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He M, Yu Y, Ning S, Han J, Guo Z. Effects of STAT4 on myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:197. [PMID: 39239743 PMCID: PMC11391519 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cardiac function by the nuclear transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) has been recently recognized. Nevertheless, the role and mechanisms of action of STAT4 in myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unknown. Consequently, the present study constructed a rat model of I/R by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Following sacrifice, the rat hearts were excised and analyzed to investigated the effects of STAT4 on I/R‑induced myocardial injury. Western blotting demonstrated that expression of STAT4 decreased significantly in the rat model of cardiac I/R and in H9C2 cells that were subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). The overexpression of STAT4 in H9C2 cells reduced cell damage and apoptosis induced by H/R. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro, the level of PI3K decreased significantly. Although the AKT protein expression levels were not altered, the AKT phosphorylation levels decreased significantly. STAT4 overexpression enhanced the expression of PI3K and AKT in the H9C2 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that STAT4 alleviated I/R‑induced myocardial injury through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R China
| | - Yuexin Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R China
| | - Shuwei Ning
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R China
| | - Jingxian Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R China
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2
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Chen Z, Jiang P, Su D, Zhao Y, Zhang M. Therapeutic inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 79:1-15. [PMID: 39179485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a group of non-specific chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions of unclear etiology. The current treatment and long-term management primarily involve biologics. Nevertheless, some patients experience treatment failure or intolerance to biologics [1], making these patients a primary focus of IBD research. The Janus kinase (JAK)-Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway is crucial to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses [2], and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. JAK inhibitors alleviate IBD by suppressing the transmission of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. As the first small-molecule oral inhibitor for IBD, JAK inhibitors greatly improved the treatment of IBD and have demonstrated significant efficacy, with tofacitinib and upadacitinib being approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) [3]. JAK inhibitors can effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation in IBD patients who have failed to receive biologics, which may bring new treatment opportunities for refractory IBD patients. This review aims to elucidate the crucial roles of JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway in IBD pathogenesis, examine its role in various cell types within IBD, and explore the research progress of JAK inhibitors as therapeutic agents, paving the road for new IBD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown, 02472, MA, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Lv J. STAT4 targets KISS1 to inhibit the oxidative damage, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in experimental PD models by inactivating the MAPK pathway. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105683. [PMID: 38341034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are proven to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). As reported, patients with PD have lower level of STAT4 compared with healthy subjects. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of STAT4 in PD pathogenesis remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the roles and related mechanisms of STAT4 in PD development. METHODS The intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (20 mg/kg) dissolved in physiological saline was performed to mimic PD-like conditions in vivo. MPP + solution was prepared for cell model of PD. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8. Griess reaction was conducted to measure NO concentrations. The mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. ROS generation was assessed by DCFH-DA. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and western blotting. Moreover, the SH-SY5Y cells were treated with conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated microglia and subjected to CCK-8 assays and ELISA. Mechanistically, CHIP assays and luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the binding relationship between KISS1 and STAT4. For in vivo analysis, the histological changes of midbrain tissues of mice were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Iba-1 positive microglial cells in the striatum were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS For in vitro analysis, STAT4 level was downregulated after MPP+ treatment, and STAT4 upregulation inhibited the oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. STAT4 bound at +215-228 region of KISS1, and KISS1 upregulation counteracted the protection of STAT4 upregulation against cell damage. Moreover, STAT4 upregulation inhibited cell viability loss and inflammation induced by conditioned medium from LPS-treated microglia, whereas KISS1 upregulation had the opposite effect. For in vivo analysis, the protective effects of STAT4 upregulation against inflammatory response, oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuronal loss and microglia activation were attenuated by KISS1 upregulation. Moreover, the inactivation of MAPK pathway caused by STAT4 upregulation was reversed by KISS1 upregulation, and MAPK inhibition attenuated the MPP+-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION STAT4 inhibits KISS1 to attenuate the oxidative damage, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in PD by inactivating the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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4
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Babaei G, Sadraei S, Yarahmadi M, Omidvari S, Aarabi A, Rajabibazl M. STAT protein family and cardiovascular diseases: overview of pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:440. [PMID: 38520542 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the significant causes of death and are considered a major concern of human society. One of the most crucial objectives of scientists is to reveal the mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of CVD, which has attracted the attention of many scientists. Accumulating evidence showed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. According to research on the molecular mechanisms of CVDs, the STAT family of proteins is one of the most crucial players in these diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated the undeniable relevance of STAT family proteins in various CVDs. The aim of this review is to shed light on how STAT signaling pathways are related to CVD and the potential for using these signaling pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Samin Sadraei
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Yarahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samareh Omidvari
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Aarabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pouyabahar D, Chung SW, Pezzutti OI, Perciani CT, Wang X, Ma XZ, Jiang C, Camat D, Chung T, Sekhon M, Manuel J, Chen XC, McGilvray ID, MacParland SA, Bader GD. A rat liver cell atlas reveals intrahepatic myeloid heterogeneity. iScience 2023; 26:108213. [PMID: 38026201 PMCID: PMC10651689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The large size and vascular accessibility of the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) make it an ideal hepatic animal model for diseases that require surgical manipulation. Often, the disease susceptibility and outcomes of inflammatory pathologies vary significantly between strains. This study uses single-cell transcriptomics to better understand the complex cellular network of the rat liver, as well as to unravel the cellular and molecular sources of inter-strain hepatic variation. We generated single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic maps of the livers of healthy Dark Agouti and Lewis rat strains and developed a factor analysis-based bioinformatics analysis pipeline to study data covariates, such as strain and batch. Using this approach, we discovered transcriptomic variation within the hepatocyte and myeloid populations that underlie distinct cell states between rat strains. This finding will help provide a reference for future investigations on strain-dependent outcomes of surgical experiment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Pouyabahar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sai W. Chung
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia I. Pezzutti
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catia T. Perciani
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xinle Wang
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xue-Zhong Ma
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chao Jiang
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damra Camat
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Chung
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manmeet Sekhon
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Manuel
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xu-Chun Chen
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian D. McGilvray
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonya A. MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D. Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Multiscale Human Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Zhang XL, Hollander CM, Khan MY, D'silva M, Ma H, Yang X, Bai R, Keeter CK, Galkina EV, Nadler JL, Stanton PK. Myeloid cell deficiency of the inflammatory transcription factor Stat4 protects long-term synaptic plasticity from the effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Commun Biol 2023; 6:967. [PMID: 37783748 PMCID: PMC10545833 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The cytokine interleukin-12 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (Stat4), and consumption of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFD-C) and Stat4 activity are associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis, and a diabetic metabolic phenotype. In studies of in vitro hippocampal slices from control Stat4fl/flLdlr-/- mice fed a HFD-C diabetogenic diet, we show that Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses exhibited larger reductions in activity-dependent, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, compared to mice fed a standard diet. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity shifts produced by HFD-C diet were reduced in Stat4ΔLysMLdlr-/- mice compared to Stat4fl/flLdlr-/- controls. Stat4ΔLysMLdlr-/- mice, which lack Stat4 under control of the LysMCre promoter, were resistant to HFD-C induced impairments in LTP. In contrast, Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in Stat4ΔLysMLdlr-/- mice fed the HFD-C diet showed larger LTP than control Stat4fl/flLdlr-/- mice. Expression of a number of neuroinflammatory and synaptic plasticity genes was reduced by HFD-C diet in control mice, and less affected by HFD-C diet in Stat4ΔLysMLdlr-/- mice. These data suggest that suppression of Stat4 activation may protect against effects of Western diet on cognition, type 2 diabetes, and reduce risk of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Callie M Hollander
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Mohammad Yasir Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Haoqin Ma
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Robin Bai
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Coles K Keeter
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- ACOS-Research VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, 95655, USA
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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Hu W, Li P, Zeng N, Tan S. Exploring the hub mechanisms of ischemic stroke based on protein-protein interaction networks related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1741. [PMID: 36720935 PMCID: PMC9887582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is highly concerning because it often leads to severe long-term neurological disability. Among clinical trials, ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease interactions have been increasingly reported in recent years. Therefore, using bioinformatics approaches to explore novel protein interactions between them is of interest. We performed this exploratory analysis by using bioinformatics tools such as string to analyze gene data downloaded from NHGRI-GWAS data related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. We constructed a prospective protein interaction network for ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease, identifying cytokine and interleukin-related signaling pathways, Spliceosome, Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), Thrombus, and Anticoagulation pathways as the crucial biological mechanisms of the network. Furthermore, we also used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) to detect differential protein expression in eight samples, which also suggested that immune system, signal transduction, and hemostasis-related pathways are key signaling pathways. These findings may provide a basis for understanding the interaction between these two states and exploring possible molecular and therapeutic studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Nianju Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Sheng Tan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Shi H, Wu H, Winkler MA, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Lee R, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Perivascular adipose tissue in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106354. [PMID: 35842184 PMCID: PMC10184774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) resides at the outermost boundary of the vascular wall, surrounding most conduit blood vessels, except for the cerebral vessels, in humans. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation localized within PVAT may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, etc., exhibit heightened systemic inflammation and are at increased risk for CVD. Data from clinical studies in patients with ARDs support a linkage between dysfunctional adipose tissue, and PVAT in particular, in disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the data linking PVAT to the pathogenesis of CVD in patients with ARDs, focusing on the role of novel PVAT imaging techniques in defining disease risk and responses to biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hanping Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael A Winkler
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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9
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Li X, Ma Z, Zhu YZ. Regional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Morphology, Origin, and Secretome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697720. [PMID: 34239444 PMCID: PMC8259882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot with local and systemic impacts. PVATs are anatomically, developmentally, and functionally different from classical adipose tissues and they are also different from each other. PVAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors and precursors. They can produce and secrete a wide range of autocrine and paracrine factors, many of which are vasoactive modulators. In the context of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, these phenotypic and functional differences become more evident. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of PVAT’s heterogeneity by comparing commonly studied adipose tissues around the thoracic aorta (tPVAT), abdominal aorta (aPVAT), and mesenteric artery (mPVAT). Distinct origins and developmental trajectory of PVAT adipocyte potentially contribute to regional heterogeneity. Regional differences also exist in ways how PVAT communicates with its neighboring vasculature by producing specific adipokines, vascular tone regulators, and extracellular vesicles in a given microenvironment. These insights may inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting the PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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10
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BMP4-mediated browning of perivascular adipose tissue governs an anti-inflammatory program and prevents atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101979. [PMID: 33895484 PMCID: PMC8099561 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) impairs endothelial function and enhances atherosclerosis. However, the roles of PVAT thermoregulation in vascular inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis remains unclear. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) transforms white adipocyte to beige adipocyte, while promotes a brown-to-white shift in inter-scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we found that knockdown of BMP4 in PVAT reduced expression of brown adipocyte-characteristic genes and increased endothelial inflammation in vitro co-culture system. Ablating BMP4 expression either in adipose tissues or specifically in BAT in ApoE−/− mice demonstrated a marked exacerbation of atherosclerotic plaque formation in vivo. We further demonstrated that proinflammatory factors (especially IL-1β) increased in the supernatant of BMP4 knockdown adipocytes. Overexpression of BMP4 in adipose tissues promotes browning of PVAT and protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. These findings uncover an organ crosstalk between PVAT and blood endothelial cells that is engaged in atherosclerosis. BMP4 expression positively correlates with browning but negatively with coronary artery disease. BMP4 KO leads to impaired PVAT metabolism and atherosclerosis. Impaired PVAT metabolism mainly induces atherosclerosis by activating inflammation rather than increasing blood lipids. Impaired PVAT metabolism drive local inflammation by inducing the secretion of adipocyte-derived proinflammatory factors.
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11
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Reid S, Hagberg N, Sandling JK, Alexsson A, Pucholt P, Sjöwall C, Lerang K, Jönsen A, Gunnarsson I, Syvänen AC, Troldborg AM, Voss A, Bengtsson AA, Molberg Ø, Jacobsen S, Svenungsson E, Rönnblom L, Leonard D. Interaction between the STAT4 rs11889341(T) risk allele and smoking confers increased risk of myocardial infarction and nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1183-1189. [PMID: 33766895 PMCID: PMC8372395 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate how genetics influence the risk of smoking-related systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) manifestations. Methods Patients with SLE (ndiscovery cohort=776, nreplication cohort=836) were genotyped using the 200K Immunochip single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) Array (Illumina) and a custom array. Sixty SNPs with SLE association (p<5.0×10−8) were analysed. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) activation was assessed in in vitro stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls (n=45). Results In the discovery cohort, smoking was associated with myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.09 to 3.55)), with a greater effect in patients carrying any rs11889341 STAT4 risk allele (OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.24 to 6.00)) or two risk alleles (OR 8.27 (95% CI 1.48 to 46.27)). Smokers carrying the risk allele also displayed an increased risk of nephritis (OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.03)). In the replication cohort, the high risk of MI in smokers carrying the risk allele and the association between the STAT4 risk allele and nephritis in smokers were confirmed (OR 6.19 (95% CI 1.29 to 29.79) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.29), respectively). The interaction between smoking and the STAT4 risk allele resulted in further increase in the risk of MI (OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.62)) and nephritis (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.17)), with 54% (MI) and 34% (nephritis) of the risk attributable to the interaction. Levels of interleukin-12-induced phosphorylation of STAT4 in CD8+ T cells were higher in smokers than in non-smokers (mean geometric fluorescence intensity 1063 vs 565, p=0.0063). Lastly, the IL12A rs564799 risk allele displayed association with MI in both cohorts (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.31) and 2.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 4.26), respectively). Conclusions Smoking in the presence of the STAT4 risk gene variant appears to increase the risk of MI and nephritis in SLE. Our results also highlight the role of the IL12−STAT4 pathway in SLE-cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Reid
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hagberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Sandling
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Alexsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Karoline Lerang
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Margrethe Troldborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Voss
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Winkels H, Wolf D. Heterogeneity of T Cells in Atherosclerosis Defined by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Cytometry by Time of Flight. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:549-563. [PMID: 33267666 PMCID: PMC7837690 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.312137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration and accumulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory leukocytes within the intimal layer of the arterial wall is a hallmark of developing and progressing atherosclerosis. While traditionally perceived as macrophage- and foam cell-dominated disease, it is now established that atherosclerosis is a partial autoimmune disease that involves the recognition of peptides from ApoB (apolipoprotein B), the core protein of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol particles, by CD4+ T-helper cells and autoantibodies against LDL and ApoB. Autoimmunity in the atherosclerotic plaque has long been understood as a pathogenic T-helper type-1 driven response with proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Recent developments in high-parametric cell immunophenotyping by mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and in tools exploring antigen-specificity have established the existence of several unforeseen layers of T-cell diversity with mixed TH1 and T regulatory cells transcriptional programs and unpredicted fates. These findings suggest that pathogenic ApoB-reactive T cells evolve from atheroprotective and immunosuppressive CD4+ T regulatory cells that lose their protective properties over time. Here, we discuss T-cell heterogeneity in atherosclerosis with a focus on plasticity, antigen-specificity, exhaustion, maturation, tissue residency, and its potential use in clinical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Ali M, Bakr MH, Abdelzaher LA, Sayed SA, Mali V, Desai AA, Radwan E. Lisofylline mitigates cardiac inflammation in a mouse model of obesity through improving insulin secretion and activating cardiac AMPK signaling pathway. Cytokine 2020; 138:155398. [PMID: 33341003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a leading cause of death in the last few decades, mainly due to associated cardiovascular diseases. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance are strongly interlinked. Lisofylline (LSF), an anti-inflammatory agent, demonstrated protection against type 1 diabetes, as well as reduced obesity-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. However, its role in mitigating cardiac inflammation associated with obesity is not well studied. Mice were divided into 4 groups; the first group was fed regular chow diet, the second was fed regular chow diet and treated with LSF, the third was fed high fat diet (HFD), and the fourth was fed HFD and treated with LSF. Cardiac inflammation was interrogated via expression levels of TNF α, interleukins 6 and 10, phosphorylated STAT4 and lipoxygenases 12 and 12/15. Apoptosis and expression of the survival gene, AMPK, were also evaluated. We observed that LSF alleviated obesity-induced cardiac injury indirectly by improving both pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity, as well as, directly via upregulation of cardiac AMPK expression and downregulation of cardiac inflammation and apoptosis. LSF may represent an effective therapy targeting obesity-induced metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Bakr
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Vishal Mali
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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14
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Jiang Y, Xin X, Pan X, Zhang A, Zhang Z, Li J, Yuan X. STAT4 targets KISS1 to promote the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:135. [PMID: 33218349 PMCID: PMC7679982 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, it is known that the estradiol-17β (E2) is mainly synthetized in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), and the excessive apoptosis of GCs induces the follicular atresia. Many studies have implicated the essential role of KISS1, with the pro-synthetic effect of E2 and the anti-apoptotic effect on GCs, in the mammalian folliculogenesis, and several STAT4 potential binding sites were previously predicted on the promoter of KISS1 in pigs. However, the biological effects of STAT4 on GCs and the molecular regulation between STAT4 and KISS1 remained largely unknown. Methods Using the porcine GCs as the cellular model, the overexpression plasmid, small interfering RNA, 5′-deletion and luciferase assay were applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms for STAT4 regulating the expression of KISS1. Results In this study, the STAT4 negatively regulated the mRNA and protein levels of KISS1 in porcine GCs, and the mRNA level of STAT4 was observed to significantly decrease from immature to mature follicles, which was inversed with that of KISS1. The relative luciferase activity of KISS1 promoter was significantly increased with deletion of the fourth potential binding site (− 305/− 295), and ChIP further confirmed that the STAT4 bound at − 305/− 295 region of KISS1. Besides, the STAT4 significantly regulated the mRNA levels of PDK1, FOXO3 and TSC2 of PI3K signaling pathway to promote the cell apoptosis and the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle in GCs. Alternatively, the STAT4 significantly decreased the mRNA levels of CYP17, 3B-HSD, 17B-33 HSD, ESR1, and ESR2, as well as the concentration of E2 in GCs. Furthermore, interfering with the expression of STAT4 was observed to significantly stimulate the pro-synthetic effect of E2 and anti-apoptotic effect of KISS1 in GCs. Conclusions Collectively, the STAT4 might directly target at − 305/− 295 region of KISS1 to negatively regulate the transcription of KISS1, promote the cell apoptosis via PI3K signaling pathway, suppress the synthesis of E2 through the estrogen signaling pathway in porcine GCs. These proposed works could provide useful insight in further investigations on the molecular functionalities of STAT4 and KISS1 in the folliculogenesis of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering/Development, Center of Applied Ecology and Ecological Engineering in Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Piyadasa H, Lloyd D, Lee AHY, Altieri A, Hemshekhar M, Osawa N, Basu S, Blimkie T, Falsafi R, Halayko AJ, Hancock REW, Mookherjee N. Characterization of immune responses and the lung transcriptome in a murine model of IL-33 challenge. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165950. [PMID: 32841733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 induces airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in respiratory diseases. Although defined as a therapeutic target, there are limited studies that have comprehensively investigated IL-33-mediated responses in the lungs in vivo. In this study, we characterized immunological and physiological responses induced by intranasal IL-33 challenge, in a mouse model. We identified specific cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10 and MIP1-α, that are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues by IL-33. Using transcriptomics (RNA-Seq) we demonstrated that 2279 transcripts were up-regulated and 1378 downregulated (≥ 2-fold, p < 0.01) in lung tissues, in response to IL-33. Bioinformatic interrogation of the RNA-Seq data was used to predict biological pathways and upstream regulators involved in IL-33-mediated responses. We showed that the mRNA and protein of STAT4, a predicted upstream regulator of IL-33-induced transcripts, was significantly enhanced in the lungs following IL-33 challenge. Overall, this study provides specific IL-33-induced molecular targets and endpoints that can be used as a resource for in vivo studies, e.g. in preclinical murine models examining novel interventions to target downstream effects of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeesha Piyadasa
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Dylan Lloyd
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Lee
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Anthony Altieri
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Natasha Osawa
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Travis Blimkie
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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16
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Zhang T, Chen J, Tang X, Luo Q, Xu D, Yu B. Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:223. [PMID: 31842884 PMCID: PMC6913018 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Gharakhanian R, Su S, Aprahamian T. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Deficiency in Perivascular Adipose Tissue Impairs Macrovascular Function. Front Physiol 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 31258484 PMCID: PMC6587635 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to release factors that influence the functioning of neighboring vascular tissue. Cardiovascular complications of obesity are on the rise; therefore, this study set out to determine if adipose-specific ablation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays a role in the maintenance of aortic structure and function. Methods: Adipose-specific VEGF-A-deficient mice were previously generated. Fabp4cre(+). VEGFflox/flox and Fabp4cre(−). VEGFflox/flox mice were maintained on chow diet. PVAT gene expression was measured with real-time quantitative PCR. Aortic vasomotor response was assessed with isometric tension measurements. Collagen deposition was analyzed histologically in the vascular media and compared using ratiometric pigment density. Results: PVAT-specific adiponectin expression was decreased in Fabp4cre(+). VEGFflox/flox mice. Isometric tension measurements revealed a dose-dependent dysfunction in response to acetylcholine within the distal aortic segment of Fabp4cre(+). VEGFflox/flox. Fabp4cre(+). VEGFflox/flox mice exhibited increased aortic deposition of collagen within the thoracic adventitial and medial spaces. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that decreased expression of VEGF-A within the surrounding adipose tissue microenvironment of the thoracic aorta has a detrimental effect on aortic integrity and vascular function. Modulation of angiogenic pathways within PVAT may offer an important avenue toward the treatment of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and its vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffi Gharakhanian
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shi Su
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tamar Aprahamian
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,The Center for Metabolic Health, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Huda N, Hosen MI, Yasmin T, Sarkar PK, Hasan AKMM, Nabi AHMN. Genetic variation of the transcription factor GATA3, not STAT4, is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in the Bangladeshi population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198507. [PMID: 30044774 PMCID: PMC6059405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder caused by environmental factors and has a strong association with hereditary issues. These hereditary issues result in an imbalance in CD4+T cells and a decreased level of naïve CD4+T cells, which may be critical in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Transcription factors GATA3 and STAT4 mediate the cytokine-induced development of naïve T cells into Th1 or Th2 types. In the present study, genetic analyses of GATA3 SNP rs3824662 and STAT4 SNP rs10181656 were performed to investigate the association of allelic and genotypic variations with the risk of T2D in the Bangladeshi population. A total of 297 unrelated Bangladeshi patients with type 2 diabetes and 247 healthy individuals were included in the study. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs10181656 located in the STAT4 gene were not found to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. The GATA3 rs3824662 T allele and mutant TT genotype had a significant association with the risk of T2D [OR: 1.52 (1.15–2.02), X2 = 8.66, p = 0.003 and OR: 2.98 (1.36–6.55), X2 = 7.98, p = 0.04, respectively]. Thus, the present study postulates that the genetic variation of the transcription factor GATA3, not STAT4, is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in the Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiul Huda
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ismail Hosen
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahirah Yasmin
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - A. K. M. Mahbub Hasan
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A. H. M. Nurun Nabi
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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19
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Guzik TJ, Cosentino F. Epigenetics and Immunometabolism in Diabetes and Aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:257-274. [PMID: 28891325 PMCID: PMC6012980 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A strong relationship between hyperglycemia, impaired insulin pathway, and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Immunometabolic pathways link these pathogenic processes and pose important potential therapeutic targets. Recent Advances: The link between immunity and metabolism is bidirectional and includes the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as T2D, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension and the role of metabolic factors in regulation of immune cell functions. Low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, balance between superoxide and nitric oxide, and the infiltration of macrophages, T cells, and B cells in insulin-sensitive tissues lead to metabolic impairment and accelerated aging. CRITICAL ISSUES Inflammatory infiltrate and altered immune cell phenotype precede development of metabolic disorders. Inflammatory changes are tightly linked to alterations in metabolic status and energy expenditure and are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better comprehension of these mechanistic insights is of utmost importance to identify novel molecular targets. In this study, we describe a complex scenario of epigenetic changes and immunometabolism linking to diabetes and aging-associated vascular disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 257-274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Guzik
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Research (ICAMS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Guzik TJ, Skiba DS, Touyz RM, Harrison DG. The role of infiltrating immune cells in dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1009-1023. [PMID: 28838042 PMCID: PMC5852626 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by loss of its homeostatic functions, is a hallmark of non-communicable diseases. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is observed in obesity, metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. While classically it has been identified by increased cytokine or chemokine expression, such as increased MCP-1, RANTES, IL-6, interferon (IFN) gamma or TNFα, mechanistically, immune cell infiltration is a prominent feature of the dysfunctional AT. These immune cells include M1 and M2 macrophages, effector and memory T cells, IL-10 producing FoxP3+ T regulatory cells, natural killer and NKT cells and granulocytes. Immune composition varies, depending on the stage and the type of pathology. Infiltrating immune cells not only produce cytokines but also metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species, and chemokines that participate in tissue remodelling, cell signalling, and regulation of immunity. The presence of inflammatory cells in AT affects adjacent tissues and organs. In blood vessels, perivascular AT inflammation leads to vascular remodelling, superoxide production, endothelial dysfunction with loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, contributing to vascular disease, atherosclerosis, and plaque instability. Dysfunctional AT also releases adipokines such as leptin, resistin, and visfatin that promote metabolic dysfunction, alter systemic homeostasis, sympathetic outflow, glucose handling, and insulin sensitivity. Anti-inflammatory and protective adiponectin is reduced. AT may also serve as an important reservoir and possible site of activation in autoimmune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. Thus, reciprocal regulation between immune cell infiltration and AT dysfunction is a promising future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik S Skiba
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Harrison
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Hu W, Lv J, Han M, Yang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Yang Y. STAT3: The art of multi-tasking of metabolic and immune functions in obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Nosalski R, Guzik TJ. Perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in vascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3496-3513. [PMID: 28063251 PMCID: PMC5610164 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In vascular pathologies, perivascular adipose tissue increases in volume and becomes dysfunctional, with altered cellular composition and molecular characteristics. PVAT dysfunction is characterized by its inflammatory character, oxidative stress, diminished production of vaso-protective adipocyte-derived relaxing factors and increased production of paracrine factors such as resistin, leptin, cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines [RANTES (CCL5) and MCP-1 (CCL2)]. These adipocyte-derived factors initiate and orchestrate inflammatory cell infiltration including primarily T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and NK cells. Protective factors such as adiponectin can reduce NADPH oxidase superoxide production and increase NO bioavailability in the vessel wall, while inflammation (e.g. IFN-γ or IL-17) induces vascular oxidases and eNOS dysfunction in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. All of these events link the dysfunctional perivascular fat to vascular dysfunction. These mechanisms are important in the context of a number of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Inflammatory changes in PVAT's molecular and cellular responses are uniquely different from classical visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue or from adventitia, emphasizing the unique structural and functional features of this adipose tissue compartment. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques for monitoring the characteristics of PVAT and assessing its inflammation. This will lead to a better understanding of the early stages of vascular pathologies and the development of new therapeutic strategies focusing on perivascular adipose tissue. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowScotlandUK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural MedicineJagiellonian University, Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowScotlandUK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural MedicineJagiellonian University, Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
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23
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Cunnion KM, Krishna NK, Pallera HK, Pineros-Fernandez A, Rivera MG, Hair PS, Lassiter BP, Huyck R, Clements MA, Hood AF, Rodeheaver GT, Cottler PS, Nadler JL, Dobrian AD. Complement Activation and STAT4 Expression Are Associated with Early Inflammation in Diabetic Wounds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170500. [PMID: 28107529 PMCID: PMC5249255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic non-healing wounds are a major clinical problem. The mechanisms leading to poor wound healing in diabetes are multifactorial but unresolved inflammation may be a major contributing factor. The complement system (CS) is the most potent inflammatory cascade in humans and contributes to poor wound healing in animal models. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a transcription factor expressed in immune and adipose cells and contributes to upregulation of some inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Persistent CS and STAT4 expression in diabetic wounds may thus contribute to chronic inflammation and delayed healing. The purpose of this study was to characterize CS and STAT4 in early diabetic wounds using db/db mice as a diabetic skin wound model. The CS was found to be activated early in the diabetic wounds as demonstrated by increased anaphylatoxin C5a in wound fluid and C3-fragment deposition by immunostaining. These changes were associated with a 76% increase in nucleated cells in the wounds of db/db mice vs. CONTROLS The novel classical CS inhibitor, Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 (PIC1) reduced inflammation when added directly or saturated in an acellular skin scaffold, as reflected by reduced CS components and leukocyte infiltration. A significant increase in expression of STAT4 and the downstream macrophage chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 were also found in the early wounds of db/db mice compared to non-diabetic controls. These studies provide evidence for two new promising targets to reduce unresolved inflammation and to improve healing of diabetic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji M. Cunnion
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Children’s Specialty Group, Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Neel K. Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Haree K. Pallera
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Angela Pineros-Fernandez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Magdielis Gregory Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Pamela S. Hair
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Brittany P. Lassiter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Ryan Huyck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Mary A. Clements
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Antoinette F. Hood
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - George T. Rodeheaver
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Patrick S. Cottler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Anca D. Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
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