1
|
Lin YH, Dharmaraj T, Chen Q, Echterhof A, Manasherob R, Zhang LJ, de Leeuw C, Peterson NA, Stannard W, Li Z, Hajfathalian M, Hargil A, Martinez HA, Pourtois J, Chang THW, Blankenberg FG, Amanatullah D, Chaudhuri O, Bollyky PL. Optimized Dosing and Delivery of Bacteriophage Therapy for Wound Infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.593005. [PMID: 38766200 PMCID: PMC11100690 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.593005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages, viruses that lyse (kill) bacteria, hold great promise for treating infections, including wound infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the optimal dosing and delivery strategies for phage therapy remain unclear. In a mouse wound infection model, we investigated the impact of dose, frequency, and administration route on the efficacy of phage therapy. We find that topical but not intravenous delivery is effective in this model. High-doses of phage reduces bacterial burden more effectively than low-doses, and repeated dosing achieves the highest eradication rates. Building on these insights, we developed HydroPhage, a hyaluronan-based hydrogel system that uses dynamic covalent crosslinking to deliver high-titre phages over one week. HydroPhage eradicates infections five times more effectively than intravenous injection. We conclude that hydrogel-based sustained phage delivery enhances the efficacy of phage therapy and offers a practical, well-tolerated option for topical application.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ikpe F, Williams T, Orok E, Ikpe A. Antimicrobial resistance: use of phage therapy in the management of resistant infections. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:925. [PMID: 39167154 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The emergence and increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now widely recognized as a major public health challenge. Traditional antimicrobial drugs are becoming increasingly ineffective, while the development of new antibiotics is waning. As a result, alternative treatments for infections are garnering increased interest. Among these alternatives, bacteriophages, also known as phages, are gaining renewed attention and are reported to offer a promising solution to alleviate the burden of bacterial infections. This review discusses the current successes of phage therapy (PT) against multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter spp. The review also compares the efficacy of PT with that of chemical antibiotics, reporting on its benefits and limitations, while highlighting its impact on the human gut microbiome and immune system. Despite its potential, phage therapy is reported to face challenges such as the narrow antibacterial range, the complexity of developing phage cocktails, and the need for precise dosing and duration protocols. Nevertheless, continued research, improved regulatory frameworks, and increased public awareness are essential to realize its full potential and integration into standard medical practice, paving the way for innovative treatments that can effectively manage infections in an era of rising antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Favour Ikpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Tonfamoworio Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Edidiong Orok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Augustine Ikpe
- Department of Sciences, Champion Group of Schools, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Tong G, Jiang X, Tu C, Cai H, Fang W, Tan H, Weng Q, Wei X, Lin M. Biologic and genomic characterization of a novel virulent Aeromonas hydrophila phage phiA051, with high homology to prophages. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415685. [PMID: 39091387 PMCID: PMC11292799 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aeromonas hydrophila is particularly harmful to freshwater aquaculture, and the search for phage is an effective biological control method, but reports of possible temperate phages and their mutants are rare in this field. In this study, a virulent phage highly homologous to prophage in the genomes of A. hydrophila was collected and preliminary biological characterization was carried out to understand its nature. Materials and methods Water samples taken from eel ponds in Fujian, China were combined with the strain. Spot test method and double-layer agar plate assay was used for confirmation and purification. Phage virions were observed using transmission electron microscope. A total of 68 strains of Aeromonas spp. were used to determine the host range. MOI groups of 1,000, 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001 were prepared to detect the optimal MOI. The conditions of thermal stability assay were set as 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C for 1 h, respectively, and conditions of acid and alkali stability assay were set as 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 of pH. MOI of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively, are set to determine the inhibitory capacity of phage. Results A novel virulent A. hydrophila phage designated phiA051 has been isolated from aquaculture water. Electron microscopic observation showed that the phage phiA051 was composed of an icosahedral capsid. The phage phiA051 possesses an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, and its burst size was 108 PFU/cell. The phage maintained a high viability at temperatures of 30-50°C or pH 6.0-10.0 for 1 h. Phage phiA051 has certain potentials in rapidly inhibiting the spread of pathogen early in the outbreak, and it has a linear dsDNA with GC content of 60.55% and a total length of 32,212 bp, including 46 ORFs. Discussion The phage phiA051 behaved as a virulent phage. However, the BLASTN result showed that 23 of the top 25 hits were genomes of Aeromonas strains. It was suggested that phiA051 was probably derived from some prophage in the chromosome of Aeromonas. Further investigation of the mechanism how phage phiA051 transforms from a temperate phage to a virulent phage will provide a unique perspective and idea to explore the potential of prophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guixiang Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xinglong Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuandeng Tu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongjiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenhong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglian Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qibiao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Eel Aquaculture and Processing of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxian Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reyneke B, Havenga B, Waso-Reyneke M, Khan S, Khan W. Benefits and Challenges of Applying Bacteriophage Biocontrol in the Consumer Water Cycle. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1163. [PMID: 38930545 PMCID: PMC11205630 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria (including disinfection- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria) are abundant in the consumer water cycle, where they may cause disease, and lead to biofouling and infrastructure damage in distributions systems, subsequently resulting in significant economic losses. Bacteriophages and their associated enzymes may then offer a biological control solution for application within the water sector. Lytic bacteriophages are of particular interest as biocontrol agents as their narrow host range can be exploited for the targeted removal of specific bacteria in a designated environment. Bacteriophages can also be used to improve processes such as wastewater treatment, while bacteriophage-derived enzymes can be applied to combat biofouling based on their effectiveness against preformed biofilms. However, the host range, environmental stability, bacteriophage resistance and biosafety risks are some of the factors that need to be considered prior to the large-scale application of these bacterial viruses. Characteristics of bacteriophages that highlight their potential as biocontrol agents are thus outlined in this review, as well as the potential application of bacteriophage biocontrol throughout the consumer water cycle. Additionally, the limitations of bacteriophage biocontrol and corresponding mitigation strategies are outlined, including the use of engineered bacteriophages for improved host ranges, environmental stability and the antimicrobial re-sensitisation of bacteria. Finally, the potential public and environmental risks associated with large-scale bacteriophage biocontrol application are considered, and alternative applications of bacteriophages to enhance the functioning of the consumer water cycle, including their use as water quality or treatment indicators and microbial source tracking markers, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Monique Waso-Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Meester L, Vázquez-Domínguez E, Kassen R, Forest F, Bellon MR, Koskella B, Scherson RA, Colli L, Hendry AP, Crandall KA, Faith DP, Starger CJ, Geeta R, Araki H, Dulloo EM, Souffreau C, Schroer S, Johnson MTJ. A link between evolution and society fostering the UN sustainable development goals. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13728. [PMID: 38884021 PMCID: PMC11178947 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the multitude of challenges Earth is facing, sustainability science is of key importance to our continued existence. Evolution is the fundamental biological process underlying the origin of all biodiversity. This phylogenetic diversity fosters the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change, and provides numerous resources to society, and options for the future. Genetic diversity within species is also key to the ability of populations to evolve and adapt to environmental change. Yet, the value of evolutionary processes and the consequences of their impairment have not generally been considered in sustainability research. We argue that biological evolution is important for sustainability and that the concepts, theory, data, and methodological approaches used in evolutionary biology can, in crucial ways, contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss how evolutionary principles are relevant to understanding, maintaining, and improving Nature Contributions to People (NCP) and how they contribute to the SDGs. We highlight specific applications of evolution, evolutionary theory, and evolutionary biology's diverse toolbox, grouped into four major routes through which evolution and evolutionary insights can impact sustainability. We argue that information on both within-species evolutionary potential and among-species phylogenetic diversity is necessary to predict population, community, and ecosystem responses to global change and to make informed decisions on sustainable production, health, and well-being. We provide examples of how evolutionary insights and the tools developed by evolutionary biology can not only inspire and enhance progress on the trajectory to sustainability, but also highlight some obstacles that hitherto seem to have impeded an efficient uptake of evolutionary insights in sustainability research and actions to sustain SDGs. We call for enhanced collaboration between sustainability science and evolutionary biology to understand how integrating these disciplines can help achieve the sustainable future envisioned by the UN SDGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc De Meester
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Institute of Biology Freie University Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Ella Vázquez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Rees Kassen
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Mauricio R Bellon
- Comisión Nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) México City Mexico
- Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Rosa A Scherson
- Laboratorio Evolución y Sistemática, Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Licia Colli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Della Nutrizione e Degli Alimenti, BioDNA Centro di Ricerca Sulla Biodiversità e Sul DNA Antico, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum & Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics George Washington University Washington DC USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | | | - Craig J Starger
- School of Global Environmental Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - R Geeta
- Department of Botany University of Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Hitoshi Araki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Ehsan M Dulloo
- Effective Genetic Resources Conservation and Use Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT Rome Italy
| | - Caroline Souffreau
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Sibylle Schroer
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology & Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han JW, Lee N, Kim HJ, Moon SJ, Lee SC, Kim HJ. Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28481. [PMID: 38576583 PMCID: PMC10990963 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been applied to a wide range of bacteria, causing gastrointestinal and vaginal infections. However, probiotics generally possess limited antimicrobial spectra and are primarily utilized as dietary supplements. Recognizing the need for more versatile probiotics, this study focuses on isolating and characterizing strains suitable for antibiotic replacement. Among these strains, Weissella sp. SNUL2, derived from a traditional fermented food in Korea (i.e., Sikhae), emerged as a promising candidate. The correlation between optical density at 600 nm and colony-forming units was verified and applied in subsequent experiments. To assess the therapeutic potential of probiotics, antibacterial tests were conducted using a microplate reader to evaluate the inhibition of 60 bacterial strains (including common foodborne pathogens) induced by Weissella sp. SNUL2 cell-free supernatant (CFS). The results confirmed its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties compared to previously known probiotics. Furthermore, enzymatic treatment with proteinases (trypsin and pepsin) and a time-kill assay were conducted to elucidate the nature of the antibacterial substance in Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS. Through sequential chromatography involving gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography, specific fractions with enhanced antibacterial properties were identified. LC-MS/MS analysis of the secretome fraction revealed the presence of various proteins from the C39 family, peptidoglycan endopeptidases, and N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain-containing protein precursors. Hence, the combined action of these proteins may contribute to Weissella sp. SNUL2's broad antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Lee
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Joon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- South Texas Center of Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tidim G, Guzel M, Soyer Y, Erel-Goktepe I. Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan/alginate thin films containing Salmonella enterica bacteriophages for antibacterial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121710. [PMID: 38220322 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the ineffectiveness of routine treatments inspired development of alternatives to biocides for antibacterial applications. Bacteriophages are natural predators of bacteria and are promising alternatives to antibiotics. This study presents fabrication of a Salmonella enterica bacteriophage containing ultra-thin multilayer film composed of chitosan and alginate and demonstrates its potential as an antibacterial coating for food packaging applications. Chitosan/alginate film was prepared through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. A bacteriophage, which belongs to Siphoviridae morphotype (MET P1-001_43) and infects Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis), was post-loaded into chitosan/alginate film. The LbL growth, stability, and surface morphology of chitosan/alginate film as well as phage deposition into multilayers were analysed through ellipsometry, QCM-D and AFM techniques. The bacteriophage containing multilayers showed antibacterial activity at pH 7.0. In contrast, anti-bacterial activity was not observed at acidic conditions. We showed that wrapping a Salmonella Enteritidis contaminated chicken piece with aluminium foil whose surface was modified with phage loaded chitosan/alginate multilayers decreased the number of colonies on the chicken meat, and it was as effective as treating the meat directly with phage solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Tidim
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Guzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030, Corum, Turkey
| | - Yesim Soyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Erel-Goktepe
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Eng. Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonçalves T, Marques AT, Manageiro V, Tanoeiro L, Vital JS, Duarte A, Vítor JMB, Caniça M, Gaspar MM, Vale FF. Antimicrobial activity of prophage endolysins against critical Enterobacteriaceae antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123758. [PMID: 38160991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae species are part of the 2017 World Health Organization antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens list for development of novel medicines. Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasing threat to public health and has become a relevant human pathogen involved in life-threatening infections. Phage therapy involves the use of phages or their lytic endolysins as bioagents for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane, making difficult the access of endolysins to the peptidoglycan. Here, three endolysins from prophages infecting three distinct Enterobacterales species, Kp2948-Lys from K. pneumoniae, Ps3418-Lys from Providencia stuartii, and Kaer26608-Lys from Klebsiella aerogenes, were purified and exhibited antibacterial activity against their specific bacterium species verified by zymogram assays. These three endolysins were successfully associated to liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) at a molar ratio (4:4:2), with an encapsulation efficiency ranging from 24 to 27%. Endolysins encapsulated in liposomes resulted in higher antibacterial activity compared to the respective endolysin in the free form, suggesting that the liposome-mediated delivery system enhances fusion with outer membrane and delivery of endolysins to the target peptidoglycan. Obtained results suggest that Kp2948-Lys appears to be specific for K. pneumoniae, while Ps3418-Lys and Kaer26608-Lys appear to have a broader antibacterial spectrum. Endolysins incorporated in liposomes constitute a promising weapon, applicable in the several dimensions (human, animals and environment) of the One Health approach, against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gonçalves
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia T Marques
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Portugal
| | - Luis Tanoeiro
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana S Vital
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aida Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge M B Vítor
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Portugal; CIISA, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehmood N, Akram MW, Majeed MI, Nawaz H, Aslam MA, Naman A, Wasim M, Ghaffar U, Kamran A, Nadeem S, Kanwal N, Imran M. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of bacterial pellets of Staphylococcus aureus infected by bacteriophage. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5425-5434. [PMID: 38348301 PMCID: PMC10859908 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of infectious diseases in the world and they have become a major threat through the reduced efficacy of developed antibiotics. This issue can be addressed by using bacteriophages, which can kill lethal bacteria and prevent them from causing infections. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising technique for studying the degradation of infectious bacteria by the interaction of bacteriophages to break the vicious cycle of drug-resistant bacteria and help to develop chemotherapy-independent remedial strategies. The phage (viruses)-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria are exposed to bacteriophages (Siphoviridae family) in the time frame from 0 min (control) to 50 minutes with intervals of 5 minutes and characterized by SERS using silver nanoparticles as SERS substrate. This allows us to explore the effects of the bacteriophages against lethal bacteria (S. aureus) at different time intervals. The differentiating SERS bands are observed at 575 (C-C skeletal mode), 620 (phenylalanine), 649 (tyrosine, guanine (ring breathing)), 657 (guanine (COO deformation)), 728-735 (adenine, glycosidic ring mode), 796 (tyrosine (C-N stretching)), 957 (C-N stretching (amide lipopolysaccharides)), 1096 (PO2 (nucleic acid)), 1113 (phenylalanine), 1249 (CH2 of amide III, N-H bending and C-O stretching (amide III)), 1273 (CH2, N-H, C-N, amide III), 1331 (C-N stretching mode of adenine), 1373 (in nucleic acids (ring breathing modes of the DNA/RNA bases)) and 1454 cm-1 (CH2 deformation of saturated lipids), indicating the degradation of bacteria and replication of bacteriophages. Multivariate data analysis was performed by employing principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to study the biochemical differences in the S. aureus bacteria infected by the bacteriophage. The SERS spectral data sets were successfully differentiated by PLS-DA with 94.47% sensitivity, 98.61% specificity, 94.44% precision, 98.88% accuracy and 81.06% area under the curve (AUC), which shows that at 50 min interval S. aureus bacteria is degraded by the replicating bacteriophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Abdul Naman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Usman Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Ali Kamran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Sana Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Naeema Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha (61413) Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grecu M, Henea ME, Rîmbu CM, Simion C, Şindilar EV, Solcan G. The Bacteriophages Therapy of Interdigital Pyoderma Complicated by Cellulitis with Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Dog-Case Report. Vet Sci 2023; 10:642. [PMID: 37999465 PMCID: PMC10675310 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly pathogenic bacterium with high pathogenicity, that can cause serious infections in all species and especially in dogs. Treatment of the infection induced by this bacterium can be a challenge considering that some strains have developed resistance to most classes of antimicrobials. The use of bacteriophages to alleviate infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has demonstrated their potential for both internal and external applications. This study aimed to illustrate the treatment with bacteriophages in bacterially complicated skin lesions that do not respond to antimicrobial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grecu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.G.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Mădălina-Elena Henea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.G.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Simion
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu-Viorel Şindilar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hetta HF, Rashed ZI, Ramadan YN, Al-Kadmy IMS, Kassem SM, Ata HS, Nageeb WM. Phage Therapy, a Salvage Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Causing Infective Endocarditis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2860. [PMID: 37893232 PMCID: PMC10604041 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is defined as an infection of the endocardium, or inner surface of the heart, most frequently affecting the heart valves or implanted cardiac devices. Despite its rarity, it has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. IE generally occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other germs from another part of the body, such as the mouth, spread through the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in the heart. The epidemiology of IE has changed as a consequence of aging and the usage of implantable cardiac devices and heart valves. The right therapeutic routes must be assessed to lower complication and fatality rates, so this requires early clinical suspicion and a fast diagnosis. It is urgently necessary to create new and efficient medicines to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial (MDR) infections because of the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance on a worldwide scale. MDR bacteria that cause IE can be treated using phages rather than antibiotics to combat MDR bacterial strains. This review will illustrate how phage therapy began and how it is considered a powerful potential candidate for the treatment of MDR bacteria that cause IE. Furthermore, it gives a brief about all reported clinical trials that demonstrated the promising effect of phage therapy in combating resistant bacterial strains that cause IE and how it will become a hope in future medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Zainab I. Rashed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (Z.I.R.); (Y.N.R.)
| | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (Z.I.R.); (Y.N.R.)
| | - Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy
- Branch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad P.O. Box 10244, Iraq
| | - Soheir M. Kassem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Hesham S. Ata
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wedad M. Nageeb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qu Q, Chen T, He P, Geng H, Zeng P, Luan G. Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic bacteriophage vB_Efm_LG62 infecting Enterococcus faecium. Virus Genes 2023; 59:763-774. [PMID: 37422898 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium has been classified as a "high priority" pathogen by the World Health Organization. Enterococcus faecium has rapidly evolved as a global nosocomial pathogen with adaptation to the nosocomial environment and the accumulation of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Phage therapy is considered a promising strategy against difficult-to-treat infections and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel virulent bacteriophage, vB_Efm_LG62, that specifically infects multidrug-resistant E. faecium. Morphological observations suggested that the phage has siphovirus morphology, with an optimal multiplicity of infection of 0.001. One-step growth tests revealed that its latent growth was at 20 min, with a burst size of 101 PFU/cell. Phage vB_Efm_LG62 was verified to have a double-stranded genome of 42,236 bp (35.21% GC content), containing 66 predicted coding sequences as determined by whole genomic sequencing. No genes were predicted to have functions associated with virulence factors or antibiotic resistance, indicating that the phage vB_Efm_LG62 has good therapeutic potential. Our isolation and characterization of this highly efficient phage aids in expanding our knowledge of E. faecium-targeting phages, and provides additional options for phage cocktail therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Qu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Penggang He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaixin Geng
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peibin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guangxin Luan
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zia S, Alkheraije KA. Recent trends in the use of bacteriophages as replacement of antimicrobials against food-animal pathogens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1162465. [PMID: 37303721 PMCID: PMC10247982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A major public health impact is associated with foodborne illnesses around the globe. Additionally, bacteria are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, which pose a global threat. Currently, many scientific efforts have been made to develop and implement new technologies to combat bacteria considering the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using phages as biocontrol agents for foodborne pathogens in animals used for food production and in food products themselves. Foodborne outbreaks persist, globally, in many foods, some of which lack adequate methods to control any pathogenic contamination (like fresh produce). This interest may be attributed both to consumers' desire for more natural food and to the fact that foodborne outbreaks continue to occur in many foods. Poultry is the most common animal to be treated with phage therapy to control foodborne pathogens. A large number of foodborne illnesses worldwide are caused by Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter, which are found in poultry and egg products. Conventional bacteriophage-based therapy can prevent and control humans and animals from various infectious diseases. In this context, describing bacteriophage therapy based on bacterial cells may offer a breakthrough for treating bacterial infections. Large-scale production of pheasants may be economically challenging to meet the needs of the poultry market. It is also possible to produce bacteriophage therapy on a large scale at a reduced cost. Recently, they have provided an ideal platform for designing and producing immune-inducing phages. Emerging foodborne pathogens will likely be targeted by new phage products in the future. In this review article, we will mainly focus on the Bacteriophages (phages) that have been proposed as an alternative strategy to antibiotics for food animal pathogens and their use for public health and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zia
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shivaram KB, Bhatt P, Applegate B, Simsek H. Bacteriophage-based biocontrol technology to enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment and reduce targeted bacterial biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160723. [PMID: 36496019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is an essential process for public health and a sustainable ecosystem. Inadequate wastewater treatment can lead to the release of organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogenic bacteria into the receiving waters which could be further utilized for recreation purposes. The interaction between bacteriophage and bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant plays a major role in maintaining the treatment process. Phage therapy has been proposed as an alternative to conventional treatment methods as bacteriophages can be used on specific targets and leave useful bacteria unharmed. The bacterial species, which are responsible for bulking, foaming, and biofilm formation in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) have been identified and their respective phages are isolated to control their growth. Phages with lytic life cycles are preferred to lysogenic. Lytic phages can kill the specific target as they lyse the cell, infect most of the hosts, and have an immediate effect on controlling problems caused by bacteria in a WWTP. The bacteriophages such as T7, SPI1, GTE7, PhaxI, MAG1, MAG2, ϕPh_Se01, ϕPh_Se02, and Bxb1 have been investigated for the removal of bacterial biofilms from wastewater. Novel experimental setups have improved the efficiency of phage therapy in small-scale and pilot-scale experiments. Much more in-depth knowledge of the microbial community and their interaction would help promote the usage of phage therapy in large-scale wastewater treatments. This paper has covered the recent advancements in phage therapy as an effective biocontrol of pathogenic bacteria in the wastewater treatment process and has looked at certain shortcomings that have to be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Basthi Shivaram
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Bruce Applegate
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Flexible and Efficient Microfluidics Platform for the Characterization and Isolation of Novel Bacteriophages. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0159622. [PMID: 36602353 PMCID: PMC9888219 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01596-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. This property makes them highly suitable for varied uses in industry or in the development of the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the conventional methods that are used to isolate and analyze these bacteriophages from the environment are generally cumbersome and time consuming. Here, we adapted a high-throughput microfluidic setup for long-term analysis of bacteriophage-bacteria interaction and demonstrate isolation of phages from environmental samples. IMPORTANCE Bacteriophages are gaining increased attention for their potential application as agents to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. However, isolation and characterization of new phages are time consuming and limited by currently used methods. The microfluidics platform presented here allows the isolation and long-term analysis of phages and their effect on host cells with fluorescent light microscopy imaging. Furthermore, this new workflow allows high-throughput characterization of environmental samples for the identification of phages alongside gaining detailed insight into the host response. Taken together, this microfluidics platform will be a valuable tool for phage research, enabling faster and more efficient screening and characterization of host-phage interactions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zaki BM, Fahmy NA, Aziz RK, Samir R, El-Shibiny A. Characterization and comprehensive genome analysis of novel bacteriophage, vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p, with lytic and anti-biofilm potential against clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1077995. [PMID: 36756618 PMCID: PMC9901506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1077995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is alarming. Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of death by hospital-acquired infections, and its multidrug-resistant strains are flagged as a global threat to human health, which necessitates finding novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. One promising therapeutic alternative is the use of virulent bacteriophages, which specifically target bacteria and coevolve with them to overcome potential resistance. Here, we aimed to discover specific bacteriophages with therapeutic potential against multiresistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Methods and Results Out of six bacteriophages that we isolated from urban and medical sewage, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p had the broadest host range and was thus characterized in detail. Transmission electron microscopy suggests vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p to be a tailed phage of the siphoviral morphotype. In vitro evaluation indicated a high lytic efficiency (30 min latent period and burst size of ∼100 PFU/cell), and extended stability at temperatures up to 70°C and a wide range of (2-12) pH. Additionally, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p possesses antibiofilm activity that was evaluated by the crystal violet assay and was not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblasts. The whole genome was sequenced and annotated, uncovering one tRNA gene and 33 genes encoding proteins with assigned functions out of 85 predicted genes. Furthermore, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p most likely represents a new species, but belongs to the same genus as Klebsiella phages ZCKP8 and 6691. Comprehensive genomic and bioinformatics analyses substantiate the safety of the phage and its strictly lytic lifestyle. Conclusion Phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p is a novel phage with potential to be used against biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae and could be a promising source for antibacterial and antibiofilm products, which will be individually studied experimentally in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Giza, Egypt,Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada A. Fahmy
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Karam Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maimaiti Z, Li Z, Xu C, Chen J, Chai W. Global trends and hotspots of phage therapy for bacterial infection: A bibliometric visualized analysis from 2001 to 2021. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1067803. [PMID: 36699585 PMCID: PMC9868171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is one of the main global threats to human health, and just the development of new antimicrobial medications is not enough to solve the crisis. Phage therapy (PT), a safe and effective treatment method, has reignited the interest of researchers due to its efficacy in the clinical treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. There is, however, no bibliometric analysis of the overall trends on this topic. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of the current state of development and research in this area. Methods We extracted all relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 2001 and 2021. We performed bibliometric analysis and visualization using CiteSpace, VOS viewer, and R software. Annual trends of publications, countries/regions distributions, institutions, funding agencies, co-cited journals, author contributions, core journals, references, and keywords were analyzed. Results A total of 6,538 papers were enrolled in this study, including 5,364 articles and 1,174 reviews. Publications have increased drastically from 61 in 2001 to 937 in 2021, with 3,659 articles published in the last 5 years. North America, Western Europe, and East Asia were significant contributor regions. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the most productive countries. The Polish Academy of Sciences was the most contributive institution. Frontiers in Microbiology and Applied and Environmental Microbiology were the most productive and co-cited journals. A. Gorski and R. Lavigne published most articles in this field, while V. A. Fischetti was the author with the most cited. Regarding keywords, research focuses include phage biology, phage against clinically important pathogens, phage lysis proteins, phage therapy, biofilm-related research, and recent clinical applications. Conclusion Phage therapy is a potential strategy for combating antibiotic resistance, and it will provide us with an alternative therapeutic option for bacterial infection. According to global trends, the scientific output of PT in bacterial infections is increasing, with developed countries such as the United States leading the way in this area. Although the safety and efficacy of PT have been proven, more clinical trials on the phages against infectious diseases caused by various pathogens are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulipikaer Maimaiti
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jiying Chen, ; Wei Chai,
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jiying Chen, ; Wei Chai,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Knowledgebase of potential multifaceted solutions to antimicrobial resistance. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 101:107772. [PMID: 36155273 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a top threat to global health, challenges preventive and treatment strategies of infections. AMR strains of microbial pathogens arise through multiple mechanisms. The underlying "antibiotic resistance genes" (ARGs) spread through various species by lateral gene transfer thereby causing global dissemination. Human methods also augment this process through inappropriate use, non-compliance to treatment schedule, and environmental waste. Worldwide significant efforts are being invested to discover novel therapeutic solutions for tackling resistant pathogens. Diverse therapeutic strategies have evolved over recent years. In this work we have developed a comprehensive knowledgebase by collecting alternative antimicrobial therapeutic strategies from literature data. Therapeutic strategies against bacteria, virus, fungus and parasites were extracted from PubMed literature using text mining. We have used a subjective (sentimental) approach for data mining new strategies, resulting in broad coverage of novel entities and subsequently add objective data like entity name (including IUPAC), potency, and safety information. The extracted data was organized in a freely accessible web platform, KOMBAT. The KOMBAT comprises 1104 Chemical compounds, 220 of newly identified antimicrobial peptides, 42 bacteriophages, 242 phytochemicals, 106 nanocomposites, and 94 novel entities for phototherapy. Entities tested and evaluated on AMR pathogens are included. We envision that this database will be useful for developing future therapeutics against AMR pathogens. The database can be accessed through http://kombat.igib.res.in/.
Collapse
|
19
|
Morais D, Tanoeiro L, Marques AT, Gonçalves T, Duarte A, Matos APA, Vital JS, Cruz MEM, Carvalheiro MC, Anes E, Vítor JMB, Gaspar MM, Vale FF. Liposomal Delivery of Newly Identified Prophage Lysins in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710143. [PMID: 36077542 PMCID: PMC9456237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that presents resistance to several antibiotics, thus, representing a major threat to human and animal health. Phage-derived products, namely lysins, or peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing enzymes, can be an effective weapon against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Whereas in Gram-positive bacteria, lysis from without is facilitated by the exposed peptidoglycan layer, this is not possible in the outer membrane-protected peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we suggest the encapsulation of lysins in liposomes as a delivery system against Gram-negative bacteria, using the model of P. aeruginosa. Bioinformatic analysis allowed for the identification of 38 distinct complete prophages within 66 P. aeruginosa genomes (16 of which newly sequenced) and led to the identification of 19 lysins of diverse sequence and function, 5 of which proceeded to wet lab analysis. The four purifiable lysins showed hydrolytic activity against Gram-positive bacterial lawns and, on zymogram assays, constituted of autoclaved P. aeruginosa cells. Additionally, lysins Pa7 and Pa119 combined with an outer membrane permeabilizer showed activity against P. aeruginosa cells. These two lysins were successfully encapsulated in DPPC:DOPE:CHEMS (molar ratio 4:4:2) liposomes with an average encapsulation efficiency of 33.33% and 32.30%, respectively. The application of the encapsulated lysins to the model P. aeruginosa led to a reduction in cell viability and resulted in cell lysis as observed in MTT cell viability assays and electron microscopy. In sum, we report here that prophages may be important sources of new enzybiotics, with prophage lysins showing high diversity and activity. In addition, these enzybiotics following their incorporation in liposomes were able to potentiate their antibacterial effect against the Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa, used as the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morais
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tanoeiro
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia T. Marques
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gonçalves
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aida Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - António Pedro Alves Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Vital
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Eugénia Meirinhos Cruz
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Colla Carvalheiro
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. B. Vítor
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: or (M.M.G.); or (F.F.V.)
| | - Filipa F. Vale
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: or (M.M.G.); or (F.F.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
In Vitro Techniques and Measurements of Phage Characteristics That Are Important for Phage Therapy Success. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071490. [PMID: 35891470 PMCID: PMC9323186 DOI: 10.3390/v14071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Validated methods for phage selection, host range expansion, and lytic activity determination are indispensable for maximizing phage therapy outcomes. In this review, we describe some relevant methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and categorize them as preliminary or confirmatory methods where appropriate. Experimental conditions, such as the composition and consistency of culture media, have an impact on bacterial growth and, consequently, phage propagation and the selection of phage-resistant mutants. The phages require different experimental conditions to be tested to fully reveal their characteristics and phage therapy potential in view of their future use in therapy. Phage lytic activity or virulence should be considered as a result of the phage, its host, and intracellular/environmental factors, including the ability of a phage to recognize receptors on the bacterial cell surface. In vitro quantitative and qualitative measurements of phage characteristics, further validated by in vivo experiments, could be incorporated into one system or mathematical model/formula, which could predict a potential successful outcome of clinical applications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Crystal structure of the phage-encoded N-acetyltransferase in complex with acetyl-CoA, revealing a novel dimeric arrangement. J Microbiol 2022; 60:746-755. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
22
|
Longo M, Rioual S, Talbot P, Faÿ F, Hellio C, Lescop B. A high sensitive microwave sensor to monitor bacterial and biofilm growth. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
23
|
Badawy S, Baka ZAM, Abou-Dobara MI, El-Sayed AKA, Skurnik M. Biological and molecular characterization of fEg-Eco19, a lytic bacteriophage active against an antibiotic-resistant clinical Escherichia coli isolate. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1333-1341. [PMID: 35399144 PMCID: PMC9038960 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of bacteriophages facilitates better understanding of their biology, host specificity, genomic diversity, and adaptation to their bacterial hosts. This, in turn, is important for the exploitation of phages for therapeutic purposes, as the use of uncharacterized phages may lead to treatment failure. The present study describes the isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage effective against the important clinical pathogen Escherichia coli, which shows increasing accumulation of antibiotic resistance. Phage fEg-Eco19, which is specific for a clinical E. coli strain, was isolated from an Egyptian sewage sample. Phage fEg-Eco19 formed clear, sharp-edged, round plaques. Electron microscopy showed that the isolated phage is tailed and therefore belongs to the order Caudovirales, and morphologically, it resembles siphoviruses. The diameter of the icosahedral head of fEg-Eco19 is 68 ± 2 nm, and the non-contractile tail length and diameter are 118 ± 0.2 and 13 ± 0.6 nm, respectively. The host range of the phage was found to be narrow, as it infected only two out of 137 clinical E. coli strains tested. The phage genome is 45,805 bp in length with a GC content of 50.3% and contains 76 predicted genes. Comparison of predicted and experimental restriction digestion patterns allowed rough mapping of the physical ends of the phage genome, which was confirmed using the PhageTerm tool. Annotation of the predicted genes revealed gene products belonging to several functional groups, including regulatory proteins, DNA packaging and phage structural proteins, host lysis proteins, and proteins involved in DNA/RNA metabolism and replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Badawy
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Zakaria A. M. Baka
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Abou-Dobara
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. A. El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Poluri KM, Czajkowski R. Editorial: Bacteriophages Isolation From the Environment and Their Antimicrobial Therapeutic Potential, Volume 2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847176. [PMID: 35154064 PMCID: PMC8826046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carascal MB, dela Cruz-Papa DM, Remenyi R, Cruz MCB, Destura RV. Phage Revolution Against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Pathogens in Southeast Asia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820572. [PMID: 35154059 PMCID: PMC8830912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia (SEA) can be considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. As recent surveillance efforts in the region reported the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, the pursuit of therapeutic alternatives against AMR becomes a matter of utmost importance. Phage therapy, or the use of bacterial viruses called bacteriophages to kill bacterial pathogens, is among the standout therapeutic prospects. This narrative review highlights the current understanding of phages and strategies for a phage revolution in SEA. We define phage revolution as the radical use of phage therapy in infectious disease treatment against MDR infections, considering the scientific and regulatory standpoints of the region. We present a three-phase strategy to encourage a phage revolution in the SEA clinical setting, which involves: (1) enhancing phage discovery and characterization efforts, (2) creating and implementing laboratory protocols and clinical guidelines for the evaluation of phage activity, and (3) adapting regulatory standards for therapeutic phage formulations. We hope that this review will open avenues for scientific and policy-based discussions on phage therapy in SEA and eventually lead the way to its fullest potential in countering the threat of MDR pathogens in the region and worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Carascal
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Donna May dela Cruz-Papa
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Roland Remenyi
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
| | - Mely Cherrylynne B. Cruz
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raul V. Destura
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Danis-Wlodarczyk KM, Cai A, Chen A, Gittrich MR, Sullivan MB, Wozniak DJ, Abedon ST. Friends or Foes? Rapid Determination of Dissimilar Colistin and Ciprofloxacin Antagonism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phages. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1162. [PMID: 34832944 PMCID: PMC8624478 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is a century-old technique employing viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections, and in the clinic it is often used in combination with antibiotics. Antibiotics, however, interfere with critical bacterial metabolic activities that can be required by phages. Explicit testing of antibiotic antagonism of phage infection activities, though, is not a common feature of phage therapy studies. Here we use optical density-based 'lysis-profile' assays to assess the impact of two antibiotics, colistin and ciprofloxacin, on the bactericidal, bacteriolytic, and new-virion-production activities of three Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages. Though phages and antibiotics in combination are more potent in killing P. aeruginosa than either acting alone, colistin nevertheless substantially interferes with phage bacteriolytic and virion-production activities even at its minimum inhibitory concentration (1× MIC). Ciprofloxacin, by contrast, has little anti-phage impact at 1× or 3× MIC. We corroborate these results with more traditional measures, particularly colony-forming units, plaque-forming units, and one-step growth experiments. Our results suggest that ciprofloxacin could be useful as a concurrent phage therapy co-treatment especially when phage replication is required for treatment success. Lysis-profile assays also appear to be useful, fast, and high-throughput means of assessing antibiotic antagonism of phage infection activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.C.); (A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Anna Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.C.); (A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Marissa R. Gittrich
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.C.); (A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Matthew B. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.C.); (A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.B.S.)
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.C.); (A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Stephen T. Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.C.); (A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mousavi SM, Babakhani S, Moradi L, Karami S, Shahbandeh M, Mirshekar M, Mohebi S, Moghadam MT. Bacteriophage as a Novel Therapeutic Weapon for Killing Colistin-Resistant Multi-Drug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:4023-4036. [PMID: 34633487 PMCID: PMC8503728 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colistin-resistant multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria are highly lethal and many researchers have tried hard to combat these microorganisms around the world. Infections caused by these bacteria are resistant to the last resort of antibiotic therapy and have posed a major challenge in clinical and public health. Since the production of new antibiotics is very expensive and also very slow compared to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance, researchers are suggesting the use of natural substances with high antibacterial potential. Bacteriophages are one of the most effective therapeutic measures that are known to exist for use for incurable and highly resistant infections. Phages are highly taken into consideration due to the lack of side effects, potential spread to various body organs, distinct modes of action from antibiotics, and proliferation at the site of infection. Although the effects of phages on MDR and XDR bacteria have been demonstrated in various studies, only a few have investigated the effect of phage therapy on colistin-resistant isolates. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the problems caused by colistin-resistant MDR and XDR bacteria in the clinics, explain the different mechanisms associated with colistin resistance, introduce bacteriophage therapy as a powerful remedy, and finally present new studies that have used bacteriophages against colistin-resistant isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saina Karami
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shahbandeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirshekar
- Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Mohebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the basics of biofilm infection and be able to distinguish between planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. 2. Have a working knowledge of conventional and emerging antibiofilm therapies and their modes of action as they pertain to wound care. 3. Understand the challenges associated with testing and marketing antibiofilm strategies and the context within which these strategies may have effective value. SUMMARY The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate for human infectious diseases caused by bacteria with a biofilm phenotype is 65 percent and the National Institutes of Health estimate is closer to 80 percent. Biofilms are hostile microbial aggregates because, within their polymeric matrix cocoons, they are protected from antimicrobial therapy and attack from host defenses. Biofilm-infected wounds, even when closed, show functional deficits such as deficient extracellular matrix and impaired barrier function, which are likely to cause wound recidivism. The management of invasive wound infection often includes systemic antimicrobial therapy in combination with débridement of wounds to a healthy tissue bed as determined by the surgeon who has no way of visualizing the biofilm. The exceedingly high incidence of false-negative cultures for bacteria in a biofilm state leads to missed diagnoses of wound infection. The use of topical and parenteral antimicrobial therapy without wound débridement have had limited impact on decreasing biofilm infection, which remains a major problem in wound care. Current claims to manage wound biofilm infection rest on limited early-stage data. In most cases, such data originate from limited experimental systems that lack host immune defense. In making decisions on the choice of commercial products to manage wound biofilm infection, it is important to critically appreciate the mechanism of action and significance of the relevant experimental system. In this work, the authors critically review different categories of antibiofilm products, with emphasis on their strengths and limitations as evident from the published literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- From the Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, the Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, and the Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Sashwati Roy
- From the Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, the Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, and the Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Shomita S Mathew-Steiner
- From the Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, the Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, and the Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Gayle M Gordillo
- From the Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, the Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, and the Indiana University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cano EJ, Caflisch KM, Bollyky PL, Van Belleghem JD, Patel R, Fackler J, Brownstein MJ, Horne B, Biswas B, Henry M, Malagon F, Lewallen DG, Suh GA. Phage Therapy for Limb-threatening Prosthetic Knee Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection: Case Report and In Vitro Characterization of Anti-biofilm Activity. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e144-e151. [PMID: 32699879 PMCID: PMC8246933 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a potentially limb-threatening complication of total knee arthroplasty. Phage therapy is a promising strategy to manage such infections including those involving antibiotic-resistant microbes, and to target microbial biofilms. Experience with phage therapy for infections associated with retained hardware is limited. A 62-year-old diabetic man with a history of right total knee arthroplasty 11 years prior who had suffered multiple episodes of prosthetic knee infection despite numerous surgeries and prolonged courses of antibiotics, with progressive clinical worsening and development of severe allergies to antibiotics, had been offered limb amputation for persistent right prosthetic knee infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae complex. Intravenous phage therapy was initiated as a limb-salvaging intervention. METHODS The patient received 40 intravenous doses of a single phage (KpJH46Φ2) targeting his bacterial isolate, alongside continued minocycline (which he had been receiving when he developed increasing pain, swelling, and erythema prior to initiation of phage therapy). Serial cytokine and biomarker measurements were performed before, during, and after treatment. The in vitro anti-biofilm activity of KpJH46Φ2, minocycline and the combination thereof was evaluated against a preformed biofilm of the patient's isolate and determined by safranin staining. RESULTS Phage therapy resulted in resolution of local symptoms and signs of infection and recovery of function. The patient did not experience treatment-related adverse effects and remained asymptomatic 34 weeks after completing treatment while still receiving minocycline. A trend in biofilm biomass reduction was noted 22 hours after exposure to KpJH46Φ2 (P = .063). The addition of phage was associated with a satisfactory outcome in this case of intractable biofilm-associated prosthetic knee infection. Pending further studies to assess its efficacy and safety, phage therapy holds promise for treatment of device-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edison J Cano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine M Caflisch
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonas D Van Belleghem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph Fackler
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bri’Anna Horne
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Biswajit Biswas
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Henry
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - David G Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tao C, Yi Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu H, Afayibo DJA, Li T, Tian M, Qi J, Ding C, Gao S, Wang S, Yu S. Characterization of a Broad-Host-Range Lytic Phage SHWT1 Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:683853. [PMID: 34179174 PMCID: PMC8222671 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.683853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics has accelerated to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, becoming a major health threat. Moreover, bacterial biofilms contribute to antibiotic resistance and prolonged infections. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy may provide an alternative strategy for controlling multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, a broad-host-range phage, SHWT1, with lytic activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella was isolated, characterized and evaluated for the therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Phage SHWT1 exhibited specific lytic activity against the prevalent Salmonella serovars, such as Salmonella Pullorum, Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium. Morphological analysis showed that phage SHWT1 was a member of the family Siphoviridae and the order Caudovirales. Phage SHWT1 had a latent period of 5 min and burst size of ~150 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/cell. The phage was stable from pH 3-12 and 4–65°C. Phage SHWT1 also showed capacity to lyse Salmonella planktonic cells and inhibit the biofilm formation at optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 100, respectively. In addition, phage SHWT1 was able to lyse intracellular Salmonella within macrophages. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that SHWT1 was a lytic phage without toxin genes, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, or significant genomic rearrangements. We found that phage SHWT1 could successfully protect mice against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium infection. Elucidation of the characteristics and genome sequence of phage SHWT1 demonstrates that this phage is a potential therapeutic agent against the salmonellosis caused by multidrug-resistant Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Tao
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfei Yi
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dossêh Jean Apôtre Afayibo
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Department of Animal Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Uyttebroek S, Onsea J, Metsemakers WJ, Dupont L, Devolder D, Wagemans J, Lavigne R, Spriet I, Van Gerven L. The Potential Role of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060675. [PMID: 34198741 PMCID: PMC8229554 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition affecting 5-12% of the general population worldwide. In a limited number of cases, the disease is recalcitrant to medical and surgical interventions, causing a major impact on physical, social and emotional well-being and increasing pressure on healthcare systems. Biofilm formation and dysbiosis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. In these cases, a promising treatment alternative is the application of bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and lyse bacteria. In this review, we appraise the evidence for the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Additionally, (dis)advantages of bacteriophages and considerations for implementation of phage therapy in otorhinolaryngology practice will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saartje Uyttebroek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Rhinology Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Onsea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.O.); (W.-J.M.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem-Jan Metsemakers
- Department of Trauma Surgery, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.O.); (W.-J.M.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Department of Pneumology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Devolder
- Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.); (I.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Gerven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Rhinology Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-33-63-41
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Potential of Phage Therapy against the Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061057. [PMID: 34204897 PMCID: PMC8228603 DOI: 10.3390/v13061057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and characterization of bacteriophages for the treatment of infections caused by the multidrug resistant pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is imperative as nosocomial and community-acquired infections are rapidly increasing in prevalence. This increase is largely due to the numerous virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes encoded by this bacterium. Research on S. maltophilia phages to date has focused on the isolation and in vitro characterization of novel phages, often including genomic characterization, from the environment or by induction from bacterial strains. This review summarizes the clinical significance, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of S. maltophilia, as well as all phages isolated and characterized to date and strategies for their use. We further address the limited in vivo phage therapy studies conducted against this bacterium and discuss the future research needed to spearhead phages as an alternative treatment option against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia.
Collapse
|
33
|
Loponte R, Pagnini U, Iovane G, Pisanelli G. Phage Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040421. [PMID: 33920369 PMCID: PMC8069180 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the obstacle of antimicrobial resistance, researchers are investigating the use of phage therapy as an alternative and/or supplementation to antibiotics to treat and prevent infections both in humans and in animals. In the first part of this review, we describe the unique biological characteristics of bacteriophages and the crucial aspects influencing the success of phage therapy. However, despite their efficacy and safety, there is still no specific legislation that regulates their use. In the second part of this review, we describe the comprehensive research done in the past and recent years to address the use of phage therapy for the treatment and prevention of bacterial disease affecting domestic animals as an alternative to antibiotic treatments. While in farm animals, phage therapy efficacy perspectives have been widely studied in vitro and in vivo, especially for zoonoses and diseases linked to economic losses (such as mastitis), in pets, studies are still few and rather recent.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang G, Liu S, Yu T, Wu R, Ren Y, van der Mei HC, Liu J, Busscher HJ. PAMAM dendrimers with dual-conjugated vancomycin and Ag-nanoparticles do not induce bacterial resistance and kill vancomycin-resistant Staphylococci. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:230-243. [PMID: 33508504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effective life-time of new antimicrobials until the appearance of the first resistant strains is steadily decreasing, which discourages incentives for commercialization required for clinical translation and application. Therefore, development of new antimicrobials should not only focus on better and better killing of antimicrobial-resistant strains, but as a paradigm shift on developing antimicrobials that prevent induction of resistance. Heterofunctionalized, poly-(amido-amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with amide-conjugated vancomycin (Van) and incorporated Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) showed a 6-7 log reduction in colony-forming-units of a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain in vitro, while not inducing resistance in a vancomycin-susceptible strain. Healing of a superficial wound in mice infected with the vancomycin-resistant S. aureus was significantly faster and more effective by irrigation with low-dose, dual-conjugated Van-PAMAM-AgNP dendrimer suspension than by irrigation with vancomycin in solution or a PAMAM-AgNP dendrimer suspension. Herewith, dual-conjugation of vancomycin together with AgNPs in heterofunctionalized PAMAM dendrimers fulfills the need for new, prolonged life-time antimicrobials killing resistant pathogens without inducing resistance in susceptible strains. Important for clinical translation, this better use of antibiotics can be achieved with currently approved and clinically applied antibiotics, provided suitable for amide-conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China; University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sidi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China; University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tianrong Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China; University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Renfei Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China; University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Isolation and Characterization of Two Virulent Phages to Combat Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis causing Dental Caries. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages, as a biocontrol agent, against certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing dental caries. Here, two dental caries-causing bacteria S. aureus and E. faecalis were isolated and characterized biochemically using the automated VITEK® 2 system. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated dental caries bacteria was assessed against selection of antibiotics. The two isolates showed resistance against most of the tested antibiotics. To overcome this problem, two lytic phages vB_SauM-EG-AE3 and vB_EfaP-EF01 were isolated, identified, and applied to control the growth of S. aureus and E. faecalis, respectively. Phages were identified morphologically using TEM and showed that vB_SauM-EG-AE3 phage is related to Myoviridae and vB_EfaP-EF01 phage belongs to Podoviridae. The two phages exhibited high lytic activity, high stability, and a narrow host range. The one-step growth curve of phages showed burst sizes of 78.87 and 113.55 PFU/cell with latent periods of 25 and 30 minutes for S. aureus phage and E. faecalis phage respectively. In addition, the two phages showed different structural protein profiles and exhibited different patterns using different restriction enzymes. The genome sizes were estimated to be 13.30 Kb and 15.60 Kb for phages vB_SauM-EGAE3, vB_EfaP-EGAE1, respectively. Complete inhibition of bacterial growth was achieved using phages with MOIs of 103, 102 and 10 after 1, 3, 5, and 24 h of incubation at 37°C. Hence, this study indicates that the isolated bacteriophages are promising biocontrol agents that could challenge antibiotic-resistant dental caries bacteria to announce new successful alternatives to antibiotics.
Collapse
|
36
|
Pereira C, Costa P, Pinheiro L, Balcão VM, Almeida A. Kiwifruit bacterial canker: an integrative view focused on biocontrol strategies. PLANTA 2021; 253:49. [PMID: 33502587 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phage-based biocontrol strategies can be an effective alternative to control Psa-induced bacterial canker of kiwifruit. The global production of kiwifruit has been seriously affected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) over the last decade. Psa damages both Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (green kiwifruit) but specially the susceptible Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (gold kiwifruit), resulting in severe economic losses. Treatments for Psa infections currently available are scarce, involving frequent spraying of the kiwifruit plant orchards with copper products. However, copper products should be avoided since they are highly toxic and lead to the development of bacterial resistance to this metal. Antibiotics are also used in some countries, but bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious worldwide problem. Therefore, it is essential to develop new approaches for sustainable agriculture production, avoiding the emergence of resistant Psa bacterial strains. Attempts to develop and establish highly accurate approaches to combat and prevent the occurrence of bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants are currently under study, using specific viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages, or phages) to eliminate the Psa. This review discusses the characteristics of Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, Psa transmission pathways, prevention and control, phage-based biocontrol strategies as a new approach to control Psa in kiwifruit orchards and its advantages over other therapies, together with potential ways to bypass phage inactivation by abiotic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Larindja Pinheiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victor M Balcão
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, CEP 18023-000, Brazil.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Warrier A, Mazumder N, Prabhu S, Satyamoorthy K, Murali TS. Photodynamic therapy to control microbial biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102090. [PMID: 33157331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms thrive in well-organized biofilm ecosystems. Biofilm-associated cells typically show increased resistance to antibiotics and contribute significantly to treatment failure. This has prompted investigations aimed at developing advanced and novel antimicrobial approaches that could effectively overcome the shortcomings associated with conventional antibiotic therapy. Studies are ongoing to develop effective curative strategies ranging from the use of peptides, small molecules, nanoparticles to bacteriophages, sonic waves, and light energy targeting various structural and physiological aspects of biofilms. In photodynamic therapy, a light source of a specific wavelength is used to irradiate non-toxic photosensitizers such as tetrapyrroles, synthetic dyes or, naturally occurring compounds to generate reactive oxygen species that can exert a lethal effect on the microbe especially by disrupting the biofilm. The photosensitizer preferentially binds to and accumulates in the microbial cells without causing any damage to the host tissue. Currently, photodynamic therapy is increasingly being used for the treatment of oral caries and dental plaque, chronic wound infections, infected diabetic foot ulcers, cystic fibrosis, chronic sinusitis, implant device-associated infections, etc. This approach is recognized as safe, as it is non-toxic and minimally invasive, making it a reliable, realistic, and promising therapeutic strategy for reducing the microbial burden and biofilm formation in chronic infections. In this review article, we discuss the current and future potential strategies of utilizing photodynamic therapy to extend our ability to impede and eliminate biofilms in various medical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Warrier
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudharshan Prabhu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Thokur Sreepathy Murali
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Easwaran M, De Zoysa M, Shin HJ. Application of phage therapy: Synergistic effect of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) and antibiotic combination towards antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2809-2817. [PMID: 32453904 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is acknowledged as a potential tool to prevent or treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, our major focus was on the bacteriolytic activity of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) against the emergence of the clinically important Escherichia coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7. The amount of the antibiotics was changed in a concentration-dependent manner, and the ΦEcSw susceptibility to antibiotics was determined. The kanamycin and chloramphenicol inhibited the titre of phage, but ampicillin did not show phage inhibition. Though the kanamycin and chloramphenicol controlled the growth of Sw1 in a concentration-dependent manner, the ampicillin did not due to the resistance. The combined activity of the ΦEcSw with antibiotics (kanamycin and chloramphenicol) compared with the antibiotics alone showed significant lytic activity p < .001). In addition, phage-based therapy was evaluated for controlling the multidrug-resistant E. coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7 in zebrafish and BALB/c mice, respectively. Our results provide novel advantages of phage therapy and phage-antibiotic therapy to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheswaran Easwaran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Adjunctive Use of Phage Sb-1 in Antibiotics Enhances Inhibitory Biofilm Growth Activity versus Rifampin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110749. [PMID: 33138034 PMCID: PMC7692760 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective antimicrobials are crucial for managing Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated bone infections (IABIs), particularly for infections due to rifampin-resistant S. aureus (RRSA). Failure to remove the implant results in persistent infection; thus, prolonged suppressive antibiotic therapy may be a reasonable alternative. However, a high incidence of adverse events can necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. In this scenario, commercial Staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb-1 combined with antibiotics is an option, showing a promising synergistic activity to facilitate the treatment of biofilm infections. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of the inhibitory activity of five antibiotics (doxycycline, levofloxacin, clindamycin, linezolid, and rifampin) alone or combined with phage Sb-1 (106 PFU/mL) in a simultaneous and staggered manner, to combat five clinical RRSA strains and the laboratory strain MRSA ATCC 43300 in 72 h by isothermal microcalorimetry. The synergistic effects were observed when phage Sb-1 (106 PFU/mL) combined with antibiotics had at least 2 log-reduction lower concentrations, represented by a fractional biofilm inhibitory concentration (FBIC) of <0.25. Among the antibiotics that we tested, the synergistic effect of all six strains was achieved in phage/doxycycline and phage/linezolid combinations in a staggered manner, whereas a distinctly noticeable improvement in inhibitory activity was observed in the phage/doxycycline combination with a low concentration of doxycycline. Moreover, phage/levofloxacin and phage/clindamycin combinations also showed a synergistic inhibitory effect against five strains and four strains, respectively. Interestingly, the synergistic inhibitory activity was also observed in the doxycycline-resistant and levofloxacin-resistant profile strains. However, no inhibitory activity was observed for all of the combinations in a simultaneous manner, as well as for the phage/rifampin combination in a staggered manner. These results have implications for alternative, combined, and prolonged suppressive antimicrobial treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
40
|
Maturation of Pseudo-Nucleus Compartment in P. aeruginosa, Infected with Giant phiKZ Phage. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101197. [PMID: 33096802 PMCID: PMC7589130 DOI: 10.3390/v12101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant phiKZ phage infection induces the appearance of a pseudo-nucleus inside the bacterial cytoplasm. Here, we used RT-PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), electron tomography, and analytical electron microscopy to study the morphology of this unique nucleus-like shell and to demonstrate the distribution of phiKZ and bacterial DNA in infected Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The maturation of the pseudo-nucleus was traced in short intervals for 40 min after infection and revealed the continuous spatial separation of the phage and host DNA. Immediately after ejection, phage DNA was located inside the newly-identified round compartments; at a later infection stage, it was replicated inside the pseudo-nucleus; in the mature pseudo-nucleus, a saturated internal network of filaments was observed. This network consisted of DNA bundles in complex with DNA-binding proteins. On the other hand, the bacterial nucleoid underwent significant rearrangements during phage infection, yet the host DNA did not completely degrade until at least 40 min after phage application. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis revealed that, during the infection, the sulfur content in the bacterial cytoplasm increased, which suggests an increase of methionine-rich DNA-binding protein synthesis, whose role is to protect the bacterial DNA from stress caused by infection.
Collapse
|
41
|
Peters DL, McCutcheon JG, Dennis JJ. Characterization of Novel Broad-Host-Range Bacteriophage DLP3 Specific to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a Potential Therapeutic Agent. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1358. [PMID: 32670234 PMCID: PMC7326821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Siphoviridae phage specific to the bacterial species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from a pristine soil sample and characterized as a second member of the newly established Delepquintavirus genus. Phage DLP3 possesses one of the broadest host ranges of any S. maltophilia phage yet characterized, infecting 22 of 29 S. maltophilia strains. DLP3 has a genome size of 96,852 bp and a G+C content of 58.4%, which is significantly lower than S. maltophilia host strain D1571 (G+C content of 66.9%). The DLP3 genome encodes 153 coding domain sequences covering 95% of the genome, including five tRNA genes with different specificities. The DLP3 lysogen exhibits a growth rate increase during the exponential phase of growth as compared to the wild type strain. DLP3 also encodes a functional erythromycin resistance protein, causing lysogenic conversion of the host D1571 strain. Although a temperate phage, DLP3 demonstrates excellent therapeutic potential because it exhibits a broad host range, infects host cells through the S. maltophilia type IV pilus, and exhibits lytic activity in vivo. Undesirable traits, such as its temperate lifecycle, can be eliminated using genetic techniques to produce a modified phage useful in the treatment of S. maltophilia bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Peters
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaclyn G McCutcheon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Badawy S, Pajunen MI, Haiko J, Baka ZAM, Abou-Dobara MI, El-Sayed AKA, Skurnik M. Identification and Functional Analysis of Temperate Siphoviridae Bacteriophages of Acinetobacter baumannii. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060604. [PMID: 32486497 PMCID: PMC7354433 DOI: 10.3390/v12060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that presents a serious clinical challenge due to its increasing resistance to all available antibiotics. Phage therapy has been introduced recently to treat antibiotic-incurable A. baumannii infections. In search for new A. baumannii specific bacteriophages, 20 clinical A. baumannii strains were used in two pools in an attempt to enrich phages from sewage. The enrichment resulted in induction of resident prophage(s) and three temperate bacteriophages, named vB_AbaS_fEg-Aba01, vB_AbaS_fLi-Aba02 and vB_AbaS_fLi-Aba03, all able to infect only one strain (#6597) of the 20 clinical strains, were isolated. Morphological characteristics obtained by transmission electron microscopy together with the genomic information revealed that the phages belong to the family Siphoviridae. The ca. 35 kb genomic sequences of the phages were >99% identical to each other. The linear ds DNA genomes of the phages contained 10 nt cohesive end termini, 52–54 predicted genes, an attP site and one tRNA gene each. A database search revealed an >99% identical prophage in the genome of A. baumannii strain AbPK1 (acc. no. CP024576.1). Over 99% identical prophages were also identified from two of the original 20 clinical strains (#5707 and #5920) and both were shown to be spontaneously inducible, thus very likely being the origins of the isolated phages. The phage vB_AbaS_fEg-Aba01 was also able to lysogenize the susceptible strain #6597 demonstrating that it was fully functional. The phages showed a very narrow host range infecting only two A. baumannii strains. In conclusion, we have isolated and characterized three novel temperate Siphoviridae phages that infect A.baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Badawy
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland; (S.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Maria I. Pajunen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland; (S.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Johanna Haiko
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Zakaria A. M. Baka
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed I. Abou-Dobara
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed K. A. El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland; (S.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2941-26464
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Marqus S, Lee L, Istivan T, Kyung Chang RY, Dekiwadia C, Chan HK, Yeo LY. High frequency acoustic nebulization for pulmonary delivery of antibiotic alternatives against Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:181-188. [PMID: 32315699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has warranted the search for new antimicrobial agents as existing antibiotics lose their potency. Among these, bacteriophage therapy, as well as the administration of specific bacteriolysis agents, i.e., lytic enzymes, have emerged as attractive alternatives. Nebulizers offer the possibility for delivering these therapeutics directly to the lung, which is particularly advantageous as a non-invasive and direct route to treat bacterial lung infections. Nevertheless, nebulizers can often result in significant degradation of the bacteriophage or protein, both structurally and functionally, due to the large stresses the aerosolization process imposes on these entities. In this work, we assess the capability of a novel low-cost and portable hybrid surface and bulk acoustic wave platform (HYDRA) to nebulize a Myoviridae bacteriophage (phage K) and lytic enzyme (lysostaphin) that specifically targets Staphylococcus aureus. Besides its efficiency in producing phage or protein-laden aerosols within the 1-5 μm respirable range for optimum delivery to the lower respiratory tract where lung infections commonly take place, we observe that the HYDRA platform-owing to the efficiency of driving the aerosolization process at relatively low powers and high frequencies (approximately 10 MHz)-does not result in appreciable denaturation of the phages or proteins, such that the loss of antimicrobial activity following nebulization is minimized. Specifically, a low (0.1 log10 (pfu/ml)) titer loss was obtained with the phages, resulting in a high viable respirable fraction of approximately 90%. Similarly, minimal loss of antimicrobial activity was obtained with lysostaphin upon nebulization wherein its minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 μg/ml) remained unaltered as compared with the non-nebulized control. These results therefore demonstrate the potential of the HYDRA nebulization platform as a promising strategy for pulmonary administration of alternative antimicrobial agents to antibiotics for the treatment of lung diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Marqus
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Taghrid Istivan
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Application of Impedance Spectroscopy for Pseudomonas Biofilm Monitoring during Phage Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040407. [PMID: 32272740 PMCID: PMC7232529 DOI: 10.3390/v12040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm prevention and eradication are common treatment problems, hence there is a need for advanced and precise experimental methods for its monitoring. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has resulted in an interest in using a natural bacterial enemy-bacteriophages. In this study, we present the application of quartz tuning forks (QTF) as impedance sensors to determine in real-time the direct changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm growth dynamics during Pseudomonas phage LUZ 19 treatment at different multiplicities of infection (MOI). The impedance of the electric equivalent circuit (EEC) allowed us to measure the series resistance (Rs) corresponding to the growth-medium resistance (planktonic culture changes) and the conductance (G) corresponding to the level of QTF sensor surface coverage by bacterial cells and the extracellular polymer structure (EPS) matrix. It was shown that phage impacts on sessile cells (G dynamics) was very similar in the 10-day biofilm development regardless of applied MOI (0.1, 1 or 10). The application of phages at an early stage (at the sixth h) and on three-day biofilm caused a significant slowdown in biofilm dynamics, whereas the two-day biofilm turned out to be insensitive to phage infection. We observed an inhibitory effect of phage infection on the planktonic culture (Rs dynamics) regardless of the MOI applied and the time point of infection. Moreover, the Rs parameter made it possible to detect PAO1 population regrowth at the latest time points of incubation. The number of phage-insensitive forms reached the level of untreated culture at around the sixth day of infection. We conclude that the proposed impedance spectroscopy technique can be used to measure the physiological changes in the biofilm matrix composition, as well as the condition of planktonic cultures in order to evaluate the activity of anti-biofilm compounds.
Collapse
|
45
|
Isolation and application of bacteriophages alone or in combination with nisin against planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5145-5158. [PMID: 32248441 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious foodborne pathogen since it has ability to produce variety of toxins including heat-stable enterotoxin, form biofilm, and acquire resistance to antibiotics. Biocontrol of foodborne pathogens by lytic bacteriophages garners increasing interest from both researchers and food industry. In the present study, 29 phages against S. aureus were successfully isolated from chicken, pork, and fish. Characterization of the isolates revealed that phage SA46-CTH2 belonging to Podoviridae family had a number of features suitable for food industry applications such as wide host range, short latent period, large burst size, high stress tolerance, and a genome free of virulence genes. Furthermore, phage SA46-CTH2 alone or in combination with nisin exhibited great efficacy in reducing planktonic and biofilm cells of S. aureus at various conditions tested. The combination of phage SA46-CTH2 and nisin was also found to be able to inhibit the regrowth of S. aureus at both 37 and 24 °C.Key points• A total of 29 S. aureus phages were successfully isolated from fish, pork, and chicken products. • Phage SA46-CTH2 was characterized by host range, morphology, and genome sequencing. • SA46-CTH2 significantly reduced both planktonic and biofilm cells of S. aureus. • Combination of SA46-CTH2 and nisin inhibited the regrowth of S. aureus.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bacteriophage Therapy: Developments and Directions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9030135. [PMID: 32213955 PMCID: PMC7148498 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In an era of proliferating multidrug resistant bacterial infections that are exhausting the capacity of existing chemical antibiotics and in which the development of new antibiotics is significantly rarer, Western medicine must seek additional therapeutic options that can be employed to treat these infections. Among the potential antibacterial solutions are bacteriophage therapeutics, which possess very different properties from broad spectrum antibiotics that are currently the standard of care, and which can be used in combination with them and often provide synergies. In this review we summarize the state of the development of bacteriophage therapeutics and discuss potential paths to the implementation of phage therapies in contemporary medicine, focused on fixed phage cocktail therapeutics since these are likely to be the first bacteriophage products licensed for broad use in Western countries.
Collapse
|
47
|
A Rapid Lysostaphin Production Approach and a Convenient Novel Lysostaphin Loaded Nano-emulgel; As a Sustainable Low-Cost Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Combating Platform. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030435. [PMID: 32178236 PMCID: PMC7175171 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen that is capable of infecting almost every organ in the human body. Alarmingly, the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus strains (MRSA) jeopardizes the available treatment options. Herein, we propose sustainable, low-cost production of recombinant lysostaphin (rLST), which is a native bacteriocin destroying the staphylococcal cell wall through its endopeptidase activity. We combined the use of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET15b, factorial design, and simple Ni-NTA affinity chromatography to optimize rLST production. The enzyme yield was up to 50 mg/L culture, surpassing reported systems. Our rLST demonstrated superlative biofilm combating ability by inhibiting staphylococcal biofilms formation and detachment of already formed biofilms, compared to vancomycin and linezolid. Furthermore, we aimed at developing a novel rLST topical formula targeting staphylococcal skin infections. The phase inversion composition (PIC) method fulfilled this aim with its simple preparatory steps and affordable components. LST nano-emulgel (LNEG) was able to extend active LST release up to 8 h and cure skin infections in a murine skin model. We are introducing a rapid, convenient rLST production platform with an outcome of pure, active rLST incorporated into an effective LNEG formula with scaling-up potential to satisfy the needs of both research and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
48
|
Taati Moghadam M, Amirmozafari N, Shariati A, Hallajzadeh M, Mirkalantari S, Khoshbayan A, Masjedian Jazi F. How Phages Overcome the Challenges of Drug Resistant Bacteria in Clinical Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:45-61. [PMID: 32021319 PMCID: PMC6954843 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s234353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays the most important problem in the treatment of bacterial infections is the appearance of MDR (multidrug-resistant), XDR (extensively drug-resistant) and PDR (pan drug-resistant) bacteria and the scarce prospects of producing new antibiotics. There is renewed interest in revisiting the use of bacteriophage to treat bacterial infections. The practice of phage therapy, the application of phages to treat bacterial infections, has been around for approximately a century. Phage therapy relies on using lytic bacteriophages and purified phage lytic proteins for treatment and lysis of bacteria at the site of infection. Current research indicates that phage therapy has the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotic treatments. It is noteworthy that, whether phages are used on their own or combined with antibiotics, phages are still a promising agent to replace antibiotics. So, this review focuses on an understanding of challenges of MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria and phages mechanism for treating bacterial infections and the most recent studies on potential phages, cocktails of phages, and enzymes of lytic phages in fighting these resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nour Amirmozafari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hallajzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Khoshbayan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee D, Im J, Na H, Ryu S, Yun CH, Han SH. The Novel Enterococcus Phage vB_EfaS_HEf13 Has Broad Lytic Activity Against Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2877. [PMID: 31921055 PMCID: PMC6927925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium frequently found in the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and periodontal tissue. Although it is considered a commensal, it can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, endodontic infections, and urinary tract infections. Because antibiotics are cytotoxic not only to pathogens, but also to health-beneficial commensals, phage therapy has emerged as an alternative strategy to specifically control pathogenic bacteria with minimal damage to the normal flora. In this study, we isolated a novel phage, Enterococcus phage vB_EfaS_HEf13 (phage HEf13), with broad lytic activity against 12 strains of E. faecalis among the three laboratory strains and 14 clinical isolates of E. faecalis evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage HEf13 has morphological characteristics of the family Siphoviridae. Phage HEf13 was stable at a wide range of temperature (4–60°C) and showed tolerance to acid or alkaline (pH 3–12) growth conditions. Phage HEf13 had a short latent period (25 min) with a large burst size (approximately 352 virions per infected cell). The lytic activity of phage HEf13 at various multiplicities of infection consistently inhibited the growth of diverse clinical isolates of E. faecalis without any lysogenic process. Moreover, phage HEf13 showed an effective lytic activity against E. faecalis on human dentin ex vivo infection model. Whole genome analysis demonstrated that the phage HEf13 genome contains 57,811 bp of double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 40.1% and 95 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Annotated functional ORFs were mainly classified into four groups: DNA replication/packaging/regulation, phage structure, host cell lysis, and additional functions such as RNA transcription. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that phage HEf13 is a novel phage that belongs to the Sap6virus lineage. Furthermore, the results of multiple sequence alignment showed that polymorphism of phage infection protein of E. faecalis (PIPEF) contributes to determine the host specificity of phage HEf13 against various E. faecalis strains. Collectively, these results suggest that phage HEf13 has characteristics of a lytic phage, and is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment or prevention of E. faecalis-associated infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongjun Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mertens J, Cuervo A, Carrascosa JL. Nanomechanical detection of Escherichia coli infection by bacteriophage T7 using cantilever sensors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17689-17698. [PMID: 31538998 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages) are a promising alternative treatment for bacterial diseases, especially in the case of antibiotic resistance. Due to a renewed interest in phage therapies, development of rapid and specific detection methods for bacteria/bacteriophage interaction are gaining attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. This paper describes a new method to detect the interaction between Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T7 in a sensitive and quantitative way, using the nanomechanical motion of bacteria adhered to a cantilever surface. Our approach combines both deflection and dynamic frequency-domain characterization. The device was able to determine the viability of a low amount of living bacteria attached to the cantilever, and was used to monitor T7 interaction with E. coli over a wide range of virus concentrations up to 109 PFU ml-1. The nanomechanical assay described here requires no protein labeling and can be performed in a single reaction without additional reagents. The system was able to detect the interaction between a few thousand particles through the fluctuation of mechanical energy over a broad range of frequencies. The presented data provides the basis for more detailed studies of the sequence of molecular events that contribute to the motion of the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Mertens
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience), Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|