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Mendonça M, Ni Y, Baumann N, Darlow BA, Horwood J, Doyle LW, Cheong JLY, Anderson PJ, Bartmann P, Marlow N, Johnson S, Kajantie E, Hovi P, Nosarti C, Indredavik MS, Evensen KAI, Räikkönen K, Heinonen K, van der Pal S, Woodward LJ, Harris S, Eves R, Wolke D. Romantic and sexual relationships of young adults born very preterm: An individual participant data meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 39252537 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare romantic and sexual relationships between adults born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) and at term, and to evaluate potential biological and environmental explanatory factors among VP/VLBW participants. METHODS This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis included longitudinal studies assessing romantic and sexual relationships in adults (mean sample age ≥ 18 years) born VP/VLBW compared with term-born controls. Following PRISMA-IPD guidelines, 11 of the 13 identified cohorts provided IPD from 1606 VP/VLBW adults and 1659 term-born controls. IPD meta-analyses were performed using one-stage approach. RESULTS Individuals born VP/VLBW were less likely to be in a romantic relationship (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.31-0.76), to be married/cohabiting (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.92), or to have had sexual intercourse (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.36) than term-born adults. If sexually active, VP/VLBW participants were more likely to experience their first sexual intercourse after the age of 18 years (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.24-3.01) than term-born adults. Among VP/VLBW adults, males, and those with neurosensory impairment were least likely to experience romantic relationships. CONCLUSIONS These findings reflect less optimal social functioning and may have implications for socioeconomic and health outcomes of adults born VP/VLBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mendonça
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Yanyan Ni
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicole Baumann
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago at Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neil Marlow
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Medicine Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Hovi
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marit S Indredavik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Welfare Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sylvia van der Pal
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Harris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago at Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert Eves
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
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Guillén Ú, Zupancic JAF, Litt JS, Kaempf J, Fanaroff A, Polin RA, Martin R, Eichenwald E, Wilson-Costello D, Edwards AD, Hallman M, Bührer C, Fanaroff J, Albersheim S, Embleton ND, Shah PS, Dennery PA, Discenza D, Jobe AH, Kirpalani H. Community Considerations for Aggressive Intensive Care Therapy for Infants <24+0 Weeks of Gestation. J Pediatr 2024; 268:113948. [PMID: 38336203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John A F Zupancic
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan S Litt
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Kaempf
- Women and Children's Services, Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Avroy Fanaroff
- Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Richard Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Eric Eichenwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Fanaroff
- Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Susan Albersheim
- Division of Neonatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Prakesh S Shah
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Alan H Jobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Haresh Kirpalani
- Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, and Emeritus Department Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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3
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Ou-Yang MC, Sun Y, Liebowitz M, Chen CC, Fang ML, Dai W, Chuang TW, Chen JL. Correction: Accelerated weight gain, prematurity, and the risk of childhood obesity: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298556. [PMID: 38315715 PMCID: PMC10843033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232238.].
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4
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Rocha AS, Ribeiro-Silva RDC, Silva JFM, Pinto EJ, Silva NJ, Paixao ES, Fiaccone RL, Kac G, Rodrigues LC, Anderson C, Barreto ML. Postnatal growth in small vulnerable newborns: a longitudinal study of 2 million Brazilians using routine register-based linked data. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:444-455. [PMID: 38128734 PMCID: PMC10884605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm, low-birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns have a higher frequency of adverse health outcomes, including linear and ponderal growth impairment. OBJECTIVE To describe the growth trajectories and to estimate catch-up growth during the first 5 y of life of small newborns according to 3 vulnerability phenotypes (preterm, LBW, SGA). METHODS Longitudinal study using linked data from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort baseline, the Brazilian National Live Birth System (SINASC), and the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) from 2011 to 2017. We estimated the length/height-for-age (L/HAZ) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) trajectories from children of 6-59 mo using the linear mixed model for each vulnerable newborn phenotype. Growth velocity for both L/HAZ and WAZ was calculated considering the change (Δ) in the mean z-score between 2 time points. Catch-up growth was defined as a change in z-score > 0.67 at any time during follow-up. RESULTS We analyzed 2,021,998 live born children and 8,726,599 observations. The prevalence of at least one of the vulnerable phenotypes was 16.7% and 0.6% were simultaneously preterm, LBW, and SGA. For those born at term, all phenotypes had a period of growth recovery from 12 mo. For preterm infants, the onset of L/HAZ growth recovery started later at 24 mo and the growth trajectories appear to be lower than those born at term, a condition aggravated among children with the 3 phenotypes. Preterm and female infants seem to experience slower growth recovery than those born at term and males. The catch-up growth occurs at 24-59 mo for males preterm: preterm + AGA + NBW (Δ = 0.80), preterm + AGA + LBW (Δ = 0.88), and preterm + SGA + LBW (Δ = 1.08); and among females: term + SGA + NBW (Δ = 0.69), term + AGA + LBW (Δ = 0.72), term + SGA + LBW (Δ = 0.77), preterm + AGA + LBW (Δ = 0.68), and preterm + SGA + LBW (Δ = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Children born preterm seem to reach L/HAZ and WAZ growth trajectories lower than those attained by children born at term, a condition aggravated among the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S Rocha
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil; Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia (ISC/UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juliana F M Silva
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elizabete J Pinto
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil
| | - Natanael J Silva
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enny S Paixao
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosemeire L Fiaccone
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura C Rodrigues
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Anderson
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia (ISC/UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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Lapidaire W, Proaño A, Blumenberg C, Loret de Mola C, Delgado CA, del Castillo D, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H, Gilman RH, Oberhelman RA, Lewandowski AJ, Wells JCK, Miranda JJ. Effect of preterm birth on growth and blood pressure in adulthood in the Pelotas 1993 cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1870-1877. [PMID: 37354551 PMCID: PMC10749774 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth has been associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in adulthood, attributed to cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in early life. However, there is paucity of evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We investigated the differences between preterm (<37 weeks gestational age) and term-born individuals in birth length and weight as well as adult (18 and 20 years) height, weight and blood pressure in the Brazilian 1993 Pelotas birth cohort using linear regressions. Analyses were adjusted for the maternal weight at the beginning of pregnancy and maternal education and family income at childbirth. Additional models were adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and birthweight. Separate analyses were run for males and females. The complete sample was analysed with an interaction term for sex. RESULTS Of the 3585 babies included at birth, 3010 were followed up in adulthood at 22 years. Preterm participants had lower length and weight at birth. This difference remained for male participants in adulthood, but female participants were no shorter than their term counterparts by 18 years of age. At 22 years, females born preterm had lower blood pressures (systolic blood pressure -1.00 mmHg, 95%CI -2.7, 0.7 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure -1.1 mmHg, 95%CI -2.4, 0.3 mmHg) than females born at term. These differences were not found in male participants. CONCLUSIONS In this Brazilian cohort we found contrasting results regarding the association of preterm birth with blood pressure in young adulthood, which may be unique to an LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winok Lapidaire
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alvaro Proaño
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Causale Consultoria, Pelotas, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, FURG, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, FURG, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos A Delgado
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru
| | - Darwin del Castillo
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Oberhelman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jańczewska I, Wierzba J, Jańczewska A, Szczurek-Gierczak M, Domżalska-Popadiuk I. Prematurity and Low Birth Weight and Their Impact on Childhood Growth Patterns and the Risk of Long-Term Cardiovascular Sequelae. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1599. [PMID: 37892262 PMCID: PMC10605160 DOI: 10.3390/children10101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a global health problem, remaining the main reason for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Improvements in perinatal and neonatal care in recent decades have been associated with a higher survival rate of extremely preterm infants, leading to a higher risk of long-term sequelae in this population throughout life. Numerous surveillance programs for formerly premature infants continue to focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, while long-term assessment of the impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on child growth and the associated risk of cardiovascular disease in young adults is equally necessary. This review will discuss the influence of prematurity and low birth weight on childhood growth and cardiovascular risk in children, adolescents and young adults. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is increased in adult preterm survivors. In early childhood, preterm infants may show elevated blood pressure, weakened vascular growth, augmented peripheral vascular resistance and cardiomyocyte remodeling. Increased weight gain during the early postnatal period may influence later body composition, promote obesity and impair cardiovascular results. These adverse metabolic alterations contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular incidents, adult hypertension and diabetes. Preterm-born children and those with fetal growth restriction (FGR) who demonstrate rapid changes in their weight percentile should remain under surveillance with blood pressure monitoring. A better understanding of lifelong health outcomes of preterm-born individuals is crucial for developing strategies to prevent cardiovascular sequelae and may be the basis for future research to provide effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Jańczewska
- Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Jańczewska
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Voivodeship Oncology Centre, Skłodowskiej-Curie 2 Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczurek-Gierczak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Hospitals in Gdynia, Powstania Styczniowego 1 Street, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Iwona Domżalska-Popadiuk
- Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
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Bozack AK, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gold DR, Laubach ZM, Perng W, Hivert MF, Cardenas A. DNA methylation age at birth and childhood: performance of epigenetic clocks and characteristics associated with epigenetic age acceleration in the Project Viva cohort. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:62. [PMID: 37046280 PMCID: PMC10099681 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) and epigenetic gestational age acceleration (EGAA) are biomarkers of physiological development and may be affected by the perinatal environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of epigenetic clocks and to identify biological and sociodemographic correlates of EGAA and EAA at birth and in childhood. In the Project Viva pre-birth cohort, DNA methylation was measured in nucleated cells in cord blood (leukocytes and nucleated red blood cells, N = 485) and leukocytes in early (N = 120, median age = 3.2 years) and mid-childhood (N = 460, median age = 7.7 years). We calculated epigenetic gestational age (EGA; Bohlin and Knight clocks) and epigenetic age (EA; Horvath and skin & blood clocks), and respective measures of EGAA and EAA. We evaluated the performance of clocks relative to chronological age using correlations and median absolute error. We tested for associations of maternal-child characteristics with EGAA and EAA using mutually adjusted linear models controlling for estimated cell type proportions. We also tested associations of Horvath EA at birth with childhood EAA. RESULTS Bohlin EGA was strongly correlated with chronological gestational age (Bohlin EGA r = 0.82, p < 0.001). Horvath and skin & blood EA were weakly correlated with gestational age, but moderately correlated with chronological age in childhood (r = 0.45-0.65). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher skin & blood EAA at birth [B (95% CI) = 1.17 weeks (- 0.09, 2.42)] and in early childhood [0.34 years (0.03, 0.64)]. Female newborns and children had lower Bohlin EGAA [- 0.17 weeks (- 0.30, - 0.04)] and Horvath EAA at birth [B (95% CI) = - 2.88 weeks (- 4.41, - 1.35)] and in childhood [early childhood: - 0.3 years (- 0.60, 0.01); mid-childhood: - 0.48 years (- 0.77, - 0.18)] than males. When comparing self-reported Asian, Black, Hispanic, and more than one race or other racial/ethnic groups to White, we identified significant differences in EGAA and EAA at birth and in mid-childhood, but associations varied across clocks. Horvath EA at birth was positively associated with childhood Horvath and skin & blood EAA. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child sex were associated with EGAA and EAA at multiple timepoints. Further research may provide insight into the relationship between perinatal factors, pediatric epigenetic aging, and health and development across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bozack
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Research Park, 1701 Page Mill Road, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary M Laubach
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health and Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Research Park, 1701 Page Mill Road, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Joseph RM, Lai ER, Bishop S, Yi J, Bauman ML, Frazier JA, Santos HP, Douglas LM, Kuban KK, Fry RC, O’Shea MT. Comparing autism phenotypes in children born extremely preterm and born at term. Autism Res 2023; 16:653-666. [PMID: 36595641 PMCID: PMC10551822 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Children born preterm are at increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is limited knowledge about whether ASD phenotypes in children born preterm differ from children born at term. The objective of this study was to compare ASD core symptoms and associated characteristics among extremely preterm (EP) and term-born children with ASD. EP participants (n = 59) from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study who met diagnostic criteria for ASD at approximately 10 years of age were matched with term-born participants from the Simons Simplex Collection on age, sex, spoken language level, and nonverbal IQ. Core ASD symptomatology was evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Developmental milestones, anthropometrics, seizure disorder, and psychiatric symptoms were also investigated. The EP group had lower parent-reported symptom scores on ADI-R verbal communication, specifically stereotyped language, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. There were no between-group differences on ADI-R nonverbal communication and ADI-R reciprocal social interaction or with direct observation on the ADOS-2. The EP group was more likely to have delayed speech milestones and lower physical growth parameters. Results from female-only analyses were similar to those from whole-group analyses. In sum, behavioral presentation was similar between EP and IQ- and sex-matched term-born children assessed at age 10 years, with the exception of less severe retrospectively reported stereotyped behaviors, lower physical growth parameters, and increased delays in language milestones among EP-born children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily R. Lai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Somer Bishop
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joe Yi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret L. Bauman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hudson P. Santos
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Karl K.C. Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael T. O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Vinther JL, Ekstrøm CT, Sørensen TIA, Cederkvist L, Lawlor DA, Andersen AMN. Gestational age and trajectories of body mass index and height from birth through adolescence in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3298. [PMID: 36843043 PMCID: PMC9968714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with smaller body dimensions at birth. The impact on body size in later life, measured by body mass index (BMI) and height, remains unclear. A prospective register-based cohort study with 62,625 singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort born 1996-2003 for whom information on gestational age (GA) at birth, length or weight at birth, and at least two growth measurements scheduled at the ages of 5 and 12 months, and 7, 11 and 18 years were available. Linear mixed effects with splines, stratified by sex, and adjusted for confounders were used to estimate standardised BMI and height. GA was positively associated with BMI in infancy, but differences between preterm and term children declined with age. By age 7, preterm children had slightly lower BMI than term children, whereas no difference was observed by adolescence (mean difference in BMI z-score - 0.28 to 0.15). GA was strongly associated with height in infancy, but mean differences between individuals born preterm and term declined during childhood. By adolescence, the most preterm individuals remained shorter than their term peers (mean difference in height z-score from - 1.00 to - 0.28). The lower BMI in preterm infants relative to term infants equalizes during childhood, such that by adolescence there is no clear difference. Height is strongly positively associated with GA in early childhood, whilst by end of adolescence individuals born preterm remain slightly shorter than term peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L. Vinther
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Bartholinsgade 6Q, 2nd Fl., 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus T. Ekstrøm
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Bartholinsgade 6Q, 2nd Fl., 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luise Cederkvist
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Bartholinsgade 6Q, 2nd Fl., 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Bartholinsgade 6Q, 2nd Fl., 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Cheong JL, Olsen JE, Konstan T, Mainzer RM, Hickey LM, Spittle AJ, Wark JD, Cheung MM, Garland SM, Duff J, Clark M, Stevens P, Doyle LW, Anderson P, Boland R, Burnett A, Charlton M, Clark M, Davis N, Doyle L, Duff J, Hickey L, Johnston E, Josev E, Lee K, Mainzer R, McDonald M, Novella B, Olsen J, Opie G, Pigdon L, Roberts G, Spittle A, Stevens P, Stewart A, Turner AM, Woods T. Growth from infancy to adulthood and associations with cardiometabolic health in individuals born extremely preterm. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - WESTERN PACIFIC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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11
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Vinther JL, Cadman T, Avraam D, Ekstrøm CT, I. A. Sørensen T, Elhakeem A, Santos AC, Pinot de Moira A, Heude B, Iñiguez C, Pizzi C, Simons E, Voerman E, Corpeleijn E, Zariouh F, Santorelli G, Inskip HM, Barros H, Carson J, Harris JR, Nader JL, Ronkainen J, Strandberg-Larsen K, Santa-Marina L, Calas L, Cederkvist L, Popovic M, Charles MA, Welten M, Vrijheid M, Azad M, Subbarao P, Burton P, Mandhane PJ, Huang RC, Wilson RC, Haakma S, Fernández-Barrés S, Turvey S, Santos S, Tough SC, Sebert S, Moraes TJ, Salika T, Jaddoe VWV, Lawlor DA, Nybo Andersen AM. Gestational age at birth and body size from infancy through adolescence: An individual participant data meta-analysis on 253,810 singletons in 16 birth cohort studies. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004036. [PMID: 36701266 PMCID: PMC9879424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with adverse developmental and long-term health outcomes, including several cardiometabolic risk factors and outcomes. However, evidence about the association of preterm birth with later body size derives mainly from studies using birth weight as a proxy of prematurity rather than an actual length of gestation. We investigated the association of gestational age (GA) at birth with body size from infancy through adolescence. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a two-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis using data from 253,810 mother-child dyads from 16 general population-based cohort studies in Europe (Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, United Kingdom), North America (Canada), and Australasia (Australia) to estimate the association of GA with body mass index (BMI) and overweight (including obesity) adjusted for the following maternal characteristics as potential confounders: education, height, prepregnancy BMI, ethnic background, parity, smoking during pregnancy, age at child's birth, gestational diabetes and hypertension, and preeclampsia. Pregnancy and birth cohort studies from the LifeCycle and the EUCAN-Connect projects were invited and were eligible for inclusion if they had information on GA and minimum one measurement of BMI between infancy and adolescence. Using a federated analytical tool (DataSHIELD), we fitted linear and logistic regression models in each cohort separately with a complete-case approach and combined the regression estimates and standard errors through random-effects study-level meta-analysis providing an overall effect estimate at early infancy (>0.0 to 0.5 years), late infancy (>0.5 to 2.0 years), early childhood (>2.0 to 5.0 years), mid-childhood (>5.0 to 9.0 years), late childhood (>9.0 to 14.0 years), and adolescence (>14.0 to 19.0 years). GA was positively associated with BMI in the first decade of life, with the greatest increase in mean BMI z-score during early infancy (0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00; 0.05, p < 0.05) per week of increase in GA, while in adolescence, preterm individuals reached similar levels of BMI (0.00, 95% CI: -0.01; 0.01, p 0.9) as term counterparts. The association between GA and overweight revealed a similar pattern of association with an increase in odds ratio (OR) of overweight from late infancy through mid-childhood (OR 1.01 to 1.02) per week increase in GA. By adolescence, however, GA was slightly negatively associated with the risk of overweight (OR 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97; 1.00], p 0.1) per week of increase in GA. Although based on only four cohorts (n = 32,089) that reached the age of adolescence, data suggest that individuals born very preterm may be at increased odds of overweight (OR 1.46 [95% CI: 1.03; 2.08], p < 0.05) compared with term counterparts. Findings were consistent across cohorts and sensitivity analyses despite considerable heterogeneity in cohort characteristics. However, residual confounding may be a limitation in this study, while findings may be less generalisable to settings in low- and middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS This study based on data from infancy through adolescence from 16 cohort studies found that GA may be important for body size in infancy, but the strength of association attenuates consistently with age. By adolescence, preterm individuals have on average a similar mean BMI to peers born at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L. Vinther
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim Cadman
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Demetris Avraam
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Claus T. Ekstrøm
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C. Santos
- EPIUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela Pinot de Moira
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- FISABIO—Universitat Jaume I—Universitat de València Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, València, Spain
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elinor Simons
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ellis Voerman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Faryal Zariouh
- Ined, Inserm, EFS, joint unit Elfe, Aubervilliers Cedex, France
| | - Gilian Santorelli
- Born In Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jennie Carson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Harris
- Center for Fertillity and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna L. Nader
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Justiina Ronkainen
- Center for Life-course Health research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Health Department of Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lucinda Calas
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Luise Cederkvist
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Marieke Welten
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meghan Azad
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children’s Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Translational Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Burton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- Edith Cowan University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Rebecca C. Wilson
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sido Haakma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stuart Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C. Tough
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life-course Health research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Theo J. Moraes
- Translational Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theodosia Salika
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Preterm birth and subsequent timing of pubertal growth, menarche, and voice break. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:199-205. [PMID: 34429512 PMCID: PMC9411060 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated pubertal growth and pubertal timing of participants born preterm compared to those born at term. METHODS In the ESTER Preterm Birth Study, we collected growth data and measured final height of men/women born very or moderately preterm (<34 gestational weeks, n = 52/55), late preterm (34-<37 weeks, 94/106), and term (≥37 weeks, 131/151), resulting in median 9 measurements at ≥6 years. Timing of menarche or voice break was self-reported. Peak height velocity (PHV, cm/year) and age at PHV (years) were compared with SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) model (sexes separately). RESULTS Age at PHV (years) and PHV (cm/year) were similar in all gestational age groups. Compared to term controls, insignificant differences in age at PHV were 0.1 (95% CI: -0.2 to 0.4) years/0.2 (-0.1 to 0.4) for very or moderately/late preterm born men and -0.0 (-0.3 to 0.3)/-0.0 (-0.3 to 0.2) for women, respectively. Being born small for gestational age was not associated with pubertal growth. Age at menarche or voice break was similar in all the gestational age groups. CONCLUSIONS Timing of pubertal growth and age at menarche or voice break were similar in participants born preterm and at term. IMPACT Pubertal growth and pubertal timing were similar in preterm and term participants in a relatively large cohort with a wide range of gestational ages. Previous literature indicates that small for gestational age is a risk for early puberty in term born children. This was not shown in preterm children. While our study had limited power for children born very preterm, all children born preterm were not at increased risk for early puberty.
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Awata K, Shoji H, Santosa I, Ikeda N, Murano Y, Ohkawa N, Nishizaki N, Hisata K, Kantake M, Obinata K, Shimizu T. Associations between size at birth and size at 6 years among preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14844. [PMID: 33999477 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between fetal growth and size at school age in children born prematurely. We evaluated the relationships between gestational age and anthropometric z-scores at birth and size at 6 years of age in very-low-birthweight infants born at <30 weeks' gestation. METHODS We collected data from the medical records of 187 preterm children at birth and 6 years of age. We evaluated correlations between gestational age and z-scores for weight, body length, and head circumference at birth and z-scores for weight, height, and body mass index at 6 years of age. RESULTS Simple regression analysis showed that, in boys and the overall group, gestational age and z-scores for weight, body length, and head circumference at birth had significant association with z-scores for weight, height, and body mass index at 6 years of age. No significant associations were found in girls, except for weight z-scores at 6 years with gestational age and head circumference z-scores at birth. Multiple regression analysis showed that gestational age and length z-score at birth were significantly and independently associated with weight and height z-score at 6 years. Gestational age was also significantly and independently associated with body mass index z-score at 6 years. CONCLUSION Gestational age and fetal growth in length (assessed with the birth-length z-score) were associated with anthropometric z-scores at 6 years in very-low-birthweight children born at <30 weeks of gestation, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Awata
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Irena Santosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Murano
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohkawa
- Department of Neonatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Hisata
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kantake
- Department of Neonatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Obinata
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Critical examination of relationships between early growth and childhood overweight in extremely preterm infants. J Perinatol 2021; 41:2774-2781. [PMID: 34404924 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity (OWO) at 3-year corrected age in children born <1500 g <29 weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN A multicentre retrospective cohort study for preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units between 2001 and 2014. RESULTS Data were available for 911 (89.4%) of the 1019 infants who met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 22 (2.4%) had OWO. There were no associations between OWO and being small for gestational age (RR = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-5.4) or weight <10th percentile at 36 weeks (RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.4-2.8). OWO was associated with low maternal education (RR = 7.4, 95% CI: 2.1-26), maternal diabetes (RR = 5.2, 95% CI: 1.9-15) and neonatal brain injury (RR = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.8-14). Adjusting for concurrent child weight at 3 years of age resulted in an overadjustment bias. CONCLUSION Small size at birth or at 36 weeks gestation in extremely preterm infants is not associated with increased risk of early childhood overgrowth or obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03064022.
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15
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Abstract
As survival of infants born extremely preterm increases, more are now reaching adulthood. It is well documented that survivors born extremely preterm experience more developmental delay and disability in multiple domains compared with term-born controls in early childhood and school age. However, with increasing age, health problems involving physical and mental health become more evident. Despite these challenges, it is reassuring that self-reported quality of life remains good. Future directions of research include development of age-appropriate interventions to optimise health and development of individuals born extremely preterm beyond school age.
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16
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Spittle AJ, Thompson DK, Olsen JE, Kwong A, Treyvaud K. Predictors of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born extremely preterm. Semin Perinatol 2021; 45:151482. [PMID: 34456065 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2021.151482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) are at high risk of a range of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in later childhood compared with their peers born at term, including cognitive, motor, and behavioral difficulties. These difficulties can be associated with poorer academic achievement and health outcomes at school age. In this review, we discuss several predictors in the newborn period of early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes including perinatal risk factors, neuroimaging findings and neurobehavioral assessments, along with social and environmental influences for children born extremely preterm. Given the complexity of predicting long-term outcomes in children born extremely preterm, we recommend multi-disciplinary teams in clinical practice to assist in determining an individual child's risk for adverse long-term outcomes and need for referral to targeted intervention, based upon their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Spittle
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy and Newborn Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joy E Olsen
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy and Newborn Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amanda Kwong
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy and Newborn Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Karli Treyvaud
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Sutherland MR, Malik W, Nguyen VB, Tran V, Polglase GR, Black MJ. Renal morphology and glomerular capillarisation in young adult sheep born moderately preterm. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:975-981. [PMID: 33300490 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (delivery <37 weeks of gestation) is associated with impaired glomerular capillary growth in neonates; if this persists, it may be a contributing factor in the increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in people born preterm. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the long-term impact of preterm birth on renal morphology, in adult sheep. Singleton male sheep were delivered moderately preterm at 132 days (~0.9) of gestation (n = 6) or at term (147 days gestation; n = 6) and euthanised at 14.5 months of age (early adulthood). Stereological methods were used to determine mean renal corpuscle and glomerular volumes, and glomerular capillary length and surface area, in the outer, mid and inner regions of the renal cortex. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial collagen levels were assessed histologically. By 14.5 months of age, there was no difference between the term and preterm sheep in body or kidney weight. Renal corpuscle volume was significantly larger in the preterm sheep than the term sheep, with the preterm sheep exhibiting enlarged Bowman's spaces; however, there was no difference in glomerular volume between groups, with no impact of preterm birth on capillary length or surface area per glomerulus. There was also no difference in interstitial collagen levels or glomerulosclerosis index between groups. Findings suggest that moderate preterm birth does not adversely affect glomerular structure in early adulthood. The enlarged Bowman's space in the renal corpuscles of the preterm sheep kidneys, however, is of concern and merits further research into its cause and functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sutherland
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Waleed Malik
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivian B Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University and the Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Jane Black
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Yun J, Jung YH, Shin SH, Song IG, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim EK, Kim HS. Impact of very preterm birth and post-discharge growth on cardiometabolic outcomes at school age: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:373. [PMID: 34465300 PMCID: PMC8406828 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse metabolic outcomes later in life have been reported among children or young adults who were born as preterm infants. This study was conducted to examine the impact of very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) birth and subsequent growth after hospital discharge on cardiometabolic outcomes such as insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) among children at 6–8 years of age. Methods This retrospective cohort study included children aged 6–8 years and compared those who were born at < 32 weeks of gestation or weighing < 1,500 g at birth (n = 60) with those born at term (n = 110). Body size, fat mass, BP, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were measured. Weight-for-age z-score changes between discharge and early school-age period were also calculated, and factors associated with BP, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance were analyzed. Results Children who were born VP/VLBW had significantly lower fat masses, higher systolic BP and diastolic BP, and significantly higher values of fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), compared to children born at term. VP/VLBW was correlated with HOMA-IR and BPs after adjusting for various factors, including fat mass index and weight-for-age z-score changes. Weight-for-age z-score changes were associated with HOMA-IR, but not with BPs. Conclusions Although children aged 6–8 years who were born VP/VLBW showed significantly lower weight and fat mass, they had significantly higher BPs, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels. The associations of VP/VLBW with cardiometabolic factors were independent of fat mass and weight gain velocity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02851-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungha Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwa Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Gyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Suk Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Geisler I, Rausch TK, Göpel W, Spiegler J. Extremely and very preterm-born children <1500 g show different weight development in childhood compared to their peers. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2093-2099. [PMID: 33533506 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop reference growth charts for body mass index (BMI), weight, length and head circumference in children born extremely preterm (EPT) or very preterm (VPT) with a birth weight <1500 g. METHODS We analysed EPT and VPT children from the German Neonatal Network born between 2009 and 2013 without chronic diseases or medications influencing growth. These data of EPT and VPT datasets were split into a training dataset and a validation dataset. In the validation dataset, data from 385 EPT and 491 VPT children from birth to age 6 years were analysed to calculate growth charts. RESULTS The percentiles of length of EPT and VPT children were comparable to German reference percentiles. The BMI peak in infancy was attenuated, and BMI was lower in all the EPT and VPT children analysed. From 2 years until 6 years of age, head circumference was lower in EPT and VPT boys and girls. CONCLUSION Deficits in height described in EPT cohorts born during the 1980 s and 1990 s were not seen in our cohort. However, EPT and VPT born children showed growth patterns that differed from national reference curves for BMI. The growth charts provided here can be used to judge the growth of EPT and VPT born children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Geisler
- Department of Paediatrics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - Tanja Katrin Rausch
- Department of Paediatrics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Institut für medizinische Biometrie und Statistik University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - Wolfgang Göpel
- Department of Paediatrics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
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20
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Han J, Jiang Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li Y, Yan W. Postnatal growth of preterm infants during the first two years of life: catch-up growth accompanied by risk of overweight. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:66. [PMID: 33726805 PMCID: PMC7968173 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early postanal growth of preterm infants has many effects on early and late health. However, evidence on growth pattern in Chinese preterm infant population during early life is insufficient. This study aims to describe the growth trajectory, catch-up growth, and risk of overweight of preterm infants during the first 2 years of life in a Chinese community population. METHODS All preterm infants (n = 10,624) received routine childcare in one primary maternal and child healthcare network in 8 years were included. Body weight and length/height at corrected age (CA) 40 weeks, CA 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were extracted and converted to z-scores based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. According to the intrauterine growth status, infants were divided into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Changes of z-score were used to describe the growth velocity. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze growth trajectory trends over time. RESULTS Body weight and length/height were overall above the WHO standards during the first 2 years of life. Z-score increased significantly by 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06-0.10) in weight and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04-0.09) in length/height from CA 40 weeks to 3 months and then levelled off until CA 24 months after adjustment. Almost 90% of AGA and LGA infants achieved growth targets (≥25th percentile of WHO standards), and over 85% of SGA infants achieved catch-up growth (≥10th percentile of WHO standards) before CA 24 months. However, the risk of overweight appeared during this period, with the proportion of infants with the risk of overweight being at the peak at CA 3 months (25.6% of all preterm infants and 39.4% of LGA infants). Growth trajectories of SGA showed increasing trends, but those of LGA showed decreasing trends during the first 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Body weight and length/height of preterm infants are above the WHO standards in the Chinese community population during the first 2 years of life. Catch-up growth is accompanied by risk of overweight as early as CA 3 months. (349 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Han
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
- National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
- National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Shanghai Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 805 Gudai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shanghai Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 805 Gudai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 805 Gudai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
- National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
- National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 805 Gudai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Weili Yan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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21
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Hickey L, Burnett A, Spittle AJ, Roberts G, Anderson P, Lee K, Doyle LW, Cheong JLY. Extreme prematurity, growth and neurodevelopment at 8 years: a cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:160-166. [PMID: 32747376 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infants born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks' gestation) exhibit poorer growth and neurodevelopmental impairment in early childhood compared with their term-born peers. Whether poor growth persists and whether associations of growth with neurodevelopmental functioning have changed in the decades since the introduction of surfactant are not well described. This study aims to (1) compare growth from birth to 2 years then 8 years in children born EP between three different eras, and (2) investigate the associations of growth from birth to 2 years then 8 years with cognitive, academic, executive and motor function at 8 years, and if associations have changed over time. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort studies in the State of Victoria, Australia in three discrete eras: 1991-1992, 1997 and 2005. EP children had weight and head circumference measured at birth, and weight, head circumference and height at 2 and 8 years. Cognitive ability, academic performance, executive function and motor skills were assessed at 8 years, corrected for prematurity. RESULTS 499/546 (91%) of surviving EP children were fully assessed at 8 years. Growth in children born EP did not differ substantially between eras and associations between growth and neurodevelopment did not change over time. Overall, better weight and head growth from birth to 2 years were associated with improved neurodevelopment at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS Growth of children born EP has not improved in more recent eras. Better early head and weight growth are associated with improved neurodevelopment in mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Hickey
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Burnett
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Premature Infant Follow-up Program, Royal Women'd Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gehan Roberts
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Anderson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lee
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanie Ling Yoong Cheong
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Premature Infant Follow-up Program, Royal Women'd Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Zhang L, Lin JG, Liang S, Sun J, Gao NN, Wu Q, Zhang HY, Liu HJ, Cheng XD, Cao Y, Li Y. Comparison of Postnatal Growth Charts of Singleton Preterm and Term Infants Using World Health Organization Standards at 40-160 Weeks Postmenstrual Age: A Chinese Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:595882. [PMID: 33791257 PMCID: PMC8005644 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.595882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There remains controversy regarding whether the growth charts constructed from data of term infants, such as those produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, can appropriately evaluate the postnatal growth of preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study, conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in Jinan China, aimed to compare the postnatal growth charts of singleton preterm and term infants using WHO standards at 40-160 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). A total of 5,459 and 15,185 sets of longitudinal measurements [length/height, weight, head circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI)] from birth to 160 weeks PMA were used to construct growth charts for 559 singleton preterm (mean PMA at birth, 33.84 weeks) and 1,596 singleton term infants (born at 40 weeks PMA), respectively, using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) method. Z-scores (prematurity corrected) were calculated using WHO Anthro software. Compared to WHO standards, all parameters of preterm infants were increased, especially in terms of length/height and weight; the gap between the two almost spanned two adjacent centile curves. Compared to term controls, the length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants were higher at 40 weeks PMA, surpassed by term infants at 52-64 weeks PMA, and quite consistent thereafter. The HC of preterm infants at 40-160 weeks PMA was quite consistent with both term controls and the WHO standards. The Z-scores for length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants relative to the WHO standards gradually decreased from 1.20, 1.13, and 0.74 at 40-44 weeks PMA to 0.67, 0.42, and 0.03 at 132-160 weeks PMA, respectively; Z-scores for HC of preterm infants rapidly decreased from 0.73 to 0.29 at 40-50 weeks PMA, and then fluctuated in the range of 0.08-0.23 at 50-160 weeks PMA. Preterm infants had higher growth trajectories than the WHO standards and similar but not identical trajectories to term infants during the first 2 years of life. These findings reemphasize the necessity of constructing local growth charts for Chinese singleton preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Gong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Nan-Nan Gao
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Deng Cheng
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
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23
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Durá-Travé T, Martín-García IS, Gallinas-Victoriano F, Chueca-Guindulain MJ, Berrade-Zubiri S. Catch-up growth and associated factors in very low birth weight infants. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Cheong JLY, Haikerwal A, Wark JD, Irving L, Garland SM, Patton GC, Cheung MM, Doyle LW. Cardiovascular Health Profile at Age 25 Years in Adults Born Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birthweight. Hypertension 2020; 76:1838-1846. [PMID: 33100047 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Being born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g birthweight) may predict increased cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, but other early life predictors are less well described. We aimed to (1) compare cardiovascular health profiles between 165 adults born EP/ELBW and 127 controls at age 25 years, drawn from a prospective longitudinal cohort study, recruited at birth in 1991 to 1992; and (2) in the EP/ELBW group, determine early life associations of cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular health profiles were calculated individually for measures of anthropometry, abdominal visceral fat, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein, vascular indices, exercise tolerance and smoking status, and summed for an overall score. Cardiovascular health profiles were compared between groups; using logistic regression (individual scores) and the Mann-Whitney U test (cumulative score). Compared with controls, adults born EP/ELBW had less favorable cardiovascular health profiles; individually for abdominal visceral fat (odds ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.33-0.96], P=0.03), blood pressure (odds ratio 0.38 [95% CI, 0.23-0.63], P<0.001), exercise capacity (odds ratio 0.37 [95% CI, 0.22-0.63], P<0.001), and fasting glucose (odds ratio 0.51 [95% CI, 0.31-0.84], P=0.01) and overall (median [interquartile range] 10 [7-11] versus 11 [9-12], P=0.007). Male sex predicted unfavorable abdominal visceral fat, blood pressure and fasting glucose, and favorable exercise capacity. Greater increases in weight Z scores between 2 and 8, and 8 and 18 years predicted less favorable profiles of exercise capacity and visceral fat. Longer-term follow-up is critical to determine the cardiovascular sequelae of adults born EP/ELBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie L Y Cheong
- From the Neonatal Services (J.L.Y.C., A.H., L.W.D.), Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Sciences (J.L.Y.C., A.H., L.W.D.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (J.L.Y.C., S.M.G., L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anjali Haikerwal
- From the Neonatal Services (J.L.Y.C., A.H., L.W.D.), Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Sciences (J.L.Y.C., A.H., L.W.D.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine (J.D.W.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Bone and Mineral Medicine (J.D.W.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Lung Health Research Centre (LHRC) (L.I.), University of Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Disorders (L.I.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research (S.M.G.), Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infection & Immunity (S.M.G.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (J.L.Y.C., S.M.G., L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics (G.C.P., M.M.C., L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health (G.C.P.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael M Cheung
- Heart Research (M.M.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics (G.C.P., M.M.C., L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology (M.M.C.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- From the Neonatal Services (J.L.Y.C., A.H., L.W.D.), Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Sciences (J.L.Y.C., A.H., L.W.D.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (J.L.Y.C., S.M.G., L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics (G.C.P., M.M.C., L.W.D.), University of Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Durá-Travé T, San Martín-García I, Gallinas-Victoriano F, Chueca Guindulain MJ, Berrade-Zubiri S. [Catch-up growth and associated factors in very low birth weight infants]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:282-288. [PMID: 31983650 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The characteristics of catch-up growth in very low birth weight infants (VLBW) have not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to analyse the height catch-up and some associated factors in a cohort of VLBW (birth weight<1,500g) from birth to age 14 years. METHODS We obtained retrospective data on weight and height at birth and ages one, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years in a cohort of 170 VLBW. We compared these anthropometric values with those documented in a control group. RESULTS Thirty-seven children (21.8%) were born with an extremely low birth weight and 32 (18.8%) extremely preterm. At 10 years of age, 7% of VLBW (1,000-1,500g) and 35% of extremely low birth weight (<1,500g) children had short stature (P=.001). Almost all VLBW children who had a normal height at ages 2, 4 and 10 years had exhibited adequate weight catch-up in previous evaluations. We found that extremely low birth weight and extremely preterm were independent predictors for inadequate height catch-up. CONCLUSION The growth pattern of VLBW children has specific characteristics. The catch-up in weight seems to be an important factor for catch-up in height, and therefore a thorough nutritional follow-up is recommended in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Durá-Travé
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Servicio de Pediatría, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España.
| | | | | | - María Jesús Chueca Guindulain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Sara Berrade-Zubiri
- Servicio de Pediatría, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
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26
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Vereen RJ, Dobson NR, Olsen CH, Raiciulescu S, Kuehn D, Stokes TA, Hunt CE. Longitudinal growth changes from birth to 8-9 years in preterm and full term births. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2020; 13:223-230. [PMID: 31796687 DOI: 10.3233/npm-190219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the effect of age at adiposity rebound (AR) and changes in growth between birth and 6 months on growth status at 8-9 years in children born term and preterm. Age at AR is inversely correlated with risk for later obesity in children born full term, but has not been analyzed in children born preterm. METHODS Birth anthropometrics, and weight and length/height data from age 6 months through 8-9 years were recorded for 175 children born in 2008 in the military health system. Calculated variables include body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), Z-scores, and age at AR. RESULTS Age at AR could be calculated for 150 children (32% preterm); average age was 5.4 years and 5.3 years for children born term and preterm, respectively (NS). For children born term and preterm, there was a significant correlation between younger age at AR and higher BMI Z-score at 8-9 years (r = - 0.685), and a direct relationship between weight Z-score change from birth to 6 months and weight Z-scores at 8-9 years (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Younger age at AR correlates with higher BMI Z-score at 8-9 years in children born both term and preterm. Weight gain from birth to 6 months correlates with weight Z-score at 8-9 years. These results emphasize the importance of younger age at AR in addition to greater early weight gain as an indicator of later obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheda J Vereen
- National Capital Consortium Pediatrics Residency (Walter Reed National Military Medical Center), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole R Dobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sorana Raiciulescu
- Department Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devon Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Theophil A Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carl E Hunt
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Cheong JLY, Wark JD, Cheung MM, Irving L, Burnett AC, Lee KJ, Garland SM, Smallwood D, Patton GC, Haikerwal A, Doyle LW. Impact of extreme prematurity or extreme low birth weight on young adult health and well-being: the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study (VICS) 1991-1992 Longitudinal Cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030345. [PMID: 31072865 PMCID: PMC6527969 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infants born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks' gestation) or with extremely low birth weight (ELBW,<1000 g) in the era when surfactant has been available clinically are at high risk of health and developmental problems in childhood and adolescence. However, how their health and well-being may be affected in adulthood is not well known. This study aims to compare between EP/ELBW and normal birthweight (NBW) controls: (1) physical health, mental health and socioemotional functioning at 25 years of age and (2) trajectories of these outcomes from childhood to adulthood. In addition, this study aims to identify risk factors in pregnancy, infancy, childhood and adolescence for poor physical health and well-being in EP/ELBW young adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Victorian Infant Collaborative Study (VICS) is a prospective geographical cohort of all EP/ELBW survivors to 18 years of age born in the State of Victoria, Australia, from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1992 (n=297) and contemporaneous term-born/NBW controls (n=262). Participants were recruited at birth and followed up at 2, 5, 8 and 18 years. This 25-year follow-up includes assessments of physical health (cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal), mental health and socioemotional functioning. Outcomes will be compared between the birth groups using linear and logistic regression, fitted using generalised estimating equations (GEEs). Trajectories of health outcomes from early childhood will be compared between the birth groups using linear mixed-effects models. Risk factors for adult outcomes will be assessed using linear and logistic regression (fitted using GEEs). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of the Royal Women's Hospital, Mercy Hospital for Women, Monash Medical Centre and the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Study outcomes will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications, the internet and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael M Cheung
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice C Burnett
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine J Lee
- Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Smallwood
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anjali Haikerwal
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Davallow Ghajar L, DeBoer MD. Environmental and birth characteristics as predictors of short stature in early childhood. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:954-960. [PMID: 30326155 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate for environmental and birth characteristic predictors of short stature in a large nationally representative sample. METHODS We evaluated 10 127 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 cohort, using univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with short stature (height <3rd percentile) at kindergarten through second grade. Predictors included birthweight, preterm status, sex, parental education, parental income and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Lower birthweight was associated with short stature, with each decreasing kilogram having a 2.45 adjusted odds ratio (aOR; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81, 3.33) of short stature for term children in second grade. Preterm children (compared to term children) had an aOR of 2.23 (CI 1.32, 3.78) for short stature. Other predictors of short stature included female sex and lower parental income. African American children had a lower risk of short stature (aOR 0.34, CI 0.14, 0.82) compared to white children. CONCLUSION Predictors of short stature include lower birthweight, preterm status, female sex and parental income. Socio-economic disparities and race/ethnicity further influenced height. These data may assist paediatricians in considering contributors to stature outcomes by early school age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D. DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
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Postnatal growth in preterm infants during the first year of life: A population-based cohort study in China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213762. [PMID: 30973951 PMCID: PMC6459511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In preterm infants (i.e. the gestational age less than 37 weeks), postnatal growth remains a concern. This study used multicenter longitudinal data from China's Under 5 Child Nutrition and Health Surveillance System to investigate the postnatal growth in the weight and length of preterm infants. Gender-stratified differences in weight and length were assessed between preterm and term infants. 1221 preterm infants and 1221 matched term infants were included. The rates of growth in weight and length in preterm infants was greater than those in term infants, especially from the first to sixth month. The rates were higher in males compared to females in the first 3 months. The differences of weight and length between preterm and term infants decreased with increasing age, however, these measurements did not reach the level of their term peers until 12 months before adjusting for gestational age. The median values of weight and length were even larger in preterm infants in the first month after adjusting for gestational age.
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Darlow BA, Martin J, Horwood LJ. Metabolic Syndrome in Very Low Birth Weight Young Adults and Controls: The New Zealand 1986 VLBW Study. J Pediatr 2019; 206:128-133.e5. [PMID: 30545563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the physical well-being and components of the metabolic syndrome in a national cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) young adults and same age controls. STUDY DESIGN The New Zealand VLBW Study cohort prospectively included all infants with birth weight <1500 g born in 1986, with 338 (82%) surviving to discharge home. Height and weight were measured at age 7-8 years. The VLBW cohort (n = 229; 71% alive) and term-born controls (n = 100) aged 27-29 years were clinically assessed in a single center over 2 days, including assessment for components of the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Compared with controls, both male and female VLBW adults were significantly shorter (P < .001), but only females were lighter (P < .001) and had lower mean body mass index (P = .044), fat mass, and body fat percentage. Males, but not females, had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (P = .028), but there were no significant differences in other components of the metabolic syndrome. There was no difference in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in VLBW adults compared with controls (males, 22.2% vs 11.1%; P = .15: females, 12.8% vs 13.1%; P = .95). Examining the VLBW cohort with logistic regression, male sex, gestational age <28 weeks, Māori/Pacific Island ethnicity, and body mass index >90th percentile at age 7-8 years were significant predictors for the metabolic syndrome at age 27-29 years, with ORs of 2-4. CONCLUSIONS Systolic blood pressure in males was the only component of the metabolic syndrome that was significantly elevated in VLBW adults compared with controls. Extreme prematurity (<28 weeks) and body mass index >90th percentile at age 7-8 years were significant predictors of the metabolic syndrome at age 27-29 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at the Australian Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12612000995875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Julia Martin
- Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Doyle LW, Cheong JLY, Ranganathan S. Correcting standardized expiratory flows for prematurity in ex-preterm survivors-Is it necessary? Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:205-211. [PMID: 30589236 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of correcting for prematurity on standardized values for expiratory flow rates for participants from 5 years through to 70 years of age. METHODS In a theoretical model we assumed starting values for expiratory flows that were expected to give ranges within ±2 SD. Keeping expiratory flows, ethnicity and height constant, we then determined how z scores varied between 5 and 16.9 years, and, with two different fixed values for height and expiratory flows, between 16 and 70 years of ages, for both sexes. In a clinical example, we compared expiratory flows with age both corrected and uncorrected for prematurity between 144 survivors born extremely preterm and 141 term-born controls at both 8 and 18 years of age. RESULTS In the theoretical models, z scores mostly declined through childhood until the late teenage years, and then began to rise through later life. The maximum difference in z-scores between corrected and uncorrected scores for a participant born 4 months' preterm would occur in the early teenage years, and for the forced vital capacity would be approximately -0.09 SD wider. In the clinical example not correcting for prematurity resulted in a maximum gap between preterm and term cohorts 0.06 SD wider for the forced vital capacity at 8 years than if age was corrected for prematurity. CONCLUSIONS Correction for prematurity is not necessary in clinical practice, and is probably not required for research in studies of respiratory airflow through childhood or adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex W Doyle
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Earlier achievement of full enteral feeding in extremely low birth weight neonates is not associated with growth improvement in the first 2 years of life. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1247-1254. [PMID: 29850934 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Limiting the number of days until achievement of full enteral feeding in extremely low birth weight neonates (ELBW; < 1000 g) might affect growth in the first years of life. This study compared the Z scores in growth over time of two cohorts of ELBW neonates that were comparable on maternal and neonatal characteristics and characteristics of hospitalization, but differed in enteral feeding strategy during neonatal admission. In the 2010-2014 cohort, full enteral feeding was achieved on average 16 days earlier than in the 2000-2005 cohort. In both cohorts, weight, height, and head circumference were recorded at birth and at the corrected ages of 9 and 24 months. A linear mixed model with repeated measures controlling for neonates small for gestational age showed no significant effect of different strategies in achievement of full enteral feeding on any anthropometric Z scores over time. Although full enteral feeding was achieved earlier in the 2010-2014 cohort, this was not associated with growth patterns during the first two years of life. CONCLUSION The effect of a change in strategy to achieve full enteral feeding at an earlier stage in ELBW neonates was assessed. Early enteral feeding strategies do not necessarily improve growth during the first two years of life. What is Known: • Feeding strategies during neonatal stay may affect growth in the first years of life. • Strategies to achieve full enteral feeding earlier were implemented, but data on the impact on subsequent growth after discharge are limited. What is New: • Full enteral feeding was achieved earlier, but this was not associated with improved growth during the first 2 years of life after discharge. • Early enteral feeding strategies do not necessarily improve growth during the first 2 years of life.
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Relationship between Epigenetic Maturity and Respiratory Morbidity in Preterm Infants. J Pediatr 2018; 198:168-173.e2. [PMID: 29705119 PMCID: PMC6261285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations between epigenetic maturity of extremely preterm babies (born at less than 28 weeks of gestation), neonatal interventions, and respiratory outcomes, including the administration of surfactant and postnatal corticosteroids, duration of assisted ventilation, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). STUDY DESIGN DNA was extracted from neonatal blood spots collected after birth from 143 extremely preterm infants born 1991-1992 in Victoria, Australia and used to determined DNA methylation (DNAm). A DNAm based gestational age was determined using our previously published method. The residual of DNAm gestational age and clinically estimated gestational age (referred to as "gestational age acceleration") was used as a measure to assess developmental maturity. Associations between gestational age acceleration and respiratory interventions and morbidities were determined. RESULTS Infants with higher gestational age acceleration were less likely to receive surfactant (P = .009) or postnatal corticosteroids (P = .008), had fewer days of assisted ventilation (P = .01), and had less BPD (P = .02). Respiratory measures are known to correlate with gestational age; however, models comparing each with clinically estimated gestational age were improved by the addition of the gestational age acceleration measure in the model. CONCLUSIONS Gestational age acceleration correlates with respiratory interventions and outcomes of extremely preterm babies. Surfactant and postnatal corticosteroid use, assisted ventilation days, and BPD rates were all lower in babies who were epigenetically more mature than their obstetrically estimated gestational age. This suggests that gestational age acceleration is a clinically relevant metric of developmental maturity.
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Maternal obesity: a serious pediatric health crisis. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:1087-1089. [PMID: 29584713 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2018.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mrocki MM, Nguyen VB, Lombardo P, Sutherland MR, Bensley JG, Nitsos I, Allison BJ, Harding R, De Matteo R, Schneider M, Polglase GR, Black MJ. Moderate preterm birth affects right ventricular structure and function and pulmonary artery blood flow in adult sheep. J Physiol 2018; 596:5965-5975. [PMID: 29508407 DOI: 10.1113/jp275654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Preterm birth occurs when the heart muscle is immature and ill-prepared for the changes in heart and lung function at birth. MRI imaging studies show differences in the growth and function of the heart of young adults born preterm, with the effects more pronounced in the right ventricle. The findings of this study, conducted in sheep, showed that following moderate preterm birth the right ventricular wall was thinner in adulthood, with a reduction in the number and size of the heart muscle cells; in addition, there was impaired blood flow in the main artery leading from the right ventricle to the lungs. The findings indicate that being born only a few weeks early adversely affects the cellular structure of the right ventricle and blood flow to the lungs in adulthood. The reduced number of heart muscle cells has the potential to deleteriously affect right ventricular growth potential and function. ABSTRACT Preterm birth prematurely exposes the immature heart to the haemodynamic transition at birth, which has the potential to induce abnormal cardiac remodelling. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in young adults born preterm have shown abnormalities in the gross structure of the ventricles (particularly the right ventricle; RV), but the cellular basis of these alterations is unknown. The aim of this study, conducted in sheep, was to determine the effect of moderate preterm birth on RV cellular structure and function in early adulthood. Male singleton lambs were delivered moderately preterm (132 ± 1 days; n = 7) or at term (147 ± 1 days; n = 7). At 14.5 months of age, intra-arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Pulmonary artery diameter and peak systolic blood flow were determined using ultrasound imaging, and RV stroke volume and output calculated. Cardiomyocyte number, size, nuclearity and levels of cardiac fibrosis were subsequently assessed in perfusion-fixed hearts using image analysis and stereological methods. Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), heart rate, levels of myocardial fibrosis and RV stroke volume and output were not different between groups. There was, however, a significant reduction in RV wall thickness in preterm sheep, and this was accompanied by a significant reduction in peak systolic blood flow in the pulmonary artery and in RV cardiomyocyte number. Cellular changes in the RV wall and reduced pulmonary artery blood flow following preterm birth have the potential to adversely affect cardiac and respiratory haemodynamics, especially when the cardiovascular system is physiologically or pathologically challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall M Mrocki
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivian B Nguyen
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Lombardo
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan R Sutherland
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Bensley
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Harding
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert De Matteo
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michal Schneider
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Jane Black
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Doyle LW. Outcomes into Adulthood of Survivors Born Either Extremely Low Birthweight or Extremely Preterm. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2018.25.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lex W Doyle
- Research Office, Royal Women's Hospital, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Boguszewski MCDS, Cardoso-Demartini ADA. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Growth and growth hormone therapy in short children born preterm. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R111-R122. [PMID: 27803030 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm across the world every year, with less than 37 completed weeks of gestation. Survival rates increased during the last decades with the improvement of neonatal care. With premature birth, babies are deprived of the intense intrauterine growth phase, and postnatal growth failure might occur. Some children born prematurely will remain short at later ages and adult life. The risk of short stature increases if the child is also born small for gestational age. In this review, the effects of being born preterm on childhood growth and adult height and the hormonal abnormalities possibly associated with growth restriction are discussed, followed by a review of current information on growth hormone treatment for those who remain with short stature during infancy and childhood.
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Derraik JGB, Lundgren M, Cutfield WS, Ahlsson F. Association Between Preterm Birth and Lower Adult Height in Women. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:48-53. [PMID: 27941067 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether being born preterm was associated with changes in adult anthropometry in women. We assessed data on 201,382 women (born in 1973-1988) from the Swedish Birth Register. The mean age was 26.0 years. Of the women in our cohort, 663 were born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation), 8,247 were born moderately preterm (at least 32 weeks but <37 weeks), and 192,472 were born at term (37-41 weeks). Subgroup analyses were carried out among siblings and also after adjustment for maternal anthropometric data. Statistical tests were 2-sided. Decreasing gestational age was associated with lower height (-1.1 mm per week of gestation; P < 0.0001), so that women who were born very preterm were on average 12 mm shorter than women who were born moderately preterm (P < 0.0001) and 17 mm shorter than women born at term (P < 0.0001). Compared with women who were born at term, those who were born very preterm had 2.9 times higher odds of short stature (<155.4 cm), and those born moderately preterm had 1.43 times higher odds. Subgroup analyses showed no differences between women born moderately preterm and those born at term but accentuated differences from women born very preterm. Among siblings (n = 2,388), very preterm women were 23 mm shorter than those born at term (P = 0.003), with a 20-mm difference observed in subgroup analyses (n = 27,395) that were adjusted for maternal stature (P < 0.001). A shorter final height was associated with decreasing gestational age, and this association was particularly marked in women born very preterm.
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Nguyen VB, De Matteo R, Harding R, Stefanidis A, Polglase GR, Black MJ. Experimentally Induced Preterm Birth in Sheep Following a Clinical Course of Antenatal Betamethasone: Effects on Growth and Long-Term Survival. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:1203-1213. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116681514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian B. Nguyen
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert De Matteo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Harding
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aneta Stefanidis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Jane Black
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Growth, metabolic markers, and cognition in 8-year old children born prematurely, follow-up of a randomized controlled trial with essential fatty acids. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:1165-1174. [PMID: 27502791 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study is a follow-up of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) to 129 very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight <1500 g) infants fed human milk. The main hypothesis was that supplementation would affect growth, metabolic markers, and cognitive function. The secondary aim was to describe predictors of metabolic markers and cognitive status at follow-up. Ninety-eight children met for 8-year follow-up with anthropometric measures, blood biomarkers, and cognitive testing. The intervention group had significantly lower insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at 8 years, whereas no differences in growth or intelligence quotient (IQ) were found. For the total cohort, weight gain during first year of life was neither associated with BMI, metabolic markers, nor IQ at follow-up. Blood DHA at 8 years was positively associated with IQ. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial with essential fatty acids investigating growth, metabolic factors, and IQ. IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in the intervention group at 8 years. First-year growth was not associated with BMI, metabolic markers, or IQ at follow-up. Current DHA status was a significant predictor of higher IQ at follow-up. WHAT IS KNOWN • Preterm children have increased risk of lower intelligence quotient (IQ), reduced growth, and abnormal metabolic status. • Early intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), as well as early growth pattern, may influence both IQ and metabolic status. What is New: • Early intervention with DHA and AA led to reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 in blood at 8 years of age. • Weight gain during first year of life was neither associated with impaired metabolic markers nor improved IQ at follow-up. • Current DHA status was a significant predictor of higher IQ at 8 years, also when maternal education and birth weight were included in the model.
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Do We Need to Correct Age for Prematurity When Assessing Children? J Pediatr 2016; 173:11-2. [PMID: 27059914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao Z, Ding M, Hu Z, Dai Q, Satija A, Zhou A, Xu Y, Zhang X, Hu FB, Xu H. Trajectories of length, weight, and bone mineral density among preterm infants during the first 12 months of corrected age in China. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:91. [PMID: 26242232 PMCID: PMC4526172 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited evidence has been provided on the trajectories of length, weight, and bone mineral density (BMD) among preterm infants in early life in Asian countries. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study, which included 652 late preterm (gestational age: 34–36.9 weeks), 486 moderate preterm (32–33.9), 291 very preterm (28–31.9), 149 extremely preterm infants (≤28.9) and 1434 full-term peers (≥37) during the first 12 months of corrected age in Wuhan, China. Weight and length were measured at birth, once randomly before term, and every month thereafter. BMD was examined at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results From birth to 12 months of corrected age, growth peaks in length and weight were observed at 1–3 months among preterm infants. No catch-up growth in length, weight, and BMD was observed among preterm infants. However, accelerated growth in length, weight, and BMD was found. Among extremely preterm infants, relative to full-term infants, length was −6.77 cm (95 % CI: −7.14, −6.40; P for trend < 0.001) lower during the first 12 months; weight was −1.23 kg (−1.33, −1.13; P for trend < 0.001) lower; and BMD was −0.070 g/cm2(−0.087, −0.053; P for trend < 0.001) lower; however, average growth rates of these measures were higher (Ps < 0.05). Small gestational age and low birth weight were independently associated with lower length, weight, and BMD. Conclusion Growth peaks in length and weight among preterm infants were observed at 1–3 months. No catch-up growth in length, weight, and BMD was observed, however, there was accelerated growth in length, weight, and BMD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0396-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Zubin Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Qiong Dai
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Ambika Satija
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Aiqin Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yusong Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Haiqing Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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White-Traut RC, Rankin KM, Yoder JC, Liu L, Vasa R, Geraldo V, Norr KF. Influence of H-HOPE intervention for premature infants on growth, feeding progression and length of stay during initial hospitalization. J Perinatol 2015; 35:636-41. [PMID: 25742287 PMCID: PMC4520757 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether premature infants receiving the maternally administered H-HOPE (Hospital to Home Transition-Optimizing Premature Infant's Environment) intervention had more rapid weight gain and growth, improved feeding progression and reduced length of hospital stay, compared with controls. STUDY DESIGN Premature infants born at 29-34 weeks gestational age and their mothers with at least two social-environmental risk factors were randomly assigned to H-HOPE intervention (n=88) or an attention control (n=94) groups. H-HOPE consists of a 15-min multisensory intervention (Auditory, Tactile, Visual and Vestibular stimuli) performed twice daily prior to feeding plus maternal participatory guidance on preterm infant behavioral cues. RESULT H-HOPE group infants gained weight more rapidly over time than infants in the control group and grew in length more rapidly than control infants, especially during the latter part of the hospital stay. CONCLUSION For healthy preterm infants, the H-HOPE intervention appears to improve weight gain and length over time from birth to hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C White-Traut
- 1] Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA [2] Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - K M Rankin
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J C Yoder
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Liu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Vasa
- 1] Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - V Geraldo
- Sinai Children's Hospital Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K F Norr
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Human active X-specific DNA methylation events showing stability across time and tissues. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1376-81. [PMID: 24713664 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of X chromosome inactivation in female mammals is well characterised and remains the archetypal example of dosage compensation via monoallelic expression. The temporal series of events that culminates in inactive X-specific gene silencing by DNA methylation has revealed a 'patchwork' of gene inactivation along the chromosome, with approximately 15% of genes escaping. Such genes are therefore potentially subject to sex-specific imbalance between males and females. Aside from XIST, the non-coding RNA on the X chromosome destined to be inactivated, very little is known about the extent of loci that may be selectively silenced on the active X chromosome (Xa). Using longitudinal array-based DNA methylation profiling of two human tissues, we have identified specific and widespread active X-specific DNA methylation showing stability over time and across tissues of disparate origin. Our panel of X-chromosome loci subject to methylation on Xa reflects a potentially novel mechanism for controlling female-specific X inactivation and sex-specific dimorphisms in humans. Further work is needed to investigate these phenomena.
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Roberts G, Cheong JLY. Long-term growth and general health for the tiniest or most immature infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 19:118-24. [PMID: 24289903 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Given the improving survival rates of extremely preterm (EP, gestational age <28 weeks) infants, there is a need to understand their general growth and health outcomes not only in childhood, but also into adulthood. EP children are shorter and lighter compared with term children at term-equivalent age; with time, the weight disadvantage diminishes but the height disadvantage remains relatively unchanged. EP children and young adults also have higher rates of reported health concerns, medical conditions and visual impairment. Hospital readmissions are higher in early childhood, mostly attributed to respiratory illness. Individuals born EP have reduced bone health and are at increased risk for metabolic disorders. Increased rates of conditions such as diabetes or pathological fractures are not reported in the literature, although follow-up studies so far have only tracked EP individuals into young adulthood. Consequently, health care utilization and costs are increased in EP children and young adults. A thorough knowledge of the health risks related to EP birth is essential in planning surveillance and intervention strategies to optimize their health and wellbeing. Despite the increased risk of health problems, EP young adults generally report their quality of life to be similar to that reported in their term counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Roberts
- Premature Infant Follow-up Program at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Premature Infant Follow-up Program at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Higher ambulatory blood pressure at 18 years in adolescents born less than 28 weeks’ gestation in the 1990s compared with term controls. J Hypertens 2014; 32:620-6. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu WP, Lu MS, Li ZH, Zhang CX. Effects of multimicronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on postnatal growth of children under 5 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88496. [PMID: 24586335 PMCID: PMC3930526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effect of antenatal multiple micronutrients supplementation on infant birth outcomes has been proposed by previous meta-analyses. However, their benefits on postnatal health of children have not been summarized. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal multimicronutrient supplementation on postnatal growth of children under 5 years of age. Methods We searched both published and ongoing trials through the PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL (OVID platform), Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, Chinese Science Citation Database, Scopus, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Biomedical Database, and WANFANG database for randomized controlled trials. Reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews were also reviewed for eligible studies. Standard mean difference (SMD) was employed as the index for continuous variables by using fixed effects models. Trend analysis by visual inspection was applied to evaluate the change of mean difference of weight and height between the groups over time. Results Nine trials (12 titles) from nine different countries were retrieved for analysis. Pooled results showed that antenatal multimicronutrient supplementation increased child head circumference (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.00–0.15) compared with supplementation with two micronutrient or less. No evidence was found for the benefits of antenatal multimicronutrient supplementation on weight (P = 0.11), height (P = 0.66), weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) (P = 0.34), height-for-age z scores (HAZ) (P = 0.81) and weight-for-height z scores (WHZ) (P = 0.22). A positive effect was found on chest circumference based on two included studies. Conclusions Antenatal multimicronutrient supplementation has a significant positive effect on head circumference of children under 5 years. No impact of the supplementation was found on weight, height, WAZ, HAZ and WHZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-Shan Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Hua Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Leppänen M, Lapinleimu H, Lind A, Matomäki J, Lehtonen L, Haataja L, Rautava P. Antenatal and postnatal growth and 5-year cognitive outcome in very preterm infants. Pediatrics 2014; 133:63-70. [PMID: 24344103 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study how antenatal growth affects cognitive outcome in very preterm infants and to determine whether there is an association between growth in any particular time period between birth and 5 years of age and cognitive outcome. Small for gestational age (SGA) and non-SGA infants were analyzed separately, because antenatal growth may affect postnatal growth. METHODS Very low birth weight (<1501 g) infants born between 2001 and 2006 and infants born at <32 gestational weeks between 2004 and 2006 who were treated at Turku University Hospital (n = 181) were followed. Weight, length, and head circumference (HC) of the infants were measured at 9 time points between birth and 5 years. The growth was determined as a z score change between measurement points. Cognitive development was assessed at 5 years of age with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence-Revised. The association between growth and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was studied. RESULTS Growth in length and height was not associated with 5-year cognitive outcome. However, weight (r = 0.18, P = .04) and HC growth (r = 0.25, P = .01) between birth and 2 years of corrected age correlated to FSIQ in non-SGA children. In SGA children, HC growth (r = 0.33, P = .03) around term age correlated to FSIQ. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive outcome was similar in SGA and non-SGA very preterm infants. Growth affected cognition positively in both subgroups, but the critical time period was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Leppänen
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PO Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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