedical applications. It also provides an overview of SHG and advanced SHG imaging in neuroscience and microtubule imaging and how these methods can aid in understanding microtubule formation, structuration, and involvement in neuronal function. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future of these methods and how technological advancements can help make SHG microscopy a more widely adopted imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Aghigh
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
| | | | - Maxime Rivard
- National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC Canada
| | - Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Et Technologies Pour L’environnement Et L’agriculture, Paris, France
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
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3
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Borile G, Sandrin D, Filippi A, Anderson KI, Romanato F. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy: Much More Than Fancy Images. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2657. [PMID: 33800802 PMCID: PMC7961783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has recently passed the milestone of its first 30 years of activity in biomedical research. The growing interest around this approach has led to a variety of applications from basic research to clinical practice. Moreover, this technique offers the advantage of label-free multiphoton imaging to analyze samples without staining processes and the need for a dedicated system. Here, we review the state of the art of label-free techniques; then, we focus on two-photon autofluorescence as well as second and third harmonic generation, describing physical and technical characteristics. We summarize some successful applications to a plethora of biomedical research fields and samples, underlying the versatility of this technique. A paragraph is dedicated to an overview of sample preparation, which is a crucial step in every microscopy experiment. Afterwards, we provide a detailed review analysis of the main quantitative methods to extract important information and parameters from acquired images using second harmonic generation. Lastly, we discuss advantages, limitations, and future perspectives in label-free multiphoton microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Borile
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Kurt I. Anderson
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
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4
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Lee W, Moghaddam AO, Lin Z, McFarlin BL, Wagoner Johnson AJ, Toussaint KC. Quantitative Classification of 3D Collagen Fiber Organization From Volumetric Images. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:4425-4435. [PMID: 32833631 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3018939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibers in biological tissues have a complex 3D organization containing rich information linked to tissue mechanical properties and are affected by mutations that lead to diseases. Quantitative assessment of this 3D collagen fiber organization could help to develop reliable biomechanical models and understand tissue structure-function relationships, which impact diagnosis and treatment of diseases or injuries. While there are advanced techniques for imaging collagen fibers, published methods for quantifying 3D collagen fiber organization have been sparse and give limited structural information which cannot distinguish a wide range of 3D organizations. In this article, we demonstrate an algorithm for quantitative classification of 3D collagen fiber organization. The algorithm first simulates five groups, or classifications, of fiber organization: unidirectional, crimped, disordered, two-fiber family, and helical. These five groups are widespread in natural tissues and are known to affect the tissue's mechanical properties. We use quantitative metrics based on features such as preferred 3D fiber orientation and spherical variance to differentiate each classification in a repeatable manner. We validate our algorithm by applying it to second-harmonic generation images of collagen fibers in tendon and cervix tissue that has been sectioned in specified orientations, and we find strong agreement between classification from simulated data and the physical fiber organization. Our approach provides insight for interpreting 3D fiber organization directly from volumetric images. This algorithm could be applied to other fiber-like structures that are not necessarily made of collagen.
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Seet LF, Chu SWL, Teng X, Toh LZ, Wong TT. Assessment of progressive alterations in collagen organization in the postoperative conjunctiva by multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6495-6515. [PMID: 33282504 PMCID: PMC7687938 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) commonly fails due to excessive fibrosis. As collagen structure aberrations is implicated in adverse fibrotic progression, this study aims to uncover collagen organization alterations during postoperative scarring. Via quantitative second harmonic generation/two photon excitation multiphoton imaging, we reveal the scar development and phenotype in the mouse model of conjunctival scarring. We also show that multiphoton imaging corroborated the collagen ultrastructure anomaly characteristic of the SPARC-/- mouse postoperative conjunctiva. These data improve our understanding of postoperative conjunctival scarring and further enhance the utility of this model for the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics for GFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Co-corresponding authors
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Chen WC, Chen YJ, Lin ST, Hung WH, Chan MC, Wu IC, Wu MT, Kuo CT, Das S, Kao FJ, Zhuo GY. Label-free characterization of collagen fibers in cancerous esophagus tissues using ratiometric nonlinear optical microscopy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1213-1221. [PMID: 32536201 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220934039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The issue of classifying esophageal cancer at various developmental stages is crucial for determining the optimized treatment protocol for the patients, as well as the prognosis. Precision improvement in staging esophageal cancer keeps seeking quantitative and analytical imaging methods that could augment histopathological techniques. In this work, we used nonlinear optical microscopy for ratiometric analysis on the intrinsic signal of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) from single collagen fibers only in submucosa of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The blind tests of TPEF/SHG and forward (F)/backward (B) SHG were demonstrated to compare with the histology conclusion. The discussion of sensitivity and specificity was provided via statistical comparison between the four stages of esophageal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of using these two ratios in combination for staging ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lin
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Hung
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Chan
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwans
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7
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Cifuentes A, Trägårdh J, Pikálek T, Šerý M, Akimov D, Meyer T, Popp J, Amezcua-Correa R, Čižmár T. Non-linear label-free imaging through a multimode graded index optical fibre. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023804006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great advances have been made in developing minimal footprint micro-endoscopes using multimode optical fibres (MMF) [1]. By employing wavefront shaping methods the seemingly random speckle pattern resulting from the guiding of coherent light through an MMF can be formed into a diffraction limited spot. This enables the implementation of multiple laser scanning techniques. In this work we show that this approach can be employed to realize label-free non-linear microscopy techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Backscattered light makes epi-detection possible even though these processes preferably emit light in the direction of beam propagation [2].
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8
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Maturation of the Meniscal Collagen Structure Revealed by Polarization-Resolved and Directional Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18448. [PMID: 31804577 PMCID: PMC6895152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (P-SHG) and directional SHG (forward and backward, F/B) measurements of equine foetal and adult collagen in meniscus, over large field-of-views using sample-scanning. Large differences of collagen structure and fibril orientation with maturation are revealed, validating the potential for this novel methodology to track such changes in meniscal structure. The foetal menisci had a non-organized and more random collagen fibrillar structure when compared with adult using P-SHG. For the latter, clusters of homogeneous fibril orientation (inter-fibrillar areas) were revealed, separated by thick fibers. F/B SHG showed numerous different features in adults notably, in thick fibers compared to interfibrillar areas, unlike foetal menisci that showed similar patterns for both directions. This work confirms previous studies and improves the understanding of meniscal collagen structure and its maturation, and makes F/B and P-SHG good candidates for future studies aiming at revealing structural modifications to meniscus due to pathologies.
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9
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Dubreuil M, Tissier F, Le Roy L, Pennec JP, Rivet S, Giroux-Metges MA, Le Grand Y. Polarization-resolved second harmonic microscopy of skeletal muscle in sepsis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:6350-6358. [PMID: 31065433 PMCID: PMC6490978 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is able to probe the sub-micrometer structural organization of myosin filaments within skeletal muscle. In this study, P-SHG microscopy was used to analyze the structural consequences of sepsis, which is the main cause of the critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM). Experiments conducted on two populations of rats demonstrated a significant difference of the anisotropy parameter between healthy and septic groups, indicating that P-SHG microscopy is promising for the diagnosis of CIPNM. The difference, which can be attributed to a change of myosin conformation at the sub-sarcomere scale, cannot be evidenced by classical SHG imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dubreuil
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire d’optique et de magnétisme OPTIMAG EA 938, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
| | - Florine Tissier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire optimisation des régulations physiologiques ORPHY EA 4324, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
| | - Lucas Le Roy
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire optimisation des régulations physiologiques ORPHY EA 4324, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pennec
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire optimisation des régulations physiologiques ORPHY EA 4324, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
| | - Sylvain Rivet
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire d’optique et de magnétisme OPTIMAG EA 938, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Giroux-Metges
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire optimisation des régulations physiologiques ORPHY EA 4324, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
| | - Yann Le Grand
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire d’optique et de magnétisme OPTIMAG EA 938, IBSAM, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, Brest, 29238, France
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Schneidereit D, Nübler S, Prölß G, Reischl B, Schürmann S, Müller OJ, Friedrich O. Optical prediction of single muscle fiber force production using a combined biomechatronics and second harmonic generation imaging approach. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:79. [PMID: 30374401 PMCID: PMC6199289 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an archetypal organ whose structure is tuned to match function. The magnitude of order in muscle fibers and myofibrils containing motor protein polymers determines the directed force output of the summed force vectors and, therefore, the muscle's power performance on the structural level. Structure and function can change dramatically during disease states involving chronic remodeling. Cellular remodeling of the cytoarchitecture has been pursued using noninvasive and label-free multiphoton second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Hereby, structure parameters can be extracted as a measure of myofibrillar order and thus are suggestive of the force output that a remodeled structure can still achieve. However, to date, the parameters have only been an indirect measure, and a precise calibration of optical SHG assessment for an exerted force has been elusive as no technology in existence correlates these factors. We engineered a novel, automated, high-precision biomechatronics system into a multiphoton microscope allows simultaneous isometric Ca2+-graded force or passive viscoelasticity measurements and SHG recordings. Using this MechaMorph system, we studied force and SHG in single EDL muscle fibers from wt and mdx mice; the latter serves as a model for compromised force and abnormal myofibrillar structure. We present Ca2+-graded isometric force, pCa-force curves, passive viscoelastic parameters and 3D structure in the same fiber for the first time. Furthermore, we provide a direct calibration of isometric force to morphology, which allows noninvasive prediction of the force output of single fibers from only multiphoton images, suggesting a potential application in the diagnosis of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nübler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Prölß
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Probing microtubules polarity in mitotic spindles in situ using Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6758. [PMID: 28754928 PMCID: PMC5533768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarity of microtubules is thought to be involved in spindle assembly, cytokinesis or active molecular transport. However, its exact role remains poorly understood, mainly because of the challenge to measure microtubule polarity in intact cells. We report here the use of fast Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation microscopy to study the polarity of microtubules forming the mitotic spindles in a zebrafish embryo. This technique provides a powerful tool to study mitotic spindle formation and may be directly transferable for investigating the kinetics and function of microtubule polarity in other aspects of subcellular motility or in native tissues.
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12
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Cisek R, Tokarz D, Kontenis L, Barzda V, Steup M. Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy: An analytical tool for starch bioengineering. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cisek
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences; University of Toronto Mississauga; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences; University of Toronto Mississauga; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences; University of Toronto Mississauga; Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Martin Steup
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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13
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Mercatelli R, Ratto F, Rossi F, Tatini F, Menabuoni L, Malandrini A, Nicoletti R, Pini R, Pavone FS, Cicchi R. Three-dimensional mapping of the orientation of collagen corneal lamellae in healthy and keratoconic human corneas using SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:75-83. [PMID: 27472438 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus is an eye disorder that causes the cornea to take an abnormal conical shape, thus impairing its refractive functions and causing blindness. The late diagnosis of keratoconus is among the principal reasons for corneal surgical transplantation. This pathology is characterized by a reduced corneal stiffness in the region immediately below Bowman's membrane, probably due to a different lamellar organization, as suggested by previous studies. Here, the lamellar organization in this corneal region is characterized in three dimensions by means of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. In particular, a method based on a three-dimensional correlation analysis allows to probe the orientation of sutural lamellae close to the Bowman's membrane, finding statistical differences between healthy and keratoconic samples. This method is demonstrated also in combination with an epi-detection scheme, paving the way for a potential clinical ophthalmic application of SHG microscopy for the early diagnosis of keratoconus. SHG image acquired with sagittal optical sectioning (A) of a healthy cornea and (B) of a keratoconic cornea. Scale bars: 30 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mercatelli
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Tatini
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Menabuoni
- U.O. Oculistica Nuovo Ospedale S. Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Alex Malandrini
- U.O. Oculistica Nuovo Ospedale S. Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Pini
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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14
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Buttgereit A. Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy of Muscle Cell Morphology and Dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1601:229-241. [PMID: 28470530 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6960-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy in combination with contrast-increasing dyes allows the visualization and analysis of organs, tissues, and various cells. Because of their better resolution, the development of confocal and laser microscopes enables the investigations of cell components, which are labeled with fluorescent dyes. The imaging of living cells on subcellular level (also in vivo) needs a labeling by gene transfection of GFP or similar labeled proteins. We present a method for visualization of cell structure in skeletal and heart muscle by label-free Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy and describe analytic methods for quantitative measurements of morphology and dynamics in skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Buttgereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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15
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Chaudhary R, Lee MS, Mubyana K, Duenwald-Kuehl S, Johnson L, Kaiser J, Vanderby R, Eliceiri KW, Corr DT, Chin MS, Li WJ, Campagnola PJ, Halanski MA. Advanced quantitative imaging and biomechanical analyses of periosteal fibers in accelerated bone growth. Bone 2016; 92:201-213. [PMID: 27612440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accepted mechanism explaining the accelerated growth following periosteal resection is that the periosteum serves as a mechanical restraint to restrict physeal growth. To test the veracity of this mechanism we first utilized Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging to measure differences of periosteal fiber alignment at various strains. Additionally, we measured changes in periosteal growth factor transcription. Next we utilized SHG imaging to assess the alignment of the periosteal fibers on the bone both before and after periosteal resection. Based on the currently accepted mechanism, we hypothesized that the periosteal fibers adjacent to the physis should be more aligned (under tension) during growth and become less aligned (more relaxed) following metaphyseal periosteal resection. In addition, we measured the changes in periosteal micro- and macro-scale mechanics. METHODS 30 seven-week old New Zealand White rabbits were sacrificed. The periosteum was imaged on the bone at five regions using SHG imaging. One centimeter periosteal resections were then performed at the proximal tibial metaphyses. The resected periosteal strips were stretched to different strains in a materials testing system (MTS), fixed, and imaged using SHG microscopy. Collagen fiber alignment at each strain was then determined computationally using CurveAlign. In addition, periosteal strips underwent biomechanical testing in both circumferential and axial directions to determine modulus, failure stress, and failure strain. Relative mRNA expression of growth factors: TGFβ-1, -2, -3, Ihh, PTHrP, Gli, and Patched were measured following loading of the periosteal strips at physiological strains in a bioreactor. The periosteum adjacent to the physis of six tibiae was imaged on the bone, before and after, metaphyseal periosteal resection, and fiber alignment was computed. One-way ANOVA statistics were performed on all data. RESULTS Imaging of the periosteum at different regions of the bone demonstrated complex regional differences in fiber orientation. Increasing periosteal strain on the resected strips increased periosteal fiber alignment (p<0.0001). The only exception to this pattern was the 10% strain on the tibial periosteum, which may indicate fiber rupture at this non-physiologic strain. Periosteal fiber alignment adjacent to the resection became less aligned while those adjacent to the physes remained relatively unchanged before and after periosteal resection. Increasing periosteal strain on the resected strips increased periosteal fiber alignment (p<0.0001). The only exception to this pattern was the 10% strain on the tibial periosteum, which may indicate fiber rupture (and consequent retraction) at this non-physiologic strain. Increasing periosteal strain revealed a significant increase in relative mRNA expression for Ihh, PTHrP, Gli, and Patched, respectively. CONCLUSION Periosteal fibers adjacent to the growth plate do not appear under tension in the growing limb, and the alignments of these fibers remain unchanged following periosteal resection. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study call into question the long-accepted role of the periosteum acting as a simple mechanical tether restricting growth at the physis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Chaudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kuwabo Mubyana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Duenwald-Kuehl
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lyndsey Johnson
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jarred Kaiser
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Matthew S Chin
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew A Halanski
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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16
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Couture CA, Bancelin S, Van der Kolk J, Popov K, Rivard M, Légaré K, Martel G, Richard H, Brown C, Laverty S, Ramunno L, Légaré F. The Impact of Collagen Fibril Polarity on Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Biophys J 2016; 109:2501-2510. [PMID: 26682809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the implementation of interferometric second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy with femtosecond pulses. As a proof of concept, we imaged the phase distribution of SHG signal from the complex collagen architecture of juvenile equine growth cartilage. The results are analyzed in respect to numerical simulations to extract the relative orientation of collagen fibrils within the tissue. Our results reveal large domains of constant phase together with regions of quasi-random phase, which are correlated to respectively high- and low-intensity regions in the standard SHG images. A comparison with polarization-resolved SHG highlights the crucial role of relative fibril polarity in determining the SHG signal intensity. Indeed, it appears that even a well-organized noncentrosymmetric structure emits low SHG signal intensity if it has no predominant local polarity. This work illustrates how the complex architecture of noncentrosymmetric scatterers at the nanoscale governs the coherent building of SHG signal within the focal volume and is a key advance toward a complete understanding of the structural origin of SHG signals from tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Konstantin Popov
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Martel
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Richard
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lora Ramunno
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
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17
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Inverse focusing inside turbid media by creating an opposite virtual objective. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29452. [PMID: 27404383 PMCID: PMC4941413 DOI: 10.1038/srep29452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the penetration depth, imaging of thick bio-tissues can be achieved only by epi-detection geometry. Applications based on forward-emitted signals or bidirectional illumination are restricted by lack of an opposite objective. A method for creating an opposite virtual objective inside thick media through phase conjugation was first proposed. Under forward illumination, the backward scattering light from the media was collected to generate a phase conjugate wave, which was sent back to the media and formed an inverse focusing light. Samples combined with a diffuser or a mouse skin were used as specimens. Inverse focusing was successfully demonstrated by applying holography-based optical phase conjugation with a BaTiO3. This result indicates the capability to create an opposite virtual objective inside live tissues. The proposed method is compatible with current coherent imaging and super-resolution imaging technologies. It creates a possible way for forward-emitted signals collection and bidirectional illumination in thick specimens.
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18
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Weng S, Chen X, Xu X, Wong KK, Wong STC. Dual CARS and SHG image acquisition scheme that combines single central fiber and multimode fiber bundle to collect and differentiate backward and forward generated photons. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2202-18. [PMID: 27375938 PMCID: PMC4918576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, backward and forward generated photons exhibit different image patterns and thus capture salient intrinsic information of tissues from different perspectives. However, they are often mixed in collection using traditional image acquisition methods and thus are hard to interpret. We developed a multimodal scheme using a single central fiber and multimode fiber bundle to simultaneously collect and differentiate images formed by these two types of photons and evaluated the scheme in an endomicroscopy prototype. The ratio of these photons collected was calculated for the characterization of tissue regions with strong or weak epi-photon generation while different image patterns of these photons at different tissue depths were revealed. This scheme provides a new approach to extract and integrate information captured by backward and forward generated photons in dual CARS/SHG imaging synergistically for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Weng
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kelvin K. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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19
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Bancelin S, Couture CA, Légaré K, Pinsard M, Rivard M, Brown C, Légaré F. Fast interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:399-408. [PMID: 26977349 PMCID: PMC4771458 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of fast Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation (I-SHG) microscopy to study the polarity of non-centrosymmetric structures in biological tissues. Using a sample quartz plate, we calibrate the spatially varying phase shift introduced by the laser scanning system. Compensating this phase shift allows us to retrieve the correct phase distribution in periodically poled lithium niobate, used as a model sample. Finally, we used fast interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy to acquire phase images in tendon. Our results show that the method exposed here, using a laser scanning system, allows to recover the polarity of collagen fibrils, similarly to standard I-SHG (using a sample scanning system), but with an imaging time about 40 times shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
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20
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Förderer M, Georgiev T, Mosqueira M, Fink RHA, Vogel M. Functional second harmonic generation microscopy probes molecular dynamics with high temporal resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:525-541. [PMID: 26977360 PMCID: PMC4771469 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a powerful tool for label free ex vivo or in vivo imaging, widely used to investigate structure and organization of endogenous SHG emitting proteins such as myosin or collagen. Polarization resolved SHG microscopy renders supplementary information and is used to probe different molecular states. This development towards functional SHG microscopy is calling for new methods for high speed functional imaging of dynamic processes. In this work we present two approaches with linear polarized light and demonstrate high speed line scan measurements of the molecular dynamics of the motor protein myosin with a time resolution of 1 ms in mammalian muscle cells. Such a high speed functional SHG microscopy has high potential to deliver new insights into structural and temporal molecular dynamics under ex vivo or in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Förderer
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Tihomir Georgiev
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matias Mosqueira
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Vogel
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Current address: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany;
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21
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Houle MA, Couture CA, Bancelin S, Van der Kolk J, Auger E, Brown C, Popov K, Ramunno L, Légaré F. Analysis of forward and backward Second Harmonic Generation images to probe the nanoscale structure of collagen within bone and cartilage. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:993-1001. [PMID: 26349534 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Collagen ultrastructure plays a central role in the function of a wide range of connective tissues. Studying collagen structure at the microscopic scale is therefore of considerable interest to understand the mechanisms of tissue pathologies. Here, we use second harmonic generation microscopy to characterize collagen structure within bone and articular cartilage in human knees. We analyze the intensity dependence on polarization and discuss the differences between Forward and Backward images in both tissues. Focusing on articular cartilage, we observe an increase in Forward/Backward ratio from the cartilage surface to the bone. Coupling these results to numerical simulations reveals the evolution of collagen fibril diameter and spatial organization as a function of depth within cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Andrée Houle
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunication, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunication, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunication, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jarno Van der Kolk
- University of Ottawa, Department of Physics, MacDonald Hill, 150 Louis Pasteur, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Etienne Auger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunication, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, UK
| | - Konstantin Popov
- University of Ottawa, Department of Physics, MacDonald Hill, 150 Louis Pasteur, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lora Ramunno
- University of Ottawa, Department of Physics, MacDonald Hill, 150 Louis Pasteur, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunication, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada.
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22
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Vogel M, Wingert A, Fink RHA, Hagl C, Ganikhanov F, Pfeffer CP. Enabling the detection of UV signal in multimodal nonlinear microscopy with catalogue lens components. J Microsc 2015; 260:62-72. [PMID: 26016390 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Using an optical system made from fused silica catalogue optical components, third-order nonlinear microscopy has been enabled on conventional Ti:sapphire laser-based multiphoton microscopy setups. The optical system is designed using two lens groups with straightforward adaptation to other microscope stands when one of the lens groups is exchanged. Within the theoretical design, the optical system collects and transmits light with wavelengths between the near ultraviolet and the near infrared from an object field of at least 1 mm in diameter within a resulting numerical aperture of up to 0.56. The numerical aperture can be controlled with a variable aperture stop between the two lens groups of the condenser. We demonstrate this new detection capability in third harmonic generation imaging experiments at the harmonic wavelength of ∼300 nm and in multimodal nonlinear optical imaging experiments using third-order sum frequency generation and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy so that the wavelengths of the detected signals range from ∼300 nm to ∼660 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vogel
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Axel Wingert
- Medical Biophysics Group, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Group, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munchen, Germany
| | - Feruz Ganikhanov
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Christian P Pfeffer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munchen, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial and Developmental Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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23
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Chaudhary R, Campbell KR, Tilbury KB, Vanderby R, Block WF, Kijowski R, Campagnola PJ. Articular cartilage zonal differentiation via 3D Second-Harmonic Generation imaging microscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:76-86. [PMID: 25738523 PMCID: PMC4497507 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1013192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The collagen structure throughout the patella has not been thoroughly investigated by 3D imaging, where the majority of the existing data come from histological cross sections. It is important to have a better understanding of the architecture in normal tissues, where this could then be applied to imaging of diseased states. METHODS To address this shortcoming, we investigated the combined use of collagen-specific Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging and measurement of bulk optical properties to characterize collagen fiber orientations of the histologically defined zones of bovine articular cartilage. Forward and backward SHG intensities of sections from superficial, middle and deep zones were collected as a function of depth and analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations to extract the SHG creation direction, which is related to the fibrillar assembly. RESULTS Our results revealed differences in SHG forward-backward response between the three zones, where these are consistent with a previously developed model of SHG emission. Some of the findings are consistent with that from other modalities; however, SHG analysis showed the middle zone had the most organized fibril assembly. While not distinct, we also report bulk optical property values for these different zones within the patella. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results provide quantitative measurements of structural changes at both the fiber and fibril assembly of the different cartilage zones and reveals structural information not possible by other microscope modalities. This can provide quantitative insight to the collagen fiber network in normal cartilage, which may ultimately be developed as a biomarker for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Chaudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kirby R. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Karissa B. Tilbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Walter F. Block
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Corresponding author:
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24
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Kiyomatsu H, Oshima Y, Saitou T, Miyazaki T, Hikita A, Miura H, Iimura T, Imamura T. Quantitative SHG imaging in osteoarthritis model mice, implying a diagnostic application. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:405-20. [PMID: 25780732 PMCID: PMC4354585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) restricts the daily activities of patients and significantly decreases their quality of life. The development of non-invasive quantitative methods for properly diagnosing and evaluating the process of degeneration of articular cartilage due to OA is essential. Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging enables the observation of collagen fibrils in live tissues or organs without staining. In the present study, we employed SHG imaging of the articular cartilage in OA model mice ex vivo. Consequently, three-dimensional SHG imaging with successive image processing and statistical analyses allowed us to successfully characterize histopathological changes in the articular cartilage consistently confirmed on histological analyses. The quantitative SHG imaging technique presented in this study constitutes a diagnostic application of this technology in the setting of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kiyomatsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Artificial Joint Integrated Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
| | - Yusuke Oshima
- Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Artificial Joint Integrated Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015,
Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
| | - Hiromasa Miura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Artificial Joint Integrated Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Artificial Joint Integrated Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Artificial Joint Integrated Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitukawa Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295,
Japan
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25
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Rouède D, Coumailleau P, Schaub E, Bellanger JJ, Blanchard-Desce M, Tiaho F. Myofibrillar misalignment correlated to triad disappearance of mdx mouse gastrocnemius muscle probed by SHG microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:858-875. [PMID: 24688819 PMCID: PMC3959848 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that the canonical single frequency sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern (SHG-IP) of control muscles is converted to double frequency sarcomeric SHG-IP in preserved mdx mouse gastrocnemius muscles in the vicinity of necrotic fibers. These double frequency sarcomeric SHG-IPs are often spatially correlated to double frequency sarcomeric two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) emitted from Z-line and I-bands and to one centered spot SHG angular intensity pattern (SHG-AIP) suggesting that these patterns are signature of myofibrillar misalignement. This latter is confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, a good spatial correlation between SHG signature of myofibrillar misalignment and triad reduction is established. Theoretical simulation of sarcomeric SHG-IP is used to demonstrate the correlation between change of SHG-IP and -AIP and myofibrillar misalignment. The extreme sensitivity of SHG microscopy to reveal the submicrometric organization of A-band thick filaments is highlighted. This report is a first step toward future studies aimed at establishing live SHG signature of myofibrillar misalignment involving excitation contraction defects due to muscle damage and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rouède
- IPR, CNRS, UMR-CNRS UR1- 6251, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Pascal Coumailleau
- IRSET, INSERM, U1085, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Emmanuel Schaub
- IPR, CNRS, UMR-CNRS UR1- 6251, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | | | | | - François Tiaho
- IRSET, INSERM, U1085, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
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26
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Adur J, Pelegati VB, de Thomaz AA, Baratti MO, Andrade LALA, Carvalho HF, Bottcher-Luiz F, Cesar CL. Second harmonic generation microscopy as a powerful diagnostic imaging modality for human ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:37-48. [PMID: 23024013 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study we showed that second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy combined with precise methods for images evaluation can be used to detect structural changes in the human ovarian stroma. Using a set of scoring methods (alignment of collagen fibers, anisotropy, and correlation), we found significant differences in the distribution and organization of collagen fibers in the stroma component of serous, mucinous, endometrioid and mixed ovarian tumors as compared with normal ovary tissue. This methodology was capable to differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue, with clear cut distinction between normal, benign, borderline, and malignant tumors of serous type. Our results indicated that the combination of different image-analysis approaches presented here represent a powerful tool to investigate collagen organization and extracellular matrix remodeling in ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Adur
- Biomedical Lasers Application Laboratory, Optics and Photonics Research Center, "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil; Microscopy Laboratory Applied to Molecular and Cellular Studies, School of Bioengineering, National University of Entre Ríos UNER, Ruta 11 Km10, Oro Verde 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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27
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Brown CP, Houle MA, Popov K, Nicklaus M, Couture CA, Laliberté M, Brabec T, Ruediger A, Carr AJ, Price AJ, Gill HS, Ramunno L, Légaré F. Imaging and modeling collagen architecture from the nano to micro scale. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 5:233-43. [PMID: 24466490 PMCID: PMC3891335 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The collagen meshwork plays a central role in the functioning of a range of tissues including cartilage, tendon, arteries, skin, bone and ligament. Because of its importance in function, it is of considerable interest for studying development, disease and regeneration processes. Here, we have used second harmonic generation (SHG) to image human tissues on the hundreds of micron scale, and developed a numerical model to quantitatively interpret the images in terms of the underlying collagen structure on the tens to hundreds of nanometer scale. Focusing on osteoarthritic changes in cartilage, we have demonstrated that this combination of polarized SHG imaging and numerical modeling can estimate fibril diameter, filling fraction, orientation and bundling. This extends SHG microscopy from a qualitative to quantitative imaging technique, providing a label-free and non-destructive platform for characterizing the extracellular matrix that can expand our understanding of the structural mechanisms in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lora Ramunno
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Canada
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28
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Theoretical and experimental SHG angular intensity patterns from healthy and proteolysed muscles. Biophys J 2013; 104:1959-68. [PMID: 23663839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SHG angular intensity pattern (SHG-AIP) of healthy and proteolysed muscle tissues are simulated and imaged here for the first time to our knowledge. The role of the spatial distribution of second-order nonlinear emitters on SHG-AIP is highlighted. SHG-AIP with two symmetrical spots is found to be a signature of healthy muscle whereas SHG-AIP with one centered spot in pathological mdx muscle is found to be a signature of myofibrillar disorder. We also show that SHG-AIP provides information on the three-dimensional structural organization of myofibrils in physiological and proteolysed muscle. Our results open an avenue for future studies aimed at unraveling more complex physiological and pathological fibrillar tissues organization.
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29
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Hall G, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Simultaneous determination of the second-harmonic generation emission directionality and reduced scattering coefficient from three-dimensional imaging of thick tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:116008. [PMID: 24220726 PMCID: PMC3825714 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has intrinsic contrast for imaging fibrillar collagen and has shown great promise for disease characterization and diagnostics. In addition to morphology, additional information is achievable as the initially emitted SHG radiation directionality is related to subresolution fibril size and distribution. We show that by two parameter fittings, both the emission pattern (FSHG/BSHG)creation and the reduced scattering coefficient μs', can be obtained from the best fits between three-dimensional experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. The improved simulation framework accounts for collection apertures for the detected forward and backward components. We apply the new simulation framework to mouse tail tendon for validation and show that the spectral slope of μs' obtained is similar to that from bulk optical measurements and that the (FSHG/BSHG)creation values are also similar to previous results. Additionally, we find that the SHG emission becomes increasingly forward directed at longer wavelengths, which is consistent with decreased dispersion in refractive index between the laser and SHG wavelengths. As both the spectral slope of μs' and (FSHG/BSHG)creation have been linked to the underlying tissue structure, simultaneously obtaining these parameters on a microscope platform from the same tissue provides a powerful method for tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnsteinn Hall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Tel: (608) 890-3575; Fax: 608-265-9239; E-mail:
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30
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Wentzell S, Sterling Nesbitt R, Macione J, Kotha S. Measuring strain using digital image correlation of second harmonic generation images. J Biomech 2013; 46:2032-8. [PMID: 23845730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The micromechanical environment of bone is crucial to understanding both bone fracture and mechanobiological responses of osteocytes, yet few techniques exist that are capable of measuring strains on the micrometer scale. A method for measuring micrometer level strains has been developed based on digital image correlation (DIC) of second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) images. Bovine tibias milled into thin sections were imaged using SHGM under loads of 0 and 15 MPa. Strains were measured using DIC and compared to applied strain values. First and second principal strains decreased in magnitude as the analysis region area increased from 1750 µm(2) to 60,920 µm(2), converging to 1.23 ± 0.74 and -0.745 ± 0.9816 times the applied strain respectively. A representative sample histogram revealed regions of pure tensile and compressive strain, and that strains were highly heterogeneous ranging from 8410 to -8840 microstrain for an applied 2870 microstrain. Comparison with applied strain measures suggested that analysis sizes of 1750 µm(2) and greater were measuring strains on the tissue scale, and higher resolution is required for collagen fibrillar strains. Regions of low SHGM intensity ("dark" regions) were seen which are believed to be lacunar and perilacunar regions of low collagen density. However, no significant differences in strain magnitude were present in dark regions versus regions of high signal intensity. The proposed technique is effective for strains on the size order of bone microarchitecture, and would be useful for studies into the mechanical microenvironment during loading. The technique also has potential for in vivo studies in small animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wentzell
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States.
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31
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Rivard M, Couture CA, Miri AK, Laliberté M, Bertrand-Grenier A, Mongeau L, Légaré F. Imaging the bipolarity of myosin filaments with Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2078-86. [PMID: 24156065 PMCID: PMC3799667 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report that combining interferometry with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy provides valuable information about the relative orientation of noncentrosymmetric structures composing tissues. This is confirmed through the imaging of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle. The inteferometric Second Harmonic Generation (ISHG) images reveal that each side of the myosin filaments composing the A band of the sarcomere generates π phase shifted SHG signal which implies that the myosin proteins at each end of the filaments are oriented in opposite directions. This highlights the bipolar structural organization of the myosin filaments and shows that muscles can be considered as a periodically poled biological structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laliberté
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Antony Bertrand-Grenier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
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32
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Isobe K, Kawano H, Takeda T, Suda A, Kumagai A, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Background-free deep imaging by spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1594-608. [PMID: 22808431 PMCID: PMC3395484 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how the resolution and imaging depth limitations of nonlinear optical microscopy can be overcome by modulating the spatial overlap between two-color pulses. We suppress out-of-focus signals, which limit the imaging depth, by a factor of 100, and enhance the lateral and axial resolution by factors of 1.6 and 1.4-1.8 respectively. Using spatial overlap modulation, we demonstrate background-free three-dimensional imaging of fixed mouse brain tissue at depths for which the signals of the conventional technique are swamped by background noise from out-of-focus regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Isobe
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takanori Takeda
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Kumagai
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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33
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Jeong D, Tsai PS, Kleinfeld D. Prospect for feedback guided surgery with ultra-short pulsed laser light. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 22:24-33. [PMID: 22088392 PMCID: PMC3763077 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The controlled cutting of tissue with laser light is a natural technology to combine with automated stereotaxic surgery. A central challenge is to cut hard tissue, such as bone, without inducing damage to juxtaposed soft tissue, such as nerve and dura. We review past work that demonstrates the feasibility of such control through the use of ultrafast laser light to both cut and generate optical feedback signals via second harmonic generation and laser induced plasma spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jeong
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Philbert S. Tsai
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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34
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Label-free 3D visualization of cellular and tissue structures in intact muscle with second and third harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28237. [PMID: 22140560 PMCID: PMC3225396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Second and Third Harmonic Generation (SHG and THG) microscopy is based on optical effects which are induced by specific inherent physical properties of a specimen. As a multi-photon laser scanning approach which is not based on fluorescence it combines the advantages of a label-free technique with restriction of signal generation to the focal plane, thus allowing high resolution 3D reconstruction of image volumes without out-of-focus background several hundred micrometers deep into the tissue. While in mammalian soft tissues SHG is mostly restricted to collagen fibers and striated muscle myosin, THG is induced at a large variety of structures, since it is generated at interfaces such as refraction index changes within the focal volume of the excitation laser. Besides, colorants such as hemoglobin can cause resonance enhancement, leading to intense THG signals. We applied SHG and THG microscopy to murine (Mus musculus) muscles, an established model system for physiological research, to investigate their potential for label-free tissue imaging. In addition to collagen fibers and muscle fiber substructure, THG allowed us to visualize blood vessel walls and erythrocytes as well as white blood cells adhering to vessel walls, residing in or moving through the extravascular tissue. Moreover peripheral nerve fibers could be clearly identified. Structure down to the nuclear chromatin distribution was visualized in 3D and with more detail than obtainable by bright field microscopy. To our knowledge, most of these objects have not been visualized previously by THG or any label-free 3D approach. THG allows label-free microscopy with inherent optical sectioning and therefore may offer similar improvements compared to bright field microscopy as does confocal laser scanning microscopy compared to conventional fluorescence microscopy.
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35
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Rouède D, Recher G, Bellanger JJ, Lavault MT, Schaub E, Tiaho F. Modeling of supramolecular centrosymmetry effect on sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern of skeletal muscles. Biophys J 2011; 101:494-503. [PMID: 21767503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical far-field second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging radiation pattern is calculated for muscular myosin taking into account both Gouy effect and light diffraction under high focusing excitation. Theoretical analysis, in agreement with experimental results obtained on healthy Xenopus muscles, shows that the increase on intensity at the middle of the sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern is generated by an off-axis constructive interference related to the specific antipolar distribution of myosin molecules within the sarcomere. The best fit of the experimental sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern was obtained with an estimated size of antiparallel, intrathick filaments' packing-width of 115 ± 25 nm localized at the M-band. During proteolysis, experimental sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern exhibits decrease on intensity at the center of the sarcomere. An effective intra- and interthick filaments centrosymmetry of 320 ± 25 nm, in agreement with ultrastructural disorganization observed at the electron microscopy level, was necessary to fit the experimental sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern. Our results show that sarcomeric SHG intensity pattern is very sensitive to misalignment of thick filaments and highlights the potential usefulness of SHG microscopy to diagnose proteolysis-induced muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rouède
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6251, Rennes, France.
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36
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Adur J, Pelegati VB, Costa LFL, Pietro L, de Thomaz AA, Almeida DB, Bottcher-Luiz F, Andrade LALA, Cesar CL. Recognition of serous ovarian tumors in human samples by multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:096017. [PMID: 21950931 DOI: 10.1117/1.3626575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We used a multimodal nonlinear optics microscopy, specifically two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second and third harmonic generation (SHG∕THG) microscopies, to observe pathological conditions of ovarian tissues obtained from human samples. We show that strong TPEF + SHG + THG signals can be obtained in fixed samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stored for a very long time, and that H&E staining enhanced the THG signal. We then used the multimodal TPEF-SHG-THG microscopies in a stored file of H&E stained samples of human ovarian cancer to obtain complementary information about the epithelium∕stromal interface, such as the transformation of epithelium surface (THG) and the overall fibrillary tissue architecture (SHG). This multicontrast nonlinear optics microscopy is able to not only differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue, but can also distinguish between normal, benign, borderline, and malignant specimens according to their collagen disposition and compression levels within the extracellular matrix. The dimensions of the layers of epithelia can also be measured precisely and automatically. Our data demonstrate that optical techniques can detect pathological changes associated with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Adur
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Biomedical Lasers Application Laboratory, Research Center in Optics and Photonics, Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute, Campinas, San Pablo, 13083-859 Brazil.
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37
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Brown CP, Houle MA, Chen M, Price AJ, Légaré F, Gill HS. Damage initiation and progression in the cartilage surface probed by nonlinear optical microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 5:62-70. [PMID: 22100080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With increasing interest in treating osteoarthritis at its earliest stages, it has become important to understand the mechanisms by which the disease progresses across a joint. Here, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, coupled with a two-dimensional spring-mass network model, was used to image and investigate the collagen meshwork architecture at the cartilage surface surrounding osteoarthritic lesions. We found that minor weakening of the collagen meshwork leads to the bundling of fibrils at the surface under normal loading. This bundling appears to be an irreversible step in the degradation process, as the stress concentrations drive the progression of damage, forming larger bundles and cracks that eventually form lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Brown
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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38
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Ajeti V, Nadiarnykh O, Ponik SM, Keely PJ, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Structural changes in mixed Col I/Col V collagen gels probed by SHG microscopy: implications for probing stromal alterations in human breast cancer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:2307-16. [PMID: 21833367 PMCID: PMC3149528 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy has been previously used to describe the morphology of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in different stages of invasion in breast cancer. Here this concept is extended by using SHG to provide quantitative discrimination of self-assembled collagen gels, consisting of mixtures of type I (Col I) and type V (Col V) isoforms which serve as models of changes in the ECM during invasion in vivo. To investigate if SHG is sensitive to changes due to Col V incorporation into Col I fibrils, gels were prepared with 0-20% Col V with the balance consisting of Col I. Using the metrics of SHG intensity, fiber length, emission directionality, and depth-dependent intensities, we found similar responses for gels comprised of 100% Col I, and 95% Col I/5% Col V, where these metrics were all significantly different from those of the 80% Col I/20% Col V gels. Specifically, the gels of lower Col V content produce brighter SHG, are characterized by longer fibers, and have a higher forward/backward emission ratio. These attributes are all consistent with more highly organized collagen fibrils/fibers and are in agreement with previous TEM characterization as well as predictions based on phase matching considerations. These results suggest that SHG can be developed to discriminate Col I/Col V composition in tissues to characterize and follow breast cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visar Ajeti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Oleg Nadiarnykh
- Present Address: Department of Physics, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M. Ponik
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Patricia J. Keely
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
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39
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Hwang YJ, Larsen J, Krasieva TB, Lyubovitsky JG. Effect of genipin crosslinking on the optical spectral properties and structures of collagen hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:2579-84. [PMID: 21644569 PMCID: PMC3189483 DOI: 10.1021/am200416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Genipin, a natural cross-linking reagent extracted from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, can be effectively employed in tissue engineering applications due to its low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility. The cross-linking of collagen hydrogels with genipin was followed with one-photon fluorescence spectroscopy, second harmonic generation, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The incubation with genipin induced strong auto-fluorescence within the collagen hydrogels. The fluorescence emission maximum of the fluorescent adducts formed by genipin exhibit a strong dependence on the excitation wavelength. The emission maximum is at 630 nm when we excite the cross-linked samples with 590 nm light and shifts to 462 nm when we use 400 nm light instead. The fluorescence imaging studies show that genipin induces formation of long aggregated fluorescent strands throughout the depth of samples. The second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging studies suggest that genipin partially disaggregates 10 μm "fiberlike" collagen structures because of the formation of these fluorescent cross-links. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal that genipin largely eliminates collagen's characteristic native fibrillar striations. Our study is the first one to nondestructively follow and identify the structure within collagen hydrogels in situ and to sample structures formed on both micro- and nanoscales. Our findings suggest that genipin cross-linking of collagen follows a complex mechanism and this compound modifies the structure within the collagen hydrogels in both micro- and nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jer Hwang
- Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Program (CMBD), University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 9252, USA
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40
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Tian L, Wei H, Jin Y, Liu H, Guo Z, Deng X. Backward emission angle of microscopic second-harmonic generation from crystallized type I collagen fiber. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:075001. [PMID: 21806258 DOI: 10.1117/1.3596174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model that deals with SHG from crystallized type I collagen fiber formed by a bundle of fibrils is established. By introducing a density distribution function of dipoles within fibrils assembly into the dipole theory and combining with structural order (m,l) parameters revealed by quasi-phase-matching (QPM) theory, our established theoretical model comprehensively characterizes both biophysical features of collagen dipoles and the crystalline characteristics of collagen fiber. This new model quantitatively reveals the 3-D distribution of second-harmonic generation (SHG) emission angle (θ,ϕ) in accordance with the emission power. Results show that fibrils diameter d(1) and structural order m, which describes the structural characteristics of collagen fiber along the incident light propagation direction has significant influence on backward∕forward SHG emission. The decrease of fibrils diameter d(1) induces an increase of the peak SHG emission angle θ(max). As d(1) decreases to a threshold value, in our case it is around d(1) = 150 nm when (m,l) = (1,0), θ(max) > 90 deg, indicating that backward SHG emission appears. The SHG may have two symmetrical emission distribution lobes or may have only one or two unsymmetrical emission lobes with unequal emission power, depending on the functional area of (m,l) on d(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tian
- South China Normal University, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Tianhe Shipai, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510631 China
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41
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Goulam Houssen Y, Gusachenko I, Schanne-Klein MC, Allain JM. Monitoring micrometer-scale collagen organization in rat-tail tendon upon mechanical strain using second harmonic microscopy. J Biomech 2011; 44:2047-52. [PMID: 21636086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We continuously monitored the microstructure of a rat-tail tendon during stretch/relaxation cycles. To that purpose, we implemented a new biomechanical device that combined SHG imaging and mechanical testing modalities. This multi-scale experimental device enabled simultaneous visualization of the collagen crimp morphology at the micrometer scale and measurement of macroscopic strain-stress response. We gradually increased the ultimate strain of the cycles and showed that preconditioning mostly occurs in the first stretching. This is accompanied by an increase of the crimp period in the SHG image. Our results indicate that preconditioning is due to a sliding of microstructures at the scale of a few fibrils and smaller, that changes the resting length of the fascicle. This sliding can reverse on long time scales. These results provide a proof of concept that continuous SHG imaging performed simultaneously with mechanical assay allows analysis of the relationship between macroscopic response and microscopic structure of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Goulam Houssen
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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42
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Hwang YJ, Lyubovitsky JG. Collagen hydrogel characterization: multi-scale and multi-modality approach. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:529-536. [PMID: 32938068 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The complex supramolecular architecture of collagen biopolymer plays an important role in tissue development and integrity. Developing methods to report on collagen structures assembled in vitro would accelerate the pace of utilizing it in biomedical applications. Employing imaging techniques and turbidity measurements, we mapped the light scattering properties of 3D collagen hydrogels formed at initial concentrations of 1 mg ml-1 to about 5 mg ml-1 and several incubation temperatures. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that collagen scattering features consist of both native-like fibrils and filamentous structures that do not have the characteristic fibrillar striation observed in this protein. Spindle-shaped fibrils appear at the concentrations of 1, 2, 2.5 and 4 mg ml-1 and the spiral-shaped fibrils are formed at the concentrations of 2 and 2.5 mg ml-1. The multiphoton microscopy (MPM) images reveal that in the 3D collagen hydrogels a unified relationship between second harmonic generation (SHG) signal directionality and fibril morphology and/or sizes is not likely. The MPM images, however, showed important micro-structural details. These details lead us to conclude that the dependence of SHG signals on the number of interfaces created upon assembly of 3D collagen hydrogels can account for the strength of the detected backscattered signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jer Hwang
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Julia G Lyubovitsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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43
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Schürmann S, von Wegner F, Fink RHA, Friedrich O, Vogel M. Second harmonic generation microscopy probes different states of motor protein interaction in myofibrils. Biophys J 2011; 99:1842-51. [PMID: 20858429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The second harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensity sourced from skeletal muscle myosin II strongly depends on the polarization of the incident laser beam relative to the muscle fiber axis. This dependence is related to the second-order susceptibility χ((2)), which can be described by a single component ratio γ under generally assumed symmetries. We precisely extracted γ from SHG polarization dependence curves with an extended focal field model. In murine myofibrillar preparations, we have found two distinct polarization dependencies: With the actomyosin system in the rigor state, γ(rig) has a mean value of γ(rig) = 0.52 (SD = 0.04, n = 55); in a relaxed state where myosin is not bound to actin, γ(rel) has a mean value of γ(rel) = 0.24 (SD = 0.07, n = 70). We observed a similar value in an activated state where the myosin power stroke was pharmacologically inhibited using N-benzyl-p-toluene sulfonamide. In summary, different actomyosin states can be visualized noninvasively with SHG microscopy. Specifically, SHG even allows us to distinguish different actin-bound states of myosin II using γ as a parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schürmann
- Medical Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Hwang YJ, Granelli J, Lyubovitsky JG. Multiphoton optical image guided spectroscopy method for characterization of collagen-based materials modified by glycation. Anal Chem 2010; 83:200-6. [PMID: 21141843 DOI: 10.1021/ac102235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cross-linking with reducing sugars, known as glycation, is used to increase stiffness and strength of tissues and artificial collagen-based scaffolds. Nondestructive characterization methods that report on the structures within these materials could clarify the effects of glycation. For doing this nondestructive evaluation, we employed an in situ one-photon fluorescence as well as multiphoton microscopy method that combined two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation signals. We incubated collagen hydrogels with glyceraldehyde, ribose, and glucose and observed an increase in the in situ fluorescence and structural alterations within the materials during the course of glycation. The two-photon fluorescence emission maximum was observed at about 460 nm. The fluorescence emission in the one-photon excitation experiment (λ(ex) = 360 nm) was broad with peaks centered at 445 and 460 nm. The 460 nm emission component subsequently became dominant during the course of glycation with glyceraldehyde. For the ribose, in addition to the 460 nm peak, the 445 nm component persisted. The glucose glycated hydrogels exhibited broad fluorescence that did not increase significantly even after 6 weeks. As determined from measuring the fluorescence intensity at the 460 nm maximum, glycation with glyceraldehyde was faster compared to ribose and generated stronger fluorescence signals. Upon excitation of glycated samples with 330 nm light, different emission peaks were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jer Hwang
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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45
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Rivard M, Laliberté M, Bertrand-Grenier A, Harnagea C, Pfeffer CP, Vallières M, St-Pierre Y, Pignolet A, El Khakani MA, Légaré F. The structural origin of second harmonic generation in fascia. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 2:26-36. [PMID: 21326632 PMCID: PMC3028495 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fascia tissue is rich in collagen type I proteins and can be imaged by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. While identifying the overall alignment of the collagen fibrils is evident from those images, the tridimensional structural origin for the observation of SHG signal is more complex than it apparently seems. Those images reveal that the noncentrosymmetric (piezoelectric) structures are distributed heterogeneously on spatial dimensions inferior to the resolution provided by the nonlinear optical microscope (sub-micron). Using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), we show that an individual collagen fibril has a noncentrosymmetric structural organization. Fibrils are found to be arranged in nano-domains where the anisotropic axis is preserved along the fibrillar axis, while across the collagen sheets, the phase of the second order nonlinear susceptibility is changing by 180 degrees between adjacent nano-domains. This complex architecture of noncentrosymmetric nano-domains governs the coherent addition of 2ω light within the focal volume and the observed features in the SHG images taken in fascia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | - Mathieu Laliberté
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | - Antony Bertrand-Grenier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | - Catalin Harnagea
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | | | - Martin Vallières
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Qc Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Alain Pignolet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | - My Ali El Khakani
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Qc Canada J3X1S2
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46
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Filova E, Burdikova Z, Rampichova M, Bianchini P, Capek M, Kostakova E, Amler E, Kubinova L. Analysis and three-dimensional visualization of collagen in artificial scaffolds using nonlinear microscopy techniques. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:066011. [PMID: 21198185 DOI: 10.1117/1.3509112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellularly distributed collagen and chondrocytes seeded in gelatine and poly-ɛ-caprolactone scaffolds are visualized by two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging in both forward and backward nondescanned modes. Joint application of TPEM and SHG imaging in combination with stereological measurements of collagen enables us not only to take high-resolution 3-D images, but also to quantitatively analyze the collagen volume and a spatial arrangement of cell-collagen-scaffold systems, which was previously impossible. This novel approach represents a powerful tool for the analysis of collagen-containing scaffolds with applications in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Filova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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47
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Pegoraro AF, Slepkov AD, Ridsdale A, Pezacki JP, Stolow A. Single laser source for multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:F10-7. [PMID: 20820199 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.000f10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Short laser pulse technology has significantly contributed to biomedical research, especially via nonlinear optical microscopy. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label-free, chemical-selective method that is growing in importance as improved methods and light sources develop. Here we discuss different approaches to laser source development for CARS microscopy and highlight the advantages of a multimodal CARS microscope, illustrated by selected applications in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Pegoraro
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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48
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RECHER G, ROUÈDE D, TASCON C, D’AMICO LA, TIAHO F. Double-band sarcomeric SHG pattern induced by adult skeletal muscles alteration during myofibrils preparation. J Microsc 2010; 241:207-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Harnagea C, Vallières M, Pfeffer CP, Wu D, Olsen BR, Pignolet A, Légaré F, Gruverman A. Two-dimensional nanoscale structural and functional imaging in individual collagen type I fibrils. Biophys J 2010; 98:3070-7. [PMID: 20550920 PMCID: PMC2884257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The piezoelectric properties of single collagen type I fibrils in fascia were imaged with sub-20 nm spatial resolution using piezoresponse force microscopy. A detailed analysis of the piezoresponse force microscopy signal in controlled tip-fibril geometry revealed shear piezoelectricity parallel to the fibril axis. The direction of the displacement is preserved along the whole fiber length and is independent of the fiber conformation. It is shown that individual fibrils within bundles in skeletal muscle fascia can have opposite polar orientations and are organized into domains, i.e., groups of several fibers having the same polar orientation. We were also able to detect piezoelectric activity of collagen fibrils in the high-frequency range up to 200 kHz, suggesting that the mechanical response time of biomolecules to electrical stimuli can be approximately 5 micros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Harnagea
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Vallières
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Dong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Bjorn R. Olsen
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alain Pignolet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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50
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Han X, Brown E. Measurement of the ratio of forward-propagating to back-propagating second harmonic signal using a single objective. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:10538-50. [PMID: 20588906 PMCID: PMC3427947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to determine, for the first time, the ratio of forward-propagating second harmonic (SHG) signal to back-propagating SHG signal (F/B) in vivo on the surface of intact tissue samples without any biopsy or tissue sectioning, using only epidetection (i.e., via a single objective lens). This method has the additional benefit of using the confocal detection apparatus already contained within common commercially available two-photon laser-scanning microscopes, and hence can allow the measurement of the SHG F/B ratio in vivo with minimal purchase of new equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Han
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Goergen Hall Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Edward Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Goergen Hall Box 270168, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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