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Cai F, Wang C. Comprehensive review of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of alkamides (2016-2022). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114006. [PMID: 38309452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alkamides refer to a class of natural active small-molecule products composed of fatty acids and amine groups. These compounds are widely distributed in plants, and their unique structures and various pharmacological activities have caught the attention of scholars. This review provides a collection of literatures related to the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of alkamides published in 2016-2022 and their summary to provide references for further development of this class of ingredients. A total of 234 components (including chiral isomers) were summarized, pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, analgesic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial, and miscellaneous properties of alkamides were discussed. In addition, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of alkamides were reviewed. However, information on the pharmacological mechanisms of the action, drug safety, and pharmacokinetics of alkamides is limited and thus requires further investigation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Rafailovska E, Tushevski O, Shijakova K, Simic SG, Kjovkarovska SD, Miova B. Hypericum perforatum L. extract exerts insulinotropic effects and inhibits gluconeogenesis in diabetic rats by regulating AMPK expression and PKCε concentration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115899. [PMID: 36336219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L., commonly known as St. John's Wort (SJW), represents one of the best-known and most thoroughly researched medicinal plant species. The ethnobotanical usage and bioactivities related to H. perforatum include treatment of skin diseases, wounds and burns, gastrointestinal problems, urogenital diseases and psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. In the last decade, many studies focused on the bioactive constituents responsible for the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activity of SJW extracts. However, the mechanism by which H. perforatum extract exhibits these properties is still unclear. Hence, the current study was designed to gain insight into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which wildly growing H. perforatum exerts its antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant material of H. perforatum was harvested from a natural population in the Republic of North Macedonia during full flowering season. Methanol (80% v/v) was used to extract bioactive components from HH powder. The dissolved HH dry extract (in 0.3% CMC) was given daily as a single treatment (200 mg/kg bw) during 14 days both in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. As a positive control, we applied glibenclamide. The activity of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate methabolisam in the liver were assessed, along with substrate concentration, as well as AMPK mRNA levels, PKCε concentration, plasma insulin level and pancreatic PARP activity. RESULTS Compared to diabetic rats, treatment of diabetic rats with HH extract resulted with decreased activity of hepatic enzymes glucose-6-phospatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, increased liver glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate content, which resulted with reduced blood glucose concentration up to normoglycaemia. Non-significant changes were observed in the activity of hexokinase, glycogen phosphorylase and glucose-6-phospahte dehydrogenase. HH-treatment also caused an increase in plasma insulin concentration and increase in pancreatic PARP activity. Finally, HH treatment of diabetic rats showed significant increase in AMPK expression and decrease of PKCε concentration. CONCLUSION We present in vivo evidence that HH- extract exert insulinotropic effects and regulate endogenous glucose production mostly by suppressing liver gluconeogenesis. The HH-treatment did not effected glycogenolysys and glycolysis. Finally, we confirm the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effect of HH-extract and the mechanism of this effect involves amelioration of AMPK and PKCε changes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rafailovska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Oliver Tushevski
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Kristiana Shijakova
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Sonja Gadzovska Simic
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Suzana Dinevska Kjovkarovska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Biljana Miova
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
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Ngum JA, Tatang FJ, Toumeni MH, Nguengo SN, Simo USF, Mezajou CF, Kameni C, Ngongang NN, Tchinda MF, Dongho Dongmo FF, Akami M, Ngane Ngono AR, Tamgue O. An overview of natural products that modulate the expression of non-coding RNAs involved in oxidative stress and inflammation-associated disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144836. [PMID: 37168992 PMCID: PMC10165025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state in which oxidants are produced in excess in the body's tissues and cells, resulting in a biological imbalance amid the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from redox reactions. In case of insufficient antioxidants to balance, the immune system triggers signaling cascades to mount inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress can have deleterious effects on major macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, hence, Oxidative stress and inflammation are among the multiple factors contributing to the etiology of several disorders such as diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which were once referred to as dark matter have been found to function as key regulators of gene expression through different mechanisms. They have dynamic roles in the onset and development of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, therefore, are potential targets for the control of those diseases. One way of controlling those diseases is through the use of natural products, a rich source of antioxidants that have drawn attention with several studies showing their involvement in combating chronic diseases given their enormous gains, low side effects, and toxicity. In this review, we highlighted the natural products that have been reported to target ncRNAs as mediators of their biological effects on oxidative stress and several inflammation-associated disorders. Those natural products include Baicalein, Tanshinone IIA, Geniposide, Carvacrol/Thymol, Triptolide, Oleacein, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Solarmargine, Allicin, aqueous extract or pulp of Açai, Quercetin, and Genistein. We also draw attention to some other compounds including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Canna genus rhizome, Fuzi-ganjiang herb pair, Aronia melanocarpa, Peppermint, and Gingerol that are effective against oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders, however, have no known effect on ncRNAs. Lastly, we touched on the many ncRNAs that were found to play a role in oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders but have not yet been investigated as targets of a natural product. Shedding more light into these two last points of shadow will be of great interest in the valorization of natural compounds in the control and therapy of oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated disorders.
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Farid A, Haridyy H, Ashraf S, Ahmed S, Safwat G. Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:528. [PMID: 36544223 PMCID: PMC9773570 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is known as a silent killer because individual is not aware that he has the disease till the development of its complications. Many researchers have studied the use of stem cells in treatment of both types of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold a lot of potential for regenerative therapy. MSCs migrate and home at the damaged site, where they can aid in the repair of damaged tissues and restoring their function. Oxidative stress and inflammation represent a huge obstacle during MSCs transplantation. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of grape seed extract (GSE) administration during MSCs transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes. Furthermore, testing some of GSE components [procyanidins(P)-B1 and P-C1] in conjunction with MSCs, in vivo, was performed to determine if one of them was more effective in relieving the measured attributes of diabetes more than the whole GSE. METHODS Firstly, GSE was prepared from the seeds of Muscat of Alexandria grapes and characterized to identify its phytochemical components. Experimental design was composed of control group I, untreated diabetic group II, GSE (300 mg/kg)-treated diabetic group III, MSCs (2 × 106 cells/rat)-treated diabetic group IV and GSE (300 mg/kg)/MSCs (2 × 106 cells/rat)-treated diabetic group V. Type I diabetes was induced in rats by intravenous injection with 65 mg/kg of STZ. Treatment started when fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was more than 200 mg/dl; GSE oral administration started in the same day after MSCs intravenous injection and continued daily for 30 consecutive days. RESULTS The results showed that GSE/MSCs therapy in type I-induced diabetic rats has dramatically managed homeostasis of glucose and insulin secretion; together with, improvement in levels of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Co-treatment with GSE and MSCs in vivo regenerates beta cells in type I-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Haridyy
- grid.442760.30000 0004 0377 4079Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma Ashraf
- grid.442760.30000 0004 0377 4079Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Selim Ahmed
- grid.442760.30000 0004 0377 4079Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- grid.442760.30000 0004 0377 4079Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Zhang Q, Li RL, Wang LY, Zhang T, Qian D, Tang DD, He CX, Wu CJ, Ai L. Hydroxy-α-sanshool isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. has antidiabetic effects on high-fat-fed and streptozotocin-treated mice via increasing glycogen synthesis by regulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/GS signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1089558. [PMID: 36582530 PMCID: PMC9792598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1089558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. The fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. is a common spice and herbal medicine in China, and hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS) is the most abundant amide in Z. bungeanum and reported to have significant hypoglycemic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of HAS on T2DM and the potential mechanisms responsible for those effects. An acute toxicity test revealed the median lethal dose (LD50) of HAS is 73 mg/kg. C57BL/6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet and given an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM in mice to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of HAS. The results showed that HAS significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, reduced pathological changes in the liver and pancreas, and increased liver glycogen content. In addition, glucosamine (GlcN)-induced HepG2 cells were used to establish an insulin resistance cell model and explore the molecular mechanisms of HAS activity. The results demonstrated that HAS significantly increases glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway in GlcN-induced cells, as well as increases GSK-3β phosphorylation, suppresses phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) and increases glycogen synthesis in liver cells. Furthermore, these effects of HAS were blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. The results of our study suggest that HAS reduces hepatic insulin resistance and increases hepatic glycogen synthesis by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/GS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Xun He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chun-Jie Wu, ; Li Ai,
| | - Li Ai
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chun-Jie Wu, ; Li Ai,
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Zhang T, Zhang Q, Zheng W, Tao T, Li RL, Wang LY, Peng W, Wu CJ. Fructus Zanthoxyli extract improves glycolipid metabolism disorder of type 2 diabetes mellitus via activation of AMPK/PI3K/Akt pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:543-560. [PMID: 35965234 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of Fructus Zanthoxyli (FZ) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify the constituents of FZ. Next, the differentially expressed genes linked to the treatment of diabetes with FZ were screened using online databases (including Gene Expression Omnibus database and Swiss Target Prediction online database), and the overlapping genes and their enrichment were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, the pathway was verified by in vitro experiments, and cell staining with oil red and Nile red showed that the extract of FZ had a therapeutic effect on T2DM. RESULTS A total of 43 components were identified from FZ, and 39 differentially expressed overlapping genes were screened as the possible targets of FZ in T2DM. The dug component-target network indicated that PPARA, PPARG, PIK3R3, JAK2 and GPR88 might be the core genes targeted by FZ in the treatment of T2DM. Interestingly, the enrichment analysis of KEGG showed that effects of FZ against T2DM were closely correlated with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. In vitro experiments further confirmed that FZ significantly inhibited palmitic acid-induced lipid formation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, FZ treatment was able to promote the AMPK and PI3K/Akt expressions in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Network pharmacology combined with experimental validation revealed that FZ extract can improve the glycolipid metabolism disorder of T2DM via activation of the AMPK/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
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Xu F, Zhu Y, Lu M, Qin L, Zhao D, Ren T. Effects of Hydroxy-Alpha-Sanshool on Intestinal Metabolism in Insulin-Resistant Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142040. [PMID: 35885283 PMCID: PMC9322383 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the hydroxy-alpha-sanshool (HAS) effects on the intestinal metabolites of insulin-resistant mice, the blank group (BG), model group (MG), and HAS dose group (DG) were designed. The insulin resistance (IR) model was induced through streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat and high-sugar diet. Based on the availability of the model, the HAS dose was given by gavage for 28 days. The determination of cecum and key serum indexes was made, including the contents of insulin (INS), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb). The changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in cecal contents were detected by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and UPLC/HRMS technology, respectively. The results that the levels of GSP, GHb, TG, and TC were significantly increased; this was not the case for INS; or for the changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites in MG. However, the intervention of HAS effectively reversed these changes, for instance, it decreased levels of GSP, GHb, TG, TC, and alterations of metabolite composition for linoleic acid and tyrosine metabolism and recovered trends of declining species diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in MG. It was indicated that HAS alleviated IR by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites and affecting lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Xu
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuping Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Mintao Lu
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.)
| | - Likang Qin
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.)
| | - Degang Zhao
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.)
- Guiyang Station for DUS Testing Center of New Plant Varieties of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China in Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Q.); (D.Z.)
- Guiyang Station for DUS Testing Center of New Plant Varieties of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China in Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Correspondence:
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Gong H, Chen S, Yu S, Liu D, Li X, Shan Z, Kong F, Yan Z, Han F. Discussion on Protein Metabolism and Requirement of Aerobics Athletes during Training Based on Multisensor Data Fusion. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:6169150. [PMID: 35313512 PMCID: PMC8934227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6169150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Competitive aerobics has emerged as a highly competitive sport beyond its own physical limit. Modern competitive aerobics competition is very fierce; athletes cannot only rely on a specific competitive skill to achieve good results. Protein is the physical basis of life activity. The life activity of human body is closely related to protein, and protein is closely related to human exercise ability. This article aims to study protein metabolism and demand of aerobics athletes during training based on multisensor data fusion. A total of 26 female aerobics athletes were randomly divided into two groups: exercise group and exercise + nutrition group. According to the characteristics of human motion, a comprehensive measurement acquisition sensor system for collecting human motion information is designed and implemented, and the system is used to monitor the subject's protein condition in real time. The subjects took protein nutrient solution before breakfast every day. The dynamic recognition algorithm designed in this paper also has shortcomings, and the monitoring protein method based on gait and other signs is not completely correct. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. The results showed that the level of serum transferrin receptor decreased significantly in the quiet + nutrition group for 4 weeks, which was significantly different from that at 0 and 3 weeks in the same group (P < 0.01) and was significantly different from that in the same group at 7 weeks (P < 0.05). In the exercise group, the level of serum transferrin receptor increased significantly at 5 weeks, compared with the same group at 0 and 3 weeks (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Liaoning Normal University Sports Institute, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Medical Health, Xing'an Vocational and Technical College, Ulanhot 137400, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Sports Department of Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou 115009, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Health College, Polus International College, Chengdu 610103, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Physical Education Department, Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Zeliang Shan
- Rehabilitation and Nursing Institute, Tianfu College of Swufe, Chengdu 610103, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Kong
- School of Physical Education and Health, Dalian University of Technlogy, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Liaoning Normal University Sports Institute, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
- Orthopaedics, Dalian Port Hospital, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Han
- Orthopaedics, Dalian Port Hospital, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
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Wei X, Yang B, Chen X, Wen L, Kan J. Zanthoxylum alkylamides ameliorate protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:3740-3753. [PMID: 33900301 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can easily induce insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, causing protein metabolism disorder and inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate whether Zanthoxylum alkylamides (ZA) could ameliorate T2DM through regulating protein metabolism disorder by using a rat model of T2DM. The predominant bioactive constituents found in ZA were hydroxyl-α-sanshool, hydroxyl-β-sanshool and hydroxyl-γ-sanshool. The results showed that ZA improved a series of biochemical indices associated with protein metabolism and inflammation in T2DM rats. Our mechanistic finding indicated that ZA promoted protein anabolism in T2DM rats by up-regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. ZA also promoted glucose transportation in skeletal muscle to ameliorate skeletal muscle IR and energy metabolism through regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, ZA inhibited protein degradation and improved protein catabolism disorder in T2DM rats by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway, and ZA further ameliorated inflammation to inhibit protein catabolism via regulating the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in the skeletal muscle of T2DM rats. Collectively, the ameliorating effect of ZA on protein metabolism disorder in T2DM rats was the common result of regulating multiple signaling pathways. ZA decreased skeletal muscle IR to promote protein anabolism and inhibit protein catabolism for improving protein metabolism disorder, thus ultimately ameliorating T2DM. In sum, our findings demonstrated that ZA treatment could effectively ameliorate T2DM through improving protein metabolism, providing a new treatment target for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyu Wei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Synthesis of hydroxy-γ-sanshool. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang D, Sun X, Battino M, Wei X, Shi J, Zhao L, Liu S, Xiao J, Shi B, Zou X. A comparative overview on chili pepper (capsicum genus) and sichuan pepper (zanthoxylum genus): From pungent spices to pharma-foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ramkumar S, Thulasiram HV, RaviKumar A. Improvement in serum amylase and glucose levels in diabetic rats on oral administration of bisdemethoxycurcumin from Curcuma longa and limonoids from Azadirachta indica. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13674. [PMID: 33634871 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica are traditionally used in Indian cuisine and Ayurvedic medicine as nutraceuticals against diabetes. The crude C. longa isopropanol extract, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), the purified bioactive component from C. longa, and limonoids azadiradione, gedunin from A. indica, are able to inhibit in vitro the antidiabetic target human pancreatic α-amylase independently. However, no reports on their in vivo efficacy in animal models exist. Thus, the antidiabetic effect of these orally administered human pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors was performed on streptozotocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Initially, the normal rats were treated with test compounds (10-100 mg/kg of body weight) in corn oil (5 ml/kg), and as no lethality was observed in these doses, further studies were carried out with lowest concentration of 10 mg/kg of body weight. A reduction in area under curve (AUC) suggested glucose-lowering effect of these compounds in starch fed diabetic rats. The efficacy study showed a significant improvement in body weight, blood glucose levels, serum amylase, and fructosamine levels as well in other serum parameters associated with diabetes with respect to liver and renal functions. Hence, under in vivo conditions, inhibition of α-amylase activity by BDMC and limonoids affirms it as one of the mechanisms of action resulting in reduction of blood glucose levels. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bisdemethoxycurcumin from C. longa and limonoids, namely, azadiradione and gedunin, from A. indica are potent inhibitors of the antidiabetic target human pancreatic α-amylase. Oral Starch Tolerance Test (OSTT) and 28-day efficacy study to check the effect of these orally administered inhibitors in diabetic rat models showed significant improvements in serum blood glucose and amylase levels as well as in other diabetes related serum parameters, namely, bilirubin, lipids, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and urea. The study contributes to understanding the action and efficacy of these pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors and suggests a potential role for them as nutraceuticals/therapeutics in management of post-prandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Ramkumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - H V Thulasiram
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Ameeta RaviKumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Wang R, You YM, Liu X. Effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its mechanism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13548. [PMID: 33270233 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed at exploring the effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides on lipid metabolism and its potential mechanisms using high-fat diet rat model. Treatment with Zanthoxylum alkylamides for 6 weeks, food efficiency and atherogenic index of the low, medium, and high doses of Zanthoxylum alkylamides-treated groups were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the histopathological structure of the livers showed that hepatic steatosis in the groups treated with Zanthoxylum alkylamides was reduced, particularly the HD group. Moreover, the related genes were studied, such as, liver X receptor (LXR), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), hepatic 3-hydroxyl-2-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype1 (TRPV1). These results demonstrated that Zanthoxylum alkylamides could ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism may be the downregulation of the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis and bile acid reabsorption-related genes, reduction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High-energy diet is a potential risk of lipid metabolic disorder. Many studies have shown that hyperlipidemia can lead to atherosclerosis and even hemangioma, cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease, and other diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Therefore, seeking an effective and safe way to prevent the obesity-related disease is necessary. This research found that Zanthoxylum alkylamide could ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism may be the downregulation of the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis and ileal absorption of bile acid genes, reduction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion. Therefore, Zanthoxylum alkylamide has the potential for preventing or alleviating high-energy intake-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Ming You
- College of Forestry and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Alkylamides from Natural Origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 30:622-640. [PMID: 33071385 PMCID: PMC7546144 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wei X, Yang B, Chen G, Wang D, Shi Y, Chen Q, Kan J. Zanthoxylum alkylamides improve amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13441. [PMID: 32808307 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides (ZA) on amino acid metabolism of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the present study was performed with T2DM rats model induced with high fat and sugar fodder combined with low-dose of streptozotocin. ZA were fed to rats at three different doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg for 28 days and metformin was fed to rats at 135 mg/kg as positive control. The results showed that compared with the normal control, the amino acid levels and the expression of related carrier genes were disordered in T2DM rats. Compared with the model, different doses of ZA could significantly resist (p < .05) the decrease in body weight of T2DM rats and improve hyperglycemia, with the best result observed with the high dose (8 mg/kg). Different doses of ZA could ameliorate the levels of 19 kinds of amino acid in the plasma, jejunum, liver, and skeletal muscle of T2DM rats by regulating the expression of related amino acid transporters including LAT1, SNAT2, CAT1, et al. to thereby ameliorating amino acid metabolism disorder in T2DM rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Previous studies showed that Zanthoxylum alkylamides (ZA) could promote the amino acid metabolism in the jejunum of healthy SD rats, improve protein metabolism disorder of type 1 diabetic rats, and also reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in fat rats model. Herein, we investigated the effect of ZA on amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The results indicated that ZA could remarkably improve the abnormal expression of amino acid carriers in the jejunum, liver, and skeletal muscle, thereby ameliorating the disorder of amino acid metabolism in the plasma, jejunum, liver, and skeletal muscle of T2DM rats. Therefore, ZA are potential antidiabetic food/medicine product for the T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyu Wei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, PR China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, PR China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guangjing Chen
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, PR China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yue Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, PR China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, PR China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, PR China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
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Sun Y, Ma C, Sun H, Wang H, Peng W, Zhou Z, Wang H, Pi C, Shi Y, He X. Metabolism: A Novel Shared Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4981814. [PMID: 32083135 PMCID: PMC7011481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4981814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is broadly characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Novel epidemiological studies demonstrate that some diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing dementia compared with healthy individuals. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and leads to major progressive deficits in memory and cognitive function. Multiple studies have identified an increased risk for AD in some diabetic populations, but it is still unclear which diabetic patients will develop dementia and which biological characteristics can predict cognitive decline. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between DM and AD, there are several plausible ways this may occur. Since AD has many characteristics in common with impaired insulin signaling pathways, AD can be regarded as a metabolic disease. We conclude from the published literature that the body's diabetic status under certain circumstances such as metabolic abnormalities can increase the incidence of AD by affecting glucose transport to the brain and reducing glucose metabolism. Furthermore, due to its plentiful lipid content and high energy requirement, the brain's metabolism places great demands on mitochondria. Thus, the brain may be more susceptible to oxidative damage than the rest of the body. Emerging evidence suggests that both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are related to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Protein changes in the unfolded protein response or endoplasmic reticulum stress can regulate Aβ production and are closely associated with tau protein pathology. Altogether, metabolic disorders including glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein changes caused by DM are associated with an impaired insulin signal pathway. These metabolic factors could increase the prevalence of AD in diabetic patients via the promotion of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zibo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chenchen Pi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Shittu ST, Shittu SA, Olatunji AA, Oyeyemi WA. Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract may precipitate infertility in male diabetic Wistar rats. JBRA Assist Reprod 2019; 23:34-44. [PMID: 30376279 PMCID: PMC6364277 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the Ocimum
gratissimum (OG) effects on sperm quality and testicular
cytoarchitecture in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Method: Twenty male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were assigned into 4 groups (n=5) as A
(control), B (OG), C (Dia) and D (Dia+OG). Groups A and B were normal
animals receiving distilled water or OG (400 mg/kg), respectively while
diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) in groups C and D,
followed by the administration of distilled water or OG, respectively for 28
days. Blood samples were obtained for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and
fructosamine determination while, epididymis and testes were obtained for
sperm quality assessment using computer-assisted sperm analyzer and
testicular histomorphometry, respectively. Seminiferous tubule diameter and
interstitial space distance were quantified in hematoxylin and eosin stained
slides. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and student t-test at
α0.05. Results: Fructosamine and FBG were reduced in Dia+OG (80.11±3.80µmol/L
and 132.0±8.41mg/dl, respectively) compared with Dia
(139.66±4.29µmol/L and 285.6±26.69mg/dl, respectively).
Sperm count was unchanged in Dia, but decreased in OG and Dia+OG; abnormal
sperm cells increased in OG, Dia and Dia+OG. Mild vacuolation in the
seminiferous tubule, disorganized germinal cells layer, arrested sperm
maturation with empty spermatozoa in lumen, decreased seminiferous tubule
diameter and increased interstitial space were found in the testes of OG,
Dia and Dia+OG compared with control. Conclusion: Diabetes induces sperm impairments and distortions in testicular
cytoarchitecture, which were aggravated by OG leaf extract in male Wistar
rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehu-Tijani Shittu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Seyyid Alli Shittu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Hou G, Surhio MM, Ye H, Gao X, Ye Z, Li J, Ye M. Protective effects of a Lachnum polysaccharide against liver and kidney injury induced by lead exposure in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:716-723. [PMID: 30448488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the liver and kidney protective efficacy of a Lachnum polysaccharide (LEP) against Pb-induced toxicity in mice. The results showed that LEP decreased the Pb-induced bodyweight loss and organ index. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that treatment of LEP could improve antioxidant status (CAT, GSH-Px and MDA) and the injury of tissues (liver and kidney). In addition, the histopathological observations indicated that LEP could attenuate liver and kidney cell injury induced by Pb. For further studies, key proteins involved in hepatic and kidney apoptosis, including cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TGF-β1 and α-SMA, were quantified. The present findings demonstrated that LEP is strongly effective in protecting against the liver and kidney injury induced by Pb. We hope this research can offer a theoretical base for development of polysaccharide based on nutraceutical food in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Hou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Maheen Mahwish Surhio
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongling Ye
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing 246003, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Hefei Preschool Education College, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Ziyang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Chruma JJ, Cullen DJ, Bowman L, Toy PH. Polyunsaturated fatty acid amides from the Zanthoxylum genus – from culinary curiosities to probes for chemical biology. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:54-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A critical and comprehensive review of the discovery, synthesis, and biological activities of alkamides isolated from Zanthoxylum plants and synthetic derivatives thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE)
- College of Chemistry
- Sino-British Materials Research Institute
- College of Physical Science & Technology
- Sichuan University
| | | | - Lydia Bowman
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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