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Brown CV, McKnight JC, Bain AR, Tremblay JC, Patrician A, McDonald BI, Williams CL, Hindle AG, Pallin LJ, Costa DP, Dujic Z, Macleod DB, Williams TM, Ponganis PJ, Ainslie PN. Selected and shared hematological responses to apnea in elite human free divers and northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R46-R53. [PMID: 38766773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite elite human free divers achieving incredible feats in competitive free diving, there has yet to be a study that compares consummate divers, (i.e. northern elephant seals) to highly conditioned free divers (i.e., elite competitive free-diving humans). Herein, we compare these two diving models and suggest that hematological traits detected in seals reflect species-specific specializations, while hematological traits shared between the two species are fundamental mammalian characteristics. Arterial blood samples were analyzed in elite human free divers (n = 14) during a single, maximal volitional apnea and in juvenile northern elephant seals (n = 3) during rest-associated apnea. Humans and elephant seals had comparable apnea durations (∼6.5 min) and end-apneic arterial Po2 [humans: 40.4 ± 3.0 mmHg (means ± SE); seals: 27.1 ± 5.9 mmHg; P = 0.2]. Despite similar increases in arterial Pco2 (humans: 33 ± 5%; seals: 16.3 ± 5%; P = 0.2), only humans experienced reductions in pH from baseline (humans: 7.45 ± 0.01; seals: 7.39 ± 0.02) to end apnea (humans: 7.37 ± 0.01; seals: 7.38 ± 0.02; P < 0.0001). Hemoglobin P50 was greater in humans compared to elephant seals (29.9 ± 1.5 and 28.7 ± 0.6 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.046). Elephant seals overall had higher carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels (5.9 ± 2.6%) compared to humans (0.8 ± 1.2%; P < 0.0001); however, following apnea, COHb was reduced in seals (baseline: 6.1 ± 0.3%; end apnea: 5.6 ± 0.3%) and was slightly elevated in humans (baseline: 0.7 ± 0.1%; end apnea: 0.9 ± 0.1%; P < 0.0002, both comparisons). Our data indicate that during static apnea, seals have reduced hemoglobin P50, greater pH buffering, and increased COHb levels. The differences in hemoglobin P50 are likely due to the differences in the physiological environment between the two species during apnea, whereas enhanced pH buffering and higher COHb may represent traits selected for in elephant seals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study uses similar methods and protocols in elite human free divers and northern elephant seals. Using highly conditioned divers (elite free-diving humans) and highly adapted divers (northern elephant seals), we explored which hematological traits are fundamentally mammalian and which may have been selected for. We found differences in P50, which may be due to different physiological environments between species, while elevated pH buffering and carbon monoxide levels might have been selected for in seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney V Brown
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Chris McKnight
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua C Tremblay
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Patrician
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Birgitte I McDonald
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, Moss Landing, California, United States
| | | | - Allyson G Hindle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
| | - Logan J Pallin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- Department of Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - David B Macleod
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Terrie M Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Paul J Ponganis
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Gulden S, Cervellini G, Colombo M, Marangoni MB, Taccani V, Pesenti N, Raffaeli G, Araimo G, Osnaghi S, Fumagalli M, Garrido F, Villamor E, Cavallaro G. Hyperbilirubinemia and retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05630-3. [PMID: 38877325 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disease in preterm infants. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ROP. Due to its antioxidant effects, bilirubin has been proposed to be protective against ROP. This study explored the association between hyperbilirubinemia and ROP. We analyzed a 10-year cohort from a neonatal intensive care unit in Milan, Italy, including 1606 infants born under 32 weeks and/or < 1500 g. Data from 1606 infants meeting specific inclusion criteria were reviewed. Eighty infants were excluded due to lack of data, 1526 were deemed eligible for analysis, and 1269 had hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. There was a higher incidence of ROP among infants with hyperbilirubinemia (13.8%) versus those without (7.8%, p<0.01). Infants with any ROP, non-severe or severe ROP, were exposed to hyperbilirubinemia for a significantly higher number of days compared with those without ROP. Each additional day of exposure increases the risk of developing any ROP by 5%, non-severe ROP by 4%, and severe ROP by 6%. However, this correlation was not observed in infants with gestational age less than 27 weeks and/or body weight less than 1000 g. Conclusion: Our data show that hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy is associated with an increased risk of developing ROP. However, severe hyperbilirubinemia and ROP share many of their risk factors. Therefore, rather than being a risk factor itself, hyperbilirubinemia may be a surrogate for other risk factors for ROP. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05806684. What is Known: • The development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is influenced by several critical risk factors, including low gestational age, low birth weight, supplemental oxygen use, and increased oxidative stress. • In vitro, unconjugated bilirubin is an effective scavenger of harmful oxygen species and a reducing agent, highlighting its potential protective role against oxidative stress. What is New: • Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy was associated with an increased risk of developing ROP, but this association was not observed in the most vulnerable population of extremely preterm infants. • Every additional day of phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia increases the risk of ROP by 5% for any ROP, 4% for non-severe ROP, and 6% for severe ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gulden
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, 22042, Como, Italy
| | - Gaia Cervellini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Colombo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, 22042, Como, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Marangoni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Taccani
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pesenti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Revelo Datalabs S.R.L, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Raffaeli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Araimo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Osnaghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Felipe Garrido
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Division of Neonatology, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Przybylski P, Żebrowski M, Witkowski W, Cybularczyk-Cecotka M, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant Activity of Bilirubin in Micellar and Liposomal Systems Is pH-Dependent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38671874 PMCID: PMC11047478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR), a product of heme catabolism, plays a critical role in biological systems. Although increased levels of BR result in hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice, there is increasing evidence that lower concentrations substantially decrease the risk of oxidative stress-mediated diseases due to antioxidant functions of BR. We studied the radical-trapping ability of BR in two model systems, micellar and liposomal, at a broad pH range. At pH < 6.0, BR behaves as a retardant; however, at pH ≥ 6.0, BR becomes strong radical trapping antioxidant, with rate constants for reaction with lipidperoxyl radicals (kinh) within the range from 1.2 × 104 M-1 s-1 to 3.5 × 104 M-1 s-1, and in liposomal system, the activity of BR is comparable to α-tocopherol. This transition is likely facilitated by the ionization of carboxyl groups, leading to a conformational shift in BR and improved solubility/localization at the water/lipid interface. This is the first experimental evidence of the role of pH on the antioxidant activity of bilirubin, and the observed pH-dependent radical-trapping ability of BR holds practical significance, particularly in jaundice treatment where light therapy targets the skin's weakly acidic surface. Minor adjustments toward neutral or alkaline pH can enhance radical-trapping action of BR, thereby mitigating oxidative stress induced with blue or violet light exposure.
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Janampalli M, Kitchen ST, Vatolin S, Tang N, He M, Bearer CF. Choline supplementation mitigates effects of bilirubin in cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-023-02968-6. [PMID: 38172213 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature infants may suffer from high levels of bilirubin that could lead to neurotoxicity. Bilirubin has been shown to decrease L1-mediated ERK1/2 signaling, L1 phosphorylation, and L1 tyrosine 1176 dephosphorylation. Furthermore, bilirubin redistributes L1 into lipid rafts (LR) and decreases L1-mediated neurite outgrowth. We demonstrate that choline supplementation improves L1 function and signaling in the presence of bilirubin. METHODS Cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) were cultured with and without supplemental choline, and the effects on L1 signaling and function were measured in the presence of bilirubin. L1 activation of ERK1/2, L1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation were measured. L1 distribution in LR was quantified and neurite outgrowth of CGN was determined. RESULTS Forty µM choline significantly reduced the effect of bilirubin on L1 activation of ERK1/2 by 220% (p = 0.04), and increased L1 triggered changes in tyrosine phosphorylation /dephosphorylation of L1 by 34% (p = 0.026) and 35% (p = 0.02) respectively. Choline ameliorated the redistribution of L1 in lipid rafts by 38% (p = 0.02) and increased L1-mediated mean neurite length by 11% (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Choline pretreatment of CGN significantly reduced the disruption of L1 function by bilirubin. The supplementation of pregnant women and preterm infants with choline may increase infant resilience to the effects of bilirubin. IMPACT This article establishes choline as an intervention for the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin on lipid rafts. This article provides clear evidence toward establishing one intervention for bilirubin neurotoxicity, where little is understood. This article paves the way for future investigation into the mechanism of the ameliorative effect of choline on bilirubin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinaj Janampalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Spencer T Kitchen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sergei Vatolin
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ningfeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Min He
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Cynthia F Bearer
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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5
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La Salvia A, Lens-Pardo A, López-López A, Carretero-Puche C, Capdevila J, Benavent M, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Castellano D, Alonso T, Teule A, Custodio A, Tafuto S, La Casta A, Spada F, Lopez-Gonzalvez A, Gil-Calderon B, Espinosa-Olarte P, Barbas C, Garcia-Carbonero R, Soldevilla B. Metabolomic profile of neuroendocrine tumors identifies methionine, porphyrin, and tryptophan metabolisms as key dysregulated pathways associated with patient survival. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:62-74. [PMID: 38033321 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic profiling is a valuable tool to characterize tumor biology but remains largely unexplored in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Our aim was to comprehensively assess the metabolomic profile of NETs and identify novel prognostic biomarkers and dysregulated molecular pathways. DESIGN AND METHODS Multiplatform untargeted metabolomic profiling (GC-MS, CE-MS, and LC-MS) was performed in plasma from 77 patients with G1-2 extra-pancreatic NETs enrolled in the AXINET trial (NCT01744249) (study cohort) and from 68 non-cancer individuals (control). The prognostic value of each differential metabolite (n = 155) in NET patients (P < .05) was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for multiple testing and other confounding factors. Related pathways were explored by Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) and Metabolite Pathway Analysis (MPA). RESULTS Thirty-four metabolites were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (n = 16) and/or overall survival (OS) (n = 27). Thirteen metabolites remained significant independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis, 3 of them with a significant impact on both PFS and OS. Unsupervised clustering of these 3 metabolites stratified patients in 3 distinct prognostic groups (1-year PFS of 71.1%, 47.7%, and 15.4% (P = .012); 5-year OS of 69.7%, 32.5%, and 27.7% (P = .003), respectively). The MSEA and MPA of the 13-metablolite signature identified methionine, porphyrin, and tryptophan metabolisms as the 3 most relevant dysregulated pathways associated with the prognosis of NETs. CONCLUSIONS We identified a metabolomic signature that improves prognostic stratification of NET patients beyond classical prognostic factors for clinical decisions. The enriched metabolic pathways identified reveal novel tumor vulnerabilities that may foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna La Salvia
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Lens-Pardo
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel López-López
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Carretero-Puche
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Capdevila
- Vall Hebron University Hospital and Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Benavent
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Jiménez-Fonseca
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Teule
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Custodio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERONC CB16/12/00398, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumours Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaida La Casta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesca Spada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Angeles Lopez-Gonzalvez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gil-Calderon
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Espinosa-Olarte
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Garcia-Carbonero
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Soldevilla
- Center of Experimental Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Neuroendrocrine Tumors Research Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology Department, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Lv J, Zhou S, Lin S, Huang S, Zheng L, Deng G, Feng Y, Zhang G, Feng W. Overall and individual associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and liver function indices and the metabolic mechanism. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108405. [PMID: 38163401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can disrupt liver homeostasis. Studies have shown that a single exposure to PFAS may provoke abnormal liver function; however, few studies have investigated the overall effect of PFAS mixtures. We aimed to investigate associations between exposure to PFAS mixtures and liver function indices and explore the relevant mechanisms. This study included 278 adult males from Guangzhou, China. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. We applied weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression as well as Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to analyze the association of nine PFAS mixtures with 14 liver function indices. PFAS mixtures were positively associated with apolipoprotein B (APOB) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and negatively associated with direct bilirubin (DBIL) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in both the WQS and BKMR analyses. In addition, Spearman's correlation test showed individual PFAS correlated with APOB, GGT, TBIL, and DBIL, while there's little correlation between individual PFAS and other liver function indices. In linear regression analysis, PFHxS, PFOS, PFHpS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUdA were associated with APOB; PFOA, PFDA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFUdA were associated with GGT. Subsequently, a metabolome-wide association study and mediation analysis were combined to explore metabolites that mediate these associations. The mechanisms linking PFAS to APOB and GGT are mainly related with amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. High-dimensional mediation analysis showed that glycerophospholipids are the main markers of the association between PFAS and APOB, and that (R)-dihydromaleimide, Ile Leu, (R)-(+)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, and L-glutamate are the main markers of the association between PFAS and GGT. In summary, overall associations between PFAS and specific indices of liver function were found using two statistical methods; the metabolic pathways and markers identified here may serve to prompt more detailed study in animal-based systems, as well as a similar detailed analysis in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Jiayun Lv
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shaobin Lin
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suli Huang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linjie Zheng
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanhua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenru Feng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
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Chen QD, Liu L, Zhao XH, Liang JB, Li SW. Challenges and opportunities in the islet transplantation microenvironment: a comprehensive summary of inflammatory cytokine, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293762. [PMID: 38111575 PMCID: PMC10725940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now understood that islet transplantation serves as a β-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. Many factors impact the survival of transplanted islets, especially those related to the microenvironment. This review explored microenvironmental components, including vascular endothelial cells, inflammatory cytokines, and immune cells, and their profound effects on post-islet transplantation survival rates. Furthermore, it revealed therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these elements. Current evidence suggests that vascular endothelial cells are pivotal in facilitating vascularization and nutrient supply and establishing a new microcirculation network for transplanted islets. Consequently, preserving the functionality of vascular endothelial cells emerges as a crucial strategy to enhance the survival of islet transplantation. Release of cytokines will lead to activation of immune cells and production and release of further cytokines. While immune cells hold undeniable significance in regulating immune responses, their activation can result in rejection reactions. Thus, establishing immunological tolerance within the recipient's body is essential for sustaining graft functionality. Indeed, future research endeavors should be directed toward developing precise strategies for modulating the microenvironment to achieve higher survival rates and more sustained transplantation outcomes. While acknowledging certain limitations inherent to this review, it provides valuable insights that can guide further exploration in the field of islet transplantation. In conclusion, the microenvironment plays a paramount role in islet transplantation. Importantly, we discuss novel perspectives that could lead to broader clinical applications and improved patient outcomes in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-dong Chen
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-hong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University , Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-bo Liang
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Park SJ, Lim JH, Lee J, Lee J, Hwang S, Kim H, Jo S, Shin D, Ma SH, Kim ML, Shin YG. Investigation of pharmacokinetic properties of a PEGylated bilirubin nanoparticle in male Sprague-Dawley rats using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2023:1-36. [PMID: 37971300 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2284859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced into synthetic bilirubin 3α and a PEGylated bilirubin 3α nanoparticle (BX-001N, Brixelle®) was developed for the first time.An in vitro microsomal stability study, in vivo PK studies with intravenous bolus (IV) and subcutaneous injection (SC), and a semi-mass balance study of BX-001N were investigated to evaluate its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using developed liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF/MS).Following IV administration at 10 or 30 mg/kg, BX-001N showed very low clearance (0.33-0.67 mL/min/kg) with predominant distribution in the vascular system (Vd = 51.73-83.02 mL/kg). BX-001N was also very stable in vitro liver microsomal stability study.Following SC administration at 10 or 30 mg/kg, the bioavailability of BX-001N in plasma at 10 mg/kg was around 43% and showed the less dose-proportionality at 30 mg/kg dose.BX-001N was mainly excreted via the urinary pathway (86.59-92.99% of total amount of parent drug in excreta; urine and feces) not via the biliary one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Jin Park
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Lim
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jiyu Lee
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Sangsoo Hwang
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Bilix Co., Ltd. C-Suite 604, 338, Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Bldg. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16942, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jo
- Bilix Co., Ltd. C-Suite 604, 338, Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Bldg. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16942, South Korea
| | - Duckhyang Shin
- Bilix Co., Ltd. C-Suite 604, 338, Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Bldg. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16942, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Ma
- Bilix Co., Ltd. C-Suite 604, 338, Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Bldg. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16942, South Korea
| | - Myung L Kim
- Bilix Co., Ltd. C-Suite 604, 338, Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Bldg. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16942, South Korea
| | - Young G Shin
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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9
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Özilhan MO, Açıkgöz SK. Serum total bilirubin level is associated with contrast induced nephropathy after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Angiology 2023; 74:981-986. [PMID: 37368236 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231186084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) is a major complication of angiographic procedures. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the preferred treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) but is associated with a risk of CIN. Oxidative stress and free radical damage play a role in the pathogenesis of CIN. Bilirubin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and has been shown to have a protective effect on endothelial cells. The present study aimed to assess the association between serum bilirubin level and development of CIN after pPCI. Sequential STEMI patients (n = 595) who underwent pPCI between January 2021 and December 2022 were enrolled. Among the participants, 116 (19.5%) developed CIN. Serum total bilirubin level was significantly lower in the CIN group (P = .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum bilirubin level was found as an independent predictor of CIN. Age, gender, contrast volume, and white blood cell count were other independent predictors of CIN. A higher serum bilirubin level is associated with a lower risk of CIN in the present study. In STEMI patients undergoing pPCI, serum bilirubin level may be helpful to predict the risk of CIN and may help ensure early initiation of preventive treatment and careful follow-up.
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10
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Pavlíková N, Šrámek J, Jaček M, Kovář J, Němcová V. Targets for pollutants in rat and human pancreatic beta-cells: The effect of prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers on the expression of function- and survival-related proteins. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104299. [PMID: 37865351 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Decades after most countries banned hexachlorocyclohexane, HCH isomers still pollute the environment. Many studies described HCH as a pro-diabetic factor; nevertheless, the effect of HCH isomers on pancreatic beta-cells remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of a one-month exposure to α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH on protein expression in human (NES2Y) and rat (INS1E) pancreatic beta-cell lines. α-HCH and γ-HCH increased proinsulin and insulin levels in INS1E cells, while β-HCH showed the opposite trend. α-HCH altered the expression of PKA, ATF3, and PLIN2. β-HCH affected the expression of GLUT1, GLUT2, PKA, ATF3, p-eIF2α, ATP-CL, and PLIN2. γ-HCH altered the expression of PKA, ATF3, PLIN2, PLIN5, and IDH1. From the tested proteins, PKA, ATF3, and PLIN-2 were the most sensitive to HCH exposure and have the potential to be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pavlíková
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Šrámek
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jaček
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Němcová
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Llido JP, Jayanti S, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin and Redox Stress in Age-Related Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37627520 PMCID: PMC10451892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox status has a crucial role in brain physiology, as well as in pathologic conditions. Physiologic senescence, by dysregulating cellular redox homeostasis and decreasing antioxidant defenses, enhances the central nervous system's susceptibility to diseases. The reduction of free radical accumulation through lifestyle changes, and the supplementation of antioxidants as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach to increase brain health, are strongly suggested. Bilirubin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, with more and more recognized roles as a biomarker of disease resistance, a predictor of all-cause mortality, and a molecule that may promote health in adults. The alteration of the expression and activity of the enzymes involved in bilirubin production, as well as an altered blood bilirubin level, are often reported in neurologic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases (together denoted NCDs) in aging. These changes may predict or contribute both positively and negatively to the diseases. Understanding the role of bilirubin in the onset and progression of NCDs will be functional to consider the benefits vs. the drawbacks and to hypothesize the best strategies for its manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Llido
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
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12
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Panova IG, Tatikolov AS. Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants as Agents Preventing the Negative Effects of Contrast Media (Contrast-Induced Nephropathy). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1077. [PMID: 37630992 PMCID: PMC10458090 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of conventional contrast media for diagnostic purposes (in particular, Gd-containing and iodinated agents) causes a large number of complications, the most common of which is contrast-induced nephropathy. It has been shown that after exposure to contrast agents, oxidative stress often occurs in patients, especially in people suffering from various diseases. Antioxidants in the human body can diminish the pathological consequences of the use of contrast media by suppressing oxidative stress. This review considers the research studies on the role of antioxidants in preventing the negative consequences of the use of contrast agents in diagnostics (mainly contrast-induced nephropathy) and the clinical trials of different antioxidant drugs against contrast-induced nephropathy. Composite antioxidant/contrast systems as theranostic agents are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina G. Panova
- International Scientific and Practical Center of Tissue Proliferation, 29/14 Prechistenka Str., 119034 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander S. Tatikolov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Pálešová N, Maitre L, Stratakis N, Řiháčková K, Pindur A, Kohoutek J, Šenk P, Bartošková Polcrová A, Gregor P, Vrijheid M, Čupr P. Firefighters and the liver: Exposure to PFAS and PAHs in relation to liver function and serum lipids (CELSPAC-FIREexpo study). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 252:114215. [PMID: 37418783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firefighting is one of the most hazardous occupations due to exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such exposure is suspected to affect the cardiometabolic profile, e.g., liver function and serum lipids. However, only a few studies have investigated the impact of this specific exposure among firefighters. METHODS Men included in the CELSPAC-FIREexpo study were professional firefighters (n = 52), newly recruited firefighters in training (n = 58), and controls (n = 54). They completed exposure questionnaires and provided 1-3 samples of urine and blood during the 11-week study period to allow assessment of their exposure to PFAS (6 compounds) and PAHs (6 compounds), and to determine biomarkers of liver function (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (BIL)) and levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG)). The associations between biomarkers were investigated both cross-sectionally using multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian weighted quantile sum (BWQS) regression and prospectively using MLR. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and false discovery rate correction was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS A positive association between exposure to PFAS and PAH mixture and BIL (β = 28.6%, 95% CrI = 14.6-45.7%) was observed by the BWQS model. When the study population was stratified, in professional firefighters and controls the mixture showed a positive association with CHOL (β = 29.5%, CrI = 10.3-53.6%) and LDL (β = 26.7%, CrI = 8.3-48.5%). No statistically significant associations with individual compounds were detected using MLR. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the associations between exposure to PFAS and PAHs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in the Czech men, including firefighters. The results suggest that higher exposure to a mixture of these compounds is associated with an increase in BIL and the alteration of serum lipids, which can result in an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pálešová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarína Řiháčková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pindur
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Czech Republic; Training Centre of Fire Rescue Service, Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, Ministry of the Interior, Trnkova 85, 628 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Gomes AR, Guimarães ATB, Matos LPD, Silva AM, Rodrigues ASDL, de Oliveira Ferreira R, Islam ARMT, Rahman MM, Ragavendran C, Kamaraj C, Silva FG, Malafaia G. Potential ecotoxicity of substrate-enriched zinc oxide nanoparticles to Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162382. [PMID: 36828072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the ecotoxicological effects of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have already been reported in different taxa, little is known about their impacts on amphibians. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the potential effects of exposure of Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles to substrates enriched with ZnO NPs (and with its ionic counterpart, Zn+2, ZnCl2 - both at 100 mg/kg) previously used in the cultivation of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass). We showed that although exposure for 21 days did not impact the survival, growth, and development of tadpoles, we noted an increase in the frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in the "ZnCl2" and "ZnONP" groups, which was associated with suppression of antioxidant activity in the animals (inferred by SOD and CAT activity and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity). In the tadpoles of the "ZnONP" group, we also noticed a reduction in creatinine and bilirubin levels, alpha-amylase activity, and an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. But the treatments did not alter the activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase and total protein and carbohydrate levels. On the other hand, we report a cholinesterase and hypotriglyceridemic effect in the "ZnCl2" and "ZnONP" groups. Zn bioaccumulation in animals, from ZnO NPs, from Zn+2 released from them, or both, has been associated with causing these changes. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and the values of the "Integrated Biomarker Response" index revealed that the exposure of animals to substrates enriched with ZnO NPs caused more pronounced effects than those attributed to its ionic counterpart. Therefore, our study reinforces the need to consider the environmental risks of using these nanomaterials for agricultural purposes for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute - Campus Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Paiva de Matos
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Abner Marcelino Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Raíssa de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute - Campus Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Brazilian Academy of Young Scientists (ABJC), Brazil.
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15
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Gallo DM, Romero R, Bosco M, Gotsch F, Jaiman S, Jung E, Suksai M, Ramón Y Cajal CL, Yoon BH, Chaiworapongsa T. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:S1158-S1178. [PMID: 37012128 PMCID: PMC10291742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Green-stained amniotic fluid, often referred to as meconium-stained amniotic fluid, is present in 5% to 20% of patients in labor and is considered an obstetric hazard. The condition has been attributed to the passage of fetal colonic content (meconium), intraamniotic bleeding with the presence of heme catabolic products, or both. The frequency of green-stained amniotic fluid increases as a function of gestational age, reaching approximately 27% in post-term gestation. Green-stained amniotic fluid during labor has been associated with fetal acidemia (umbilical artery pH <7.00), neonatal respiratory distress, and seizures as well as cerebral palsy. Hypoxia is widely considered a mechanism responsible for fetal defecation and meconium-stained amniotic fluid; however, most fetuses with meconium-stained amniotic fluid do not have fetal acidemia. Intraamniotic infection/inflammation has emerged as an important factor in meconium-stained amniotic fluid in term and preterm gestations, as patients with these conditions have a higher rate of clinical chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis. The precise mechanisms linking intraamniotic inflammation to green-stained amniotic fluid have not been determined, but the effects of oxidative stress in heme catabolism have been implicated. Two randomized clinical trials suggest that antibiotic administration decreases the rate of clinical chorioamnionitis in patients with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. A serious complication of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is meconium aspiration syndrome. This condition develops in 5% of cases presenting with meconium-stained amniotic fluid and is a severe complication typical of term newborns. Meconium aspiration syndrome is attributed to the mechanical and chemical effects of aspirated meconium coupled with local and systemic fetal inflammation. Routine naso/oropharyngeal suctioning and tracheal intubation in cases of meconium-stained amniotic fluid have not been shown to be beneficial and are no longer recommended in obstetrical practice. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials suggested that amnioinfusion may decrease the rate of meconium aspiration syndrome. Histologic examination of the fetal membranes for meconium has been invoked in medical legal litigation to time the occurrence of fetal injury. However, inferences have been largely based on the results of in vitro experiments, and extrapolation of such findings to the clinical setting warrants caution. Fetal defecation throughout gestation appears to be a physiologic phenomenon based on ultrasound as well as in observations in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiana M Gallo
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Sunil Jaiman
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Carlos López Ramón Y Cajal
- Unit of Prenatal Diagnosis, Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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16
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Vitek L, Hinds TD, Stec DE, Tiribelli C. The physiology of bilirubin: health and disease equilibrium. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:315-328. [PMID: 36828710 PMCID: PMC10023336 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin has several physiological functions, both beneficial and harmful. In addition to reactive oxygen species-scavenging activities, bilirubin has potent immunosuppressive effects associated with long-term pathophysiological sequelae. It has been recently recognized as a hormone with endocrine actions and interconnected effects on various cellular signaling pathways. Current studies show that bilirubin also decreases adiposity and prevents metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. All in all, the physiological importance of bilirubin is only now coming to light, and strategies for increasing plasma bilirubin levels to combat chronic diseases are starting to be considered. This review discusses the beneficial effects of increasing plasma bilirubin, incorporates emerging areas of bilirubin biology, and provides key concepts to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vitek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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17
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Yuan X, Ma C, Li J, Li J, Yu R, Cai F, Qu G, Yu B, Liu L, Zeng D, Jiao Q, Liao Q, Lv X. Indirect bilirubin impairs invasion of osteosarcoma cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/MMP-2 signaling pathway by suppressing intracellular ROS. J Bone Oncol 2023; 39:100472. [PMID: 36876225 PMCID: PMC9982672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is most prevalently found primary malignant bone tumors, with primary metastatic patients accounting for approximately 25% of all osteosarcoma patients, yet their 5-year OS remains below 30%. Bilirubin plays a key role in oxidative stress-associated events, including malignancies, making the regulation of its serum levels a potential anti-tumor strategy. Herein, we investigated the association of osteosarcoma prognosis with serum levels of TBIL, IBIL and DBIL, and further explored the mechanisms by which bilirubin affects tumor invasion and migration. Methods ROC curve was plotted to assess survival conditions based on the determined optimal cut-off values and the AUC. Then, Kaplan-Meier curves, along with Cox proportional hazards model, was applied for survival analysis. Inhibitory function of IBIL on the malignant properties of osteosarcoma cells was examined using the qRT-PCR, transwell assays, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results We found that, versus osteosarcoma patients with pre-operative higher IBIL (>8.9 μmol/L), those with low IBIL (≤8.9 μmol/L) had shorter OS and PFS. As indicated by the Cox proportional hazards model, pre-operative IBIL functioned as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS in total and gender-stratified osteosarcoma patients (P < 0.05 for all). In vitro experiments further confirmed that IBIL inhibits PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and downregulates MMP-2 expression via reducing intracellular ROS, thereby decreasing the invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions IBIL may serve as an independent prognostic predictor for osteosarcoma patients. IBIL impairs invasion of osteosarcoma cells through repressing the PI3K/AKT/MMP-2 pathway by suppressing intracellular ROS, thus inhibiting its metastatic potential.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under curve
- BRNP, PEGylated bilirubin nanoparticles
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CI, confidence interval
- DBIL, direct bilirubin
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α
- HR, hazard ratio
- IBIL
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- Invasion
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- OS, overall survival
- Osteosarcoma
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PI3K/AKT/MMP-2
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- Prognosis
- ROC, receiver operative characteristic
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBIL, total bilirubin
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- qRT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ronghui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Duo Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - QuanHui Jiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Xiaobin Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
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Stevenson DK, Vreman HJ, Wong RJ. Heme, Heme Oxygenase-1, Statins, and SARS-CoV-2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030614. [PMID: 36978862 PMCID: PMC10044896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme, a metalloporphyrin, or more specifically, a tetrapyrrole containing ferrous iron, is an ancient molecule [...]
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19
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Guan B, Yang M, Shen X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu R, Li S, Cao J. Genetically determined serum bilirubin level and the risk of heart failure: A mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1067146. [PMID: 36713081 PMCID: PMC9881886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1067146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between serum bilirubin level and heart failure (HF) was controversial in previous observational studies and the causal effects of bilirubin on HF have not been investigated. Here, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the associations between genetically determined bilirubin level and HF. Methods: Summary data on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with serum bilirubin levels were obtained from genome-wide association study (GWAS) for individuals of European descent and East Asian descent separately. Statistical data for gene-HF associations were extracted from three databases: the HERMES Consortium (47,309 cases and 930,014 controls), FinnGen study (30,098 cases and 229,612 controls) for European population and Biobank Japan (2,820 HF cases and 192,383 controls) for East Asian population. We applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework to investigate the causal association between serum bilirubin and HF. Results: Findings from our MR analyses showed that genetically determined serum bilirubin levels were not causally associated with HF risk in either European or East Asian population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = .97-1.05 for HERMES Consortium; OR = 1.01 and 95% CI = .98-1.04 for FinnGen Study; OR = .82, 95% CI: .61-1.10 for Biobank Japan). These results remained unchanged using different Mendelian randomization methods and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our study did not find any evidence to support a causal association between serum bilirubin and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yemei Wang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jian Cao, ; Shijun Li,
| | - Jian Cao
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jian Cao, ; Shijun Li,
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20
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Boskabadi H, Shoeibi N, Bagheri F, Pourbadakhshan N, Moradi A, Zakerihamidi M. Potential Role of Bilirubin in Preventing Retinopathy of Prematurity. Curr Pediatr Rev 2023; 19:197-202. [PMID: 35986544 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220819151154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common problems in preterm neonates is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It has been shown antioxidants may be effective in preventing the development and progression of ROP. Considering the antioxidant properties of bilirubin, we decided to investigate the bilirubin level in neonates with ROP and compare it with healthy neonates. METHODS This case-control study was performed on VLBW neonates admitted to the NICU of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad between 2014 and 2020 for a Jaundice evaluation. Complete neonate's characteristics, maternal history and laboratory results were collected in a questionnaire. Then the neonates were examined for ROP by a fellowship of the retina of an ophthalmologist at 32 weeks or four weeks after birth. The highest bilirubin levels during their hospitalization were also recorded. RESULTS Of 427 neonates examined, 121 (37.7%) had a normal eye examination, and 266 (62.3%) had ROP. The mean weight, gestational age and bilirubin were 1455.8 ± 431.4 grams, 31.6 ± 2.3 weeks and 8.8 ± 2.4 mg/dl, respectively. There was a significant difference between controls and neonates with ROP with regard to birth weight, duration of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), duration of oxygen therapy, first and fifth minute Apgar scores, the maximum level of bilirubin and gestational age (P < 0.05). It was observed that the maximum level of bilirubin was lower in neonates with higher stages of ROP. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, higher levels of bilirubin in neonates may be a protective factor against ROP. Moreover, increased levels of bilirubin are associated with reduced severity of ROP. Therefore, prophylaxis phototherapy in premature infants may need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Boskabadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Shoeibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- PhD (Tissue Engineering), Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Zakerihamidi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medical Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
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21
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Raba AA, O'Sullivan A, Miletin J. The Possible Protective Role of Bilirubin on Oxidative Stress Related Morbidity in Preterm Infants. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:904-908. [PMID: 34821525 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.2008069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of bilirubin levels in the first week of life on the frequency of oxidative-stress related morbidity. We included all preterm infants with a gestational age less than 32 weeks. The mean total serum bilirubin of the first week of life was measured and compared between infants with and without oxidative stress related morbidity. A total of 116 preterm infants were included. Univariate analysis showed that mean ± SD TSB levels were statistically significantly lower in infants with chronic lung disease (95 ± 31.4micromole/l vs 119 ± 31micromole/l, p = 0.019), necrotizing enterocolitis (94.4 ± 29micromole/l vs 118 ± 31micromole/l p = 0.044) and patent ductus arteriosus (104 ± 33micromole/l vs 120 ± 30micromole/l p = 0.018). However, when adjusted for gestational age, there were no longer statistically significant differences observed. Elevated bilirubin levels in the first week of life are not protective against the oxidative stress related morbidity in very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed Raba
- Department of Paediatrics and Newborn Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne O'Sullivan
- Department of Paediatrics and Newborn Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan Miletin
- Department of Paediatrics and Newborn Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic.,3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Jayanti S, Moretti R, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin Prevents the TH + Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in a Parkinson's Disease Model by Acting on TNF-α. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214276. [PMID: 36430754 PMCID: PMC9693357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the fastest-growing movement disorder, is still challenged by the unavailability of disease-modifying therapy. Mildly elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB, PubChem CID 5280352) have been shown to be protective against several extra-CNS diseases, and the effect is attributed to its well-known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capability. We explored the neuroprotective effect of low concentrations of UCB (from 0.5 to 4 µM) in our PD model based on organotypic brain cultures of substantia nigra (OBCs-SN) challenged with a low dose of rotenone (Rot). UCB at 0.5 and 1 µM fully protects against the loss of TH+ (dopaminergic) neurons (DOPAn). The alteration in oxidative stress is involved in TH+ positive neuron demise induced by Rot, but is not the key player in UCB-conferred protection. On the contrary, inflammation, specifically tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was found to be the key to UCB protection against DOPAn sufferance. Further work will be needed to introduce the use of UCB into clinical settings, but determining that TNF-α plays a key role in PD may be crucial in designing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Molecular Biomedicine Ph.D. Program, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-375-7840
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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23
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Tchen R, Tan Y, Boyd Barr D, Barry Ryan P, Tran V, Li Z, Hu YJ, Smith AK, Jones DP, Dunlop AL, Liang D. Use of high-resolution metabolomics to assess the biological perturbations associated with maternal exposure to Bisphenol A and Bisphenol F among pregnant African American women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107530. [PMID: 36148711 PMCID: PMC9664380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and animal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with adverse developmental and reproductive effects. The molecular mechanisms by which BPA exposure exerts its effects are not well-understood, even less known about its analogues bisphenol F (BPF). To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted an untargeted metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) to identify metabolic perturbations associated with BPA/BPF exposures in a pregnant African American cohort. METHODS From a subset of study participants enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort, we collected both urine samples, for targeted exposure assessment of BPA (N = 230) and BPF (N = 48), and serum samples, for high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling (N = 230), during early pregnancy (8-14 weeks' gestation). Using an established untargeted HRM workflow consisting of MWAS modeling, pathway enrichment analysis, and chemical annotation and confirmation, we investigated the potential metabolic pathways and features associated with BPA/BPF exposures. RESULTS The geometric mean creatinine-adjusted concentrations of urinary BPA and BPF were 0.85 ± 2.58 and 0.70 ± 4.71 µg/g creatinine, respectively. After false positive discovery rate correction at 20 % level, 264 and 733 unique metabolic features were significantly associated with urinary BPA and BPF concentrations, representing 10 and 12 metabolic pathways, respectively. Three metabolic pathways, including steroid hormones biosynthesis, lysine and lipoate metabolism, were significantly associated with both BPA and BPF exposure. Using chemical standards, we have confirmed the chemical identity of 16 metabolites significantly associated with BPA or BPF exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that exposure to BPA and BPF in pregnant women is associated with the perturbation of aromatic amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and other amino acid metabolism closely linked to stress responses, inflammation, neural development, reproduction, and weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tchen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi-Juan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Serum Bilirubin and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Healthy Population and in Patients with Various Forms of Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112118. [PMID: 36358491 PMCID: PMC9686784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute significantly to atherogenesis. We and others have demonstrated that mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels protect against coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis, most likely due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bilirubin. The aim of the present study was to assess serum bilirubin and the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in both healthy subjects and patients with various forms of atherosclerosis. The study was performed in patients with premature myocardial infarction (n = 129), chronic ischemic heart disease (n = 43), peripheral artery disease (PAD, n = 69), and healthy subjects (n = 225). In all subjects, standard serum biochemistry, UGT1A1 genotypes, total antioxidant status (TAS), and concentrations of various pro- and anti-inflammatory chemokines were determined. Compared to controls, all atherosclerotic groups had significantly lower serum bilirubin and TAS, while having much higher serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and most of the analyzed proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Surprisingly, the highest inflammation, and the lowest antioxidant status, together with the lowest serum bilirubin, was observed in PAD patients, and not in premature atherosclerosis. In conclusion, elevated serum bilirubin is positively correlated with TAS, and negatively related to inflammatory markers. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with atherosclerosis have a much higher degree of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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25
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Activation of Nrf2 to Optimise Immune Responses to Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101438. [PMID: 36291647 PMCID: PMC9599325 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhage into the brain parenchyma can be devastating. This manifests as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) after head trauma, and in the context of vascular dementia. Randomised controlled trials have not reliably shown that haemostatic treatments aimed at limiting ICH haematoma expansion and surgical approaches to reducing haematoma volume are effective. Consequently, treatments to modulate the pathophysiological responses to ICH, which may cause secondary brain injury, are appealing. Following ICH, microglia and monocyte derived cells are recruited to the peri-haematomal environment where they phagocytose haematoma breakdown products and secrete inflammatory cytokines, which may trigger both protective and harmful responses. The transcription factor Nrf2, is activated by oxidative stress, is highly expressed by central nervous system microglia and macroglia. When active, Nrf2 induces a transcriptional programme characterised by increased expression of antioxidant, haem and heavy metal detoxification and proteostasis genes, as well as suppression of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, Nrf2 activation may facilitate adaptive-protective immune cell responses to ICH by boosting resistance to oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, whilst limiting harmful inflammatory signalling, which can contribute to further blood brain barrier dysfunction and cerebral oedema. In this review, we consider the responses of immune cells to ICH and how these might be modulated by Nrf2 activation. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies to harness Nrf2 to improve the outcomes of patients with ICH.
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26
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Yu XT, Chen M, Guo J, Zhang J, Zeng T. Noninvasive detection and interpretation of gastrointestinal diseases by collaborative serum metabolite and magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5524-5534. [PMID: 36249561 PMCID: PMC9550535 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases are complex diseases that occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Common gastrointestinal diseases include chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, and gastrointestinal tumors. These diseases may manifest a long course, difficult treatment, and repeated attacks. Gastroscopy and mucosal biopsy are the gold standard methods for diagnosing gastric and duodenal diseases, but they are invasive procedures and carry risks due to the necessity of sedation and anesthesia. Recently, several new approaches have been developed, including serological examination and magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MGCE). However, serological markers lack lesion information, while MGCE images lack molecular information. This study proposes combining these two technologies in a collaborative noninvasive diagnostic scheme as an alternative to the standard procedures. We introduce an interpretable framework for the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. Based on collected blood samples and MGCE records of patients with gastrointestinal diseases and comparisons with normal individuals, we selected serum metabolite signatures by bioinformatic analysis, captured image embedding signatures by convolutional neural networks, and inferred the location-specific associations between these signatures. Our study successfully identified five key metabolite signatures with functional relevance to gastrointestinal disease. The combined signatures achieved discrimination AUC of 0.88. Meanwhile, the image embedding signatures showed different levels of validation and testing accuracy ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 according to different locations in the gastrointestinal tract as explained by their specific associations with metabolite signatures. Overall, our work provides a new collaborative noninvasive identification pipeline and candidate metabolite biomarkers for image auxiliary diagnosis. This method should be valuable for the noninvasive detection and interpretation of gastrointestinal and other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Tian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China,Corresponding authors at: Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, China (X.-T. Yu); Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China (T. Zeng).
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding authors at: Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, China (X.-T. Yu); Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China (T. Zeng).
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Haga M, Kawabata K, Sumiya W, Kurita S, Imanishi T, Kanno C, Kanno M, Kanno M, Shimizu M. The Relationship between Serum Total Bilirubin and Severity of Hypoxic Injury in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:944-950. [PMID: 33091943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bilirubin has been found to be a natural antioxidant protecting the body from oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the severity of neonatal hypoxic injury on bilirubin levels to clarify the physiological role of bilirubin. STUDY DESIGN Using lactate as a biomarker for the severity of hypoxic injury, we retrospectively analyzed the association of admission lactate levels on serum total bilirubin (TB) levels following birth in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We created a univariate linear regression model to predict TB using the admission lactate level as a predictor. We also performed a multivariate linear regression analysis to predict TB with admission lactate levels that included phenobarbital cumulative dosage, admission hematocrit, and subgaleal hemorrhage as predictor variables. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were studied. Admission lactate levels had a significant negative effect on TB from admission to 3 days of life. The standardized regression coefficient for admission lactate on TB was -0.37 (admission), -0.42 (day 1), -0.32 (day 2), and -0.28 (day 3). A similar negative effect of admission lactate on TB levels was also observed in the multivariate linear regression model even after controlling for the other variables. CONCLUSION These results are consistent with the hypothesis that bilirubin functions as an antioxidant in vivo, and is consumed by scavenging free radicals in proportion to the severity of hypoxic injury. KEY POINTS · Lactate levels have a negative effect on serum TB levels in patients with neonatal HIE.. · Bilirubin might work as a natural antioxidant to protect the body from oxidative stress.. · Serum TB might be a marker for the severity of hypoxic injury..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Haga
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ken Kawabata
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wakako Sumiya
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Saori Kurita
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Imanishi
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chika Kanno
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanno
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masami Kanno
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Neonatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
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Woronyczová J, Nováková M, Leníček M, Bátovský M, Bolek E, Cífková R, Vítek L. Serum Bilirubin Concentrations and the Prevalence of Gilbert Syndrome in Elite Athletes. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35759151 PMCID: PMC9237193 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant and immunomodulating substance, which is also implicated in both cell signalling and various metabolic pathways. Mild elevation of systemic bilirubin concentrations provides substantial protection against many diseases of civilization. Rare published reports have suggested that serum bilirubin might also be relevant to sports performance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate serum bilirubin concentrations and the prevalence of Gilbert syndrome (GS) in elite athletes. Methods The study was carried out in 536 consecutive healthy elite athletes and in 2594 individuals of the Czech post-MONICA study representing the general Czech population. Serum bilirubin concentrations, the prevalence of benign hyperbilirubinemia > 17 µmol/L (1 mg/dL, a phenotypic sign of GS), and a variant of the UGT1A1 gene promoter responsible for GS manifestation in Caucasians (rs81753472) were evaluated in study subjects.
Results Compared to the general Czech population, significantly higher serum bilirubin concentrations were found in elite athletes (9.6 vs. 11.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001), both in men (11.3 vs. 12.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and women (8.3 vs. 10.5 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of GS was also significantly higher in elite athletes (9.6 vs. 22%, p < 0.001) together with the tendency to higher frequencies of the genotypes (TA)7/7 and (TA)6/7UGT1A1. Conclusion Elite athletes have significantly higher concentrations of serum bilirubin, the most potent endogenous antioxidant substance known. Simultaneously, the prevalence of GS syndrome is also much higher in elite athletes, suggesting that a mild elevation of serum bilirubin might predispose to better sports performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00463-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Woronyczová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic.,Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Nováková
- Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leníček
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Bátovský
- Slovak Army Sport Centre Dukla Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Emil Bolek
- Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Cífková
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic. .,4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine,, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Liu JJ, Cui XX, Tan YW, Dong PX, Ou YQ, Li QQ, Chu C, Wu LY, Liang LX, Qin SJ, Zeeshan M, Zhou Y, Hu LW, Liu RQ, Zeng XW, Dong GH, Zhao XM. Per- and perfluoroalkyl substances alternatives, mixtures and liver function in adults: A community-based population study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107179. [PMID: 35325771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has shown that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) alternatives and mixtures may exert hepatotoxic effects in animals. However, epidemiological evidence is limited. This research aimed to explore associations of PFAS and the alternatives with liver function in a general adult population. The study participants consisted of 1,303 adults from a community-based cross-sectional investigation in Guangzhou, China, from November 2018 to August 2019. We selected 13 PFAS with detection rates > 85% in serum samples and focused on perfluorooctane-sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their alternatives [6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), 8:2 Cl-PFESA, and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)] as predictors of outcome. Six liver function biomarkers (ALB, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and DBIL) were chosen as outcomes. We applied regression models with restricted cubic spline function to explore correlations between single PFAS and liver function and inspected the combined effect of PFAS mixtures on liver by applying Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). We discovered positive associations among PFAS and liver function biomarkers except for ALP. For example, compared with the 25th percentile of PFAS concentration, the level of ALT increased by 12.36% (95% CI: 7.91%, 16.98%) for ln-6:2 Cl-PFESA, 5.59% (95% CI: 2.35%, 8.92%) for ln-8:2 Cl-PFESA, 3.56% (95% CI: -0.39%, 7.68%) for ln-PFHxA, 13.91% (95% CI: 8.93%, 19.13%) for ln-PFOA, and 14.25% (95% CI: 9.91%, 18.77%) for ln-PFOS at their 75th percentile. In addition, higher exposed serum PFAS was found to be correlated with greater odds of abnormal liver function. Analysis from BKMR models also showed an adverse association between PFAS mixtures and liver function. The combined effect of the PFAS mixture appeared to be non-interactive, in which PFOS was the main contributor to the overall effect. Our findings provide evidence of associations between PFAS alternatives, PFAS mixtures, and liver function in the general adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya-Wen Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peng-Xin Dong
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu-Yin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Xia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Miao Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Zhuang J, Hu J, Bei F, Huang J, Wang L, Zhao J, Qian R, Sun J. Exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy and after birth increases the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112523. [PMID: 34929187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased risks of several adverse conditions in newborns, such as preterm birth. Whether air pollution is associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains unclear. We aimed to develop and validate an air-quality-based model to better predict neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS A multicenter, population-based cohort of neonates with a gestational age (GA) ≥35 weeks and birth weight ≥2000 g was enrolled in the study. The study was conducted in Shanghai, China, from July 2017 to December 2018. The daily average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was diagnosed according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines by trained neonatologists. We used logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to screen air pollutant indicators related to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and build an air-quality signature for each patient. An air-quality-based nomogram was then established to predict the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS A total of 11196 neonates were evaluated. Prenatal PM10, CO and NO2 exposure and postpartum SO2 exposure were significantly associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The air-quality score was calculated according to the hyperbilirubinemia-related pollutants. The air-quality score of the hyperbilirubinemia group was significantly higher than that of the nonhyperbilirubinemia group (P < .01, odds ratio = 2.97). An air-quality-based logistic regression model was built and showed good discrimination (C-statistic of 0.675 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.658 to 0.692]) and good calibration. Decision curve analysis showed that the air-quality-based model was better than the traditional clinical model in predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that ambient air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Our results encourage further exploration of this possibility in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhuang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Bei
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiahu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics,Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liangjun Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruiying Qian
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Bingsheng Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
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Liu C, Chen Z, Wu SL, Chow TC, Cheng RS, Lee JT, Yew DT. Comparative Review on Effects of Pien Tze Huang and AnGong NiuHuang Pill and their Potential on Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2350-2360. [PMID: 35306986 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220318111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The ancient composite formulae Angong Niuhuang pill and Pien Tze Huang that were used a few hundred years ago to treat febrile disease and inflammation respectively are found to exert effects benefiting other neurological diseases and conditions. This short review introduces the main constituents of the two formulae, looking into both the cumulative synergetic and possible individual effects of each herb or animal apcoien. In essence, the main effects of Angong Niuhuang pill include antiinflammation, antioxidation, anti-cell death, anticonvulsion, antiedema, antipyretic, antithrombotic, antimicrobial (bacteria, viruses, fungi), neuroprotective effects, and cardiovascular protection. The main effects of Pien Tze Huang include antiinflammation, antioxidation, anti-cell death, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective effects, and cardiovascular protection. Comparing both composites, similarities of the effects and part of the components are found, showing some pharmacological evidence. This review casts light on research on the effects of neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective mechanisms as well as treatment mechanisms for cerebral accidents in the integrative medicine perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congsheng Liu
- Fujian Provincial Corporate Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development (R & D), Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujian, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Corporate Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development (R & D), Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujian, China
| | - Sharon L.Y. Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - Tony C.H. Chow
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - Rufina S.Y. Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - Jocy T.C. Lee
- Hong Kong College of Technology, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
| | - David T. Yew
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
- Hong Kong College of Technology, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Hong S.A.R., China
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Bortolussi G, Shi X, ten Bloemendaal L, Banerjee B, De Waart DR, Baj G, Chen W, Oude Elferink RP, Beuers U, Paulusma CC, Stocker R, Muro AF, Bosma PJ. Long-Term Effects of Biliverdin Reductase a Deficiency in Ugt1-/- Mice: Impact on Redox Status and Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122029. [PMID: 34943131 PMCID: PMC8698966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of neurotoxic bilirubin due to a transient neonatal or persistent inherited deficiency of bilirubin glucuronidation activity can cause irreversible brain damage and death. Strategies to inhibit bilirubin production and prevent neurotoxicity in neonatal and adult settings seem promising. We evaluated the impact of Bvra deficiency in neonatal and aged mice, in a background of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, by abolishing bilirubin production. We also investigated the disposal of biliverdin during fetal development. In Ugt1−/− mice, Bvra deficiency appeared sufficient to prevent lethality and to normalize bilirubin level in adults. Although biliverdin accumulated in Bvra-deficient fetuses, both Bvra−/− and Bvra−/−Ugt1−/− pups were healthy and reached adulthood having normal liver, brain, and spleen histology, albeit with increased iron levels in the latter. During aging, both Bvra−/− and Bvra−/−Ugt1−/− mice presented normal levels of relevant hematological and metabolic parameters. Interestingly, the oxidative status in erythrocytes from 9-months-old Bvra−/− and Bvra−/−Ugt1−/− mice was significantly reduced. In addition, triglycerides levels in these 9-months-old Bvra−/− mice were significantly higher than WT controls, while Bvra−/−Ugt1−/− tested normal. The normal parameters observed in Bvra−/−Ugt1−/− mice fed chow diet indicate that Bvra inhibition to treat unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia seems safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bortolussi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lysbeth ten Bloemendaal
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Bhaswati Banerjee
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Dirk R. De Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Gabriele Baj
- Light Microscopy Imaging Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (W.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Ronald P. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (W.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Andrés F. Muro
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.M.); (P.J.B.); Tel.: +39-040-3757369 (A.F.M.); +31-20-566-8850 (P.J.B.)
| | - Piter J. Bosma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.S.); (L.t.B.); (D.R.D.W.); (R.P.O.E.); (U.B.); (C.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.M.); (P.J.B.); Tel.: +39-040-3757369 (A.F.M.); +31-20-566-8850 (P.J.B.)
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Protective effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Porto Biomed J 2021; 6:e143. [PMID: 34881354 PMCID: PMC8647896 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The liver is one of the organs affected by doxorubicin toxicity. Therefore, in this study, the potential protective role of aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Methods: In order to achieve this, their impact on hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid and electrolytes’ profile, and plasma biomarkers of liver functions/integrity were monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. The animals were treated with either metformin (250 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days) or the extracts (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg orally for 14 days) and/or doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, 48 h before sacrifice). Results: The hepatic malondialdehyde, cholesterol, calcium, and sodium concentrations, and plasma activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, as well as plasma albumin to globulin ratio of test control were significantly (P < .05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, the plasma albumin, total protein, globulin, and total bilirubin concentrations; hepatic concentrations of ascorbic acid, chloride, magnesium, and potassium; and hepatic activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase of test control were significantly (P < .05) lower than those of all the other groups. Conclusions: Pretreatment with the extracts and metformin prevented to varying degrees, doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage, as indicated by the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced adverse alterations in hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid and electrolyte profiles, and plasma biomarkers of hepatic function/integrity, and keeping them at near-normal values.
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Robinson EA, Frankenberg-Dinkel N, Xue F, Wilks A. Recombinant Production of Biliverdin IXβ and δ Isomers in the T7 Promoter Compatible Escherichia coli Nissle. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:787609. [PMID: 34956154 PMCID: PMC8692735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.787609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to obtain purified biliverdin IX (BVIX) isomers other than the commercially available BVIXα is limited due to the low yields obtained by the chemical coupled oxidation of heme. Chemical oxidation requires toxic chemicals, has very poor BVIX yields (<0.05%), and is not conducive to scalable production. Alternative approaches utilizing recombinant E. coli BL21 expressing a cyanobacterial heme oxygenase have been employed for the production BVIXα, but yields are limited by the rate of endogenous heme biosynthesis. Furthermore, the emerging roles of BVIXβ and BVIXδ in biology and their lack of commercial availability has led to a need for an efficient and scalable method with the flexibility to produce all three physiologically relevant BVIX isomers. Herein, we have taken advantage of an optimized non-pathogenic E. coli Nissle (EcN(T7)) strain that encodes an endogenous heme transporter and an integrated T7 polymerase gene. Protein production of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa BVIXβ and BVIXδ selective heme oxygenase (HemO) or its BVIXα producing mutant (HemOα) in the EcN(T7) strain provides a scalable method to obtain all three isomers, that is not limited by the rate of endogenous heme biosynthesis, due to the natural ability of EcN(T7) to transport extracellular heme. Additionally, we have optimized our previous LC-MS/MS protocol for semi-preparative separation and validation of the BVIX isomers. Utilizing this new methodology for scalable production and separation we have increased the yields of the BVIXβ and -δ isomers >300-fold when compared to the chemical oxidation of heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Robinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Abt. Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserlautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Angela Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wu Y, Huang S, Chang X. Understanding the complexity of sepsis mortality prediction via rule discovery and analysis: a pilot study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 34839820 PMCID: PMC8628441 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, has become one of the major causes of death in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The heterogeneity and complexity of this syndrome lead to the absence of golden standards for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The early prediction of in-hospital mortality for sepsis patients is not only meaningful to medical decision making, but more importantly, relates to the well-being of patients. METHODS In this paper, a rule discovery and analysis (rule-based) method is used to predict the in-hospital death events of 2021 ICU patients diagnosed with sepsis using the MIMIC-III database. The method mainly includes two phases: rule discovery phase and rule analysis phase. In the rule discovery phase, the RuleFit method is employed to mine multiple hidden rules which are capable to predict individual in-hospital death events. In the rule analysis phase, survival analysis and decomposition analysis are carried out to test and justify the risk prediction ability of these rules. Then by leveraging a subset of these rules, we establish a prediction model that is both more accurate at the in-hospital death prediction task and more interpretable than most comparable methods. RESULTS In our experiment, RuleFit generates 77 risk prediction rules, and the average area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model based on 62 of these rules reaches 0.781 ([Formula: see text]) which is comparable to or even better than the AUC of existing methods (i.e., commonly used medical scoring system and benchmark machine learning models). External validation of the prediction power of these 62 rules on another 1468 sepsis patients not included in MIMIC-III in ICU provides further supporting evidence for the superiority of the rule-based method. In addition, we discuss and explain in detail the rules with better risk prediction ability. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), serum potassium, and serum bilirubin are found to be the most important risk factors for predicting patient death. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that, with the rule-based method, we could not only make accurate prediction on in-hospital death events of sepsis patients, but also reveal the complex relationship between sepsis-related risk factors through the rules themselves, so as to improve our understanding of the complexity of sepsis as well as its population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Center for Intelligent Decision-Making and Machine Learning, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Xiangyu Chang
- Center for Intelligent Decision-Making and Machine Learning, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
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Ai W, Bae S, Ke Q, Su S, Li R, Chen Y, Yoo D, Lee E, Jon S, Kang PM. Bilirubin Nanoparticles Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021212. [PMID: 34622671 PMCID: PMC8751875 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which are the major culprits of oxidative stress that leads to inflammation, apoptosis, myocardial damage, and dysfunction. Bilirubin acts as a potent endogenous antioxidant that is capable of scavenging various reactive oxygen species. We have previously generated bilirubin nanoparticles (BRNPs) consisting of polyethylene glycol–conjugated bilirubin. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of BRNPs on myocardial I/R injury in mice. Methods and Results In vivo imaging using fluorophore encapsulated BRNPs showed BRNPs preferentially targeted to the site of I/R injury in the heart. Cardiac I/R surgery was performed by first ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 45 minutes, reperfusion was achieved by releasing the ligation. BRNPs were administered intraperitoneally at 5 minutes before and 24 hours after reperfusion. Mice that received BRNPs showed significant improvements in their cardiac output, assessed by echocardiogram and pressure volume loop measurements, compared with the ones that received vehicle treatment. BRNPs treatment also significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size in mice that underwent cardiac I/R, compared with the vehicle‐treatment group. In addition, BRNPs effectively suppressed reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory factor levels, as well as the amount of cardiac apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, BRNPs could exert their therapeutic effects on cardiac I/R injury through attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, providing a novel therapeutic modality for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ai
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Cardiology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Qingen Ke
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Shi Su
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Ruijian Li
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Cardiology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Dohyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Eesac Lee
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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Yu F, Zhang L, Liao D, Luo Y, Feng X, Liu Z, Xia J. Serum Bilirubin Levels and Extent of Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:714098. [PMID: 34512527 PMCID: PMC8427197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.714098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bilirubin plays a paradoxical role in the pathological mechanism of stroke. To date, few clinical studies have investigated the effect of serum bilirubin on symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS). This study aims to evaluate the connection between serum bilirubin and sICAS. Methods: From September 2015 to May 2020, 1,156 sICAS patients without hepatobiliary diseases admitted to our hospital were included. Patients were distributed into none-mild (0–49%), moderate (50–69%) and severe-occlusion sICAS groups (70–100%) by the degree of artery stenosis. Moderate and severe-occlusion sICAS patients were classified into three groups by the number of stenotic arteries (single-, two- and multiple-vessel stenosis). The relationship between serum bilirubin levels and sICAS was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: In univariable analyses, sICAS patients with severe and multiple atherosclerotic stenoses had lower levels of total bilirubin (Tbil), direct bilirubin (Dbil), and indirect bilirubin (Ibil). In multinomial logistic regression analyses, when compared with the highest tertile of bilirubin, lower levels of Tbil, Dbil, and Ibil showed higher risks of severe-occlusion sICAS (95% CI: 2.018–6.075 in tertile 1 for Tbil; 2.380–7.410 in tertile 1 for Dbil; 1.758–5.641 in tertile 1 for Ibil). Moreover, the logistic regression analyses showed that lower levels of Tbil, Dbil, and Ibil were related to multiple (≥3) atherosclerotic stenoses (95% CI: 2.365–5.298 in tertile 1 and 2.312–5.208 in tertile 2 for Tbil; 1.743–3.835 in tertile 1 and 1.416–3.144 in tertile 2 for Dbil; 2.361–5.345 in tertile 1 and 1.604–3.545 in tertile 2 for Ibil) when compared with tertile 3. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lower bilirubin levels may indicate severe and multiple intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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The Role of HO-1 and Its Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Survival. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092401. [PMID: 34572050 PMCID: PMC8471703 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) act on heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, ferritin, and biliverdin. Upregulation of cellular HO-1 levels is signature of oxidative stress for its downstream effects particularly under pro-oxidative status. Subcellular traffics of HO-1 to different organelles constitute a network of interactions compromising a variety of effectors such as pro-oxidants, ROS, mitochondrial enzymes, and nucleic transcription factors. Some of the compartmentalized HO-1 have been demonstrated as functioning in the progression of cancer. Emerging data show the multiple roles of HO-1 in tumorigenesis from pathogenesis to the progression to malignancy, metastasis, and even resistance to therapy. However, the role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis has not been systematically addressed. This review describes the crosstalk between HO-1 and oxidative stress, and following redox regulation in the tumorigenesis. HO-1-regulated signaling pathways are also summarized. This review aims to integrate basic information and current progress of HO-1 in cancer research in order to enhance the understandings and facilitate following studies.
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Fu K, Garvan CS, Heaton SC, Nagaraja N, Doré S. Association of Serum Bilirubin with the Severity and Outcomes of Intracerebral Hemorrhages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091346. [PMID: 34572977 PMCID: PMC8465680 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke, and it is often associated with a high mortality rate and significant morbidity among survivors. Recent studies have shown that bilirubin, a product of heme metabolism, can exhibit cytoprotective, antioxidant and, anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the role of bilirubin in combating several pathophysiological pathways caused by intracerebral bleeding in patients with ICH. In this study, data were collected retrospectively on 276 patients with ICH who were admitted to a university hospital between 5 January 2014 and 31 December 2017. We assessed the relationship between levels of total, direct, and indirect serum bilirubin and assessments of initial stroke severity and clinical outcomes by using Spearman’s rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. A secondary examination of the carrier protein albumin was also undertaken. Our study found that higher levels of direct bilirubin were correlated with worse admission Glasgow Coma Scales (GCS) (rs = −0.17, p = 0.011), worse admission ICH Scores (rs = 0.19, p = 0.008), and worse discharge modified Rankin Scales (mRS) (rs = 0.15, p = 0.045). Direct bilirubin was still significantly correlated with discharge mRS after adjusting for temperature at admission (rs = 0.16, p = 0.047), oxygen saturation at admission (rs = 0.15, p = 0.048), white blood cell count (rs = 0.18, p = 0.023), or Troponin T (rs = 0.25, p = 0.001) using partial Spearman’s correlation. No statistical significance was found between levels of total or indirect bilirubin and assessments of stroke severity and outcomes. In contrast, higher levels of albumin were correlated with better admission GCS (rs = 0.13, p = 0.027), discharge GCS (rs = 0.15, p = 0.013), and discharge mRS (rs = −0.16, p = 0.023). We found that levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin were all significantly related to discharge outcomes classified by discharge destinations (p = 0.036, p = 0.014, p = 0.016, respectively; Kruskal-Wallis H tests). In conclusion, higher direct bilirubin levels were associated with greater stroke severity at presentation and worse outcomes at discharge among patients with ICH. Higher levels of albumin were associated with lower stroke severity and better clinical outcomes. Future prospective studies on the free bioactive bilirubin are needed to better understand the intricate relationships between bilirubin and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.F.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Cynthia S. Garvan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.F.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Shelley C. Heaton
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Nandakumar Nagaraja
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.F.); (C.S.G.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-9663
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Hyperbilirubinemia Maintained by Chronic Supplementation of Unconjugated Bilirubin Improves the Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168662. [PMID: 34445367 PMCID: PMC8395408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem disease, therapy of which remains a challenge for basic research. The present work examined the effect of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) administration in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA)—an experimental model, in which oxidative stress (OS), inflammation and inadequate immune response are often similar to RA. Male Lewis rats were randomized into groups: CO—control, AIA—untreated adjuvant-induced arthritis, AIA-BIL—adjuvant-induced arthritis administrated UCB, CO-BIL—control with administrated UCB. UCB was administered intraperitoneally 200 mg/kg of body weight daily from 14th day of the experiment, when clinical signs of the disease are fully manifested, to 28th day, the end of the experiment. AIA was induced by a single intradermal immunization at the base of the tail with suspension of Mycobacterium butyricum in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. Clinical, hematologic, biochemical and histologic examinations were performed. UCB administration to animals with AIA lead to a significant decrease in hind paws volume, plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin, drop of leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin and an increase in platelet count. UCB administration caused significantly lowered oxidative damage to DNA in arthritic animals, whereas in healthy controls it induced considerable oxidative damage to DNA. UCB administration also induced atrophy of the spleen and thymus in AIA and CO animals comparing to untreated animals. Histological signs of joint damage assessed by neutrophils infiltration and deposition of fibrin were significantly reduced by UCB administration. The effects of exogenously administered UCB to the animals with adjuvant-induced arthritis might be identified as therapeutic, in contrast to the effects of UCB administration in healthy animals rather classified as toxic.
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Patients with Gilbert syndrome and type 2 diabetes have lower prevalence of microvascular complications. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100114. [PMID: 34386764 PMCID: PMC8346683 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating clinical evidence indicates an inverse relationship between oxidative stress and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of diabetes microvascular complications in patients with Gilbert syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods A total of 1200 electronic records with T2D were reviewed. From them, 50 patients with Gilbert syndrome (cases [indirect bilirubin ≥1.2 mg/dl without evidence of hemolysis or liver disease]) and 50 controls (T2D without hyperbilirubinemia) were included. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the independent association between indirect hyperbilirubinemia with microvascular complications related with T2D. Results Both case and control group had the same proportion of gender (female = 20 [40 %]) and diabetes duration (14.0 ± 6.5 years) and similar mean of age (60 ± 9.6 and 60 ± 9.2 years, respectively, p = 0.91). The median of unconjugated bilirubin of case and control group was 1.4 (1.2–1.6) vs. 0.4 (0.2–0.6) mg/dl (p < 0.001), respectively. Patients with elevated unconjugated bilirubin had less urine albumin-creatinine ratio compared with control group (8.5 [4.3–23] vs. 80 [8–408] mg/g, p < 0.001), and lower rate of diabetes microvascular complications and metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for BMI, age, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglycerides, and the metabolic syndrome, the lineal regression analysis showed that unconjugated bilirubin protects against microalbuminuria in T2D patients (β = −414.11, 95 % CI [-747.9, −80.3], p = 0.006. Also, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was independently associated with a better glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (β = 9.87, 95 % CI [1.5, 18.3], P = 0.02). Conclusions Patients with Gilbert syndrome and T2D had a lower prevalence of diabetes microvascular complications.
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Chen G, Adeyemo A, Zhou J, Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Shriner D, Rotimi CN. A UGT1A1 variant is associated with serum total bilirubin levels, which are causal for hypertension in African-ancestry individuals. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:44. [PMID: 34117260 PMCID: PMC8196001 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum bilirubin is associated with several clinical outcomes, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and drug metabolism. Here, we describe findings from our genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of serum (TBIL) using a generalized linear mixed model in West Africans (n = 1127), with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, T2D, significant principal components of population structure, and cryptic relatedness. Genome-wide conditional analysis and CAVIARBF were used to fine map significant loci. The causal effect of TBIL on hypertension was assessed by Mendelian randomization (MR) using the GWAS findings as instrumental variables (IVs) in African Americans (n = 3,067). The SNP rs887829 (UGT1A1) was significantly associated with TBIL levels (effect allele (T) frequency = 0.49, β (SE) = 0.59 (0.04), p = 9.13 × 10-54). Genome-wide conditional analysis and regional fine mapping pointed to rs887829 as a possible causal variant with a posterior inclusion probability of 0.99. The T allele of rs887829 is associated with lower hepatic expression of UGT1A1. Using rs887829 as an IV, two-stage least-squares MR showed a causal effect of bilirubin on hypertension (β = -0.76, 95% CI [-1.52, -0.01], p = 0.0459). Our finding confirms that UGT1A1 influences bilirubin levels. Notably, lower TBIL is causally associated with the increased risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Chen
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Jayanti S, Moretti R, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin: A Promising Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6223. [PMID: 34207581 PMCID: PMC8228391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most common movement disorder is expected to rise. Despite the incredibly huge efforts in research to find the definitive biomarker, to date, the diagnosis of PD still relies mainly upon clinical symptoms. A wide range of treatments is available for PD, mainly alleviating the clinical symptoms. However, none of these current therapies can stop or even slow down the disease evolution. Hence, disease-modifying treatment is still a paramount unmet medical need. On the other side, bilirubin and its enzymatic machinery and precursors have offered potential benefits by targeting multiple mechanisms in chronic diseases, including PD. Nevertheless, only limited discussions are available in the context of neurological conditions, particularly in PD. Therefore, in this review, we profoundly discuss this topic to understand bilirubin's therapeutical potential in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Molecular Biomedicine Ph.D. Program, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.T.); (S.G.)
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Transcriptomic Changes Associated with Loss of Cell Viability Induced by Oxysterol Treatment of a Retinal Photoreceptor-Derived Cell Line: An In Vitro Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052339. [PMID: 33652836 PMCID: PMC7956713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) results from mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme DHCR7, which catalyzes conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to cholesterol (CHOL). Rats treated with a DHCR7 inhibitor serve as a SLOS animal model, and exhibit progressive photoreceptor-specific cell death, with accumulation of 7DHC and oxidized sterols. To understand the basis of this cell type specificity, we performed transcriptomic analyses on a photoreceptor-derived cell line (661W), treating cells with two 7DHC-derived oxysterols, which accumulate in tissues and bodily fluids of SLOS patients and in the rat SLOS model, as well as with CHOL (negative control), and evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment. Gene enrichment analysis and compilation of DEG sets indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, and autophagy were all highly up-regulated pathways in oxysterol-treated cells. Detailed analysis indicated that the two oxysterols exert their effects via different molecular mechanisms. Changes in expression of key genes in highlighted pathways (Hmox1, Ddit3, Trib3, and Herpud1) were validated by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results extend our understanding of the pathobiology of retinal degeneration and SLOS, identifying potential new druggable targets for therapeutic intervention into these and other related orphan diseases.
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Nesbitt NM, Malone LE, Liu Z, Jares A, Gnatenko DV, Ma Y, Zhu W, Bahou WF. Divergent erythroid megakaryocyte fates in Blvrb-deficient mice establish non-overlapping cytoprotective functions during stress hematopoiesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:164-174. [PMID: 33359909 PMCID: PMC8311568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytoprotective mechanisms of heme oxygenases function by derivatizing heme to generate carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, and isomeric biliverdins, followed by rapid NAD(P)H-dependent biliverdin reduction to the antioxidant bilirubin using two non-overlapping biliverdin reductases that display biliverdin isomer-restricted redox activity. Although cytoprotective functions of heme oxygenases are widely recognized, concomitant effects of downstream biliverdin reductases remain incomplete. A computational model predicated on murine hematopoietic single-cell transcriptomic data identified Blvrb as a biological driver linked to the tumor necrosis factor stress pathway as a predominant source of variation defining hematopoietic cell heterogeneity. In vivo studies using Blvrb-deficient mice established the dispensable role of Blvrb in steady-state hematopoiesis, although model validation using aged Blvrb-deficient mice established an important cytoprotective function in stress hematopoiesis with dichotomous megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic recovery. Defective stress erythropoiesis was evident in Blvrb-/- spleens and in bone marrow erythroid development, occurring in conjunction with defective lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidant mishandling. Cell autonomous effects on megakaryocyte lineage bias were documented using multipotential progenitor assays. These data provide the first physiological function of murine Blvrb in a non-redundant pathway of stress cytoprotection. Divergent effects on erythroid/megakaryocyte lineage speciation impute a novel redox-regulated mechanism for lineage partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Nesbitt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lisa E Malone
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11727, USA
| | - Alexander Jares
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Dmitri V Gnatenko
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yupo Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11727, USA
| | - Wadie F Bahou
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Protective Effects of Kirenol against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of the Proinflammatory NFκB Pathway and the AMPK2-/Nrf2-Mediated HO-1/AOE Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020204. [PMID: 33572510 PMCID: PMC7911485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and life-threatening inflammatory disease of the lung parenchyma that is associated with high mortality worldwide. No therapeutic strategies have been developed for the mitigation of the proinflammatory response that characterizes ALI. Kirenol has anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and immunoregulatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of kirenol against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. Kirenol reduced the LPS-induced histopathology changes involving edema and thickening of the interstitial or alveolar walls, infiltration of leukocytes, formation of hyaline membrane. Pretreatment with kirenol reduced leukocytes infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues induced by LPS. Kirenol significantly inhibited the secretion of cytokines, IL-1β, IL6, and TNFα, into the BALF of the mice with LPS-induced ALI through NFκB activation. Moreover, kirenol attenuated the downregulation of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase that was induced by LPS. HO-1 expression and the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and AMPK2 were also induced by kirenol. The results indicate that kirenol can be developed as a treatment strategy for ALI, and its effects are induced through the inhibition of the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and promotion of AMPK2/Nrf2-mediated HO-1 and antioxidant enzymes (AOE) activation.
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Olivier C, Oliver L, Lalier L, Vallette FM. Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma: The Two Faces of Oxidative Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:620677. [PMID: 33585565 PMCID: PMC7873048 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.620677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months. A population of cells with stem cell properties (glioblastoma stem cells, GSCs) drives the initiation and progression of GBM and is localized in specialized microenvironments which support their behavior. GBM are characterized as extremely resistant to therapy, resulting in tumor recurrence. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control the cellular stability by influencing different signaling pathways. Normally, redox systems prevent cell oxidative damage; however, in gliomagenesis, the cellular redox mechanisms are highly impaired. Herein we review the dual nature of the redox status in drug resistance. ROS generation in tumor cells affects the cell cycle and is involved in tumor progression and drug resistance in GBM. However, excess ROS production has been found to induce cell death programs such as apoptosis and autophagy. Since GBM cells have a high metabolic rate and produce high levels of ROS, metabolic adaptation in these cells plays an essential role in resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Finally, the microenvironment with the stromal components participates in the enhancement of the oxidative stress to promote tumor progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Olivier
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lisenn Lalier
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - François M Vallette
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhou P, Sheng Z, Li J, Zhou J, Chen R, Chen Y, Zhao H, Yan H. Prognostic Value of Total Bilirubin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:615254. [PMID: 33392275 PMCID: PMC7773653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.615254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bilirubin, a natural product of heme catabolism, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and is inversely associated with stable coronary artery disease. However, the relationship between the bilirubin levels and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) remains unknown. This study aimed to establish a score model based on bilirubin for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and stratify patients to the level of care. Methods and Results: Data of 4,151 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI were evaluated, and 3,708 cases were analyzed. The total bilirubin (TBil) levels were measured during admission, and the study population was divided into two groups. The high TBil group (n = 143) comprised patients who had a TBil level of ≥22 μmmol/L, and the low TBil group (n = 3,565) comprised patients who had a TBil level of <22 μmmol/L. The median follow-up period was 754 days (2.066 years). The MACE was significantly lower in the high TBil group than in the low TBil group (3.5% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, a significant association was noted between the TBil levels and adjusted risk of MACE (hazard ratio, 0.279; 95% confidence interval, 0.088-0.877; p = 0.029). A prediction score model composed of TBil, age, hypertension history, and other eight variables was developed, with scores ranging from 0 to 500. The scores categorized patients into low-, medium-, and high-risk categories. The cumulative survival rate was significantly higher in the low-risk group than in the medium- and high-risk groups for MACE, all-cause death, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.030, and p = 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve of the TBil score was 0.768; this was significantly greater in the pairwise comparison with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score (p = 0.0012). Conclusion: The new prediction score model based on TBil could be used in clinical practice to support risk stratification as recommended in the clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxue Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.,Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Haines DD, Tosaki A. Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249698. [PMID: 33353225 PMCID: PMC7766613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of tetrapyrrol "coordination complexes" called hemes are prosthetic group components of metalloproteins including hemoglobin, which provide functionality to these physiologically essential macromolecules by reversibly binding diatomic gasses, notably O2, which complexes to ferrous (reduced/Fe(II)) iron within the heme porphyrin ring of hemoglobin in a pH- and PCO2-dependent manner-thus allowing their transport and delivery to anatomic sites of their function. Here, pathologies associated with aberrant heme degradation are explored in the context of their underlying mechanisms and emerging medical countermeasures developed using heme oxygenase (HO), its major degradative enzyme and bioactive metabolites produced by HO activity. Tissue deposits of heme accumulate as a result of the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes from circulation by splenic macrophages, which destroy the cells and internal proteins, including hemoglobin, leaving free heme to accumulate, posing a significant toxicogenic challenge. In humans, HO uses NADPH as a reducing agent, along with molecular oxygen, to degrade heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free ferrous iron (FeII), which is sequestered by ferritin protein, and biliverdin, subsequently metabolized to bilirubin, a potent inhibitor of oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage. CO acts as a cellular messenger and augments vasodilation. Nevertheless, disease- or trauma-associated oxidative stressors sufficiently intense to overwhelm HO may trigger or exacerbate a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurologic syndromes. Here, strategies are described for counteracting the effects of aberrant heme degradation, with a particular focus on "bioflavonoids" as HO inducers, shown to cause amelioration of severe inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald David Haines
- Advanced Biotherapeutics, London W2 1EB, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-255586
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50
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Ceccarelli V, Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Bertoccini L, Chiappetta C, Capoccia D, Carletti R, Di Cristofano C, Silecchia G, Fontana M, Leonetti F, Lenzi A, Baroni MG, Barone E, Cavallo MG. Reduced Biliverdin Reductase-A Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue is Associated with Adipocyte Dysfunction and NAFLD in Human Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239091. [PMID: 33260451 PMCID: PMC7730815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase A (BVR-A) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of insulin signalling. Knockout (KO) mice for hepatic BVR-A, on a high-fat diet, develop more severe glucose impairment and hepato-steatosis than the wild type, whereas loss of adipocyte BVR-A is associated with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and adipocyte size. However, BVR-A expression in human VAT has not been investigated. We evaluated BVR-A mRNA expression levels by real-time PCR in the intra-operative omental biopsy of 38 obese subjects and investigated the association with metabolic impairment, VAT dysfunction, and biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Individuals with lower VAT BVR-A mRNA levels had significantly greater VAT IL-8 and Caspase 3 expression than those with higher BVR-A. Lower VAT BVR-A mRNA levels were associated with an increased adipocytes’ size. An association between lower VAT BVR-A expression and higher plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was also observed. Reduced VAT BVR-A was associated with NAFLD with an odds ratio of 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.9; χ2 test) and with AUROC = 0.89 (p = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.76–1.0). In conclusion, reduced BVR-A expression in omental adipose tissue is associated with VAT dysfunction and NAFLD, suggesting a possible involvement of BVR-A in the regulation of VAT homeostasis in presence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy;
- Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (M.G.C.); Tel.: +39-(0)6-4997-4692 (M.G.C.)
| | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (M.G.C.); Tel.: +39-(0)6-4997-4692 (M.G.C.)
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