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Tesfay MY, Delbiso TD. Prevalence of dental carries and its association with breastfeeding duration among young children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1525. [PMID: 38844931 PMCID: PMC11157944 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is a crucial feeding practices that significantly contributes to the healthy development of children. However, the effect of breastfeeding duration on caries risk is unclear, as different studies have found different results. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental caries and its association with breastfeeding duration among young children aged 12-36 months in selected health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 380 children aged 12-36 months from 11 health centers in Addis Ababa was conducted. Questionnaires and dental examinations were used to collect data. Dental caries was measured by the deft (decayed-extracted-filled teeth) index. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between dental caries and duration of breastfeeding, after adjusting for the confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries was 53.4% (95% CI: 48.3, 58.5%), with 13.7% having high caries and 39.7% having low caries. Breastfeeding duration was not significantly associated with dental carries, after adjusting for confounders. However, sugar intake, older age, mothers' unemployment, and not being in marital union are risk factors for dental caries development. CONCLUSIONS Promotion of healthy diet, especially limiting intake of sugar and sweets, and integration of oral health into primary health care programs are recommended. Further research using longitudinal design or meta-analysis is recommended to establish more concise evidence on the association between breastfeeding duration and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Yemane Tesfay
- Department of Public Health Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Darge Delbiso
- Department of Public Health Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Sritangsirikul S, Kitsahawong K, Matangkasombut O, Seminario AL, Pitiphat W. A longitudinal study on the impact of breastfeeding with or without formula milk on dental caries. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10384. [PMID: 38710791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Concerns exist about prolonged breastfeeding increasing dental caries risk, but evidence is mixed. This 2-year cohort study followed 486 toddlers, to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and caries at age 3. Caregivers reported feeding practices and potential confounders every 6 months. "Full breastfeeding" was defined as feeding breastmilk without formula milk regardless of other foods/liquids, whereas "any breastfeeding" was feeding breastmilk with/without formula milk. A calibrated dentist performed dental examinations. We used multivariable log-binomial and negative binomial regressions to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for caries prevalence and severity, adjusted for confounders. At 3-year-old, 60.3% of children exhibited caries (mean decayed-and-filled-teeth, dft: 3.3). Notably, full breastfeeding for 6-17 months reduced caries prevalence (RR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.98 for 6-11 months; RR = 0.78, 95%CI 0.63-0.96 for 12-17 months). Conversely, any breastfeeding ≥ 18 months significantly increased caries risk (RR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.31-1.60). Full breastfeeding ≥ 6 months or any breastfeeding 6-17 months was associated with lower dft scores in children. Our findings suggest a complex relationship between breastfeeding duration and caries. Full breastfeeding for moderate durations (6-17 months) offers protective benefits, while any breastfeeding ≥ 18 months increases risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirima Sritangsirikul
- Faculty of Dentistry, PhD Program in Oral Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kemporn Kitsahawong
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence On Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Ana Lucia Seminario
- Timothy A. DeRouen Center for Global Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Shrestha SK, Arora A, Manohar N, Ekanayake K, Foster J. Association of Breastfeeding and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1355. [PMID: 38732602 PMCID: PMC11085424 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although numerous systematic reviews have been published regarding the association between breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC), the results remain inconclusive and equivocal. This systematic review synthesises the evidence on the association between breastfeeding and ECC. Five electronic databases and backward citation chasing were performed from inception until May 2023. A total of 31 studies (22 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies) were included in this review. The meta-analysis of the case-control studies showed statistically significant fewer dental caries in children who were breastfed for < 6 months compared to those who were breastfed for ≥6 months (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.41-0.67, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in dental caries between children who were breastfed for <12 months and those who were breastfed for ≥12 months (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86, p < 0.002). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in dental caries in children who were breastfed for < 18 months compared to those who were breastfed for ≥18 months (RR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.92, p = 0.030). Nocturnal breastfeeding increases the risk of ECC compared with no nocturnal breastfeeding (RR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.42-3.89, p < 0.001). The findings suggest breastfeeding for more than 12 months and nocturnal breastfeeding increase the risk of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kiran Shrestha
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Narendar Manohar
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Blackdog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Kanchana Ekanayake
- University of Sydney Library, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jann Foster
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ingham Research Institute, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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Mathias FB, Cademartori MG, Buffarini R, Barros F, Bertoldi AD, Demarco FF, Goettems ML. Breastfeeding, consumption of ultraprocessed foods, and dental caries at 4 years of age: A birth cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:103-113. [PMID: 37171456 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort studies have demonstrated an association between prolonged and/or frequent breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC). AIM To investigate the association between prolonged breastfeeding and ECC at 48 months, while considering the interaction between prolonged breastfeeding and ultraprocessed foods (UPF). DESIGN Data from a birth cohort study conducted in southern Brazil were used (n = 3645). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the influence of breastfeeding and UPF consumption on the prevalence and experience of caries. To measure the interaction on the additive scale between breastfeeding and UPF consumption on the prevalence and experience of ECC, the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated. RESULTS Prolonged breastfeeding was associated with higher prevalence (PR = 1.82; CI:1.59-2.08) and experience (RR = 2.47; CI:1.97-3.10) of ECC. Greater prevalence (PR = 1.16; CI: 1.04-1.30) and experience of ECC (RR = 1.22; CI: 1.00-1.48) were found in children who had high consumption of UPFs. Negative RERIs were observed for the prevalence and experience of ECC (-0.25 and -0.001). CONCLUSION High UPF consumption and prolonged breastfeeding were associated with ECC. No interaction, however, was observed, showing that the two exposures have independent effects. To prevent ECC, policies and programs are needed to support breastfeeding until the age of 2 years and to limit the consumption of UPF.
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Beaugrand A, Ternisien A, Delfosse C, Trentesaux T, Marquillier T. [Knowledge, attitudes and practices in oral health of breastfeeding women]. SOINS. PEDIATRIE, PUERICULTURE 2024; 45:39-48. [PMID: 38365395 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The benefits of breastfeeding on the health of infants and mothers are no longer in doubt. On the other hand, the advantages in terms of maxillofacial development and the risks of prolonged breastfeeding on oral health are much less discussed. An exploratory qualitative study, carried out within the pediatric dentistry functional unit of the dental care service of the Lille University Hospital Center in 2022, aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and practices in oral health of breastfeeding women. This article will discuss the gaps in prevention as well as the obstacles and levers to improving care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amandine Ternisien
- Odontologie pédiatrique, UFR3S-Odontologie, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Caroline Delfosse
- Odontologie pédiatrique, UFR3S-Odontologie, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Trentesaux
- Odontologie pédiatrique, UFR3S-Odontologie, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Marquillier
- Odontologie pédiatrique, UFR3S-Odontologie, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire Éducations et promotion de la santé, UR 3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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Nadeeshani H, Kudagammana ST, Herath C, Jayasinghe R, Liyanage R. Early Childhood Caries and Nutritional Status of Children: A Review. Food Nutr Bull 2023; 44:249-264. [PMID: 38095292 DOI: 10.1177/03795721231209358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health issue affecting children around the world. Severe symptoms and complications commonly found with ECC are adverse effects on health and growth retardation triggered by sensitivity, pain, and abscesses associated with decayed teeth, premature tooth loss, and insufficient food intake due to difficulty in chewing and keeping food in the mouth. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide an overview of the most recent and current evidence on the association between ECC and nutritional status with an aim to stimulate further research and to identify the impact of nutritional status on ECC and vice versa. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were used to search the studies conducted between 2016 and 2022. The included studies were searched using some keyword combinations and saved in Mendeley Desktop for review and referencing. All books, policy briefs, thesis/dissertations, and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded, and 47 studies were selected for this narrative review. RESULTS Many studies have identified long-term, frequent, and nocturnal bottle-feeding and breastfeeding as well as frequent consumption of sugary food and beverages as high-risk factors for ECC. Adverse nutritional status assessed by anthropometric measures, vitamin D status, and iron-deficiency anemia have been studied as risk factors for ECC. CONCLUSIONS Most of the prevailing studies are either case-control or cross-sectional studies, which are unable to provide strong evidence to prove the direction of causality. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to clarify the association between ECC and the nutritional status of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani Nadeeshani
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chandra Herath
- Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Lima LJS, da Consolação Soares ME, Moreira LV, Ramos-Jorge J, Ramos-Jorge ML, Marques LS, Fernandes IB. Family income modifies the association between frequent sugar intake and dental caries. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33:535-542. [PMID: 36704857 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether family income modifies associations between dental caries and sex, age, mother's education, type of preschool, sugar intake, and toothbrushing. BACKGROUND Dental caries is a multifactorial dyanamic disease primarily mediated by biofilm and sugar. DESIGN A randomly selected sample of 308 Brazilian preschool children aged 1-3 years underwent a clinical oral examination for the assessment of moderate/extensive dental caries using codes 3-6 of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Mothers were asked to fill out a form addressing the child's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as the frequency of sugar intake. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, and Poisson regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate/extensive dental caries was 42.5%. The adjusted model revealed that within low-income families (<2 times the monthly minimum wage), the prevalence of dental caries was higher among children with a high frequency of sugar intake (≥ twice per day) than in those with a low frequency of sugar intake (< twice a day) (RR = 1.79; CI: 1.38-2.33). In families with higher income (≥2 times the monthly wage), no significant association between sugar intake and dental caries was, however, found. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, monthly family income can modify the association between the high frequency of sugar intake and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jordana Santos Lima
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza da Consolação Soares
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luana Viviam Moreira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Pediatric Dentistry., Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva Marques
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Izabella Barbosa Fernandes
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Pediatric Dentistry., Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Papadopoulou P, Boka V, Arapostathis K. Integration of Breastfeeding Consultation and Practices in the Scope of Pediatric Dentistry: Collaboration with Lactation Specialists. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:306-310. [PMID: 38268628 PMCID: PMC10804299 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, breastfeeding has been largely promoted due to health benefits for the children and the mothers and social, economic, and environmental advantages. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breastfeeding for at least 2 years and to be continued for as long as this is desired by the mother-child dyad.Despite its advantages, including protection against caries in the 1st year of life, prevention of malocclusions, and development of more normal breathing patterns, there is a great controversy in the literature regarding breastfeeding involvement in elevated risk for early childhood caries (ECC).Breastfeeding and oral health are strongly related. Breastfeeding can influence oral health and development, but oral findings, such as tethered tissues and natal/neonatal teeth, may negatively affect lactation. Conclusion A healthy collaboration between the oral health care provider and the lactation specialist is important in order to identify those oral findings and prevent breastfeeding implications, but also in order to facilitate uneventful breastfeeding by emphasizing oral health care prevention strategies. Clinical significance Information on the advantages of certain lactation aspects and the potential risks for ECC is important for the pediatric dentist to be able to form an individualized treatment/prevention plan that will benefit and promote the oral and general health of young patients. How to cite this article Papadopoulou P, Boka V, Arapostathis K. Integration of Breastfeeding Consultation and Practices in the Scope of Pediatric Dentistry: Collaboration with Lactation Specialists. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S306-S310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Papadopoulou
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Boka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arapostathis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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Feldens CA, Alvarez L, Acevedo AM, Cepeda V, Chirife MT, Gálvez CA, Dezan-Garbelini C, Gudiño-Fernández S, Martignon S, Pérez V, Paiva SM, Zambrano O, Zelada D, Villena R. Early-life sugar consumption and breastfeeding practices: a multicenter initiative in Latin America. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e104. [PMID: 38055522 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multicenter study was to explore the early-life sugar consumption and dietary practices in Latin America as well as to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the age at which foods and beverages with added sugars are introduced. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 805 1- to 3-year-old children from 10 Latin American countries, as a complementary study to the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region (OICAL). A Food Frequency Questionnaire previously tested in different countries was applied to children's mothers and data on breastfeeding and age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was collected. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test and Poisson regression with robust variance, with the calculation of crude and adjusted mean ratios (MR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). The average age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was 10.1 months (95%CI 9.7-10.4) and 9.6 (95%CI 9.2-9.9) months, respectively, with a significant variation between countries (p < 0.001). The average daily frequency of sugary foods-beverages was 3.3 times per day (95%CI 3.1-3.5) and varied significantly between countries (p = 0.004). Breastfeeding duration of over six months was associated with an increase in the age of introduction of sweet drinks (16%; MR 1.16; 95%CI 1.05-1.28) and foods (21%; MR 1.21; 95%CI 1.10-1.33). In conclusion, most children from vulnerable settings in Latin America start consuming sugary products in the first year of life and a high frequency of consumption was reported through early childhood. Additionally, breastfeeding contributes to a delay in the introduction of sugary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Ulbra, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Licet Alvarez
- Universidad de la República Uruguay - Udelar, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana María Acevedo
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Dental Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Veronica Cepeda
- Universidad Internacional del Ecuador - Uide, Faculty of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maria Teresa Chirife
- Universidad Autónoma del Paraguay, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Sylvia Gudiño-Fernández
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Pediatric Dentistry Master, San José Postgraduate Study Sistem, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Vidal Pérez
- Universidad de Talca, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Talca, Chile
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Olga Zambrano
- Universidad del Zulia, Institute of Dental Research, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Diana Zelada
- Universidad San Martin de Porres - USMP, Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Lima, Perú
| | - Rita Villena
- Universidad San Martin de Porres - USMP, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lima, Perú
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Sæthre HB, Wang NJ, Wigen TI. Prolonged breastfeeding and dental caries in preschool children. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:549-554. [PMID: 37211628 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2211154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore breastfeeding from 6 to 18 months of age and to study the association between breastfeeding and caries prevalence at 5 years of age. METHODS The study included 1088 children from one Norwegian county and was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The children had clinical dental examination at 5 years of age, and parents answered a questionnaire, which included information on breastfeeding, oral health behaviour and child characteristic. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The study was ethically approved. RESULTS Of the studied children, 77% were breastfed at 6 months of age and 16% were still breastfed at 18 months of age. Few children (6%) were breastfed during night at 18 months of age, while 11% received sugary drink during night. No association was found between breastfeeding up to 18 months of age and caries prevalence at 5 years of age (p > .05). Children who at 18 months of age had their teeth brushed less than twice daily (OR 2.4, CI 1.5-3.9), consumed sugary drink once a week or more often (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.7) and had non-Western parents (OR 3.4, CI 1.5-8.1) were more likely to have caries experience at 5 years of age than other children. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding up to 18 months of age was not associated with caries development during preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene B Sæthre
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina J Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove I Wigen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
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Arishi RA, Lai CT, Geddes DT, Stinson LF. Impact of breastfeeding and other early-life factors on the development of the oral microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236601. [PMID: 37744908 PMCID: PMC10513450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is home to the second most diverse microbiome in the human body. This community contributes to both oral and systemic health. Acquisition and development of the oral microbiome is a dynamic process that occurs over early life; however, data regarding longitudinal assembly of the infant oral microbiome is scarce. While numerous factors have been associated with the composition of the infant oral microbiome, early feeding practices (breastfeeding and the introduction of solids) appear to be the strongest determinants of the infant oral microbiome. In the present review, we draw together data on the maternal, infant, and environmental factors linked to the composition of the infant oral microbiome, with a focus on early nutrition. Given evidence that breastfeeding powerfully shapes the infant oral microbiome, the review explores potential mechanisms through which human milk components, including microbes, metabolites, oligosaccharides, and antimicrobial proteins, may interact with and shape the infant oral microbiome. Infancy is a unique period for the oral microbiome. By enhancing our understanding of oral microbiome assembly in early life, we may better support both oral and systemic health throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa A. Arishi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ching T. Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Donna T. Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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Kalita C, Langthasa M, Saikia AK, Saikia A, Medhi S. Prevalence and correlates of dental caries among 2-5 years children with special reference to breastfeeding in Kamrup District, Assam. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:197-203. [PMID: 37861633 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_350_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries among children is one of the most common health-related issues worldwide. Aim To find out the prevalence of dental caries among 2-5 years old children in Kamrup district of Assam with reference to breastfeeding and associated variables. Materials and Methods In this community-based cross-sectional study, 1439 children were examined from 15 wards of Kamrup Metro and four randomly chosen blocks of Kamrup Rural. Children were examined to assess the mean decayed/filled primary teeth (dmft) index, and a self-administered validated questionnaire was given to the mothers to collect data on the practice of breastfeeding initiation, its duration, and dental hygiene habits. Results Dental caries prevalence was found to be higher in urban areas (54.6%) than rural areas (45.4%). The frequency of using toothpaste was highest among the tooth-cleaning materials. A significant difference in caries prevalence was observed among the children, those who brushed twice a day, and those who did not brush (P = 0.039). The difference was significant in the mean dmft of children from the upper socioeconomic class (P = 0.023) compared with the other classes. A significant difference was also observed between breastfeeding duration (P = 0.010), exclusive and nonexclusive breastfeeding, time of initiation of breastfeeding within 12 h (P < 0.001), and alternative feeding with caries prevalence (P < 0.001). Conclusions Dental caries were higher in urban localities and upper socioeconomic classes. Breastfeeding initiation and duration may play an important role in the causation of dental caries. No significant association was found between colostrum, prelacteal feeding, and caries prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Kalita
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Meghali Langthasa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Saikia
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ankumoni Saikia
- Department of Community Medicine, Dhubri Medical College, Dhubri, Assam, India
| | - Sthitaprajna Medhi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences, Mullana, Haryana, India
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Bulut G, Kilinc G. The impact of infant feeding and oral hygiene habits on early childhood caries: A cross-sectional study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:810-818. [PMID: 37470657 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_904_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the Early Childhood Caries (ECC)/severe-ECC (S-ECC) and prolonged breast-feeding (BF), bottle-feeding, and oral hygiene habits in 0-year-old to 5-year-old Turkish children. Patients and Methods Dental examinations were performed on 255 patients to determine the prevalence of the ECC and the S-ECC as per the definition of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. To predict the progress rate of caries, noncavitated and cavitated lesion scores were assessed by using the International caries detection and assessment system II criteria. Information on infant feeding practices, oral hygiene habits, maternal characteristics, and demographic features were gathered by means of a questionnaire. The results were statistically evaluated. Results There were no associations between BF duration, night-time BF, bottle-feeding, and the ECC. And there were also no associations between BF duration, night-time BF, bottle-feeding, and the S-ECC. Cavitated lesions were more common in children breastfed at night for 18-23 months compared to 12-17 months (P = 0.031). Sweetened bottle was an impact factor on caries experience (P = 0.042). A significant correlation was found for dmft, S-ECC, and the cavitated lesions regarding sugar consumption (P = .001, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). Early introduction to tooth-brushing and regular dental visits were significantly effective in reducing the ECC (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Conclusion BF and bottle-feeding practices were not associated with the ECC/S-ECC. Sweetened bottles and sugary foods are strong risk factors for the ECC/S-ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bulut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Kilinc
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Abanto J, Maruyama JM, Pinheiro E, Matijasevich A, Antunes JLF, Bönecker M, Cardoso MA. Authors' reply to the letter to the editor from Peres KG, Feldens CA, Nascimento GG, Peres MA, Vitolo MR and Barros AJD. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:585-586. [PMID: 36973913 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Abanto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Mayumi Maruyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Pinheiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marly Augusto Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Karkoutly M, Kataish A, Al Kurdi S, Almonakel MB, Bshara N. Knowledge, perceptions, and behavior regarding children's oral health among Syrian pediatricians: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:272. [PMID: 37165414 PMCID: PMC10170676 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health has a direct impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Hence, general health and oral health cannot be separated. Pediatricians play a pivotal role in providing primary care for infants and are the first to interact with them since birth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, perceptions, and behavior of Syrian pediatricians regarding children's oral health. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The questionnaire consisted of six main sections and required answers regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge, behavior, perceptions, and training received in oral health. The association between categorical variables was tested with Pearson's chi-square tests and Fishers exact tests using SPSS ver. 23. RESULTS The response rate was 43.12% (229/531). Most of the participants (64.02%) got a poor level of knowledge and no significant association was found between knowledge level and years of experience (p = 0.270). The majority of the participants (99.13%) perceived that diet, bacteria, and sugar exposure time are the etiological factors of dental caries. The overwhelming majority of the participants (98.25%) acknowledged the need for further oral health training during residency. CONCLUSIONS Most pediatricians reported a poor level of knowledge. It is recommended to update the postgraduate and residency curriculum to equip pediatricians with adequate knowledge regarding children's oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawia Karkoutly
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental College, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Ammar Kataish
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Saleh Al Kurdi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental College, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Mhd Bashier Almonakel
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental College, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Nada Bshara
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental College, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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16
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Saheb SAK, Najmuddin M, Nakhran AM, Mashhour NM, Moafa MI, Zangoti AM. Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes toward Preschool's Oral Health and Early Childhood Caries. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:371-375. [PMID: 37519955 PMCID: PMC10373765 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The present cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the attitudes and knowledge of caregivers toward oral health and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in the Jazan population. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 105 study subjects, including parents of children, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The demographic variables and information regarding the awareness and knowledge of caregivers were recorded. The data gathered were analyzed using statistical analysis using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Result Among 105 children, 66.7% were male, showing male predominance regarding ECC. Among parents, 52.4% were with a bachelor's degree. Most parents lack awareness in regard to dental caries affecting their children. Parents lack knowledge regarding various preventive and treatment options available. Conclusion The study revealed that caregivers had very less knowledge and clinical practice concern with the oral well-being of preschool kids. The study's results reveal that promotion programs in relation to oral health are required to cover the gaps of knowledge among mothers of kids related to the care of oral health in their young kids. Clinical significance Different health-concerned behaviors are being affected by awareness and knowledge, and the health of the oral cavity is not an exemption. It has been postulated that diseases of the oral cavity are affected by social factors. Thus, this study was conducted to find the connection between the knowledge of parents regarding their oral health and the status of the health of their children's oral cavities. How to cite this article K Saheb SA, Najmuddin M, Nakhran AM, et al. Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes toward Preschool's Oral Health and Early Childhood Caries. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):371-375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeena Abdul K Saheb
- Department of Orthodontics; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Najmuddin
- Department of Oral Medicine; Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammed I Moafa
- Intern College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Zuccon A, Stellini E, Fioretti A, Cavallari F, Pernechele E, Zerman N, DI Fiore A, Ludovichetti FS. Impact of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding comparison on children between 2- and 6-year-old caries development. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2022; 71:339-345. [PMID: 36197281 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.22.04753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries is a multifactorial degenerative disease, and it is the most common chronic disease during childhood. Few studies have assessed the effects of breastfeeding and bottle feeding on children's dental caries, also taking into account the duration of both options. We investigated whether the infant feeding duration and feeding methods (breast, bottle or both) are risk factors for dental caries in childhood. METHODS Our study included 210 children from 2 to 6 years old and it was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Borgo Cavalli (Treviso, Italy). The average number of decayed, missing, and filled primary tooth surfaces (DMFT) were investigated by analyzing the medical histories. Data collection was conducted from September 2021 to July 2022. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). First, an analysis was performed to verify the database using a graph. We used the negative Poisson and Binomial count model for the data. Next, the verification of which covariables were significant was performed, finally the conclusions were obtained. RESULTS By dividing the population according to the type of feeding, we saw that most of the children participating in the study had between 3 and 7 cavities. By analyzing the length of feeding, we saw that the average duration was between 10 and 20 months. Due to the P values, we concluded that the total duration of feeding variable was not significant in explaining the event of interest and, therefore, only the variable type of feeding (artificial and natural) was significant because the P value was below the 5% significance level. Finally, we concluded that natural type breastfeeding increases the average amount of caries by 1.29 times, or 29% more than artificial feeding. CONCLUSIONS Compared to bottle-feeding, breastfeeding increases the risk of caries at an early age; however, there is no correlation between duration and occurrence of caries. Meanwhile, considering health benefits, dental professionals should not discourage breastfeeding; as a matter of fact, promoting breastfeeding has many benefits for infants and mothers, provided that it is associated with proper oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zuccon
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Fioretti
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Cavallari
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pernechele
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Adolfo DI Fiore
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Abanto J, Maruyama JM, Pinheiro E, Matijasevich A, Antunes JLF, Bönecker M, Cardoso MA, Lourenço BH, Malta MB, Ferreira MU, Neves PAR, Damasceno AA, da Silva BP, de Souza RM, Andrade SL, de Castro MC. Prolonged breastfeeding, sugar consumption and dental caries at 2 years of age: A birth cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 51:575-582. [PMID: 36380436 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous cohort studies have found a positive association between prolonged breastfeeding (≥12 months) on dental caries, but few of them analysed the mediated effect of sugar consumption on this association. This study investigated whether prolonged breastfeeding is a risk factor for caries at 2-year follow-up assessment (21-27 months of age) and whether this effect is mediated by sugar consumption. METHODS A birth cohort study was performed in the Brazilian Amazon (n = 800). Dental caries was assessed using the dmf-t index. Prolonged breastfeeding was the main exposure. Data on baseline covariables and sugar consumption at follow-up visits were analysed. We estimated the OR for total causal effect (TCE) and natural indirect effect (NIE) of prolonged breastfeeding on dental caries using the G-formula. RESULTS The prevalence of caries was 22.8% (95% CI: 19.8%-25.8%). Children who were breastfed for 12-23 months (TCE = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) and for ≥24 months (TCE = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.40) presented a higher risk of caries at age of 2 years than those breastfed <12 months. However, this risk was slightly mediated by a decreased frequency of sugar consumption at age of 2 years only for breastfeeding from 12 to 23 months (NIE; OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the effect of prolonged breastfeeding on the increased risk of dental caries was slightly mediated by sugar consumption. Early feeding practices for caries prevention and promoting breastfeeding while avoiding sugar consumption should be targeted in the first 2 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Abanto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry International University of Catalunya Barcelona Spain
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jessica Mayumi Maruyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Emanuella Pinheiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - José L. F. Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marly A. Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Otsugu M, Mikasa Y, Kitamura T, Suehiro Y, Matayoshi S, Nomura R, Nakano K. Clinical characteristics of children and guardians possessing CBP-positive Streptococcus mutans strains: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17510. [PMID: 36266432 PMCID: PMC9585102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a major etiological agent for dental caries. We previously demonstrated that S. mutans strains expressing collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) were related to the pathogenesis of systemic diseases. However, their acquisition and colonization remain unknown. Here, we investigated the detection rates of CBP-positive S. mutans strains in children and their guardians to clarify the background for the acquisition and colonization in children. Saliva samples were collected from children and their mothers, and detection of S. mutans and collagen-binding genes (cnm, cbm) was performed by PCR after DNA extraction. The oral status of each child was examined, and their mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire. The isolation rate of Cnm-positive S. mutans was significantly higher in mothers than in children. Notably, the possession rates of CBP-positive strains in children were significantly higher in children whose mothers had CBP-positive strains than in children whose mothers did not have these strains. Furthermore, children with CBP-positive strains had a significantly shorter breastfeeding period than children without these strains. The present results suggest that nutritional feeding habits in infancy are one of the factors involved in the acquisition and colonization of CBP-positive S. mutans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Otsugu
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yusuke Mikasa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitamura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuto Suehiro
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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Sultana S, Parvin MS, Islam MT, Chowdhury EH, Bari ASM. Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children in Mymensingh and Its Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10070138. [PMID: 35877412 PMCID: PMC9319037 DOI: 10.3390/dj10070138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Children suffer from various oral and periodontal diseases. Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases among children in the world. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 pediatric patients who attended the Dental Unit of Mymensingh Medical College from March to September 2019. The sample size was calculated using a statistical formula and the children were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Children and their guardians were interviewed and data were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 82.7%. The prevalence of caries was significantly higher in aged children (8–10 years) and also in rural, low-income, and illiterate families. Seven significant risk factors were identified that included residence in the rural area (OR: 7.31 [1.73–30.83]), a parental income of BDT ≤ 20,000 per month (OR: 4.75 [1.49–15.05]), reduced duration (≤1 min) of teeth cleaning (OR: 18.54 [2.05–168.17]), teeth cleaning before breakfast (OR: 93.30 [10.95–795.32]), the spoon-feeding method (OR: 12.57 [2.09–75.61]), long-term (37–48 months) breastfeeding (OR: 212.53 [8.69–5195.25]), and family oral problem (OR: 8.20 [2.57–26.16]). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries among the children in Mymensingh is very high and was associated with residence in rural areas, parental income, reduced duration of teeth cleaning, teeth cleaning before breakfast, the spoon-feeding method, long-term breastfeeding, and family oral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (A.S.M.B.)
| | - Mst. Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Md. Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (A.S.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-91-67401 (ext. 6351)
| | - A. S. Mahfuzul Bari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (A.S.M.B.)
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Zou J, Du Q, Ge L, Wang J, Wang X, Li Y, Song G, Zhao W, Chen X, Jiang B, Mei Y, Huang Y, Deng S, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhou X. Expert consensus on early childhood caries management. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:35. [PMID: 35835750 PMCID: PMC9283525 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant chronic disease of childhood and a rising public health burden worldwide. ECC may cause a higher risk of new caries lesions in both primary and permanent dentition, affecting lifelong oral health. The occurrence of ECC has been closely related to the core microbiome change in the oral cavity, which may be influenced by diet habits, oral health management, fluoride use, and dental manipulations. So, it is essential to improve parental oral health and awareness of health care, to establish a dental home at the early stage of childhood, and make an individualized caries management plan. Dental interventions according to the minimally invasive concept should be carried out to treat dental caries. This expert consensus mainly discusses the etiology of ECC, caries-risk assessment of children, prevention and treatment plan of ECC, aiming to achieve lifelong oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangtai Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. The short- and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding make breastfeeding or the provision of human milk a public health imperative. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for approximately 6 months after birth. Furthermore, the AAP supports continued breastfeeding, along with appropriate complementary foods introduced at about 6 months, as long as mutually desired by mother and child for 2 years or beyond. These recommendations are consistent with those of the World Health Organization (WHO). Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are rare. The AAP recommends that birth hospitals or centers implement maternity care practices shown to improve breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Joint Commission monitor breastfeeding practices in United States hospitals. Pediatricians play a critical role in hospitals, their practices, and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and, thus, need to be trained about the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and children and in managing breastfeeding. Efforts to improve breastfeeding rates must acknowledge existing disparities and the impact of racism in promoting equity in breastfeeding education, support, and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Younger Meek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lawrence Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York.,New York City Health+Hospitals Elmhurst
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Impact of Dietary Patterns on Plaque Acidogenicity and Dental Caries in Early Childhood: A Retrospective Analysis in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127245. [PMID: 35742494 PMCID: PMC9223666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationship of dietary patterns, such as frequency, timing, and cariogenicity of food/beverage consumption, with plaque acidogenicity and early childhood caries (ECC) in Japan. A total of 118 children aged 1–4 years who had visited the pediatric dental clinic were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed their records to collect data including age, sex, medical history, medication, caries status, and plaque acidogenicity level at the first dental visit. The plaque acidogenicity level was measured using Cariostat®. Dietary data were collected from 3-day dietary records, and the dietary cariogenicity score was calculated from these data. Children with ECC or high plaque acidogenicity consumed between-meal sugars more frequently than did their counterparts (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively). Children with ECC or high plaque acidogenicity drank juices between meals more frequently than at mealtimes (p = 0.02). Frequent consumption of between-meal sugars was associated with higher plaque acidogenicity and ECC, and frequent breast/bottle feeding was associated with ECC. No differences were found in the dietary cariogenicity scores between these groups. Therefore, the frequency and timing of sugar consumption, might affect plaque acidogenicity and ECC, and reducing the frequency of sugar intake could prevent ECC.
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Peres KG, Nascimento GG, Gupta A, Singh A, Cassiano LS, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Scoping Review of Oral Health-Related Birth Cohort Studies: Toward a Global Consortium. J Dent Res 2022; 101:632-646. [PMID: 35012400 PMCID: PMC9125142 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211062475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary nature and long duration of birth cohort studies allow investigation of the relationship between general and oral health and indicate the most appropriate stages in life to intervene. To date, the worldwide distribution of oral health-related birth cohort studies (OHRBCSs) has not been mapped, and a synthesis of information on methodological characteristics and outcomes is not available. We mapped published literature on OHRBCSs, describing their oral health-related data and methodological aspects. A 3-step search strategy was adopted to identify published studies using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID databases. Studies with baseline data collection during pregnancy or within the first year of life or linked future oral health data to exposures during either of these 2 life stages were included. Studies examining only mothers' oral health and specific populations were excluded. In total, 1,721 articles were suitable for initial screening of titles and abstracts, and 528 articles were included in the review, identifying 120 unique OHRBCSs from 34 countries in all continents. The review comprised literature from the mid-1940s to the 21st century. Fifty-four percent of the OHRBCSs started from 2000 onward, and 75% of the cohorts were from high-income and only 2 from low-income countries. The participation rate between the baseline and the last oral health follow-up varied between 7% and 93%. Ten cohorts that included interventions were mostly from 2000 and with fewer than 1,000 participants. Seven data-linkage cohorts focused mostly on upstream characteristics and biological aspects. The most frequent clinical assessment was dental caries, widely presented as decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft). Periodontal conditions were primarily applied as isolated outcomes or as part of a classification system. Socioeconomic classification, ethnicity, and country- or language-specific assessment tools varied across countries. Harmonizing definitions will allow combining data from different studies, adding considerable strength to data analyses; this will be facilitated by forming a global consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - G G Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Gupta
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
| | - A Singh
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Schertel Cassiano
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A J Rugg-Gunn
- The Borrow Foundation, Waterlooville, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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25
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Kotsanos N, Wong F. Restoration of Carious Hard Dental Tissues. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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ABANTO J, OLIVEIRA LB, PAIVA SM, GUARNIZO-HERREÑO C, SAMPAIO FC, BÖNECKER M. Impact of the first thousand days of life on dental caries through the life course: a transdisciplinary approach. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e113. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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27
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Campos Vieira J, Cury JA, Ricomini Filho AP. Combination effect of diurnal exposure to sucrose and nocturnal exposure to lactose on enamel demineralization. Caries Res 2021; 56:47-54. [PMID: 34749362 DOI: 10.1159/000520590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have hypothesized that the association between human milk and caries in breastfeeding children could be explained by the combination of a diurnal cariogenic diet with the nocturnal lactose fermentation, conditions simulated in this experimental study. Cariogenic biofilm was formed on bovine enamel slabs, which were exposed 8x/day for 3 min to a 10% sucrose solution, simulating a highly cariogenic diurnal diet, or 50 mM NaCl solution (control). Simulating the nocturnal retention of milk in mouth, biofilms were transferred to culture medium containing 0.7% lactose for 2 h, or only to culture medium (control). Four groups were designed (n=12): Ctrl, no exposure to diurnal sucrose or nocturnal lactose; Lac, only nocturnal exposure to lactose (2 h); Suc, only diurnal exposure to sucrose (8x/day); and Suc→Lac, diurnal exposure to sucrose (8x/day) followed by nocturnal exposure to lactose (2 h). The medium was changed 3x/day, at the beginning of the day, and after diurnal and nocturnal exposures. Calcium in the medium was determined as chemical indicator of partial demineralizations occurred during the diurnal and the nocturnal treatments; the medium pH was also determined. After 96 h of growth, biofilms were harvested to evaluate CFU, biomass, and extracellular polysaccharides, soluble and insoluble. The percentage of enamel surface hardness loss (%SHL) was evaluated as cumulative demineralization. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test (α=5%). Highest %SHL (p<0.05) was found for Suc→Lac (40.6%) group when compared to Suc (32.1%), Lac (7.7%), and Ctrl (3.8%). Calcium released during the diurnal and nocturnal treatments were respectively: Suc→Lac=Suc>Lac=Ctrl and Suc→Lac=Lac>Suc=Ctrl (p<0.05). Regarding Ctr group, calcium released from nocturnal lactose fermentation by Suc→Lac group was 4-fold greater than that provoked by Lac group. The findings were supported by the pH of the media. The data suggest that the biofilm formed under diurnal exposure to sucrose enhances the cariogenicity of nocturnal exposure to lactose.
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Zhang K, Li J, Lu Z. Oral health status and knowledge of only and non-only children in China. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-3477-y. [PMID: 34616027 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the oral health status and knowledge of only children (OC) and non-only children (NOC), and to explore potential reasons for the differences.Materials and methods This cross-sectional sampling survey included 3,731 children between the ages of 12 and 15 years. The oral health of the subjects was examined, according to the Basic Methods of Oral Health Survey (fifth edition) recommended by the World Health Organisation, and their eating habits, oral health knowledge and oral habits were recorded. EpiData software was used to input data, and SPSS version 19.0 software was used for analysis and comparison.Results The incidence of dental caries and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) in OC (53.2% and 1.53, respectively) were significantly lower than those in NOC (56.2% and 1.86, respectively) (P <0.05). These values were highest in female NOC (63.7%). Gingival bleeding in NOC (78.9%) was significantly higher than that in OC (74.1%) and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The pit and fissure sealant rate of the OC (17.9%) was better than that of the NOC (11.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the oral health attitudes between the two groups, while the scores of the OC were higher than that of the NOC on eight questions of oral health knowledge and awareness, with statistically significant differences for five of the questions (P <0.05). In terms of oral behavioural habits and related factors, the OC scored better than the NOC.Conclusions Our results show that the oral health status of NOC, especially female children, is worrying. When formulating health-related policies, it is necessary to consider these inequalities in adolescents and to provide more resources to the relatively vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Zhenfu Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, China.
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The Relationship between Weaning Method and its Time and Severe Early Childhood Caries. PREVENTIVE CARE IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/pcnm.11.3.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Gomes Silva Cerqueira A, Baraúna Magno M, Barja-Fidalgo F, Vicente-Gomila J, Cople Maia L, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Recommendations from paediatric dentistry associations of the Americas on breastfeeding and sugar consumption and oral hygiene in infants for the prevention of dental caries: A bibliometric review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:664-675. [PMID: 33219571 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Internet provides a plethora of information on health issues related to children's oral health. AIM Identify online recommendations of paediatric dentistry associations of the Americas (PDAAs) regarding breastfeeding practices, weaning, sugar introduction and initiating oral hygiene. DESIGN Websites of PDAAs were accessed to record recommendations/questions (Q) relevant to early childhood that specifically covered issues about exclusive breastfeeding-Q1, indications of bottle feeding-Q2, when and how to start weaning-Q3 and Q4, respectively, association of breast milk and dental caries-Q5, when to start oral hygiene and how to introduce it-Q6 and Q7, respectively, and guidance on the introduction of sugar-Q8. Similarity/dissimilarity frequencies between the associations (Euclidean distances) were calculated. RESULTS From 35 countries on the two American continents, 21 associations were affiliated with the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry and/or the Latin American Pediatric Dentistry Association, whereas eight did not have websites. Higher (P < .05) dissimilarities for Q6 (68.2%), Q7 (72.7%), and Q8 (62.1%) were observed. Results were similar for Q1 and Q5 (P > .05). No association mentioned Q2, Q3 or Q4 responses, whereas Q7 was the most frequently discussed issue. CONCLUSION Not all of the investigated issues are mentioned on websites of PDAAs, potentially stymieing efforts by both the layperson and health professional to gather information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gomes Silva Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barja-Fidalgo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Vicente-Gomila
- Department of Enterprise Management, ESIC Business & Marketing School, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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31
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Park YH, Choi YY. Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Caries in Korean Preschool Children. Int Dent J 2021; 72:392-398. [PMID: 34465483 PMCID: PMC9275199 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between feeding practices and early childhood caries using representative Korean national survey data. Methods Data of 2772 children (aged 1-3 years) from the fourth to seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2018) were analysed. Data on decayed-filled teeth (dft) were obtained, and early childhood caries was determined as dft ≥1. Chi-squared test was performed to examine the experiencing of dental caries by participant characteristics, whilst analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference in dft values amongst the 3 groups (breast-feeding, mixed-feeding, and formula-feeding groups). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between feeding practice and early childhood caries. Results Comparison of the mean dft values amongst the 3 groups showed the highest value in the breast-feeding group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that the likelihood of experiencing dental caries was significantly lower in the mixed-feeding group than in the breast-feeding group, whereas no significant difference was seen between the formula-feeding and breast-feeding groups. The likelihood of early childhood caries was higher in the group that introduced weaning food at ≥6 months than that at 4- to 6-month age, whilst the introduction of cow's milk and use of nutritional supplements had no significant association with the likelihood of early childhood caries. Conclusions Breast-feeding and delayed introduction of weaning food were associated with a higher likelihood of early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Hyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Artificial Intelligence Big Data Medical Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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32
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Impact of Dietary Trajectories on Obesity and Dental Caries in Preschool Children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072240. [PMID: 34209914 PMCID: PMC8308427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of longitudinal dietary trajectories on obesity and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in Australia. Mother–infant dyads from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids study were interviewed at 4 and 8 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Children underwent anthropometric and oral health assessments between 3 and 4 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression analysis were performed for the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the number of tooth surfaces with dental caries, respectively. The intake of core, discretionary, and sugary foods showed distinct quadratic (n = 3) trajectories with age. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 10% (n = 72) and that of early childhood caries (ECC) was 33% (mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score: 1.96). Children with the highest trajectories of discretionary foods intake were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR: 2.51, 95 %CI: 1.16–5.42). Continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months was associated with higher dmfs scores (adjusted IRR: 2.17, 95 %CI: 1.27–3.73). Highest socioeconomic disadvantage was the most significant determinant for overweight or obesity (adjusted OR: 2.86, 95 %CI: 1.11–7.34) and ECC (adjusted IRR: 2.71, 95 %CI: 1.48–4.97). Targeted health promotion interventions should be designed to prevent the incidence of two highly prevalent conditions in preschool children.
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33
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Ricomini Filho AP, de Assis ACM, Costa Oliveira BE, Cury JA. Cariogenic Potential of Human and Bovine Milk on Enamel Demineralization. Caries Res 2021; 55:260-267. [PMID: 34130289 DOI: 10.1159/000516090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The higher cariogenicity of human milk when compared with bovine milk is still a debatable subject. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of human or bovine milk exposure on biofilm composition and enamel demineralization using a validated cariogenic biofilm model. Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms (n = 8) were grown on human saliva-coated bovine enamel slabs of known surface hardness. The biofilms were exposed 8×/day to 0.9% NaCl (negative control), human milk, bovine milk, 7.0% lactose (active human milk control), 4.5% lactose (active bovine milk control), or 10% sucrose (positive control). The culture medium was changed twice daily, and the pH was analyzed as an indicator of biofilm acidogenicity. After 120 h of growth, biofilms were harvested to evaluate viable cells, and soluble and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Enamel demineralization was assessed by the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 5%). In terms of %SHL, negative control (7.7 ± 3.1), human milk control (13.3 ± 7.5), bovine milk control (15.3 ± 8.2), human milk (7.5 ± 5.0), and bovine milk (8.7 ± 6.3) did not differ among them (p > 0.05) but differed (p < 0.05) from sucrose (55.1 ± 5.4). The findings of enamel demineralization (%SHL) were statistically supported by the data of biofilm acidogenicity, bacterial counts and EPS biofilm composition. This experimental study suggests that human and bovine milk have low cariogenic potential to provoke caries lesions in enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bárbara E Costa Oliveira
- Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Ceuma University, UNICEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Jaime A Cury
- Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
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34
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Soares RC, da Rosa SV, Moysés ST, Rocha JS, Bettega PVC, Werneck RI, Moysés SJ. Methods for prevention of early childhood caries: Overview of systematic reviews. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:394-421. [PMID: 33263186 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a global problem, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate systematically the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of methods for ECC prevention. Six electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected the publications and analysed the quality of the included systematic reviews. Thirteen studies were included. Overall, eight reviews were classified with methodological quality critically low using the AMSTAR 2, whereas five reviews achieved a high risk of bias using the ROBIS tool. The methods identified that were positively related to the prevention of ECC were as follows: preventive dental programmes for pregnant women; advice on diet and feeding; prenatal oral health care; integration of maternal and children's oral health promotion into nursing practice; maternal oral health programmes undertaken by non-dental health professionals; dental health education in combination with the use of fluoride for children; early preventive dental visits; and the use of fluoride varnish and toothpastes with more than 1000 ppm of fluoride. The currently available evidence supporting the effectiveness of methods for prevention of ECC, although suggesting some methods of greater potential, is still lacking due to the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and the included primary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cristina Soares
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Saulo Vinicius da Rosa
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Simone Tetu Moysés
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schaia Rocha
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Iani Werneck
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Samuel Jorge Moysés
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Carrillo-Díaz M, Ortega-Martínez AR, Ruiz-Guillén A, Romero-Maroto M, González-Olmo MJ. Impact of Breastfeeding and Cosleeping on Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1561. [PMID: 33917683 PMCID: PMC8067957 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The type and duration of breastfeeding can be key factors in the development of early childhood caries (ECC). The association between nighttime feeding and ECC was investigated. Specifically, whether cosleeping is a potential mediator of children's oral health was investigated, considering many of the etiological factors of caries. In this cross-sectional study, 212 children (aged 2-4 years) from Madrid (Spain) who breastfed at night were examined to assess the mean decayed/filled primary teeth (dft) index, and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers to collect data on the practice of breastfeeding and cosleeping and its duration, the number of nighttime feeding sessions, sugar content in the diet, dental hygiene habits, and age at first dental visit. The dft index was lower in the group that breastfed for less than 18 months (p = 0.02). In addition, there were significant differences in the dft index in the group breastfeeding for more than 18 months between those who coslept for 18 months or more and those who coslept for less than 18 months (p < 0.05), as well as between those who coslept for 18 months or more and those who did not cosleep (p < 0.01). In conclusion, breastfeeding at night from 18 months onwards is considered a risk factor for ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carrillo-Díaz
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ruiz-Guillén
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.J.G.-O.)
| | - María José González-Olmo
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.J.G.-O.)
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36
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Al-Haj Ali SN, Alsineedi F, Alsamari N, Alduhayan G, BaniHani A, Farah RI. Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries Among Preschool Children in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211008308. [PMID: 33861673 PMCID: PMC10454992 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211008308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the risk factors of early childhood caries (ECC) among preschool children from eastern Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, 241 carers and their children from 10 daycares were recruited and asked to complete a questionnaire aimed at assessing their sociodemographic profile and oral health-related behaviors. This was followed by a dental examination of the children by two calibrated dentists. Caries status was recorded using the dmft index. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). The mean dmft of the children was 4.39 (SD ± 4.25). According to logistic regression analysis, children who were bottle-fed between 7 and 12 months (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.110) or breastfed between 13 and 18 months (AOR: 0.028) were less likely to have ECC than those with a prolonged feeding duration (>18 months). Also, those with smoking carers (AOR: 0.176) were less likely to have ECC than those with nonsmoking carers. On the other hand, children who had working carers, mainly mothers, in the education sector (AOR: 11.105), were more likely to have ECC (p < 0.05). The risk factors associated with the presence of ECC among preschool children in eastern Saudi Arabia include the mother's occupation and the carer's smoking status, as well as feeding practices (particularly bottle feeding). These factors can be modified by encouraging carers to completely wean their children (particularly from the bottle) by 18 months of age and advising working mothers to perform tooth brushing for their children in the morning before they go to work and in the evening before the children go to bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa N. Al-Haj Ali
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alsineedi
- Dental Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alsamari
- Dental Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida Alduhayan
- Armed Forces Hospital, King Abdulaziz Naval Base, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ra’fat I. Farah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Untreated dental caries and visible plaque of mothers are not determinant for the incidence of caries in dentin among children: evidence from a 3-year prospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5431-5439. [PMID: 33704570 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether characteristics related to mother's oral health, trajectory of family income, and maternal education are associated with the incidence of caries in dentin in preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-eight mothers and their children were evaluated at baseline and re-evaluated after 3 years. Sociodemographic variables, dental caries, and biofilm of the mothers and children and daily sugar intake of the children were evaluated. Poisson regression was used to evaluate what factor represents risk for the incidence of caries in dentin at four to 6 years of age. RESULTS The risk of the incidence of caries in dentin was 54% higher in children whose mothers had a low level of education at both baseline and follow-up. Children from families with an income lower at baseline and follow-up (RR 2.49; 95% CI 1.62-3.83) and those whose families experienced a reduction in income in this period (RR 2.05; 95% CI 1.29-3.26) had a greater risk of the incidence of caries in dentin. Moreover, children who increased their daily sugar intake (RR 1.67; 95% CI 1.09-2.52), those that maintained high sugar intake (RR 1.81; 95% CI 1.14-2.87), and those with cavitated caries at baseline (RR 1.53; 95% CI 1.19-1.97) had a greater risk of the incidence of caries in dentin. CONCLUSIONS Low mother's education, a lower family income, a reduction in family income, a high frequency of daily sugar intake, and a history of cavitated caries were risk factors for the incidence of caries in dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results could help in the targeting of improved prevention and control strategies for dental caries.
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van Meijeren-van Lunteren AW, Voortman T, Elfrink MEC, Wolvius EB, Kragt L. Breastfeeding and Childhood Dental Caries: Results from a Socially Diverse Birth Cohort Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:153-161. [PMID: 33706311 DOI: 10.1159/000514502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that prolonged breastfeeding increases the risk of caries. However, the observed associations were mainly based on non-European populations, and important confounding and mediating factors like socioeconomic position (SEP) and diet were often neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding practices on dental caries during childhood while accounting for SEP, ethnic background, and sugar intake. This study was part of the Generation R Study, a prospective multiethnic cohort study conducted in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. In total, 4,146 children were included in the analyses. Information about feeding practices was derived from delivery reports and questionnaires during infancy. Caries was measured via intraoral photographs at the age of 6 years and defined as decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft). Negative binomial hurdle regression analyses were used to study the associations between several infant feeding practices and childhood caries. The prevalence of dental caries at the age of 6 years was 27.9% (n = 1,158). Prolonged breastfeeding (for >12 months) was associated with dental caries (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04-1.74) and the number of teeth affected by dental caries (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.56). Furthermore, nocturnal bottle-feeding was associated with dental caries (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.20-1.93). All associations were independent of family SEP, ethnic background, and sugar intake. Results from this Dutch cohort study confirmed the previously observed associations between prolonged breastfeeding and nocturnal bottle-feeding and the increased risk of childhood dental caries, even after proper adjustments for indicators of SEP, ethnic background, and sugar intake. Future studies are encouraged to elaborate further on possible explanations for the observed relationships. Healthcare professionals should be aware and advise caregivers about the potential risk of prolonged breastfeeding on caries development by applying the current recommendations on breastfeeding, oral hygiene, and feeding frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha W van Meijeren-van Lunteren
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Trudy Voortman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E C Elfrink
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Mondzorgcentrum Nijverdal, Nijverdal, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Barroso HH, Mourão PS, Gomes RL, Almeida MTPD, Silva TS, Ramos-Jorge J, Ramos-Jorge ML, Fernandes IB. Influence of breastfeeding duration on the incidence of dental caries in preschoolers: a cohort study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042021000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the incidence of severe caries in preschoolers. Methods: a cohort study was conducted with 132 pairs of mothers and children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. Data collection was performed in 2 moments: when the children were between two and three years of age (baseline- 2013/2014) and after three years (T1-2016/2017). In both moments, children were evaluated for dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS) and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers addressing socioeconomic aspects and thee habits of children. The outcome evaluated was the incidence of severe caries (Dentin caries - ICDAS Codes 5 and 6). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and Poisson hierarchical regression with robust variance. Results: children who breastfed for more than 24 months (RR = 2.24 CI95%= 1.23-4.08), those whose parents were separated (RR = 1.73 CI95%= 1.11-2.69), and those with estab-lished/severe caries (RR = 2.74 CI95%= 1.37-5.49) at baseline were at greater risk of incidence of severe caries after three years. Conclusion: breastfeeding for more than 24 months is a risk factor for incidence of severe caries. In addition, family structure and established or severe baseline caries were associated.
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Yokoi A, Takeuchi N, Ekuni D, Morita M. Association between the incidence of early childhood caries and attending childcare among toddlers in a rural area of Japan: a prospective cohort study. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:118-123. [PMID: 32692586 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1795249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) and factors of the daytime childcare environment among toddlers in a rural area of Japan. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study. Data collected from 2011 to 2015 were obtained for initially caries-free, 18-month-old toddlers (N = 640). Dentists recorded the numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (caries incidence) of toddlers at baseline (age 18 months) and follow-up (age 3 years). In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on guardians at baseline to record data on lifestyle. RESULTS In total, 159 (24.8%) toddlers had newly identified ECC at follow-up. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the incidence of ECC was significantly associated with receiving daytime care at a nursery school (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.30; p = .029), prolonged breastfeeding (OR, 1.71; 95%CI, 1.15-2.55; p = .008), and snacking ≥3 times a day (OR, 2.39; 95%CI, 1.53-3.74; p < .001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that receiving daytime care at a nursery school, prolonged breastfeeding, and frequent snacking are associated with an increased risk of ECC among Japanese toddlers in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yokoi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriko Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Díaz-Cardenas S, Perez-Puello SDC, Ramos-Martínez KDR. Enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia detectadas en atención odontológica y prácticas clave AIEPI. DUAZARY 2021. [DOI: 10.21676/2389783x.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
En el presente estudio se asociaron Enfermedades Prevalentes en la Infancia (EPI), detectadas en atención odontológica, con variables sociodemográficas y prácticas claves AIEPI (Atención Integral a Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia) en binomios madres-niños, menores de 5 años, afrodescendientes de Cartagena-Colombia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en madres de 23.400 niños menores de 5 años. La muestra fue de 548 binomios seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio durante atención odontológica en Jornada de Salud. Se aplicó instrumento de investigaciones operativas en AIEPI (cuestionario); se estimaron EPI ocurridas en los últimos 7 días y prácticas claves AIEPI realizadas frente a estas. Se reportaron frecuencias, proporciones, regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para asociar EPI con variables sociodemográficas y prácticas claves AIEPI. Las EPI detectadas desde la atención odontológica fueron principalmente resfriado, caries dental y diarrea; la práctica clave AIEPI más realizada fue lactancia materna exclusiva (80,4%). Hubo asociación entre la aparición de EPI y no contar con servicios de salud público (RP =1,16; p=0,023), no cepillar los dientes de los niños después de tomar biberón o mamar y antes de dormir (RP=1,08; p=0,022 y RP= 0,90; p=0,006 respectivamente).
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Nepaul P, Mahomed O. Influence of Parents' Oral Health Knowledge and Attitudes on Oral Health Practices of Children (5-12 Years) in a Rural School in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:605-612. [PMID: 33282770 PMCID: PMC7685284 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_273_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Oral health knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of parents have a direct influence on their child's oral health maintenance, dietary habits, and oral health behaviors. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, and attitude of parents with regard to the oral health practice of their children and its associated factors. Material and Methods A self-administered structured questionnaire was administered to parents or guardians of learners aged 5-12 years at a low socioeconomic rural primary school in the Ugu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In addition to demographic variables, knowledge of dental health, use of toothbrush, use of toothpaste, dietary practices, and dental visits; practice with respect to dental care; and attitudes toward oral health were requested. Results One hundred and forty-four completed survey instruments were received with an 80% (118) representation of mothers. Ninety-five percent of the parents (136) had a positive attitude toward oral health with 86% (124) of the children brushed their tongue and 89% (128) of the children brushed their teeth happily. The mean knowledge score was 70%. Children were significantly more likely to brush their tongues (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.20 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-9.66 P < 0.001), be happier when brushing their teeth (AOR: 4.65 95% CI: 1.41-15.38 P < 0.001) when the caregivers were their mothers, had an above-average knowledge score (AOR: 1.86 95% CI: 0.72-4.85) and positive attitudes (AOR: 3.20 95%CI: 0.46-22.00). Conclusion Parents in the rural community have satisfactory knowledge and a positive attitude toward oral health and children display good practices; however, there are a number of gaps noted in overall parental knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prenisha Nepaul
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ozayr Mahomed
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Ramos-Gomez F, Sabbah W. Early childhood caries and its associations with sugar consumption, overweight and exclusive breastfeeding in low, middle and high-income countries: an ecological study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9413. [PMID: 33062406 PMCID: PMC7533058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This ecological study examined the associations between the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), overweight, country’s per capita sugar consumption and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods Per capita consumption of sugar in kilograms, percentage of children exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age, percentage of 0–5-year-old children with overweight status, and percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC were compared among low-income countries (LICs), middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). The association between the prevalence of ECC and the study variables, and the effect modification by income region were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. Regression coefficients, confidence intervals, partial eta squared and P-values for effect modification were calculated. Results The per capita sugar consumption in LICs was significantly lower than in MICs (P = 0.001) and HICs (P < 0.001). The percentage of infants who exclusively breastfed up to 6 months was significantly lower in HICs than in LICs (P < 0.001) and MICs (P = 0.003). The prevalence of overweight was significantly lower in LICs than in MICs (P < 0.001) and HICs (P = 0.021). The prevalence of ECC was significantly lower in HICs than in MICs (P < 0.001). Income was a significant modifier of the associations between the prevalence of ECC, per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.005), and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (P = 0.03). The associations between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption at the global level and for MICs were stronger (partial eta squared = 0.05 and 0.13 respectively) than for LICs and HICs (partial eta squared <0.0001 and 0.003 respectively). Only in MICs was there a significant association between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.002), and between the prevalence of ECC and the percentage of children exclusively breastfed up to 6 months (P = 0.02). Conclusion Though the quantity of sugar consumption and exclusive breastfeeding may be a significant risk indicator for ECC in MICs, sugar consumption may be more of a risk indicator for ECC in HICs than in LICs, and vice versa for exclusive breastfeeding. Although ECC and overweight are both sugar-related diseases, we found no significant relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Francisco Ramos-Gomez
- Division of Growth & Development, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, University of London, London, UK
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Peres KG, Thomson WM, Chaffee BW, Peres MA, Birungi N, Do LG, Feldens CA, Fontana M, Marshall TA, Pitiphat W, Seow WK, Wagner Y, Wong HM, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1321-1331. [PMID: 32680439 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520942208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth cohorts are those among observational studies that provide understanding of the natural history and causality of diseases since early in life. Discussions during an International Association for Dental Research symposium in London, United Kingdom, in 2018, followed by a workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, in 2019, concluded that there are few birth cohort studies that consider oral health and that a broader discussion on similarities and differences among those studies would be valuable. This article aims to 1) bring together available long-term data of oral health birth cohort studies from the low, middle, and high-income countries worldwide and 2) describe similarities and differences among these studies. This work comprises 15 studies from all 5 continents. The most studied dental conditions and exposures are identified; findings are summarized; and methodological differences and similarities among studies are presented. Methodological strengths and weaknesses are also highlighted. Findings are summarized in 1) the negative impact of detrimental socioeconomic status on oral health changes over time, 2) the role of unfavorable patterns of dental visiting on oral health, 3) associations between general and oral health, 4) nutritional and dietary effects on oral health, and 5) intergenerational influences on oral health. Dental caries and dental visiting patterns have been recorded in all studies. Sources of fluoride exposure have been documented in most of the more recent studies. Despite some methodological differences in the way that the exposures and outcomes were measured, some findings are consistent. Predictive models have been used with caries risk tools, periodontitis occurrence, and permanent dentition orthodontic treatment need. The next steps of the group's work are as follows: 1) establishing a consortium of oral health birth cohort studies, 2) conducting a scoping review, 3) exploring opportunities for pooled data analyses to answer pressing research questions, and 4) promoting and enabling the development of the next generation of oral health researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - W M Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B W Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - N Birungi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L G Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C A Feldens
- Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - M Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Pitiphat
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group, and Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - W K Seow
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Y Wagner
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - H M Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A J Rugg-Gunn
- The Borrow Foundation, Waterlooville, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Dahas ZAH, Khormi HAJ, Vishwanathaiah S, Maganur P, Owis AAA, Khanagar SB, Alowi WAM. Correlation of Feeding Practices and Dental Caries among Preschool Children of Jazan, KSA: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:327-331. [PMID: 33149403 PMCID: PMC7586481 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breastfeeding is integral for the healthy development of infants during the first year of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the feeding practices and their effect on dental health among Saudi children in rural Jazan, the southern region of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 participants from two villages namely Baish and Abu-Areesh of Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mothers whose children were above 2 years of age agreed for a face-to-face interview to discuss about feeding practices followed for their children. Later, these children underwent a complete dental examination. RESULTS In this study, it was found that a majority of mothers, 203 (61.15%) of them breastfed their children for less than a year, 105 (31.8%) of them breastfed for 2 to 4 years, and the remaining 22 (6.6%) of them breastfed for more than 4 years. Two hundred and forty-nine (75.15%) moms reported that they added sugar to milk while feeding and 259 (78.4%) mothers reported using sugar with pacifiers. Increased incidence of caries was seen with a statistically significant difference in children who were fed during sleep (p = 0.038), when the infant's teeth were not brushed after feeding (p = 0.004), and when sugar was added while feeding (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Prevalence of dental caries was high in children who were fed during sleep and also in those kids using pacifiers containing sugar. Oral hygiene practices were also inadequate and positively associated with dental caries. These findings are suggestive of developing general and oral health interventions for children and also educating mothers on appropriate feeding practices. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Dahas ZAH, Khormi HAJ, Vishwanathaiah S, et al. Correlation of Feeding Practices and Dental Caries among Preschool Children of Jazan, KSA: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):327-331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarah AH Dahas
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda AJ Khormi
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Satish Vishwanathaiah, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966504188075, e-mail:
| | - Prabhadevi Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan AA Owis
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjeev B Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan AM Alowi
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:139. [PMID: 32398067 PMCID: PMC7218629 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE. METHODS Children aged 3-5 years old (N = 1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and caregivers' oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits (P < 0.05, chi-square tests). Complete breastfeeding within 6 months of birth primarily contributed to the high ECC risk of the 3-year-old group (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.41-8.17), while high frequency bedtime sweet consumption mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03-10.06; logistic regression analysis). Tooth brushing was not associated with ECC in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were positively correlated with a high risk of ECC. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. We should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage preventive dental visit and supplemental training for oral health practices.
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Chanpum P, Duangthip D, Trairatvorakul C, Songsiripradubboon S. Early Childhood Caries and Its Associated Factors among 9- to 18-Month Old Exclusively Breastfed Children in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3194. [PMID: 32375351 PMCID: PMC7246726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the early childhood caries (ECC) status and its risk factors in 9- to 18-month-old exclusively breastfed children in Thailand. Methods: Generally healthy 9- to 18-month-old children who had been exclusively breastfed were recruited. Information on children's oral hygiene practices and breastfeeding behaviors was collected through parental interviews using a questionnaire. Children's oral health status was assessed following the WHO caries diagnostic criteria, modified to record the noncavitated lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to investigate its association with feeding and oral hygiene practices. Results: In total, 513 mother and child dyads (47% boys) were recruited. The prevalence of ECC was 42.5%. The mean (SD) d1mft and d1mfs scores (d1 included noncavitated and cavitated carious teeth/tooth surfaces) were 1.1 (1.4) and 1.3 (2.0), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older children with higher plaque scores (OR = 75.60; 95% CI: 40.19-142.20) who were breastfed to sleep (OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.48-5.49) and never had their teeth cleaned (OR = 8.51; 95% CI: 1.53-47.14), had a significantly higher chance of having ECC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of ECC is high among exclusively breastfed children aged 9-18 months in Thailand. ECC prevalence is significantly associated with the age of children, the level of dental plaque, breastfeeding to sleep, and oral cleaning. Among all factors, the level of dental plaque is the most significant factor associated with ECC among breastfed children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chutima Trairatvorakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Devenish G, Mukhtar A, Begley A, Spencer AJ, Thomson WM, Ha D, Do L, Scott JA. Early childhood feeding practices and dental caries among Australian preschoolers. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:821-828. [PMID: 32047898 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reviews have proposed a causal relationship between prolonged breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC), but the evidence to date is inconsistent, with few cohort studies and limited investigation of key confounders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary practices and early childhood caries in a birth cohort of Australian preschoolers. METHODS Participants underwent a standardized dental examination at 2-3 y of age to determine the prevalence of ECC (based on the presence of decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces). Breastfeeding practices were reported at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Intakes of free sugars were assessed at 1 and 2 y of age. Multivariable regression models generated prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between ECC and breastfeeding duration, and between ECC and sleep feeding practices at 1 y, controlling for sociodemographic factors and free sugars intake. RESULTS There was no independent association between breastfeeding beyond 1 y of age and ECC (PR 1.42, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.38), or between breastfeeding to sleep and ECC (PR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.88), although the direction of effect was suggestive of an association. The only factors independently associated with ECC were high free sugars intakes (PR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.44), and greater socioeconomic disadvantage (PR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.28). Most participants who were breastfed at 1 y of age had ceased by 18 mo or 2 y. CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding practices were not associated with ECC. Given the wide-ranging benefits of breastfeeding, and the low prevalence of sustained breastfeeding in this study and Australia in general, recommendations to limit breastfeeding are unwarranted, and breastfeeding should be promoted in line with global and national recommendations. To reduce the prevalence of early childhood caries, improved efforts are needed to limit foods high in free sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Devenish
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Aqif Mukhtar
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrea Begley
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - A John Spencer
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - W Murray Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Diep Ha
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Loc Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jane A Scott
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
The effects of breastfeeding on the occlusion have been much debated, and it is often suggested that breastfeeding facilitates optimal development of the jaws and the dentition, thus preventing the development of a malocclusion. Despite these claims, the evidence is equivocal, and the majority of studies are of low quality and only assess the deciduous dentition. Therefore, at present there is currently no high quality evidence to support claims that breastfeeding has a positive effect on the occlusion, thus the method of feeding should be chosen due to the health benefits and personal preference, not due to any claims regarding occlusal benefits that cannot be substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Parker
- Post-CCST in Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Hospital and Croydon University Hospital
- Consultant Orthodontist, Croydon University Hospital
| | - Matthew Chia
- Consultant Orthodontist, Croydon University Hospital
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Vukovic A, Schroth R, Gaffar B, Al-Batayneh OB, Amalia R, Arheiam A, Obiyan M, Daryanavard H. Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 32066424 PMCID: PMC7026999 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018–2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (η2) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children’s oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children’s oral health while empowering women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ana Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robert Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Rosa Amalia
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mary Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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