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Zhou Y, Fichman Y, Zhang S, Mittler R, Chen SJ. Modeling the reactive oxygen species (ROS) wave in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii colonies. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:165-172. [PMID: 38851517 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role as signaling molecules in both plant and animal cells, enabling rapid responses to various stimuli. Among the many cellular mechanisms used to generate and transduce ROS signals, ROS-induced-ROS release (RIRR) is emerging as an important pathway involved in the responses of various multicellular and unicellular organisms to environmental stresses. In RIRR, one cellular compartment, organelle, or cell generates or releases ROS, triggering an increased ROS production and release by another compartment, organelle, or cell, thereby giving rise to a fast propagating ROS wave. This RIRR-based signal relay has been demonstrated to facilitate mitochondria-to-mitochondria communication in animal cells and long-distance systemic signaling in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. More recently, it has been discovered that different unicellular microorganism communities also exhibit a RIRR cell-to-cell signaling process triggered by a localized stress treatment. However, the precise mechanism underlying the propagation of the ROS signal among cells within these unicellular communities remained elusive. In this study, we employed a reaction-diffusion model incorporating the RIRR mechanism to analyze the propagation of ROS-mediated signals. By effectively balancing production and scavenging processes, our model successfully reproduces the experimental ROS signal velocities observed in unicellular green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) colonies grown on agar plates, furthering our understanding of intercellular ROS communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yosef Fichman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biochemistry, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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2
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Sureshan M, Rajamanikandan S, Saraboji K. Comprehensive approach to in silico identification and in vitro validation of anti-filarial hit molecules targeting the dimer interface of thioredoxin peroxidase 1 in Wuchereria bancrofti: a progress in anti-filariasis drug development. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10922-9. [PMID: 38954071 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains a significant health challenge for populations in developing countries. LF is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly caused by the filarial nematode, Wuchereria bancrofti, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Since the present drugs develop complications, including adverse side effects, lack of specificity, and development of drug resistance, the present study focused on developing the potential anti-filariasis drugs targeting crucial proteins for the nematode life cycle. We have identified the therapeutic compounds by targeting the enzyme thioredoxin peroxidase 1 (WbTPx1), which facilitates the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water, an essential mechanism by which the nematode survives against oxidative stress in the host. This approach might resolve treatment efficacy and activity difficulties at various stages of filarial parasitic worms. We modeled the structure of WbTPx1 and employed the structure-based virtual screening approach, focusing on the dimer interface region of the protein. ADMET prediction profiles of the non-toxic, top-ranked hits with higher docking scores demonstrate higher affinity to the nematode protein than its human homolog. The molecular dynamic simulation studies show WbTPx1-hit complexes' stability and the intactness of hits in the binding site. Further, in vitro validation of identified hits using Setaria digitata, a cattle nematode, showed better IC50 and higher inhibition than the standard drug ivermectin, indicating the potential to inhibit enzyme activity and the development of drug candidates for controlling LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Sureshan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Sundarraj Rajamanikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Kadhirvel Saraboji
- Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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3
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Raihan MT, Ishikawa T. Biochemical and Functional Profiling of Thioredoxin-Dependent Cytosolic GPX-like Proteins in Euglena gracilis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:765. [PMID: 39062479 PMCID: PMC11275057 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlike plants and animals, the phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis lacks catalase and contains a non-selenocysteine glutathione peroxidase-like protein (EgGPXL), two peroxiredoxins (EgPrx1 and EgPrx4), and one ascorbate peroxidase in the cytosol to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of three cytosolic EgGPXLs was obtained and further characterized biochemically and functionally. These EgGPXLs used thioredoxin instead of glutathione as an electron donor to reduce the levels of H2O2 and t-BOOH. The specific peroxidase activities of these enzymes for H2O2 and t-BOOH were 1.3 to 4.9 and 0.79 to 3.5 µmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Cytosolic EgGPXLs and EgPrx1/EgPrx4 were silenced simultaneously to investigate the synergistic effects of these genes on the physiological function of E. gracilis. The suppression of cytosolic EgGPXL genes was unable to induce any critical phenomena in Euglena under normal (100 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and high-light conditions (350 μmol photons m-2 s-1) at both autotrophic and heterotrophic states. Unexpectedly, the suppression of EgGPXL genes was able to rescue the EgPrx1/EgPrx4-silenced cell line from a critical situation. This study explored the potential resilience of Euglena to ROS, even with restriction of the cytosolic antioxidant system, indicating the involvement of some compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Topu Raihan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Tyagi S, Shumayla, Sharma Y, Madhu, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. TaGPX1-D overexpression provides salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111881. [PMID: 37806453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are known to play an essential role in guarding cells against oxidative stress by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. The current study aims functional characterization of the TaGPX1-D gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) for salinity and osmotic stress tolerance. To achieve this, we initially performed the spot assays of TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells. The growth of recombinant TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells was notably higher than the control cells under stress conditions. Later, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the TaGPX1-D gene and investigated their tolerance to various stress conditions. The transgenic plants exhibited improved tolerance to both salinity and osmotic stresses compared to the wild-type plants. The higher germination rates, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, improved chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and relative water contents, and reduced hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels in the transgenic lines supported the stress tolerance mechanism. Overall, this study demonstrated the role of TaGPX1-D in abiotic stress tolerance, and it can be used for improving the tolerance of crops to environmental stressors, such as salinity and osmotic stress in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shumayla
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhu
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Alhasan R, Martins GM, de Castro PP, Saleem RSZ, Zaiter A, Fries-Raeth I, Kleinclauss A, Perrin-Sarrado C, Chaimbault P, da Silva Júnior EN, Gaucher C, Jacob C. Selenoneine-inspired selenohydantoins with glutathione peroxidase-like activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117479. [PMID: 37769443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular illness have been linked to a decrease in selenium levels and an increase in oxidative stress. Selenium is an essential trace element that exhibits antioxidant properties, with selenocysteine enzymes like glutathione peroxidase being particularly effective at reducing peroxides. In this study, a series of synthetic organoselenium compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antioxidant activities. The new selenohydantoin molecules were inspired by selenoneine and synthesized using straightforward methods. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated and proven using classical radical scavenging and metal-reducing methods. The selenohydantoin derivatives exhibited glutathione peroxidase-like activity, reducing hydroperoxides. Theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) revealed the selenone isomer to be the only one occurring in solution, with selenolate as a possible tautomeric form in the presence of a basic species. Cytocompatibility assays indicated that the selenohydantoin derivatives were non-toxic to primary human aortic smooth muscle cells, paving the way for further biological evaluations of their antioxidant activity. The results suggest that selenohydantoin derivatives with trifluoro-methyl (-CF3) and chlorine (-Cl) substituents have significant activities and could be potential candidates for further biological trials. These compounds may contribute to the development of effective therapies for chronic diseases such cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alhasan
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Guilherme M Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, UFSCar, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro P de Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, UFSCar, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Sciences and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zaiter
- Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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Li Q, Fu D, Zhou Y, Li Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Wan Y, Huang Z, Zhao H. Individual and combined effects of herbicide prometryn and nitrate enrichment at environmentally relevant concentrations on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and endosymbiont community diversity of coral Acropora hyacinthus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139729. [PMID: 37543226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and pesticides such as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicides have several detrimental impacts on coral reefs, including breakdown of the symbiosis between host corals and photosynthetic symbionts. Although nitrogen and PSII herbicide pollution separately cause coral bleaching, the combined effects of these stressors at environmentally relevant concentrations on corals have not been assessed. Here, we report the combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicide (prometryn) exposure on photosynthesis, oxidative status and endosymbiont community diversity of the reef-building coral Acropora hyacinthus. Coral fragments were exposed in a mesocosm system to nitrate enrichment (9 μmol/L) and two prometryn concentrations (1 and 5 μg/L). The results showed that sustained prometryn exposure in combination with nitrate enrichment stress had significant detrimental impacts on photosynthetic apparatus [the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and oxidative status in the short term. Nevertheless, the adaptive mechanism of corals allowed the normal physiological state to be recovered following 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment individual exposure. Moreover, exposure for 9 days was insufficient to trigger a shift in Symbiodiniaceae community. Most importantly, the negative impact of exposure to the combined environmental concentrations of 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment was found to be significantly greater on the Fv/Fm, quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)], NPQ, and oxidative status of corals compared to the impact of individual stressors. Our results show that interactions between prometryn stress and nitrate enrichment have a synergistic impact on the photosynthetic and oxidative stress responses of corals. This study provides valuable insights into combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicides pollution for coral's physiology. Environmental concentrations of PSII herbicides may be more harmful to photosystems and antioxidant systems of corals under nitrate enrichment stress. Thus, future research and management of seawater quality stressors should consider combined impacts on corals rather than just the impacts of individual stressors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Dinghui Fu
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Zhaofan Wang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zanhui Huang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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7
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Teh JT, Leitz V, Holzer VJC, Neusius D, Marino G, Meitzel T, García-Cerdán JG, Dent RM, Niyogi KK, Geigenberger P, Nickelsen J. NTRC regulates CP12 to activate Calvin-Benson cycle during cold acclimation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306338120. [PMID: 37549282 PMCID: PMC10433458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306338120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) is a chloroplast redox regulator in algae and plants. Here, we used site-specific mutation analyses of the thioredoxin domain active site of NTRC in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to show that NTRC mediates cold tolerance in a redox-dependent manner. By means of coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, a redox- and cold-dependent binding of the Calvin-Benson Cycle Protein 12 (CP12) to NTRC was identified. NTRC was subsequently demonstrated to directly reduce CP12 of C. reinhardtii as well as that of the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro. As a scaffold protein, CP12 joins the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to form an autoinhibitory supracomplex. Using size-exclusion chromatography, NTRC from both organisms was shown to control the integrity of this complex in vitro and thereby PRK and GAPDH activities in the cold. Thus, NTRC apparently reduces CP12, hence triggering the dissociation of the PRK/CP12/GAPDH complex in the cold. Like the ntrc::aphVIII mutant, CRISPR-based cp12::emx1 mutants also exhibited a redox-dependent cold phenotype. In addition, CP12 deletion resulted in robust decreases in both PRK and GAPDH protein levels implying a protein protection effect of CP12. Both CP12 functions are critical for preparing a repertoire of enzymes for rapid activation in response to environmental changes. This provides a crucial mechanism for cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tsong Teh
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
| | - Verena Leitz
- Department of Plant Metabolism, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
| | - Victoria J. C. Holzer
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
| | - Daniel Neusius
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
| | - Giada Marino
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
| | - Tobias Meitzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben06466, Germany
| | - José G. García-Cerdán
- HHMI, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3102
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3102
| | - Rachel M. Dent
- HHMI, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3102
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3102
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- HHMI, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3102
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3102
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department of Plant Metabolism, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg82152, Germany
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Ferenc K, Filip R. Antioxidants as Protection against Reactive Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040573. [PMID: 37110231 PMCID: PMC10146410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) belongs to a group of chronic diseases characterised by periods of exacerbation and remission. Despite many studies and observations, its aetiopathogenesis is still not fully understood. The interactions of genetic, immunological, microbiological, and environmental factors can induce disease development and progression, but there is still a lack of information on these mechanisms. One of the components that can increase the risk of occurrence of IBD, as well as disease progression, is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. The endogenous and exogenous components that make up the body's antioxidant defence can significantly affect IBD prophylaxis and reduce the risk of exacerbation by neutralising and removing ROS, as well as influencing the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Carbó M, Chaturvedi P, Álvarez A, Pineda-Cevallos D, Ghatak A, González PR, Cañal MJ, Weckwerth W, Valledor L. Ferroptosis is the key cellular process mediating Bisphenol A responses in Chlamydomonas and a promising target for enhancing microalgae-based bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130997. [PMID: 36860062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are one of the major pollutants in aquatic environments. Among their components, Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most abundant and dangerous, leading to endocrine disorders deriving even in different types of cancer in mammals. However, despite this evidence, the xenobiotic effects of BPA over plantae and microalgae still need to be better understood at the molecular level. To fill this gap, we characterized the physiological and proteomic response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during long-term BPA exposure by analyzing physiological and biochemical parameters combined with proteomics. BPA imbalanced iron and redox homeostasis, disrupting cell function and triggering ferroptosis. Intriguingly, this microalgae defense against this pollutant is recovering at both molecular and physiological levels while starch accumulation at 72 h of BPA exposure. In this work, we addressed the molecular mechanisms involved in BPA exposure, demonstrating for the first time the induction of ferroptosis in a eukaryotic alga and how ROS detoxification mechanisms and other specific proteomic rearrangements reverted this situation. These results are of great significance not only for understanding the BPA toxicology or exploring the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in microalgae but also for defining novel target genes for microplastic bioremediation efficient strain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carbó
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Álvarez
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - María Jesús Cañal
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Valledor
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Bela K, Riyazuddin R, Csiszár J. Plant Glutathione Peroxidases: Non-Heme Peroxidases with Large Functional Flexibility as a Core Component of ROS-Processing Mechanisms and Signalling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081624. [PMID: 36009343 PMCID: PMC9404953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are non-heme peroxidases catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or corresponding alcohols using glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (TRX) as a reducing agent. In contrast to animal GPXs, the plant enzymes are non-seleno monomeric proteins that generally utilize TRX more effectively than GSH but can be a putative link between the two main redox systems. Because of the substantial differences compared to non-plant GPXs, use of the GPX-like (GPXL) name was suggested for Arabidopsis enzymes. GPX(L)s not only can protect cells from stress-induced oxidative damages but are crucial components of plant development and growth. Due to fine-tuning the H2O2 metabolism and redox homeostasis, they are involved in the whole life cycle even under normal growth conditions. Significantly new mechanisms were discovered related to their transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications by describing gene regulatory networks, interacting microRNA families, or identifying Lys decrotonylation in enzyme activation. Their involvement in epigenetic mechanisms was evidenced. Detailed genetic, evolutionary, and bio-chemical characterization, and comparison of the main functions of GPXs, demonstrated their species-specific roles. The multisided involvement of GPX(L)s in the regulation of the entire plant life ensure that their significance will be more widely recognized and applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jolán Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Ursini F, Bosello Travain V, Cozza G, Miotto G, Roveri A, Toppo S, Maiorino M. A white paper on Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx4) forty years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:117-133. [PMID: 35718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purification of a protein inhibiting lipid peroxidation led to the discovery of the selenoperoxidase GPx4 forty years ago. Thus, the evidence of the enzymatic activity was reached after identifying the biological effect and unambiguously defined the relationship between the biological function and the enzymatic activity. In the syllogism where GPx4 inhibits lipid peroxidation and its inhibition is lethal, cell death is operated by lipid peroxidation. Based on this rationale, this form of cell death emerged as regulated iron-enforced oxygen toxicity and was named ferroptosis in 2012. In the last decades, we learned that reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is indispensable and, in cooperation with prooxidant systems, controls the critical steady state of lipid peroxidation. This concept defined the GPx4 reaction as both the target for possible anti-cancer therapy and if insufficient, as cause of degenerative diseases. We know the reaction mechanism, but the details of the interaction at the membrane cytosol interface are still poorly defined. We know the gene structure, but the knowledge about expression control is still limited. The same holds true for post-transcriptional modifications. Reverse genetics indicate that GPx4 has a role in inflammation, immunity, and differentiation, but the observations emerging from these studies need a more specifically addressed biochemical evidence. Finally, the role of GPx4 in spermatogenesis disclosed an area unconnected to lipid peroxidation. In its mitochondrial and nuclear form, the peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protein thiols in two specific aspects of sperm maturation: stabilization of the mid-piece and chromatin compaction. Thus, although available evidence converges to the notion that GPx4 activity is vital due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, it is reasonable to foresee other unknown aspects of the GPx4 reaction to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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12
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Nowicka B. Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16860-16911. [PMID: 35006558 PMCID: PMC8873139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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13
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Chae U, Kim B, Kim H, Park YH, Lee SH, Kim SU, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin-6 regulates p38-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCT116 colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2021; 28:22. [PMID: 34814951 PMCID: PMC8609821 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from oxidative stress induced by several factors. They regulate several signaling pathways, such as metabolism, immune response, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a transforming process that induces the loss of epithelial features of cancer cells and the gain of the mesenchymal phenotype. The EMT promotes metastasis and cancer cell progression mediated by several pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and epigenetic regulators. Methods We used Prx6 overexpressed and downregulated HCT116 cells to study the mechanism between Prx6 and colon cancer. The expression of Prx6, GAPDH, Snail, Twist1, E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin, ERK, p-ERK, p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK were detected by Western blotting. Additionally, an animal study for xenograft assay was conducted to explore the function of Prx6 on tumorigenesis. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by IncuCyte Cell Proliferation and colony formation assays. Results We confirmed that the expression of Prx6 and EMT signaling highly occurs in HCT116 compared with that in other colon cancer cell lines. Prx6 regulates the EMT signaling pathway by modulating EMT-related transcriptional repressors and mesenchymal genes in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Under the Prx6-overexpressed condition, HCT116 cells proliferation increased significantly. Moreover, the HCT116 cells proliferation decreased in the siPrx6-treated cells. Eleven days after HCT116 cell injection, Prx6 was overexpressed in the HCT116-injected mice, and the tumor volume increased significantly compared with that of the control mice. Furthermore, Prx6 regulates EMT signaling through p38 phosphorylation in colon cancer cells. Conclusion We suggested that Prx6 regulates EMT signaling pathway through p38 phosphorylation modulation in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40709-021-00153-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unbin Chae
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - HanSeop Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wakao S, Niyogi KK. Chlamydomonas as a model for reactive oxygen species signaling and thiol redox regulation in the green lineage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:687-698. [PMID: 35237823 PMCID: PMC8491031 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One-sentence summary: Advances in proteomic and transcriptomic studies have made Chlamydomonas a powerful research model in redox and reactive oxygen species regulation with unique and overlapping mechanisms with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Wakao
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Author for communication: Senior author
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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15
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Morishita J, Tokutsu R, Minagawa J, Hisabori T, Wakabayashi KI. Characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mutants That Exhibit Strong Positive Phototaxis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071483. [PMID: 34371686 PMCID: PMC8309459 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The most motile phototrophic organisms exhibit photo-induced behavioral responses (photobehavior) to inhabit better light conditions for photosynthesis. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model organism to study photobehavior. Several years ago, we found that C. reinhardtii cells reverse their phototactic signs (i.e., positive and negative phototaxis) depending on the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the cell. However, its molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we isolated seven mutants showing positive phototaxis, even after the induction of negative phototaxis (ap1~7: always positive) to understand the ROS-dependent regulatory mechanism for the phototactic sign. We found no common feature in the mutants regarding their growth, high-light tolerance, and photosynthetic phenotypes. Interestingly, five of them grew faster than the wild type. These data suggest that the ROS-dependent regulation of the phototactic sign is not a single pathway and is affected by various cellular factors. Additionally, the isolation and analyses of mutants with defects in phototactic-sign regulation may provide clues for their application to the efficient cultivation of algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Morishita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (J.M.); (T.H.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (R.T.); (J.M.)
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (R.T.); (J.M.)
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (J.M.); (T.H.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (J.M.); (T.H.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Correspondence:
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16
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Tamaki S, Mochida K, Suzuki K. Diverse Biosynthetic Pathways and Protective Functions against Environmental Stress of Antioxidants in Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1250. [PMID: 34205386 PMCID: PMC8234872 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae have been classified into several biological divisions and have evolutionarily acquired diverse morphologies, metabolisms, and life cycles. They are naturally exposed to environmental stresses that cause oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species accumulation. To cope with environmental stresses, microalgae contain various antioxidants, including carotenoids, ascorbate (AsA), and glutathione (GSH). Carotenoids are hydrophobic pigments required for light harvesting, photoprotection, and phototaxis. AsA constitutes the AsA-GSH cycle together with GSH and is responsible for photooxidative stress defense. GSH contributes not only to ROS scavenging, but also to heavy metal detoxification and thiol-based redox regulation. The evolutionary diversity of microalgae influences the composition and biosynthetic pathways of these antioxidants. For example, α-carotene and its derivatives are specific to Chlorophyta, whereas diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin are found in Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta, and Dinophyta. It has been suggested that AsA is biosynthesized via the plant pathway in Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta and via the Euglena pathway in Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta, and Haptophyta. The GSH biosynthetic pathway is conserved in all biological kingdoms; however, Euglenophyta are able to synthesize an additional thiol antioxidant, trypanothione, using GSH as the substrate. In the present study, we reviewed and discussed the diversity of microalgal antioxidants, including recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
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17
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Costa-Leonardo AM, da Silva IB, Janei V, Poiani SB, Dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Esteves FG, Palma MS. Salivary glands in workers of Ruptitermes spp. (Blattaria, Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae): a morphological and preoteomic approach. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:603-621. [PMID: 33961129 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are omnipresent in termites and occur in all developmental stages and castes. They function to produce, store, and secrete compounds, ranging from a feeding function to defensive mechanisms. Here, we provide a complete morphological overview of the salivary glands in the soldierless species Ruptitermes reconditus and R. xanthochiton, and the first proteomic profile of the salivary glands in a Neotropical Apicotermitinae representative, R. reconditus. Salivary glands from both species were composed of several acini, roughly spherical structures composed of two types of central cells (type I and II) and peripheral parietal cells, as well as transporting ducts and two salivary reservoirs. Central cells were richly supplied with electron-lucent secretory vesicles and rough endoplasmic reticulum, a feature of protein-secreting cells. Parietal cells of Ruptitermes spp. had conspicuous characteristics such as electron-lucent secretory vesicles surrounded by mitochondria and well-developed microvilli. Moreover, different individuals showed variation in the secretory cycle of salivary acini, which may be related to polyethism. Ultrastructural analysis evidenced a high synthesis of secretion and also the occurrence of lysosomes and autophagic structures in central cells. Proteomic analysis of the salivary glands revealed 483 proteins divided into functional groups, highlighting toxins/defensins and compounds related to alarm communication and colony asepsis. Soldierless termites are quite successful, especially due to morphological adaptations of the workers, including unknown modifications of exocrine glands. Thus, according to our morphological and proteomic findings, we discuss the potential roles of the salivary gland secretion in different social aspects of the sampled species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo
- Laboratório de Cupins, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil. .,Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais-CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Iago Bueno da Silva
- Laboratório de Cupins, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vanelize Janei
- Laboratório de Cupins, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Silvana Beani Poiani
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais-CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais-CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Franciele Grego Esteves
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais-CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Mario Sérgio Palma
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais-CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
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18
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Moosmann B, Schindeldecker M, Hajieva P. Cysteine, glutathione and a new genetic code: biochemical adaptations of the primordial cells that spread into open water and survived biospheric oxygenation. Biol Chem 2021; 401:213-231. [PMID: 31318686 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Life most likely developed under hyperthermic and anaerobic conditions in close vicinity to a stable geochemical source of energy. Epitomizing this conception, the first cells may have arisen in submarine hydrothermal vents in the middle of a gradient established by the hot and alkaline hydrothermal fluid and the cooler and more acidic water of the ocean. To enable their escape from this energy-providing gradient layer, the early cells must have overcome a whole series of obstacles. Beyond the loss of their energy source, the early cells had to adapt to a loss of external iron-sulfur catalysis as well as to a formidable temperature drop. The developed solutions to these two problems seem to have followed the principle of maximum parsimony: Cysteine was introduced into the genetic code to anchor iron-sulfur clusters, and fatty acid unsaturation was installed to maintain lipid bilayer viscosity. Unfortunately, both solutions turned out to be detrimental when the biosphere became more oxidizing after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. To render cysteine thiol groups and fatty acid unsaturation compatible with life under oxygen, numerous counter-adaptations were required including the advent of glutathione and the addition of the four latest amino acids (methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, selenocysteine) to the genetic code. In view of the continued diversification of derived antioxidant mechanisms, it appears that modern life still struggles with the initially developed strategies to escape from its hydrothermal birthplace. Only archaea may have found a more durable solution by entirely exchanging their lipid bilayer components and rigorously restricting cysteine usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Moosmann
- Evolutionary Biochemistry and Redox Medicine, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Evolutionary Biochemistry and Redox Medicine, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Parvana Hajieva
- Cellular Adaptation Group, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Recent Progress in the Study of Peroxiredoxin in the Harmful Algal Bloom Species Chattonella marina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020162. [PMID: 33499182 PMCID: PMC7911785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a relatively recently discovered antioxidant enzyme family that scavenges peroxides and is known to be present in organisms from biological taxa ranging from bacteria to multicellular eukaryotes, including photosynthetic organisms. Although there have been many studies of the Prx family in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria, few studies have concerned raphidophytes and dinoflagellates, which are among the eukaryotic algae that cause harmful algal blooms (HABs). In our proteomic study using 2-D electrophoresis, we found a highly expressed 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-CysPrx) in the raphidophyte Chattonella marina var. antiqua, a species that induces mass mortality of aquacultured fish. The abundance of the C. marina 2-CysPrx enzyme was highest in the exponential growth phase, during which photosynthetic activity was high, and it then decreased by about a factor of two during the late stationary growth phase. This pattern suggested that 2-CysPrx is a key enzyme involved in the maintenance of high photosynthesis activity. In addition, the fact that the depression of photosynthesis by excessively high irradiance was more severe in the 2-CysPrx low-expression strain (wild type) than in the normal-expression strain (wild type) of C. marina suggested that 2-CysPrx played a critical role in protecting the cell from oxidative stress caused by exposure to excessively high irradiance. In the field of HAB research, estimates of growth potential have been desired to predict the population dynamics of HABs for mitigating damage to fisheries. Therefore, omics approaches have recently begun to be applied to elucidate the physiology of the growth of HAB species. In this review, we describe the progress we have made using a molecular physiological approach to identify the roles of 2-CysPrx and other antioxidant enzymes in mitigating environmental stress associated with strong light and high temperatures and resultant oxidative stress. We also describe results of a survey of expressed Prx genes and their growth-phase-dependent behavior in C. marina using RNA-seq analysis. Finally, we speculate about the function of these genes and the ecological significance of 2-CysPrx, such as its involvement in circadian rhythms and the toxicity of C. marina to fish.
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Lyall R, Nikoloski Z, Gechev T. Comparative Analysis of ROS Network Genes in Extremophile Eukaryotes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9131. [PMID: 33266251 PMCID: PMC7730656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) gene network, consisting of both ROS-generating and detoxifying enzymes, adjusts ROS levels in response to various stimuli. We performed a cross-kingdom comparison of ROS gene networks to investigate how they have evolved across all Eukaryotes, including protists, fungi, plants and animals. We included the genomes of 16 extremotolerant Eukaryotes to gain insight into ROS gene evolution in organisms that experience extreme stress conditions. Our analysis focused on ROS genes found in all Eukaryotes (such as catalases, superoxide dismutases, glutathione reductases, peroxidases and glutathione peroxidase/peroxiredoxins) as well as those specific to certain groups, such as ascorbate peroxidases, dehydroascorbate/monodehydroascorbate reductases in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. ROS-producing NADPH oxidases (NOX) were found in most multicellular organisms, although several NOX-like genes were identified in unicellular or filamentous species. However, despite the extreme conditions experienced by extremophile species, we found no evidence for expansion of ROS-related gene families in these species compared to other Eukaryotes. Tardigrades and rotifers do show ROS gene expansions that could be related to their extreme lifestyles, although a high rate of lineage-specific horizontal gene transfer events, coupled with recent tetraploidy in rotifers, could explain this observation. This suggests that the basal Eukaryotic ROS scavenging systems are sufficient to maintain ROS homeostasis even under the most extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafe Lyall
- Department Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.N.); (T.G.)
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Department Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.N.); (T.G.)
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Department Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.N.); (T.G.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Plovdiv University, 24 Tsar Assen str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Cubas-Gaona LL, de Francisco P, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. Tetrahymena Glutathione Peroxidase Family: A Comparative Analysis of These Antioxidant Enzymes and Differential Gene Expression to Metals and Oxidizing Agents. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071008. [PMID: 32635666 PMCID: PMC7409322 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, an extensive analysis of the putative glutathione peroxidases (GPx) of the eukaryotic microorganism model Tetrahymena thermophila is carried out. A comparative analysis with GPx present in other Tetrahymena species and other very taxonomically diverse ciliates is also performed. A majority of ciliate GPx have replaced the selenocysteine (Sec) by Cys in its catalytic center, so they can be considered as phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (PHGPx). Selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements have been detected in several ciliate GPx that do not incorporate Sec in their amino acid sequences, and conversely, in other ciliate GPx with Sec, no SECIS elements are detected. These anomalies are analyzed and discussed. From the phylogenetic analysis using the ciliate GPx amino acid sequences, the existence of extensive intra- and interspecific gene duplications that produced multiple GPx isoforms in each species is inferred. The ancestral character of the selenoproteins is also corroborated. The analysis by qRT-PCR of six selected T. thermophila GPx genes has shown a quantitative differential expression between them, depending on the stressor (oxidizing agents, apoptotic inducer or metals) and the time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia de Francisco
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. C/. José Antonio Nováis, 12. Universidad Complutense (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. C/. José Antonio Nováis, 12. Universidad Complutense (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Almeida AC, Gomes T, Langford K, Thomas KV, Tollefsen KE. Oxidative stress potential of the herbicides bifenox and metribuzin in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:117-128. [PMID: 30849631 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of herbicides in the aquatic environment has raised awareness about the need to develop further in depth ecotoxicological risk assessments, more specifically on potential effects on photosynthetic organisms as microalgae. The majority of the information available regarding the toxicity of herbicides towards microalgae is related to traditional toxicological and regulatory-relevant endpoints such as growth inhibition, leaving a significant gap on knowledge regarding underlying interactions and damage to biological targets. In this context, this study aimed to supplement the general toxicity information of bifenox and metribuzin in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a battery of selected high-throughput methods. This multiple-endpoint approach included the measurement of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alterations in reduced glutathione (GSH) content, formation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), photosystem II (PSII) performance and loss of photosynthetic pigments after 24 h exposure. Results obtained showed that both herbicides caused a concentration-dependent increase in ROS formation, with bifenox showing higher but less reactive ROS. This increase in ROS production by bifenox and metribuzin was followed by alterations in the antioxidant capacity of algae, oxidative damage in the form of LPO and alterations in pigment content. Furthermore, both herbicides impacted the photosynthetic activity of algae, as seen by alterations in the maximum and effective quantum efficiency of PSII, PSII photochemistry and energy dissipation pathways, impact in the water-splitting apparatus and reduction in the electron transport rate. The inhibitory effect of metribuzin on photosynthetic processes/components was larger than that seen for bifenox. The impact of bifenox and metribuzin in the photosynthetic processes of C. reinhardtii seems to be in close association with the formation of ROS and consequent oxidative stress and damage in algal cells. Overall, this study showed that the high-throughput methods developed could successfully characterise both potential Modes of Action and adverse effects of bifenox and metribuzin in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katherine Langford
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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23
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High level of reactive oxygen species inhibits triacylglycerols accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Altinisik Kaya FE, Avci FG, Sayar NA, Kazan D, Sayar AA, Sariyar Akbulut B. What Are the Multi-Omics Mechanisms for Adaptation by Microorganisms to High Alkalinity? A Transcriptomic and Proteomic Study of a Bacillus Strain with Industrial Potential. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:717-732. [PMID: 30457468 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alkaliphilic organisms are among an industrially important class of extremophile microorganisms with the ability to thrive at pH 10-11.5. Microorganisms that exhibit alkaliphilic characteristics are sources of alkali-tolerant enzymes such as proteases, starch degrading enzymes, cellulases, and metabolites such as antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors, siderophores, organic acids, and cholic acid derivatives, which have found various applications in industry for human and environmental health. Yet, multi-omics mechanisms governing adaptation to high alkalinity have been poorly studied. We undertook the present work to understand, as a case study, the alkaliphilic adaptation strategy of the novel microorganism, Bacillus marmarensis DSM 21297, to alkaline conditions using a multi-omics approach that employed transcriptomics and proteomics. As alkalinity increased, bacteria remodeled the peptidoglycan layer by changing peptide moieties along with the peptidoglycan constituents and altered the cell membrane to reduce lipid motility and proton leakiness to adjust intracellular pH. Different transporters also contributed to the maintenance of this pH homeostasis. However, unlike in most well-known alkaliphiles, not only sodium ions but also potassium ions were involved in this process. Interestingly, increased pH has triggered the expression of neither general stress proteins nor gene encoding proteins associated with heat, salt, and nutrient stresses. Only an increase in the expression of oxidative stress related genes was evident. Endospore formation, also a phenomenon closely linked to stress, was unclear. This questioned if high pH was a real stress for B. marmarensis. These new findings, corroborated using the multi-omics approach of the present case study, broaden the knowledge on the mechanisms of alkaliphilic adaptation and might also potentially offer useful departure points for further industrial applications with other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Gizem Avci
- Bioengineering Department, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Dilek Kazan
- Bioengineering Department, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alp Sayar
- Bioengineering Department, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Heredia-Martínez LG, Andrés-Garrido A, Martínez-Force E, Pérez-Pérez ME, Crespo JL. Chloroplast Damage Induced by the Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis Triggers Autophagy in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1112-1129. [PMID: 30181343 PMCID: PMC6236622 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are synthesized in the stroma of plant and algal chloroplasts by the fatty acid synthase complex. Newly synthesized fatty acids are then used to generate plastidial lipids that are essential for chloroplast structure and function. Here, we show that inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii activates autophagy, a highly conserved catabolic process by which cells degrade intracellular material under adverse conditions to maintain cell homeostasis. Treatment of Chlamydomonas cells with cerulenin, a specific fatty acid synthase inhibitor, stimulated lipidation of the autophagosome protein ATG8 and enhanced autophagic flux. We found that inhibition of fatty acid synthesis decreased monogalactosyldiacylglycerol abundance, increased lutein content, down-regulated photosynthesis, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species. Electron microscopy revealed a high degree of thylakoid membrane stacking in cerulenin-treated cells. Moreover, global transcriptomic analysis of these cells showed an up-regulation of genes encoding chloroplast proteins involved in protein folding and oxidative stress and the induction of major catabolic processes, including autophagy and proteasome pathways. Thus, our results uncovered a link between lipid metabolism, chloroplast integrity, and autophagy through a mechanism that involves the activation of a chloroplast quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gonzaga Heredia-Martínez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Ascensión Andrés-Garrido
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Wang C, Chu Z, Liu W, Pang Y, Gao X, Tang Q, Ma J, Lu K, Adam FEA, Dang R, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Newcastle disease virus V protein inhibits apoptosis in DF-1 cells by downregulating TXNL1. Vet Res 2018; 49:102. [PMID: 30290847 PMCID: PMC6389150 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral proteins are related to suppressing apoptosis in target cells and are hence beneficial to viral replication. The V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one such protein that plays an important role in inhibiting apoptosis in a species-specific manner. However, to date, there have been no reports clarifying the antiapoptotic mechanisms of the V protein. The present study was undertaken to determine the apoptotic potential of the V protein in a chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1 cell) and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms of action. Here, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the host proteins that interact with the V protein and identified thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) as a potential binding partner. Immuno-colocalization of V protein and TXNL1 protein in DF-1 cells further verified the interaction of the two proteins. Through the overexpression of TXNL1 protein and knockdown of TXNL1 protein in DF-1 cells, the effects of NDV replication and cell apoptosis were examined. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and Western blotting. NDV expression was detected by Q-PCR and plaque assay. The results revealed that the TXNL1 protein induced apoptosis and inhibited NDV replication in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, the Western blot and Q-PCR results suggested that TXNL1 induced cell apoptosis through a pathway involving Bcl-2\Bax and Caspase-3. Finally, this work provides insight into the mechanism by which the V protein inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhili Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yu Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qiuxia Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Fathalrhman E. A. Adam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, P.O Box: 155, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Ruyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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27
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Charoenwattanasatien R, Tanaka H, Zinzius K, Hochmal AK, Mutoh R, Yamamoto D, Hippler M, Kurisu G. X-ray crystallographic and high-speed AFM studies of peroxiredoxin 1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:86-91. [PMID: 29400317 PMCID: PMC5947678 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17018507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRXs) are a group of antioxidant enzymes that are found in all organisms, including plants and green algae. The 2-Cys PRX from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrPRX1) is a chloroplast-localized protein that is critical for clearing reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts. CrPRX1 is reduced by thioredoxins or calredoxin (CrCRX), a recently identified calcium-dependent redox protein. The molecular interaction between PRXs and thioredoxin/CrCRX is functionally important, but discussion has been limited owing to a lack of structural information on CrPRX1, especially regarding its oligomeric state. In this study, high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) images of CrPRX1 and an X-ray crystallographic analysis have enabled examination of the oligomeric state of CrPRX1. Diffraction data from a crystal of the Cys174Ser mutant of CrPRX1 indicate the existence of noncrystallographic fivefold symmetry. HS-AFM images of CrPRX1 further show that CrPRX1 particles form rings with pentagonal rotational symmetry. On the basis of these findings, the oligomeric state of CrPRX1 is discussed and it is concluded that this PRX exists in a ring-shaped decameric form comprising a pentamer of dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Charoenwattanasatien
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karen Zinzius
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Ana K. Hochmal
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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28
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Santos CS, Bannitz-Fernandes R, Lima AS, Tairum CA, Malavazi I, Netto LES, Bertotti M. Monitoring H 2O 2 inside Aspergillus fumigatus with an Integrated Microelectrode: The Role of Peroxiredoxin Protein Prx1. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2587-2593. [PMID: 29345916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are important proteins involved in hydroperoxide degradation and are related to virulence in several pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus. In this work, in vivo studies on the degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the microenvironment of A. fumigatus fungus were performed by using an integrated Pt microelectrode. Three A. fumigatus strains were used to confirm the role of the cytosolic protein Prx1 in the defense mechanism of this microorganism: a wild-type strain, capable to expressing the protein Prx1; a Δprx strain, whose gene prx1 was removed; and a genetically complemented Δprx1::prx1+ strain generated from the Δprx1 and in which the gene prx1 was reintroduced. The fabricated microelectrode was shown to be a reliable inert probe tip for in situ and real-time measurements of H2O2 in such microenvironments, with potential applications in investigations involving the mechanism of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970, São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Renata Bannitz-Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo , Rua do Matão, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Alex S Lima
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970, São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Carlos A Tairum
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo , Rua do Matão, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís, s/n, 13565-905, São Carlos - SP Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo , Rua do Matão, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo - SP Brazil
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970, São Paulo - SP Brazil
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Rippin M, Becker B, Holzinger A. Enhanced Desiccation Tolerance in Mature Cultures of the Streptophytic Green Alga Zygnema circumcarinatum Revealed by Transcriptomics. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2067-2084. [PMID: 29036673 PMCID: PMC5722205 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is commonly regarded as one of the key features for the colonization of terrestrial habitats by green algae and the evolution of land plants. Extensive studies, focused mostly on physiology, have been carried out assessing the desiccation tolerance and resilience of the streptophytic genera Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Here we present transcriptomic analyses of Zygnema circumcarinatum exposed to desiccation stress. Cultures of Z. circumcarinatum grown in liquid medium or on agar plates were desiccated at ∼86% relative air humidity until the effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] ceased. In general, the response to dehydration was much more pronounced in Z. circumcarinatum cultured in liquid medium for 1 month compared with filaments grown on agar plates for 7 and 12 months. Culture on solid medium enables the alga to acclimate to dehydration much better and an increase in desiccation tolerance was clearly correlated to increased culture age. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed that photosynthesis was strongly repressed upon desiccation treatment in the liquid culture while only minor effects were detected in filaments cultured on agar plates for 7 months. Otherwise, both samples showed induction of stress protection mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species scavenging (early light-induced proteins, glutathione metabolism) and DNA repair as well as the expression of chaperones and aquaporins. Additionally, Z. circumcarinatum cultured in liquid medium upregulated sucrose-synthesizing enzymes and strongly induced membrane modifications in response to desiccation stress. These results corroborate the previously described hardening and associated desiccation tolerance in Zygnema in response to seasonal fluctuations in water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rippin
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocentre, Botanical Institute, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becker
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocentre, Botanical Institute, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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30
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Klein B, Wibberg D, Hallmann A. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis reveals extensive cell type-specific compartmentalization in Volvox carteri. BMC Biol 2017; 15:111. [PMID: 29179763 PMCID: PMC5704591 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of evolution’s most important achievements is the development and radiation of multicellular organisms with different types of cells. Complex multicellularity has evolved several times in eukaryotes; yet, in most lineages, an investigation of its molecular background is considerably challenging since the transition occurred too far in the past and, in addition, these lineages evolved a large number of cell types. However, for volvocine green algae, such as Volvox carteri, multicellularity is a relatively recent innovation. Furthermore, V. carteri shows a complete division of labor between only two cell types – small, flagellated somatic cells and large, immotile reproductive cells. Thus, V. carteri provides a unique opportunity to study multicellularity and cellular differentiation at the molecular level. Results This study provides a whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis of separated cell types of the multicellular green alga V. carteri f. nagariensis to reveal cell type-specific components and functions. To this end, 246 million quality filtered reads were mapped to the genome and valid expression data were obtained for 93% of the 14,247 gene loci. In the subsequent search for protein domains with assigned molecular function, we identified 9435 previously classified domains in 44% of all gene loci. Furthermore, in 43% of all gene loci we identified 15,254 domains that are involved in biological processes. All identified domains were investigated regarding cell type-specific expression. Moreover, we provide further insight into the expression pattern of previously described gene families (e.g., pherophorin, extracellular matrix metalloprotease, and VARL families). Our results demonstrate an extensive compartmentalization of the transcriptome between cell types: More than half of all genes show a clear difference in expression between somatic and reproductive cells. Conclusions This study constitutes the first transcriptome-wide RNA-Seq analysis of separated cell types of V. carteri focusing on gene expression. The high degree of differential expression indicates a strong differentiation of cell types despite the fact that V. carteri diverged relatively recently from its unicellular relatives. Our expression dataset and the bioinformatic analyses provide the opportunity to further investigate and understand the mechanisms of cell type-specific expression and its transcriptional regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0450-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klein
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Hallmann
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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31
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Pérez-Pérez ME, Mauriès A, Maes A, Tourasse NJ, Hamon M, Lemaire SD, Marchand CH. The Deep Thioredoxome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: New Insights into Redox Regulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1107-1125. [PMID: 28739495 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox post-translational modifications have emerged as important mechanisms of signaling and regulation in all organisms, and thioredoxin plays a key role by controlling the thiol-disulfide status of target proteins. Recent redox proteomic studies revealed hundreds of proteins regulated by glutathionylation and nitrosylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while much less is known about the thioredoxin interactome in this organism. By combining qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses, we have comprehensively investigated the Chlamydomonas thioredoxome and 1188 targets have been identified. They participate in a wide range of metabolic pathways and cellular processes. This study broadens not only the redox regulation to new enzymes involved in well-known thioredoxin-regulated metabolic pathways but also sheds light on cellular processes for which data supporting redox regulation are scarce (aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, nuclear transport, etc). Moreover, we characterized 1052 thioredoxin-dependent regulatory sites and showed that these data constitute a valuable resource for future functional studies in Chlamydomonas. By comparing this thioredoxome with proteomic data for glutathionylation and nitrosylation at the protein and cysteine levels, this work confirms the existence of a complex redox regulation network in Chlamydomonas and provides evidence of a tremendous selectivity of redox post-translational modifications for specific cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mauriès
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Maes
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas J Tourasse
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Hamon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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Tian T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4535194. [PMID: 28744337 PMCID: PMC5506473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Reck J, Schauer AM, VanderWaal Mills K, Bower R, Tritschler D, Perrone CA, Porter ME. The role of the dynein light intermediate chain in retrograde IFT and flagellar function in Chlamydomonas. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2404-22. [PMID: 27251063 PMCID: PMC4966982 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of cilia and flagella depends on the activity of two microtubule motor complexes, kinesin-2 and dynein-2/1b, but the specific functions of the different subunits are poorly defined. Here we analyze Chlamydomonas strains expressing different amounts of the dynein 1b light intermediate chain (D1bLIC). Disruption of D1bLIC alters the stability of the dynein 1b complex and reduces both the frequency and velocity of retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), but it does not eliminate retrograde IFT. Flagellar assembly, motility, gliding, and mating are altered in a dose-dependent manner. iTRAQ-based proteomics identifies a small subset of proteins that are significantly reduced or elevated in d1blic flagella. Transformation with D1bLIC-GFP rescues the mutant phenotypes, and D1bLIC-GFP assembles into the dynein 1b complex at wild-type levels. D1bLIC-GFP is transported with anterograde IFT particles to the flagellar tip, dissociates into smaller particles, and begins processive retrograde IFT in <2 s. These studies demonstrate the role of D1bLIC in facilitating the recycling of IFT subunits and other proteins, identify new components potentially involved in the regulation of IFT, flagellar assembly, and flagellar signaling, and provide insight into the role of D1bLIC and retrograde IFT in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimee Reck
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55413
| | - Alexandria M Schauer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Kristyn VanderWaal Mills
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Anoka Technical College, Anoka, MN 55303
| | - Raqual Bower
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Douglas Tritschler
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Catherine A Perrone
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN 55432
| | - Mary E Porter
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Park MH, Jo M, Kim YR, Lee CK, Hong JT. Roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:1-23. [PMID: 27130805 PMCID: PMC7112520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes, known to catalyze peroxide reduction to balance cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which are essential for cell signaling and metabolism and act as a regulator of redox signaling. Redox signaling is a critical component of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and variety of other physiological functions. Early studies demonstrated that PRDXs regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of several cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems are important regulators of redox signaling regulated diseases. In addition, thiol-based redox systems through peroxiredoxins have been demonstrated to regulate several redox-dependent process related diseases. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding PRDXs in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs. Moreover, we will suggest that PRDXs could be targets of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting PRDXs may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - MiRan Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951.
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Dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Garcia AMC, Arcuri HA, Esteves FG, Salles HC, Lubec G, Palma MS. Silkomics: Insight into the Silk Spinning Process of Spiders. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1179-93. [PMID: 26923066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteins from the silk-producing glands were identified using both a bottom-up gel-based proteomic approach as well as from a shotgun proteomic approach. Additionally, the relationship between the functions of identified proteins and the spinning process was studied. A total of 125 proteins were identified in the major ampullate, 101 in the flagelliform, 77 in the aggregate, 75 in the tubuliform, 68 in the minor ampullate, and 23 in aciniform glands. On the basis of the functional classification using Gene Ontology, these proteins were organized into seven different groups according to their general function: (i) web silk proteins-spidroins, (ii) proteins related to the folding/conformation of spidroins, (iii) proteins that protect silk proteins from oxidative stress, (iv) proteins involved in fibrillar preservation of silks in the web, (v) proteins related to ion transport into and out of the glands during silk fiber spinning, (vi) proteins involved in prey capture and pre-digestion, and (vii) housekeeping proteins from all of the glands. Thus, a general mechanism of action for the identified proteins in the silk-producing glands from the Nephila clavipes spider was proposed; the current results also indicate that the webs play an active role in prey capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ana Maria Caviquioli Garcia
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Helen Andrade Arcuri
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Franciele Grego Esteves
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Heliana Clara Salles
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
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Zaffagnini M, De Mia M, Morisse S, Di Giacinto N, Marchand CH, Maes A, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A comprehensive overview with future perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:952-66. [PMID: 26861774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play essential roles in cellular redox regulation mainly through protein S-nitrosylation, a redox post-translational modification in which specific cysteines are converted to nitrosothiols. SCOPE OF VIEW This review aims to discuss the current state of knowledge, as well as future perspectives, regarding protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS NO, synthesized by plants from different sources (nitrite, arginine), provides directly or indirectly the nitroso moiety of nitrosothiols. Biosynthesis, reactivity and scavenging systems of NO/RNS, determine the NO-based signaling including the rate of protein nitrosylation. Denitrosylation reactions compete with nitrosylation in setting the levels of nitrosylated proteins in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on a combination of proteomic, biochemical and genetic approaches, protein nitrosylation is emerging as a pervasive player in cell signaling networks. Specificity of protein nitrosylation and integration among different post-translational modifications are among the major challenges for future experimental studies in the redox biology field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M De Mia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Morisse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Di Giacinto
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C H Marchand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Maes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S D Lemaire
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Trost
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Blaby IK, Blaby-Haas CE, Pérez-Pérez ME, Schmollinger S, Fitz-Gibbon S, Lemaire SD, Merchant SS. Genome-wide analysis on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals the impact of hydrogen peroxide on protein stress responses and overlap with other stress transcriptomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:974-988. [PMID: 26473430 PMCID: PMC4715741 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by and have the potential to be damaging to all aerobic organisms. In photosynthetic organisms, they are an unavoidable byproduct of electron transfer in both the chloroplast and mitochondrion. Here, we employ the reference unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to identify the effect of H2O2 on gene expression by monitoring the changes in the transcriptome in a time-course experiment. Comparison of transcriptomes from cells sampled immediately prior to the addition of H2O2 and 0.5 and 1 h subsequently revealed 1278 differentially abundant transcripts. Of those transcripts that increase in abundance, many encode proteins involved in ROS detoxification, protein degradation and stress responses, whereas among those that decrease are transcripts encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis and central carbon metabolism. In addition to these transcriptomic adjustments, we observe that addition of H2O2 is followed by an accumulation and oxidation of the total intracellular glutathione pool, and a decrease in photosynthetic O2 output. Additionally, we analyze our transcriptomes in the context of changes in transcript abundance in response to singlet O2 (O2*), and relate our H2O2 -induced transcripts to a diurnal transcriptome, where we demonstrate enrichments of H2O2 -induced transcripts early in the light phase, late in the light phase and 2 h prior to light. On this basis several genes that are highlighted in this work may be involved in previously undiscovered stress remediation pathways or acclimation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K Blaby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Crysten E Blaby-Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sorel Fitz-Gibbon
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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38
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Shaeib F, Khan SN, Ali I, Thakur M, Saed MG, Dai J, Awonuga AO, Banerjee J, Abu-Soud HM. The Defensive Role of Cumulus Cells Against Reactive Oxygen Species Insult in Metaphase II Mouse Oocytes. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:498-507. [PMID: 26468254 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115607993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical ((·)OH), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), to overcome the defensive capacity of cumulus cells and elucidate the mechanism through which ROS differentially deteriorate oocyte quality. Metaphase II mouse oocytes with (n = 1634) and without cumulus cells (n = 1633) were treated with increasing concentration of ROS, and the deterioration in oocyte quality was assessed by the changes in the microtubule morphology and chromosomal alignment. Oocyte and cumulus cell viability and cumulus cell number were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, staining of gap junction protein, and trypan blue staining. The treated oocytes showed decreased quality as a function of increasing concentrations of ROS when compared to controls. Cumulus cells show protection against H(2)O(2) and (·)OH insult at lower concentrations, but this protection was lost at higher concentrations (>50 μmol/L). At higher H(2)O(2) concentrations, treatment dramatically influenced the cumulus cell number and viability with resulting reduction in the antioxidant capacity making the oocyte more susceptible to oxidative damage. However, cumulus cells offered no significant protection against HOCl at any concentration used. In all circumstances in which cumulus cells did not offer protection to the oocyte, both cumulus cell number and viability were decreased. Therefore, the deterioration in oocyte quality may be caused by one or more of the following: a decrease in the antioxidant machinery by the loss of cumulus cells, the lack of scavengers for specific ROS, and/or the ability of the ROS to overcome these defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shaeib
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sana N Khan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Iyad Ali
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mili Thakur
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed G Saed
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jing Dai
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Awoniyi O Awonuga
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jashoman Banerjee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Liu RM, Desai LP. Reciprocal regulation of TGF-β and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis. Redox Biol 2015; 6:565-577. [PMID: 26496488 PMCID: PMC4625010 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad pathway is believed to play a central role in TGF-β's fibrogenesis, emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate TGF-β's signaling through different pathways including Smad pathway. TGF-β1 increases ROS production and suppresses antioxidant enzymes, leading to a redox imbalance. ROS, in turn, induce/activate TGF-β1 and mediate many of TGF-β's fibrogenic effects, forming a vicious cycle (see graphic flow chart on the right). Here, we review the current knowledge on the feed-forward mechanisms between TGF-β1 and ROS in the development of fibrosis. Therapeutics targeting TGF-β-induced and ROS-dependent cellular signaling represents a novel approach in the treatment of fibrotic disorders. TGF-β1 is the most potent ubiquitous profibrogenic cytokine. TGF- β 1 induces redox imbalance by ↑ ROS production and ↓ anti-oxidant defense system Redox imbalance, in turn, activates latent TGF-β1 and induces TGF-β1 expression. Redox imbalance also mediates many of TGF-β1’s profibrogenic effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmi ngham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Leena P Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmi ngham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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40
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Passaia G, Margis-Pinheiro M. Glutathione peroxidases as redox sensor proteins in plant cells. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:22-6. [PMID: 25804806 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases are thiol-based enzymes that catalyze the reduction of H2O2 and hydroperoxides to H2O or alcohols, they mitigate the toxicity of these compounds to the cell mainly using thioredoxin as an electron donor. Additionally, certain redox sensor and signaling functions are being ascribed to these enzymes in prokaryotes, fungi, and plants. We review the evolutionary history, enzymatic and biochemical evidence that make GPX proteins, in addition to being peroxiredoxins, important candidates for acting as redox sensor proteins in plants: (i) the lower peroxidase activity of Cys-GPX; (ii) the thiol catalytic center; (iii) the capacity to interact with regulatory proteins. All these characteristics suggest that at the basal level, plant GPXs have an important role in redox signal transduction in addition to their peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Passaia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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41
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Erickson E, Wakao S, Niyogi KK. Light stress and photoprotection in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:449-465. [PMID: 25758978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead to photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the efficiency and rate of photosynthesis (photoinhibition). Light stress can adversely affect growth and viability, necessitating that photosynthetic organisms acclimate to different environmental conditions in order to alleviate the detrimental effects of excess light. The model unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, employs diverse strategies of regulation and photoprotection to avoid, minimize, and repair photo-oxidative damage in stressful light conditions, allowing for acclimation to different and changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Erickson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Setsuko Wakao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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42
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Hemme D, Veyel D, Mühlhaus T, Sommer F, Jüppner J, Unger AK, Sandmann M, Fehrle I, Schönfelder S, Steup M, Geimer S, Kopka J, Giavalisco P, Schroda M. Systems-wide analysis of acclimation responses to long-term heat stress and recovery in the photosynthetic model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4270-97. [PMID: 25415976 PMCID: PMC4277220 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.130997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We applied a top-down systems biology approach to understand how Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimates to long-term heat stress (HS) and recovers from it. For this, we shifted cells from 25 to 42°C for 24 h and back to 25°C for ≥8 h and monitored abundances of 1856 proteins/protein groups, 99 polar and 185 lipophilic metabolites, and cytological and photosynthesis parameters. Our data indicate that acclimation of Chlamydomonas to long-term HS consists of a temporally ordered, orchestrated implementation of response elements at various system levels. These comprise (1) cell cycle arrest; (2) catabolism of larger molecules to generate compounds with roles in stress protection; (3) accumulation of molecular chaperones to restore protein homeostasis together with compatible solutes; (4) redirection of photosynthetic energy and reducing power from the Calvin cycle to the de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids to replace polyunsaturated ones in membrane lipids, which are deposited in lipid bodies; and (5) when sinks for photosynthetic energy and reducing power are depleted, resumption of Calvin cycle activity associated with increased photorespiration, accumulation of reactive oxygen species scavengers, and throttling of linear electron flow by antenna uncoupling. During recovery from HS, cells appear to focus on processes allowing rapid resumption of growth rather than restoring pre-HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Hemme
- Molekulare Biotechnologie and Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Molekulare Biotechnologie and Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Molekulare Biotechnologie and Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie and Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jessica Jüppner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Unger
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Sandmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ines Fehrle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schönfelder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Steup
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie and Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:329-54. [PMID: 24692350 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1341] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. ROS are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their roles in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well studied. Despite the protective barrier provided by the mucosa, ingested materials and microbial pathogens can induce oxidative injury and GI inflammatory responses involving the epithelium and immune/inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of various GI diseases including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease is in part due to oxidative stress. Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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Tamaki S, Maruta T, Sawa Y, Shigeoka S, Ishikawa T. Identification and functional analysis of peroxiredoxin isoforms in Euglena gracilis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:593-601. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.890037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Euglena gracilis lacks catalase and contains ascorbate peroxidase (APX) which is localized exclusively in the cytosol. Other enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Euglena have not yet been identified; therefore, ROS metabolism, especially in organelles, remains unclear in Euglena. The full-length cDNAs of four Euglena peroxiredoxins (EgPrxs) were isolated in this study. EgPrx1 and -4 were predicted to be localized in the cytosol, and EgPrx2 and -3 in plastids and mitochondria, respectively. The catalytic efficiencies of recombinant EgPrxs were similar to those of plant thiol-peroxidases, but were markedly lower than those of APX from Euglena. However, transcript levels of EgPrx1, -2, and -3 were markedly higher than those of APX. The growth rate of Euglena cells, in which the expression of EgPrx1 and -4 was suppressed by gene silencing, was markedly reduced under normal conditions, indicating physiological significance of Prx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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First report of a peroxiredoxin homologue in jellyfish: molecular cloning, expression and functional characterization of CcPrx4 from Cyanea capillata. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:214-31. [PMID: 24413803 PMCID: PMC3917271 DOI: 10.3390/md12010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We first identified and characterized a novel peroxiredoxin (Prx), designated as CcPrx4, from the cDNA library of the tentacle of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. The full-length cDNA sequence of CcPrx4 consisted of 884 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a mature protein of 247 amino acids. It showed a significant homology to peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) with the highly conserved F-motif (93FTFVCPTEI101), hydrophobic region (217VCPAGW222), 140GGLG143 and 239YF240, indicating that it should be a new member of the Prx4 family. The deduced CcPrx4 protein had a calculated molecular mass of 27.2 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 6.3. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CcPrx4 mRNA could be detected in all the jellyfish tissues analyzed. CcPrx4 protein was cloned into the expression vector, pET-24a, and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant CcPrx4 protein was purified by HisTrap High Performance chelating column chromatography and analyzed for its biological function. The results showed that the purified recombinant CcPrx4 protein manifested the ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide and protect supercoiled DNA from oxidative damage, suggesting that CcPrx4 protein may play an important role in protecting jellyfish from oxidative damage.
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Rahantaniaina MS, Tuzet A, Mhamdi A, Noctor G. Missing links in understanding redox signaling via thiol/disulfide modulation: how is glutathione oxidized in plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:477. [PMID: 24324478 PMCID: PMC3838956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is a small redox-active molecule existing in two main stable forms: the thiol (GSH) and the disulphide (GSSG). In plants growing in optimal conditions, the GSH:GSSG ratio is high in most cell compartments. Challenging environmental conditions are known to alter this ratio, notably by inducing the accumulation of GSSG, an effect that may be influential in the perception or transduction of stress signals. Despite the potential importance of glutathione status in redox signaling, the reactions responsible for the oxidation of GSH to GSSG have not been clearly identified. Most attention has focused on the ascorbate-glutathione pathway, but several other candidate pathways may couple the availability of oxidants such as H2O2 to changes in glutathione and thus impact on signaling pathways through regulation of protein thiol-disulfide status. We provide an overview of the main candidate pathways and discuss the available biochemical, transcriptomic, and genetic evidence relating to each. Our analysis emphasizes how much is still to be elucidated on this question, which is likely important for a full understanding of how stress-related redox regulation might impinge on phytohormone-related and other signaling pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sylviane Rahantaniaina
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-SudOrsay, France
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR Environnement et Grandes CulturesThiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Andrée Tuzet
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR Environnement et Grandes CulturesThiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-SudOrsay, France
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-SudOrsay, France
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Kim YJ, Jang MG, Noh HY, Lee HJ, Sukweenadhi J, Kim JH, Kim SY, Kwon WS, Yang DC. Molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of Panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses. Gene 2013; 535:33-41. [PMID: 24269671 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). GPX catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. The presence of GPXs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. Two GPX cDNAs were isolated and characterized from the embryogenic callus of Panax ginseng. The two cDNAs had an open reading frame (ORF) of 723 and 681bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 240 and 226 residues, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the matured proteins are approximately 26.4kDa or 25.7kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 9.16 or 6.11, respectively. The two PgGPXs were elevated strongly by salt stress and chilling stress in a ginseng seedling. In addition, the two PgGPXs showed different responses against biotic stress. The positive responses of PgGPX to the environmental stimuli suggested that ginseng GPX may help to protect against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yong Noh
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Johan Sukweenadhi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hak Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Saeng Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea.
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Dichloroacetate induces protective autophagy in LoVo cells: involvement of cathepsin D/thioredoxin-like protein 1 and Akt-mTOR-mediated signaling. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e913. [PMID: 24201812 PMCID: PMC3847316 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), and recently it has been shown as a promising nontoxic antineoplastic agent. In this study, we demonstrated that DCA could induce autophagy in LoVo cells, which were confirmed by the formation of autophagosomes, appearance of punctate patterns of LC3 immunoreactivity and activation of autophagy associated proteins. Moreover, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or Atg7 siRNA treatment can significantly enhance DCA-induced apoptosis. To determine the underlying mechanism of DCA-induced autophagy, target identification using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) coupled with ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS analysis were utilized to profile differentially expressed proteins between control and DCA-treated LoVo cells. As a result, Cathepsin D (CTSD) and thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) were identified with significant alterations compared with control. Further study indicated that DCA treatment significantly promoted abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. On the other hand, DCA-triggered autophagy could be attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor. Finally, we demonstrated that the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, a major negative regulator of autophagy, was suppressed by DCA treatment. To our knowledge, it was the first study to show that DCA induced protective autophagy in LoVo cells, and the potential mechanisms were involved in ROS imbalance and Akt-mTOR signaling pathway suppression.
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Lovazzano C, Serrano C, Correa JA, Contreras-Porcia L. Comparative analysis of peroxiredoxin activation in the brown macroalgae Scytosiphon gracilis and Lessonia nigrescens (Phaeophyceae) under copper stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 149:378-88. [PMID: 23489129 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Among thiol-dependent peroxidases (TDPs) peroxiredoxins (PRXs) standout, since they are enzymes capable of reducing hydrogen peroxide, alkylhydroperoxides and peroxynitrite, and have been detected in a proteomic study of the copper-tolerant species Scytosiphon gracilis. In order to determine the importance of these enzymes in copper-stress tolerance, TDP activity and type II peroxiredoxin (II PRX) protein expression were compared between the opportunistic S. gracilis and the brown kelp Lessonia nigrescens, a species absent from copper-impacted sites due to insufficient copper-tolerance mechanisms. Individuals of both species were cultured with increasing copper concentrations (0-300 µg l(-1) Cu) for 96 h and TDP activity and lipoperoxides (LPXs) were determined together with II PRX expression by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. The results showed that TDP activity was higher in S. gracilis than L. nigrescens in all copper concentrations, independent of the reducing agent used (dithiothreitol, thioredoxin or glutaredoxin). This activity was copper inhibited in L. nigrescens at lower copper concentrations (20 µg l(-1) Cu) compared to S. gracilis (100 µg l(-1) Cu). The loss of activity coincided in both species with an increase in LPX, which suggests that TDP may control LPX production. Moreover, II PRX protein levels increased under copper stress only in S. gracilis. These results suggest that in S. gracilis TDP, particularly type II peroxiredoxin (II PRX), acts as an active antioxidant barrier attenuating the LPX levels generated by copper, which is not the case in L. nigrescens. Thus, from an ecological point of view these results help explaining the inability of L. nigrescens to flourish in copper-enriched environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lovazzano
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Duan Y, Liu P, Li J, Li J, Gao B, Chen P. cDNA cloning, characterization and expression analysis of peroxiredoxin 5 gene in the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6569-77. [PMID: 24141991 PMCID: PMC3835957 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin is a superfamily of antioxidative proteins that play important roles in protecting organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species. In this study, a full-length of peroxiredoxin 5 (designated EcPrx5) cDNA was cloned from the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of the EcPrx5 was of 827 bp, containing a 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of 14 bp, a 3′ UTR of 228 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame of 585 bp encoding a polypeptide of 194 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 20.83 kDa and estimated isoelectric point of 7.62. BLAST analysis revealed that amino acids of EcPrx5 shared 89, 68, 66, 65, 53 and 51 % identity with that of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Megachile rotundata, Harpegnathos saltator, Acromyrmex echinatior, Danio rerio, and Homo sapiens counterparts, respectively. The conserved Prx domain and the signature of peroxiredoxin catalytic center identified in EcPrx5 suggested that EcPrx5 belonged to the atypical 2-Cys Prx subgroup. Real time quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that EcPrx5 could be detected in all the tested tissues with highest expression level in hepatopancreas. As time progressed, the expression level of EcPrx5 both in hemocytes and hepatopancreas increased in the first 6 h after Vibrio anguillarum and white spot syndrome virus challenge, and showed different expression profiles. The results indicated that EcPrx5 involved in immune response against bacterial and viral infection in E. carinicauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
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