1
|
Kjeldsen SAS, Thomsen MN, Skytte MJ, Samkani A, Richter MM, Frystyk J, Magkos F, Hansen E, Thomsen HS, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Haugaard SB, Krarup T, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Markers of Glucagon Resistance Improve With Reductions in Hepatic Steatosis and Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad122. [PMID: 37818402 PMCID: PMC10561012 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Hyperglucagonemia may develop in type 2 diabetes due to obesity-prone hepatic steatosis (glucagon resistance). Markers of glucagon resistance (including the glucagon-alanine index) improve following diet-induced weight loss, but the partial contribution of lowering hepatic steatosis vs body weight is unknown. Objective This work aimed to investigate the dependency of body weight loss following a reduction in hepatic steatosis on markers of glucagon resistance in type 2 diabetes. Methods A post hoc analysis was conducted from 2 previously published randomized controlled trials. We investigated the effect of weight maintenance (study 1: isocaloric feeding) or weight loss (study 2: hypocaloric feeding), both of which induced reductions in hepatic steatosis, on markers of glucagon sensitivity, including the glucagon-alanine index measured using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and metabolomics in 94 individuals (n = 28 in study 1; n = 66 in study 2). Individuals with overweight or obesity with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a 6-week conventional diabetes (CD) or carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet within both isocaloric and hypocaloric feeding-interventions. Results By design, weight loss was greater after hypocaloric compared to isocaloric feeding, but both diets caused similar reductions in hepatic steatosis, allowing us to investigate the effect of reducing hepatic steatosis with or without a clinically relevant weight loss on markers of glucagon resistance. The glucagon-alanine index improved following hypocaloric, but not isocaloric, feeding, independently of macronutrient composition. Conclusion Improvements in glucagon resistance may depend on body weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A S Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mads N Thomsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Mads J Skytte
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Amirsalar Samkani
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Michael M Richter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1958, Denmark
| | - Elizaveta Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev, Herlev, 2730, Denmark
| | - Henrik S Thomsen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev, Herlev, 2730, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Steen B Haugaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Thure Krarup
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1958, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pánico P, Velasco M, Salazar AM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. The effects of sucrose and arsenic on muscular insulin signaling pathways differ between the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1165415. [PMID: 37229459 PMCID: PMC10205014 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin resistance in muscle can originate from a sedentary lifestyle, hypercaloric diets, or exposure to endocrine-disrupting pollutants such as arsenic. In skeletal muscle, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by translocating GLUT4 to the sarcolemma. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations induced by sucrose and arsenic exposure in vivo on the pathways involved in insulinstimulated GLUT4 translocation in the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles. Methods Male Wistar rats were treated with 20% sucrose (S), 50 ppm sodium arsenite (A), or both (A+S) in drinking water for 8 weeks. We conducted an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance (ITT) test on the seventh week of treatment. The quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles were obtained after overnight fasting or 30 min after intraperitoneal insulin injection. We assessed changes in GLUT4 translocation to the sarcolemma by cell fractionation and abundance of the proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation by Western blot. Results Male rats consuming S and A+S gained more weight than control and Atreated animals. Rats consuming S, A, and A+S developed insulin resistance assessed through ITT. Neither treatments nor insulin stimulation in the quadriceps produced changes in GLUT4 levels in the sarcolemma and Akt phosphorylation. Conversely, A and A+S decreased protein expression of Tether containing UBX domain for GLUT4 (TUG), and A alone increased calpain-10 expression. All treatments reduced this muscle's protein levels of VAMP2. Conversely, S and A treatment increased basal GLUT4 levels in the sarcolemma of the gastrocnemius, while all treatments inhibited insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. These effects correlated with lower basal levels of TUG and impaired insulin-stimulated TUG proteolysis. Moreover, animals treated with S had reduced calpain-10 protein levels in this muscle, while A and A+S inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion Arsenic and sucrose induce systemic insulin resistance due to defects in GLUT4 translocation induced by insulin. These defects depend on which muscle is being analyzed, in the quadriceps there were defects in GLUT4 retention and docking while in the gastrocnemius the Akt pathway was impacted by arsenic and the proteolytic pathway was impaired by arsenic and sucrose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos-Díaz AI, Solís-López J, Díaz-Torres E, Guadarrama-Olmos JC, Osorio B, Kroll T, Webb SM, Hiriart M, Jiménez-Estrada I, Missirlis F. Metal ion content of internal organs in the calorically restricted Wistar rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127182. [PMID: 37130496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the agreed principle that access to food is a human right, undernourishment and metal ion deficiencies are public health problems worldwide, exacerbated in impoverished or war-affected areas. It is known that maternal malnutrition causes growth retardation and affects behavioral and cognitive development of the newborn. Here we ask whether severe caloric restriction leads per se to disrupted metal accumulation in different organs of the Wistar rat. METHODS Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of multiple elements in the small and large intestine, heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, brain, spinal cord, and three skeletal muscles from control and calorically restricted Wistar rats. The caloric restriction protocol was initiated from the mothers prior to mating and continued throughout gestation, lactation, and post-weaning up to sixty days of age. RESULTS Both sexes were analyzed but dimorphism was rare. The pancreas was the most affected organ presenting a higher concentration of all the elements analyzed. Copper concentration decreased in the kidney and increased in the liver. Each skeletal muscle responded to the treatment differentially: Extensor Digitorum Longus accumulated calcium and manganese, gastrocnemius decreased copper and manganese, whereas soleus decreased iron concentrations. Differences were also observed in the concentration of elements between organs independently of treatment: The soleus muscle presents a higher concentration of Zn compared to the other muscles and the rest of the organs. Notably, the spinal cord showed large accumulations of calcium and half the concentration of zinc compared to brain. X-ray fluorescence imaging suggests that the extra calcium is attributable to the presence of ossifications whereas the latter finding is attributable to the low abundance of zinc synapses in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Severe caloric restriction did not lead to systemic metal deficiencies but caused instead specific metal responses in few organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma I Santos-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Díaz-Torres
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Osorio
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Dias VS, Eller S, De Oliveira TF, Giovenardi M, Guedes RP. Cannabidiol treatment improves metabolic profile and decreases hypothalamic inflammation caused by maternal obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150189. [PMID: 36969815 PMCID: PMC10033544 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe implications of maternal overnutrition on offspring metabolic and neuroimmune development are well-known. Increasing evidence now suggests that maternal obesity and poor dietary habits during pregnancy and lactation can increase the risk of central and peripheral metabolic dysregulation in the offspring, but the mechanisms are not sufficiently established. Furthermore, despite many studies addressing preventive measures targeted at the mother, very few propose practical approaches to treat the damages when they are already installed.MethodsHere we investigated the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment to attenuate the effects of maternal obesity induced by a cafeteria diet on hypothalamic inflammation and the peripheral metabolic profile of the offspring in Wistar rats.ResultsWe have observed that maternal obesity induced a range of metabolic imbalances in the offspring in a sex-dependant manner, with higher deposition of visceral white adipose tissue, increased plasma fasting glucose and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in both sexes, but the increase in serum cholesterol and triglycerides only occurred in females, while the increase in plasma insulin and the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was only observed in male offspring. We also found an overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL) 6, and interleukin (IL) 1β in the hypothalamus, a trademark of neuroinflammation. Interestingly, the expression of GFAP, a marker for astrogliosis, was reduced in the offspring of obese mothers, indicating an adaptive mechanism to in utero neuroinflammation. Treatment with 50 mg/kg CBD oil by oral gavage was able to reduce white adipose tissue and revert insulin resistance in males, reduce plasma triglycerides in females, and attenuate plasma LPS levels and overexpression of TNFα and IL6 in the hypothalamus of both sexes.DiscussionTogether, these results indicate an intricate interplay between peripheral and central counterparts in both the pathogenicity of maternal obesity and the therapeutic effects of CBD. In this context, the impairment of internal hypothalamic circuitry caused by neuroinflammation runs in tandem with the disruptions of important metabolic processes, which can be attenuated by CBD treatment in both ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victor Silva Dias
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco De Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renata Padilha Guedes,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fetal growth restriction followed by early catch-up growth impairs pancreatic islet morphology in male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2732. [PMID: 36792668 PMCID: PMC9932152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), followed by postnatal early catch-up growth, is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes in humans. This study aims to determine the effects of FGR and early catch-up growth after birth on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, with particular attention to glucose tolerance, pancreatic islet morphology, and fibrosis, and to elucidate its mechanism using proteomics analysis. The FGR rat model was made by inducing mild intrauterine hypoperfusion using ameroid constrictors (ACs). On day 17 of pregnancy, ACs were affixed to the uterine and ovarian arteries bilaterally, causing a 20.9% reduction in birth weight compared to sham pups. On postnatal day 4 (P4), the pups were assigned to either the good nutrition (GN) groups with 5 pups per dam to ensure postnatal catch-up growth or poor nutrition groups with 15 pups per dam to maintain lower body weight. After weaning, all pups were fed regular chow food ad libitum (P21). Rats in both FGR groups developed glucose intolerance; however, male rats in the FGR good nutrition (FGR-GN) group also developed hypertriglyceridemia and dysmorphic pancreatic islets with fibrosis. A comprehensive and functional analysis of proteins expressed in the pancreas showed that FGR, followed by early catch-up growth, severely aggravated cell adhesion-related protein expression in male offspring. Thus, FGR and early catch-up growth caused pancreatic islet morphological abnormalities and fibrosis associated with the disturbance of cell adhesion-related protein expressions. These changes likely induce glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in male rats.
Collapse
|
6
|
Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock K, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman M, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman B, Fern Ndez FM, Goodyear LJ, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527012. [PMID: 36778330 PMCID: PMC9915732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
Collapse
|
7
|
NGF and Its Role in Immunoendocrine Communication during Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031957. [PMID: 36768281 PMCID: PMC9916855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first neurotrophin described. This neurotrophin contributes to organogenesis by promoting sensory innervation and angiogenesis in the endocrine and immune systems. Neuronal and non-neuronal cells produce and secrete NGF, and several cell types throughout the body express the high-affinity neurotrophin receptor TrkA and the low-affinity receptor p75NTR. NGF is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the complete development of pancreatic islets. Plus, this factor is involved in regulating lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Immune cells produce and respond to NGF, modulating their inflammatory phenotype and the secretion of cytokines, contributing to insulin resistance and metabolic homeostasis. This neurotrophin regulates the synthesis of gonadal steroid hormones, which ultimately participate in the metabolic homeostasis of other tissues. Therefore, we propose that this neurotrophin's imbalance in concentrations and signaling during metabolic syndrome contribute to its pathophysiology. In the present work, we describe the multiple roles of NGF in immunoendocrine organs that are important in metabolic homeostasis and related to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular mechanism and therapeutic significance of dihydromyricetin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Larqué C, Velasco M, Chávez-Maldonado JP, Sabido J, Sanchez-Zamora YI, Hiriart M. Sexual dimorphism in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance during a critical developmental window in Wistar rats. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:154. [PMID: 36224569 PMCID: PMC9554987 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the response of organs to insulin is impaired. IR is an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. However, IR also appears in physiological contexts during critical developmental windows. The molecular mechanisms of physiological IR are largely unknown in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in insulin sensitivity is observed since early stages of development. We propose that during periods of accelerated growth, such as around weaning, at postnatal day 20 (p20) in rats, the kinase S6K1 is overactivated and induces impairment of insulin signaling in its target organs. This work aimed to characterize IR at p20, determine its underlying mechanisms, and identify whether sexual dimorphism in physiological IR occurs during this stage.
Methods We determined systemic insulin sensitivity through insulin tolerance tests, glucose tolerance tests, and blood glucose and insulin levels under fasting and fed conditions at p20 and adult male and female Wistar rats. Furthermore, we quantified levels of S6K1 phosphorylated at threonine 389 (T389) (active form) and its target IRS1 phosphorylated at serine 1101 (S1101) (inhibited form). In addition, we assessed insulin signal transduction by measuring levels of Akt phosphorylated at serine 473 (S473) (active form) in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle through western blot. Finally, we determined the presence and function of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane by measuring the glucose uptake of adipocytes. Results were compared using two-way ANOVA (With age and sex as factors) and one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s tests or t-student test in each corresponding case. Statistical significance was considered for P values < 0.05. Results We found that both male and female p20 rats have elevated levels of glucose and insulin, low systemic insulin sensitivity, and glucose intolerance. We identified sex- and tissue-related differences in the activation of insulin signaling proteins in p20 rats compared to adult rats. Conclusions Male and female p20 rats present physiological insulin resistance with differences in the protein activation of insulin signaling. This suggests that S6K1 overactivation and the resulting IRS1 inhibition by phosphorylation at S1101 may modulate to insulin sensitivity in a sex- and tissue-specific manner. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00965-6. Insulin regulates the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins differently between males, and females. One of its primary functions is maintaining adequate blood glucose levels favoring glucose entry in muscle and adipose tissue after food consumption. Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the response of organs to insulin is impaired. IR is frequently associated with metabolic dysfunction such as inflammation, obesity, or type 2 diabetes. However, physiological IR develops in healthy individuals during periods of rapid growth, pregnancy, or aging by mechanisms not fully understood. We studied the postnatal development, specifically around weaning at postnatal day 20 (p20) of Wistar rats. In previous works, we identified insulin resistance during this period in male rats. This work aimed to characterize IR at p20, determine its underlying mechanisms, and identify whether sexual dimorphism in physiological IR occurs during this stage. We found that p20 rats of both sexes have elevated blood glucose and insulin levels, low systemic insulin sensitivity, and glucose intolerance. We identified differences in insulin-regulated protein activation (S6K1, IRS1, Akt, and GLUT4) between sexes in different tissues and adipose tissue depots. Studying these mechanisms and their differences between males and females is essential to understanding insulin actions and their relationship with the possible development of metabolic diseases in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology, and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Chávez-Maldonado
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean Sabido
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuriko Itzel Sanchez-Zamora
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blackmore K, Young CN. Central Feminization of Obese Male Mice Reduces Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1324. [PMID: 36291259 PMCID: PMC9599293 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome encompasses a spectrum of conditions that increases the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It is widely accepted that the sex hormone estrogen plays a protective metabolic role in premenopausal women, in part through central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms. However, most work to date has focused on the loss of estrogen in females (e.g., menopause). Interestingly, transgender individuals receiving feminizing gender affirming therapy (i.e., estrogen) are relatively protected from metabolic syndrome conditions, pointing to a role for CNS estrogen in the development of metabolic syndrome in men. Here, we show that estrogen signaling in the brain protects males from metabolic syndrome and obesity related complications. First, short-term CNS specific supplementation of low-dose 17-β-estradiol in diet-induced obese male mice resulted in a significant reduction in body weight in parallel with a decrease in food intake without alterations in energy expenditure. In conjunction, central supplementation of estrogen reduced visceral adiposity, including epididymal and abdominal regions, with slighter decreases in subcutaneous inguinal and thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, central estrogen administration reduced the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome including hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that a lack of estrogen action in the brain may predispose males to metabolic syndrome pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackmore
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Colin N. Young
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Mohammadifard M, Erfanian Z, Hosseini M. The maternal reduced uteroplacental perfusion model of preeclampsia induces sexually dimorphic metabolic responses in rat offspring. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 36109770 PMCID: PMC9479437 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring born to preeclamptic mothers are prone to obesity, diabetes and hypertension in later life, but still, studies investigating the underlying mechanism are limited. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of the reduced uteroplacental perfusion (RUPP) rat preeclampsia model on offspring metabolic outcomes. METHODS Timed pregnant Wistar rats underwent RUPP or sham surgeries on day 14 of gestation. Glucometabolic parameters were evaluated on postnatal days (PND), 14 (childhood), and 60 (young adult). In addition, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), immunohistochemical staining for insulin in pancreatic islets, arterial blood pressure and 24-h urine protein (24hUP) excretion were performed at PND60. RESULTS Male, but not female, young adult rats (PND60) of RUPP dams exhibited an impaired IPGTT, decreased circulatory insulin and weakened pancreatic insulin immunoreactivity. Compared to the male offspring of the sham group, the body mass of male RUPP offspring significantly caught up after PND42, but it was not sex-specific. RUPP pups also exhibited upregulations in glucagon (only males) and ghrelin (both sexes with a more significant increase in males) during PND14-PND60. However, in sham offspring (both sexes), glucagon levels were downregulated and ghrelin levels unchanged during PND14-PND60. The blood pressure, HOMA-IR and 24hUP values did not alter in RUPP pups. CONCLUSIONS The overall results suggest that maternal RUPP has negative and sex-specific impacts on insulin, glucagon and ghrelin regulations in offspring and that, as young adults, male RUPP rats may be more prone to develop obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mohammadifard
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Erfanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Early Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels from Rat Pancreatic Beta Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040365. [PMID: 35448552 PMCID: PMC9030496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic signs that increases the risk of developing type 2 two diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. MS leads to pancreatic beta cell exhaustion and decreased insulin secretion through unknown mechanisms in a time-dependent manner. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels), common targets of anti-diabetic drugs, participate in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, coupling the metabolic status and electrical activity of pancreatic beta cells. We investigated the early effects of MS on the conductance, ATP and glybenclamide sensitivity of the KATP channels. We used Wistar rats fed with a high-sucrose diet (HSD) for 8 weeks as a MS model. In excised membrane patches, control and HSD channels showed similar unitary conductance and ATP sensitivity pancreatic beta cells in their KATP channels. In contrast, MS produced variability in the sensitivity to glybenclamide of KATP channels. We observed two subpopulations of pancreatic beta cells, one with similar (Gly1) and one with increased (Gly2) glybenclamide sensitivity compared to the control group. This study shows that the early effects of MS produced by consuming high-sugar beverages can affect the pharmacological properties of KATP channels to one of the drugs used for diabetes treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pánico P, Velasco M, Salazar AM, Picones A, Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Guerrero-Palomo G, Salgado-Bernabé ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. Is Arsenic Exposure a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome? A Review of the Potential Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878280. [PMID: 35651975 PMCID: PMC9150370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide health problem. This pollutant is associated with increased risk of developing chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that results from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. This condition increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MS includes at least three of the following signs, central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias, and hypertension. Here, we summarize the existing evidence of the multiple mechanisms triggered by arsenic to developing the cardinal signs of MS, showing that this pollutant could contribute to the multifactorial origin of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Picones
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Guerrero-Palomo
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Eduardo Salgado-Bernabé
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rehn S, Boakes RA, Badolato CJ, Rooney KB. Sex differences in recovery from cognitive and metabolic impairments induced by supplementary sucrose in rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113515. [PMID: 34224781 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of beverages containing around 10% sucrose contributes to worldwide obesity. Studies using rats can increase understanding of the consequences of such consumption. The present experiment aimed to compare male and female rats, first, in terms of cognitive and metabolic impairments produced by excessive intakes of 10% sucrose solution (Stage 1:8 weeks) and, second, with regard to recovery once access to sucrose ceased (Stage 2:4 weeks). All animals had unrestricted access to chow and water throughout. The primary cognitive outcome was performance on a place recognition task. The primary metabolic outcome was retroperitoneal fat pad mass/kg bodyweight at cull, with body weight and glucose tolerance as secondary outcomes. In a 3 × 2 between-subject factorial design the first factor was whether rats had: (1) unlimited access to a 10% sucrose solution and water throughout both stages (Suc-Suc); (2) were switched from sucrose in the 8-week Stage 1 to water only in the 4-week Stage 2 (Suc-Water); or (3) had no access to sucrose in either stage (Water-Water). The second factor was sex. A major metabolic outcome was that of persistent adiposity in both males and females in the Suc-Water condition. As for place recognition, females in the Suc-Suc condition showed greater long-term resistance than males to the impact of excessive sucrose on spatial memory impairment. Overall, few sex differences were found in secondary metabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rehn
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Kieron B Rooney
- Faculty of Health Science, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barajas-Martínez A, Ibarra-Coronado E, Fossion R, Toledo-Roy JC, Martínez-Garcés V, López-Rivera JA, Tello-Santoyo G, Lavin RD, Gómez JL, Stephens CR, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Estañol B, Torres N, Tovar AR, Resendis-Antonio O, Hiriart M, Frank A, Rivera AL. Sex Differences in the Physiological Network of Healthy Young Subjects. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678507. [PMID: 34045977 PMCID: PMC8144508 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Within human physiology, systemic interactions couple physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These interactions change according to health status and are modified by factors such as age and sex. For several physiological processes, sex-based distinctions in normal physiology are present and defined in isolation. However, new methodologies are indispensable to analyze system-wide properties and interactions with the objective of exploring differences between sexes. Here we propose a new method to construct complex inferential networks from a normalization using the clinical criteria for health of physiological variables, and the correlations between anthropometric and blood tests biomarkers of 198 healthy young participants (117 women, 81 men, from 18 to 27 years old). Physiological networks of men have less correlations, displayed higher modularity, higher small-world index, but were more vulnerable to directed attacks, whereas networks of women were more resilient. The networks of both men and women displayed sex-specific connections that are consistent with the literature. Additionally, we carried out a time-series study on heart rate variability (HRV) using Physionet's Fantasia database. Autocorrelation of HRV, variance, and Poincare's plots, as a measure of variability, are statistically significant higher in young men and statistically significant different from young women. These differences are attenuated in older men and women, that have similar HRV distributions. The network approach revealed differences in the association of variables related to glucose homeostasis, nitrogen balance, kidney function, and fat depots. The clusters of physiological variables and their roles within the network remained similar regardless of sex. Both methodologies show a higher number of associations between variables in the physiological system of women, implying redundant mechanisms of control and simultaneously showing that these systems display less variability in time than those of men, constituting a more resilient system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barajas-Martínez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Claudio Toledo-Roy
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vania Martínez-Garcés
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM-MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio López-Rivera
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rusland D Lavin
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher R Stephens
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Bruno Estañol
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Frank
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,El Colegio Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salazar AM, Sordo M, Navarrete-Monroy E, Pánico P, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Montúfar-Chaveznava R, Caldelas I, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Maternal overnutrition before and during pregnancy induces DNA damage in male offspring: A rabbit model. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503324. [PMID: 33865538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a rabbit model, we investigated whether maternal intake of a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) before and during pregnancy induces an increase in micronuclei frequency and oxidative stress in offspring during adulthood. Female rabbits received a standard diet (SD) or HFCD for two months before mating and during gestation. The offspring from both groups were nursed by foster mothers fed SD until postnatal day 35. After weaning, all the animals received SD until postnatal day 440. At postnatal day 370, the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes (MN-RETs) increased in the male offspring from HFCD-fed mothers compared with the male offspring from SD-fed mothers. Additionally, fasting serum glucose increased in the offspring from HFCD-fed mothers compared with the offspring from SD-fed mothers. At postnatal day 440, the offspring rabbits were challenged with HFCD or continued with SD for 30 days. There was an increase in MN-RET frequency in the male rabbits from HFCD-fed mothers, independent of the type of challenging diet consumed during adulthood. The challenge induced changes in serum cholesterol, LDL and HDL that were influenced by the maternal diet and offspring sex. We measured malondialdehyde in the liver of rabbits as an oxidative stress marker after diet challenge. Oxidative stress in the liver only increased in the female offspring from HFCD-fed mothers who were also challenged with this same diet. The data indicate that maternal overnutrition before and during pregnancy is able to promote different effects depending on the sex of the animals, with chromosomal instability in male offspring and oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia in female offspring. Our data might be important in the understanding of chronic diseases that develop in adulthood due to in utero exposure to maternal diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Navarrete-Monroy
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Pánico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ivette Caldelas
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Velasco M, Larqué C, Escalona R, Hiriart M. Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690484. [PMID: 34220716 PMCID: PMC8251559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increment in energy-dense food and low physical activity has contributed to the current obesity pandemic, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. During obesity, nutrient storage capacity is dysregulated due to a reduced insulin action on its target organs, producing insulin resistance, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is central in metabolic diseases due to the critical role that this tissue plays in energy homeostasis. We focused on sexual dimorphism on the molecular mechanisms of insulin actions and their relationship with the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. Until recently, most of the physiological and pharmacological studies were done in males without considering sexual dimorphism, which is relevant. There is ample clinical and epidemiological evidence of its contribution to the establishment and progression of metabolic diseases. Sexual dimorphism is a critical and often overlooked factor that should be considered in design of sex-targeted therapeutic strategies and public health policies to address obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
| |
Collapse
|