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Dimitrijevic J, Tomovic M, Bradic J, Petrovic A, Jakovljevic V, Andjic M, Živković J, Milošević SĐ, Simanic I, Dragicevic N. Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) Extracts and Their Effects on Healthy and Diseased Skin. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:458. [PMID: 38675119 PMCID: PMC11054180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the botany, phytochemistry and dermatological effects of Punica granatum (PG), with special emphasis on therapeutic mechanisms in various skin conditions. PG peel contains the highest levels of chemical compounds. Due to the high abundance of polyphenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, anthocyanins and flavonoids, exhibiting strong antioxidant properties, PG peel possesses significant health-promoting effects. Up until now, different parts of PG in the form of various extracts, fixed seed oil or individual active compounds have been investigated for various effects on skin conditions in in vitro and in vivo studies, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, chemoprotective and antiaging effects, as well as positive effects on striae distensae, skin repair mechanisms, erythema, pigmentation and psoriasis. Therefore, formulations containing PG active compounds have been used for skincare of diseased and healthy skin. Only a few effects have been confirmed on human subjects. Based on encouraging results obtained in in vitro and animal studies about the numerous substantial dermatological effects of PG active compounds, future perspectives should incorporate more in vivo investigations in human volunteers. This approach can aid in identifying the optimal concentrations and formulations that would be most efficacious in addressing specific skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Dimitrijevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.D.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Marina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.D.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.D.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Anica Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.D.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marijana Andjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.D.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pancic”, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Suzana Đorđević Milošević
- Environment and Sustainable Development, Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Igor Simanic
- Specialized Hospital for Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Prosthetics, Sokobanjska 17, 11000 Beograd, Serbia;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica St., 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nina Dragicevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Ge G, Wang Y, Xu Y, Pu W, Tan Y, Liu P, Ding H, Lu YM, Wang J, Liu W, Ma Y. Induced skin aging by blue-light irradiation in human skin fibroblasts via TGF-β, JNK and EGFR pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 111:52-59. [PMID: 37438186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that blue light (BL) irradiation can damage human skins, but the impact of BL irradiation on skin aging is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to give an insight to phenotypic characteristics and molecular mechanism of blue light-induced skin aging, and thus provide a theoretical basis for the precise protection of photodermatosis. METHODS The effect of BL on skin photoaging in mice was evaluated by non-invasive measurement equipment and histopathology analysis. The effect of BL irradiation on the proliferation of HFF-1 cells was detected by the Real-Time Cell Analyzer. The expression and protein levels of genes associated with skin aging were examined. RESULTS Our studies indicated photoaging caused by BL irradiation, including collagen disorder and increased MMP1. BL irradiation also inhibited cell proliferation and collagen expression in human skin fibroblasts by inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway, based on in vitro experiments. Importantly, BL irradiation promoted the degradation of collagen by increasing MMP1 activated by the JNK/c-Jun and EGFR pathways. Moreover, ROS levels were significantly increased after BL irradiation in human skin fibroblasts. Yet, the transcriptional change in human skin fibroblasts caused by BL irradiation was unable to be completely restored by ROS scavenger. CONCLUSION BL irradiation down-regulated expression of type I collagen genes and up-regulated MMP1 expression to inhibit the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts. Multiple key pathways including TGF-β, JNK, and EGFR signaling were involved in BL-induced skin aging. Our results provide theoretical bases for the protection of photoaging caused by BL irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Meng Lu
- High School Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Six-sector Industrial Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Hossain ME, Tumpa AA, Abrar Ishtiaque GM, Ahmed L, Rauf A, Khalil AA, Al Abdulmonem W, Simal-Gandara J. Pomegranate-specific natural compounds as onco-preventive and onco-therapeutic compounds: Comparison with conventional drugs acting on the same molecular mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18090. [PMID: 37519687 PMCID: PMC10372646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate, scientifically known as Punica granatum, has been a traditional medicinal remedy since ancient times. Research findings have shown that using pomegranate extracts can positively affect a variety of signaling pathways, including those involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, hyperproliferation, cellular transformation, the beginning stages of tumorigenesis, and lastly, a reduction in the final stages of metastasis and tumorigenesis. This is due to the fact that pomegranate extracts are rich in polyphenols, which are known to inhibit the activity of certain signaling pathways. In the United States, cancer is the second biggest cause of death after heart disease. The number of fatalities caused by cancer in the United States escalates yearly. Altering one's diet, getting involved in regular physical activity, and sustaining a healthy body weight are three easy steps an individual may follow to lower their cancer risk. Simply garnishing one's diet with vegetables and fruits has the potential to avert at least 20% of all cancer diagnoses and around 200,000 deaths caused by cancer each year. Vegetables, fruits, and other dietary constituents, such as minerals and phytochemicals, are currently being researched for their potential to prevent cancer. It is being done because they are safe, have minimal toxicity, possess antioxidant properties, and are universally accepted as dietary supplements. Ancient civilizations used the fruit of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) to prevent and cure a number of diseases. The anti-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative qualities of pomegranate have been shown in studies with the fruit, juice, extract, and oil of the pomegranate. Pomegranate has the capacity to affect several signaling pathways, which implies that it may have the potential to be employed not only as a chemopreventive agent but also as a chemotherapeutic drug. This article elaborates on some recent preclinical and clinical research which shows that pomegranate seems to have a role in the prevention and treatment of a number of cancers, including but not limited to breast, bladder, skin, prostate, colon, and lung cancer, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emon Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Limon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Pantiora PD, Balaouras AI, Mina IK, Freris CI, Pappas AC, Danezis GP, Zoidis E, Georgiou CA. The Therapeutic Alliance between Pomegranate and Health Emphasizing on Anticancer Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010187. [PMID: 36671048 PMCID: PMC9855163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate is a fruit bearing-plant that is well known for its medicinal properties. Pomegranate is a good source of phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids. Pomegranate juice and by-products have attracted the scientific interest due to their potential health benefits. Currently, the medical community has showed great interest in exploiting pomegranate potential as a protective agent against several human diseases including cancer. This is demonstrated by the fact that there are more than 800 reports in the literature reporting pomegranate's anticancer properties. This review is an update on the research outcomes of pomegranate's potential against different types of human diseases, emphasizing on cancer. In addition, perspectives of potential applications of pomegranate, as a natural additive aiming to improve the quality of animal products, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota D. Pantiora
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna K. Mina
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos I. Freris
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios C. Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.C.P.); (E.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-529-4437 (A.C.P.); +30-210-529-4415 (E.Z.)
| | - Georgios P. Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Zoidis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.C.P.); (E.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-529-4437 (A.C.P.); +30-210-529-4415 (E.Z.)
| | - Constantinos A. Georgiou
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Venusova E, Kolesarova A, Horky P, Slama P. Physiological and Immune Functions of Punicalagin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072150. [PMID: 34201484 PMCID: PMC8308219 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on the effect of this substance on immune reactions. Punicalagin (PUN) is an ellagitannin found in the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum). It is a polyphenol with proven antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and chemopreventive activities, antiproliferative activity against tumor cells; it inhibits inflammatory pathways and the action of toxic substances, and is highly tolerated. This work describes the source, metabolism, functions and effects of punicalagin, its derivatives and metabolites. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Venusova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-545133146
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6
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Shaikh SB, Bhandary YP. Therapeutic properties of Punica granatum L (pomegranate) and its applications in lung-based diseases: A detailed review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13684. [PMID: 33709449 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the prime cause of death and disability worldwide. The majority of lung-based diseases are resistant to treatment. Hence, research on unique drugs/compounds with a more efficient and minimum side effect for treating lung diseases is urgent. Punica granatum L (pomegranate) fruit has been used in the prevention and treatment of various respiratory disorders in recent times. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that pomegranate fruit, as well as its juice, extract, peel powder, and oil, exert anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-tumorigenic properties by attenuating various respiratory conditions such as asthma, lung fibrosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and alveolar inflammation via modulating various signaling pathways. The current review summarizes the potential properties and medical benefits of pomegranate against different lung-based diseases, also highlighting its possible role in the lung fibrinolytic system. The available data suggest that pomegranate is effective in controlling the disease progressions and could be a potential therapeutic target benefiting human health status. Furthermore, this review also outlines the preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of pomegranate in lung diseases further evoking future studies to investigate the effect of intake of this anti-oxidant fruit in larger and well-defined human clinical trials. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review outlines the putative pharmacologic benefits of P. granatum L (pomegranate) in treating various chronic lung-based diseases such as lung cancer, COPD, ARDS, asthma, lung fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis. This review also highlights the possible inhibitory role of P. granatum L (pomegranate) in the lung fibrinolytic system triggering the fibrinolytic markers. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies using in vitro, in vivo, and human models highlighting the potential role of P. granatum L (pomegranate) in lung diseases. This review evokes future research to investigate the effect of intake of pomegranate fruit in well-defined human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Musial C, Siedlecka-Kroplewska K, Kmiec Z, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Modulation of Autophagy in Cancer Cells by Dietary Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010123. [PMID: 33467015 PMCID: PMC7830598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy is to degrade damaged or unnecessary cellular structures. Both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest a dual role of autophagy in cancer—it may promote the development of neoplasms, but it may also play a tumor protective function. The mechanism of autophagy depends on the genetic context, tumor stage and type, tumor microenvironment, or clinical therapy used. Autophagy also plays an important role in cell death as well as in the induction of chemoresistance of cancer cells. The following review describes the extensive autophagic cell death in relation to dietary polyphenols and cancer disease. The review documents increasing use of polyphenolic compounds in cancer prevention, or as agents supporting oncological treatment. Polyphenols are organic chemicals that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulating properties, and can also initiate the process of apoptosis. In addition, polyphenols reduce oxidative stress and protect against reactive oxygen species. This review presents in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models with the use of polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), oleuropein, punicalgin, apigenin, resveratrol, pterostilbene, or curcumin and their importance in the modulation of autophagy-induced death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Musial
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (Z.K.)
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A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060542. [PMID: 32575730 PMCID: PMC7346205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last 30 years, berries have gained great attention as functional food against several risk factors in chronic diseases. The number of related publications on Pubmed rose from 1000 items in 1990 to more than 11,000 in 2019. Despite the fact that a common and clear definition of "berries" is not shared among different scientific areas, the phytochemical pattern of these fruits is mainly characterized by anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, and tannins, which showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in humans. Skin insults, like wounds, UV rays, and excessive inflammatory responses, may lead to chronic dermatological disorders, conditions often characterized by long-term treatments. The application of berries for skin protection is sustained by long traditional use, but many observations still require a clear pharmacological validation. This review summarizes the scientific evidence, published on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scholar, to identify extraction methods, way of administration, dose, and mechanism of action of berries for potential dermatological treatments. Promising in vitro and in vivo evidence of Punica granatum L. and Vitis vinifera L. supports wound healing and photoprotection, while Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Vaccinium spp. showed clear immunomodulatory effects. Oral or topical administrations of these berries justify the evaluation of new translational studies to validate their efficacy in humans.
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Gómez-García FJ, López López A, Guerrero-Sánchez Y, Sánchez Siles M, Martínez Díaz F, Camacho Alonso F. Chemopreventive effect of pomegranate and cocoa extracts on ultraviolet radiation-induced photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232009. [PMID: 32353018 PMCID: PMC7192448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has a high and increasing incidence all over the world. Solar radiation is the main aetiology for humans. Although most research into photocarcinogenesis uses UVB as a source of radiation, UVA is also carcinogenic in long term. Pomegranate (PGE) and cocoa (CE) extracts have been used for medicinal purposes for time immemorial. Recently, it has been claimed that some of their properties may be an effective preventative measure against photocarcinogenesis and photoaging, but to date in vivo models have not been tested using RUVA, the objective of the present work. A lower incidence of lesions was observed in SKH-1 mice treated with PGE (p<0.001), and lower incidence of invasive squamous carcinoma in both treatment groups (p<0.001 for PGE and p<0.05 for CE); the PGE group also showed a lower level of cell proliferation than the control group (p<0.001). Significantly greater p53 alteration was observed in the control group than the treatment groups (p<0.001 for PGE and p = 0.05 for CE). No significant differences were found in relation to TIMP-1 and MMP-9. Taken together, the results suggest that oral feeding of PGE and CE to SKH-1 mice affords substantial protection against the adverse effects of RUVA, especially PGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Gómez-García
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia López López
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guerrero-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Siles
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fabio Camacho Alonso
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Skarupova D, Vostalova J, Rajnochova Svobodova A. Ultraviolet A protective potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:1-22. [PMID: 32188958 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Skarupova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochova Svobodova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Nguyen JK, Masub N, Jagdeo J. Bioactive ingredients in Korean cosmeceuticals: Trends and research evidence. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1555-1569. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie K. Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA
- Dermatology Service VA New York Harbor Healthcare System – Brooklyn Campus Brooklyn NY USA
| | - Natasha Masub
- Department of Dermatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA
- Dermatology Service VA New York Harbor Healthcare System – Brooklyn Campus Brooklyn NY USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA
- Dermatology Service VA New York Harbor Healthcare System – Brooklyn Campus Brooklyn NY USA
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Li Q, Bai D, Qin L, Shao M, Liu X, Zhang S, Yan C, Yu G, Hao J. Protective Effect of L-Hexaguluroic Acid Hexasodium Salt on UVA-Induced Photo-Aging in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1201. [PMID: 32054061 PMCID: PMC7072793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to show the α-L-Hexaguluroic acid hexasodium salt (G6) protective effect against UVA-induced photoaging of human keratinocyte cells. We found that G6 localized to the mitochondria and improved mitochondrial functions. G6 increased respiratory chain complex activities, which led to increased cellular ATP content and NAD+/NADH ratio. Thus, G6 alleviated the oxidative stress state in UVA-irradiated cells. Moreover, G6 can regulate the SIRT1/pGC-1α pathway, which enhanced the cells' viability and mitochondria energy metabolism. Notably, the anti-photoaging potential of G6 was directly associated with the increased level of MMP and SIRT1, which was followed by the upregulation of pGC-1α, D-LOOP, and Mt-TFA, and with the transcriptional activation of NRF1/NRF2. Taking all of the results together, we conclude that G6 could protect HaCaT cells from UVA-induced photo-aging via the regulation of mitochondria energy metabolism and its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Donghui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengxiu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.L.); (D.B.); (L.Q.); (M.S.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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Kageyama H, Waditee-Sirisattha R. Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Aging Properties of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in the Protection of Skin-Aging. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E222. [PMID: 31013795 PMCID: PMC6521297 DOI: 10.3390/md17040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes photoaging of the skin and induces a number of disorders, including sunburn, fine and coarse wrinkles, and skin cancer risk. Therefore, the application of sunscreen has gained much attention to reduce the harmful effects of UV irradiation on our skin. Recently, there has been a growing demand for the replacement of chemical sunscreens with natural UV-absorbing compounds. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), promising alternative natural UV-absorbing compounds, are a group of widely distributed, low molecular-weight, water-soluble molecules that can absorb UV radiation and disperse the absorbed energy as heat, without generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). More than 30 MAAs have been characterized, from a variety of organisms. In addition to their UV-absorbing properties, there is substantial evidence that MAAs have the potential to protect against skin aging, including antioxidative activity, anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of protein-glycation, and inhibition of collagenase activity. This review will provide an overview of MAAs, as potential anti-aging ingredients, beginning with their structure, before moving on to discuss the most recent experimental observations, including the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which MAAs might protect the skin. In particular, we focus on the potential anti-aging activity of mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakuto Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Abstract
Some vegetable oils have many biological properties, including UV-absorbing capacity. Therefore, their use has been suggested to reduce the content of organic UV-filters in sunscreen products. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of developing oil-based vehicles with a high sun protection factor (SPF) using pomegranate oil (PMG) and shea oil (BPO) in association with different percentages of organic UV-filters (octyl– methoxycinnamate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and bemotrizinol). We characterized the spreadability, occlusion factor, pH, and required hydrophilic lipophilic balance of the resulting formulations, and did not observe relevant differences due to the incorporation of vegetable oils. The in vitro spectrophotometric determinations of SPF values highlighted that the addition of BPO (1% (w/w)) and PMG (1% (w/w)) resulted in an increase in SPF in comparison with the same formulations that contained only organic UV-filters. The SPF increase was more significant for the formulations that contained lower amounts of organic UV-filters. The results of this study supported the hypothesis that including suitable vegetable oils in sunscreen formulations could be a promising strategy to design products with a lower content of organic UV-filters.
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Liu C, Guo H, DaSilva NA, Li D, Zhang K, Wan Y, Gao XH, Chen HD, Seeram NP, Ma H. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum) Phenolics Ameliorate Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Human Keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2019; 54:559-567. [PMID: 34079588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate phenolics have been reported to exert skin beneficial effects but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Herein, we investigated a standardized commercial pomegranate extract (PE; Pomella®) and its phenolics including punicalagin (PA), ellagic acid (EA), and urolithin A (UA) for their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. PE, PA, and EA reduced the production of H2O2-induced ROS in HaCaT cells by 1.03-, 1.37-, and 2.67-fold, respectively. PE, PA, and UA increased the viability of H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells by 89.9, 94.9, and 90.0%, respectively. PE, PA, and UA reduced apoptotic cell populations by 3.39, 7.11, and 8.26%, respectively. In addition, PE, PA and UA decreased H2O2-stimulated caspase-3 level by 2.31-, 2.06-, and 2.68-fold, respectively. The ameliorative effects of this PE and its phenolics against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes support their utilization as natural cosmeceuticals for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.,Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Akhtar S, Ismail T, Layla A. Pomegranate Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bassiri-Jahromi S. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) activity in health promotion and cancer prevention. Oncol Rev 2018; 12:345. [PMID: 29441150 PMCID: PMC5806496 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2018.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most fatal diseases in most countries. In spite of the medical care developing, cancer still remains a significant problem. The majority of the cancers are resistant to treatment. Thus, the research for novel, more efficient and less side effect treatment methods continues. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity, with potential health interests. Research concern in pomegranate is increasing because of their anticancer potential due to possess rich in polyphenols. We highlight the pomegranate potential health benefits and mechanism of cancer progression inhibition. Pomegranate has indicated antiproliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-invasive effects on different cancer cell line in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial. The aim of this review is to evaluate functional properties and the medical benifits of pomegranate against various cancer diseases. In addition, pomegranate properties in in vitro and in vivo experimental human and animal clinical trials and its future use are explored. The available data suggest that Punica granatum (pomegranate) might be used in the control and potential therapeutic for some disease conditions and benefits human health status. This review summarizes in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies highlighting the pomegranate role in prevent and treatment of breast, prostate, lung, colon, skin and hepatocellular cell cancers.
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Therapeutic Effects of Punicalagin Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cells in Association With β-Catenin Signaling Inhibition. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 26:1557-1563. [PMID: 27540692 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of punicalagin, a polyphenol isolated from Punica granatum, on human A2780 ovarian cancer cells in vitro. METHODS The viability of human A2780 ovarian cells was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry analysis. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, β-catenin, cyclin D1, survivin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, and TIMP-3 were measured using Western blot analysis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was determined with gelatin zymography. Wound healing assay was used to determine cell migration. RESULTS Punicalagin inhibited the cell viability of A2780 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the cell cycle of A2780 cells was arrested in G1/S phase transition. The treatment also induced apoptosis as shown by the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. On the other hand, punicalagin treatment increased the expressions of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3, decreased the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and inhibited cell migration. In addition, the β-catenin pathway was suppressed as shown by the down-regulations of β-catenin and its downstream factors including cyclin D1 and survivin. CONCLUSIONS Punicalagin may have cancer-chemopreventive as well as cancer-chemotherapeutic effects against human ovarian cancer in humans through the inhibition of β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Martić R, Krajišnik D, Milić J. Antioxidants of plant origin in cosmetic products: Physicochemical properties and photoprotective potential. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1801001m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Karimi M, Sadeghi R, Kokini J. Pomegranate as a promising opportunity in medicine and nanotechnology. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zaid AN, Jaradat NA, Eid AM, Al Zabadi H, Alkaiyat A, Darwish SA. Ethnopharmacological survey of home remedies used for treatment of hair and scalp and their methods of preparation in the West Bank-Palestine. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:355. [PMID: 28679382 PMCID: PMC5499037 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Natural products have many uses and purposes, including those linked to pharmaceutics and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of natural remedies for the treatment of hair and scalp disorders in the West Bank, Palestine. Methods An ethnopharmacological survey of herbal remedies and other natural products used in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals was carried out in the West Bank, Palestine. A questionnaire was distributed to 267 herbalists, traditional healers, hairdressers and rural dwellers. Collected information included: the names of plants and other natural products, the parts used, hair conditions, diseases and problems for which these products were used and also their methods of preparation. To identify the most important species used, the factor of informant’s consensus (Fic), fidelity level (Fl) and the use-value (UV) were calculated. Results Collected data showed that 41 plants are utilized for the treatment of hair and scalp disorders, belonging to 27 families; among them Lamiaceae and Rosaceae, which were the most commonly used. Plant oils and their fruits are the most commonly used parts. Hair loss, dandruff, split hair endings and lice treatment, are reported as the most treated disorders. The number of plant species used consisted of 19, 14, 13, and again 13 with a factor of informant’s consensus (Fic) for these disorders corresponding to 0.93, 0.94, 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. Fl was 100% for many plants; the highest UV value (0.84) was registered for Lawsonia inermis, which belongs to the Lythraceae family. Conclusions This study showed that many natural remedies are still used in Palestine for the treatment of scalp and hair disorders as well as for cosmeceutical purposes. This study is of great importance as it allows us to have a greater perspective on our folkloric use of these natural products. A combined scientific effort between informants and the scientific community, working in this field, may help in the discovery of new cosmetics, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical products.
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Tang J, Li B, Hong S, Liu C, Min J, Hu M, Li Y, Liu Y, Hong L. Punicalagin suppresses the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells through inhibition of the β-catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1439-1444. [PMID: 28586031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural botanical drugs have attracted attention due to their cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties in cancer. Punicalagin (PUN) is the major bioactive component of pomegranate peel, and has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiproliferation and anticancer properties. PUN has been shown to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PUN on HeLa human cervical cancer cells in vitro. The viability of the HeLa cells was assessed following treatment with PUN (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) for 24, 36 and 48 h using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. In addition, the cell cycle distribution, protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein (Bax), Bcl‑2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, TIMP‑3 and the β‑catenin pathway, and the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9 were analyzed following treatment with PUN (0, 25, 50 and 100 µM) for 36 h using cell cycle analysis, western blot analysis and gelatin zymography, respectively. In addition, a wound‑healing assay was used to detect cell migration. PUN led to a number of effects on the HeLa cells, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration, downregulation of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9, upregulation of TIMP‑2 and TIMP‑3, cell‑cycle arrest in the G1 phase, induction of apoptosis via alterations of Bcl‑2 and Bax, and downregulation of β‑catenin and its downstream proteins, cyclin D1 and c-myc. These results suggested that PUN may have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects against cervical cancer in humans through inhibition of the β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yaodan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Yoon JY, Jeon HO, Kim EJ, Kim CH, Yoon JU, Park BS, Yu SB, Kwak JW. Propofol protects human keratinocytes from oxidative stress via autophagy expression. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2017; 17:21-28. [PMID: 28879325 PMCID: PMC5564133 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2017.17.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The skin consists of tightly connected keratinocytes, and prevents extensive water loss while simultaneously protecting against the entry of microbial pathogens. Excessive cellular levels of reactive oxygen species can induce cell apoptosis and also damage skin integrity. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) has antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated how propofol influences intracellular autophagy and apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Method The following groups were used for experimentation: control, cells were incubated under normoxia (5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2) without propofol; hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cells were exposed to H2O2 (300 µM) for 2 h; propofol preconditioning (PPC)/H2O2, cells pretreated with propofol (100 µM) for 2 h were exposed to H2O2; and 3-methyladenine (3-MA)/PPC/H2O2, cells pretreated with 3-MA (1 mM) for 1 h and propofol were exposed to H2O2. Cell viability, apoptosis, and migration capability were evaluated. Relation to autophagy was detected by western blot analysis. Results Cell viability decreased significantly in the H2O2 group compared to that in the control group and was improved by propofol preconditioning. Propofol preconditioning effectively decreased H2O2-induced cell apoptosis and increased cell migration. However, pretreatment with 3-MA inhibited the protective effect of propofol on cell apoptosis. Autophagy was activated in the PPC/H2O2 group compared to that in the H2O2 group as demonstrated by western blot analysis and autophagosome staining. Conclusion The results suggest that propofol preconditioning induces an endogenous cellular protective effect in human keratinocytes against oxidative stress through the activation of signaling pathways related to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Yoon
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ook Jeon
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul-Hong Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Uk Yoon
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Yu
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kwak
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Panth N, Manandhar B, Paudel KR. Anticancer Activity ofPunica granatum(Pomegranate): A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:568-578. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
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Sharma P, McClees SF, Afaq F. Pomegranate for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: An Update. Molecules 2017; 22:E177. [PMID: 28125044 PMCID: PMC5560105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and those who survive cancer may experience lasting difficulties, including treatment side effects, as well as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial struggles. Naturally-occurring agents from dietary fruits and vegetables have received considerable attention for the prevention and treatment of cancers. These natural agents are safe and cost efficient in contrast to expensive chemotherapeutic agents, which may induce significant side effects. The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit has been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of diseases and ailments for centuries in ancient cultures. Pomegranate exhibits strong antioxidant activity and is a rich source of anthocyanins, ellagitannins, and hydrolysable tannins. Studies have shown that the pomegranate fruit as well as its juice, extract, and oil exert anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumorigenic properties by modulating multiple signaling pathways, which suggest its use as a promising chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of pomegranate in prevention and treatment of skin, breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Sarah F McClees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Therapeutic Effects of Punicalagin Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cells in Association With β-Catenin Signaling Inhibition. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000805 pmid: 27540692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of punicalagin, a polyphenol isolated from Punica granatum, on human A2780 ovarian cancer cells in vitro.MethodsThe viability of human A2780 ovarian cells was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry analysis. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, β-catenin, cyclin D1, survivin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, and TIMP-3 were measured using Western blot analysis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was determined with gelatin zymography. Wound healing assay was used to determine cell migration.ResultsPunicalagin inhibited the cell viability of A2780 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the cell cycle of A2780 cells was arrested in G1/S phase transition. The treatment also induced apoptosis as shown by the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. On the other hand, punicalagin treatment increased the expressions of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3, decreased the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and inhibited cell migration. In addition, the β-catenin pathway was suppressed as shown by the down-regulations of β-catenin and its downstream factors including cyclin D1 and survivin.ConclusionsPunicalagin may have cancer-chemopreventive as well as cancer-chemotherapeutic effects against human ovarian cancer in humans through the inhibition of β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Madrigal-Carballo S, Haas L, Vestling M, Krueger CG, Reed JD. Non-covalent pomegranate (Punica granatum) hydrolyzable tannin-protein complexes modulate antigen uptake, processing and presentation by a T-cell hybridoma line co-cultured with murine peritoneal macrophages. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:960-8. [PMID: 27406472 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1205551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we characterize the interaction of pomegranate hydrolyzable tannins (HT) with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and determine the effects of non-covalent tannin-protein complexes on macrophage endocytosis, processing and presentation of antigen. We isolated HT from pomegranate and complex to HEL, the resulting non-covalent tannin-protein complex was characterized by gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. Finally, cell culture studies and confocal microscopy imaging were conducted on the non-covalent pomegranate HT-HEL protein complexes to evaluate its effect on macrophage antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T-cell hybridomas. Our results indicate that non-covalent pomegranate HT-HEL protein complexes modulate uptake, processing and antigen presentation by mouse peritoneal macrophages. After 4 h of pre-incubation, only trace amounts of IL-2 were detected in the co-cultures treated with HEL alone, whereas a non-covalent pomegranate HT-HEL complex had already reached maximum IL-2 expression. Pomegranate HT may increase rate of endocytose of HEL and subsequent expression of IL-2 by the T-cell hybridomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Madrigal-Carballo
- a National Center for Biotechnological Innovations (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, Edificio Franklin Chang Diaz , San Jose , Costa Rica
| | - Linda Haas
- b Department of Animal Sciences, Reed Research Group , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Martha Vestling
- c Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Christian G Krueger
- b Department of Animal Sciences, Reed Research Group , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Jess D Reed
- b Department of Animal Sciences, Reed Research Group , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
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Potential Effects of Pomegranate Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:938475. [PMID: 26180600 PMCID: PMC4477247 DOI: 10.1155/2015/938475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death and is becoming the leading one in old age. Vegetable and fruit consumption is inversely associated with cancer incidence and mortality. Currently, interest in a number of fruits high in polyphenols has been raised due to their reported chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic potential. Pomegranate has been shown to exert anticancer activity, which is generally attributed to its high content of polyphenols. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of known targets and mechanisms along with a critical evaluation of pomegranate polyphenols as future anticancer agents. Pomegranate evokes antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects, induces apoptosis through the modulation of Bcl-2 proteins, upregulates p21 and p27, and downregulates cyclin-cdk network. Furthermore, pomegranate blocks the activation of inflammatory pathways including, but not limited to, the NF-κB pathway. The strongest evidence for its anticancer activity comes from studies on prostate cancer. Accordingly, some exploratory clinical studies investigating pomegranate found a trend of efficacy in increasing prostate-specific antigen doubling time in patients with prostate cancer. However, the genotoxicity reported for pomegranate raised certain concerns over its safety and an accurate assessment of the risk/benefit should be performed before suggesting the use of pomegranate or its polyphenols for cancer-related therapeutic purposes.
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Abstract
The rise in solar ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface has led to a depletion of stratospheric ozone over recent decades, thus accelerating the need to protect human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation such as erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, and skin cancer. There are many different ways to protect skin against UV radiation's harmful effects. The most popular way to reduce the amount of UV radiation penetrating the skin is topical application of sunscreen products that contain UV absorbing or reflecting active molecules. Based on their protection mechanism, the active molecules in sunscreens are broadly divided into inorganic and organic agents. Inorganic sunscreens reflect and scatter UV and visible radiation, while organic sunscreens absorb UV radiation and then re-emit energy as heat or light. These synthetic molecules have limited concentration according to regulation concern. Several natural compounds with UV absorption property have been used to substitute for or to reduce the quantity of synthetic sunscreen agents. In addition to UV absorption property, most natural compounds were found to act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents, which provide further protection against the damaging effects of UV radiation exposure. Compounds derived from natural sources have gained considerable attention for use in sunscreen products and have bolstered the market trend toward natural cosmetics. This adds to the importance of there being a wide selection of active molecules in sunscreen formulations. This paper summarizes a number of natural products derived from propolis, plants, algae, and lichens that have shown potential photoprotection properties against UV radiation exposure-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisakorn Saewan
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiangrai, Thailand
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Hseu YC, Tsai YC, Huang PJ, Ou TT, Korivi M, Hsu LS, Chang SH, Wu CR, Yang HL. The dermato-protective effects of lucidone from Lindera erythrocarpa through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated human skin keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Zarfeshany A, Asgary S, Javanmard SH. Potent health effects of pomegranate. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:100. [PMID: 24800189 PMCID: PMC4007340 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.129371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data clearly claimed that Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) has several health benefits. Pomegranates can help prevent or treat various disease risk factors including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and inflammatory activities. It is demonstrated that certain components of pomegranate such as polyphenols have potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. The antioxidant potential of pomegranate juice is more than that of red wine and green tea, which is induced through ellagitannins and hydrosable tannins. Pomegranate juice can reduce macrophage oxidative stress, free radicals, and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, pomegranate fruit extract prevents cell growth and induces apoptosis, which can lead to its anticarcinogenic effects. In addition, promoter inhibition of some inflammatory markers and their production are blocked via ellagitannins. In this article, we highlight different studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate and their suggested mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Zarfeshany
- Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
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Syed DN, Chamcheu JC, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Pomegranate extracts and cancer prevention: molecular and cellular activities. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 13:1149-61. [PMID: 23094914 DOI: 10.2174/1871520611313080003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increased appreciation by the scientific community that dietary phytochemicals can be potential weapons in the fight against cancer. Emerging data has provided new insights into the molecular and cellular framework needed to establish novel mechanism-based strategies for cancer prevention by selective bioactive food components. The unique chemical composition of the pomegranate fruit, rich in antioxidant tannins and flavonoids has drawn the attention of many investigators. Polyphenol rich fractions derived from the pomegranate fruit have been studied for their potential chemopreventive and/or cancer therapeutic effects in several animal models. Although data from in vitro and in vivo studies look convincing, well designed clinical trials in humans are needed to ascertain whether pomegranate can become part of our armamentarium against cancer. This review summarizes the available literature on the effects of pomegranate against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeba N Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Singh M, Suman S, Shukla Y. New Enlightenment of Skin Cancer Chemoprevention through Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and the Underlying Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:243452. [PMID: 24757666 PMCID: PMC3976810 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Skin overexposure to ultraviolet irradiations, chemicals, and several viruses has a capability to cause severe skin-related disorders including immunosuppression and skin cancer. These factors act in sequence at various steps of skin carcinogenesis via initiation, promotion, and/or progression. These days cancer chemoprevention is recognized as the most hopeful and novel approach to prevent, inhibit, or reverse the processes of carcinogenesis by intervention with natural products. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and carcinogen detoxification capabilities thereby considered as efficient chemopreventive agents. Considerable efforts have been done to identify the phytochemicals which may possibly act on one or several molecular targets that modulate cellular processes such as inflammation, immunity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Till date several phytochemicals in the light of chemoprevention have been studied by using suitable skin carcinogenic in vitro and in vivo models and proven as beneficial for prevention of skin cancer. This revision presents a comprehensive knowledge and the main molecular mechanisms of actions of various phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shankar Suman
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Kumar KJS, Yang HL, Tsai YC, Hung PC, Chang SH, Lo HW, Shen PC, Chen SC, Wang HM, Wang SY, Chou CW, Hseu YC. Lucidone protects human skin keratinocytes against free radical-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through the up-regulation of HO-1/Nrf2 antioxidant genes and down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:55-66. [PMID: 23712098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of lucidone, a naturally occurring cyclopentenedione isolated from the fruits of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino, against free-radical and inflammation stimulator 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, with the aim of revealing the possible mechanisms underlying the protective efficacy. Lucidone pretreatment (0.5-10 μg/mL) markedly increased HaCaT cell viability and suppressed AAPH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Notably, the antioxidant potential of lucidone was directly correlated with the increased expression of an antioxidant gene, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which was followed by the augmentation of the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), with or without AAPH. Nrf2 knockdown diminished the protective effects of lucidone. We also observed that lucidone pretreatment inhibited AAPH-induced inflammatory chemokine prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in HaCaT cells. Lucidone treatment also significantly inhibited AAPH-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and suppressing the degradation of inhibitor-κB (I-κB). Furthermore, lucidone significantly diminished AAPH-induced COX-2 expression through the down-regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, lucidone may possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may be useful for the prevention of free radical-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Senthil Kumar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Punica granatum. EDIBLE MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122081 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5653-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ellagic acid protects human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells against UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf-2 antioxidant genes. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1245-55. [PMID: 22386815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UV radiation from the sun is a potent environmental risk factor in the pathogenesis of skin damage. Much of the skin damage caused by ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation from the sun is associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of ellagic acid (25-75 μM), a natural antioxidant, against UVA (5-20 J/cm(2))-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and to reveal the possible mechanisms underlying this protective efficacy. Ellagic acid pre-treatment markedly increased HaCaT cell viability and suppressed UVA-induced ROS generation and MDA formation. Moreover, ellagic acid pre-treatment prevented UVA-induced DNA damage as evaluated by the comet assay. Ellagic acid treatment also significantly inhibited the UVA-induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells, as measured by a reduction of DNA fragmentation, mitochondria dysfunction, ER stress, caspase-3 activation, and Bcl-2/Bax deregulation. Notably, the antioxidant potential of ellagic acid was directly correlated with the increased expression of HO-1 and SOD, which was followed by the downregulation of Keap1 and the augmented nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of Nrf2 with or without UVA irradiation. Nrf2 knockdown diminished the protective effects of ellagic acid. Therefore, ellagic acid may be useful for the treatment of UVA-induced skin damage.
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Ben-Simhon Z, Judeinstein S, Nadler-Hassar T, Trainin T, Bar-Ya'akov I, Borochov-Neori H, Holland D. A pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) WD40-repeat gene is a functional homologue of Arabidopsis TTG1 and is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during pomegranate fruit development. PLANTA 2011; 234:865-81. [PMID: 21643990 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the major pigments responsible for the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit skin color. The high variability in fruit external color in pomegranate cultivars reflects variations in anthocyanin composition. To identify genes involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in the pomegranate fruit skin we have isolated, expressed and characterized the pomegranate homologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), encoding a WD40-repeat protein. The TTG1 protein is a regulator of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, and acts by the formation of a transcriptional regulatory complex with two other regulatory proteins: bHLH and MYB. Our results reveal that the pomegranate gene, designated PgWD40, recovered the anthocyanin, PAs, trichome and seed coat mucilage phenotype in Arabidopsis ttg1 mutant. PgWD40 expression and anthocyanin composition in the skin were analyzed during pomegranate fruit development, in two accessions that differ in skin color intensity and timing of appearance. The results indicate high positive correlation between the total cyanidin derivatives quantity (red pigments) and the expression level of PgWD40. Furthermore, strong correlation was found between the steady state levels of PgWD40 transcripts and the transcripts of pomegranate homologues of the structural genes PgDFR and PgLDOX. PgWD40, PgDFR and PgLDOX expression also correlated with the expression of pomegranate homologues of the regulatory genes PgAn1 (bHLH) and PgAn2 (MYB). On the basis of our results we propose that PgWD40 is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during pomegranate fruit development and that expression of PgWD40, PgAn1 and PgAn2 in the pomegranate fruit skin is required to regulate the expression of downstream structural genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anthocyanins/analysis
- Anthocyanins/biosynthesis
- Anthocyanins/genetics
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Fruit/genetics
- Fruit/growth & development
- Fruit/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Regulator
- Lythraceae/genetics
- Lythraceae/growth & development
- Lythraceae/metabolism
- Lythraceae/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phenotype
- Pigmentation
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/metabolism
- Plant Leaves/physiology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Proanthocyanidins/biosynthesis
- Proanthocyanidins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/growth & development
- Seeds/physiology
- Sequence Alignment
- Time Factors
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Ben-Simhon
- Unit of Deciduous Fruit Tree Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, 30095, Ramat Yishay, Israel.
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Filip A, Daicoviciu D, Clichici S, Bolfa P, Catoi C, Baldea I, Bolojan L, Olteanu D, Muresan A, Postescu ID. The effects of grape seeds polyphenols on SKH-1 mice skin irradiated with multiple doses of UV-B. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 105:133-42. [PMID: 21925895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the protective activity of red grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L, Burgund Mare variety) (BM) extracts in vivo on multiple doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV)-B-induced deleterious effects in SKH-1 mice skin. Eighty 8-weeks-old female SKH-1 mice were divided into 8 groups: control, vehicle, UV-B irradiated, vehicle+UV-B irradiated, BM 2.5mg polyphenols (PF)/cm(2)+UV-B irradiated, BM 4 mg PF/cm(2)+UV-B irradiated, UV-B+BM 2.5mg PF/cm(2), UV-B+BM 4 mg PF/cm(2). The extract was applied topically before or after each UV-B exposure (240 mJ/cm(2)), for 10 days consecutively. The antioxidant activity of BM extract is higher than gallic acid (k(BM)=0.017, k(gallic acid)=0.013). Multiple doses of UV-B generated the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and sunburn cells, increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities respectively glutathione (GSH) and IL-1β levels in skin. In group treated with 2.5mg PF/cm(2) before UV-B irradiation BM extract inhibited UV-B-induced sunburn cells, restored the superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, increased insignificantly CAT and GPx activities and reduced IL-1β level. The BM 4.0 mg PF/cm(2) treatment decreased GSH level and reduced the percentage of CPDs positive cells in skin. Both doses of BM extract administered after UV-B irradiation increased the MnSOD and GPx activities and reduced the formation of sunburn cells in skin. Our results suggest that BM extract might be a potential chemo-preventive candidate in reducing the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by multiple doses of UV-B in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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El Kar C, Ferchichi A, Attia F, Bouajila J. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juices: Chemical Composition, Micronutrient Cations, and Antioxidant Capacity. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C795-800. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Johanningsmeier SD, Harris GK. Pomegranate as a Functional Food and Nutraceutical Source. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:181-201. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030810-153709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- USDA-ARS Food Science Research Unit Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
| | - G. Keith Harris
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
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Viuda-Martos M, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Álvarez J. Pomegranate and its Many Functional Components as Related to Human Health: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:635-654. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Svobodová A, Vostálová J. Solar radiation induced skin damage: review of protective and preventive options. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:999-1030. [PMID: 20807180 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.501842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solar energy has a number of short- and long-term detrimental effects on skin that can result in several skin disorders. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on endogenous systems within the skin for protection from solar radiation and present research findings to date, on the exogenous options for such skin photoprotection. RESULTS Endogenous systems for protection from solar radiation include melanin synthesis, epidermal thickening and an antioxidant network. Existing lesions are eliminated via repair mechanisms. Cells with irreparable damage undergo apoptosis. Excessive and chronic sun exposure however can overwhelm these mechanisms leading to photoaging and the development of cutaneous malignancies. Therefore exogenous means are a necessity. Exogenous protection includes sun avoidance, use of photoprotective clothing and sufficient application of broad-spectrum sunscreens as presently the best way to protect the skin. However other strategies that may enhance currently used means of protection are being investigated. These are often based on the endogenous protective response to solar light such as compounds that stimulate pigmentation, antioxidant enzymes, DNA repair enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants. CONCLUSION More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of new alternatives to photoprotection such as use of DNA repair and antioxidant enzymes and plant polyphenols and to find an efficient way for their delivery to the skin. New approaches to the prevention of skin damage are important especially for specific groups of people such as (young) children, photosensitive people and patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Changes in public awareness on the subject too must be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Svobodová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Botanical extracts and single compounds are increasingly used in cosmetics but also in over-the-counter drugs and food supplements. The focus of the present review is on controlled clinical trials with botanicals in the treatment of acne, inflammatory skin diseases, skin infections, UV-induced skin damage, skin cancer, alopecia, vitiligo, and wounds. Studies with botanical cosmetics and drugs are discussed, as well as studies with botanical food supplements. Experimental research on botanicals was considered to a limited extent when it seemed promising for clinical use in the near future. In acne therapy, Mahonia, tea tree oil, and Saccharomyces may have the potential to become standard treatments. Mahonia, Hypericum, Glycyrrhiza and some traditional Chinese medicines appear promising for atopic dermatitis. Some plant-derived substances like dithranol and methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) [in combination with UVA] are already accepted as standard treatments in psoriasis; Mahonia and Capsicum (capsaicin) are the next candidates suggested by present evidence. Oral administration and topical application of antioxidant plant extracts (green and black tea, carotenoids, coffee, and many flavonoids from fruits and vegetables) can protect skin from UV-induced erythema, early aging, and irradiation-induced cancer. Hair loss and vitiligo are also traditional fields of application for botanicals. According to the number and quality of clinical trials with botanicals, the best evidence exists for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, i.e. atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. However, many more controlled clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy and risks of plant-derived products in dermatology. Safety aspects, especially related to sensitization and photodermatitis, have to be taken into account. Therefore, clinicians should not only be informed of the beneficial effects but also the specific adverse effects of botanicals used for dermatologic disorders and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Reuter
- Competence Center Skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Adhami VM, Khan N, Mukhtar H. Cancer chemoprevention by pomegranate: laboratory and clinical evidence. Nutr Cancer 2010; 61:811-5. [PMID: 20155621 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903285064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate fruit from the tree Punica granatum has been dubbed as the "nature's power fruit." Dating back to Biblical times, the tree itself is attributed to possess extraordinary medicinal properties. The geographical distribution of the tree, being native to the Middle East and some Asian countries, is generally attributed to a lack of interest in its medicinal properties by many western scientists. However, the unique biochemical composition of the pomegranate fruit being rich in antioxidant tannins and flavonoids has recently drawn attention of many investigators to study its exceptional healing qualities. Recent research has shown that pomegranate extracts selectively inhibit the growth of breast, prostate, colon and lung cancer cells in culture. In preclinical animal studies, oral consumption of pomegranate extract inhibited growth of lung, skin, colon and prostate tumors. An initial phase II clinical trial of pomegranate juice in patients with prostate cancer reported significant prolongation of prostate specific antigen doubling time. This review focuses on recent investigations into the effects of pomegranate fruit on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaqar Mustafa Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Bae JY, Choi JS, Kang SW, Lee YJ, Park J, Kang YH. Dietary compound ellagic acid alleviates skin wrinkle and inflammation induced by UV-B irradiation. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:e182-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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