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Bradley JM, Bunsick M, Ly G, Aquino B, Wang FZ, Holbrook-Smith D, Suginoo S, Bradizza D, Kato N, As'sadiq O, Marsh N, Osada H, Boyer FD, McErlean CSP, Tsuchiya Y, Subramaniam R, Bonetta D, McCourt P, Lumba S. Modulation of fungal phosphate homeostasis by the plant hormone strigolactone. Mol Cell 2024; 84:4031-4047.e11. [PMID: 39357514 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Inter-kingdom communication through small molecules is essential to the coexistence of organisms in an ecosystem. In soil communities, the plant root is a nexus of interactions for a remarkable number of fungi and is a source of small-molecule plant hormones that shape fungal compositions. Although hormone signaling pathways are established in plants, how fungi perceive and respond to molecules is unclear because many plant-associated fungi are recalcitrant to experimentation. Here, we develop an approach using the model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to elucidate mechanisms of fungal response to plant hormones. Two plant hormones, strigolactone and methyl jasmonate, produce unique transcript profiles in yeast, affecting phosphate and sugar metabolism, respectively. Genetic analysis in combination with structural studies suggests that SLs require the high-affinity transporter Pho84 to modulate phosphate homeostasis. The ability to study small-molecule plant hormones in a tractable genetic system should have utility in understanding fungal-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bradley
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Michael Bunsick
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - George Ly
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Bruno Aquino
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Flora Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | | | - Shingo Suginoo
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Dylan Bradizza
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Naoki Kato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Omar As'sadiq
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nina Marsh
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Dario Bonetta
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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Chaisupa P, Rahman MM, Hildreth SB, Moseley S, Gatling C, Bryant MR, Helm RF, Wright RC. Genetically Encoded, Noise-Tolerant, Auxin Biosensors in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2804-2819. [PMID: 39197086 PMCID: PMC11421217 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Auxins are crucial signaling molecules that regulate the growth, metabolism, and behavior of various organisms, most notably plants but also bacteria, fungi, and animals. Many microbes synthesize and perceive auxins, primarily indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, referred to as auxin herein), the most prevalent natural auxin, which influences their ability to colonize plants and animals. Understanding auxin biosynthesis and signaling in fungi may allow us to better control interkingdom relationships and microbiomes from agricultural soils to the human gut. Despite this importance, a biological tool for measuring auxin with high spatial and temporal resolution has not been engineered in fungi. In this study, we present a suite of genetically encoded, ratiometric, protein-based auxin biosensors designed for the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inspired by auxin signaling in plants, the ratiometric nature of these biosensors enhances the precision of auxin concentration measurements by minimizing clonal and growth phase variation. We used these biosensors to measure auxin production across diverse growth conditions and phases in yeast cultures and calibrated their responses to physiologically relevant levels of auxin. Future work will aim to improve the fold change and reversibility of these biosensors. These genetically encoded auxin biosensors are valuable tools for investigating auxin biosynthesis and signaling in S. cerevisiae and potentially other yeast and fungi and will also advance quantitative functional studies of the plant auxin perception machinery, from which they are built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patarasuda Chaisupa
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sherry B Hildreth
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Saede Moseley
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chauncey Gatling
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Matthew R Bryant
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Richard F Helm
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - R Clay Wright
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- The Translational Plant Sciences Center (TPSC), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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3
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Shi YC, Zheng YJ, Lin YC, Huang CH, Shen TL, Hsu YC, Lee BH. Investigation of the Microbial Diversity in the Oryza sativa Cultivation Environment and Artificial Transplantation of Microorganisms to Improve Sustainable Mycobiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:412. [PMID: 38921398 PMCID: PMC11205129 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice straw is not easy to decompose, it takes a long time to compost, and the anaerobic bacteria involved in the decomposition process produce a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), indicating that applications for rice straw need to be developed. Recycling rice straw in agricultural crops is an opportunity to increase the sustainability of grain production. Several studies have shown that the probiotic population gradually decreases in the soil, leading to an increased risk of plant diseases and decreased biomass yield. Because the microorganisms in the soil are related to the growth of plants, when the soil microbial community is imbalanced it seriously affects plant growth. We investigated the feasibility of using composted rice stalks to artificially cultivate microorganisms obtained from the Oryza sativa-planted environment for analyzing the mycobiota and evaluating applications for sustainable agriculture. Microbes obtained from the water-submerged part (group-A) and soil part (group-B) of O. sativa were cultured in an artificial medium, and the microbial diversity was analyzed with internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Paddy field soil was mixed with fermented paddy straw compost, and the microbes obtained from the soil used for O. sativa planting were designated as group-C. The paddy fields transplanted with artificially cultured microbes from group-A were designated as group-D and those from group-B were designated as group-E. We found that fungi and yeasts can be cultured in groups-A and -B. These microbes altered the soil mycobiota in the paddy fields after transplantation in groups-D and -E compared to groups-A and -B. Development in O. sativa post treatment with microbial transplantation was observed in the groups-D and -E compared to group-C. These results showed that artificially cultured microorganisms could be efficiently transplanted into the soil and improve the mycobiota. Phytohormones were involved in improving O. sativa growth and rice yield via the submerged part-derived microbial medium (group-D) or the soil part-derived microbial medium (group-E) treatments. Collectively, these fungi and yeasts may be applied in microbial transplantation via rice straw fermentation to repair soil mycobiota imbalances, facilitating plant growth and sustainable agriculture. These fungi and yeasts may be applied in microbial transplantation to repair soil mycobiota imbalances and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Ching Shi
- Department of Food Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Juan Zheng
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Hao Huang
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chia Hsu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (Y.-C.L.)
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Ahsan SM, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Das AK, Rahman MM, Mollah MMI, Paul NC, Choi HW. Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1420. [PMID: 38794490 PMCID: PMC11124879 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization. This review aims to systematically organize information concerning the direct (nutrient acquisition and production of phytohormones) and indirect (resistance induction, antibiotic and secondary metabolite production, siderophore production, and mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses) implications of endophytic colonization. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of these mechanisms is provided. Several challenges, including isolation complexities, classification of novel strains, and the impact of terrestrial location, vegetation type, and anthropogenic reluctance to use fungal entomopathogens, have been recognized as hurdles. However, recent advancements in biotechnology within microbial research hold promising solutions to many of these challenges. Ultimately, the current constraints delineate potential future avenues for leveraging endophytic fungal entomopathogens as dual microbial control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ahsan
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Md. Mahi Imam Mollah
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh;
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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5
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Etesami H, Glick BR. Bacterial indole-3-acetic acid: A key regulator for plant growth, plant-microbe interactions, and agricultural adaptive resilience. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127602. [PMID: 38228017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a fundamental phytohormone categorized under auxins, not only influences plant growth and development but also plays a critical role in plant-microbe interactions. This study reviews the role of IAA in bacteria-plant communication, with a focus on its biosynthesis, regulation, and the subsequent effects on host plants. Bacteria synthesize IAA through multiple pathways, which include the indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and several other routes, whose full mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The production of bacterial IAA affects root architecture, nutrient uptake, and resistance to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, enhancing plant resilience and thus offering promising routes to sustainable agriculture. Bacterial IAA synthesis is regulated through complex gene networks responsive to environmental cues, impacting plant hormonal balances and symbiotic relationships. Pathogenic bacteria have adapted mechanisms to manipulate the host's IAA dynamics, influencing disease outcomes. On the other hand, beneficial bacteria utilize IAA to promote plant growth and mitigate abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing nutrient use efficiency and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers. Advancements in analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have improved the quantification of bacterial IAA, enabling accurate measurement and analysis. Future research focusing on molecular interactions between IAA-producing bacteria and host plants could facilitate the development of biotechnological applications that integrate beneficial bacteria to improve crop performance, which is essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and ensuring global food security. This integration of bacterial IAA producers into agricultural practice promises to revolutionize crop management strategies by enhancing growth, fostering resilience, and reducing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Soil Science Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Delaiti S, Nardin T, Roman T, Pedò S, Larcher R. Evaluating the Atypical Aging Potential Development in Sparkling Wines Can Be Achieved by Assessing the Base Wines at the End of the Alcoholic Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4918-4927. [PMID: 38394368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Traditional sparkling wine production is a lengthy and costly process, involving a double fermentation step and a period of aging sur lie; thus, monitoring quality during the key manufacturing stages is crucial. The effects of the second fermentation on the development of 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP), the main marker of the atypical aging (ATA) defect, were investigated on 55 base wines (BWs) and corresponding sparkling wines (SWs) produced in an experimental winery. While the AAP content of the SWs was observed to be higher than the BWs, it was found that an artificial aging test carried out on the BWs could be a good predictor of ATA development in SWs. Further, the antioxidant capacity of the SWs was noticed to correlate well with the potential AAP formed during accelerated aging. Finally, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model of linearization capable of predicting AAP formation in SWs using the data obtained from the corresponding BWs was created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Delaiti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Tomas Roman
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Pedò
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
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7
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Zhang YG, Zhang T, Lin L. Identification of Flo11-like Adhesin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the Mechanism of Small-Molecule Compounds Mediating Biofilm Formation in Yeasts. Microorganisms 2024; 12:358. [PMID: 38399762 PMCID: PMC10893080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infection is initiated by the adhesion of pathogens to biotic and abiotic surfaces, with various manifestations including biofilm formation and invasive growth, etc. A previous report, though devoid of functional data, speculated that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe glycoprotein SPBPJ4664.02 could be the homology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flo11. Here, our studies with S. pombe substantiated the previously proposed speculation by (1) the deletion of SPBPJ4664.02 attenuated biofilm formation and invasive growth in S. pombe; (2) the S. pombe's lack of SPBPJ4664.02 could be complemented by expressing S. cerevisiae flo11. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and dodecanol were examined in S. pombe for their respective effects on biofilm formation. IAA and dodecanol at high concentrations could inhibit biofilm formation, whereas opposing effects were observed with low concentrations of these molecules. Mechanism studies with the SPBPJ4664.02Δ and SPBPJ4664.02Δ/flo11OE versus the wild type have demonstrated that IAA or dodecanol might exert regulatory effects downstream of SPBPJ4664.02 in the signaling pathway for biofilm formation. Moreover, our research extrapolated to Candida albicans has pinpointed that IAA inhibited biofilm formation at high concentrations, consistent with the transcriptional downregulation of the biofilm-related genes. Dodecanol suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation at all the concentrations tested, in accord with the downregulation of biofilm-related transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Zhang
- Medical School, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Lan Lin
- Medical School, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
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8
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Maruri-López I, Romero-Contreras YJ, Napsucialy-Mendivil S, González-Pérez E, Aviles-Baltazar NY, Chávez-Martínez AI, Flores-Cuevas EJ, Schwan-Estrada KRF, Dubrovsky JG, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Serrano M. A biostimulant yeast, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, modifies Arabidopsis thaliana root architecture and improves the plant defense response against Botrytis cinerea. PLANTA 2024; 259:53. [PMID: 38294549 PMCID: PMC10830669 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The biostimulant Hanseniaspora opuntiae regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root development and resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Beneficial microbes can increase plant nutrient accessibility and uptake, promote abiotic stress tolerance, and enhance disease resistance, while pathogenic microorganisms cause plant disease, affecting cellular homeostasis and leading to cell death in the most critical cases. Commonly, plants use specialized pattern recognition receptors to perceive beneficial or pathogen microorganisms. Although bacteria have been the most studied plant-associated beneficial microbes, the analysis of yeasts is receiving less attention. This study assessed the role of Hanseniaspora opuntiae, a fermentative yeast isolated from cacao musts, during Arabidopsis thaliana growth, development, and defense response to fungal pathogens. We evaluated the A. thaliana-H. opuntiae interaction using direct and indirect in vitro systems. Arabidopsis growth was significantly increased seven days post-inoculation with H. opuntiae during indirect interaction. Moreover, we observed that H. opuntiae cells had a strong auxin-like effect in A. thaliana root development during in vitro interaction. We show that 3-methyl-1-butanol and ethanol are the main volatile compounds produced by H. opuntiae. Subsequently, it was determined that A. thaliana plants inoculated with H. opuntiae have a long-lasting and systemic effect against Botrytis cinerea infection, but independently of auxin, ethylene, salicylic acid, or jasmonic acid pathways. Our results demonstrate that H. opuntiae is an important biostimulant that acts by regulating plant development and pathogen resistance through different hormone-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Maruri-López
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Enrique González-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Hongos y Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científca y Tecnológica AC, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Isabel Chávez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Hongos y Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científca y Tecnológica AC, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Hongos y Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científca y Tecnológica AC, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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9
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Kuhn A, Roosjen M, Mutte S, Dubey SM, Carrillo Carrasco VP, Boeren S, Monzer A, Koehorst J, Kohchi T, Nishihama R, Fendrych M, Sprakel J, Friml J, Weijers D. RAF-like protein kinases mediate a deeply conserved, rapid auxin response. Cell 2024; 187:130-148.e17. [PMID: 38128538 PMCID: PMC10783624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant-signaling molecule auxin triggers fast and slow cellular responses across land plants and algae. The nuclear auxin pathway mediates gene expression and controls growth and development in land plants, but this pathway is absent from algal sister groups. Several components of rapid responses have been identified in Arabidopsis, but it is unknown if these are part of a conserved mechanism. We recently identified a fast, proteome-wide phosphorylation response to auxin. Here, we show that this response occurs across 5 land plant and algal species and converges on a core group of shared targets. We found conserved rapid physiological responses to auxin in the same species and identified rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)-like protein kinases as central mediators of auxin-triggered phosphorylation across species. Genetic analysis connects this kinase to both auxin-triggered protein phosphorylation and rapid cellular response, thus identifying an ancient mechanism for fast auxin responses in the green lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kuhn
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Roosjen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sumanth Mutte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shiv Mani Dubey
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aline Monzer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jasper Koehorst
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Tang J, Li Y, Zhang L, Mu J, Jiang Y, Fu H, Zhang Y, Cui H, Yu X, Ye Z. Biosynthetic Pathways and Functions of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2077. [PMID: 37630637 PMCID: PMC10459833 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) belongs to the family of auxin indole derivatives. IAA regulates almost all aspects of plant growth and development, and is one of the most important plant hormones. In microorganisms too, IAA plays an important role in growth, development, and even plant interaction. Therefore, mechanism studies on the biosynthesis and functions of IAA in microorganisms can promote the production and utilization of IAA in agriculture. This mini-review mainly summarizes the biosynthesis pathways that have been reported in microorganisms, including the indole-3-acetamide pathway, indole-3-pyruvate pathway, tryptamine pathway, indole-3-acetonitrile pathway, tryptophan side chain oxidase pathway, and non-tryptophan dependent pathway. Some pathways interact with each other through common key genes to constitute a network of IAA biosynthesis. In addition, functional studies of IAA in microorganisms, divided into three categories, have also been summarized: the effects on microorganisms, the virulence on plants, and the beneficial impacts on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zihong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.T.); (L.Z.)
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11
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Angeles de Paz G, Martínez-Gutierrez H, Ramírez-Granillo A, López-Villegas EO, Medina-Canales MG, Rodríguez-Tovar AV. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YR29 is able to accumulate Pb 2+ in vacuoles: a yeast with bioremediation potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:238. [PMID: 37391528 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms showed unique mechanisms to resist and detoxify harmful metals in response to pollution. This study shows the relationship between presence of heavy metals and plant growth regulator compounds. Additionally, the responses of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YR29 isolated from the rhizosphere of Prosopis sp. growing in a polluted mine jal in Mexico are presented. This research carries out a phenotypic characterization of R. mucilaginosa to identify response mechanisms to metals and confirm its potential as a bioremediation agent. Firstly, Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) compounds were assayed using the Chrome Azurol S (CAS) medium and the Salkowski method. In addition, to clarify its heavy metal tolerance mechanisms, several techniques were performed, such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) supplemented with assorted detectors. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used for elementary mapping of the cell. Finally, yeast viability after all treatments was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results have suggested that R. mucilaginosa could be a PGP yeast capable of triggering Pb2+ biosorption (representing 22.93% of the total cell surface area, the heavy metal is encapsulated between the cell wall and the microcapsule), and Pb2+ bioaccumulation (representing 11% of the total weight located in the vacuole). Based on these results, R. mucilaginosa as a bioremediation agent and its wide range of useful mechanisms for ecological purposes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Angeles de Paz
- Laboratorio de Nematología Agrícola, Depto. de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Depto. de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Martínez-Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Barrido de Ultra Alta Resolución, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías (CNMN), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ramírez-Granillo
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Depto. de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Oliver López-Villegas
- Laboratorio Central de Microscopía, Depto. de Investigación-SEPI, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Gabriela Medina-Canales
- Laboratorio de Nematología Agrícola, Depto. de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Aída Verónica Rodríguez-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Depto. de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Han Z, Maruwan J, Tang Y, Su WW. Conditional protein degradation in Yarrowia lipolytica using the auxin-inducible degron. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1188119. [PMID: 37324427 PMCID: PMC10264656 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional protein degradation is a powerful tool for controlled protein knockdown. The auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology uses a plant auxin to induce depletion of degron-tagged proteins, and it has been shown to be functional in several non-plant eukaryotes. In this study, we demonstrated AID-based protein knockdown in an industrially important oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Using the mini-IAA7 (mIAA7) degron derived from Arabidopsis IAA7, coupled with an Oryza sativa TIR1 (OsTIR1) plant auxin receptor F-box protein (expressed from the copper-inducible MT2 promoter), C-terminal degron-tagged superfolder GFP could be degraded in Yarrowia lipolytica upon addition of copper and the synthetic auxin 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). However, leaky degradation of the degron-tagged GFP in the absence of NAA was also noted. This NAA-independent degradation was largely eliminated by replacing the wild-type OsTIR1 and NAA with the OsTIR1F74A variant and the auxin derivative 5-Ad-IAA, respectively. Degradation of the degron-tagged GFP was rapid and efficient. However, Western blot analysis revealed cellular proteolytic cleavage within the mIAA7 degron sequence, leading to the production of a GFP sub-population lacking an intact degron. The utility of the mIAA7/OsTIR1F74A system was further explored in controlled degradation of a metabolic enzyme, β-carotene ketolase, which converts β-carotene to canthaxanthin via echinenone. This enzyme was tagged with the mIAA7 degron and expressed in a β-carotene producing Y. lipolytica strain that also expressed OsTIR1F74A controlled by the MT2 promoter. By adding copper and 5-Ad-IAA at the time of culture inoculation, canthaxanthin production was found to be reduced by about 50% on day five compared to the control culture without adding 5-Ad-IAA. This is the first report that demonstrates the efficacy of the AID system in Y. lipolytica. Further improvement of AID-based protein knockdown in Y. lipolytica may be achieved by preventing proteolytic removal of the mIAA7 degron tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Han
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jessica Maruwan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yinjie Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wei Wen Su
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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13
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Carrillo‐Carrasco VP, Hernandez‐Garcia J, Mutte SK, Weijers D. The birth of a giant: evolutionary insights into the origin of auxin responses in plants. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113018. [PMID: 36786017 PMCID: PMC10015382 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant signaling molecule auxin is present in multiple kingdoms of life. Since its discovery, a century of research has been focused on its action as a phytohormone. In land plants, auxin regulates growth and development through transcriptional and non-transcriptional programs. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are well understood, mainly in Arabidopsis. Recently, the availability of genomic and transcriptomic data of green lineages, together with phylogenetic inference, has provided the basis to reconstruct the evolutionary history of some components involved in auxin biology. In this review, we follow the evolutionary trajectory that allowed auxin to become the "giant" of plant biology by focusing on bryophytes and streptophyte algae. We consider auxin biosynthesis, transport, physiological, and molecular responses, as well as evidence supporting the role of auxin as a chemical messenger for communication within ecosystems. Finally, we emphasize that functional validation of predicted orthologs will shed light on the conserved properties of auxin biology among streptophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumanth K Mutte
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
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14
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Sugarcane molasses as substrate to soil yeasts: Indole-3-acetic acid production and maize initial growth promotion. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Cao Y, He K, Li Q, Chen X, Mo H, Li Z, Ji Q, Li G, Du G, Yang H. Transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012 m in response to auxin. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:17-25. [PMID: 36449692 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata is an achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid which obtains carbon and other nutrients from Armillaria species in its life cycle. Many researchers suggested that plant hormones, as signing molecules, play a central role in the plant-fungi interaction. In the process of Armillaria gallica 012 m cultivation, both exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) distinctly stimulated the growth of mycelia in solid media. The differential expression genes (DEGs) of A. gallica 012 m with IAA versus blank control (BK) and IBA versus BK were investigated. The results showed that more than 80% of DEGs of the IAA group were coincident with the DEGs of the IBA group, and more than half of upregulated DEGs and most of the downregulated DEGs of the IAA group coincided with those DEGs of the IBA group. Above research implied that A. gallica 012 m could perceive IAA and IBA, and possess similar responses and signaling pathways to IAA and IBA. The overlapping differential genes of the IAA group and IBA group were analyzed by GO term, and the results showed that several DEGs identified were related to biological processes including positive regulation of the biological process and biological process. The downregulated NmrA-like and FKBP_C genes might be benefit to the growth of mycelia. Those results can explain that exiguous IAA and IBA improved the growth of A. gallica to some extent. We speculate that IAA and IBA are signaling molecules, and regulate the expression of growth-related genes of A. gallica 012 m by the same signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Kaixiang He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Kunming Xianghao Technology Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Haiying Mo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiaolin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Ganpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
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16
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Kitisin T, Muangkaew W, Ampawong S, Sansurin N, Thitipramote N, Sukphopetch P. Development and efficacy of tryptophol-containing emulgel for reducing subcutaneous fungal nodules from Scedosporium apiospermum eumycetoma. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 17:707-722. [PMID: 36704435 PMCID: PMC9872179 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.359437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Subcutaneous infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum present as chronic eumycetomatous manifestations in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Serious adverse effects/toxicities from the long-term use of antifungal drugs and antifungal resistance have been reported in patients with S. apiospermum infections. The present study aimed to determine the anti-S. apiospermum activities of fungal quorum sensing molecule known as tryptophol (TOH) and to develop a TOH-containing emulgel for treating S. apiospermum eumycetoma. Experimental approach Anti-S. apiospermum activities of TOH were determined and compared with voriconazole. Effects of TOH on S. apiospermum biofilm formation and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)-1 cell cytotoxicity were determined. Moreover, TOH-containing emulgel was developed and physical properties, in vitro, and in vivo antifungal activities against S. apiospermum eumycetoma were evaluated. Findings/Results The minimal concentration of TOH at 100 µM exhibited anti-S. apiospermum activities by reducing growth rate, germination rate, and biofilm formation with less cytotoxicity to HFF-1 cells than voriconazole. Further study on the development of an emulgel revealed that TOH-containing emulgel exhibited excellent physical properties including homogeneity, consistency, and stability. Treatment by TOH-containing emulgel significantly reduced subcutaneous mass in a mouse model of S. apiospermum eumycetoma. The histopathological assessment showed marked improvement after 14 days of TOH-containing emulgel treatment. Conclusion and implications TOH could be used as an anti-fungal agent against S. apiospermum infections. A novel and stable TOH-containing emulgel was developed with excellent anti-S. apiospermum activities suggesting the utilization of TOH-containing emulgel as an innovative therapeutic approach in the treatment of S. apiospermum eumycetoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinan Kitisin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharamat Muangkaew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nichapa Sansurin
- Northeast Laboratory Animal Center, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Natthawut Thitipramote
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Innovation, Mae Fah Luang University, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author: P. Sukphopetch Tel: +66-23549100, Fax: +66-2643 5583
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17
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Alshallash KS, Mohamed MF, Dahab AA, Abd El-Salam HS, El-Serafy RS. Biostimulation of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. with Different Yeast Strains: Morphological Performance, Productivity, Phenotypic Plasticity, and Antioxidant Activity. HORTICULTURAE 2022; 8:887. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing knowledge about the microorganism–plant relationship, medicinal plants have gained great attention in their bio fertilization programs using biostimulants based on microorganisms. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. is a perennial herb belonging to the family Lamiaceae and has therapeutic and nutritional properties attributed to its natural phytochemical compounds, which are highly valued in the pharmaceutical industry. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Rhodotorula muciligenese (Y1), Candida sake (Y2), Candida apicola (Y3), and Candida kunwiensis (Y4) yeast strains in concentrations of 0 (C1), 1 × 104 (C2), 1 × 107 (C3), and 1 × 109 (C4) CFU mL−1 on the growth performance, productivity, and antioxidant activity of P. amboinicus plants. Yeast applications promoted growth attributes, nutritional value, and antioxidant activity in P. amboinicus leaves. Candida apicola exhibited the greatest root growth, herb weight, and essential oil production; it also stimulated carbohydrates, protein, and mineral content, as well as DPPH and FRAP activities. Whereas Rhodotorula muciligenese recorded the lowest values in this respect, among the concentrations used, the 1 × 107 CFU mL−1 concentration showed the highest values in this respect. These new findings showed that the foliar application of Candida apicola not only maximized the growth and productivity but also maximized the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of P. amboinicus.
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18
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Carignano A, Chen DH, Mallory C, Wright RC, Seelig G, Klavins E. Modular, robust and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast. eLife 2022; 11:74540. [PMID: 35312478 PMCID: PMC9000959 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Division of labor between cells is ubiquitous in biology but the use of multi-cellular consortia for engineering applications is only beginning to be explored. A significant advantage of multi-cellular circuits is their potential to be modular with respect to composition but this claim has not yet been extensively tested using experiments and quantitative modeling. Here, we construct a library of 24 yeast strains capable of sending, receiving or responding to three molecular signals, characterize them experimentally and build quantitative models of their input-output relationships. We then compose these strains into two- and three-strain cascades as well as a four-strain bistable switch and show that experimentally measured consortia dynamics can be predicted from the models of the constituent parts. To further explore the achievable range of behaviors, we perform a fully automated computational search over all two-, three- and four-strain consortia to identify combinations that realize target behaviors including logic gates, band-pass filters and time pulses. Strain combinations that are predicted to map onto a target behavior are further computationally optimized and then experimentally tested. Experiments closely track computational predictions. The high reliability of these model descriptions further strengthens the feasibility and highlights the potential for distributed computing in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Carignano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Dai Hua Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Cannon Mallory
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Georg Seelig
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eric Klavins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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19
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Petkova M, Petrova S, Spasova-Apostolova V, Naydenov M. Tobacco Plant Growth-Promoting and Antifungal Activities of Three Endophytic Yeast Strains. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060751. [PMID: 35336632 PMCID: PMC8953121 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the biosynthetic and biocontrol potential of endophytic yeast to improve the growth and development of tobacco has been elucidated. Three yeast strains were enriched and isolated from different plant tissues. Partial sequence analysis of ITS5-5.8-ITS4 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA with universal primers identified YD5, YE1, and YSW1 as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Zygosaccharomyces bailii (Z. bailii), and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii (S. kudriavzevii), respectively. When cultivated in a medium supplemented with 0.1% L-tryptophan, isolated yeast strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The capacities of those strains to improve the mobility of phosphorus and synthesize siderophores has been proven. Their antimicrobial activities against several Solanaceae plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani pathovar. tobacco, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani pathovar. phaseoli) were determined. S. cerevisiae YD5, Z. bailii YE1, and S. kudriavzevii YSW1 inhibited the growth of all tested pathogens. Yeast strains were tested for endophytic colonization of tobacco by two different inoculation methods: soil drench (SD) and leaf spraying (LS). To establish colonization in the various tissues of tested tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) plants, samples were taken on the seventh, fourteenth, and twenty-first days after treatment (DAT), and explants were inoculated on yeast malt agar (YMA). Both techniques of inoculation showed a high frequency of colonization from 83.33% to 100%. To determine the effectiveness of the microbial endophytes, their effect on some physiological processes in the plant were analyzed, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration intensity. The effect of single and double treatment with yeast inoculum on the development and biochemical parameters of tobacco was reported. Plants have the ability of structural and functional adaptation to stress effects of different natures. All treated plants had a higher content of photosynthetic pigments compared to the control. Photosynthesis is probably more intense, and growth stimulation has been observed. The chlorophyll a/b ratio remained similar, and the total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio slightly increased as a result of elevated chlorophyll levels. The most significant stimulating effect was recorded in tobacco plants treated by foliar spraying with Z. bailii YE1 and S. cerevisiae YD5. In contrast, S. kudriavzevii YSW1 had a better effect when applied as a soil drench. Thus, S. cerevisiae YD5, Z. bailii YE1, and S. kudriavzevii YSW1 have a high potential to be used as a biocontrol agents in organic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Petkova
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (V.S.-A.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Slaveya Petrova
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (V.S.-A.); (M.N.)
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Spasova-Apostolova
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (V.S.-A.); (M.N.)
- Agricultural Academy, Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Mladen Naydenov
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (V.S.-A.); (M.N.)
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20
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Zhang XR, Zhao L, Suo F, Gao Y, Wu Q, Qi X, Du LL. An improved auxin-inducible degron system for fission yeast. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6440046. [PMID: 34849776 PMCID: PMC8727963 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conditional degron technologies, which allow a protein of interest to be degraded in an inducible manner, are important tools for biological research, and are especially useful for creating conditional loss-of-function mutants of essential genes. The auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology, which utilizes plant auxin signaling components to control protein degradation in nonplant species, is a widely used small-molecular-controlled degradation method in yeasts and animals. However, the currently available AID systems still have room for further optimization. Here, we have improved the AID system for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by optimizing all three components: the AID degron, the small-molecule inducer, and the inducer-responsive F-box protein. We chose a 36-amino-acid sequence of the Arabidopsis IAA17 protein as the degron and employed three tandem copies of it to enhance efficiency. To minimize undesirable side effects of the inducer, we adopted a bulky analog of auxin, 5-adamantyl-IAA, and paired it with the F-box protein OsTIR1 that harbors a mutation (F74A) at the auxin-binding pocket. 5-adamantyl-IAA, when utilized with OsTIR1-F74A, is effective at concentrations thousands of times lower than auxin used in combination with wild-type OsTIR1. We tested our improved AID system on 10 essential genes and achieved inducible lethality for all of them, including ones that could not be effectively inactivated using a previously published AID system. Our improved AID system should facilitate the construction of conditional loss-of-function mutants in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fang Suo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yadong Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Qingcui Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Lin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
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21
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β-Glucosidase activity of Cyberlindnera (Williopsis) saturnus var. mrakii NCYC 2251 and its fermentation effect on green tea aroma compounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Liu HL, Wang CHT, Chiang EPI, Huang CC, Li WH. Tryptophan plays an important role in yeast's tolerance to isobutanol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:200. [PMID: 34645498 PMCID: PMC8513309 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isobutanol is considered a potential biofuel, thanks to its high-energy content and octane value, limited water solubility, and compatibility with gasoline. As its biosynthesis pathway is known, a microorganism, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that inherently produces isobutanol, can serve as a good engineering host. Isobutanol's toxicity, however, is a major obstacle for bioproduction. This study is to understand how yeast tolerates isobutanol. RESULTS A S. cerevisiae gene-deletion library with 5006 mutants was used to screen genes related to isobutanol tolerance. Image recognition was efficiently used for high-throughput screening via colony size on solid media. In enrichment analysis of the 161 isobutanol-sensitive clones identified, more genes than expected were mapped to tryptophan biosynthesis, ubiquitination, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Interestingly, adding exogenous tryptophan enabled both tryptophan biosynthesis and PPP mutant strains to overcome the stress. In transcriptomic analysis, cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed the relationship between tryptophan and isobutanol stress through some specific cellular functions, such as biosynthesis and transportation of amino acids, PPP, tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis), and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The importance of tryptophan in yeast's tolerance to isobutanol was confirmed by the recovery of isobutanol tolerance in defective strains by adding exogenous tryptophan to the growth medium. Transcriptomic analysis showed that amino acid biosynthesis- and transportation-related genes in a tryptophan biosynthesis-defective host were up-regulated under conditions similar to nitrogen starvation. This may explain why ubiquitination was required for the protein turnover. PPP metabolites may serve as precursors and cofactors in tryptophan biosynthesis to enhance isobutanol tolerance. Furthermore, the tolerance mechanism may also be linked to tryptophan downstream metabolism, including the kynurenine pathway and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. Both pathways are responsible for cellular redox balance and anti-oxidative ability. Our study highlights the central role of tryptophan in yeast's isobutanol tolerance and offers new clues for engineering a yeast host with strong isobutanol tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Lin Liu
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Christine H-T Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. , Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. , Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Spizzichino S, Pampalone G, Dindo M, Bruno A, Romani L, Cutruzzolà F, Zelante T, Pieroni M, Cellini B, Giardina G. Crystal structure of Aspergillus fumigatus AroH, an aromatic amino acid aminotransferase. Proteins 2021; 90:435-442. [PMID: 34495558 PMCID: PMC9290597 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic ubiquitous fungus whose spores can trigger reactions such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or the fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. To survive in the lungs, the fungus must adapt to a hypoxic and nutritionally restrictive environment, exploiting the limited availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in the best possible way, as mammals do not synthesize them. A key enzyme for AAAs catabolism in A. fumigatus is AroH, a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent aromatic aminotransferase. AroH was recently shown to display a broad substrate specificity, accepting L‐kynurenine and α‐aminoadipate as amino donors besides AAAs. Given its pivotal role in the adaptability of the fungus to nutrient conditions, AroH represents a potential target for the development of innovative therapies against A. fumigatus‐related diseases. We have solved the crystal structure of Af‐AroH at 2.4 Å resolution and gained new insight into the dynamics of the enzyme's active site, which appears to be crucial for the design of inhibitors. The conformational plasticity of the active site pocket is probably linked to the wide substrate specificity of AroH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gioena Pampalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agostino Bruno
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
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Hernández-Fernández M, Cordero-Bueso G, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Cantoral JM. Culturable Yeasts as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for a Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:822. [PMID: 33919047 PMCID: PMC8142971 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has negative consequences in terms of soil microbial biodiversity and environmental contamination. Faced with this growing concern, a proposed alternative agricultural method is the use of microorganisms as biofertilizers. Many works have been focused on bacteria, but the limited literature on yeasts and their potential ability to safely promote plant growth is gaining particular attention in recent years. Thus, the objective of this review is to highlight the application of yeasts as biological agents in different sectors of sustainable agricultural practices through direct or indirect mechanisms of action. Direct mechanisms include the ability of yeasts to provide soluble nutrients to plants, produce organic acids and phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid). Indirect mechanisms involve the ability for yeasts to act as biocontrol agents through their high antifungal activity and lower insecticidal and herbicidal activity, and as soil bioremediating agents. They also act as protective agents against extreme environmental factors by activating defense mechanisms. It is evident that all the aspects that yeasts offer could be useful in the creation of quality biofertilizers and biopesticides. Hence, extensive research on yeasts could be promising and potentially provide an environmentally friendly solution to the increased crop production that will be required with a growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Cordero-Bueso
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.H.-F.); (M.R.-M.); (J.M.C.)
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25
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Indole-3-acetic acid is a physiological inhibitor of TORC1 in yeast. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009414. [PMID: 33690632 PMCID: PMC7978357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common, naturally occurring phytohormone that regulates cell division, differentiation, and senescence in plants. The capacity to synthesize IAA is also widespread among plant-associated bacterial and fungal species, which may use IAA as an effector molecule to define their relationships with plants or to coordinate their physiological behavior through cell-cell communication. Fungi, including many species that do not entertain a plant-associated life style, are also able to synthesize IAA, but the physiological role of IAA in these fungi has largely remained enigmatic. Interestingly, in this context, growth of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is sensitive to extracellular IAA. Here, we use a combination of various genetic approaches including chemical-genetic profiling, SAturated Transposon Analysis in Yeast (SATAY), and genetic epistasis analyses to identify the mode-of-action by which IAA inhibits growth in yeast. Surprisingly, these analyses pinpointed the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a central regulator of eukaryotic cell growth, as the major growth-limiting target of IAA. Our biochemical analyses further demonstrate that IAA inhibits TORC1 both in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, we also show that yeast cells are able to synthesize IAA and specifically accumulate IAA upon entry into stationary phase. Our data therefore suggest that IAA contributes to proper entry of yeast cells into a quiescent state by acting as a metabolic inhibitor of TORC1. Auxins are a major group of plant phytohormones that are critical for growth and development. Amongst the auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common, naturally occurring phytohormone that regulates cell division, differentiation, and senescence in plants. Interestingly, the capacity to synthesize and secrete IAA is also widespread among fungi, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the role of IAA in fungi has largely remained unknown. Here, we confirm an earlier observation that IAA inhibits growth of budding yeast and show by diverse genetic and biochemical means that IAA restrains budding yeast growth by inhibiting the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a highly conserved eukaryotic regulator of growth. Intriguingly, budding yeast cells accumulate IAA specifically when limited for nutrients, which suggests that IAA plays a hitherto unknown physiological role in contributing to the establishment of cellular quiescence by acting as a metabolic inhibitor of TORC1.
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26
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Jahn L, Hofmann U, Ludwig-Müller J. Indole-3-Acetic Acid Is Synthesized by the Endophyte Cyanodermella asteris via a Tryptophan-Dependent and -Independent Way and Mediates the Interaction with a Non-Host Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2651. [PMID: 33800748 PMCID: PMC7961953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the main signals playing a role in the communication between host and endophytes. Endophytes can synthesize IAA de novo to influence the IAA homeostasis in plants. Although much is known about IAA biosynthesis in microorganisms, there is still less known about the pathway by which IAA is synthesized in fungal endophytes. The aim of this study is to examine a possible IAA biosynthesis pathway in Cyanodermella asteris. In vitro cultures of C. asteris were incubated with the IAA precursors tryptophan (Trp) and indole, as well as possible intermediates, and they were additionally treated with IAA biosynthesis inhibitors (2-mercaptobenzimidazole and yucasin DF) to elucidate possible IAA biosynthesis pathways. It was shown that (a) C. asteris synthesized IAA without adding precursors; (b) indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAD) increased IAA biosynthesis; and (c) C. asteris synthesized IAA also by a Trp-independent pathway. Together with the genome information of C. asteris, the possible IAA biosynthesis pathways found can improve the understanding of IAA biosynthesis in fungal endophytes. The uptake of fungal IAA into Arabidopsis thaliana is necessary for the induction of lateral roots and other fungus-related growth phenotypes, since the application of the influx inhibitor 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) but not the efflux inhibitor N-1-naphtylphthalamic acid (NPA) were altering these parameters. In addition, the root phenotype of the mutation in an influx carrier, aux1, was partially rescued by C. asteris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.J.); (U.H.)
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Yang X, Liu J, Zhang J, Shen Y, Qi Q, Bao X, Hou J. Quorum sensing-mediated protein degradation for dynamic metabolic pathway control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2021; 64:85-94. [PMID: 33545357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation has been widely applied to optimize metabolic flux distribution. However, compared with prokaryotes, quorum sensing-mediated pathway control is still very limited in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we designed quorum sensing-regulated protein degradation circuits for dynamic metabolic pathway control in S. cerevisiae. The synthetic quorum sensing circuits were developed by integration of a plant hormone cytokinin system with the endogenous yeast Ypd1-Skn7 signal transduction pathway and the positive feedback circuits were optimized by promoter engineering. We then constructed an auxin-inducible protein degradation system and used quorum sensing circuits to regulate auxin synthesis to achieve dynamic control of protein degradation. As a demonstration, the circuits were applied to control Erg9 degradation to produce α-farnesene and the titer of α-farnesene increased by 80%. The population-regulated protein degradation system developed here extends dynamic regulation to the protein level in S. cerevisiae and is a promising approach for metabolic pathway control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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28
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He J, Yu Y, Guo P, Liu X, Zhu B, Cao H. Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐N Bond Formation: A Straightforward Alkoxymethylation Process for the Synthesis of the C1 and C3‐Dialkoxy Indoles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Pengfeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Baofu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
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29
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Miyagi M, Wilson R, Saigusa D, Umeda K, Saijo R, Hager CL, Li Y, McCormick T, Ghannoum MA. Indole-3-acetic acid synthesized through the indole-3-pyruvate pathway promotes Candida tropicalis biofilm formation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244246. [PMID: 33332404 PMCID: PMC7746184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that the elevated abundance of the fungus Candida tropicalis is positively correlated with the bacteria Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens in Crohn’s disease patients and the three pathogens, when co-cultured, form a robust mixed-species biofilm. The finding suggests that these three pathogens communicate and promote biofilm formation, possibly through secretion of small signaling molecules. To identify candidate signaling molecules, we carried out a metabolomic analysis of the single-species and triple-species cultures of the three pathogens. This analysis identified 15 metabolites that were highly increased in the triple-species culture. One highly induced metabolite was indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which has been shown to induce filamentation of certain fungi. We thus tested the effect of IAA on biofilm formation of C. tropicalis and demonstrated that IAA promotes biofilm formation of C. tropicalis. Then, we carried out isotope tracing experiments using 13C-labeled-tryptophan as a precursor to uncover the biosynthesis pathway of IAA in C. tropicalis. The results indicated that C. tropicalis synthesizes IAA through the indole-3-pyruvate pathway. Further studies using inhibitors of the indole-3-pyruvate pathway are warranted to decipher the mechanisms by which IAA influences biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (MAG)
| | - Rachel Wilson
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Umeda
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reina Saijo
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Christopher L. Hager
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuejin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (MAG)
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30
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Kunyeit L, K A AA, Rao RP. Application of Probiotic Yeasts on Candida Species Associated Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040189. [PMID: 32992993 PMCID: PMC7711718 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superficial and life-threatening invasive Candida infections are a major clinical challenge in hospitalized and immuno-compromised patients. Emerging drug-resistance among Candida species is exacerbated by the limited availability of antifungals and their associated side-effects. In the current review, we discuss the application of probiotic yeasts as a potential alternative/ combination therapy against Candida infections. Preclinical studies have identified several probiotic yeasts that effectively inhibit virulence of Candida species, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida auris. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only probiotic yeast commercially available. In addition, clinical studies have further confirmed the in vitro and in vivo activity of the probiotic yeasts against Candida species. Probiotics use a variety of protective mechanisms, including posing a physical barrier, the ability to aggregate pathogens and render them avirulent. Secreted metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids effectively inhibit the adhesion and morphological transition of Candida species. Overall, the probiotic yeasts could be a promising effective alternative or combination therapy for Candida infections. Additional studies would bolster the application of probiotic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohith Kunyeit
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India; (L.K.); (A.K.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Anu-Appaiah K A
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India; (L.K.); (A.K.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Reeta P. Rao
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-831-5000
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Siqueira ACO, Mascarin GM, Gonçalves CRNCB, Marcon J, Quecine MC, Figueira A, Delalibera Í. Multi-Trait Biochemical Features of Metarhizium Species and Their Activities That Stimulate the Growth of Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Keswani C, Singh SP, Cueto L, García-Estrada C, Mezaache-Aichour S, Glare TR, Borriss R, Singh SP, Blázquez MA, Sansinenea E. Auxins of microbial origin and their use in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8549-8565. [PMID: 32918584 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the world population demand, a sustainable agriculture is needed. Since current global vision is more friendly with the environment, eco-friendly alternatives are desirable. In this sense, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria could be the choice for the management of soil-borne diseases of crop plants. These rhizobacteria secrete chemical compounds which act as phytohormones. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class which regulates various processes of plant growth. IAA compound, in which structure can be found a carboxylic acid attached through a methylene group to the C-3 position of an indole ring, is produced both by plants and microorganisms. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and fungi secrete IAA to promote the plant growth. In this review, IAA production and mechanisms of action by bacteria and fungi along with the metabolic pathways evolved in the IAA secretion and commercial prospects are revised.Key points• Many microorganisms produce auxins which help the plant growth promotion.• These auxins improve the plant growth by several mechanisms.• The auxins are produced through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satyendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Laura Cueto
- Instituto de Biotecnología de León (INBIOTEC), Parque Científico de León, Av, Real, 1, 24006, León, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- Instituto de Biotecnología de León (INBIOTEC), Parque Científico de León, Av, Real, 1, 24006, León, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | | | - Travis R Glare
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany.,Nord Reet UG, Marienstr. 27a, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Miguel Angel Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, México.
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Modulating Wine Aromatic Amino Acid Catabolites by Using Torulaspora delbrueckii in Sequentially Inoculated Fermentations or Saccharomyces cerevisiae Alone. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091349. [PMID: 32899614 PMCID: PMC7565473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are the key microorganisms that transform grape juice into wine, and nitrogen is an essential nutrient able to affect yeast cell growth, fermentation kinetics and wine quality. In this work, we focused on the intra- and extracellular metabolomic changes of three aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) during alcoholic fermentation of two grape musts by two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and the sequential inoculation of Torulaspora delbrueckii with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An UPLC-MS/MS method was used to monitor 33 metabolites, and 26 of them were detected in the extracellular samples and 8 were detected in the intracellular ones. The results indicate that the most intensive metabolomic changes occurred during the logarithm cellular growth phase and that pure S. cerevisiae fermentations produced higher amounts of N-acetyl derivatives of tryptophan and tyrosine and the off-odour molecule 2-aminoacetophenone. The sequentially inoculated fermentations showed a slower evolution and a higher production of metabolites linked to the well-known plant hormone indole acetic acid (auxin). Finally, the production of sulfonated tryptophol during must fermentation was confirmed, which also may explain the bitter taste of wines produced by Torulaspora delbrueckii co-fermentations, while sulfonated indole carboxylic acid was detected for the first time in such an experimental design.
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Transcription analysis of Ganoderma lucidum reveals candidate genes and pathways in response to excess exogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA). MYCOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fernandez-San Millan A, Farran I, Larraya L, Ancin M, Arregui LM, Veramendi J. Plant growth-promoting traits of yeasts isolated from Spanish vineyards: benefits for seedling development. Microbiol Res 2020; 237:126480. [PMID: 32402946 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is known that some microorganisms can enhance plant development. However, the use of yeasts as growth-promoting agents has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was the characterisation of a collection of 69 yeast strains isolated from Spanish vineyards. Phytobeneficial attributes such as solubilisation of nutrients, synthesis of active biomolecules and cell wall-degrading enzyme production were analysed. Strains that revealed multiple growth-promoting characteristics were identified. The in vitro co-culture of Nicotiana benthamiana with yeast isolates showed enhancement of plant growth in 10 strains (up to 5-fold higher shoot dry weight in the case of Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii Hp-54), indicating a beneficial direct yeast-plant interaction. In addition, 18 out of the 69 strains increased dry weight and the number of roots per seedling when tobacco seeds were inoculated. Two of these, Pichia dianae Pd-2 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii Mg-11, also increased the chlorophyll content. The results in tobacco were mostly reproduced in lettuce with these two strains, which demonstrates that the effect of the yeast-plant interaction is not species-specific. In addition, the yeast collection was evaluated in maize seedlings grown in soil in a phytotron. Three isolates (Debaryomyces hansenii Dh-67, Lachancea thermotolerans Lt-69 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc-6) promoted seedling development (increases of 10 % in dry weight and chlorophyll content). In conclusion, our data confirm that several yeast strains can promote plant growth and could be considered for the development of biological fertiliser treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernandez-San Millan
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - I Farran
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - L Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - M Ancin
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - L M Arregui
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Veramendi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
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Auxin biosynthesis in the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans is associated with enhanced transcription of indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase LmIPDC2 and tryptophan aminotransferase LmTAM1. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:174-184. [PMID: 32540203 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Auxins are hormones that regulate growth and development in plants. Besides plants, various microorganisms also produce auxins. Here we investigate whether and how the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans biosynthesizes auxins. We characterized the auxin profile of in vitro grown L. maculans. The culture was further supplied with the auxin biosynthetic-precursors tryptophan and tryptamine and gene expression and phytohormone content was analyzed. L. maculans in vitro produced IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) as the predominant auxin metabolite. IAA production could be further stimulated by supplying precursors. Expression of indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase LmIPDC2, tryptophan aminotransferase LmTAM1 and nitrilase LmNIT1 genes was mainly upregulated after adding tryptophan and correlated with IAA production, suggesting that these genes are the key components of auxin biosynthesis in L. maculans. Tryptamine acted as a potent inducer of IAA production, though a pathway independent of LmIPDC2/LmTAM1 may be involved. Despite L. maculans being a rich source of bioactive IAA, the auxin metabolic profile of host plant Brassica napus was not altered upon infection. Exogenous IAA inhibited the growth of L. maculans in vitro when supplied in high concentration. Altogether, we showed that L. maculans is capable of IAA production and we have identified biosynthetic genes that were responsive to tryptophan treatment.
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Mishko A, Lutsky E. The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on antioxidant system of grape leaves infected by downy mildew. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202506006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, results of the comparative analysis and assessment of resistance of two grape cultivars Vostorg and Muscat blanc against downy mildew disease (Plasmopara viticola) with or without the symbiote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vine yeast) were shown. The highly resistant cultivar Vostorg with yeast pre-treatment demonstrated a high defensive capability to the pathogen due to the fast immune response. On the first day after inoculation with downy downy mildew the rapid increase in the hydrogen peroxide, which is involved the first step of the grape’s defense system induction, was observed. At the same time, the upregulation of the relative expression of the PR2 protein (β-1,3-gluconase), a key gene involved in the plant’s resistance to pathogens. The oxidative burst was not detected in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc for the couple of hours after inoculation with downy mildew pathogen. The significant increase of the total phenols content and expression of stilbene synthase, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phytoalexins, was observed in leaves of Muscat blanc. It was shown that pre-treatment of grape leaves with natural symbiote S. cerevisiae enhanced the immune response of the resistant cultivar Vostorg and inducted phytoalexins synthesis in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc.
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Bunsangiam S, Sakpuntoon V, Srisuk N, Ohashi T, Fujiyama K, Limtong S. Biosynthetic Pathway of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Basidiomycetous Yeast Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis. MYCOBIOLOGY 2019; 47:292-300. [PMID: 31565465 PMCID: PMC6758620 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1638672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
IAA biosynthetic pathways in a basidiomycetous yeast, Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-CP293, were investigated. The yeast strain showed tryptophan (Trp)-dependent IAA biosynthesis when grown in tryptophan supplemented mineral salt medium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to further identify the pathway intermediates of Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis. The results indicated that the main intermediates produced by R. fluvialis DMKU-CP293 were tryptamine (TAM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and tryptophol (TOL), whereas indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) was not found. However, supplementation of IPA to the culture medium resulted in IAA peak detection by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the culture supernatant. Key enzymes of three IAA biosynthetic routes, i.e., IPA, IAM and TAM were investigated to clarify the IAA biosynthetic pathways of R. fluvialis DMKU-CP293. Results indicated that the activities of tryptophan aminotransferase, tryptophan 2-monooxygenase, and tryptophan decarboxylase were observed in cell crude extract. Overall results suggested that IAA biosynthetic in this yeast strain mainly occurred via the IPA route. Nevertheless, IAM and TAM pathway might be involved in R. fluvialis DMKU-CP293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakaoduoen Bunsangiam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varunya Sakpuntoon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantana Srisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takao Ohashi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pham MT, Huang CM, Kirschner R. The plant growth-promoting potential of the mesophilic wood-rot mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1157-1171. [PMID: 31291682 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the plant growth-promoting potential of a wood-decay mushroom. METHODS AND RESULTS A wild strain of a white rot fungus (Pleurotus pulmonarius) was found to convert 10 mmol l-1 L-tryptophan (TRP) to approximately 15 μg ml-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under the optimal growth conditions of 30°C and pH 5 for 15 days. Results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated IAA synthesis through the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway when using cellulose as a sole carbon source. The mycelium as well as the culture filtrate promoted the growth and chlorophyll content of seedlings. In a monocotyledonous plant (rice), the number of lateral roots was increased experimentally, whereas in a dicotyledonous plant (tomato), the fungus led to an increased length of shoots and roots. CONCLUSIONS TRP-dependent IAA production was demonstrated for the first time for P. pulmonarius and may be responsible for enhancing plant growth in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Synthesis of IAA as the most prevalent phytohormone in plants has been demonstrated for soil microfungi. Pleurotus pulmonarius is reported as an IAA-producing wood-decay macrofungus. The higher temperature optimum of P. pulmonarius isolated from subtropical environment compared to other Pleurotus species from temperate regions makes it more suitable for application in subtropical/tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - C-M Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - R Kirschner
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Assessing the Stimulatory Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Growth and Sustenance of Yeasts Isolated from Traditional Fermentative Sources Maintained by Six Ethnic Communities of Asssam, North-East India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Dindo M, Costanzi E, Pieroni M, Costantini C, Annunziato G, Bruno A, Keller NP, Romani L, Zelante T, Cellini B. Biochemical Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus AroH, a Putative Aromatic Amino Acid Aminotransferase. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:104. [PMID: 30547035 PMCID: PMC6279937 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in the frequency of nosocomial infections is becoming a major problem for public health, in particular in immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungus normally present in the environment directly responsible for lethal invasive infections. Recent results suggest that the metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism can regulate the fungus-host interaction and that an important role is played by enzymes involved in the catabolism of L-tryptophan. In particular, in A. fumigatus L-tryptophan regulates Aro genes. Among them, AroH encodes a putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase. Here we analyzed the biochemical features of recombinant purified AroH by spectroscopic and kinetic analyses corroborated by in silico studies. We found that the protein is dimeric and tightly binds the coenzyme forming a deprotonated internal aldimine in equilibrium with a protonated ketoenamine form. By setting up a new rapid assay method, we measured the kinetic parameters for the overall transamination of substrates and we demonstrated that AroH behaves as an aromatic amino acid aminotransferase, but also accepts L-kynurenine and α-aminoadipate as amino donors. Interestingly, computational approaches showed that the predicted overall fold and active site topology of the protein are similar to those of its yeast ortholog, albeit with some differences in the regions at the entrance of the active site, which could possibly influence substrate specificity. Should targeting fungal metabolic adaptation be of therapeutic value, the results of the present study may pave the way to the design of specific AroH modulators as potential novel agents at the host/fungus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dindo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Egidia Costanzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- P4T group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Bruno
- P4T group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM-The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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42
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Mehmood A, Hussain A, Irshad M, Hamayun M, Iqbal A, Khan N. In vitro production of IAA by endophytic fungus Aspergillus awamori and its growth promoting activities in Zea mays. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Mendoza-Ochoa GI, Barrass JD, Terlouw BR, Maudlin IE, de Lucas S, Sani E, Aslanzadeh V, Reid JAE, Beggs JD. A fast and tuneable auxin-inducible degron for depletion of target proteins in budding yeast. Yeast 2018; 36:75-81. [PMID: 30375036 PMCID: PMC6587778 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The auxin‐inducible degron (AID) is a useful technique to rapidly deplete proteins of interest in nonplant eukaryotes. Depletion is achieved by addition of the plant hormone auxin to the cell culture, which allows the auxin‐binding receptor, TIR1, to target the AID‐tagged protein for degradation by the proteasome. Fast depletion of the target protein requires good expression of TIR1 protein, but as we show here, high levels of TIR1 may cause uncontrolled depletion of the target protein in the absence of auxin. To enable conditional expression of TIR1 to a high level when required, we regulated the expression of TIR1 using the β‐estradiol expression system. This is a fast‐acting gene induction system that does not cause secondary effects on yeast cell metabolism. We demonstrate that combining the AID and β‐estradiol systems results in a tightly controlled and fast auxin‐induced depletion of nuclear target proteins. Moreover, we show that depletion rate can be tuned by modulating the duration of β‐estradiol preincubation. We conclude that TIR1 protein is a rate‐limiting factor for target protein depletion in yeast, and we provide new tools that allow tightly controlled, tuneable, and efficient depletion of essential proteins whereas minimising secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo I Mendoza-Ochoa
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J David Barrass
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara R Terlouw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabella E Maudlin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana de Lucas
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emanuela Sani
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vahid Aslanzadeh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane A E Reid
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jean D Beggs
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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44
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Numponsak T, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Matsui K, Lumyong S. Biosynthetic pathway and optimal conditions for the production of indole-3-acetic acid by an endophytic fungus, Colletotrichum fructicola CMU-A109. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205070. [PMID: 30335811 PMCID: PMC6193638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which can stimulate plant growth. Twenty-seven isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from Coffea arabica in northern Thailand. Only one isolate (CMU-A109) produced IAA in vitro. This isolate was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of a combined five loci (internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, actin, β-tubulin 2, chitin synthase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes). Identification of a fungal IAA production obtained from indole 3-acetamide (IAM) and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity is suggestive of IAM routed IAA biosynthesis. The highest IAA yield (1205.58±151.89 μg/mL) was obtained after 26 days of cultivation in liquid medium supplemented with 8 mg/mL L-tryptophan at 30°C. Moreover, the crude fungal IAA could stimulate coleoptile elongation of maize, rice and rye. This is the first report of IAA production by C. fructicola and its ability to produce IAA was highest when compared with previous reports on IAA produced by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapon Numponsak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mia, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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45
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Mutlu N, Kumar A. Messengers for morphogenesis: inositol polyphosphate signaling and yeast pseudohyphal growth. Curr Genet 2018; 65:119-125. [PMID: 30101372 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to various environmental stimuli and stressors, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can initiate a striking morphological transition from its classic growth mode as isolated single cells to a filamentous form in which elongated cells remain connected post-cytokinesis in multi-cellular pseudohyphae. The formation of pseudohyphal filaments is regulated through an expansive signaling network, encompassing well studied and highly conserved pathways enabling changes in cell polarity, budding, cytoskeletal organization, and cell adhesion; however, changes in metabolite levels underlying the pseudohyphal growth transition are less well understood. We have recently identified a function for second messenger inositol polyphosphates (InsPs) in regulating pseudohyphal growth. InsPs are formed through the cleavage of membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and these soluble compounds are now being appreciated as important regulators of diverse processes, from phosphate homeostasis to cell migration. We find that kinases in the InsP pathway are required for wild-type pseudohyphal growth, and that InsP species exhibit characteristic profiles under conditions promoting filamentation. Ratios of the doubly phosphorylated InsP7 isoforms 5PP-InsP5 to 1PP-InsP5 are elevated in mutants exhibiting exaggerated pseudohyphal growth. Interestingly, S. cerevisiae mutants deleted of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Kss1p or Fus3p or the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) family member Snf1p display mutant InsP profiles, suggesting that these signaling pathways may contribute to the regulatory mechanism controlling InsP levels. Consequently, analyses of yeast pseudohyphal growth may be informative in identifying mechanisms regulating InsPs, while indicating a new function for these conserved second messengers in modulating cell stress responses and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebibe Mutlu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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46
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Dorighetto Cogo AJ, Dutra Ferreira KDR, Okorokov LA, Ramos AC, Façanha AR, Okorokova-Façanha AL. Spermine modulates fungal morphogenesis and activates plasma membrane H +-ATPase during yeast to hyphae transition. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.029660. [PMID: 29361612 PMCID: PMC5861359 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines play a regulatory role in eukaryotic cell growth and morphogenesis. Despite many molecular advances, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we investigate a mechanism by which spermine affects the morphogenesis of a dimorphic fungal model of emerging relevance in plant interactions, Yarrowia lipolytica, through the recruitment of a phytohormone-like pathway involving activation of the plasma membrane P-type H+-ATPase. Morphological transition was followed microscopically, and the H+-ATPase activity was analyzed in isolated membrane vesicles. Proton flux and acidification were directly probed at living cell surfaces by a non-invasive selective ion electrode technique. Spermine and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced the yeast-hypha transition, influencing the colony architecture. Spermine induced H+-ATPase activity and H+ efflux in living cells correlating with yeast-hypha dynamics. Pharmacological inhibition of spermine and IAA pathways prevented the physio-morphological responses, and indicated that spermine could act upstream of the IAA pathway. This study provides the first compelling evidence on the fungal morphogenesis and colony development as modulated by a spermine-induced acid growth mechanism analogous to that previously postulated for the multicellular growth regulation of plants. Summary: This study presents a new mechanistic model for the integrative role of the polyamine spermine and hormone auxin in the signaling of yeast-to-hypha transition, filling an important gap in fungal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Keilla Dos Reis Dutra Ferreira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Lev A Okorokov
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Alessandro C Ramos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Arnoldo R Façanha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Anna L Okorokova-Façanha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Pq. Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ 28013-602, Brazil
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47
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Sardar P, Kempken F. Characterization of indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway-mediated biosynthesis of auxin in Neurospora crassa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192293. [PMID: 29420579 PMCID: PMC5805262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, bacteria and some fungi are known to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by employing various pathways. Among these pathways, the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway is the best studied in green plants and plant-associated beneficial microbes. While IAA production circuitry in plants has been studied for decades, little is known regarding the IAA biosynthesis pathway in fungal species. Here, we present the first data for IAA-producing genes and the associated biosynthesis pathway in a non-pathogenic fungus, Neurospora crassa. For this purpose, we used a computational approach to determine the genes and outlined the IAA production circuitry in N. crassa. We then validated these data with experimental evidence. Here, we describe the homologous genes that are present in the IPA pathway of IAA production in N. crassa. High-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography unambiguously identified IAA, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and tryptophol (TOL) from cultures supplemented with tryptophan. Deletion of the gene (cfp) that encodes the enzyme indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, which converts IPA to indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld), results in an accumulation of higher levels of ILA in the N. crassa culture medium. A double knock-out strain (Δcbs-3;Δahd-2) for the enzyme IAAld dehydrogenase, which converts IAAld to IAA, shows a many fold decrease in IAA production compared with the wild type strain. The Δcbs-3;Δahd-2 strain also displays slower conidiation and produces many fewer conidiospores than the wild type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspendu Sardar
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Kempken
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Choera T, Zelante T, Romani L, Keller NP. A Multifaceted Role of Tryptophan Metabolism and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Aspergillus fumigatus-Host Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1996. [PMID: 29403477 PMCID: PMC5786828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent filamentous fungal pathogen of humans, causing either severe allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or often fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in individuals with hyper- or hypo-immune deficiencies, respectively. Disease is primarily initiated upon the inhalation of the ubiquitous airborne conidia—the initial inoculum produced by A. fumigatus—which are complete developmental units with an ability to exploit diverse environments, ranging from agricultural composts to animal lungs. Upon infection, conidia initially rely on their own metabolic processes for survival in the host’s lungs, a nutritionally limiting environment. One such nutritional limitation is the availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) as animals lack the enzymes to synthesize tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine and only produce tyrosine from dietary phenylalanine. However, A. fumigatus produces all three AAAs through the shikimate–chorismate pathway, where they play a critical role in fungal growth and development and in yielding many downstream metabolites. The downstream metabolites of Trp in A. fumigatus include the immunomodulatory kynurenine derived from indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and toxins such as fumiquinazolines, gliotoxin, and fumitremorgins. Host IDO activity and/or host/microbe-derived kynurenines are increasingly correlated with many Aspergillus diseases including IPA and infections of chronic granulomatous disease patients. In this review, we will describe the potential metabolic cross talk between the host and the pathogen, specifically focusing on Trp metabolism, the implications for therapeutics, and the recent studies on the coevolution of host and microbe IDO activation in regulating inflammation, while controlling infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsokyi Choera
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Nutaratat P, Monprasit A, Srisuk N. High-yield production of indole-3-acetic acid by Enterobacter sp. DMKU-RP206, a rice phyllosphere bacterium that possesses plant growth-promoting traits. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:305. [PMID: 28948133 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter sp. DMKU-RP206 was isolated from rice leaves in Thailand and identified by the 16S rRNA gene and multilocus sequence (gyrB, rpoB, atpD, and infB genes) analysis. The bacterium was assessed on plant growth-promoting traits including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and antagonism to fungal plant pathogens, as well as siderophore production, were shown by this bacterium. However, only IAA production was focused on. The production of IAA by Enterobacter sp. DMKU-RP206 was optimized by statistical methods. A Box-Behnken design was used for the investigation of interactions among the basic influencing factors and for the optimization of IAA production. The results showed that l-tryptophan had a significant importance in terms of IAA production. Enterobacter sp. DMKU-RP206 produced a higher amount of IAA than previously reported for the genus Enterobacter. 0.85% of lactose as a carbon source, 1.3% of yeast extract as a nitrogen source, 1.1% of l-tryptophan as a precursor, 0.4% of NaCl, an initial pH of 5.8, an incubation temperature at 30 °C, and a shaking speed of 200 rpm were found to be the optimum conditions for IAA production. In addition, IAA production was performed to scale up IAA production, and the highest amount, 5561.7 mg l-1, was obtained. This study reported a 13.4-fold improvement in IAA production by Enterobacter sp. DMKU-RP206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumin Nutaratat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Apitchaya Monprasit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Nantana Srisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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Liao X, Lovett B, Fang W, St Leger RJ. Metarhizium robertsii produces indole-3-acetic acid, which promotes root growth in Arabidopsis and enhances virulence to insects. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:980-991. [PMID: 28708056 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant root colonizing insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii has been shown to boost plant growth, but little is known about the responsible mechanisms. Here we show that M. robertsii promotes lateral root growth and root hair development of Arabidopsis seedlings in part through an auxin [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)]-dependent mechanism. M. robertsii, or its auxin-containing culture filtrate promoted root proliferation, activated IAA-regulated gene expression and rescued the root hair defect of the IAA-deficient rhd6 Arabidopsis mutant. Substrate feeding assays suggest that M. robertsii possesses tryptamine (TAM) and indole-3-acetamide tryptophan (Trp)-dependent auxin biosynthetic pathways. Deletion of Mrtdc impaired M. robertsii IAA production by blocking conversion of Trp to TAM but the reduction was not sufficient to affect plant growth enhancement. We also show that M. robertsii secretes IAA on insect cuticle. ∆Mrtdc produced fewer infection structures and was less virulent to insects than the wild-type, whereas M. robertsii spores harvested from culture media containing IAA were more virulent. Furthermore, exogenous application of IAA increased appressorial formation and virulence. Together, these results suggest that auxins play an important role in the ability of M. robertsii to promote plant growth, and the endogenous pathways for IAA production may also be involved in regulating entomopathogenicity. Auxins were also produced by other Metarhizium species and the endophytic insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana suggesting that interplay between plant- and fungal-derived auxins has important implications for plant-microbe-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Liao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, PR China
| | - Brian Lovett
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Weiguo Fang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Raymond J St Leger
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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