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Núñez A, Belmonte I, Miranda E, Barrecheguren M, Farago G, Loeb E, Pons M, Rodríguez-Frías F, Gabriel-Medina P, Rodríguez E, Genescà J, Miravitlles M, Esquinas C. Association between circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin polymers and lung and liver disease. Respir Res 2021; 22:244. [PMID: 34526035 PMCID: PMC8442448 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is considered one of the most common genetic diseases and is characterised by the misfolding and polymerisation of the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein within hepatocytes. The relevance of circulating polymers (CP) of AAT in the pathogenesis of lung and liver disease is not completely understood. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to determine whether there is an association between the levels of CP of AAT and the severity of lung and liver disease. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study in patients with different phenotypes of AATD and controls. To quantify CP, a sandwich ELISA was performed using the 2C1 monoclonal antibody against AAT polymers. Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and liver and lung parameters were collected. RESULTS A cohort of 70 patients was recruited: 32 Pi*ZZ (11 on augmentation therapy); 29 Z-heterozygous; 9 with other genotypes. CP were compared with a control group of 47 individuals (35 Pi*MM and 12 Pi*MS). ZZ patients had the highest concentrations of CP (p < 0.001) followed by Z heterozygous. The control group and patients with Pi*SS and Pi*SI had the lowest CP concentrations. Pi*ZZ also had higher levels of liver stiffness measurements (LSM) than the remaining AATD patients. Among patients with one or two Z alleles, two patients with lung and liver impairment showed the highest concentrations of CP (47.5 µg/mL), followed by those with only liver abnormality (n = 6, CP = 34 µg/mL), only lung (n = 18, CP = 26.5 µg/mL) and no abnormalities (n = 23, CP = 14.3 µg/mL). Differences were highly significant (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Non-augmented Pi*ZZ and Z-patients with impaired lung function and increased liver stiffness presented higher levels of CP than other clinical phenotypes. Therefore, CP may help to identify patients more at risk of developing lung and liver disease and may provide some insight into the mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Núñez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Belmonte
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, 'Charles Darwin' and Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Barrecheguren
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Farago
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Loeb
- Pneumology Department, Teknon Medical Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Pons
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Frías
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Group/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gabriel-Medina
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Genescà
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Thangavelu G, Blazar BR. Achievement of Tolerance Induction to Prevent Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:309. [PMID: 30906290 PMCID: PMC6419712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) limits the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), a main therapy to treat various hematological disorders. Despite rapid progress in understanding GVHD pathogenesis, broad immunosuppressive agents are most often used to prevent and remain the first line of therapy to treat GVHD. Strategies enhancing immune tolerance in allo-HSCT would permit reductions in immunosuppressant use and their associated undesirable side effects. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms responsible for GVHD and advancement in strategies to achieve immune balance and tolerance thereby avoiding GVHD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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3
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Chambers JE, Dickens JA, Marciniak SJ. Measuring the effects of α 1 -antitrypsin polymerisation on the structure and biophysical properties of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biol Cell 2018; 110:249-255. [PMID: 30129166 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An important function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is to serve as a site of secretory protein folding. When the accumulation of misfolded proteins threatens to disturb luminal homoeostasis, the cell is said to experience ER stress. By contrast, the accumulation of well-folded proteins inside the ER leads to a distinct form of strain called ER overload. The serpins comprise a large family of proteins whose folding has been studied in great detail. Some mutant serpins misfold to cause ER stress, whereas others fold but then polymerise to cause ER overload. We discuss recent advances in the use of dynamic fluorescence imaging to study these phenomena. We also discuss a new technique that we recently published, rotor-based organelle viscosity imaging (ROVI), which promises to shed more light on the biophysical features of ER stress and ER overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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4
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Kim M, Cai Q, Oh Y. Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:131-135. [PMID: 30286568 PMCID: PMC6177666 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an alpha globulin glycoprotein, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. The clinical significance of AAT is highlighted by AAT deficiency. Genetic deficiency of AAT can present as several neutrophilic diseases associated with emphysema, liver cirrhosis, panniculitis, and systemic vasculitis. Recently, animal and human studies have shown that AAT can control inflammatory, immunological, and tissue-protective responses. In addition, AAT treatment can prevent overt hyperglycemia, increase insulin secretion, and reduce cytokine-mediated apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. These multifunctional roles of AAT draw attention to the glycoprotein's therapeutic potential for many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases beyond AAT deficiency. As underlying mechanisms, recent studies have suggested the importance of serine protease inhibitory activity of AAT in obesity-associated insulin resistance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. In this review, we explore the multiple functions of AAT, in particular, the anti-inflammatory and serine protease inhibitory functions, and AAT's therapeutic potential in a variety of human diseases through published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Youngman Oh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Address for correspondence: Youngman Oh, PhD Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall St., P.O. Box 980662, Richmond, VA 23298-0662, USA Tel: +1-804-827-1324 Fax: +1-804-828-9749 E-mail:
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5
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α1-Antitrypsin Polymerizes in Alveolar Macrophages of Smokers With and Without α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency. Chest 2018; 154:607-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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6
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Kumar M, Varun CN, Dey G, Ravikumar R, Mahadevan A, Shankar SK, Prasad TSK. Identification of Host-Response in Cerebral Malaria Patients Using Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1600187. [PMID: 29389080 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to study the altered proteome in the frontal lobe of patients with CM. Unbiased analysis of differentially abundant proteins could lead to identification of host responses against Plasmodium falciparum infection, which will aid in better understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathophysiology in CM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry is employed. In brief, proteins are isolated from frontal lobe samples, which are collected at autopsy from three cases of CM and three control subjects. Equal amounts of protein from each case are digested using trypsin and labeled with different TMT reagents. The pooled sample is fractionated using strong cation exchange chromatography and analyzed on Orbitrap Fusion in triplicates. For accurate quantitation of peptides, the samples are analyzed in MS3 mode. The data is searched against a combined database of human and P. falciparum proteins using Sequest and Mascot search engines. RESULTS A total of 4174 proteins are identified, of which, 107 are found to be differentially abundant in the test samples with significant p-value (<0.05). Proteins associated with biological processes such as innate immune response, complement system, coagulation, and platelet activation are found to be elevated in CM cases. In contrast, proteins associated with myelination, oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and sodium and calcium ions transport are found to be depleted in response to CM. In addition, three P. falciparum proteins exclusively in CM brain samples are also identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study signifies neuronal assault due to axonal injury, altered sodium and calcium ion channels, deregulated inflammation and demyelination as a part of host response to CM. Enhanced oxidative stress, repressed oxidative phosphorylation, and demyelination of axons may contribute to the severity of the disease. Further validation of these results on a large cohort can provide leads in the development of neuroprotective therapies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chakrakodi N Varun
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Raju Ravikumar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Tsai JJ, Kuo HC, Lee KF, Tsai TH. Proteomic analysis of plasma from rats following total parenteral nutrition-induced liver injury. Proteomics 2015; 15:3865-74. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Jen Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University Hospital; I-Lan Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center CGUST; Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi; Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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8
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Peng L, Liu J, Li YM, Huang ZL, Wang PP, Zheng YB, Hua YP, Gao ZL. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of hepatic tissues from patients with hepatitis B virus-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1732-1742. [PMID: 26640544 PMCID: PMC4665371 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), a serious and prevalent medical condition, is not clear, particularly with regard to which proteins are expressed in the course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to identify the differences in hepatic tissue protein expression between normal human subjects and patients with ACLF using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis and to verify the results using western blot analysis. The iTRAQ method was used to analyze the protein contents of hepatic tissue samples from 3 patients with HBV-induced ACLF and 3 normal healthy subjects. The results were verified by subjecting the hepatic tissues from 2 patients with HBV-induced ACLF and 4 healthy subjects to western blot analysis. In total, 57 proteins with ≥1.5-fold differences between patients with HBV-induced ACLF and healthy subjects were identified using iTRAQ. Among these 57 proteins, 4 with the most marked differences in their expression and the most significant association with liver disease were selected to be verified through western blot analysis: Keratin, type-I cytoskeletal 19; α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (α1-AGP); carbonic anhydrase-1; and serpin peptidase inhibitor and clade A (α-1 anti proteinase, antitrypsin) member 1 (SERPINA1). The results of the western blot analyses were nearly identical to the iTRAQ results. Identifying the differences in liver protein expression in patients with HBV-induced ACLF may provide a basis for studies on the pathogenesis of ACLF. Future studies should focus particularly on α1-AGP, carbonic anhydrase 1 and SERPINA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Mei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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McCarthy C, Saldova R, Wormald MR, Rudd PM, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. The Role and Importance of Glycosylation of Acute Phase Proteins with Focus on Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Conditions. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3131-43. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500146y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cormac McCarthy
- Respiratory
Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research
and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark R Wormald
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research
and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Noel G. McElvaney
- Respiratory
Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emer P. Reeves
- Respiratory
Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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10
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Longer telomere length in COPD patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency independent of lung function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95600. [PMID: 24763308 PMCID: PMC3998943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of airway obstruction in α1-antitrypsin deficient patients. This may result in a shortening of telomere length, resulting in cellular senescence. To test whether telomere length differs in α1-antitrypsin deficient patients compared with controls, we measured telomere length in DNA from peripheral blood cells of 217 α1-antitrypsin deficient patients and 217 control COPD patients. We also tested for differences in telomere length between DNA from blood and DNA from lung tissue in a subset of 51 controls. We found that telomere length in the blood was significantly longer in α1-antitrypsin deficient COPD patients compared with control COPD patients (p = 1×10−29). Telomere length was not related to lung function in α1-antitrypsin deficient patients (p = 0.3122) or in COPD controls (p = 0.1430). Although mean telomere length was significantly shorter in the blood when compared with the lungs (p = 0.0078), telomere length was correlated between the two tissue types (p = 0.0122). Our results indicate that telomere length is better preserved in α1-antitrypsin deficient COPD patients than in non-deficient patients. In addition, measurement of telomere length in the blood may be a suitable surrogate for measurement in the lung.
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Jiang D, Persinger R, Wu Q, Gross A, Chu HW. α1-Antitrypsin promotes SPLUNC1-mediated lung defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice. Respir Res 2013; 14:122. [PMID: 24209388 PMCID: PMC3829673 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection is involved in various lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, treatment of PA infection is not very effective in part due to antibiotic resistance. α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) has been shown to reduce PA infection in humans and animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The goal of our study is to test whether a novel endogenous host defense protein, short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1), is involved in the therapeutic effect of A1AT during lung PA infection. Method SPLUNC1 knockout (KO) and littermate wild-type (WT) mice on the C57BL/6 background were intranasally infected with PA to determine the therapeutic effects of A1AT. A1AT was aerosolized to mice 2 hrs after the PA infection, and mice were sacrificed 24 hrs later. PA load and inflammation were quantified in the lung, and SPLUNC1 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was examined by Western blot. Results In WT mice, PA infection significantly increased neutrophil elastase (NE) activity, but reduced SPLUNC1 protein in BAL fluid. Notably, PA-infected mice treated with A1AT versus bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrated higher levels of SPLUNC1 protein expression, which are accompanied by lower levels of NE activity, lung bacterial load, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. To determine whether A1AT therapeutic effects are dependent on SPLUNC1, lung PA load in A1AT- or BSA-treated SPLUNC1 KO mice was examined. Unlike the WT mice, A1AT treatment in SPLUNC1 KO mice had no significant impact on lung PA load and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Conclusion A1AT reduces lung bacterial infection in mice in part by preventing NE-mediated SPLUNC1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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12
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Zhao Z, Miao Y, Pan P, Cheng B, Bai G, Wu H. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan alleviates asthma through multi-target network regulation. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:206. [PMID: 23919426 PMCID: PMC3765495 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan (QFXY), a traditional Chinese formula, is widely used for relieving cough, asthma, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, and etc. in clinic. Comparing with other anti-asthma drugs, it is characterised with moderate and persistent efficacy as well as few side effects, however, the underlying action mechanism still remains elusive. This study aimed to identify QFXY multi-target network regulation as an asthma controller. METHODS This study established asthma model induced by histamine phosphate and acetylcholine chloride (His&Ach) in guinea pigs, which then were administered orally with QFXY. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining sections were applied for evaluating QFXY effect. In both Model and QFXY groups, customized microarrays and 2D electrophoresis were adopted to detect differentially expressed genes (diff genes) and proteins (diff proteins) respectively, and some diff proteins were identified with MALDI-TOF/MS. The checked diff genes and proteins underwent Cluster, GO and KEGG analysis. Based on GAD and HPRD databases, QFXY-asthma target regulation network was constructed. RESULTS His&Ach-induced asthma model of guinea pigs was established. HE sections presented anti-inflammation and anti-remodelling effects of QFXY. Comparing with the Model group, 55 diff genes and 6 diff proteins were identified in QFXY group. Validation by qPCR and Western blot showed the microarray and 2D data reliable. Furthermore, QFXY-asthma target regulation network was achieved. CONCLUSIONS A primarily combined genomic and proteomic screening of QFXY targets displayed a series of candidate genes and proteins, which indicated that the effect of QFXY relied on the combined mechanism, anti-inflammation and anti-remodelling, as well as influencing signal transduction in vivo.
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13
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Goldstein S, Reddy P. Tolerance without toxicity? α1-antitrypsin as a novel alternative to immunosuppression. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8:397-9. [PMID: 22882212 DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bouchecareilh M, Hutt DM, Szajner P, Flotte TR, Balch WE. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)-mediated correction of α1-antitrypsin deficiency. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38265-78. [PMID: 22995909 PMCID: PMC3488095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.404707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin (α1AT) deficiency (α1ATD) is a consequence of defective folding, trafficking, and secretion of α1AT in response to a defect in its interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis machineries. The most common and severe form of α1ATD is caused by the Z-variant and is characterized by the accumulation of α1AT polymers in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver leading to a severe reduction (>85%) of α1AT in the serum and its anti-protease activity in the lung. In this organ α1AT is critical for ensuring tissue integrity by inhibiting neutrophil elastase, a protease that degrades elastin. Given the limited therapeutic options in α1ATD, a more detailed understanding of the folding and trafficking biology governing α1AT biogenesis and its response to small molecule regulators is required. Herein we report the correction of Z-α1AT secretion in response to treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), acting in part through HDAC7 silencing and involving a calnexin-sensitive mechanism. SAHA-mediated correction restores Z-α1AT secretion and serpin activity to a level 50% that observed for wild-type α1AT. These data suggest that HDAC activity can influence Z-α1AT protein traffic and that SAHA may represent a potential therapeutic approach for α1ATD and other protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Terence R. Flotte
- the Department of Pediatrics and Gene Therapy Center UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - William E. Balch
- From the Department of Cell Biology
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemical Physiology, and
- the Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
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15
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Lewis EC. Expanding the clinical indications for α(1)-antitrypsin therapy. Mol Med 2012; 18:957-70. [PMID: 22634722 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α(1)-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a 52-kDa circulating serine protease inhibitor. Production of AAT by the liver maintains 0.9-1.75 mg/mL circulating levels. During acute-phase responses, circulating AAT levels increase more than fourfold. In individuals with one of several inherited mutations in AAT, low circulating levels increase the risk for lung, liver and pancreatic destructive diseases, particularly emphysema. These individuals are treated with lifelong weekly infusions of human plasma-derived AAT. An increasing amount of evidence appears to suggest that AAT possesses not only the ability to inhibit serine proteases, such as elastase and proteinase-3 (PR-3), but also to exert antiinflammatory and tissue-protective effects independent of protease inhibition. AAT modifies dendritic cell maturation and promotes T regulatory cell differentiation, induces interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist and IL-10 release, protects various cell types from cell death, inhibits caspases-1 and -3 activity and inhibits IL-1 production and activity. Importantly, unlike classic immunosuppressants, AAT allows undeterred isolated T-lymphocyte responses. On the basis of preclinical and clinical studies, AAT therapy for nondeficient individuals may interfere with disease progression in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, transplant rejection, graft versus host disease and multiple sclerosis. AAT also appears to be antibacterial and an inhibitor of viral infections, such as influenza and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and is currently evaluated in clinical trials for type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis and graft versus host disease. Thus, AAT therapy appears to have advanced from replacement therapy, to a safe and potential treatment for a broad spectrum of inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli C Lewis
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Li C, Sun SY, Khuri FR, Li R. Pleiotropic functions of EAPII/TTRAP/TDP2: cancer development, chemoresistance and beyond. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3274-83. [PMID: 21926483 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.19.17763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
EAPII (also called TTRAP, TDP2), a protein identified a decade ago, has recently been shown to function as an oncogenic factor. This protein was also proven to be the first 5'- tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase. EAPII has been demonstrated to have promiscuous protein associations, broad responsiveness to various extracellular signals, and pleiotropic functions in the development of human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Emerging data suggest that EAPII is a multi-functional protein: EAPII repairs enzyme (topoisomerase)-mediated DNA damage by removing phosphotyrosine from DNA adducts; EAPII is involved in multiple signal transduction pathways such as TNF-TNFR, TGFβ and MAPK, and EAPII is responsive to immune defense, inflammatory response, virus infection and DNA toxins (chemo or radiation therapy). This review focuses on the current understanding of EAPII biology and its potential relations to many aspects of cancer development, including chromosome instability, tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis and chemoresistance, suggesting it as a potential target for intervention in cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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