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Chen S, Wang C, Meng Y, Li P, Pan Y, He M, Ni X. Nanofabrications of Erythrocyte Membrane-Coated Telmisartan Delivery System Effective for Radiosensitivity of Tumor Cells in Mice Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1487-1508. [PMID: 38380147 PMCID: PMC10878400 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s441418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation stimulates the secretion of tumor stroma and induces resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of stromal-vascular tumors during radiotherapy. The proliferation and activation of tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) are important reasons for the production of tumor stroma. Telmisartan (Tel) can inhibit the proliferation and activation of TAFs (resting TAFs), which may promote radiosensitization. However, Tel has a poor water solubility. Methods In this study, self-assembled telmisartan nanoparticles (Tel NPs) were prepared by aqueous solvent diffusion method to solve the insoluble problem of Tel and achieve high drug loading of Tel. Then, erythrocyte membrane (ECM) obtained by hypotonic lysis was coated on the surface of Tel NPs (ECM/Tel) for the achievement of in vivo long circulation and tumor targeting. Immunofluorescence staining, western blot and other biological techniques were used to investigate the effect of ECM/Tel on TAFs activation inhibition (resting effect) and mechanisms involved. The multicellular spheroids (MCSs) model and mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) were constructed to investigate the effect of ECM/Tel on reducing stroma secretion, alleviating hypoxia, and the corresponding promoting radiosensitization effect in vitro. A mouse orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model was constructed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of ECM/Tel on inhibiting breast cancer growth and lung metastasis of breast cancer. Results ECM/Tel showed good physiological stability and tumor-targeting ability. ECM/Tel could rest TAFs and reduce stroma secretion, alleviate hypoxia, and enhance penetration in tumor microenvironment. In addition, ECM/Tel arrested the cell cycle of 4T1 cells to the radiosensitive G2/M phase. In mouse orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model, ECM/Tel played a superior role in radiosensitization and significantly inhibited lung metastasis of breast cancer. Conclusion ECM/Tel showed synergistical radiosensitization effect on both the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells, which is a promising radiosensitizer in the radiotherapy of stroma-vascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mu He
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinye Ni
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, People’s Republic of China
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Colin M, Delaitre C, Foulquier S, Dupuis F. The AT 1/AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System. Molecules 2023; 28:5481. [PMID: 37513355 PMCID: PMC10383525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT1 receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT2 receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT1 receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT1/AT2 receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as S-nitrosation of the AT1 receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT1 receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT1/AT2 equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT1 and AT2 receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Colin
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Suster MS. Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:393-404. [PMID: 38408805 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is responsible for production of adrenal steroid hormones and is anatomically divided into three distinct zones: zona glomerulosa secreting mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone), zona fasciculata secreting glucocorticoids (cortisol), and zona reticularis producing androgens. Importantly, due to their high lipophilicity, no adrenal steroid hormone (including aldosterone) is stored in vesicles but rather gets synthesized and secreted instantly upon cell stimulation with specific stimuli. Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid hormone produced from the adrenal cortex in response to either angiotensin II (AngII) or elevated K+ levels in the blood (hyperkalemia). AngII, being a peptide, cannot cross cell membranes and thus, uses two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AT2R to exert its effects inside cells. In zona glomerulosa cells, AT1R activation by AngII results in aldosterone synthesis and secretion via two main pathways: (a) Gq/11 proteins that activate phospholipase C ultimately raising intracellular free calcium concentration; and (b) βarrestin1 and -2 (also known as Arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) that elicit sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Both pathways induce upregulation and acute activation of StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in aldosterone biosynthesis. This chapter describes these two salient pathways underlying AT1R-induced aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells. We also highlight some pharmacologically important notions pertaining to the efficacy of the currently available AT1R antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or sartans at suppressing both pathways, i.e., their inverse agonism efficacy at G proteins and βarrestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Malka S Suster
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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4
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Zaidi SA, Xu L, Zhan Y, Chen A, Guo J, Huang X, Roth BL, Katritch V, Cherezov V, Zhang H. Structural insights into angiotensin receptor signaling modulation by balanced and biased agonists. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112940. [PMID: 37038975 PMCID: PMC10233375 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone angiotensin II regulates blood pressure mainly through the type 1 angiotensin II receptor AT1 R and its downstream signaling proteins Gq and β-arrestin. AT1 R blockers, clinically used as antihypertensive drugs, inhibit both signaling pathways, whereas AT1 R β-arrestin-biased agonists have shown great potential for the treatment of acute heart failure. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human AT1 R in complex with a balanced agonist, Sar1 -AngII, and Gq protein at 2.9 Å resolution. This structure, together with extensive functional assays and computational modeling, reveals the molecular mechanisms for AT1 R signaling modulation and suggests that a major hydrogen bond network (MHN) inside the receptor serves as a key regulator of AT1 R signal transduction from the ligand-binding pocket to both Gq and β-arrestin pathways. Specifically, we found that the MHN mutations N1113.35 A and N2947.45 A induce biased signaling to Gq and β-arrestin, respectively. These insights should facilitate AT1 R structure-based drug discovery for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP)University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational BiologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lingyi Xu
- Department of BiophysicsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Anqi Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of BiophysicsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xi‐Ping Huang
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP)University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP)University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational BiologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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5
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Noto NM, Restrepo YM, Pang HW, Stoyell-Conti F, West CA, Speth RC. Comparative evaluation of biased agonists Sarcosine 1 , d-Alanine 8 -Angiotensin (Ang) II (SD Ang II) and Sarcosine 1 , Isoleucine 8 -Ang II (SI Ang II) and their radioiodinated congeners binding to rat liver membrane AT 1 receptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01053. [PMID: 36639940 PMCID: PMC9840060 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II analogue and β-arrestin biased agonist TRV027 (Sarcosine1 , d-Alanine8 -Angiotensin (Ang) II; SD Ang II), developed by Trevena, Inc. in the early 2010s, brought hopes of a novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases, due to its ability to simultaneously cause signaling through the β-arrestin signaling pathway, while antagonizing the pathophysiological effects of Ang II mediated by the AT1 receptor G protein signaling cascades. However, a phase II clinical trial of this agent revealed no significant benefit compared to placebo treatment. Using 125 I-Sarcosine1 , Isoleucine8 -Ang II (125 I-SI Ang II) radioligand receptor competition binding assays, we assessed the relative affinity of TRV027 compared to SI Ang II for liver AT1 receptors. We also compared radioiodinated TRV027 (125 I-SD Ang II) binding affinity for liver AT1 receptors with 125 I-SI Ang II. We found that despite its anticipated gain in metabolic stability, TRV027 and 125 I-SD Ang II had reduced affinity for the AT1 receptor compared with SI Ang II and 125 I-SI Ang II. Additionally, male-female comparisons showed that females have a higher AT1 receptor density, potentially attributed to tissue-dependent estrogen and progesterone effects. Peptide drugs have become more popular over the years due to their increased bioavailability, fast onset of action, high specificity, and low toxicity. Even though Trevena®'s biased agonist peptide TRV027 offered greater stability and potency compared to earlier AT1 R biased agonists, it failed its phase II clinical trial in 2016. Further refinements to AT1 R biased agonist peptides to improve affinity, as seen with SI Ang II, with better stability and bioavailability, has the potential to achieve the anticipated biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Noto
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Yazmin M Restrepo
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Hong W Pang
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Filipe Stoyell-Conti
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Crystal A West
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Speth
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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6
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Liu S, Kormos BL, Knafels JD, Sahasrabudhe PV, Rosado A, Sommese RF, Reyes AR, Ward J, Roth Flach RJ, Wang X, Buzon LM, Reese MR, Bhattacharya SK, Omoto K, Filipski KJ. Structural studies identify angiotensin II receptor blocker-like compounds as branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102959. [PMID: 36717078 PMCID: PMC9976451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex is a multienzyme complex involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. BCKD is regulated by the BCKD kinase, or BCKDK, which binds to the E2 subunit of BCKD, phosphorylates its E1 subunit, and inhibits enzymatic activity. Inhibition of the BCKD complex results in increased levels of branched-chain amino acids and branched-chain ketoacids, and this buildup has been associated with heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. To find BCKDK inhibitors for potential treatment of these diseases, we performed both NMR and virtual fragment screening and identified tetrazole-bearing fragments that bind BCKDK at multiple sites. Through structure-based virtual screening expanding from these fragments, the angiotensin receptor blocker class antihypertension drugs and angiotensin receptor blocker-like compounds were discovered to be potent BCKDK inhibitors, suggesting potential new avenues for heart failure treatment combining BCKDK inhibition and antihypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenping Liu
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Amy Rosado
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Allan R Reyes
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Ward
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xiaochun Wang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kiyoyuki Omoto
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Wu J, Wang F, Dong J, Zhang S, Li N, Zhao H, Liu X, Gao Z, Zhang B, Tian G. Therapeutic Response of Multifunctional Lipid and Micelle Formulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45110-45123. [PMID: 36167351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as an important part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), could be activated by tumor cells as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), thereby promoting the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and favoring the development of tumors. Therefore, blocking the "CAFs-ECM" axis is a promising pathway to improve antitumor efficacy. Based on this, we developed a multifunctional nanosized delivery system composed of hyaluronic acid-modified pH-sensitive liposomes (CTHLs) and glycyrrheic acid-modified nanomicelles (DGNs), which combines the advantages of targeted delivery, pH-sensitivity, and deep drug penetration. To mimic actual TME, a novel HSCs+BEL-7402 cocultured cell model and a m-HSCs+H22 coimplanted mice model were established. As expected, CTHLs and DGNs could target CAFs and tumor cells, respectively, and promote the drug penetration and retention in tumor regions. Notably, CTHLs+DGNs not only exhibited a superior antitumor effect in three-level tumor-bearing mice but also presented excellent antimetastasis efficiency in lung-metastatic mice. The antitumor mechanism revealed that the lipid&micelle mixed formulations effectively inhibited the activation of CAFs, reduced the deposition of ECM, and reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. In brief, the nanosized delivery system composed of CTHLs and DGNs could effectively improve the therapeutic effect of liver cancer by blocking the "CAFs-ECM" axis, which has a good clinical application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Wu
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
| | - Fangqing Wang
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Dong
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
| | - Suqiu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R. China
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8
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Borges JI, Ferraino KE, Cora N, Nagliya D, Suster MS, Carbone AM, Lymperopoulos A. Adrenal G Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Failing Heart: A Long-distance, Yet Intimate Affair. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:386-392. [PMID: 34983911 PMCID: PMC9294064 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Systolic heart failure (HF) is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by the reduction in cardiac function and still remains the disease with the highest mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatment, HF represents a severe clinical and social burden. Chronic human HF is characterized by several important neurohormonal perturbations, emanating from both the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal glands. Circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and aldosterone elevations are among the salient alterations that confer significant hormonal burden on the already compromised function of the failing heart. This is why sympatholytic treatments (such as β-blockers) and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which block the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone on the failing heart, are part of the mainstay HF pharmacotherapy presently. The adrenal gland plays an important role in the modulation of cardiac neurohormonal stress because it is the source of almost all aldosterone, of all epinephrine, and of a significant amount of norepinephrine reaching the failing myocardium from the blood circulation. Synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenals is tightly regulated by adrenal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors. In this review, we discuss important aspects of adrenal GPCR signaling and regulation, as they pertain to modulation of cardiac function in the context of chronic HF, by focusing on the 2 best studied adrenal GPCR types in that context, adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors (AT 1 Rs). Particular emphasis is given to findings from the past decade and a half that highlight the emerging roles of the GPCR-kinases and the β-arrestins in the adrenals, 2 protein families that regulate the signaling and functioning of GPCRs in all tissues, including the myocardium and the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I. Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Krysten E. Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Deepika Nagliya
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Malka S. Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Balakumar P, Handa S, Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Khan NA, LakshmiRaj RS, Thangathirupathi A, Sundram K, Shenoy V. Unraveling the Differentially Articulated Axes of the Century-Old Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Potential Therapeutic Implications. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:246-253. [PMID: 35143015 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Among numerous choices in cardiovascular therapies used for the management of hypertension and heart failure, drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) hold substantial therapeutic roles. Therapies aimed at modifying the RAAS and its overactivation are employed for the management of various insidious disorders. In the pharmacologic perspective, RAAS is one of the frequently manipulated systems for the management of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and renal disease. The RAAS pharmacologic interventions principally include the ACE inhibitors, the angiotensin II-AT1 receptor blockers, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and the direct renin inhibitors. In addition, therapeutic implication of ACE2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor activation using various ligands is being explored owing to their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, vasodilatory, and cardiovascular defensive roles. Moreover, being considered as the counter-regulatory arm of AT1 receptor, the potential role of AT2 receptor activation using selective AT2 receptor agonist is currently investigated for its efficacy in pulmonary complications. As an important regulator of fluid volume, blood pressure, and cardiovascular-renal function, the RAAS has been documented as a diversified intricate system with several therapeutic possibilities coupled with their fundamental structural and functional modulatory roles in cardiovascular, renal, and other systems. The RAAS possesses a number of regulatory, deregulatory, and counter-regulatory axes of physiopathologic importance in health and disease. The counter-regulatory arms of the RAAS might play an essential role in mitigating cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary pathologies. In light of this background, we sought to explore the classical and counter-regulatory axes/arms of the RAAS and their imperative roles in physiologic functions and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624005, India.
| | | | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, 62529, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, 62529, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, 62529, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sulochana LakshmiRaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624005, India
| | - A Thangathirupathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624005, India
| | - Karupiah Sundram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- College of Pharmacy, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, 93612, USA
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10
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Balakumar P, Jagadeesh G. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: A century-old diversified system with several therapeutic avenues. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105929. [PMID: 34740819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India.
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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11
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Carbone AM, Cora N, Sizova A. Cardiovascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor biased signaling: Focus on non-Gq-, non-βarrestin-dependent signaling. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105943. [PMID: 34662735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor ubiquitously expressed throughout the cardiovascular system, have been the focus of intense investigations for decades. The success of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are AT1R-selective antagonists/inverse agonists, in the treatment of heart disease is a testament to the importance of this receptor for cardiovascular homeostasis. Given the pleiotropic signaling of the cardiovascular AT1R and, in an effort to develop yet better drugs for heart disease, the concept of biased signaling has been exploited to design and develop biased AT1R ligands that selectively activate β-arrestin transduction pathways over Gq protein-dependent pathways. However, by focusing solely on Gq or β-arrestins, studies on AT1R "biased" signaling & agonism tend to largely ignore other non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling modalities the very versatile AT1R employs in cardiovascular tissues, including two very important types of signal transducers/regulators: other G protein types (e.g., Gi/o, G12/13) & the Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current state of cardiovascular AT1R biased signaling field with a special focus on the non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling avenues of this receptor in the cardiovascular system, which usually get left out of the conversation of "biased" AT1R signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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12
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Balakumar P, Alqahtani A, Khan NA, Alqahtani T, A T, Jagadeesh G. The physiologic and physiopathologic roles of perivascular adipose tissue and its interactions with blood vessels and the renin-angiotensin system. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105890. [PMID: 34536547 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to an ectopic local deposit of connective tissue that anatomically surrounds most of the blood vessels. While it was initially known only as a structural support for vasculature, the landmark findings of Soltis and Cassis (1991), first demonstrating that PVAT reduces the contractions of norepinephrine in the isolated rat aorta, brought the potential vascular role of PVAT into the limelight. This seminal work implied the potential ability of PVAT to influence vascular responsiveness. Several vasoactive/vasocrine substances influencing vascular homeostasis were successively shown to be released from PVAT that include both adipocyte-derived relaxing and contracting factors. The PVAT is currently recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ and is eventually considered as the 'protagonist' in vascular homeostasis. It plays prominent defending and opposing roles in vascular function, while the actual vascular influences of PVAT vary with an increase in adiposity. Recent studies have presented compelling evidence implicating the pivotal role of PVAT in the local activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which substantially impacts vascular physiology and physiopathology. Current findings have advanced our understanding of the role of PVAT in favorably or adversely modulating the vascular function through differential RAS activation. Given that adipocytes also produce major RAS components locally to influence vascular function, this review provides a scientific basis to distinctly understand the key role of PVAT in regulating the autocrine and paracrine functions of vascular RAS components and its potential as an emerging therapeutic target for mitigating cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India.
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thangathirupathi A
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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13
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Achour A. Identification of oligopeptides from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non structural protein 8 (NSP8) and their similarities with type 1 angiotensin II receptor key sites. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111722. [PMID: 34144455 PMCID: PMC8179057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with clinical symptoms including severe inflammatory syndrome and a higher expression of angiotensin II. As a pro-inflammatory mediator, the physiologic effects of angiotensin II are mediated by a G-protein coupled receptor, termed AT1R. Following binding, AT1R initiates the process of signal desensitization necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis. At the cellular level, this function occurs via the G protein-dependent signaling and the phosphorylation. We describe amino acids similarities between SARS COV-2 nonstructural protein (NSP8) which is associated with intracellular membranes and AT1R key sites. Since abnormal activation of AT1R receptor leads to a number of physiological disorders, we hypothesize that SARS COV-2 might further interfere with the angiotensin II receptor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Achour
- I VS 14 Bis Rue de Mayenne, 94000 Creteil, France.
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14
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Ferraino KE, Cora N, Pollard CM, Sizova A, Maning J, Lymperopoulos A. Adrenal angiotensin II type 1 receptor biased signaling: The case for "biased" inverse agonism for effective aldosterone suppression. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109967. [PMID: 33640432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) uses two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AT1R and AT2R, to exert a plethora of physiologic effects in the body and to significantly affect cardiovascular homeostasis. Although not much is known about the signaling of the AT2R, AT1R signaling is known to be quite pleiotropic, mobilizing a variety of signal transducers inside cells to produce a biological outcome. When the outcome in question is aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex, the main transducers activated specifically by the adrenocortical AT1R to signal toward that cellular effect are the Gq/11 protein alpha subunits and the β-arrestins (also known as Arrestin-2 and -3). The existence of various downstream pathways the AT1R signal can travel down on has led to the ever-expanding filed of GPCR pharmacology termed "biased" signaling, which refers to a ligand preferentially activating one signaling pathway over others downstream of the same receptor in the same cell. However, "biased" signaling or "biased" agonism is therapeutically desirable only when the downstream pathways lead to different or opposite cellular outcomes, so the pathway promoting the beneficial effect can be selectively activated over the pathway that leads to detrimental consequences. In the case of the adrenal AT1R, both Gq/11 proteins and β-arrestins mediate signaling to the same end-result: aldosterone synthesis and secretion. Therefore, both pathways need to remain inactive in the adrenal cortex to fully suppress the production of aldosterone, which is one of the culprit hormones elevated in chronic heart failure, hypertension, and various other cardiovascular diseases. Variations in the effectiveness of the AT1R antagonists, which constitute the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) class of drugs (also known as sartans), at the relative blockade of these two pathways downstream of the adrenal AT1R opens the door to the flip term "biased" inverse agonism at the AT1R. ARBs that are unbiased and equipotent inverse agonists for both G proteins and β-arrestins at this receptor, like candesartan and valsartan, are the most preferred agents with the best efficacy at reducing circulating aldosterone, thereby ameliorating heart failure. In the present review, the biased signaling of the adrenal AT1R, particularly in relation to aldosterone production, is examined and the term "biased" inverse agonism at the AT1R is introduced and explained, as a means of pharmacological categorization of the various agents within the ARB drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysten E Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
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15
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Simões SC, Balico-Silva AL, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Bitencourt ALB, Bouvier M, Costa-Neto CM. Signal Transduction Profiling of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor With Mutations Associated to Atrial Fibrillation in Humans. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:600132. [PMID: 33424609 PMCID: PMC7786401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The AT1 receptor (AT1R) has a major role in the Renin-Angiotensin System, being involved in several physiological events including blood pressure control and electrolyte balance. The AT1R is a member of the G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, classically known to couple Gαq and engage β-arrestin recruitment. Both G protein and arrestin signaling pathways are involved in modulation of different downstream kinases. A previous study reported that mutations in the AT1R (A244S and I103T-A244S) were positively correlated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation in men. Based on that report, we aimed to investigate if these mutations, including I103T only, could affect AT1R signal transduction profile, and consequently, implicate in atrial fibrillation outcome. To address that, we engineered an AT1R carrying the above-mentioned mutations, and functionally evaluated different signaling pathways. Phosphokinase profiler array to assess the mutations downstream effects on kinases and kinase substrates phosphorylation levels was used. Our results show that the I103T-A244S mutant receptor presents decreased β-arrestin 2 recruitment, which could lead to a harmful condition of sustained Gαq signaling. Moreover, the phosphokinase profiler array revealed that the same mutation led to downstream modulation of kinase pathways that are linked to physiological responses such as fibrous tissue formation, apoptosis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Simões
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - André L Balico-Silva
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas T Parreiras-E-Silva
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - André L B Bitencourt
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudio M Costa-Neto
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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16
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Esmaile SC, Bezerra KS, de Oliveira Campos DM, da Silva MK, Neto JXL, Manzoni V, Fulco UL, Oliveira JIN. Quantum binding energy features of the drug olmesartan bound to angiotensin type-1 receptors in the therapeutics of stroke. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the binding energies of 105 residues within a 10 Å pocket radius, predicted the energetic relevance of olmesartan regions, and the influence of individual protein segments on OLM -AT1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Campanelli Esmaile
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Katyanna Sales Bezerra
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Karolaynne da Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - José Xavier Lima Neto
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Manzoni
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceio, AL, Brazil
| | - Umberto Laino Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
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17
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Bian J, Lei J, Yin X, Wang P, Wu Y, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu H, Fu MLX. Limited AT1 Receptor Internalization Is a Novel Mechanism Underlying Sustained Vasoconstriction Induced by AT1 Receptor Autoantibody From Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011179. [PMID: 30845870 PMCID: PMC6475063 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) autoantibody (AT1‐AA) was first identified as a causative factor in preeclampsia. Unlike physiological ligand angiotensin II (Ang II), AT1‐AA can induce vasoconstriction in a sustained manner, causing a series of adverse effects, such as vascular injury and poor placental perfusion. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, from the perspective of AT1R internalization, the present study investigated the molecular mechanism of sustained vasoconstriction induced by AT1R autoantibody. Methods and Results In the current study, we used the vascular‐ring technique to determine that AT1‐AA‐positive IgG, which was obtained from the sera of preeclamptic patients, induced long‐term vasoconstriction in endothelium‐intact or endothelium‐denuded rat thoracic arteries. The effect was caused by prolonged activation of AT1R downstream signals in vascular smooth muscle cells, including Ca2+, protein kinase C, and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2. Then, using subcellular protein fractionation, cell surface protein biotinylation, and total internal reflection fluorescence, we found that AT1‐AA‐positive IgG resulted in significantly less AT1R internalization than in the Ang II treatment group. Moreover, through use of fluorescent tracing and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, we found that AT1‐AA‐positive IgG cannot induce the recruitment of β‐arrestin1/2, which mediated receptor internalization. Then, the effect of sustained AT1R activation induced by AT1‐AA‐positive IgG was rescued by overexpression of β‐arrestin2. Conclusions These data suggested that limited AT1R internalization resulting from the inhibition of β‐arrestin1/2 recruitment played an important role in sustained vasoconstriction induced by AT1‐AA‐positive IgG, which may set the stage for avoiding AT1R overactivation in the management of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Bian
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jinghui Lei
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaochen Yin
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Pengli Wang
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ye Wu
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- 4 Department of Reproductive Center Taiyuan Central Hospital Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Li Wang
- 5 Department of Pathology Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Suli Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Metabolic Dysfunction Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Huirong Liu
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Metabolic Dysfunction Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Michael L X Fu
- 6 Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital Göteborg Sweden
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18
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Evaluating the benefits of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors as cancer treatments. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107527. [PMID: 32173557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse group of cellular membrane receptors identified and characterized. It is estimated that 30 to 50% of marketed drugs target these receptors. The angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) is a GPCR which signals in response to systemic alterations of the peptide hormone angiotensin II (AngII) in circulation. The enzyme responsible for converting AngI to AngII is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Specific inhibitors for the AT1R (more commonly known as AT1R blockers or antagonists) and ACE are well characterized for their effects on the cardiovascular system. Combined with the extensive clinical data available on patient tolerance of AT1R blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), as well as their non-classical roles in cancer, the notion of repurposing this class of medications as cancer treatment(s) is explored in the current review. Given that AngII-dependent AT1R activity directly regulates angiogenesis, remodeling of vasculature, pro-inflammatory responses, stem cell programming and hematopoiesis, and electrolyte balance; the modulation of these processes with pharmacologically well characterized medications could present a valuable complementary treatment option for cancer patients.
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19
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Guo J, Zeng H, Chen Y. Emerging Nano Drug Delivery Systems Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts for Improved Antitumor Effect and Tumor Drug Penetration. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1028-1048. [PMID: 32150417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Huating Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
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20
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Asada H, Inoue A, Ngako Kadji FM, Hirata K, Shiimura Y, Im D, Shimamura T, Nomura N, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T, Kusano-Arai O, Hisano H, Uemura T, Suno C, Aoki J, Iwata S. The Crystal Structure of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor with Endogenous Peptide Hormone. Structure 2019; 28:418-425.e4. [PMID: 31899086 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a peptide hormone that plays a key role in regulating blood pressure, and its interactions with the G protein-coupled receptors, AngII type-1 receptor (AT1R) and AngII type-2 receptor (AT2R), are central to its mechanism of action. We solved the crystal structure of human AT2R bound to AngII and its specific antibody at 3.2-Å resolution. AngII (full agonist) and [Sar1, Ile8]-AngII (partial agonist) interact with AT2R in a similar fashion, except at the bottom of the AT2R ligand-binding pocket. In particular, the residues including Met1283.36, which constitute the deep end of the cavity, play important roles in angiotensin receptor (ATR) activation upon AngII binding. These differences that occur upon endogenous ligand binding may contribute to a structural change in AT2R, leading to normalization of the non-canonical coordination of helix 8. Our results will inform the design of more effective ligands for ATRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Asada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (PRIME), Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (LEAP), Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Kunio Hirata
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiimura
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Dohyun Im
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Shimamura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nomura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hisano
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uemura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chiyo Suno
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (LEAP), Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan.
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21
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Reichhart N, Figura A, Skosyrski S, Strauß O. Control of the retinal local RAS by the RPE: An interface to systemic RAS activity. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107838. [PMID: 31622617 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As many other organs, the retina has a local renin-angiotensin-system (RAS). All main elements of the RAS are active in the retina: renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzymes. The functional role of the intraretinal RAS is not fully understood. So far, histological and functional analysis point to a regulation of ganglion cell activity and maybe also of bipolar cell activity, but it is not clear how RAS contributes to retinal signal processing. In contrast to local RAS in other organs, the retinal RAS is clearly separated from the systemic RAS. The angiotensin-2 (AngII)/AngI ratio in the retina is different to that in the plasma. However, it appears that the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), that forms the outer blood/retina barrier, is a major regulator of the retinal RAS by producing renin. Interestingly, comparable to the kidney, the renin production in the RPE is under control of the angiotensin-2 receptor type-1 (AT1). AT1 localizes to the basolateral membrane of the RPE and faces the blood side of the blood/retina barrier. Increases in systemic AngII reduce renin production in the RPE and therefore decrease the intraretinal RAS activity. The relevance of the local RAS for retinal function remains unclear. Nevertheless, it is of fundamental significance to understand the pathology of systemically induced retinal diseases such as hypertension or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Reichhart
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, A Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-University, The Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Figura
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, A Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-University, The Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Skosyrski
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, A Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-University, The Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauß
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, A Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-University, The Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Erol I, Cosut B, Durdagi S. Toward Understanding the Impact of Dimerization Interfaces in Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4314-4327. [PMID: 31429557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is a prototypical class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has an important role in cardiovascular pathologies and blood pressure regulation as well as in the central nervous system. GPCRs may exist and function as monomers; however, they can assemble to form higher order structures, and as a result of oligomerization, their function and signaling profiles can be altered. In the case of AT1R, the classical Gαq/11 pathway is initiated with endogenous agonist angiotensin II binding. A variety of cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, and hypertension are associated with this pathway. Recent findings reveal that AT1R can form homodimers and activate the noncanonical (β-arrestin-mediated) pathway. Nevertheless, the exact dimerization interface and atomic details of AT1R homodimerization have not been still elucidated. Here, six different symmetrical dimer interfaces of AT1R are considered, and homodimers were constructed using other published GPCR crystal dimer interfaces as template structures. These AT1R homodimers were then inserted into the model membrane bilayers and subjected to all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation results along with the principal component analysis and water pathway analysis suggest four different interfaces as the most plausible: symmetrical transmembrane (TM)1,2,8; TM5; TM4; and TM4,5 AT1R dimer interfaces that consist of one inactive and one active protomer. Moreover, we identified ILE2386.33 as a hub residue in the stabilization of the inactive state of AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Erol
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Bunyemin Cosut
- Department of Chemistry , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
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Markan U, Pasupuleti S, Pollard CM, Perez A, Aukszi B, Lymperopoulos A. The place of ARBs in heart failure therapy: is aldosterone suppression the key? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 13:1753944719868134. [PMID: 31401939 PMCID: PMC6691655 DOI: 10.1177/1753944719868134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the launch of the first orally available angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) losartan (Cozaar) in the late 1990s, the class of ARBs (or ‘sartans’, short for Angiotensin-RecepTor-ANtagonistS) quickly expanded to include candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, and olmesartan. All ARBs have high affinity for the AT1 receptor, expressed in various tissues, including smooth muscle cells, heart, kidney, and brain. Since activation of AT1R, the target of these drugs, leads, among other effects, to vascular smooth muscle cell growth, proliferation and contraction, activation of fibroblasts, cardiac hypertrophy, aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, thirst-fluid intake (hypervolemia), etc., the ARBs are nowadays one of the most useful cardiovascular drug classes used in clinical practice. However, significant differences in their pharmacological and clinical properties exist that may favor use of particular agents over others within the class, and, in fact, two of these drugs, candesartan and valsartan, continuously appear to distinguish themselves from the rest of the ‘pack’ in recent clinical trials. The reason(s) for the potential superiority of these two agents within the ARB class are currently unclear but under intense investigation. The present short review gives an overview of the clinical properties of the ARBs currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, with a particular focus on candesartan and valsartan and the areas where these two drugs seem to have a therapeutic edge. In the second part of our review, we outline recent data from our laboratory (mainly) on the molecular effects of the ARB drugs on aldosterone production and on circulating aldosterone levels, which may underlie (at least in part) the apparent clinical superiority of candesartan (and valsartan) over most other ARBs currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Markan
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Samhitha Pasupuleti
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Arianna Perez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Beatrix Aukszi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, 3200 S. University Dr., HPD (Terry) Bldg/Room 1338, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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24
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Modestia SM, Malta de Sá M, Auger E, Trossini GHG, Krieger JE, Rangel-Yagui CDO. Biased Agonist TRV027 Determinants in AT1R by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:797-808. [PMID: 30668103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional selectivity is a phenomenon observed in G protein-coupled receptors in which intermediate active-state conformations are stabilized by mutations or ligand binding, resulting in different sets of signaling pathways. Peptides capable of selectively activating β-arrestin, known as biased agonists, have already been characterized in vivo and could correspond to a new therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the potential of biased agonism, the mechanism involved in selective signaling remains unclear. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to compare the conformational profile of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) crystal bound to angiotensin II, bound to the biased ligand TRV027, and in the apo form. Our results show that both ligands induce changes near the NPxxY motif in transmembrane domain 7 that are related to receptor activation. However, the biased ligand does not cause the rotamer toggle alternative positioning and displays an exclusive hydrogen-bonding pattern. Our work sheds light on the biased agonism mechanism and will help in the future design of novel biased agonists for AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Massimo Modestia
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 , 05508-900 São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Matheus Malta de Sá
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute , University of São Paulo Medical School , Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 44 , 05403-900 São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Eric Auger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute , University of São Paulo Medical School , Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 44 , 05403-900 São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goulart Trossini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 , 05508-900 São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute , University of São Paulo Medical School , Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 44 , 05403-900 São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 , 05508-900 São Paulo - SP , Brazil
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25
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Wingler LM, McMahon C, Staus DP, Lefkowitz RJ, Kruse AC. Distinctive Activation Mechanism for Angiotensin Receptor Revealed by a Synthetic Nanobody. Cell 2019; 176:479-490.e12. [PMID: 30639100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is a critical regulator of cardiovascular and renal function and is an important model for studies of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. By stabilizing the receptor with a single-domain antibody fragment ("nanobody") discovered using a synthetic yeast-displayed library, we determined the crystal structure of active-state human AT1R bound to an AngII analog with partial agonist activity. The nanobody binds to the receptor's intracellular transducer pocket, stabilizing the large conformational changes characteristic of activated GPCRs. The peptide engages the AT1R through an extensive interface spanning from the receptor core to its extracellular face and N terminus, remodeling the ligand-binding cavity. Remarkably, the mechanism used to propagate conformational changes through the receptor diverges from other GPCRs at several key sites, highlighting the diversity of allosteric mechanisms among GPCRs. Our structure provides insight into how AngII and its analogs stimulate full or biased signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Wingler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Conor McMahon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dean P Staus
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Turu G, Balla A, Hunyady L. The Role of β-Arrestin Proteins in Organization of Signaling and Regulation of the AT1 Angiotensin Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:519. [PMID: 31447777 PMCID: PMC6691095 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AT1 angiotensin receptor plays important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the cardiovascular system. Renin-angiotensin system represents a target system for drugs acting at different levels. The main effects of ATR1 stimulation involve activation of Gq proteins and subsequent IP3, DAG, and calcium signaling. It has become evident in recent years that besides the well-known G protein pathways, AT1R also activates a parallel signaling pathway through β-arrestins. β-arrestins were originally described as proteins that desensitize G protein-coupled receptors, but they can also mediate receptor internalization and G protein-independent signaling. AT1R is one of the most studied receptors, which was used to unravel the newly recognized β-arrestin-mediated pathways. β-arrestin-mediated signaling has become one of the most studied topics in recent years in molecular pharmacology and the modulation of these pathways of the AT1R might offer new therapeutic opportunities in the near future. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the field of β-arrestin signaling of the AT1R, emphasizing its role in cardiovascular regulation and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Hunyady
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27
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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28
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Crystal structure of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor bound to an angiotensin II analog. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:570-576. [PMID: 29967536 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a central role in regulating human blood pressure, which is mainly mediated by interactions between AngII and the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AngII type 2 receptor (AT2R). We have solved the crystal structure of human AT2R binding the peptide ligand [Sar1, Ile8]AngII and its specific antibody at 3.2-Å resolution. [Sar1, Ile8]AngII interacts with both the 'core' binding domain, where the small-molecule ligands of AT1R and AT2R bind, and the 'extended' binding domain, which is equivalent to the allosteric modulator binding site of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. We generated an antibody fragment to stabilize the extended binding domain that functions as a positive allosteric modulator. We also identified a signature positively charged cluster, which is conserved among peptide-binding receptors, to locate C termini at the bottom of the binding pocket. The reported results should help with designing ligands for angiotensin receptors and possibly to other peptide GPCRs.
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29
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Desimine VL, McCrink KA, Parker BM, Wertz SL, Maning J, Lymperopoulos A. Biased Agonism/Antagonism of Cardiovascular GPCRs for Heart Failure Therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:41-61. [PMID: 29776604 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most important drug targets currently used in clinic, including drugs for cardiovascular indications. We now know that, in addition to activating heterotrimeric G protein-dependent signaling pathways, GPCRs can also activate G protein-independent signaling, mainly via the βarrestins. The major role of βarrestin1 and -2, also known as arrestin2 or -3, respectively, is to desensitize GPCRs, i.e., uncoupled them from G proteins, and to subsequently internalize the receptor. As the βarrestin-bound GPCR recycles inside the cell, it serves as a signalosome transducing signals in the cytoplasm. Since both G proteins and βarrestins can transduce signals from the same receptor independently of each other, any given GPCR agonist might selectively activate either pathway, which would make it a biased agonist for that receptor. Although this selectivity is always relative (never absolute), in cases where the G protein- and βarrestin-dependent signals emanating from the same GPCR result in different cellular effects, pharmacological exploitation of GPCR-biased agonism might have therapeutic potential. In this chapter, we summarize the GPCR signaling pathways and their biased agonism/antagonism examples discovered so far that can be exploited for heart failure treatment. We also highlight important issues that need to be clarified along the journey of these ligands from bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Desimine
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Katie A McCrink
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Barbara M Parker
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Shelby L Wertz
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Maning
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
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30
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Roy Choudhury A, Cheng T, Phan L, Bryant SH, Wang Y. Supporting precision medicine by data mining across multi-disciplines: an integrative approach for generating comprehensive linkages between single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and drug-binding sites. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1621-1629. [PMID: 28158543 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Genetic variants in drug targets and metabolizing enzymes often have important functional implications, including altering the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Identifying single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that contribute to differences in drug response and understanding their underlying mechanisms are fundamental to successful implementation of the precision medicine model. This work reports an effort to collect, classify and analyze SNVs that may affect the optimal response to currently approved drugs. Results An integrated approach was taken involving data mining across multiple information resources including databases containing drugs, drug targets, chemical structures, protein-ligand structure complexes, genetic and clinical variations as well as protein sequence alignment tools. We obtained 2640 SNVs of interest, most of which occur rarely in populations (minor allele frequency < 0.01). Clinical significance of only 9.56% of the SNVs is known in ClinVar, although 79.02% are predicted as deleterious. The examples here demonstrate that even if the mapped SNVs predicted as deleterious may not result in significant structural modifications, they can plausibly modify the protein-drug interactions, affecting selectivity and drug-binding affinity. Our analysis identifies potentially deleterious SNVs present on drug-binding residues that are relevant for further studies in the context of precision medicine. Availability and Implementation Data are available from Supplementary information file. Contact yanli.wang@nih.gov. Supplementary information Supplementary Tables S1-S5 are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Roy Choudhury
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiejun Cheng
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lon Phan
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen H Bryant
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Zhu Y, Wen L, Shao S, Tan Y, Meng T, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Yuan H, Hu F. Inhibition of tumor-promoting stroma to enforce subsequently targeting AT 1R on tumor cells by pathological inspired micelles. Biomaterials 2018; 161:33-46. [PMID: 29421561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant, genetically stable stroma cells and localize near blood vessels within "finger-like" collagen-rich stroma, which lead to restrained drug transport in dense stroma instead of tumor cells inside tumor mass, especially for targeting micelles. Meanwhile, the bioactive cytokines secreted by stroma cells result in microenvironment mediated drug resistance (TMDR). Hence, a biologically inspired Telmisartan (Tel) grafting glycolipid micelles (Tel-CSOSA) are constructed, which can sequentially target angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) overexpressed on both CAFs and tumor cells. More Tel-CSOSA are demonstrated to specifically accumulate in tumor site compared to CSOSA. In addition, the retention of Tel-CSOSA is primarily prolonged around tumor vessel in virtue of CAFs targeting and the stroma barrier. In contrast, the elimination of "finger-like" ECM resulting from CAFs apoptosis by Tel-CSOSA/DOX contributes to a more uniform and deeper penetration post-administration, which can enforce subsequently tumor cells targeting. Meanwhile, cytokines are decreased along with CAFs apoptosis so that tumor cells are more vulnerable to chemotherapeutics. Collectively, this strategy of sequentially targeting CAFs and tumor cells could synergistically increase antitumor therapy with reversed TMDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Li T, Yu B, Liu Z, Li J, Ma M, Wang Y, Zhu M, Yin H, Wang X, Fu Y, Yu F, Wang X, Fang X, Sun J, Kong W. Homocysteine directly interacts and activates the angiotensin II type I receptor to aggravate vascular injury. Nat Commun 2018; 9:11. [PMID: 29296021 PMCID: PMC5750214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism underlying HHcy-aggravated vascular injury remains unclear. Here we show that the aggravation of abdominal aortic aneurysm by HHcy is abolished in mice with genetic deletion of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and in mice treated with an AT1 blocker. We find that homocysteine directly activates AT1 receptor signalling. Homocysteine displaces angiotensin II and limits its binding to AT1 receptor. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analysis reveals distinct conformational changes of AT1 receptor upon binding to angiotensin II and homocysteine. Molecular dynamics and site-directed mutagenesis experiments suggest that homocysteine regulates the conformation of the AT1 receptor both orthosterically and allosterically by forming a salt bridge and a disulfide bond with its Arg167 and Cys289 residues, respectively. Together, these findings suggest that strategies aimed at blocking the AT1 receptor may mitigate HHcy-associated aneurysmal vascular injuries. High homocysteine plasma levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Here, Li and colleagues find that homocysteine aggravates vascular injury by direct binding to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), identifying AT1R inhibition as a potential strategy to counteract the deleterious vascular effects of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoyi Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.,Capital Normal University High School, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University; Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, 19 B, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University; Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yingbao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, 19 B, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University; Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Arrestins in the Cardiovascular System: An Update. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 159:27-57. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Singh KD, Unal H, Desnoyer R, Karnik SS. Divergent Spatiotemporal Interaction of Angiotensin Receptor Blocking Drugs with Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 58:182-193. [PMID: 29195045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) complex with the antihypertensive agent ZD7155 (PDB id: 4YAY ) and the blood pressure medication Benicar (PDB id: 4ZUD ) showed that binding poses of both antagonists are similar. This finding implies that clinically used angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) drugs may interact in a similar fashion. However, clinically observed differences in pharmacological and therapeutic efficacies of ARBs lead to the question of whether the dynamic interactions of AT1R with ARBs vary. To address this, we performed induced-fit docking (IFD) of eight clinically used ARBs to AT1R followed by 200 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The experimental Ki values for ARBs correlated remarkably well with calculated free energy with R2 = 0.95 and 0.70 for AT1R-ARB models generated respectively by IFD and MD simulation. The eight ARB-AT1R complexes share a common set of binding residues. In addition, MD simulation results validated by mutagenesis data discovered distinctive spatiotemporal interactions that display unique bonding between an individual ARB and AT1R. These findings provide a reasonably broader picture reconciling the structure-based observations with clinical studies reporting efficacy variations for ARBs. The unique differences unraveled for ARBs in this study will be useful for structure-based design of the next generation of more potent and selective ARBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuraijam Dhanachandra Singh
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Russell Desnoyer
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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Zhang WW, Bai F, Wang J, Zheng RH, Yang LW, James EA, Zhao ZQ. Edaravone inhibits pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction by reducing expression of angiotensin II AT1 receptor. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3019-3033. [PMID: 29081650 PMCID: PMC5652925 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s144807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is known to be involved in the progression of ventricular dysfunction and heart failure by eliciting cardiac fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether treatment with an antioxidant compound, edaravone, reduces cardiac fibrosis and improves ventricular function by inhibiting Ang II AT1 receptor. The study was conducted in a rat model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In control, rats were subjected to 8 weeks of TAC. In treated rats, edaravone (10 mg/kg/day) or Ang II AT1 receptor blocker, telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) was administered by intraperitoneal injection or gastric gavage, respectively, during TAC. Relative to the animals with TAC, edaravone reduced myocardial malonaldehyde level and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Protein level of the AT1 receptor was reduced and the AT2 receptor was upregulated, as evidenced by the reduced ratio of AT1 over AT2 receptor (0.57±0.2 vs 3.16±0.39, p<0.05) and less locally expressed AT1 receptor in the myocardium. Furthermore, the protein level of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was upregulated. In coincidence with these changes, edaravone significantly decreased the populations of macrophages and myofibroblasts in the myocardium, which were accompanied by reduced levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 and Smad2/3. Collagen I synthesis was inhibited and collagen-rich fibrosis was attenuated. Relative to the TAC group, cardiac systolic function was preserved, as shown by increased left ventricular systolic pressure (204±51 vs 110±19 mmHg, p<0.05) and ejection fraction (82%±3% vs 60%±5%, p<0.05). Treatment with telmisartan provided a comparable level of protection as compared with edaravone in all the parameters measured. Taken together, edaravone treatment ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and improves left ventricular function in the pressure overload rat model, potentially via suppressing the AT1 receptor-mediated signaling pathways. These data indicate that edaravone might be selected in combination with other existing drugs in preventing progression of cardiac dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University
| | | | - Li-Wang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University
| | | | - Zhi-Qing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University.,Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
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Balakumar P, Anand-Srivastava MB, Jagadeesh G. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone: An inclusive, an invigorative, an interactive and an interminable system. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:1-3. [PMID: 28711403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Formerly, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Malaysia.
| | - Madhu B Anand-Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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Biased agonism/antagonism at the AngII-AT1 receptor: Implications for adrenal aldosterone production and cardiovascular therapy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:14-20. [PMID: 28511989 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many of the effects of angiotensin II (AngII), including adrenocortical aldosterone release, are mediated by the AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), a receptor with essential roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. AT1R belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, mainly coupling to the Gq/11 type of G proteins. However, it also signals through βarrestins, oftentimes in parallel to eliciting G protein-dependent signaling. This has spurred infinite possibilities for cardiovascular pharmacology, since various beneficial effects are purportedly exerted by AT1R via βarrestins, unlike AT1R-induced G protein-mediated pathways that usually result in damaging cardiovascular effects, including hypertension and aldosterone elevation. Over the past decade however, a number of studies from our group and others have suggested that AT1R-induced βarrestin signaling can also be damaging for the heart, similarly to the G protein-dependent one, with regard to aldosterone regulation. Additionally, AT1R-induced βarrestin signaling in astrocytes from certain areas of the brain may also play a significant role in central regulation of blood pressure and hypertension pathogenesis. These findings have provided the impetus for testing available angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in their efficacy towards blocking both routes (i.e. both G protein- and βarrestin-dependent) of AT1R signaling in vitro and in vivo and also have promoted structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for the AngII molecule in terms of βarrestin signaling to certain cellular effects, e.g. adrenal aldosterone production. In the present review, we will recount all of these recent studies on adrenal and astrocyte AT1R-dependent βarrestin signaling while underlining their implications for cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapy.
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38
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Čertíková Chábová V, Červenka L. The dilemma of dual renin-angiotensin system blockade in chronic kidney disease: why beneficial in animal experiments but not in the clinic? Physiol Res 2017; 66:181-192. [PMID: 28471687 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) improved the prognosis in patients with hypertension, heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. However, combining different drugs brought no further benefit while increasing the risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension and acute renal failure. This was so with combining angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptors type 1 antagonists (ARB). Dissimilarly, in animal disease models this dual therapy proved clearly superior to single drug treatment and became the optimal standard regime for comparison with other treatments. This review analyzes the causes of the discrepancy of effects of the dual therapy between animal experiments versus clinical studies, and is focused on the outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Discussed is the role of species differences in RAAS, of the variability of the disease features in humans versus relative stability in animals, of the genetic uniformity in the animals but not in humans, and of the biased publication habits of experimental versus clinical studies. We attempt to understand the causes and reconcile the discordant findings and suggest to what extent dual RAAS inhibition should be continued in animal experiments and why its application in the clinics should be limited to strictly selected groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Čertíková Chábová
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zhang H, Han GW, Batyuk A, Ishchenko A, White KL, Patel N, Sadybekov A, Zamlynny B, Rudd MT, Hollenstein K, Tolstikova A, White TA, Hunter MS, Weierstall U, Liu W, Babaoglu K, Moore EL, Katz RD, Shipman JM, Garcia-Calvo M, Sharma S, Sheth P, Soisson SM, Stevens RC, Katritch V, Cherezov V. Structural basis for selectivity and diversity in angiotensin II receptors. Nature 2017; 544:327-332. [PMID: 28379944 PMCID: PMC5525545 DOI: 10.1038/nature22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptors, AT1R and AT2R, serve as key components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. While AT1R plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure, the function of AT2R is enigmatic with a variety of reported effects. To elucidate the mechanisms for the functional diversity and ligand selectivity between these receptors, we report crystal structures of the human AT2R bound to an AT2R-selective and an AT1R/AT2R-dual ligand, respectively, capturing the receptor in an active-like conformation. Unexpectedly, helix VIII was found in a non-canonical position, stabilizing the active-like state, but at the same time preventing the recruitment of G proteins/β-arrestins, in agreement with the lack of signaling responses in standard cellular assays. Structure-activity relationship, docking and mutagenesis studies revealed the interactions critical for ligand binding and selectivity. Our results thus provide insights into the structural basis for distinct functions of the angiotensin receptors, and may guide the design of novel selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Gye Won Han
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Andrii Ishchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kate L White
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anastasiia Sadybekov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Beata Zamlynny
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Michael T Rudd
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Kaspar Hollenstein
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Alexandra Tolstikova
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas A White
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark S Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Kerim Babaoglu
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Eric L Moore
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Ryan D Katz
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 503 Louise Lane, North Wales, Pennsylvania 19454, USA
| | - Jennifer M Shipman
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 503 Louise Lane, North Wales, Pennsylvania 19454, USA
| | | | - Sujata Sharma
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 503 Louise Lane, North Wales, Pennsylvania 19454, USA
| | - Payal Sheth
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Stephen M Soisson
- MRL, Merck &Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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40
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Lymperopoulos A, Aukszi B. Angiotensin receptor blocker drugs and inhibition of adrenal beta-arrestin-1-dependent aldosterone production: Implications for heart failure therapy. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:200-206. [PMID: 28400916 PMCID: PMC5368669 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone mediates many of the physiological and pathophysiological/cardio-toxic effects of angiotensin II (AngII). Its synthesis and secretion from the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex, elevated in chronic heart failure (HF), is induced by AngII type 1 receptors (AT1Rs). The AT1R is a G protein-coupled receptor, mainly coupling to Gq/11 proteins. However, it can also signal through β-arrestin-1 (βarr1) or -2 (βarr2), both of which mediate G protein-independent signaling. Over the past decade, a second, Gq/11 protein-independent but βarr1-dependent signaling pathway emanating from the adrenocortical AT1R and leading to aldosterone production has become appreciated. Thus, it became apparent that AT1R antagonists that block both pathways equally well are warranted for fully effective aldosterone suppression in HF. This spurred the comparison of all of the currently marketed angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs, AT1R antagonists or sartans) at blocking activation of the two signaling modes (G protein-, and βarr1-dependent) at the AngII-activated AT1R and hence, at suppression of aldosterone in vitro and in vivo. Although all agents are very potent inhibitors of G protein activation at the AT1R, candesartan and valsartan were uncovered to be the most potent ARBs at blocking βarr activation by AngII and at suppressing aldosterone in vitro and in vivo in post-myocardial infarction HF animals. In contrast, irbesartan and losartan are virtually G protein-“biased” blockers at the human AT1R, with very low efficacy for βarr inhibition and aldosterone suppression. Therefore, candesartan and valsartan (and other, structurally similar compounds) may be the most preferred ARB agents for HF pharmacotherapy, as well as for treatment of other conditions characterized by elevated aldosterone.
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41
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Mallipeddi S, Janero DR, Zvonok N, Makriyannis A. Functional selectivity at G-protein coupled receptors: Advancing cannabinoid receptors as drug targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 128:1-11. [PMID: 27890725 PMCID: PMC5470118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of functional selectivity, whereby a ligand preferentially directs the information output of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) along (a) particular effector pathway(s) and away from others, has redefined traditional GPCR signaling paradigms to provide a new approach to structure-based drug design. The two principal cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) 1 and 2 belong to the class-A GPCR subfamily and are considered tenable therapeutic targets for several indications. Yet conventional orthosteric ligands (agonists, antagonists/inverse agonists) for these receptors have had very limited clinical utility due to their propensity to incite on-target adverse events. Chemically distinct classes of cannabinergic ligands exhibit signaling bias at CBRs towards individual subsets of signal transduction pathways. In this review, we discuss the known signaling pathways regulated by CBRs and examine the current evidence for functional selectivity at CBRs in response to endogenous and exogenous cannabinergic ligands as biased agonists. We further discuss the receptor and ligand structural features allowing for selective activation of CBR-dependent functional responses. The design and development of biased ligands may offer a pathway to therapeutic success for novel CBR-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - David R Janero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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42
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Devost D, Sleno R, Pétrin D, Zhang A, Shinjo Y, Okde R, Aoki J, Inoue A, Hébert TE. Conformational Profiling of the AT1 Angiotensin II Receptor Reflects Biased Agonism, G Protein Coupling, and Cellular Context. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5443-5456. [PMID: 28213525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the design and use of G protein-coupled receptor-based biosensors to monitor ligand-mediated conformational changes in receptors in intact cells. These biosensors use bioluminescence resonance energy transfer with Renilla luciferase (RlucII) as an energy donor, placed at the distal end of the receptor C-tail, and the small fluorescent molecule FlAsH as an energy acceptor, its binding site inserted at different positions throughout the intracellular loops and C-terminal tail of the angiotensin II type I receptor. We verified that the modifications did not compromise receptor localization or function before proceeding further. Our biosensors were able to capture effects of both canonical and biased ligands, even to the extent of discriminating between different biased ligands. Using a combination of G protein inhibitors and HEK 293 cell lines that were CRISPR/Cas9-engineered to delete Gαq, Gα11, Gα12, and Gα13 or β-arrestins, we showed that Gαq and Gα11 are required for functional responses in conformational sensors in ICL3 but not ICL2. Loss of β-arrestin did not alter biased ligand effects on ICL2P2. We also demonstrate that such biosensors are portable between different cell types and yield context-dependent readouts of G protein-coupled receptor conformation. Our study provides mechanistic insights into signaling events that depend on either G proteins or β-arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Devost
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Rory Sleno
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alice Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yuji Shinjo
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rakan Okde
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Junken Aoki
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan, and
| | - Asuka Inoue
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,the Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Terence E Hébert
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada,
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43
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Young BM, Nguyen E, Chedrawe MAJ, Rainey JK, Dupré DJ. Differential Contribution of Transmembrane Domains IV, V, VI, and VII to Human Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Homomer Formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3341-3350. [PMID: 28096461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in drug therapy and represent one of the largest families of drug targets. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is notable as it has a central role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Blockade of AT1R signaling has been shown to alleviate hypertension and improve outcomes in patients with heart failure. Despite this, it has become apparent that our initial understanding of AT1R signaling is oversimplified. There is considerable evidence to suggest that AT1R signaling is highly modified in the presence of receptor-receptor interactions, but there is very little structural data available to explain this phenomenon even with the recent elucidation of the AT1R crystal structure. The current study investigates the involvement of transmembrane domains in AT1R homomer assembly with the goal of identifying hydrophobic interfaces that contribute to receptor-receptor affinity. A recently published crystal structure of the AT1R was used to guide site-directed mutagenesis of outward-facing hydrophobic residues within the transmembrane region of the AT1R. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was employed to analyze how receptor mutation affects the assembly of AT1R homomers with a specific focus on hydrophobic residues. Mutations within transmembrane domains IV, V, VI, and VII had no effect on angiotensin-mediated β-arrestin1 recruitment; however, they exhibited differential effects on the assembly of AT1R into oligomeric complexes. Our results demonstrate the importance of hydrophobic amino acids at the AT1R transmembrane interface and provide the first glimpse of the requirements for AT1R complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan K Rainey
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Cunningham MW, Williams JM, Amaral L, Usry N, Wallukat G, Dechend R, LaMarca B. Agonistic Autoantibodies to the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Enhance Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Vascular Sensitivity and Reduce Renal Function During Pregnancy. Hypertension 2016; 68:1308-1313. [PMID: 27698062 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Preeclamptic women produce agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-AA) and exhibit increased blood pressure (mean arterial pressure), vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II (ANG II), and display a decrease in renal function. The objective of this study was to examine the renal hemodynamic changes during pregnancy in the presence of AT1-AAs with or without a slow pressor dose of ANG II. In this study, mean arterial pressure was elevated in all pregnant rats treated with ANG II with or without AT1-AA. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced from 1.90±0.16 mL/min in normal pregnant (NP) to 1.20±0.08 in ANG II+AT1-AA rats. Renal blood flow was decreased in ANG II+AT1-AA versus NP rats to 7.4±1.09 versus 15.4±1.75 mL/min. Renal vascular resistance was drastically increased between ANG II+AT1-AA versus NP rats (18.4±2.91 versus 6.4±0.77 mm Hg/mL per minute). Isoprostane excretion was increased by 3.5-fold in ANG II+AT1-AA versus NP (1160±321 versus 323±52 pg/mL). In conclusion, ANG II and AT1-AA together significantly decrease glomerular filtration rate by 37% and renal blood flow by 50% and caused a 3-fold increase in renal vascular resistance and isoprostane levels versus NP rats. These data indicate the importance of AT1-AAs to enhance ANG II-induced renal vasoconstriction and reduce renal function as mechanisms to cause hypertension as observed during preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Cunningham
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Jan M Williams
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Lorena Amaral
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Nathan Usry
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.W.C., J.M.W., L.A., N.U., B.L.M.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.L.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (G.W.); and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany (R.D.).
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wang SQ, Liu GY, Xu WR, Cheng XC, Wang RL. Identification of dual ligands targeting angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ by core hopping of telmisartan. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2665-2680. [PMID: 27602589 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1227726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported previously that some angiotensin II receptor blockers not only antagonize angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), but also exert stimulation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) partial activation, among which telmisartan displays the best. Telmisartan has been tested as a bifunctional ligand with antihypertensive and hypoglycemic activity. Aiming at more potent leads with selective AT1R antagonism and PPARγ partial agonism, the three parts of telmisartan including the distal benzimidazole ring, the biphenyl moiety, and the carboxylic acid group experienced modification by core hopping method in our study. The central benzimidazole ring, however, remained intact considering its great affinity toward AT1R and PPARγ. We utilized computational techniques for the sake of details on the binding interactions and conformational stability. Standard precision docking analysis and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity prediction received 10 molecules with higher Glide scores, similar interactions, and improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to telmisartan. Comp#91 with highest scores for AT1R (-11.92 kcal/mol) and PPARγ (-13.88 kcal/mol) exhibited excellent binding modes and pharmacokinetic parameters. Molecular dynamics trajectories on best docking pose of comp#91 confirmed the docking results and verified the conformational stability with both receptors throughout the course of 20-ns simulations. Thus, comp#91 could be identified as a promising lead in the development of dual AT1R antagonist and PPARγ partial agonist against hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Xin Liu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Shu-Qing Wang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Gui-You Liu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Wei-Ren Xu
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery , Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Xian-Chao Cheng
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Run-Ling Wang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
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Li H, Li W, Liu F, Wang Z, Li G, Karamanos Y. Detection of Tumor Invasive Biomarker using a Peptamer of Signal Conversion and Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3662-8. [PMID: 26938572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the structural and functional features of proteins in cell signaling, a switchable peptide is designed in this work. This switchable peptide is named a "peptamer," and it can react to ligand binding with conformational change and activation/deactivation of catalytic ability. The peptamer is constructed by elaborately integrating several different peptide motifs with targeting and catalytic abilities. Thus, targeted binding of the peptamer to an integrin can be regulated by a synthetic ligand. Moreover, the conformational rearrangement of the peptamer induced by both integrin and the synthetic ligand can resolve in altered affinity of the peptamer for a catalytic cofactor, cupric ion. This leads to greatly contrasted efficiency of catalysis in the presence/absence of integrin. This distinct switching on/off of catalytic activity also enables a bioassay of tissue integrin expression in clinical samples of thyroid carcinoma. Experimental results reveal that the detected integrin level parallels the state of lymph node metastasis. Therefore, this simple peptide model may help to understand the structural reconfiguration of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction, as well as to provide a new means to assess protein activity under pathological conditions such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.,Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-encéphalique, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Artois , rue Souvraz SP18, 62307 CEDEX Lens, France
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Valero TR, Sturchler E, Jafferjee M, Rengo G, Magafa V, Cordopatis P, McDonald P, Koch WJ, Lymperopoulos A. Structure-activity relationship study of angiotensin II analogs in terms of β-arrestin-dependent signaling to aldosterone production. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00226. [PMID: 27069636 PMCID: PMC4804318 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The known angiotensin II (AngII) physiological effect of aldosterone synthesis and secretion induction, a steroid hormone that contributes to the pathology of postmyocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF), is mediated by both Gq/11 proteins and β-arrestins, both of which couple to the AngII type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) of adrenocortical zona glomerulosa (AZG) cells. Over the past several years, AngII analogs with increased selectivity ("bias") toward β-arrestin-dependent signaling at the AT1R have been designed and described, starting with SII, the gold-standard β-arrestin-"biased" AngII analog. In this study, we examined the relative potencies of an extensive series of AngII peptide analogs at relative activation of G proteins versus β-arrestins by the AT1R. The major structural difference of these peptides from SII was their varied substitutions at position 5, rather than position 4 of native AngII. Three of them were found biased for β-arrestin activation and extremely potent at stimulating aldosterone secretion in AZG cells in vitro, much more potent than SII in that regard. Finally, the most potent of these three ([Sar(1), Cys(Et)(5), Leu(8)]-AngII, CORET) was further examined in post-MI rats progressing to HF and overexpressing adrenal β-arrestin1 in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro studies, CORET was found to exacerbate the post-MI hyperaldosteronism, and, consequently, cardiac function of the post-MI animals in vivo. Finally, our data suggest that increasing the size of position 5 of the AngII peptide sequence results in directly proportional increases in AT1R-dependent β-arrestin activation. These findings provide important insights for AT1R pharmacology and future AngII-targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thairy Reyes Valero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy Fort Lauderdale Florida 33328
| | | | - Malika Jafferjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy Fort Lauderdale Florida 33328
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation-Scientific Institute of Telese Terme Telese Terme Italy
| | - Vassiliki Magafa
- Department of Pharmacy Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Paul Cordopatis
- Department of Pharmacy Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Translational Research Institute Scripps Florida Jupiter Florida 33458
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy Fort Lauderdale Florida 33328
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48
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Duncton MAJ, Murray RB, Park G, Singh R. Tetrazolone as an acid bioisostere: application to marketed drugs containing a carboxylic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9343-9347. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matched molecular pair analysis was used to evaluate the ability of a tetrazolone group to act as a bioisostere of a carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Park
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals
- Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
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Srivastava A, Gupta B, Gupta C, Shukla AK. Emerging Functional Divergence of β-Arrestin Isoforms in GPCR Function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:628-642. [PMID: 26471844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are tightly regulated by multifunctional protein β-arrestins. Two isoforms of β-arrestin sharing more than 70% sequence identity and overall very similar 3D structures, β-arrestins 1 and 2, were originally expected to be functionally redundant. However, in recent years multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest they have distinct roles in various aspects of GPCR regulation and signaling. We summarize selected examples of GPCRs where β-arrestin isoforms are discovered to display non-overlapping and sometimes even antagonistic functions. We also discuss potential mechanistic basis for their functional divergence and highlight new frontiers that are likely to form the focal points of research in this area in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Bhagyashri Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Charu Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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50
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Zhang H, Unal H, Desnoyer R, Han GW, Patel N, Katritch V, Karnik SS, Cherezov V, Stevens RC. Structural Basis for Ligand Recognition and Functional Selectivity at Angiotensin Receptor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29127-39. [PMID: 26420482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is the primary blood pressure regulator. AT1R blockers (ARBs) have been widely used in clinical settings as anti-hypertensive drugs and share a similar chemical scaffold, although even minor variations can lead to distinct therapeutic efficacies toward cardiovascular etiologies. The structural basis for AT1R modulation by different peptide and non-peptide ligands has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of the human AT1R in complex with an inverse agonist olmesartan (Benicar(TM)), a highly potent anti-hypertensive drug. Olmesartan is anchored to the receptor primarily by the residues Tyr-35(1.39), Trp-84(2.60), and Arg-167(ECL2), similar to the antagonist ZD7155, corroborating a common binding mode of different ARBs. Using docking simulations and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified specific interactions between AT1R and different ARBs, including olmesartan derivatives with inverse agonist, neutral antagonist, or agonist activities. We further observed that the mutation N111(3.35)A in the putative sodium-binding site affects binding of the endogenous peptide agonist angiotensin II but not the β-arrestin-biased peptide TRV120027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 and
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Russell Desnoyer
- the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Gye Won Han
- Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 and
| | | | | | - Sadashiva S Karnik
- the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 and
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 and
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