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Laroche HH, Andino J, O'Shea AMJ, Engebretsen B, Rice S, DeJear M, Nicholson C, Yeh HW, Snetselaar L. Family-Based Motivational Interviewing and Resource Mobilization to Prevent Obesity: Living Well Together Trial. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:631-642. [PMID: 38904597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2024.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test an obesity intervention for families with low incomes. METHODS A total of 208 families were included (a parent with a body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 and a child aged 6-12 years). A 12-month randomized controlled trial combining family health coaching (motivational interviewing) and connection to community resources. Comparison group: referrals for basic needs, written educational materials. Questionnaires, accelerometry, and anthropometrics. Intention-to-treat analysis of change in outcomes. Two-sided t test with multiple imputation. RESULTS Parents were 95% female, 31% Black, and 27% Hispanic. Children had a mean BMI-Z score of 1.15. Primary outcomes did not differ between groups at 12 months. Both groups significantly (P < 0.05) improved on the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Scale for behaviors related to childhood obesity (mean ± SE: comparison, 2.8 ± 1.0; intervention, 2.2 ± 0.9), increased child sedentary activity (comparison, 32.5 ± 12.1; intervention, 39.9 ± 12.4 min/d), and decreased child moderate-vigorous physical activity (comparison, -9.6 ± 3.3; intervention -7.0 ± 3.0 min/d). Parents had no change in BMI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We successfully embedded screening and referral to address social needs within an obesity intervention. The coaching intervention did not provide additional benefits. Future research could explore ways to make these interventions more accessible, valuable, and effective for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Laroche
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
| | - Jessica Andino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Amy M J O'Shea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Center for Comprehensive Access & Delivery Research & Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Sarai Rice
- Des Moines Area Religious Council, Des Moines, IA
| | | | | | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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2
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Lan H, Hu Z, Gan H, Wu L, Xie S, Jiang Y, Ye D, Ye X. Association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and pubertal timing in boys and girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115540. [PMID: 37801753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the risk factors contributing to this phenomenon, but the relationship between them is unclear based on current evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of POPs exposure with pubertal timing in girls and boys by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies before June 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio (PR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 21 studies were included, involving 2479 boys and 8718 girls. The results of meta-analysis showed that exposure to POPs was significantly associated with delayed pubertal timing in girls (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.79-0.91; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between exposure to POPs and pubertal timing in boys (RR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.40; p = 0.070). Subgroup analysis showed that there may be gender differences in the effects of exposure to POPs on pubertal timing. Our results suggested that exposure to POPs could delay pubertal timing in girls. However, based on current evidence, no significant association was found between POPs exposure and pubertal timing in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shushu Xie
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ding Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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3
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Kochman M, Brzuszek M, Jabłoński M. Changes in Metabolic Health and Sedentary Behavior in Obese Children and Adolescents. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5456. [PMID: 37685523 PMCID: PMC10487512 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming more common among children and adolescents. As in adults, obesity in the pediatric population is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and diseases. In the related literature, little attention has been devoted to evaluating how metabolic health and sedentary behavior change in the obese pediatric population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess changes in metabolic health and sedentary behavior in obese children aged 7-12 and adolescents aged 13-17. For this single-center hospital-based prospective observational study, we included 202 Polish children and adolescents aged 7-17 years. We performed blood pressure measurements and collected blood samples to assess metabolic health markers. Based on the performed measurements, we also calculated additional indexes and ratios: BMI, WHtR, ABSI, VAI, and HOMA-IR. The analysis of the results showed clear and significant differences between the study groups. The older boys and girls were identified with higher values of anthropometric ratios, blood pressure, time spent sitting, and lower HDL cholesterol values (p < 0.05). The analysis also revealed a strong-to-moderate correlation between age and anthropometric ratios, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and sitting time (p < 0.05). Obese children and adolescents included in this study represent poor metabolic health and are at great risk of developing other metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or metabolic syndrome. This risk increases with age; therefore, a number of preventive and therapeutic actions should be taken in overweight and obese children and adolescents to avoid further metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kochman
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Marszałkowska 24, 35-215 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marta Brzuszek
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Chair of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Association between Food, Beverages and Overweight/Obesity in Children and Adolescents-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030764. [PMID: 36771470 PMCID: PMC9920526 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview of the literature investigaating associations between food and beverages and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in order to identify dietary risk factors. A systematic search was performed in four databases and observational studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Sixty records met inclusion criteria and 14 different food or beverage categories were identified. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.20 (p < 0.05) (n = 26) and higher intake of fast food increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.17 (p < 0.05) (n = 24). Furthermore, higher intake of meat (OR 1.02, p < 0.05 (n:7)) and refined grains (OR 1.28, p < 0.05 (n:3)) was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. In contrast, higher intake of whole grain (OR 0.86, p = 0.04 (n:5)) and more surprisingly sweet bakery (OR 0.59, p < 0.05 (n:3)) was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and a higher intake of fast food was identified as the primary dietary risk factors for overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to strengthen the generalizability of these results.
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Gontijo de Castro T, Gerritsen S, Santos LP, Marchioni DML, Morton SMB, Wall C. Child feeding indexes measuring adherence to New Zealand nutrition guidelines: Development and assessment. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13402. [PMID: 35851558 PMCID: PMC9480915 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand (NZ) lacks nationally representative or generalisable information on the dietary intakes of pre‐schoolers. We used Growing Up in New Zealand cohort data to i) develop child feeding indexes (CFIs) based on National Food and Nutrition Guidelines for 2‐ and 4.5‐year‐olds; ii) describe the cohort adherence to the guidelines at 2 (n = 6046) and 4.5 years (n = 5889) and; iii) assess the CFIs’ convergent construct validity, by exploring associations with maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours and with child body mass index for age (BMI/age) and the waist‐to‐height ratio at 4.5 years. The CFIs scores ranged from 0 to 11, with 11 representing full adherence to the guidelines. Associations were tested using multiple linear regressions and Poisson regressions with robust variance (risk ratios [RR], 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI). The CFIs mean scores (SD) at 2 and 4.5 years were, respectively, 6.13 (1.21) and 6.22 (1.26) points. Maternal characteristics explained, respectively, 27.2% and 31.9% of the variation in the CFIs scores at 2 and 4.5 years. In the adjusted model at the 4.5‐year interview, in relation to girls ranked in the 5th quintile, those in the 2nd (RR, 95% CI: 1.48; 1.03; 1.24) and 4th (1.53; 1.05; 2.23) quintiles of the CFI were more likely to have BMI/age > +2z (World Health Organization growth standards) at 4.5 years. At 2 and 4.5 years, most children fell short of meeting national guidelines. The associations between the CFIs scores at both time points with maternal characteristics and with children's body size at 4.5 years were in the expected directions, confirming the CFIs’ convergent construct validity among NZ pre‐schoolers. Data from a nationally generalisable New Zealand birth cohort was used to i) develop child feeding indexes (CFIs) for 2 and 4.5‐year‐olds based on National Food and Nutrition Guidelines (NFNG); ii) describe the cohort's adherence to the NFNG; and iii) assess the CFIs' construct validity. There was low adherence to the overall NFNG at 2 and 4.5 years and adherence was predicted by inequalities in maternal sociodemographics and health behaviours. In unadjusted regressions, children ranked in the 2nd–4th quintiles of the CFIs, in relation to those ranked in the highest quintiles (5th), were more likely to have higher body size and adiposity at 4.5 years. In adjusted model, girls with lower adherence to the NFNG at 4.5 years were more likely to have BMI/age > +2z at 4.5 years. Associations between CFIs scores with maternal characteristics and child adiposity were in the expected directions, confirming the indexes' construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gontijo de Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sarah Gerritsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Dirce M. L. Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health University of Sao Paulo São Paul Brazil
| | - Susan M. B. Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Clare Wall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Babio N, Becerra-Tomás N, Nishi SK, López-González L, Paz-Graniel I, García-Gavilán J, Schröder H, Martín-Calvo N, Salas-Salvadó J. Total dairy consumption in relation to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13400. [PMID: 34881504 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies was conducted to assess the associations between total dairy consumption and its different subtypes with the prevalence and incidence of overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. A literature search was conducted in Medline through PUBMED and Cochrane Library databases until October 18, 2021. Articles reporting the risk estimates as odd ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), or hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between dairy product consumption and the risk of overweight and/or obesity were included. In the meta-analysis from cross-sectional studies, results showed an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity prevalence (OR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.48-0.91). No significant associations were found between milk or yogurt and obesity prevalence risk. Regarding prospective studies, total milk consumption was positively associated with overweight prevalence (OR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.01-1.26)) and incidence (RR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.01-1.35)) risk. Evidence from pooled analysis of cross-sectional studies suggested an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity. However, there is limited and no conclusive evidence to confirm an inverse relationship from pooled analysis of prospective studies in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie K Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leyre López-González
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM. Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Goulding M, Goldberg R, Lemon SC. Differences in Blood Pressure Levels Among Children by Sociodemographic Status. Prev Chronic Dis 2021; 18:E88. [PMID: 34529555 PMCID: PMC8462283 DOI: 10.5888/pcd18.210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated its blood pressure (BP) screening guidelines in 2017 to emphasize body weight as a risk factor. We provide contemporary, nationally representative estimates of prevalence of elevated and hypertensive BP among US children and examine sociodemographic prevalence differences, accounting for the influence of weight. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from children aged 8 to 17 years (N = 5,971; weighted N = 36,612,323) collected from 2011 through 2018 in 4 biennial cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Children's BP was categorized as normal, elevated, or hypertensive. Sociodemographic characteristics included were sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and education. Log binomial regression, with and without adjustment for weight (dichotomized at the 85th body mass index percentile), determined prevalence estimates and differences for elevated and hypertensive BPs with 95% CIs. RESULTS In NHANES data collected from 2011 through 2018, 7.2% (95% CI, 6.3%-8.3%) of US children had elevated BP, and 3.8% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.5%) had hypertensive BP according to 2017 AAP guidelines. Differences in prevalence of weight-adjusted elevated BP indicated higher prevalence among children aged 16 to 17 years compared with children aged 8 to 9 years (prevalence difference, +6.3%; 95% CI, 3.2%-9.4%), among males compared with females (+4.6%; 95% CI, 2.7%-6.4%), and among non-Latino Black children compared with non-Latino White children (+4.0%; 95% CI, 2.2%-5.8%). Crude hypertensive BP prevalence was highest among children aged 8 to 9 years, male children, and Mexican American children. The only difference remaining after weight adjustment was among children aged 8 to 9 years and 13 to 15 years. CONCLUSION Elevated BP was most prevalent among US children who were older, male, or non-Latino Black. Factors beyond inequalities in body weight may contribute to disparities in elevated BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Goulding
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605.
| | - Robert Goldberg
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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An index measuring adherence to New Zealand Infant Feeding Guidelines has convergent validity with maternal socio-demographic and health behaviours and with children's body size. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1073-1085. [PMID: 34212833 PMCID: PMC8924492 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using data from a nationally generalisable birth cohort, we aimed to: (i) describe the cohort’s adherence to national evidence-based dietary guidelines using an Infant Feeding Index (IFI) and (ii) assess the IFI’s convergent construct validity, by exploring associations with antenatal maternal socio-demographic and health behaviours and with child overweight/obesity and central adiposity at age 54 months. Data were from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort (n 6343). The IFI scores ranged from zero to twelve points, with twelve representing full adherence to the guidelines. Overweight/obesity was defined by BMI-for-age (based on the WHO Growth Standards). Central adiposity was defined as waist-to-height ratio > 90th percentile. Associations were tested using multiple linear regression and Poisson regression with robust variance (risk ratios, 95 % CI). Mean IFI score was 8·2 (sd 2·1). Maternal characteristics explained 29·1 % of variation in the IFI score. Maternal age, education and smoking had the strongest independent relationships with IFI scores. Compared with children in the highest IFI tertile, girls in the lowest and middle tertiles were more likely to be overweight/obese (1·46, 1·03, 2·06 and 1·56, 1·09, 2·23, respectively) and boys in the lowest tertile were more likely to have central adiposity (1·53, 1·02, 2·30) at age 54 months. Most infants fell short of meeting national Infant Feeding Guidelines. The associations between IFI score and maternal characteristics, and children’s overweight/obesity/central adiposity, were in the expected directions and confirm the IFI’s convergent construct validity.
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Effects of Nutrition, and Physical Activity Habits and Perceptions on Body Mass Index (BMI) in Children Aged 12-15 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Boys and Girls. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040277. [PMID: 33916861 PMCID: PMC8066370 DOI: 10.3390/children8040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of socioeconomic status, nutrition and physical activity lifestyle habits and perceptions on Body Mass Index (BMI) in children aged 12-15 years in Greece. Furthermore, to compare the difference between the two sexes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on a representative secondary school cohort that included 5144 subjects, aged 12 to 15 years. Students and their parents filled in validated questionnaires evaluating socioeconomic status, nutrition and physical activity. International Obesity Task Force cut offs were used to classify the children. Factor analysis of mixed data and partial proportional ordered logistic models were used to analyze ΒMΙ distributions. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Boys were 2.9 (95%CI: 2.592-3.328) times more likely to be overweight/obese than girls. Partial proportional ordinal models indicate significant associations between nutritional and physical habits and perceptions variables but also significant gender differences in socio-demographic, nutritional risk factors as well as physical activity habits and perceptions. Conclusions: A clear understanding of the factors that contribute to the sex differences in nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions may guide intervention efforts.
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Sriram K, Mulder HS, Frank HR, Santanam TS, Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Armstrong SC, Peterson ED, Pencina MJ, Wong CA. The Dose-Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:95-103. [PMID: 33341183 PMCID: PMC7769140 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the dose-response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic measures in adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional spline analyses were performed using 2003-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data among adolescents (aged 12-19 years, N=9,195) on objectively measured (2003-2006) and self-reported (2007-2016) weekly mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic measures (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, BMI, and cardiorespiratory fitness). Inflection points were determined for nonlinear relationships. RESULTS For objective moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, female adolescents had significant nonlinear associations with inflection points at 90 minutes/week for BMI percentile and systolic blood pressure. Male adolescents had inflection points at 150 weekly minutes of objective activity for BMI percentile and cardiorespiratory fitness. BMI percentile was about 7% lower for female and male adolescents at 150 weekly minutes of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than at 0 minutes. For self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, inflection points were at 375 minutes/week (diastolic blood pressure for female adolescents) and 500 minutes/week (systolic blood pressure for male adolescents). CONCLUSIONS Among several significant dose-response relationships between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in adolescents, consistent and often nonlinear relationships were identified for BMI, with inflection points at 90-150 minutes of objective moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Notable differences in associations and linearity were identified by sex and physical activity measure (objective or self-reported). These results support calls for any increase in physical activity among adolescents and suggest that recommendations closer to the adult guidelines of 150 weekly minutes of physical activity may be health promoting and more attainable for youth than the current recommendation of 420 weekly minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taruni S Santanam
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Asheley C Skinner
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Michael J Pencina
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Charlene A Wong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Children's Health and Discovery Initiative, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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11
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Hammami N, Chaurasia A, Bigelow P, Leatherdale ST. Gender differences in the longitudinal association between multilevel latent classes of chronic disease risk behaviours and body mass index in adolescents. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2020; 40:259-266. [PMID: 32909936 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.40.9.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have assessed the relationship between chronic disease risk behaviours and body mass index (BMI) in a longitudinal, sex/gender-specific context. This study used gender-specific analyses to assess the extent to which chronic disease risk behaviour latent classes are associated with BMI and weight status at follow-up. METHODS Longitudinal data from 4510 students in Grades 9 to 12, tracked from 2013- 2015, who participated in the COMPASS study were used to assess gender differences in the lagged association between previously determined latent classes (of physical activity and substance use) with BMI using multilevel mixed-effects models. Our multilevel regression models assessed the association between two latent classes, active experimenters and inactive non-using youth, with BMI when stratified by gender. RESULTS Male inactive non-substance-using youth were associated with a 0.29 higher continuous BMI (95% CI: 0.057, 0.53) and odds of overweight/obesity increased by 72% (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4) for binary BMI at follow-up relative to active youth who experiment with substance use. No significant associations were detected in females. CONCLUSION Over time, physical activity has a protective role on BMI in male youth. Both substance use and physical inactivity should be addressed in obesity prevention efforts. Gender stratification in analyses is also important since females and males have different contributing factors to increases in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammami
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashok Chaurasia
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Bigelow
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Merkel PE, Ditto EK, Robien K, Sylvetsky AC. Perspective: Chaos in a Bottle-A Critical Evaluation of Beverage Categorization in Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1414-1428. [PMID: 32556223 PMCID: PMC7666890 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beverage consumption is an important contributor to total daily calorie intake among children and adolescents. While associations between excess calories from beverages and development of obesity are well established, a standardized approach for beverage categorization does not exist. As a result, there is marked heterogeneity in assessment and categorization of beverage intake across studies. The purpose of this article is to critically review beverage categorization in recent (published since 2010) observational studies that evaluated beverage intake in relation to weight/adiposity in US youth, and to put forth an initial proposal for a standardized beverage classification system. Standardized beverage classification is critical to ensure transparency in nutrition science research and facilitate comparison of findings across studies. A systematic literature search identified 37 eligible studies, across which beverage categorization varied considerably. The most heterogeneity was observed for categorization of "sugar-sweetened beverages" and the greatest consistency was observed for categorization of 100% juices. This review provides an evidence-based starting point for urgently needed, collaborative work to determine priorities for beverage categorization and leverage existing standards of identity in order to create and disseminate a standardized beverage classification system. A standardized approach will inform meaningful assessment of beverage consumption in research studies and facilitate impactful translation of research findings into public health nutrition policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Merkel
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emma K Ditto
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, USA,Sumner M Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Musić Milanović S, Lang Morović M, Bukal D, Križan H, Buoncristiano M, Breda J. Regional and sociodemographic determinants of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 7-9 years in Croatia. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:303-311. [PMID: 33456118 PMCID: PMC7808219 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the determinants of overweight and obesity among Croatian schoolchildren aged 7-9 years in relation to sociodemographic factors. This study used data that were gathered as part of the WHO Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in 2015/2016. The sample for the study was nationally representative. Anthropometric measurements of 5591 children, 2811 boys and 2780 girls, were collected during 8 weeks using standardized equipment. Studied variables included child’s anthropometric measurements and demographics, maternal education and employment status. The results showed a 35.9% prevalence of overweight and obesity in Croatian 7-9-year-old children. Overweight and obesity were more frequent in boys in comparison to girls, especially among boys from the Adriatic region (42.1%). The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in boys living in the Adriatic region (ORadj=1.33; 95% CI 1.03-1.71) and in girls with high-school educated mothers (ORadj=1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.66). Girls with unemployed mothers had a lower risk of overweight and obesity (ORadj=0.73; 95% CI 0.58-0.92). The observed prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity warrants national and local time-bound targets for reduction of childhood obesity, accompanied by detailed action plans and monitoring mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Lang Morović
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dora Bukal
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helena Križan
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - João Breda
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Noonan RJ. To what extent do unhealthy behaviour indicators explain the neighbourhood deprivation gradient in overweight among 11-year-old English children? SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100541. [PMID: 31993476 PMCID: PMC6971388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study examined associations between neighbourhood deprivation, school commuting behaviour, a range of unhealthy behaviour indicators and overweight/obesity among 11-year-old English children. Methods Data are from wave five of the UK Millennium Cohort Study, collected in 2012. Subjects consisted of 7262 (3637 boys) 11-year-old English children. Children were classified as normal weight or overweight/obese. School commute mode (active/passive) and health behaviour indicators were parent-reported. Health behaviour indicator scores below the mean of the lower half of the distribution were classified as unhealthy on this indicator. Neighbourhood deprivation was defined using the 2004 English Indices of Multiple Deprivation. Odds ratios (ORs) for being overweight/obese according to neighbourhood deprivation were estimated. A range of unhealthy behaviour indicators were explored to assess the extent to which they attenuated associations between neighbourhood deprivation and overweight/obesity. Results Children living in the most deprived neighbourhoods in England were more likely to be overweight/obese, commute to and from school actively and participate in all unhealthy behaviour indicators compared to children living in the least deprived neighbourhoods. Adjusting for confounders and significant unhealthy behaviour indicators reduced the OR for overweight/obese from 1.81 (95% CI 1.54 to 2.13) to 1.56 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.88) in the highest neighbourhood deprivation group compared to the lowest. Conclusion Active school commuting alone is unlikely to be enough to prevent and reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity in the most deprived English neighbourhoods. Childhood overweight/obesity-related interventions should focus on promoting participation in a range of health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Noonan
- Appetite and Obesity Research Group Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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15
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Canabrava KLR, Amorim PRDS, Miranda VPN, Priore SE, Franceschini SDCC. SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192505168868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In recognition of the increasing time spent in sedentary activities in modern life, an emerging area of study linking sedentary time to health has highlighted its role in the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the indicators and characteristics of sedentary behavior associated with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. The databases SciVerse Scopus, MEDLINE®/PubMed and LILACS were selected as a source of reference, using the associated terms “sedentary lifestyle” or “sedentary behavior” or “sedentary” AND “cardiovascular diseases” AND “child or adolescent” to identify studies published from January 2006 to March 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and a score was assigned. Fifty articles were included in this review at the end. Extensive sedentary time, especially greater screen and TV exposure time, were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the accumulation of prolonged sedentary bouts with few breaks in sedentary time tended to compromise the cardiometabolic profile. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating and considering these various indicators and characteristics of sedentary behavior. Further studies are needed to elucidate the multiple and overlapping facets of sedentary behavior and their relationship with health, and to encourage the development of evidence-based recommendations for this population. Level of Evidence I; Systematic Review of Level I Studies.
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16
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Hammond R, Athanasiadou R, Curado S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Abrams C, Messito MJ, Gross R, Katzow M, Jay M, Razavian N, Elbel B. Predicting childhood obesity using electronic health records and publicly available data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215571. [PMID: 31009509 PMCID: PMC6476510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the strong link between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity comorbidities, and the difficulty in decreasing body mass index (BMI) later in life, effective strategies are needed to address this condition in early childhood. The ability to predict obesity before age five could be a useful tool, allowing prevention strategies to focus on high risk children. The few existing prediction models for obesity in childhood have primarily employed data from longitudinal cohort studies, relying on difficult to collect data that are not readily available to all practitioners. Instead, we utilized real-world unaugmented electronic health record (EHR) data from the first two years of life to predict obesity status at age five, an approach not yet taken in pediatric obesity research. METHODS AND FINDINGS We trained a variety of machine learning algorithms to perform both binary classification and regression. Following previous studies demonstrating different obesity determinants for boys and girls, we similarly developed separate models for both groups. In each of the separate models for boys and girls we found that weight for length z-score, BMI between 19 and 24 months, and the last BMI measure recorded before age two were the most important features for prediction. The best performing models were able to predict obesity with an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 81.7% for girls and 76.1% for boys. CONCLUSIONS We were able to predict obesity at age five using EHR data with an AUC comparable to cohort-based studies, reducing the need for investment in additional data collection. Our results suggest that machine learning approaches for predicting future childhood obesity using EHR data could improve the ability of clinicians and researchers to drive future policy, intervention design, and the decision-making process in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hammond
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodoniki Athanasiadou
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Silvia Curado
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Courtney Abrams
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel Gross
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle Katzow
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melanie Jay
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Narges Razavian
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian Elbel
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Program on Obesity, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, New York, United States of America
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Chuang HH, Lin RH, Chen JY, Yeh WC, Lin HF, Ueng SWN, Hsu KH. Effectiveness of a multi-faceted intervention among elementary school children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15079. [PMID: 30985659 PMCID: PMC6485882 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has been shown to be closely related to future obesity and comorbidities. As its prevalence and impact has increased significantly worldwide, researchers have focused on prevention and intervention. This study assessed a multifaceted intervention for elementary school children.A retrospective data collection with a cohort analysis was employed. A 16-week school-based intervention with nutritional intervention, physical activity, and behavioral education was designed and conducted by a multidisciplinary team for 1860 children aged 6 to 13 years. Basic information, anthropometrics, and physical fitness (PF) were recorded before and after the intervention. The differences compared with a reference group, and compared between subgroups, were analyzed.Significant favorable changes in body weight and composition were found. Children's height, weight, and muscle weight increased, whereas BMI, BMI z-score (zBMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area decreased. Sit-ups and 800-m run time significantly improved. Girls exhibited a greater reduction in body weight outcomes; boys improved more in body composition and PF. Students with higher zBMI had a greater reduction in all anthropometrics; students with lower zBMI showed greater PF improvement, except for the 800-m run.The intervention improved weight measures, body composition, and PF. Subgroup differences suggested the need for sex- and weight-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei & Linkou Branch
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology
| | - Rong-Ho Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei & Linkou Branch
| | - Wei-Chung Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei & Linkou Branch
| | - Hsiu-Fong Lin
- Department of Social Service, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Steve Wen-Neng Ueng
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang-Gung University
- Department of Urology
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate weight estimation is important for calculating appropriate medication dosages, determining rates of fluid replacement, and selecting correct equipment sizes in critically ill children requiring resuscitation. The actual measurement of the weight of a critically ill or injured child is often not possible. The Broselow Pediatric Emergency Tape (BT) is an important tool for predicting a child's weight based on his/her height. Although BT has previously been validated, given the increasing prevalence of obesity in today's society, it behooves clinicians relying on this resuscitation aid to revisit the issue. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the color-coded BT in weight estimation and the influence of obesity on its accuracy. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted in a pediatric clinic of urban hospital. This study reviewed the medical records of children up to 96 months of age, who presented during 2008-2010. We recorded the child's age (in months), actual (measured) weight (in kilograms), and height (in centimeters). Based on the height, weight estimation was obtained using the color-coded BT. The actual weight was compared with the predicted weight obtained by the height-based BT. Patients presenting with any medical condition that would substantially affect growth of the child were excluded. A univariate logistic regression model was utilized to predict any underestimation based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) percentile. RESULTS The medical records of 538 children were reviewed. There was a discrepancy in 226 children (42%). Broselow Pediatric Emergency Tape underestimated weight (measured weight was higher than predicted weight) in 158 children (29.4%) and overestimated (measured weight was lower than predicted weight) in 68 children (12.6%). Of the 158 underestimated children, 138 were off by 1 color zone, 16 by 2 color zones, and 4 by more than 2 color zones. When characterized by BMI, 46 children (13.6%) had normal BMI, 27 (45.8%) were overweight, and 84 (80.8%) were obese, whereas one child (2.8%) was underweight. CONCLUSIONS In our population, BT was inaccurate in predicting weight in 42% of children (underestimation in 158 children [29.4%] and overestimation weight in 68 children [12.6%]). However, the majority of discrepancies involved only 1 BT color zone. Emergency physicians should be aware of this discrepancy until more accurate methods become available.
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Baker KM, Healy S, Rice DJ, Garcia JM. Adolescent Weight and Health Behaviors and Their Associations With Individual, Social, and Parental Factors. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:912-917. [PMID: 30453821 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the associations and differences between gender and weight classification for physical activity (PA) and individual, social, and parental factors. METHODS Data from wave 2 of the "Growing up in Ireland" national study were used, resulting in a sample of 7525 13-year-old adolescents. Information on factors affecting adolescents' social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development was collected. RESULTS Overweight (OW) adolescents were more likely to exercise and restrict food for weight loss and less likely to perform moderate to vigorous PA than normal weight adolescents. Parent body mass index was associated with adolescent body mass index for OW and normal weight adolescents, with the strongest association seen with OW females. Parents of OW adolescents considered themselves to be more OW and less physically active than parents of normal weight adolescents. Furthermore, for all groups, a greater amount of moderate to vigorous PA was associated with less television viewing, greater PA of parents, and a greater number of friends. CONCLUSION Parental health behaviors play a significant role in adolescents' bodyweight, representing the necessity for more constructive health behaviors and PA among parents. Future interventions may be strengthened by focusing specifically on gender and body mass index, while taking into consideration the importance of parental behaviors on adolescents.
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Webster EK, Logan SW, Gray WN, Robinson LE. A cross-sectional study on the relationship between the risk of hypertension and obesity status among pre-adolescent girls from rural areas of Southeastern region of the United States. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:135-139. [PMID: 30237967 PMCID: PMC6143760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated early indications of hypertension risk and the association of overweight and obesity in young girls from a low socioeconomic region of the rural South. 139 females (M age = 8.85 ± 1.67 years) from a rural school in the Southeastern region of the United States served as participants. Body mass index was calculated based on the child's height and weight measurements (kg/m2) and resting blood pressure measurements were taken with calibrated, automatic oscillations devices. Girls who were overweight or obese were 2.81 times more likely to have a systolic blood pressure indicative of being at-risk/hypertensive (i.e., pre-hypertension and/or hypertension stage 1) than girls who were not overweight/obese. In fact, the percentage of overweight/obese girls who were at-risk/hypertensive was double that of girls who were not overweight/obese (43.2% versus 21.3%), respectively. Being overweight or obese is associated with almost three times a higher risk of hypertension than girls who are not overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel W. Logan
- College of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Wendy N. Gray
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Leah E. Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Kristiansen H, Eide GE, Brannsether B, Roelants M, Bjerknes R, Júlíusson PB. Associations between different weight-related anthropometric traits and lifestyle factors in Norwegian children and adolescents: A case for measuring skinfolds. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23187. [PMID: 30329195 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between weight-related anthropometric measures and children's eating habits, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle at a population level. METHODS Data from the Bergen Growth Study were used to study the association of z-scores of waist circumference (WC), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), subscapularis (SSF) and triceps (TSF) skinfolds and BMI, with lifestyle factors in 3063 Norwegian children (1543 boys) aged 4-15 years, using linear regression analysis. Each sex was analyzed separately. RESULTS In a fully adjusted model with additional correction for BMI z-scores, the consumption of vegetables was associated with higher WC (b = 0.03) and TSF (b = 0.05) z-scores in girls. Sedentary behavior was not associated with any of the anthropometric measures. Physical activity was negatively associated with SSF (b = -0.07) and TSF (b = -0.07) z-scores in boys, while a significant negative association was observed with WC (b = -0.02), WHtR (b = -0.03), SSF (b = -0.04) and TSF (b = -0.06) in girls. CONCLUSION Physical activity was negatively associated with skinfolds in both sexes. The BMI was not related to the level of physical activity, and should be complemented with direct measures of fat tissue, like skinfolds, when studying the effect of physical activity on body composition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Kristiansen
- Department of Pediatrics, District General Hospital of Førde, Førde, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Brannsether
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Bjerknes
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pétur B Júlíusson
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Nikolaidis PT, Kintziou E, Georgoudis G, Afonso J, Vancini RL, Knechtle B. The Effect of Body Mass Index on Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Graded Exercise Testing in Children: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E103. [PMID: 30241337 PMCID: PMC6316372 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the beneficial role of exercise for health is widely recognized, it is not clear to what extent the acute physiological responses (e.g., heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO₂)) to a graded exercise test are influenced by nutritional status (i.e., overweight vs. normal-weight). Therefore, the main objectives of the present narrative review were to examine the effect of nutritional status on acute HR, and VO₂ responses of children to exercise testing. For this purpose, we examined existing literature using PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. Compared with their normal-body mass index (BMI) peers, a trend of higher HRrest, higher HR during submaximal exercise testing, and lower HRmax was observed among overweight and obese children (according to BMI). Independent from exercise mode (walking, running, cycling, or stepping), exercise testing was metabolically more demanding (i.e., higher VO₂) for obese and overweight children than for their normal-weight peers. Considering these cardiometabolic differences according to BMI in children might help exercise specialists to evaluate the outcome of a graded exercise test (GXT) (e.g., VO2max, HRmax) and to prescribe optimal exercise intensity in the context of development of exercise programs for the management of body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Kintziou
- School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece.
| | | | - José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Center of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 9001 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Barzin M, Aryannezhad S, Serahati S, Beikyazdi A, Azizi F, Valizadeh M, Ziadlou M, Hosseinpanah F. Incidence of obesity and its predictors in children and adolescents in 10 years of follow up: Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS). BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:245. [PMID: 30045707 PMCID: PMC6060527 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging public health issues of twenty-first century. While we know that there is an increase in prevalence of childhood and adolescence obesity, incidence studies must be carried out. The main objective of this study was to determine childhood obesity incidence and its potential predictors in Tehranian urban population. Methods This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), addressing incidence and risk factors of obesity throughout several phases from 1999–2001 to 2009–2011 among Tehranian urban population. Total study subjects were 1033 non-obese children, aged between 7 to 11 years, with a median 8.7 years of follow-up. Body mass Index (BMI) was used to define obesity and overweight based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) for children was based on the Cook survey. Cumulative incidence of obesity and obesity incidence rates were calculated for each gender. Cox proportional hazard models was used to estimate potential risk factors of obesity. Results Our Participants had a mean age of 9.2 ± 1.4 years, mean BMI of 16.1 ± 2.2 kg/m2 and mean waist circumference (WC) of 57.2 ± 6.7 at baseline. Total cumulative incidence of obesity was calculated to be 17%, CI =14.1–20.4 for whole population (19.6%, CI =15.4–24.8 for boys and 14.5%,CI = 10.9–19.1 for girls). Participants which were in the age group of 7–9 years at baseline experienced higher rate of cumulative obesity incidence compared to those who were in the age group of 10–11 years at baseline (22% vs 10.8%). In addressing risk factors, 5 parameters were significantly associated with obesity incidence: being overweight at baseline (HR = 14.93 95%CI: 9.82–22.70), having higher WC (HR = 5.05 95%CI: 3.01–8.48), suffering from childhood MetS (HR: 2.77 95%CI: 1.57–4.89) and having a obese father (HR: 2.69 95%CI: 1.61–4.50) or mother (HR: 3.04 95%CI: 1.96–4.72). Conclusion Incidence of obesity is significantly high in Tehranian children, especially the age group 7–9 years. Best predictors of childhood obesity incidence are childhood overweight, WC above 90th percentile, childhood MetS and parental obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Aryannezhad
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Serahati
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Beikyazdi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ziadlou
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Barstad LH, Júlíusson PB, Johnson LK, Hertel JK, Lekhal S, Hjelmesæth J. Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors in treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:61. [PMID: 29444663 PMCID: PMC5813385 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. We aimed to examine possible gender differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents with severe obesity, hypothesizing that boys would have both a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as well as less healthy lifestyle behaviors than girls. METHODS Cross-sectional study of treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity who attended the Morbid Obesity Centre at Vestfold Hospital Trust and who were consecutively enrolled in the Vestfold Register of Obese Children between September 2009 and September 2015. A total of 313 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were recruited, whereof 268 subjects (49% boys) completed a food and activity frequency questionnaire and were included in the analysis. RESULTS Mean (SD) age, BMI and BMI SDS were 15 (1.6) years, 38.6 (5.9) kg/m2 and 3.5 (0.6). Levels of LDL cholesterol, fasting insulin and glucose and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not differ between genders. Compared to girls, boys had significantly higher triglycerides (p = 0.037) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.003), as well as lower HDL cholesterol (p = 0.002). The metabolic syndrome was present in 27% of the boys and 19% of the girls (p = 0.140), and the prevalence of high DBP, dyslipidemia and dysglycemia also did not differ significantly between genders. The prevalence of high SBP was higher in boys than in girls (19% vs. 9%, p = 0.021). Gender was associated with a number of lifestyle habits, as a larger proportions of boys had higher screen time (p = 0.032), more regular breakfast eating (p = 0.023), higher intake of sugar sweetened soda (p = 0.036), and lower intake of vegetables than girls (p = 0.011). By contrast, physical activity level and intake of fruit and berries did not differ between genders. CONCLUSIONS Male treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity had a more unfavorable set of metabolic and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease than girls. Our results indicate that lifestyle behavioral markers should be thoroughly assessed in both genders, and possible gender-related differences in risk profile should be taken into account in future treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ha Barstad
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Pétur B Júlíusson
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Kristin Johnson
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | | | - Samira Lekhal
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jøran Hjelmesæth
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway. .,Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Black L, Matvienko-Sikar K, Kearney PM. The association between childcare arrangements and risk of overweight and obesity in childhood: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1170-1190. [PMID: 28677302 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over 80% of preschool-aged children experience non-parental childcare. Childcare type has the potential to influence weight outcomes, but its impact on childhood overweight/obesity is not well established. This review aims to (i) systematically evaluate the effects of childcare type on childhood overweight/obesity risk and (ii) investigate the impact of childcare intensity and age at commencement. Five electronic databases were searched for observational studies quantifying an association between childcare type ≤5 years and weight outcomes <18 years. Twenty-four studies were included (n = 127,529 children). Thirteen studies reported increased risk of overweight/obesity in children attending informal care (n = 9) or centre care (n = 4) vs. parental care. Seven studies reported decreased risk of overweight/obesity for children in centre vs. 'non-centre' care (parental and informal). Four studies reported no association between informal or centre care and overweight/obesity. Early (<3 years) informal care, especially by a relative, was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity. Higher intensity childcare, especially when commenced early (<1 year), increased overweight/obesity risk. Later (≥3 years) centre care was associated with decreased risk of overweight/obesity. Early informal care, earlier commencement age and higher intensity represent a risk for childhood obesity. Exploration of the obesogenic aspects of these contexts is essential to inform preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Black
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork City, Ireland
| | - K Matvienko-Sikar
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork City, Ireland
| | - P M Kearney
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork City, Ireland
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26
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Top 10 Lessons Learned from Project Healthy Schools. Am J Med 2017; 130:990.e1-990.e7. [PMID: 28389315 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is increasing in the United States; obese children are more likely to become obese adults with obesity-associated health issues. Effective programs designed to reduce the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity are needed. We sought to review one such program, Project Healthy Schools (PHS), for key findings. Project Healthy Schools is a health curriculum that includes educational lessons, school environment changes, and health measurement. Data have shown improvement in numerous metrics after the program, including positive changes in physiologic measures and healthier lifestyle behaviors. The school's socioeconomic status has been shown to correlate with baseline and follow-up measures, and gender differences exist. Additionally, school environmental changes support improved health behaviors. The collaborative effort and support of various stakeholders have led to the success of this health education program, resulting in numerous physiologic and behavioral benefits in middle school students throughout Michigan, and providing a replicable, real-world approach to combating childhood obesity.
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Chi DL, Luu M, Chu F. A scoping review of epidemiologic risk factors for pediatric obesity: Implications for future childhood obesity and dental caries prevention research. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S8-S31. [PMID: 28600842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are the non-modifiable (socioeconomic, genetic) and modifiable factors (physical activity, dietary behaviors) related to childhood (under age 12) obesity? How can this knowledge be applied to oral health professionals' efforts to prevent or manage dental caries in children? OBJECTIVES Studies have identified risk factors for childhood obesity. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a conceptual model to identify non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity and to illustrate how these findings are relevant in developing interventions aimed at preventing obesity and dental caries in children. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and Embase and limited the study to English-language publications. A total of 2,572 studies were identified. After de-duplication, 2,479 studies remained and were downloaded into a citation-management tool. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. Two hundred and sixty studies remained and were retrieved for a full-text review, and 80 studies were excluded, resulting in 180 studies included in the scoping review. An inductive content analytic methods was used to organize all statistically significant obesity risk factors into seven domains, which were classified as non-modifiable or modifiable; then a conceptual model of common risk factors associated with childhood obesity and dental caries was developed. RESULTS Non-modifiable obesity risk factors include biological and developmental (e.g., genes, developmental conditions, puberty), sociodemographic and household (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parent education, unemployment), cultural (e.g., degree of acculturation), and community (e.g., neighborhood composition). Modifiable risk factors included behavioral (e.g., diet, physical activity, weight), psychosocial (e.g., maternal stress, family functioning, parenting practices, child temperament), and medical (e.g., parent smoking, maternal health, child health). CONCLUSIONS Identifying common risk factors has important implications for future oral health research aimed at preventing childhood obesity and dental caries. Epidemiologic knowledge gleaned from the literature can be used to develop rigorous interventions and programs aimed at preventing these highly prevalent diseases and improving health outcomes for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monique Luu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances Chu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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Kondolot M, Poyrazoğlu S, Horoz D, Borlu A, Altunay C, Balcı E, Öztürk A, Mazıcıoğlu MM, Kurtoğlu S. Risk factors for overweight and obesity in children aged 2-6 years. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:499-505. [PMID: 28315857 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding risk factors that may vary culturally can help improve preventive strategies for obesity. This is the first cross-sectional study aimed to determine the risk factors for overweight/obesity in children aged 2-6 years in a central Anatolian city in Turkey. METHODS A total of 1582 children (1351 healthy, 231 overweight/obese) aged 2-6 years were included from the Anthropometry of Turkish Children aged 0-6 years database. Age, gender, birth weight, birth order, mother's age, mother's body mass index (BMI), weight gain of mothers during pregnancy, presence of gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, history of formula feeding, mother's and father's education, mother's job, monthly income, smoking at home and physical activity, sleep duration and duration of television (TV) watching of the children were evaluated as independent risk factors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for overweight/obesity. RESULTS Having a high family income compared to bad [odds ratio (OR)=1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.237-3.106], increased the time of watching TV during the weekend (OR=1.094; 95% CI: 1.032-1.159), and similar physical activity level according to their peers compared to less (OR=2.957; 95% CI: 1.056-8.282) were found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity in children aged 2-6 years old. CONCLUSIONS The early childhood period seems to be important in the establishment of healthy behavioral patterns, especially limitation of TV watching and encouragement of physical activity. Obesogenic environment in families with high incomes need to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meda Kondolot
- Department of Pediatrics, Social Pediatrics Unit, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
| | | | - Duygu Horoz
- The Head of Local Health Authority, Melikgazi, Kayseri
| | - Arda Borlu
- Department of Public Health, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
| | - Canan Altunay
- Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
| | - Elcin Balcı
- Department of Public Health, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
| | - Mümtaz M Mazıcıoğlu
- Department of Family Medicine, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
| | - Selim Kurtoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri
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29
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An R. Diet quality and physical activity in relation to childhood obesity. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 29:/j/ijamh.2017.29.issue-2/ijamh-2015-0045/ijamh-2015-0045.xml. [PMID: 26351906 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthy lifestyles such as being physically active and eating a healthy diet help reduce the childhood obesity risk. However, population-level studies on the relationship between lifestyles and childhood obesity typically focus on either physical activity or diet but seldom both. This study examined physical activity and diet quality in relation to obesity in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents. METHODS The study sample of 2818 children 6-17 years old came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 waves. A healthy eating index (HEI)-2010 was constructed based on two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Participants at or above the 60th percentile of the HEI-2010 score were classified as consuming a healthy diet. Participants engaging in at least 60 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity daily measured by accelerometer were classified as being physically active. Adjusted average marginal effect of diet quality and physical activity on obesity was calculated based on estimates from logistic regressions. RESULTS Compared with those consuming a healthy diet who are physically active, the estimated probabilities for overweight and obesity were 19.03 (95% confidence interval: 11.31, 26.74) and 15.84 (10.48, 21.21) percentage points higher among children consuming an unhealthy diet and who are physically inactive, 16.53 (7.58, 25.48) and 13.48 (5.68, 21.29) percentage points higher among children consuming a healthy diet but who are physically inactive and 3.22 (-3.43, 9.88) and 3.10 (-3.08, 9.29) percentage points higher among children consuming an unhealthy diet but physically active, respectively. CONCLUSION Healthy habit formation at an early age is essential in obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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30
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Isasi CR, Parrinello CM, Ayala GX, Delamater AM, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, Elder JP, Marchante AN, Bangdiwala SI, Van Horn L, Carnethon MR. Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth. J Pediatr 2016; 176:121-127.e1. [PMID: 27344220 PMCID: PMC5003716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in US Hispanic/Latino youth and examine whether there are disparities by sex in cardiometabolic risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Study of Latino Youth is a population-based cross-sectional study of 1466 Hispanic/Latino youth (8-16 years old) who were recruited from 4 urban US communities (Bronx, NY, Chicago, IL, Miami, FL, and San Diego, CA) in 2012-2014. The majority of children were US-born (78%) and from low-income and immigrant families. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined by the use of national age- and sex-specific guidelines. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was 26.5%. The prevalence of class II-III obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was high (9.7%, 16.5%, and 23.3%, respectively). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors increased with severity of obesity in both boys and girls. Boys had a greater prevalence of diabetes and of elevated blood pressure than girls (20.9% vs 11.8% and 8.5% vs 3.3%). In multivariable analyses, younger boys were more likely to have obesity class II-III than girls (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.44-8.97). Boys were more likely to have prediabetes than girls (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.35-3.02), and the association was stronger at older ages. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high in this sample of Hispanic youth. Boys had a more adverse cardiometabolic profile compared with girls that may put them at higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Reasons for this disparity and the long-term clinical implications remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R Isasi
- Department Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
| | | | - Guadalupe X Ayala
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health
| | | | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John P Elder
- Graduate School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University
| | | | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
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Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:S240-65. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review is an update examining the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sedentary behaviour and health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline were searched in December 2014, and date limits were imposed (≥February 2010). Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth, mean age: 5–17 years), intervention (durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), comparator (various durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), and outcome (critical: body composition, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, academic achievement; important: fitness, self-esteem) study criteria. Quality of evidence by outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative analysis was conducted. A total of 235 studies (194 unique samples) were included representing 1 657 064 unique participants from 71 different countries. Higher durations/frequencies of screen time and television (TV) viewing were associated with unfavourable body composition. Higher duration/frequency of TV viewing was also associated with higher clustered cardiometabolic risk scores. Higher durations of TV viewing and video game use were associated with unfavourable behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour. Higher durations of reading and doing homework were associated with higher academic achievement. Higher duration of screen time was associated with lower fitness. Higher durations of screen time and computer use were associated with lower self-esteem. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” quality. Higher quality studies using reliable and valid sedentary behaviour measures should confirm this largely observational evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Casey E. Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Veronica J. Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Applied Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Sarah Connor Gorber
- Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Helena Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Kidokoro T, Tanaka H, Naoi K, Ueno K, Yanaoka T, Kashiwabara K, Miyashita M. Sex-specific associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity with physical fitness in adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 16:1159-66. [PMID: 27232730 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1183050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the sex-specific associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with physical fitness in 300 Japanese adolescents aged 12-14 years. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer to evaluate physical activity (PA) levels of various intensities (i.e. moderate PA (MPA), 3-5.9 metabolic equivalents (METs); VPA, ≥6 METs; moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), ≥3 METs). Eight fitness items were assessed (grip strength, bent-leg sit-up, sit-and-reach, side step, 50 m sprint, standing long jump, handball throw, and distance running) as part of the Japanese standardised fitness test. A fitness composite score was calculated using Japanese fitness norms, and participants were categorised according to their score from category A (most fit) to category E (least fit), with participants in categories D and E defined as having low fitness. It was found that for boys, accumulating more than 80.7 min/day of MVPA may reduce the probability of low fitness (odds ratio (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.17 [0.06-0.47], p = .001). For girls, accumulating only 8.4 min of VPA could reduce the likelihood of exhibiting low fitness (ORs [95% CI] = 0.23 [0.05-0.89], p = .032). These results reveal that there are sex-specific differences in the relationship between PA and physical fitness in adolescents, suggesting that sex-specific PA recommendation may be needed to improve physical fitness in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kidokoro
- a The United Graduate School of Education, Division of Health and Sport Education , Tokyo Gakugei University , 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8501 , Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- b Faculty of Education and Human Science , Yokohama National University , 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hotogaya, Yokohama , Kanagawa 240-8501 , Japan
| | - K Naoi
- c Koganei Junior High School , Tokyo Gakugei University , 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8501 , Japan
| | - K Ueno
- c Koganei Junior High School , Tokyo Gakugei University , 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8501 , Japan
| | - T Yanaoka
- d Department of Health and Sports Sciences , Tokyo Gakugei University , 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8501 , Japan
| | - K Kashiwabara
- d Department of Health and Sports Sciences , Tokyo Gakugei University , 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8501 , Japan
| | - M Miyashita
- d Department of Health and Sports Sciences , Tokyo Gakugei University , 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei , Tokyo 184-8501 , Japan
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Zeng D, Thomsen MR, Nayga RM, Rouse HL. Middle school transition and body weight outcomes: Evidence from Arkansas Public Schoolchildren. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2016; 21:64-74. [PMID: 26794273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that middle school transition adversely affects educational and psychological outcomes of pre-teen children, but little is known about the impacts of middle school transition on other aspects of health. In this article, we estimate the impact of middle school transition on the body mass index (BMI) of public schoolchildren in Arkansas, United States. Using an instrumental variable approach, we find that middle school transition in grade 6 led to a moderate decrease of 0.04 standard deviations in BMI z-scores for all students. Analysis by subsample indicated that this result was driven by boys (0.06-0.07 standard deviations) and especially by non-minority boys (0.09 standard deviations). We speculate that the changing levels of physical activities associated with middle school transition provide the most reasonable explanation for this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zeng
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 217 Agricultural Building, Fayetteville, AR 72703, United States.
| | - Michael R Thomsen
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 217 Agricultural Building, Fayetteville, AR 72703, United States
| | - Rodolfo M Nayga
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 217 Agricultural Building, Fayetteville, AR 72703, United States; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postboks 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Department of Food and Resource Economics, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heather L Rouse
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2330 Palmer HDFS Building, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1401 W Capitol Avenue Suite 300, Victory Building Little Rock, AR 72201, United States
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Leermakers ETM, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Raat H, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Sugar-containing beverage intake at the age of 1 year and cardiometabolic health at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:114. [PMID: 26377916 PMCID: PMC4574223 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) in adults has been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Although the effect of SCB on body weight in children is well established, little is known about the cardiometabolic effects in young children. We studied the associations of SCB intake at the age of 1 year with cardiometabolic health at age 6 years. METHODS This study was performed among 2,045 Dutch children from a population based prospective birth cohort. SCB intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at the age of 13 months and sex-specific tertiles were created. Children visited the research center at the age of 6 years. We created a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score including: body fat percentage, blood pressure, insulin, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Age-and sex-specific standard deviation (SD) scores were created for all outcomes. Multivariable linear regression was performed with adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables of mother and child. RESULTS In the total population, we observed an association between higher SCB intake at 13 months of age and a higher cardiometabolic risk factor score at the age of 6 years (0.13SD (95 % CI 0.01; 0.25), highest vs. lowest tertile) After stratification by sex, we found that boys in the highest tertile of SCB intake had a higher cardiometabolic risk factor score (0.18 SD (95 % CI 0.01; 0.34)), as compared to boys in the lowest tertile of SCB intake. There was no significant association in girls. We did not find associations of SCB intake with the individual cardiometabolic risk factors in the total population, or in the stratified analyses. CONCLUSION Higher SCB intake at 1 year of age was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk factor score at age 6 years in boys, but not in girls. Further research on sex-specific effects of SCBs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth T M Leermakers
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine F Felix
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Lutein intake at the age of 1 year and cardiometabolic health at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:970-8. [PMID: 26286042 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lutein is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties. Previous studies in adults suggest a beneficial role of lutein on cardiometabolic health. However, it is unknown whether this relation also exists in children; therefore, we aimed to assess the relation between lutein intake at 13 months of age and cardiometabolic outcomes at the age of 6 years. We included 2044 Dutch children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study. Diet was measured at 13 months of age with an FFQ. Lutein intake was standardised for energy and β-carotene intake. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, serum lipids and insulin were measured at the age of 6 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure total and regional fat and lean mass. A continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score was created, including the components body fat percentage, blood pressure, insulin, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. Age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores were created for all outcomes. Multivariable linear regression was performed, including socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Median (energy-standardised) lutein intake was 1317 mcg/d (95% range 87, 6069 mcg/d). There were no consistent associations between lutein intake at 13 months and anthropometrics and body composition measures at 6 years of age. In addition, lutein intake was not associated with a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score, nor was it associated with any of the individual components of the cardiometabolic risk factor score. Results from this large population-based prospective cohort study do not support the hypothesis that lutein intake early in life has a beneficial role for later cardiometabolic health.
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Lin YC, Wu JCL, Chiou ST, Chiang TL. Healthy living practices in families and child health in Taiwan. Int J Public Health 2015; 60:691-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-015-0701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Boyer BP, Nelson JA, Holub SC. Childhood body mass index trajectories predicting cardiovascular risk in adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:599-605. [PMID: 25746172 PMCID: PMC4442729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared growth parameters of girls' and boys' body mass index (BMI) trajectories from infancy to middle childhood and evaluated these parameters as predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adolescence. METHODS Using 657 children from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, quadratic growth curve analyses were conducted to establish growth parameters (intercept, slope, and quadratic term) for girls and boys from age 15 months to 10.5 years. Parameters were compared across gender and evaluated as predictors of a CVD risk index at the age of 15 years, controlling for characteristics of the adiposity rebound (AR) including age at which it occurred and children's BMI at the rebound. RESULTS Boys had more extreme trajectories of growth than girls with higher initial BMI at age 15 months (intercept), more rapid declines in BMI before the AR (slope), and sharper rebound growth in BMI after the rebound (quadratic term). For boys and girls, higher intercept, slope, and quadratic term values predicted higher CVD risk at the age of 15 years, controlling for characteristics of the AR. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that individuals at risk for developing CVD later in life may be identified before the AR by elevated BMI at 15 months and slow BMI declines. Because of the importance of early intervention in altering lifelong health trajectories, consistent BMI monitoring is essential in identifying high-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Boyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas.
| | - Jackie A Nelson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Shayla C Holub
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
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Gilliland J, Clark AF, Kobrzynski M, Filler G. Convenience Sampling of Children Presenting to Hospital-Based Outpatient Clinics to Estimate Childhood Obesity Levels in Local Surroundings. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:1332-5. [PMID: 25973810 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a critical public health matter associated with numerous pediatric comorbidities. Local-level data are required to monitor obesity and to help administer prevention efforts when and where they are most needed. We hypothesized that samples of children visiting hospital clinics could provide representative local population estimates of childhood obesity using data from 2007 to 2013. Such data might provide more accurate, timely, and cost-effective obesity estimates than national surveys. Results revealed that our hospital-based sample could not serve as a population surrogate. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gilliland
- Jason Gilliland is with the Human Environments Analysis Laboratory and with Geography, Paediatrics, and Health Studies, University of Western Ontario, London. Andrew F. Clark is with the Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, University of Western Ontario. Marta Kobrzynski and Guido Filler are with the Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario
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Olaya B, Moneta MV, Pez O, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Eke C, Goelitz D, Keyes KM, Kuijpers R, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Fermanian C, Haro JM, Kovess V. Country-level and individual correlates of overweight and obesity among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:475. [PMID: 25952506 PMCID: PMC4429414 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to estimate childhood overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with individual and population-level correlates in Eastern and Western European countries. METHODS Data were obtained from the School Children Mental Health in Europe, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Turkey. The sample consists of 5,206 school children aged 6 to 11 years old. Information on socio-demographics, children's height and weight, life-style and parental attitude were reported by the mothers. Country-level indicators were obtained through several data banks. Overweight and obesity in children were calculated according to the international age and gender-specific child Body Mass Index cut-off points. Multivariable logistic regression models included socio-demographic, lifestyle, mothers' attitude, and country-level indicators to examine the correlates of overweight. RESULTS Overall prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI = 19.3-21.7%) for overweight and 4.9% (95% CI = 4.3-5.6%) for obesity. In overweight (including obesity), Romanian children had the highest prevalence (31.4%, 95% CI = 28.1-34.6%) and Italian the lowest (10.4%, 95% CI = 8.1-12.6%). Models in the pooled sample showed that being younger (aOR = 0.93, 95% = CI 0.87-0.97), male (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07-1.43), an only child (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07-1.84), spending more hours per week watching TV (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI =1.002-1.03), and living in an Eastern Country were associated with greater risk of childhood overweight (including obesity). The same predictors were significantly associated with childhood overweight in the model conducted in the Eastern region, but not in the West. Higher Gross Domestic Product and Real Domestic Product, greater number of motor and passenger vehicles, higher percentage of energy available from fat, and more public sector expenditure on health were also associated with lower risk for childhood overweight after adjusting for covariables in the pooled sample and in the east of Europe, but not in the West. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in school children is still high, especially in Eastern regions, with some socio-demographic factors and life-styles associated with being overweight. It is also in the Eastern region itself where better macro-economic indicators are related with lower rates of childhood overweight. This represents a public health concern that deserves special attention in those countries undertaking economic and political transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Olaya
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (Universitat de Barcelona), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Victoria Moneta
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (Universitat de Barcelona), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ondine Pez
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 4069 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
- Departmental House for Adolescents (Maison Départementale des Adolescents), Hautes-Alpes, France.
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Liaison Pyschiatric Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Ceyda Eke
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau (Campus Koblenz), Koblenz, Germany.
| | | | - Rowella Kuijpers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Christophe Fermanian
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 4069 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (Universitat de Barcelona), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Viviane Kovess
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 4069 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Leermakers ETM, Felix JF, Erler NS, Ćerimagić A, Wijtzes AI, Hofman A, Raat H, Moll HA, Rivadeneira F, Jaddoe VWV, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:314-21. [PMID: 25649238 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy is unclear. We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study. SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. Adiposity was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T M Leermakers
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J F Felix
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N S Erler
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Ćerimagić
- Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A I Wijtzes
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O H Franco
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C Kiefte-de Jong
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Wendland BE, Atkinson L, Steiner M, Fleming AS, Pencharz P, Moss E, Gaudreau H, Silveira PP, Arenovich T, Matthews SG, Meaney MJ, Levitan RD. Low maternal sensitivity at 6 months of age predicts higher BMI in 48 month old girls but not boys. Appetite 2014; 82:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mo-suwan L, Nontarak J, Aekplakorn W, Satheannoppakao W. Computer Game Use and Television Viewing Increased Risk for Overweight among Low Activity Girls: Fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey 2008-2009. Int J Pediatr 2014; 2014:364702. [PMID: 24995018 PMCID: PMC4068042 DOI: 10.1155/2014/364702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the relationship between sedentary behaviors and overweight among children and adolescents show mixed results. The fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey data collected between 2008 and 2009 were used to explore this association in 5,999 children aged 6 to 14 years. The prevalence of overweight defined by the age- and gender-specific body mass index cut-points of the International Obesity Task Force was 16%. Using multiple logistic regression, computer game use for more than 1 hour a day was found to be associated with an increased risk of overweight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.93). The effect of computer game use and TV viewing on the risk for overweight was significantly pronounced among girls who spent ≤3 days/week in 60 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (AOR = 1.99 and 1.72, resp.). On the contrary, these sedentary behaviors did not exert significant risk for overweight among boys. The moderating effect on risk of overweight by physical inactivity and media use should be taken into consideration in designing the interventions for overweight control in children and adolescents. Tracking societal changes is essential for identification of potential areas for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladda Mo-suwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jiraluck Nontarak
- Office of National Health Examination Survey, Health System Research Institute, Bangkok 11000, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Office of National Health Examination Survey, Health System Research Institute, Bangkok 11000, Thailand
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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