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Deemer SE, Roberts BM, Smith DL, Plaisance EP, Philp A. Exogenous ketone esters as a potential therapeutic for treatment of sarcopenic obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C140-C150. [PMID: 38766768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00471.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Identifying effective treatment(s) for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is of paramount importance as the global population advances in age and obesity continues to be a worldwide concern. Evidence has shown that a ketogenic diet can be beneficial for the preservation of muscle quality and function in older adults, but long-term adherence is low due in part to the high-fat (≥80%), very low carbohydrate (<5%) composition of the diet. When provided in adequate amounts, exogenous ketone esters (KEs) can increase circulating ketones to concentrations that exceed those observed during prolonged fasting or starvation without significant alterations in the diet. Ketone esters first emerged in the mid-1990s and their use in preclinical and clinical research has escalated within the past 10-15 years. We present findings from a narrative review of the existing literature for a proposed hypothesis on the effects of exogenous ketones as a therapeutic for preservation of skeletal muscle and function within the context of sarcopenic obesity and future directions for exploration. Much of the reviewed literature herein examines the mechanisms of the ketone diester (R,S-1,3-butanediol diacetoacetate) on skeletal muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis, and epigenetic regulation in murine models. Additional studies are needed to further examine the key regulatory factors producing these effects in skeletal muscle, examine convergent and divergent effects among different ketone ester formulations, and establish optimal frequency and dosing regimens to translate these findings into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Deemer
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion & Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - Brandon M Roberts
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Andrew Philp
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Zhang M, Bai Y, Wang Y, Cui H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Yan P, Tang M, Liu Y, Jiang X, Zhang B. Independent association of general and central adiposity with risk of gallstone disease: observational and genetic analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1367229. [PMID: 38529389 PMCID: PMC10961427 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background General obesity is a well-established risk factor for gallstone disease (GSD), but whether central obesity contributes additional independent risk remains controversial. We aimed to comprehensively clarify the effect of body fat distribution on GSD. Methods We first investigated the observational association of central adiposity, characterized by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with GSD risk using data from UK Biobank (N=472,050). We then explored the genetic relationship using summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of GSD (ncase=43,639, ncontrol=506,798) as well as WHR, with and without adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (WHR: n=697,734; WHRadjBMI: n=694,649). Results Observational analysis demonstrated an increased risk of GSD with one unit increase in WHR (HR=1.18, 95%CI=1.14-1.21). A positive WHR-GSD genetic correlation (r g =0.41, P=1.42×10-52) was observed, driven by yet independent of BMI (WHRadjBMI: r g =0.19, P=6.89×10-16). Cross-trait meta-analysis identified four novel pleiotropic loci underlying WHR and GSD with biological mechanisms outside of BMI. Mendelian randomization confirmed a robust WHR-GSD causal relationship (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.35-1.65) which attenuated yet remained significant after adjusting for BMI (OR=1.17, 95%CI=1.09-1.26). Furthermore, observational analysis confirmed a positive association between general obesity and GSD, corroborated by a shared genetic basis (r g =0.40, P=2.16×10-43), multiple novel pleiotropic loci (N=11) and a causal relationship (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.56-1.78). Conclusion Both observational and genetic analyses consistently provide evidence on an association of central obesity with an increased risk of GSD, independent of general obesity. Our work highlights the need of considering both general and central obesity in the clinical management of GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Clinical and Public Health Research Center, Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Bai
- Gene Diagnosis Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Mozzetta C, Sartorelli V, Steinkuhler C, Puri PL. HDAC inhibitors as pharmacological treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a discovery journey from bench to patients. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:278-294. [PMID: 38408879 PMCID: PMC11095976 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Earlier evidence that targeting the balance between histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), through exposure to HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), could enhance skeletal myogenesis, prompted interest in using HDACis to promote muscle regeneration. Further identification of constitutive HDAC activation in dystrophin-deficient muscles, caused by dysregulated nitric oxide (NO) signaling, provided the rationale for HDACi-based therapeutic interventions for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this review, we describe the molecular, preclinical, and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of HDACis in countering disease progression by targeting pathogenic networks of gene expression in multiple muscle-resident cell types of patients with DMD. Given that givinostat is paving the way for HDACi-based interventions in DMD, next-generation HDACis with optimized therapeutic profiles and efficacy could be also explored for synergistic combinations with other therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mozzetta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Molinari S, Imbriano C, Moresi V, Renzini A, Belluti S, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Gigli G, Cedola A. Histone deacetylase functions and therapeutic implications for adult skeletal muscle metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1130183. [PMID: 37006625 PMCID: PMC10050567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1130183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptive organ that sustains continuous metabolic changes in response to different functional demands. Healthy skeletal muscle can adjust fuel utilization to the intensity of muscle activity, the availability of nutrients and the intrinsic characteristics of muscle fibers. This property is defined as metabolic flexibility. Importantly, impaired metabolic flexibility has been associated with, and likely contributes to the onset and progression of numerous pathologies, including sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies involving genetic and pharmacological manipulations of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in vitro and in vivo have elucidated their multiple functions in regulating adult skeletal muscle metabolism and adaptation. Here, we briefly review HDAC classification and skeletal muscle metabolism in physiological conditions and upon metabolic stimuli. We then discuss HDAC functions in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism at baseline and following exercise. Finally, we give an overview of the literature regarding the activity of HDACs in skeletal muscle aging and their potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molinari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Viviana Moresi,
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Vainshtein A, Slavin MB, Cheng AJ, Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Perry CGR, Abdul-Sater AA, Belcastro AN, Riddell MC, Triolo M, Haas TL, Roudier E, Hood DA. Scientific meeting report: International Biochemistry of Exercise 2022. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1381-1393. [PMID: 36356257 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00475.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the only nonpharmacological remedies known to counteract genetic and chronic diseases by enhancing health and improving life span. Although the many benefits of regular physical activity have been recognized for some time, the intricate and complex signaling systems triggered at the onset of exercise have only recently begun to be uncovered. Exercising muscles initiate a coordinated, multisystemic, metabolic rewiring, which is communicated to distant organs by various molecular mediators. The field of exercise research has been expanding beyond the musculoskeletal system, with interest from industry to provide realistic models and exercise mimetics that evoke a whole body rejuvenation response. The 18th International Biochemistry of Exercise conference took place in Toronto, Canada, from May 25 to May 28, 2022, with more than 400 attendees. Here, we provide an overview of the most cutting-edge exercise-related research presented by 66 speakers, focusing on new developments in topics ranging from molecular and cellular mechanisms of exercise adaptations to exercise therapy and management of disease and aging. We also describe how the manipulation of these signaling pathways can uncover therapeutic avenues for improving human health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhaela B Slavin
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Memme
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo N Belcastro
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Triolo
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L Haas
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Dang F, Wei W. Targeting the acetylation signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:209-218. [PMID: 33705871 PMCID: PMC8423867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation represents one of the major post-translational protein modifications, which introduces an acetyl functional group into amino acids such as the lysine residue to yield an acetate ester bond, neutralizing its positive charge. Regulation of protein functions by acetylation occurs in multiple ways, such as affecting protein stability, activity, localization, and interaction with other proteins or DNA. It has been well documented that the recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) to the transcriptional machinery can modulate histone acetylation status, which is directly involved in the dynamic regulation of genes controlling cell proliferation and division. Dysregulation of gene expression is involved in tumorigenesis and aberrant activation of histone deacetylases has been reported in several types of cancer. Moreover, there is growing body of evidence showing that acetylation is widely involved in non-histone proteins to impact their roles in various cellular processes including tumorigenesis. As such, small molecular compounds inhibiting HAT or HDAC enzymatic activities have been developed and investigated for therapeutic purpose. Here we review the recent progress in our understanding of protein acetylation and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the acetylation signaling pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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7
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Human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose promotes melanin degradation via the autophagic AMPK-ULK1 signaling axis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13983. [PMID: 35977966 PMCID: PMC9385628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still an unmet need for development of safer antimelanogenic or melanin-degrading agents for skin hyperpigmentation, induced by intrinsic or extrinsic factors including aging or ultraviolet irradiation. Owing to the relatively low cytotoxicity compared with other chemical materials, several studies have explored the role of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the most dominant component of human milk oligosaccharides. Here, we showed that 2'-FL reduced melanin levels in both melanocytic cells and a human skin equivalent three-dimensional in vitro model. Regarding the cellular and molecular mechanism, 2'-FL induced LC3I conversion into LC3II, an autophagy activation marker, followed by the formation of LC3II+/PMEL+ autophagosomes. Comparative transcriptome analysis provided a comprehensive understanding for the up- and downstream cellular processes and signaling pathways of the AMPK–ULK1 signaling axis triggered by 2'-FL treatment. Moreover, 2'-FL activated the phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 and of ULK1 at Ser555, which were readily reversed in the presence of dorsomorphin, a specific AMPK inhibitor, with consequent reduction of the 2'-FL-mediated hypopigmentation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 2'-FL promotes melanin degradation by inducing autophagy through the AMPK–ULK1 axis. Hence, 2'-FL may represent a new natural melanin-degrading agent for hyperpigmentation.
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8
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Shanaki M, Omidifar A, Shabani P, Toolabi K. Association between HDACs and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:880-886. [PMID: 32238064 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1734843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important players in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Few studies have addressed HDAC expressions in human adipose tissue in obese individuals, and their association with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we compared 20 non-obese and 20 obese women to investigate possible changes in gene expressions of HDAC2, 4, 5, and 6 in the subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) of these individuals. Our findings showed decreased HDAC5 expression in SAT and elevated HDAC4 expression in VAT from the obese group compared with the non-obese group. Our analyses showed negative correlations between HDAC2, 5, and 6 and the obesity indices and positive correlations between HDAC4 and obesity indices. HDAC2 showed a positive correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas HDAC4, 5, and 6 were negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide new evidence that implicates the important roles of HDACs in obesity and obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Omidifar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shabani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Rios-Morales M, Vieira-Lara MA, Homan E, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Gerding A, Li Z, Huijkman N, Rensen PCN, Wolters JC, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. Butyrate oxidation attenuates the butyrate-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity in myotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166476. [PMID: 35811030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological process that precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. Whereas an overload of long-chain fatty acids can induce muscle insulin resistance, butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced from dietary fibre fermentation, prevents it. This preventive role of butyrate has been attributed to histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated transcription regulation and activation of mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation. Here we address the interplay between butyrate and the long-chain fatty acid palmitate and investigate how transcription, signalling and metabolism are integrated to result in the butyrate-induced skeletal muscle metabolism remodelling. Butyrate enhanced insulin sensitivity in palmitate-treated, insulin-resistant C2C12 cells, as shown by elevated insulin receptor 1 (IRS1) and pAKT protein levels and Slc2a4 (GLUT4) mRNA, which led to a higher glycolytic capacity. Long-chain fatty-acid oxidation capacity and other functional respiration parameters were not affected. Butyrate did upregulate mitochondrial proteins involved in its own oxidation, as well as concentrations of butyrylcarnitine and hydroyxybutyrylcarnitine. By knocking down the gene encoding medium-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (MCKAT, Acaa2), butyrate oxidation was inhibited, which amplified the effects of the SCFA on insulin sensitivity and glycolysis. This response was associated with enhanced HDAC inhibition, based on histone 3 acetylation levels. Butyrate enhances insulin sensitivity and induces glycolysis, without the requirement of upregulated long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Butyrate catabolism functions as an escape valve that attenuates HDAC inhibition. Thus, inhibition of butyrate oxidation indirectly prevents insulin resistance and stimulates glycolytic flux in myotubes treated with butyrate, most likely via an HDAC-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Homan
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette Huijkman
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Effects of Chronic Arginase Inhibition with Norvaline on Tau Pathology and Brain Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1255-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Martins VF, LaBarge SA, Stanley A, Svensson K, Hung CW, Keinan O, Ciaraldi TP, Banoian D, Park JE, Ha C, Hetrick B, Meyer GA, Philp A, David LL, Henry RR, Aslan JE, Saltiel AR, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. p300 or CBP is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. JCI Insight 2021; 7:141344. [PMID: 34813504 PMCID: PMC8765050 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While current thinking posits that insulin signaling to GLUT4 exocytic translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes is controlled by phosphorylation-based signaling, many proteins in this pathway are acetylated on lysine residues. However, the importance of acetylation and lysine acetyltransferases to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that combined loss of the acetyltransferases E1A binding protein p300 (p300) and cAMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP) in mouse skeletal muscle causes a complete loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Similarly, brief (i.e. 1 h) pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP acetyltransferase activity recapitulates this phenotype in human and rodent myotubes, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and mouse muscle. Mechanistically, these effects are due to p300/CBP-mediated regulation of GLUT4 exocytic translocation and occurs downstream of Akt signaling. Taken together, we highlight a fundamental role for acetylation and p300/CBP in the direct regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Omer Keinan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Dion Banoian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Ji E Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Christina Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Robert R Henry
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
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12
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Chakraborty P, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Medala V, John A, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Emerging Role of HDACs: Pathology and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 10:1340. [PMID: 34071497 PMCID: PMC8228721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal manifestations of metabolic syndrome and its prevalence with modern lifestyle is increasing incessantly. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce several vascular complications that were referred to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in DM. Although several therapeutic targets have been identified and accessed clinically, the imminent risk of DM and its prevalence are still ascending. Substantial pieces of evidence revealed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms can regulate various molecular activities in DM via epigenetic and post-translational regulation of several transcription factors. To date, 18 HDAC isoforms have been identified in mammals that were categorized into four different classes. Classes I, II, and IV are regarded as classical HDACs, which operate through a Zn-based mechanism. In contrast, class III HDACs or Sirtuins depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their molecular activity. Functionally, most of the HDAC isoforms can regulate β cell fate, insulin release, insulin expression and signaling, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, the roles of HDAC members have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and other pathological events, which substantially contribute to diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, HDACs could serve as the potential therapeutic target in DM towards developing novel intervention strategies. This review sheds light on the emerging role of HDACs/isoforms in diabetic pathophysiology and emphasized the scope of their targeting in DM for constituting novel interventional strategies for metabolic disorders/complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vijaykrishna Medala
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
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13
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Klymenko O, Brecklinghaus T, Dille M, Springer C, de Wendt C, Altenhofen D, Binsch C, Knebel B, Scheller J, Hardt C, Herwig R, Chadt A, Pfluger PT, Al-Hasani H, Kabra DG. Histone deacetylase 5 regulates interleukin 6 secretion and insulin action in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101062. [PMID: 32771698 PMCID: PMC7481569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise training is associated with increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and improved glycemic control. HDAC5, a class IIa histone deacetylase, has been shown to regulate transcription of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 in cultured muscle cells. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of HDAC5 to the transcriptional network in muscle and the beneficial effect of muscle contraction and regular exercise on glucose metabolism. METHODS HDAC5 knockout mice (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were trained for 8 weeks on treadmills, metabolically phenotyped, and compared to sedentary controls. Hdac5-deficient skeletal muscle and cultured Hdac5-knockdown (KD) C2C12 myotubes were utilized for studies of gene expression and glucose metabolism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies were conducted to analyze Il6 promoter activity using H3K9ac and HDAC5 antibodies. RESULTS Global transcriptome analysis of Hdac5 KO gastrocnemius muscle demonstrated activation of the IL-6 signaling pathway. Accordingly, knockdown of Hdac5 in C2C12 myotubes led to higher expression and secretion of IL-6 with enhanced insulin-stimulated activation of AKT that was reversed by Il6 knockdown. Moreover, Hdac5-deficient myotubes exhibited enhanced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and elevated expression levels of the glucose transporter GLUT4. Transcription of Il6 was further enhanced by electrical pulse stimulation in Hdac5-deficient C2C12 myotubes. ChIP identified a ∼1 kb fragment of the Il6 promoter that interacts with HDAC5 and demonstrated increased activation-associated histone marker AcH3K9 in Hdac5-deficient muscle cells. Exercise intervention of HDAC5 KO mice resulted in improved systemic glucose tolerance as compared to WT controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified HDAC5 as a negative epigenetic regulator of IL-6 synthesis and release in skeletal muscle. HDAC5 may exert beneficial effects through two different mechanisms, transcriptional control of genes required for glucose disposal and utilization, and HDAC5-dependent IL-6 signaling cross-talk to improve glucose uptake in muscle in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Klymenko
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Brecklinghaus
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Dille
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Springer
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian de Wendt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Binsch
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Hardt
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Dhiraj G Kabra
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Balasubramanian B, Kim HJ, Mothana RA, Kim YO, Siddiqui NA. Role of LXR alpha in regulating expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes — Investigation on improvement of health of diabetic patients. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:244-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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Understanding Failure and Improving Treatment Using HDAC Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020022. [PMID: 32019149 PMCID: PMC7168248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment regimens are required for castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) that become unresponsive to standard treatments, such as docetaxel and enzalutamide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors showed promising results in hematological malignancies, but they failed in solid tumors such as prostate cancer, despite the overexpression of HDACs in CRPC. Four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, pracinostat, panobinostat and romidepsin, underwent phase II clinical trials for prostate cancers; however, phase III trials were not recommended due to a majority of patients exhibiting either toxicity or disease progression. In this review, the pharmacodynamic reasons for the failure of HDAC inhibitors were assessed and placed in the context of the advancements in the understanding of CRPCs, HDACs and resistance mechanisms. The review focuses on three themes: evolution of androgen receptor-negative prostate cancers, development of resistance mechanisms and differential effects of HDACs. In conclusion, advancements can be made in this field by characterizing HDACs in prostate tumors more extensively, as this will allow more specific drugs catering to the specific HDAC subtypes to be designed.
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16
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Martins VF, Begur M, Lakkaraju S, Svensson K, Park J, Hetrick B, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. Acute inhibition of protein deacetylases does not impact skeletal muscle insulin action. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C964-C968. [PMID: 31461343 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00159.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whether the histone deacetylase (HDAC) and sirtuin families of protein deacetylases regulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, independent of their transcriptional effects, has not been studied. Our objective was to determine the nontranscriptional role of HDACs and sirtuins in regulation of skeletal muscle insulin action. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and signaling and acetylation were assessed in L6 myotubes and skeletal muscle from C57BL/6J mice that were treated acutely (1 h) with HDAC (trichostatin A, panobinostat, TMP195) and sirtuin inhibitors (nicotinamide). Treatment of L6 myotubes with HDAC inhibitors or skeletal muscle with a combination of HDAC and sirtuin inhibitors increased tubulin and pan-protein acetylation, demonstrating effective impairment of HDAC and sirtuin deacetylase activities. Despite this, neither basal nor insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or insulin signaling was impacted. Acute reduction of the deacetylase activity of HDACs and/or sirtuins does not impact insulin action in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Maedha Begur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shivani Lakkaraju
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ji Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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17
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Bagchi RA, Weeks KL. Histone deacetylases in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:151-159. [PMID: 30978343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene transcription by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from key lysine residues in nucleosomal histones and via the recruitment of other epigenetic regulators to DNA promoter/enhancer regions. Over the past two decades, HDACs have been implicated in multiple processes pertinent to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, fibrosis, calcium handling, inflammation and energy metabolism. The development of small molecule HDAC inhibitors and genetically modified loss- and gain-of-function mouse models has allowed interrogation of the roles of specific HDAC isoforms in these processes. Isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors may prove to be powerful therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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18
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Myrie SB, Pinder MA. Skeletal muscle and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:222-229. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is critical for mobility and many metabolic functions integral to survival and long-term health. Alcohol can affect skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism, which will have immediate and long-term consequences on health. While skeletal muscle abnormalities, including morphological, biochemical, and functional impairments, are well-documented in adults that excessively consume alcohol, there is a scarcity of information about the skeletal muscle in the offspring prenatally exposed to alcohol (“prenatal alcohol exposure”; PAE). This minireview examines the available studies addressing skeletal muscle abnormalities due to PAE. Growth restriction, fetal alcohol myopathy, and abnormalities in the neuromuscular system, which contribute to deficits in locomotion, are some direct, immediate consequences of PAE on skeletal muscle morphology and function. Long-term health consequences of PAE-related skeletal abnormalities include impaired glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle, resulting in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In general, there is limited information on the morphological, biochemical, and functional features of skeletal abnormalities in PAE offspring. There is a need to understand how PAE affects muscle growth and function at the cellular level during early development to improve the immediate and long-term health of offspring suffering from PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semone B. Myrie
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark A. Pinder
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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19
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Davegårdh C, García-Calzón S, Bacos K, Ling C. DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans. Mol Metab 2018; 14:12-25. [PMID: 29496428 PMCID: PMC6034041 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial, polygenic disease caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were expected to resolve a large part of the genetic component of diabetes; yet, the single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by GWAS explain less than 20% of the estimated heritability for T2D. There was subsequently a need to look elsewhere to find disease-causing factors. Mechanisms mediating the interaction between environmental factors and the genome, such as epigenetics, may be of particular importance in the pathogenesis of T2D. Scope of Review This review summarizes knowledge of the impact of epigenetics on the pathogenesis of T2D in humans. In particular, the review will focus on alterations in DNA methylation in four human tissues of importance for the disease; pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Case–control studies and studies examining the impact of non-genetic and genetic risk factors on DNA methylation in humans will be considered. These studies identified epigenetic changes in tissues from subjects with T2D versus non-diabetic controls. They also demonstrate that non-genetic factors associated with T2D such as age, obesity, energy rich diets, physical activity and the intrauterine environment impact the epigenome in humans. Additionally, interactions between genetics and epigenetics seem to influence the pathogenesis of T2D. Conclusions Overall, previous studies by our group and others support a key role for epigenetics in the growing incidence of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Davegårdh
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Sonia García-Calzón
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
The novel genome-wide assays of epigenetic marks have resulted in a greater understanding of how genetics and the environment interact in the development and inheritance of diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia induces epigenetic changes in multiple organs, contributing to diabetic complications. Specific epigenetic-modifying compounds have been developed to erase these modifications, possibly slowing down the onset of diabetes-related complications. The current review is an update of the previously published paper, describing the most recent advances in the epigenetics of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fodor
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Cozma
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital CF, Department of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eddy Karnieli
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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21
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Quinn L, Gray SG, Meaney S, Finn S, McLoughlin P, Hayes M. Extraction and Quantification of Sinapinic Acid from Irish Rapeseed Meal and Assessment of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6886-6892. [PMID: 28748695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, are known to play a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this work was to generate a phenolic acid extract from Irish rapeseed meal, to determine the quantity of sinapinic acid (SA) in this fraction and to assess the ability of this fraction to inhibit the enzyme angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1). A crude phenolic extract (fraction 1), free phenolic acid containing extract (fraction 2), and an extract containing phenolic acids liberated from esters (fraction 3) were generated from Irish rapeseed meal using a methanol:acetone:water solvent mixture (7:7:6). The total phenolic content (TPC) of each extract was determined and proximate analysis performed to determine the fat, moisture, and protein content of these extracts. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to quantify the level of SA in extract 3, which inhibited ACE-I by 91% ± 0.08 when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, compared to the control, captopril, which inhibited ACE by 97% ± 0.01 when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Quinn
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health and Environment, Sustainability and Health Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, Central Pathology Department, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Padraig McLoughlin
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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22
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Niu Y, Wang T, Liu S, Yuan H, Li H, Fu L. Exercise-induced GLUT4 transcription via inactivation of HDAC4/5 in mouse skeletal muscle in an AMPKα2-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2372-2381. [PMID: 28688716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism induces various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise improved glucose uptake and enhanced glucose oxidation by increasing GLUT4 transcription in skeletal muscle. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GLUT4 transcription in response to exercise are poorly understood. AMPK is a sensor of exercise and upstream kinase of class II HDACs that act as transcriptional repressors. We used 6-week treadmill exercise or one single-bout exercise wild type or AMPKα2-/- C57BL/6J mice to explore how HDACs regulate GLUT4 transcription and the underlying molecular mechanisms mediated by AMPK in the physiologic process of exercise. We demonstrate that regular physical exercise significantly enhanced GLUT4 transcription by inactivating HDAC4/5 in skeletal muscle by ChIP experiment. HDAC4 coordinately regulated with HDAC5 represses transcriptional activity of GLUT4 promoter in C2C12 myotubes by Luciferase assay. If either HDAC4 or HDAC5 is silenced via RNAi technology, the functional compensation by the other will occur. In addition, a single-bout of exercise decreased HDAC4/5 activity in skeletal muscle of wild type but not in AMPKα2-/- mice, suggesting an AMPKα2-dependent manner. Those findings provide new insight into the mechanisms responsible for AMPKα2-dependent regulation of GLUT4 transcription after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hairui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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23
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Epigenetic regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1051-63. [PMID: 27215678 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Normal skeletal muscle metabolism is essential for whole body metabolic homoeostasis and disruptions in muscle metabolism are associated with a number of chronic diseases. Transcriptional control of metabolic enzyme expression is a major regulatory mechanism for muscle metabolic processes. Substantial evidence is emerging that highlights the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in this process. This review will examine the importance of epigenetics in the regulation of muscle metabolism, with a particular emphasis on DNA methylation and histone acetylation as epigenetic control points. The emerging cross-talk between metabolism and epigenetics in the context of health and disease will also be examined. The concept of inheritance of skeletal muscle metabolic phenotypes will be discussed, in addition to emerging epigenetic therapies that could be used to alter muscle metabolism in chronic disease states.
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24
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Metabolism and chromatin dynamics in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 54:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle atrophy during aging, a process known as sarcopenia, is associated with muscle weakness, frailty, and the loss of independence in older adults. The mechanisms contributing to sarcopenia are not totally understood, but muscle fiber loss due to apoptosis, reduced stimulation of anabolic pathways, activation of catabolic pathways, denervation, and altered metabolism have been observed in muscle from old rodents and humans. OBJECTIVE: Recently, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in muscle atrophy and dysfunction due to denervation, muscular dystrophy, and disuse, and HDACs play key roles in regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. In this review, we will discuss the role of HDACs in muscle atrophy and the potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: Several HDAC isoforms are potential targets for intervention in sarcopenia. Inhibition of HDAC1 prevents muscle atrophy due to nutrient deprivation. HDAC3 regulates metabolism in skeletal muscle and may inhibit oxidative metabolism during aging. HDAC4 and HDAC5 have been implicated in muscle atrophy due to denervation, a process implicated in sarcopenia. HDAC inhibitors are already in use in the clinic, and there is promise in targeting HDACs for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Walsh
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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Khan S, Jena G. Sodium butyrate reduces insulin-resistance, fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetic rat: A comparative study with metformin. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:124-34. [PMID: 27270450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences highlighted that histone deacetylases (HDACs) can deacetylate the histone, various transcription factors and regulatory proteins, which directly or indirectly affect glucose metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and metformin on the glucose homeostasis, insulin-resistance, fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetic rat. Diabetes was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats by the combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). NaB at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg twice daily as well as metformin (as a positive control) 150 mg/kg twice daily for 10 consecutive weeks were administered by i.p. and oral route, respectively. NaB treatment significantly reduced the plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin-resistance, dyslipidemia and gluconeogenesis, which are comparable to metformin treatment. Further, NaB treatment ameliorated the micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis in liver and fat deposition in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue (adipocytes hypertrophy) as well as pancreatic beta-cell damage. In the present study, both NaB and metformin inhibited the diabetes-associated increased HDACs activity, thereby increased the acetylation of histone H3 in liver. The present findings demonstrated that NaB and metformin reduced insulin-resistance, dyslipidemia, fat accumulation and gluconeogenesis thereby improved the glucose homeostasis in rat. Thus, NaB might be a promising molecule for the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Khan S, Kumar S, Jena G. Valproic acid reduces insulin-resistance, fat deposition and FOXO1-mediated gluconeogenesis in type-2 diabetic rat. Biochimie 2016; 125:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tan HWS, Sim AYL, Huang SL, Leng Y, Long YC. HC toxin (a HDAC inhibitor) enhances IRS1-Akt signalling and metabolism in mouse myotubes. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:197-207. [PMID: 26373795 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances numerous signalling pathways and activates substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Small molecule compounds that activate these cellular responses have been shown to recapitulate the metabolic benefits of exercise. In this study, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, HC toxin, was investigated as a small molecule compound that activates exercise-induced adaptations. In C2C12 myotubes, HC toxin treatment activated two exercise-stimulated pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt pathways. HC toxin increased the protein content and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 as well as the activation of downstream Akt signalling. The effects of HC toxin on IRS1-Akt signalling were PI3K-dependent as wortmannin abolishes its effects on IRS1 protein accumulation and Akt phosphorylation. HC toxin-induced Akt activation was sufficient to enhance downstream mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling including p70S6K and S6, which were consistently abolished by PI3K inhibition. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation were also enhanced in HC toxin-treated myotubes. When myotubes were challenged with serum starvation for the induction of atrophy, HC toxin treatment prevented the induction of genes that are involved in autophagy and proteasomal proteolysis. Conversely, IRS1-Akt signalling was not induced by HC toxin in several hepatoma cell lines, providing evidence for a favourable safety profile of this small molecule. These data highlight the potential of HDAC inhibitors as a novel class of small molecules for the induction of exercise-like signalling pathways and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Weng Siong Tan
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arthur Yi Loong Sim
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Su Ling Huang
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Leng
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Chau Long
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Dos Santos JM, Moreli ML, Tewari S, Benite-Ribeiro SA. The effect of exercise on skeletal muscle glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: An epigenetic perspective. Metabolism 2015; 64:1619-28. [PMID: 26481513 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in eating habits and sedentary lifestyle are main contributors to type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, and studies suggest that epigenetic modifications are involved with the growing incidence of this disease. Regular exercise modulates many intracellular pathways improving insulin resistance and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, both early abnormalities of T2D. Mitochondria dysfunction and decreased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT4) were identified as main factors of insulin resistance. Moreover, it has been suggested that skeletal muscle of T2D subjects have a different pattern of epigenetic marks on the promoter of GLUT4 and PGC1, main regulator of mitochondrial function, compared with nondiabetic individuals. Recent studies have proposed that regular exercise could improve glucose uptake by the attenuation of such epigenetic modification induced at GLUT4, PGC1 and its downstream regulators; however, the exact mechanism is still to be understood. Herein we review the known epigenetic modifications on GLUT4 and mitochondrial proteins that lead to impairment of skeletal muscle glucose uptake and T2D development, and the effect of physical exercise at these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shikha Tewari
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
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Ma L, Tang H, Yin Y, Yu R, Zhao J, Li Y, Mulholland MW, Zhang W. HDAC5-mTORC1 Interaction in Differential Regulation of Ghrelin and Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2)/Nesfatin-1. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1571-80. [PMID: 26357899 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium valporate (VPA), a broad-spectrum inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), increased ghrelin whereas decreased nesfatin-1 in mice fed normal chow diet or high-fat diet. Alterations in ghrelin and nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1 were mediated by HDAC5 but not HDAC4. Activation of mTORC1 significantly attenuated the effect of VPA on ghrelin and nesfatin-1 levels. HDAC5 coimmunoprecipitated with raptor. Inhibition of HDAC5 by VPA, trichostatin A, or siHDAC5 markedly increased acetylation of raptor Lys840 and subsequent phosphorylation of raptor Ser792, resulting in suppression of mTORC1 signaling. A raptor mutant lacking the Lys840 acetylation site showed a decrement in phosphorylation of raptor Ser792 and subsequent increase in mTORC1 signaling. These alterations were associated with reciprocal changes in ghrelin and nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1 expression. These findings reveal HDAC5-mTORC1 signaling as a novel mechanism in the differential regulation of gastric ghrelin and nesfatin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiao Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Ruili Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Michael W Mulholland
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (L.M., H.T., Y.Y., R.Y., J.Z., Y.L., W.Z.), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; and Department of Surgery (M.M., W.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0346
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Khan S, Jena G. The role of butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor in diabetes mellitus: experimental evidence for therapeutic intervention. Epigenomics 2015; 7:669-80. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM), β-cell reprogramming and its complications is an emerging concept. Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between DM and histone deacetylases (HDACs), because HDAC inhibitors promote β-cell differentiation, proliferation, function and improve insulin resistance. Moreover, gut microbes and diet-derived products can alter the host epigenome. Furthermore, butyrate and butyrate-producing microbes are decreased in DM. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers by microbiota and has been proven as an HDAC inhibitor. The present review provides a pragmatic interpretation of chromatin-dependent and independent complex signaling/mechanisms of butyrate for the treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 DM, with an emphasis on the promising strategies for its drugability and therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India
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Di Giorgio E, Gagliostro E, Brancolini C. Selective class IIa HDAC inhibitors: myth or reality. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:73-86. [PMID: 25189628 PMCID: PMC11113455 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prospect of intervening, through the use of a specific molecule, with a cellular alteration responsible for a disease, is a fundamental ambition of biomedical science. Epigenetic-based therapies appear as a remarkable opportunity to impact on several disorders, including cancer. Many efforts have been made to develop small molecules acting as inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs). These enzymes are key targets to reset altered genetic programs and thus to restore normal cellular activities, including drug responsiveness. Several classes of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been generated, characterized and, in certain cases, approved for the use in clinic. A new frontier is the generation of subtype-specific inhibitors, to increase selectivity and to manage general toxicity. Here we will discuss about a set of molecules, which can interfere with the activity of a specific subclass of HDACs: the class IIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Gagliostro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Zheng XX, Zhou T, Wang XA, Tong XH, Ding JW. Histone deacetylases and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 240:355-66. [PMID: 25875381 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological process that leads to cardiovascular diseases, a disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that is characterized by a formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of necrotic cores, calcified regions, accumulated modified lipids, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, leukocytes, and foam cells. Recently, the question about how to suppress the occurrence of atherosclerosis and alleviate the progress of cardiovascular disease becomes the hot topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that histone deacetylases(HDACs) play crucial roles in arteriosclerosis. This review summarizes the effect of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors(HDACi) on the progress of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-xia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-hong Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-wang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
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Yao XH, Nguyen KH, Nyomba BLG. Reversal of glucose intolerance in rat offspring exposed to ethanol before birth through reduction of nuclear skeletal muscle HDAC expression by the bile acid TUDCA. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/12/e12195. [PMID: 25538147 PMCID: PMC4332199 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure causes cellular stress, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in adult offspring, with increased gluconeogenesis and reduced muscle glucose transporter‐4 (glut4) expression. Impaired insulin activation of Akt and nuclear translocation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the liver partly explain increased gluconeogenesis. The mechanism for the reduced glut4 is unknown. Pregnant rats were gavaged with ethanol over the last week of gestation and adult female offspring were studied. Some ethanol exposed offspring was treated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) for 3 weeks. All these rats underwent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests. The expression of glut4, HDACs, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (XBP1, CHOP, ATF6) was examined in the gastrocnemius muscle fractions, and in C2C12 muscle cells cultured with ethanol, TUDCA, and HDAC inhibitors. Non‐TUDCA‐treated rats exposed to prenatal ethanol were insulin resistant and glucose intolerant with reduced muscle glut4 expression, increased ER marker expression, and increased nuclear HDACs, whereas TUDCA‐treated rats had normal insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance with normal glut4 expression, ER marker expression, and HDAC levels. In C2C12 cells, ethanol reduced glut4 expression, but increased ER makers. While TUDCA restored glut4 and ER markers to control levels and HDAC inhibition rescued glut4 expression, HDAC inhibition had no effect on ER markers. The increase in nuclear HDAC levels consequent to prenatal ethanol exposure reduces glut4 expression in adult rat offspring, and this HDAC effect is independent of ER unfolded protein response. HDAC inhibition by TUDCA restores glut4 expression, with improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases nuclear expression of histone deacetylases and endoplasmic response in skeletal muscle, which reduce glucose transporter 4 and in part alter glucose tolerance in offspring. These anomalies are reversed by treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hai Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Khanh H Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B L Grégoire Nyomba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Santos JM, Tewari S, Benite-Ribeiro SA. The effect of exercise on epigenetic modifications of PGC1: The impact on type 2 diabetes. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:748-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bürli RW, Luckhurst CA, Aziz O, Matthews KL, Yates D, Lyons KA, Beconi M, McAllister G, Breccia P, Stott AJ, Penrose SD, Wall M, Lamers M, Leonard P, Müller I, Richardson CM, Jarvis R, Stones L, Hughes S, Wishart G, Haughan AF, O'Connell C, Mead T, McNeil H, Vann J, Mangette J, Maillard M, Beaumont V, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent and selective class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a potential therapy for Huntington's disease. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9934-54. [PMID: 24261862 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for a number of diseases, including Huntington's disease. Catalytic-site small molecule inhibitors of the class IIa HDAC4, -5, -7, and -9 were developed. These trisubstituted diarylcyclopropanehydroxamic acids were designed to exploit a lower pocket that is characteristic for the class IIa HDACs, not present in other HDAC classes. Selected inhibitors were cocrystallized with the catalytic domain of human HDAC4. We describe the first HDAC4 catalytic domain crystal structure in a "closed-loop" form, which in our view represents the biologically relevant conformation. We have demonstrated that these molecules can differentiate class IIa HDACs from class I and class IIb subtypes. They exhibited pharmacokinetic properties that should enable the assessment of their therapeutic benefit in both peripheral and CNS disorders. These selective inhibitors provide a means for evaluating potential efficacy in preclinical models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Bürli
- BioFocus , Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
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Zerzaihi O, Chriett S, Vidal H, Pirola L. Insulin-dependent transcriptional control in L6 rat myotubes is associated with modulation of histone acetylation and accumulation of the histone variant H2A.Z in the proximity of the transcriptional start site. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 92:61-7. [PMID: 24471919 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its direct metabolic effects, insulin induces transcriptional alterations in its target tissues. However, whether such changes are accompanied by epigenetic changes on the chromatin template encompassing insulin responsive genes is unclear. Here, mRNA levels of insulin-responsive genes hexokinase 2 (Hk2), insulin receptor substrate (Irs2), and the PI3K subunit p85β (Pik3r2) were compared in control versus insulin-stimulated L6 myotubes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed with antibodies directed to histone H2A, histone variant H2A.Z, acetylated histone H3 on lysines 9/14, and acetylated H2A.Z. Insulin induced a more than 2-fold Hk2 mRNA increase, while Irs2 and Pik3r2 were downregulated. ChIP to H2A and H2A.Z showed higher H2A.Z accumulation around the transcriptional start site (TSS) of these insulin-modulated genes, while H2A.Z accumulation was lower distally to the TSS in the Hk2 promoter. H2A.Z levels and H3K9/14 acetylation correlated on several loci along the Hk2 gene, and H3K9/14 as well as H2A.Z acetylation was enhanced by insulin treatment. On the contrary, reduced H3K9/14 acetylation was observed in insulin-repressed Irs2 and Pik3r2, and recovery of acetylation by treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A reverted insulin-induced Irs2 downregulation. The chromatin regions encompassing selected insulin-responsive genes are thus featured by accumulation of H2A.Z around the TSS. H2A.Z accumulation facilitates insulin-dependent modulation of pharmacologically treatable H3K9/14 and H2A.Z acetylations. Indeed, inhibition of histone deacetylases by TSA treatment reverted insulin induced Irs2 gene downregulation. Dysregulated histone acetylation may thus be potentially targeted with histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Zerzaihi
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 165 Ch. du Grand Revoyet - BP12, 69921 Oullins, France
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