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de Almeida PR, Weber MN, Sonne L, Spilki FR. Aedes-borne orthoflavivirus infections in neotropical primates - Ecology, susceptibility, and pathogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2030-2038. [PMID: 38230520 PMCID: PMC10800122 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231220659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases comprise a group of important infectious diseases imposing a heavy burden to public health in many locations of the world. Orthoflaviviruses are viruses belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus; this genus includes some of the most relevant arboviruses to human health. Orthoflaviviruses can infect several different hosts, with some species being transmitted in cycles involving birds and anthropophilic mosquitoes and others transmitted between mammals and mostly Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Some of the most important sylvatic reservoirs of orthoflaviviruses are non-human primates (NHPs). Many flaviviruses that infect NHPs in nature have the potential to cause epidemics in humans, as has been observed in the cases of Orthoflavivirus denguei (dengue virus - DENV), Orthoflavivirus flavi (yellow fever virus - YFV), and Orthoflavivirus zikaense (Zika virus - ZIKV). In this minireview, we discuss important aspects regarding history, ecology involving NHP, distribution, disease outcome, and pathogenesis of these three major orthoflaviviruses that affect humans and NHP and relate this information to the potential of using NHP as experimental models. In addition, we suggest some orthoflaviviruses that could be better investigated, both in nature and in experimental studies, in light of the recent revolution in molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodrigues de Almeida
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Veterinary Pathology Sector, Veterinary Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
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2
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de Rezende IM, McClure MA, Pereira LS, Fradico JRB, Cenachi ARC, Moura AS, Paladino LLDA, Dutra MRT, Alves PA, Xavier MAP, Said RFDC, Ramalho DB, Gama TDP, Martins-Filho OA, Monath TP, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Drumond BP, LaBeaud AD. Characterization and Investigation of Risk Factors for Late-Relapsing Hepatitis After Yellow Fever. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:565-573. [PMID: 37099356 PMCID: PMC10444002 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-relapsing hepatitis after yellow fever (LHep-YF) during the convalescent phase of the disease has been described during recent yellow fever (YF) outbreaks in Brazil. LHep-YF is marked by a rebound in liver enzymes and nonspecific clinical manifestations around 46-60 days after YF symptom onset. METHODS Here we have characterized the clinical course and risk factors for LHep-YF using data from a representative cohort of patients who survived YF in Brazil, 2017-2018. A total of 221 YF-positive patients were discharged from the infectious disease reference hospital in Minas Gerais and were followed up at 30, 45, and 60 days post-symptom onset. RESULTS From 46 to 60 days post-symptom onset, 16% of YF patients (n = 36/221) exhibited a rebound of aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase >500 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels. Other etiologies of liver inflammation such as infectious hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and metabolic liver disease were ruled out. Jaundice, fatigue, headache, and low platelet levels were associated with LHep-YF. Demographic factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, ultrasound findings, and viral load during the acute phase of YF were not associated with the occurrence of LHep-YF. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new data on the clinical course of Late-relapsing hepatitis during the convalescent phase of YF and highlight the need for extended patient follow-up after acute YF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Mauricio de Rezende
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Max A McClure
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | | | - Jordana R B Fradico
- Integrated Group of Biomarkers Research, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro A Alves
- Immunology of Viral Diseases, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ
| | - Marcelo A P Xavier
- Immunology of Viral Diseases, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ
| | | | - Dario B Ramalho
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaysa D P Gama
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Integrated Group of Biomarkers Research, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Integrated Group of Biomarkers Research, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betânia P Drumond
- Laboratory of Viruses, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angelle D LaBeaud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
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3
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Cruz ACR, Hernández LHA, Aragão CF, da Paz TYB, da Silva SP, da Silva FS, de Aquino AA, Cereja GJGP, do Nascimento BLS, Rosa Junior JW, Elias CN, Nogueira CG, Ramos DG, Fonseca V, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, Nunes BTD, Vasconcelos PFDC, Martins LC, Nunes-Neto JP. The Importance of Entomo-Virological Investigation of Yellow Fever Virus to Strengthen Surveillance in Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:329. [PMID: 37368747 PMCID: PMC10305592 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest outbreak of sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) in eight decades was recorded in Brazil between 2016-2018. Besides human and NHP surveillance, the entomo-virological approach is considered as a complementary tool. For this study, a total of 2904 mosquitoes of the Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes genera were collected from six Brazilian states (Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, and Tocantins) and grouped into 246 pools, which were tested for YFV using RT-qPCR. We detected 20 positive pools from Minas Gerais, 5 from Goiás, and 1 from Bahia, including 12 of Hg. janthinomys and 5 of Ae. albopictus. This is the first description of natural YFV infection in this species and warns of the likelihood of urban YFV re-emergence with Ae. albopictus as a potential bridge vector. Three YFV sequences from Hg. janthinomys from Goiás and one from Minas Gerais, as well as one from Ae. albopictus from Minas Gerais were clustered within the 2016-2018 outbreak clade, indicating YFV spread from Midwest and its infection in a main and likely novel bridging vector species. Entomo-virological surveillance is critical for YFV monitoring in Brazil, which could highlight the need to strengthen YFV surveillance, vaccination coverage, and vector control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil
| | - Carine Fortes Aragão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Thito Yan Bezerra da Paz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Alice de Aquino
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Glennda Juscely Galvão Pereira Cereja
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - José Wilson Rosa Junior
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70723-040, DF, Brazil
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Public Health Emergency Department, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Brasília 70800-400, DF, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil
| | - Livia Carício Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes-Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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4
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Ricciardi MJ, Rust LN, Pedreño-Lopez N, Yusova S, Biswas S, Webb GM, Gonzalez-Nieto L, Voigt TB, Louw JJ, Laurino FD, DiBello JR, Raué HP, Barber-Axthelm AM, Chun K, Uttke S, Raphael LMS, Yrizarry-Medina A, Rosen BC, Agnor R, Gao L, Labriola C, Axthelm M, Smedley J, Julander JG, Bonaldo MC, Walker LM, Messaoudi I, Slifka MK, Burton DR, Kallas EG, Sacha JB, Watkins DI, Burwitz BJ. Therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibody administration protects against lethal yellow fever virus infection. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade5795. [PMID: 36989376 PMCID: PMC10617428 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a reemerging global health threat, driven by several factors, including increased spread of the mosquito vector and rapid urbanization. Although a prophylactic vaccine exists, vaccine hesitancy, supply deficits, and distribution difficulties leave specific populations at risk of severe YFV disease, as evidenced by recent outbreaks in South America. To establish a treatment for patients with severe YFV infection, we tested 37 YFV-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from vaccinated humans and identified two capable of potently neutralizing multiple pathogenic primary YFV isolates. Using both hamster and nonhuman primate models of lethal YFV infection, we demonstrate that a single administration of either of these two potently neutralizing antibodies during acute infection fully controlled viremia and prevented severe disease and death in treated animals. Given the potential severity of YFV-induced disease, our results show that these antibodies could be effective in saving lives and fill a much-needed void in managing YFV cases during outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Ricciardi
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- George Washington University, 2121 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Lauren N. Rust
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Nuria Pedreño-Lopez
- George Washington University, 2121 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. del Canyet SN, Badalona 08916, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofiya Yusova
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Sreya Biswas
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Webb
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | - Thomas B. Voigt
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- George Washington University, 2121 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Johan J. Louw
- George Washington University, 2121 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | | | - John R. DiBello
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Raué
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Aaron M. Barber-Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kimberly Chun
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Samantha Uttke
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lidiane M. S. Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Brandon C. Rosen
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rebecca Agnor
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Caralyn Labriola
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Justin G. Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Esper G. Kallas
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - David I. Watkins
- Mabloc LLC, 725 21st St. NW, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- George Washington University, 2121 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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5
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de Oliveira CH, Andrade MS, Campos FS, da C. Cardoso J, Gonçalves-dos-Santos ME, Oliveira RS, Aquino-Teixeira SM, Campos AAS, Almeida MAB, Simonini-Teixeira D, da P. Sevá A, Temponi AOD, Magalhães FM, da Silva Menezes AS, Lopes BT, Almeida HP, Pedroso AL, Gonçalves GP, Chaves DCC, de Menezes GG, Bernal-Valle S, Müller NFD, Janssen L, dos Santos E, Mares-Guia MA, Albuquerque GR, Romano APM, Franco AC, Ribeiro BM, Roehe PM, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, de Abreu FVS. Yellow Fever Virus Maintained by Sabethes Mosquitoes during the Dry Season in Cerrado, a Semiarid Region of Brazil, in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:757. [PMID: 36992466 PMCID: PMC10058068 DOI: 10.3390/v15030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, waves of yellow fever virus (YFV) from the Amazon Rainforest have spread and caused outbreaks in other regions of Brazil, including the Cerrado, a savannah-like biome through which YFV usually moves before arriving at the Atlantic Forest. To identify the vectors involved in the maintenance of the virus in semiarid environments, an entomological survey was conducted after confirmation of yellow fever (YF) epizootics at the peak of the dry season in the Cerrado areas of the state of Minas Gerais. In total, 917 mosquitoes from 13 taxa were collected and tested for the presence of YFV. Interestingly, mosquitoes of the Sabethes genus represented 95% of the diurnal captured specimens, displaying a peak of biting activity never previously recorded, between 4:30 and 5:30 p.m. Molecular analysis identified three YFV-positive pools, two from Sabethes chloropterus-from which near-complete genomes were generated-and one from Sa. albiprivus, whose low viral load prevented sequencing. Sa. chloropterus was considered the primary vector due to the high number of copies of YFV RNA and the high relative abundance detected. Its bionomic characteristics allow its survival in dry places and dry time periods. For the first time in Brazil, Sa. albiprivus was found to be naturally infected with YFV and may have played a role as a secondary vector. Despite its high relative abundance, fewer copies of viral RNA were found, as well as a lower Minimum Infection Rate (MIR). Genomic and phylogeographic analysis showed that the virus clustered in the sub-lineage YFVPA-MG, which circulated in Pará in 2017 and then spread into other regions of the country. The results reported here contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology and mechanisms of YFV dispersion and maintenance, especially in adverse weather conditions. The intense viral circulation, even outside the seasonal period, increases the importance of surveillance and YFV vaccination to protect human populations in affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cirilo H. de Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel S. Andrade
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sabin Diagnóstico e Saúde, Brasília 70632-340, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, TO, Brazil
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Jader da C. Cardoso
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Silva Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Aline AS Campos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco AB Almeida
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization Office in Brazil, Brasília 70800-400, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Anaiá da P. Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Andrea Oliveira Dias Temponi
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Maria Magalhães
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Agna Soares da Silva Menezes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu Teixeira Lopes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Hermes P. Almeida
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Pedroso
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovani Pontel Gonçalves
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Costa Capistrano Chaves
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Givaldo Gomes de Menezes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sofía Bernal-Valle
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Nicolas FD Müller
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Janssen
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Edmilson dos Santos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Mares-Guia
- Flavivirus Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - George R. Albuquerque
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Alessandro PM Romano
- General Coordination of Arbovirus Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70058-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Franco
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M. Ribeiro
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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6
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Ribeiro IP, Delatorre E, de Abreu FVS, dos Santos AAC, Furtado ND, Ferreira-de-Brito A, de Pina-Costa A, Neves MSAS, de Castro MG, Motta MDA, Brasil P, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Bonaldo MC. Ecological, Genetic, and Phylogenetic Aspects of YFV 2017-2019 Spread in Rio de Janeiro State. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020437. [PMID: 36851651 PMCID: PMC9961572 DOI: 10.3390/v15020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, a yellow fever (YF) outbreak was reported in areas considered YF-free for decades. The low vaccination coverage and the increasing forest fragmentation, with the wide distribution of vector mosquitoes, have been related to yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission beyond endemic areas since 2016. Aiming to elucidate the molecular and phylogenetic aspects of YFV spread on a local scale, we generated 43 new YFV genomes sampled from humans, non-human primates (NHP), and primarily, mosquitoes from highly heterogenic areas in 15 localities from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state during the YFV 2016-2019 outbreak in southeast Brazil. Our analysis revealed that the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of the sylvatic transmission of YFV in RJ originated from at least two introductions and followed two chains of dissemination, here named the YFV RJ-I and YFV RJ-II clades. They moved with similar dispersal speeds from the north to the south of the RJ state in parallel directions, separated by the Serra do Mar Mountain chain, with YFV RJ-I invading the north coast of São Paulo state. The YFV RJ-I clade showed a more significant heterogeneity across the entire polyprotein. The YFV RJ-II clade, with only two amino acid polymorphisms, mapped at NS1 (I1086V), present only in mosquitoes at the same locality and NS4A (I2176V), shared by all YFV clade RJ-II, suggests a recent clustering of YFV isolates collected from different hosts. Our analyses strengthen the role of surveillance, genomic analyses of YVF isolated from other hosts, and environmental studies into the strategies to forecast, control, and prevent yellow fever outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edson Delatorre
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Araújo Cunha dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Pina-Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Teresópolis, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, UNIFESO, Teresópolis 25955-001, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.L.-d.-O.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.L.-d.-O.); (M.C.B.)
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7
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Furtado ND, de Mello IS, de Godoy AS, Noske GD, Oliva G, Canard B, Decroly E, Bonaldo MC. Amino Acid Polymorphisms on the Brazilian Strain of Yellow Fever Virus Methyltransferase Are Related to the Host's Immune Evasion Mediated by Type I Interferon. Viruses 2023; 15:191. [PMID: 36680231 PMCID: PMC9863089 DOI: 10.3390/v15010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since late 2016, a yellow fever virus (YFV) variant carrying a set of nine amino acid variations has circulated in South America. Three of them were mapped on the methyltransferase (MTase) domain of viral NS5 protein. To assess whether these changes affected viral infectivity, we synthesized YFV carrying the MTase of circulating lineage as well as its isoform with the residues of the previous strains (NS5 K101R, NS5 V138I, and NS5 G173S). We observed a slight difference in viral growth properties and plaque phenotype between the two synthetic YFVs. However, the MTase polymorphisms associated with the Brazilian strain of YFV (2016-2019) confer more susceptibility to the IFN-I. In addition, in vitro MTase assay revealed that the interaction between the YFV MTase and the methyl donor molecule (SAM) is altered in the Brazilian MTase variant. Altogether, the results reported here describe that the MTase carrying the molecular signature of the Brazilian YFV circulating since 2016 might display a slight decrease in its catalytic activity but virtually no effect on viral fitness in the parameters comprised in this study. The most marked influence of these residues stands in the immune escape against the antiviral response mediated by IFN-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Iasmim Silva de Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Andre Schutzer de Godoy
- Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos-USP, São Paulo 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dias Noske
- Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos-USP, São Paulo 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos-USP, São Paulo 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Bruno Canard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7257, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7257, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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8
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Occurrence of yellow fever outbreaks in a partially vaccinated population: An analysis of the effective reproduction number. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010741. [PMID: 36108073 PMCID: PMC9514630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yellow fever is endemic in Africa and the Americas, occurring in urban or sylvatic environments. The infection presents varying symptoms, with high case-fatality among severe cases. In 2016, Brazil had sylvatic yellow fever outbreaks with more than 11 thousand cases, predominantly affecting the country’s Southeast region. The state of Minas Gerais accounted for 30% of cases, even after the vaccine had been included in the immunization calendar for at least 30 years. Methodology and principal findings We applied parameters described in the literature from yellow fever disease into a compartmental model of vector-borne diseases, using namely generation time intervals, vital host and vector parameters, and force of infection, using macroregions as the spatial unit and epidemiological weeks as the time interval. The model permits obtaining the reproduction number, which we analyzed from reported cases of yellow fever from 2016 to 2018 in residents of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Minas Gerais recorded two outbreak periods, starting in EW 51/2016 and EW 51/2017. Of all the reported cases (3,304), 57% were men 30 to 59 years of age. Approximately 27% of cases (905) were confirmed, and 22% (202) of these individuals died. The estimated effective reproduction number varied from 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0–3.6) to 7.2 (95% CI: 4.4–10.9], found in the Oeste and Nordeste regions, respectively. Vaccination coverage in children under one year of age showed heterogeneity among the municipalities comprising the macroregions. Conclusion The outbreaks in multiple parts of the state and the estimated Re values raise concern since the state population was partially vaccinated. Heterogeneity in vaccination coverage may have been associated with the occurrence of outbreaks in the first period, while the subsequent intense vaccination campaign may have determined lower Re values in the second period. Yellow fever attracts important research interest since it is an avoidable disease and is still recurrent in Brazil. Although the country has an important public policy that integrates production, distribution, and routine application of the yellow fever vaccine, the disease is still included on the list of endemic infectious diseases in some regions. Surprisingly, regions that were not previously part of risk areas for yellow fever were heavily affected by the outbreak from 2016 to 2018 in the country. Understanding the outbreak’s occurrence and intensity in the state of Minas Gerais based on the effective reproduction number, the focus of this article, is just part of the larger goal of defining with greater certainty the risk areas for yellow fever and proposing measures to control the spread of the disease.
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9
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Continuous Circulation of Yellow Fever among Rural Populations in the Central African Republic. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092014. [PMID: 36146820 PMCID: PMC9503741 DOI: 10.3390/v14092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever remains a public-health threat in remote regions of Africa. Here, we report the identification and genetic characterisation of one yellow-fever case observed during the investigation of a cluster of nine suspected haemorrhagic fever cases in a village in the Central African Republic. Samples were tested using real-time RT-PCR targeting the main African haemorrhagic fever viruses. Following negative results, we attempted virus isolation on VERO E6 cells and new-born mice and rescreened the samples using rRT-PCR. The whole viral genome was sequenced using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. Yellow-fever virus (YFV) was isolated from one woman who reported farming activities in a forest setting several days before disease onset. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this strain belongs to the East–Central African YFV genotype, with an estimated emergence some 63 years ago. Finally, five unique amino-acid changes are present in the capsid, envelop, NS1A, NS3, and NS4B proteins. More efforts are required to control yellow-fever re-emergence in resource-limited settings.
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10
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Phenotypic and Genetic Studies of the Viral Lineage Associated with the Recent Yellow Fever Outbreak in Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081818. [PMID: 36016440 PMCID: PMC9412561 DOI: 10.3390/v14081818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) caused an outbreak in the Brazilian Southeast from 2016 to 2019, of the most significant magnitude since the 1900s. An investigation of the circulating virus revealed that most of the genomes detected in this period carried nine unique amino acid polymorphisms, with eight located in the non-structural proteins NS3 and NS5, which are pivotal for viral replication. To elucidate the effect of these amino acid changes on viral infection, we constructed viruses carrying amino acid alterations in NS3 and NS5, performed infection in different cells, and assessed their neurovirulence in BALB/c mice and infected AG129 mice. We observed that the residues that compose the YFV 2016-2019 molecular signature in the NS5 protein might have been related to an attenuated phenotype, and that the alterations in the NS3 protein only slightly affected viral infection in AG129 mice, increasing to a low extent the mortality rate of these animals. These results contributed to unveiling the role of specific naturally occurring amino acid changes in the circulating strain of YFV in Brazil.
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11
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Mapping and Validation of Peptides Differentially Recognized by Antibodies from the Serum of Yellow Fever Virus-Infected or 17DD-Vaccinated Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081645. [PMID: 36016268 PMCID: PMC9415205 DOI: 10.3390/v14081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow Fever disease is caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family. The re-emergence of Yellow Fever (YF) was facilitated by the increasing urbanization of sylvatic areas, the wide distribution of the mosquito vector, and the low percentage of people immunized in the Americas, which caused severe outbreaks in recent years, with a high mortality rate. Therefore, serological approaches capable of discerning antibodies generated from the wild-type (YFV-WT) strain between the vaccinal strain (YFV-17DD) could facilitate vaccine coverage surveillance, enabling the development of strategies to avoid new outbreaks. In this study, peptides were designed and subjected to microarray procedures with sera collected from individuals infected by WT-YFV and 17DD–YFV of YFV during the Brazilian outbreak of YFV in 2017/2018. From 222 screened peptides, around ten could potentially integrate serological approaches aiming to differentiate vaccinated individuals from naturally infected individuals. Among those peptides, one was synthesized and validated through ELISA.
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12
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Bonfim FFDO, Mares-Guia MAMDM, Horta MA, Chame M, Lopes ADO, Santos R, Matias CAR, Pinto MA, de Filippis AMB, de Paula VS. Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 and Human alphaherpesvirus 1 in New World Primate negative for yellow fever virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210258. [PMID: 35416837 PMCID: PMC9005061 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpesvirus transmission between humans and non-human primate (NHP) can occur through contact scratches with lesions, infected saliva, and mainly through contaminated food. Therefore, cross-infection can lead to severe illness or even death for both the animal and human. In 2017, during the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, species of the New World Primates (NWP) from Rio de Janeiro state, tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) detection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate herpesvirus in the population NWP in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS To investigate, liver samples of 283 NWP, from several regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, were tested for the herpesvirus family using a Pan-polymerase chain reaction (Pan-PCR) and sequencing. FINDINGS 34.6% (98/283) tested positive for at least one herpesvirus; 29.3% (83/283) tested positive to Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), this virus from humans can be lethal to New World monkey; 13% (37/283) were detected Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 (CalHV-3), responsible for lymphoproliferative disease that can be fatal in NWP. In addition, CalHV-3 / HSV-1 co-infection was in 11.6% (33/283) of the samples. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pan-herpesvirus was useful to identify species-specific herpesviruses and virus from human that can infect animals. Furthermore, during an outbreak of YF other infections should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Horta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Plataforma Institucional de Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Rey Matias
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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13
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Furtado ND, Raphael LDM, Ribeiro IP, de Mello IS, Fernandes DR, Gómez MM, dos Santos AAC, Nogueira MDS, de Castro MG, de Abreu FVS, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Bonaldo MC. Biological Characterization of Yellow Fever Viruses Isolated From Non-human Primates in Brazil With Distinct Genomic Landscapes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:757084. [PMID: 35237244 PMCID: PMC8882863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.757084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the XXI Century, the yellow fever virus (YFV) has been cyclically spreading from the Amazon basin to Brazil’s South and Southeast regions, culminating in an unprecedented outbreak that started in 2016. In this work, we studied four YFV isolated from non-human primates obtained during outbreaks in the states of Rio Grande do Sul in 2008 (PR4408), Goiás (GO05), and Espírito Santo (ES-504) in 2017, and Rio de Janeiro (RJ 155) in 2019. These isolates have genomic differences mainly distributed in non-structural proteins. We compared the isolates’ rates of infection in mammal and mosquito cells and neurovirulence in adult mice. RJ 155 and PR4408 YFV isolates exhibited higher infectivity in mammalian cells and neurovirulence in mice. In mosquito Aag2 cells, GO05 and PR4408 displayed the lowest proliferation rates. These results suggest that RJ 155 and PR4408 YFV isolates carry some genomic markers that increase infectivity in mammal hosts. From this characterization, it is possible to contribute to discovering new molecular markers for the virulence of YFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane de Menezes Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iasmim Silva de Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Déberli Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mônica da Silva Nogueira
- Centro de Experimentação Animal, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Myrna Cristina Bonaldo,
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14
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Abreu FVSD, de Andreazzi CS, Neves MSAS, Meneguete PS, Ribeiro MS, Dias CMG, de Albuquerque Motta M, Barcellos C, Romão AR, Magalhães MDAFM, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Ecological and environmental factors affecting transmission of sylvatic yellow fever in the 2017-2019 outbreak in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35012637 PMCID: PMC8750868 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an arbovirus that, despite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine, continues to cause outbreaks of varying dimensions in the Americas and Africa. Between 2017 and 2019, Brazil registered un unprecedented sylvatic YFV outbreak whose severity was the result of its spread into zones of the Atlantic Forest with no signals of viral circulation for nearly 80 years. METHODS To investigate the influence of climatic, environmental, and ecological factors governing the dispersion and force of infection of YFV in a naïve area such as the landscape mosaic of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), we combined the analyses of a large set of data including entomological sampling performed before and during the 2017-2019 outbreak, with the geolocation of human and nonhuman primates (NHP) and mosquito infections. RESULTS A greater abundance of Haemagogus mosquitoes combined with lower richness and diversity of mosquito fauna increased the probability of finding a YFV-infected mosquito. Furthermore, the analysis of functional traits showed that certain functional groups, composed mainly of Aedini mosquitoes which includes Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes, are also more representative in areas where infected mosquitoes were found. Human and NHP infections were more common in two types of landscapes: large and continuous forest, capable of harboring many YFV hosts, and patches of small forest fragments, where environmental imbalance can lead to a greater density of the primary vectors and high human exposure. In both, we show that most human infections (~ 62%) occurred within an 11-km radius of the finding of an infected NHP, which is in line with the flight range of the primary vectors. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that entomological data and landscape composition analyses may help to predict areas permissive to yellow fever outbreaks, allowing protective measures to be taken to avoid human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG Brazil
| | - Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Present Address: Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Soares Meneguete
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Ribeiro
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Giordano Dias
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Christovam Barcellos
- Laboratório de Informação em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Anselmo Rocha Romão
- Laboratório de Informação em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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15
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Haslwanter D, Lasso G, Wec AZ, Furtado ND, Raphael LMS, Tse AL, Sun Y, Stransky S, Pedreño-Lopez N, Correia CA, Bornholdt ZA, Sakharkar M, Avelino-Silva VI, Moyer CL, Watkins DI, Kallas EG, Sidoli S, Walker LM, Bonaldo MC, Chandran K. Genotype-specific features reduce the susceptibility of South American yellow fever virus strains to vaccine-induced antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:248-259.e6. [PMID: 34998466 PMCID: PMC10067022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of yellow fever in South America has prompted vaccination against the etiologic agent, yellow fever virus (YFV). Current vaccines are based on a live-attenuated YF-17D virus derived from a virulent African isolate. The capacity of these vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies against the vaccine strain is used as a surrogate for protection. However, the sensitivity of genetically distinct South American strains to vaccine-induced antibodies is unknown. We show that antiviral potency of the polyclonal antibody response in vaccinees is attenuated against an emergent Brazilian strain. This reduction was attributable to amino acid changes at two sites in central domain II of the glycoprotein E, including multiple changes at the domain I-domain II hinge, which are unique to and shared among most South American YFV strains. Our findings call for a reevaluation of current approaches to YFV immunological surveillance in South America and suggest approaches for updating vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Menezes Souza Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra L Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Núria Pedreño-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Carolina Argondizo Correia
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivian I Avelino-Silva
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - David I Watkins
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Myrna C Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Gava C, Silva TCCD, Lyra DGP, Ardisson KS, Marques CS, Almada GL, Corrêa LMC, Siqueira PC, Rodrigues GAP, Moura LD, Cruz OG, Maciel ELN, Camacho LAB. Prevenção e controle da febre amarela: avaliação de ações de vigilância em área indene no Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00000521. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A partir da reemergência da febre amarela em 2014/2015, o Brasil registrou nos anos sequentes sua maior epidemia de febre amarela das últimas décadas, atingindo principalmente a região sudeste. A febre amarela, doença viral hemorrágica, é causada por um flavivírus, transmitido por mosquitos silvestres (Haemagogus; Sabethes). Na ocorrência do ciclo urbano, erradicado no Brasil desde 1942, a transmissão se dá pelo Aedes aegypti. Primatas não humanos são os principais hospedeiros do vírus e constituem “sentinelas” na vigilância da febre amarela. Este artigo descreve as ações de controle e prevenção desencadeadas durante a epidemia de febre amarela no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, e a implementação da vacinação por meio de um estudo ecológico com abordagem espacial. O estudo evidenciou a falha na detecção de epizootias em primatas não humanos pelos serviços de vigilância do Espírito Santo, sendo simultânea à detecção em humanos. Apresentou a evolução das ações de vacinação, com alcance de 85% de cobertura vacinal geral para o estado em seis meses, sendo heterogênea entre os municípios (de 59% a 122%). Destaca-se que 55% dos municípios com ações de imunização em tempo oportuno, considerando o intervalo adotado para este estudo, não apresentaram casos em humanos. A intensificação das ações de vigilância, interlocução entre as áreas e equipes multidisciplinares na condução da epidemia otimizou a detecção e o diagnóstico dos casos em humanos e viabilizou o controle da epidemia. Foi possível reconhecer avanços, apontar algumas medidas tardias e lacunas na vigilância que necessitam melhorias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gava
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilton Luiz Almada
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Brasil; Universidade de Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lenildo de Moura
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Brasil; Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasil
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17
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Andrade MDS, Campos FS, Campos AAS, Abreu FVS, Melo FL, Sevá ADP, Cardoso JDC, Dos Santos E, Born LC, da Silva CMD, Müller NFD, de Oliveira CH, da Silva AJJ, Simonini-Teixeira D, Bernal-Valle S, Mares-Guia MAMM, Albuquerque GR, Romano APM, Franco AC, Ribeiro BM, Roehe PM, de Almeida MAB. Real-Time Genomic Surveillance during the 2021 Re-Emergence of the Yellow Fever Virus in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101976. [PMID: 34696408 PMCID: PMC8539658 DOI: 10.3390/v13101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2021 re-emergence of yellow fever in non-human primates in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southernmost Brazil, resulted in the death of many howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) and led the state to declare a Public Health Emergency of State Importance, despite no human cases reported. In this study, near-complete genomes of yellow fever virus (YFV) recovered from the outbreak were sequenced and examined aiming at a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and the spatio-temporal dynamics of the virus distribution. Our results suggest that the most likely sequence of events involved the reintroduction of YFV from the state of São Paulo to RS through the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, by the end of 2020. These findings reinforce the role of genomic surveillance in determining the pathways of distribution of the virus and in providing references for the implementation of preventive measures for populations in high risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de S. Andrade
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil; (M.d.S.A.); (F.L.M.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Tocantins, Brazil;
| | - Aline A. S. Campos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.A.S.C.); (J.d.C.C.); (E.d.S.); (L.C.B.); (C.M.D.d.S.)
| | - Filipe V. S. Abreu
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.V.S.A.); (C.H.d.O.); (A.J.J.d.S.)
| | - Fernando L. Melo
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil; (M.d.S.A.); (F.L.M.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Anaiá da P. Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.P.S.); (D.S.-T.); (S.B.-V.); (G.R.A.)
| | - Jader da C. Cardoso
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.A.S.C.); (J.d.C.C.); (E.d.S.); (L.C.B.); (C.M.D.d.S.)
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.A.S.C.); (J.d.C.C.); (E.d.S.); (L.C.B.); (C.M.D.d.S.)
| | - Lucas C. Born
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.A.S.C.); (J.d.C.C.); (E.d.S.); (L.C.B.); (C.M.D.d.S.)
| | - Cláudia M. D. da Silva
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.A.S.C.); (J.d.C.C.); (E.d.S.); (L.C.B.); (C.M.D.d.S.)
| | - Nicolas F. D. Müller
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (N.F.D.M.); (A.C.F.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Cirilo H. de Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.V.S.A.); (C.H.d.O.); (A.J.J.d.S.)
| | - Alex J. J. da Silva
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.V.S.A.); (C.H.d.O.); (A.J.J.d.S.)
| | - Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.P.S.); (D.S.-T.); (S.B.-V.); (G.R.A.)
| | - Sofía Bernal-Valle
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.P.S.); (D.S.-T.); (S.B.-V.); (G.R.A.)
| | - Maria A. M. M. Mares-Guia
- Flavivirus Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - George R. Albuquerque
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.P.S.); (D.S.-T.); (S.B.-V.); (G.R.A.)
| | - Alessandro P. M. Romano
- General Coordination of Arbovirus Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70058-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil;
| | - Ana C. Franco
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (N.F.D.M.); (A.C.F.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Bergmann M. Ribeiro
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil; (M.d.S.A.); (F.L.M.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (N.F.D.M.); (A.C.F.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Marco A. B. de Almeida
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.A.S.C.); (J.d.C.C.); (E.d.S.); (L.C.B.); (C.M.D.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Carrillo-Bilbao G, Martin-Solano S, Saegerman C. Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:1009. [PMID: 34451473 PMCID: PMC8400055 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding which non-human primates (NHPs) act as a wild reservoir for blood-borne pathogens will allow us to better understand the ecology of diseases and the role of NHPs in the emergence of human diseases in Ecuador, a small country in South America that lacks information on most of these pathogens. Methods and principal findings: A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Carrillo-Bilbao
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Facultad de Filosofía y Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador;
| | - Sarah Martin-Solano
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador;
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, 171103 Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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19
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Gallardo-Flores CE, Colpitts CC. Cyclophilins and Their Roles in Hepatitis C Virus and Flavivirus Infections: Perspectives for Novel Antiviral Approaches. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070902. [PMID: 34358052 PMCID: PMC8308494 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are cellular peptidyl-prolyl isomerases that play an important role in viral infections, with demonstrated roles in the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, such as dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Here, we discuss the roles of cyclophilins in HCV infection and provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying the requirement for cyclophilins during HCV replication. Notably, cyclophilin inhibitor therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing HCV replication in chronically infected patients. While the roles of cyclophilins are relatively well-understood for HCV infection, cyclophilins are more recently emerging as host factors for flavivirus infection as well, providing potential new therapeutic avenues for these viral infections which currently lack antiviral therapies. However, further studies are required to elucidate the roles of cyclophilins in flavivirus replication. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of cyclophilins in HCV infection to provide a conceptual framework to understand how cyclophilins may contribute to other viral infections, such as DENV and YFV. Improved understanding of the roles of cyclophilins in viral infection may open perspectives for the development of cyclophilin inhibitors as effective antiviral therapeutics for HCV and related viruses.
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20
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Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a Yellow Fever Virus Isolated from a Baby Howler Monkey ( Alouatta caraya) from São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2016. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/1/e01244-20. [PMID: 33414341 PMCID: PMC8407717 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01244-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a coding-complete sequence of a yellow fever virus, strain JabSPM02, containing the 3′ untranslated region and all coding regions. The virus was recovered from an infected howler monkey from a rural area in São Paulo State, Brazil. Our findings show that it belongs to the South America 1E genotype. We report a coding-complete sequence of a yellow fever virus, strain JabSPM02, containing the 3′ untranslated region and all coding regions. The virus was recovered from an infected howler monkey from a rural area in São Paulo State, Brazil. Our findings show that it belongs to the South America 1E genotype.
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21
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Identification of Novel Yellow Fever Class II Epitopes in YF-17D Vaccinees. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111300. [PMID: 33198381 PMCID: PMC7697718 DOI: 10.3390/v12111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne member of the genus flavivirus, including other important human-pathogenic viruses, such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika. Herein, we report identifying 129 YFV Class II epitopes in donors vaccinated with the live attenuated YFV vaccine (YFV-17D). A total of 1156 peptides predicted to bind 17 different common HLA-DRB1 allelic variants were tested using IFNγ ELISPOT assays in vitro re-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from twenty-six vaccinees. Overall, we detected responses against 215 YFV epitopes. We found that the capsid and envelope proteins, as well as the non-structural (NS) proteins NS3 and NS5, were the most targeted proteins by CD4+ T cells from YF-VAX vaccinated donors. In addition, we designed and validated by flow cytometry a CD4+ mega pool (MP) composed of structural and non-structural epitopes in an independent cohort of vaccinated donors. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive prediction and validation of YFV epitopes in a cohort of YF-17D vaccinated individuals. With the design of a CD4 epitope MP, we further provide a useful tool to detect ex vivo responses of YFV-specific CD4 T cells in small sample volumes.
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22
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de Oliveira Figueiredo P, Stoffella-Dutra AG, Barbosa Costa G, Silva de Oliveira J, Dourado Amaral C, Duarte Santos J, Soares Rocha KL, Araújo Júnior JP, Lacerda Nogueira M, Zazá Borges MA, Pereira Paglia A, Desiree LaBeaud A, Santos Abrahão J, Geessien Kroon E, Bretas de Oliveira D, Paiva Drumond B, de Souza Trindade G. Re-Emergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil during 2016-2019: Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Perspectives. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111233. [PMID: 33143114 PMCID: PMC7692154 DOI: 10.3390/v12111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a re-emerging viral zoonosis caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP). YF is endemic in South America and Africa, being considered a burden for public health worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine. Acute infectious disease can progress to severe hemorrhagic conditions and has high rates of morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. In 2016, Brazil started experiencing one of the most significant YF epidemics in its history, with lots of deaths being reported in regions that were previously considered free of the disease. Here, we reviewed the historical aspects of YF in Brazil, the epidemiology of the disease, the challenges that remain in Brazil’s public health context, the main lessons learned from the recent outbreaks, and our perspective for facing future YF epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Ana Gabriella Stoffella-Dutra
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.-D.); (G.B.C.); (G.d.S.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2747 (G.d.S.T.)
| | - Galileu Barbosa Costa
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.-D.); (G.B.C.); (G.d.S.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2747 (G.d.S.T.)
| | - Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Carolina Dourado Amaral
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Juliane Duarte Santos
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5.000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Brazil; (J.D.S.); (K.L.S.R.); (D.B.d.O.)
| | - Kamila Lorene Soares Rocha
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5.000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Brazil; (J.D.S.); (K.L.S.R.); (D.B.d.O.)
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, São Paulo Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista 13506-900, Brazil;
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Magno Augusto Zazá Borges
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Rui Braga, s/n, Vila Mauriceia 39408-354, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr Rm G312 MC 5208, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5.000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Brazil; (J.D.S.); (K.L.S.R.); (D.B.d.O.)
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (P.d.O.F.); (J.S.d.O.); (C.D.A.); (J.S.A.); (E.G.K.); (B.P.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.-D.); (G.B.C.); (G.d.S.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2747 (G.d.S.T.)
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23
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Grifoni A, Voic H, Dhanda SK, Kidd CK, Brien JD, Buus S, Stryhn A, Durbin AP, Whitehead S, Diehl SA, De Silva AD, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Weiskopf D, Sette A. T Cell Responses Induced by Attenuated Flavivirus Vaccination Are Specific and Show Limited Cross-Reactivity with Other Flavivirus Species. J Virol 2020; 94:e00089-20. [PMID: 32132233 PMCID: PMC7199411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00089-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the flavivirus genus share a high level of sequence similarity and often circulate in the same geographical regions. However, whether T cells induced by one viral species cross-react with other related flaviviruses has not been globally addressed. In this study, we tested pools of epitopes derived from dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), West Nile (WNV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals naturally exposed to DENV or immunized with DENV (TV005) or YF17D vaccine. CD8 T cell responses recognized epitopes from multiple flaviviruses; however, the magnitude of cross-reactive responses was consistently severalfold lower than those to the autologous epitope pools and was associated with lower expression of activation markers such as CD40L, CD69, and CD137. Next, we characterized the antigen sensitivity of short-term T cell lines (TCL) representing 29 different individual epitope/donor combinations. TCL derived from DENV monovalent vaccinees induced CD8 and CD4 T cells that cross-reacted within the DENV serocomplex but were consistently associated with >100-fold-lower antigen sensitivity for most other flaviviruses, with no cross-recognition of YFV-derived peptides. CD8 and CD4 TCL from YF17D vaccinees were associated with very limited cross-reactivity with any other flaviviruses and in five out of eight cases >1,000-fold-lower antigen sensitivity. Overall, our data suggest limited cross-reactivity for both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses between flaviviruses and have implications for understanding immunity elicited by natural infection and strategies to develop live attenuated vaccines against flaviviral species.IMPORTANCE The envelope (E) protein is the dominant target of neutralizing antibodies for dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Accordingly, several DENV vaccine constructs use the E protein in a live attenuated vaccine format, utilizing a backbone derived from a heterologous flavivirus (such as YF) as a delivery vector. This backbone comprises the nonstructural (NS) and capsid (C) antigens, which are dominant targets of T cell responses. Here, we demonstrate that cross-reactivity at the level of T cell responses among different flaviviruses is very limited, despite high levels of sequence homology. Thus, the use of heterologous flavivirus species as a live attenuated vaccine vector is not likely to generate optimal T cell responses and might thus impair vaccine performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hannah Voic
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Conner K Kidd
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Søren Buus
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Stryhn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Whitehead
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean A Diehl
- University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Aruna D De Silva
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, National Center for Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Santos M, Collado Mariscal L, Henríquez B, Garzón J, González P, Carrera JP, Tello J, Koo S, Pascale JM, Burkett-Cadena N, Armién B, Valderrama A. Implementation of bamboo and monkey-pot traps for the sampling cavity-breeding mosquitoes in Darién, Panama. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105352. [PMID: 31981495 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes in the transmission of yellow fever virus (YFV) and the public health impacts of recent YFV epidemics in the Americas, relatively little has been reported on the biology and ecology of these vectors. Many Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes spp. in the American tropics inhabit and develop in the forest canopy and are difficult to sample with conventional entomological surveillance methods. We tested the utility of two previously developed phytotelmata-style oviposition traps (bamboo Guadua angustifolia) and (monkey-pot Lecythis minor), for collecting immature forms of these mosquitoes in a forest near the community of Aruza Abajo, Darién Province, Panama. Our results showed distribution of mosquito species emerging from the two types of traps was found to be significantly different (X2 = 210.23; df = 14; P < 0.001), with significantly greater numbers of Sabethes (Peytonulus) aurescens (Lutz) and Sabethes (Peytonulus) undosus (Coquillett) emerging from the bamboo traps. More females of Sabethes (Sabethes) cyaneus (Fabricius) were captured in the monkey-pot traps, although the difference was not significant. No differences were observed in the average time to emergence for the two traps. These results suggest that various phytotelmata-style traps, including monkey-pot and bamboo, could be used to improve entomological surveillance of YFV vectors in the American tropic.
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Noske GD, Gawriljuk VO, Fernandes RS, Furtado ND, Bonaldo MC, Oliva G, Godoy AS. Structural characterization and polymorphism analysis of the NS2B-NS3 protease from the 2017 Brazilian circulating strain of Yellow Fever virus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Abreu FVS, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Azevedo ADS, Linhares JHR, de Oliveira Santos V, Hime Miranda E, Neves MSAS, Yousfi L, Ribeiro IP, dos Santos AAC, dos Santos E, dos Santos TP, Teixeira DS, Gomes MQ, Fernandes CB, da Silva AMV, Lima MDRQ, Paupy C, Romano APM, Ano Bom APD, de Oliveira-Pinto LM, Moutailler S, Motta MDA, Castro MG, Bonaldo MC, Maria Barbosa de Lima S, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil. Viruses 2020; 12:E364. [PMID: 32224891 PMCID: PMC7232473 DOI: 10.3390/v12040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015-2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region's receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - José Henrique Rezende Linhares
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Emily Hime Miranda
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Lena Yousfi
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.P.R.); (A.A.C.d.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Alexandre Araújo Cunha dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.P.R.); (A.A.C.d.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Edmilson dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil;
| | - Taissa Pereira dos Santos
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (T.P.d.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Danilo Simonini Teixeira
- Núcleo de Atendimento e Pesquisa de Animais Silvestres, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Camilla Bayma Fernandes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.B.F.); (A.M.V.d.S.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.B.F.); (A.M.V.d.S.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.d.R.Q.L.); (L.M.d.O.-P.)
| | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (T.P.d.S.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.B.F.); (A.M.V.d.S.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Luzia Maria de Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.d.R.Q.L.); (L.M.d.O.-P.)
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.P.R.); (A.A.C.d.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
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Silva NIO, Sacchetto L, de Rezende IM, Trindade GDS, LaBeaud AD, de Thoisy B, Drumond BP. Recent sylvatic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil: the news from an old disease. Virol J 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 31973727 PMCID: PMC6979359 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral disease, affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP), caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite the existence of a safe vaccine, YF continues to cause morbidity and mortality in thousands of people in Africa and South America. Since 2016, massive YF outbreaks have taken place in Brazil, reaching YF-free zones, causing thousands of deaths of humans and NHP. Here we reviewed the main epidemiological aspects, new clinical findings in humans, and issues regarding YFV infection in vectors and NHP in Brazil. The 2016-2019 YF epidemics have been considered the most significant outbreaks of the last 70 years in the country, and the number of human cases was 2.8 times higher than total cases in the previous 36 years. A new YFV lineage was associated with the recent outbreaks, with persistent circulation in Southeast Brazil until 2019. Due to the high number of infected patients, it was possible to evaluate severity and death predictors and new clinical features of YF. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus were considered the primary vectors during the outbreaks, and no human case suggested the occurrence of the urban transmission cycle. YFV was detected in a variety of NHP specimens presenting viscerotropic disease, similar to that described experimentally. Further studies regarding NHP sensitivity to YFV, YF pathogenesis, and the duration of the immune response in NHP could contribute to YF surveillance, control, and future strategies for NHP conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Howler monkeys are the reservoir of malarial parasites causing zoonotic infections in the Atlantic forest of Rio de Janeiro. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007906. [PMID: 31815937 PMCID: PMC6922453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although malaria cases have substantially decreased in Southeast Brazil, a significant increase in the number of Plasmodium vivax-like autochthonous human cases has been reported in remote areas of the Atlantic Forest in the past few decades in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, including an outbreak during 2015-2016. The singular clinical and epidemiological aspects in several human cases, and collectively with molecular and genetic data, revealed that they were due to the non-human primate (NHP) parasite Plasmodium simium; however, the understanding of the autochthonous malarial epidemiology in Southeast Brazil can only be acquired by assessing the circulation of NHP Plasmodium in the foci and determining its hosts. METHODOLOGY A large sampling effort was carried out in the Atlantic forest of RJ and its bordering states (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo) for collecting and examining free-living NHPs. Blood and/or viscera were analyzed for Plasmodium infections via molecular and microscopic techniques. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In total, 146 NHPs of six species, from 30 counties in four states, were tested, of which majority were collected from RJ. Howler monkeys (Alouatta clamitans) were the only species found infected. In RJ, 26% of these monkeys tested positive, of which 17% were found to be infected with P. simium. Importantly, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms-the only available genetic markers that differentiate P. simium from P. vivax-were detected in all P. simium infected A. clamitans despite their geographical origin of malarial foci. Interestingly, 71% of P. simium infected NHPs were from the coastal slope of a mountain chain (Serra do Mar), where majority of the human cases were found. Plasmodium brasilianum/malariae was initially detected in 14% and 25% free-living howler monkeys in RJ and in the Espírito Santo (ES) state, respectively. Moreover, the malarial pigment was detected in the spleen fragments of 50% of a subsample comprising dead howler monkeys in both RJ and ES. All NHPs were negative for Plasmodium falciparum. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that howler monkeys act as the main reservoir for the Atlantic forest human malarial parasites in RJ and other sites in Southeast Brazil and reinforce its zoonotic characteristics.
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Escosteguy CC, Pereira AGL, Marques MRVE, Lima TRDA, Galliez RM, Medronho RDA. Yellow fever: profile of cases and factors associated with death in a hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, 2017-2018. Rev Saude Publica 2019; 53:89. [PMID: 31644770 PMCID: PMC6802947 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of yellow fever whose patients were hospitalized in a general hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from March 11, 2017 to June 15, 2018, during a recent outbreak and factors associated with death. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study with analysis of secondary databases of local epidemiological surveillance system, and complementary data collection from epidemiological investigation records and clinical records. Study variables included demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data. A descriptive statistical analysis and a bivariate and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were performed to analyze factors associated with death. RESULTS Fifty-two patients diagnosed with yellow fever were hospitalized, 86.5% male patients, median age 49.5 years, 40.4% rural workers. The most frequent signs and symptoms were fever (90.4%), jaundice (86.5%), nausea and/or vomiting (69.2%), changes in renal excretion (53.8%), bleeding (50%), and abdominal pain (48.1%), with comorbidity in 38.5% of all cases. The lethality rate was 40.4%. Factors significantly associated with a higher chance of death in the bivariate analysis were: bleeding, changes in renal excretion, and maximum values of direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine. In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, only changes in renal excretion and ALT remained significant predictors of higher chance of death. A threshold effect was also observed for AST. The cutoff points identified as high risk for death were ALT > 4,000 U/L and AST > 6,000 U/L. CONCLUSIONS This study contributed to the knowledge on the profile of confirmed cases of high severity yellow fever. The main factors associated with death were changes in renal excretion and elevated serum transaminases, especially ALT. High lethality emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and treatment, and the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Gonçalves Lisbôa Pereira
- Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado. Serviço de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Estácio de Sá. Faculdade de Medicina. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Araujo Lima
- Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado. Serviço de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Enfermagem. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael Mello Galliez
- Instituto Estadual de Infectologia São Sebastião. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Medicina. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roberto de Andrade Medronho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Medicina. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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A New High-Throughput Tool to Screen Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Zika Virus Endemic/Epidemic Areas. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100904. [PMID: 31569736 PMCID: PMC6832350 DOI: 10.3390/v11100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses affecting animal and human health. Arboviruses circulate primarily within an enzootic cycle and recurrent spillovers contribute to the emergence of human-adapted viruses able to initiate an urban cycle involving anthropophilic mosquitoes. The increasing volume of travel and trade offers multiple opportunities for arbovirus introduction in new regions. This scenario has been exemplified recently with the Zika pandemic. To incriminate a mosquito as vector of a pathogen, several criteria are required such as the detection of natural infections in mosquitoes. In this study, we used a high-throughput chip based on the BioMark™ Dynamic arrays system capable of detecting 64 arboviruses in a single experiment. A total of 17,958 mosquitoes collected in Zika-endemic/epidemic countries (Brazil, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Suriname, Senegal, and Cambodia) were analyzed. Here we show that this new tool can detect endemic and epidemic viruses in different mosquito species in an epidemic context. Thus, this fast and low-cost method can be suggested as a novel epidemiological surveillance tool to identify circulating arboviruses.
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de Abreu FVS, Dos Santos E, Gomes MQ, Vargas WP, de Oliveira Passos PH, Nunes E Silva C, Araújo PC, Pires JR, Romano APM, Teixeira DS, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Capture of Alouatta guariba clamitans for the surveillance of sylvatic yellow fever and zoonotic malaria: Which is the best strategy in the tropical Atlantic Forest? Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23000. [PMID: 31192493 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Howler monkey capture is an arduous and expensive task requiring trained and specialized professionals. We compared strategies and methods to most efficiently capture Alouatta guariba clamitans in remnants of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro and its bordering states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. We tested whether or not the success of expeditions in the forest with anesthetic darts, nets, and baited traps differed with and without the support of an information network, a contact chain built with key institutions and inhabitants to continuously monitor howler monkey presence. The influence of forest conditions (vegetation type and fragment size) upon darting success was also evaluated. We captured 24 free-living A. guariba clamitans. No howler monkey was caught with traps, probably due to the predominantly folivore feeding to high local plant diversity providing a great variety of food options. Captures based on an information network were significantly more efficient in terms of numbers of caught monkeys than without it. Captures with darts were considerably more efficient when performed in semideciduous forests and small forest fragments as opposed to ombrophilous forests or large woods. Although we walked great distances within the forest searching for howler monkeys, all but one animal were captured at the forest fringes. Hindrances to search and the darting method in the Atlantic Forest, for example, the steep terrain, high tree canopies, hunt pressure, and low A. guariba clamitans population density, were mitigated with the use of the information network in this monkey capture. Moreover, the information network enhanced the surveillance of zoonotic diseases, which howler monkeys and other nonhuman primates are reservoirs in Brazil, such as malaria and yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Waldemir Paixão Vargas
- Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Passos
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Charles Nunes E Silva
- Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Cardoso Araújo
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Rocha Pires
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Delatorre E, de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro IP, Gómez MM, dos Santos AAC, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Neves MSAS, Bonelly I, de Miranda RM, Furtado ND, Raphael LMS, da Silva LDFF, de Castro MG, Ramos DG, Romano APM, Kallás EG, Vicente ACP, Bello G, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Bonaldo MC. Distinct YFV Lineages Co-circulated in the Central-Western and Southeastern Brazilian Regions From 2015 to 2018. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1079. [PMID: 31178835 PMCID: PMC6543907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of yellow fever virus (YFV) that is afflicting Brazil since the end of 2016 probably originated from a re-introduction of YFV from endemic areas into the non-endemic Southeastern Brazil. However, the lack of genomic sequences from endemic regions hinders the tracking of YFV's dissemination routes. We assessed the origin and spread of the ongoing YFV Brazilian outbreak analyzing a new set of YFV strains infecting humans, non-human primates (NHPs) and mosquitoes sampled across five Brazilian states from endemic and non-endemic regions between 2015 and 2018. We found two YFV sub-clade 1E lineages circulating in NHP from Goiás state (GO), resulting from independent viral introductions into the Araguaia tributary river basin: while one strain from 2017 clustered intermingled with Venezuelan YFV strains from 2000, the other YFV strains sampled in 2015 and 2017 clustered with sequences of the current YFV outbreak in the Brazilian Southeastern region (named YFV2015-2018 lineage), displaying the same molecular signature associated to the current YFV outbreak. After its introduction in GO at around mid-2014, the YFV2015-2018 lineage followed two paths of dissemination outside GO, originating two major YFV sub-lineages: (1) the YFVMG/ES/RJ sub-lineage spread sequentially from the eastern area of Minas Gerais state to Espírito Santo and then to Rio de Janeiro states, following the Southeast Atlantic basin; (2) the YFVMG/SP sub-lineage spread from the southwestern area of Minas Gerais to the metropolitan region of São Paulo state, following the Paraná basin. These results indicate the ongoing YFV outbreak in Southeastern Brazil originated from a dissemination event from GO almost 2 years before its recognition at the end of 2016. From GO this lineage was introduced in Minas Gerais state at least two times, originating two sub-lineages that followed different routes toward densely populated areas. The spread of YFV outside endemic regions for at least 4 years stresses the imperative importance of the continuous monitoring of YFV to aid decision-making for effective control policies aiming the increase of vaccination coverage to avoid the YFV transmission in densely populated urban centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Delatorre
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- División Biología Molecular y Genética, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Iule Bonelly
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Menezes Souza Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Esper Georges Kallás
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The Importance of Coordinated Actions in Preventing the Spread of Yellow Fever to Human Populations: The Experience from the 2016-2017 Yellow Fever Outbreak in the Northeastern Region of São Paulo State. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:9464768. [PMID: 31236149 PMCID: PMC6545802 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9464768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne disease that is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) and characterized by a sylvatic and urban cycle. Its most severe presentation is manifested as a hemorrhagic disease, and it has been responsible for thousands of deaths in the last decades. This study describes the public health approaches taken to control the 2016-2017 YF outbreak in nonhuman primates (NHPs) that took place in the northeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. NHPs recovered from the field were necropsied, and YF diagnoses were made at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and the Center of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo. NHP samples were inoculated into Vero cells for YFV isolation. RNA extraction was performed directly from NHP tissues and tested by RT-qPCR. YFV-positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Based on the rapid RT-qPCR results, surveillance actions were implemented in the entire region. Confirmatory histopathology and immunohistochemistry for YFV were also performed. Among nine NHPs, gross hepatic involvement was observed in six animals, five of which were YFV-RT-qPCR-positive. One YFV was isolated from the serum of an infant NHP. YFV RNA sequences diverged from the virus responsible for the last epizootic that occurred in São Paulo state, but it was similar to the current Brazilian epizootic. Public health actions included dissemination of information on YF transmission, investigation of the probable location of NHP infection, characterization of the environment, and subsequent creation of the blueprint from which prevention and control measures were implemented. The YFV sylvatic cycle occurred in the periurban areas of the northeastern region of São Paulo state, but no human cases were reported during this period, showing that integrated actions between human, animal, and environmental health professionals were critical to restrain the virus to the sylvatic cycle.
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Pato TP, Souza MC, Mattos DA, Caride E, Ferreira DF, Gaspar LP, Freire MS, Castilho LR. Purification of yellow fever virus produced in Vero cells for inactivated vaccine manufacture. Vaccine 2019; 37:3214-3220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abreu FVSD, Delatorre E, Dos Santos AAC, Ferreira-de-Brito A, de Castro MG, Ribeiro IP, Furtado ND, Vargas WP, Ribeiro MS, Meneguete P, Bonaldo MC, Bello G, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Combination of surveillance tools reveals that Yellow Fever virus can remain in the same Atlantic Forest area at least for three transmission seasons. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190076. [PMID: 31038550 PMCID: PMC6489371 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, the Yellow Fever virus (YFV) is endemic in the Amazon, from where
it eventually expands into epidemic waves. Coastal south-eastern (SE)
Brazil, which has been a YFV-free region for eight decades, has reported a
severe sylvatic outbreak since 2016. The virus spread from the north toward
the south of the Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, causing 307 human cases with 105
deaths during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 transmission seasons. It is
unclear, however, whether the YFV would persist in the coastal Atlantic
Forest of RJ during subsequent transmission seasons. OBJECTIVES To conduct a real-time surveillance and assess the potential persistence of
YFV in the coastal Atlantic Forest of RJ during the 2018-2019 transmission
season. METHODS We combined epizootic surveillance with fast diagnostic and molecular,
phylogenetic, and evolutionary analyses. FINDINGS Using this integrative strategy, we detected the first evidence of YFV
re-emergence in the third transmission season (2018-2019) in a dying howler
monkey from the central region of the RJ state. The YFV detected in 2019 has
the molecular signature associated with the current SE YFV outbreak and
exhibited a close phylogenetic relationship with the YFV lineage that
circulated in the same Atlantic Forest fragment during the past seasons.
This lineage circulated along the coastal side of the Serra do Mar mountain
chain, and its evolution seems to be mainly driven by genetic drift. The
potential bridge vector Aedes albopictus was found probing
on the recently dead howler monkey in the forest edge, very close to urban
areas. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data revealed that YFV transmission persisted at the same
Atlantic Forest area for at least three consecutive transmission seasons
without the need of new introductions. Our real-time surveillance strategy
permitted health authorities to take preventive actions within 48 h after
the detection of the sick non-human primate. The local virus persistence and
the proximity of the epizootic forest to urban areas reinforces the concern
with regards to the risk of re-urbanisation and seasonal re-emergence of
YFV, stressing the need for continuous effective surveillance and high
vaccination coverage in the SE region, particularly in RJ, an important
tourist location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, Brasil
| | - Edson Delatorre
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nathália Dias Furtado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Waldemir Paixão Vargas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mário Sérgio Ribeiro
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Meneguete
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in São Paulo State, Brazil: viral dissemination to new areas (2016-2017). Sci Rep 2019; 9:5474. [PMID: 30940867 PMCID: PMC6445104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beginning in late 2016 Brazil faced the worst outbreak of Yellow Fever in recent decades, mainly located in southeastern rural regions of the country. In the present study we characterize the Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) associated with this outbreak in São Paulo State, Brazil. Blood or tissues collected from 430 dead monkeys and 1030 pools containing a total of 5,518 mosquitoes were tested for YFV by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and indirect immunofluorescence. A total of 67 monkeys were YFV-positive and 3 pools yielded YFV following culture in a C6/36 cell line. Analysis of five nearly full length genomes of YFV from collected samples was consistent with evidence that the virus associated with the São Paulo outbreak originated in Minas Gerais. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that strains involved in the 2016–2017 outbreak in distinct Brazilian states (i.e., Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo) intermingled in maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees. Conversely, the strains detected in São Paulo formed a monophyletic cluster, suggesting that they were local-adapted. The finding of YFV by RT-PCR in five Callithrix monkeys who were all YFV-negative by histopathology or immunohistochemistry suggests that this YFV lineage circulating in Sao Paulo is associated with different outcomes in Callithrix when compared to other monkeys.
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de Almeida MAB, Dos Santos E, Cardoso JDC, da Silva LG, Rabelo RM, Bicca-Marques JC. Predicting Yellow Fever Through Species Distribution Modeling of Virus, Vector, and Monkeys. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:95-108. [PMID: 30560394 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mapping yellow fever (YF) risk is often based on place of infection of human cases, whereas the circulation between nonhuman primates (NHP) and vectors is neglected. In 2008/2009, YF devastated NHP at the southern limit of the disease in the Americas. In view of the recent expansion of YF in Brazil, we modeled the environmental suitability for YF with data from 2008/2009 epizootic, the distribution of NHP (Alouatta spp.), and the mosquito (Haemagogus leucocelaenus) using the maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) to define risk areas for YF and their main environmental predictors. We evaluated points of occurrence of YF based on dates of confirmed deaths of NHP in three periods, from October 2008 to: December 2008, March 2009, and June 2009. Variables with greatest influence on suitability for YF were seasonality in water vapor pressure (36%), distribution of NHP (32%), maximum wind speed (11%), annual mean rainfall (7%), and maximum temperature in the warmest month (5%). Models of early periods of the epizootic identified suitability for YF in localities that recorded NHP deaths only months later, demonstrating usefulness of the approach for predicting the disease spread. Our data supported influence of rainfall, air humidity, and ambient temperature on the distribution of epizootics. Wind was highlighted as a predicting variable, probably due to its influence on the dispersal of vectors infected with YF in fragmented landscapes. Further studies on the role of wind are necessary to improve our understanding of the occurrence of YF and other arboviruses and their dispersal in the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A B de Almeida
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 5400/Sala 95, Bairro Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90610-030, Brazil.
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 5400/Sala 95, Bairro Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90610-030, Brazil
| | - Jáder da C Cardoso
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 5400/Sala 95, Bairro Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90610-030, Brazil
| | - Lucas G da Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rabelo
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro IP, Ferreira-de-Brito A, dos Santos AAC, de Miranda RM, Bonelly IDS, Neves MSAS, Bersot MI, dos Santos TP, Gomes MQ, da Silva JL, Romano APM, Carvalho RG, Said RFDC, Ribeiro MS, Laperrière RDC, Fonseca EOL, Falqueto A, Paupy C, Failloux AB, Moutailler S, de Castro MG, Gómez MM, Motta MDA, Bonaldo MC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016-2018. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:218-231. [PMID: 30866775 PMCID: PMC6455131 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1568180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iule de Souza Bonelly
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Ignez Bersot
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luis da Silva
- Gerência de Estudos e Pesquisas em Antropozoonoses, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Roberta Gomes Carvalho
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Sergio Ribeiro
- Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Costa Laperrière
- Núcleo Especial de Vigilância Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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39
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Figueiredo PO, Silva ATS, Oliveira JS, Marinho PE, Rocha FT, Domingos GP, Poblete PCP, Oliveira LBS, Duarte DC, Bonjardim CA, Abrahão JS, Kroon EG, Drumond BP, Oliveira DB, Trindade GS. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Yellow Fever Virus, 2017, Brazil. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:864-870. [PMID: 30117000 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At the end of 2016, Brazil experienced an unprecedented yellow fever (YF) outbreak. Clinical, molecular and ecological aspects of human and non-human primate (NHP) samples collected at the beginning of the outbreak are described in this study. Spatial distribution analyses demonstrated a strong overlap between human and NHP cases. Through molecular analyses, we showed that the outbreak had a sylvatic origin, caused by the South American genotype 1 YFV, which has already been shown to circulate in Brazil. As expected, the clusters of cases were identified in regions with a low vaccination coverage. Our findings highlight the importance of the synchronization of animal surveillance and health services to identify emerging YF cases, thereby promoting a better response to the vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - A T S Silva
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - J S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - P E Marinho
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - F T Rocha
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK - Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583, N° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - G P Domingos
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK - Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583, N° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - P C P Poblete
- Zoovet Consultoria LTDA, Avenida Amazonas, 2474, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30180-001, Brazil
| | - L B S Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Rua Dom José Gaspar, 702, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-000, Brazil
| | - D C Duarte
- Zoovet Consultoria LTDA, Avenida Amazonas, 2474, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30180-001, Brazil
| | - C A Bonjardim
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - J S Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - E G Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - B P Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - D B Oliveira
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK - Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583, N° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - G S Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
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40
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Potential of Aedes albopictus as a bridge vector for enzootic pathogens at the urban-forest interface in Brazil. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:191. [PMID: 30482898 PMCID: PMC6258732 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The invasive species Aedes albopictus is present in 60% of Brazilian municipalities, including at the interfaces between urban settings and forests that are zoonotic arbovirus hotspots. We investigated Ae. albopictus colonization, adult dispersal and host feeding patterns in the anthropic-natural interface of three forested sites covering three biomes in Brazil in 2016. To evaluate whether an ecological overlap exists between Ae. albopictus and sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) in forests, we performed similar investigations in seven additional urban-forest interfaces where YFV circulated in 2017. We found Ae. albopictus in all forested sites. We detected eggs and adults up to 300 and 500 m into the forest, respectively, demonstrating that Ae. albopictus forest colonization and dispersal decrease with distance from the forest edge. Analysis of the host identity in blood-engorged females indicated that they fed mainly on humans and domestic mammals, suggesting rare contact with wildlife at the forest edge. Our results show that Ae. albopictus frequency declines as it penetrates into the forest and highlight its potential role as a bridge vector of zoonotic diseases at the edge of the Brazilian forests studied.
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41
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Status of the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) in the time of yellow fever. Primates 2018; 60:21-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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42
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Experimental Adaptation of the Yellow Fever Virus to the Mosquito Aedes albopictus and Potential risk of urban epidemics in Brazil, South America. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14337. [PMID: 30254315 PMCID: PMC6156417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of an efficient vaccine, Yellow fever (YF), a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, is still a threat. In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) has been restricted to a jungle cycle for more than 70 years. However, YFV has recently invaded populated cities in the Southeast such as Rio de Janeiro where the opportunistic mosquito Aedes albopictus is well established. Using in vivo passages of YFV in Ae. albopictus, we have selected viral strains presenting substitutions in NS1 gene. We did 10 passages of YFV-74018 on two distinct Ae. albopictus populations: (i) Manaus collected from a YFV-endemic area in Amazonia and (ii) PNMNI from a YFV-free area in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Full viral genomes were deep sequenced at each passage. We obtained two YFV strains presenting a non-synonymous substitution in the NS1 gene. Interestingly, they intervened at two different positions in NS1 gene according to the mosquito population: I2772T in Ae. albopictus Manaus and S3303N in Ae. albopictus PNMNI. Both substitutions reached fixation at the passage 10. Our data suggest that YFV has the potential for adaption to Ae. albopictus thereby posing a threat to most cities in South America where this mosquito is present.
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43
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de Abreu FVS, Gomes LR, Mello ARL, Bianco-Júnior C, de Pina-Costa A, Dos Santos E, Teixeira DS, Brasil P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz M. Frozen blood clots can be used for the diagnosis of distinct Plasmodium species in man and non-human primates from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Malar J 2018; 17:338. [PMID: 30249260 PMCID: PMC6154902 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic infections with epidemic potential, as non-human primate malaria and yellow fever (YF), can overlap geographically. Optimizing a small blood sample for diagnosis and surveillance is of great importance. Blood are routinely collected for YF diagnosis and blood clots usually discarded after serum obtention. Aiming to take sample advantage, the sensitivity of a PCR using extracted DNA from long-term frozen clots from human and non-human primates for detection of Plasmodium spp. in low parasitaemia conditions was assayed. RESULTS Malaria diagnosis with DNA extracted from blood clots generated results in agreement with samples obtained with whole blood, including mixed Plasmodium vivax/simium and Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum infections. CONCLUSION Blood clots from human and non-human primates may be an important and low cost source of DNA for malaria surveillance in the Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais Campus Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa Lavigne Mello
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesare Bianco-Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Pina-Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis/RJ, 25964-004, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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44
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Phylogenomic analysis unravels evolution of yellow fever virus within hosts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006738. [PMID: 30188905 PMCID: PMC6143276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) recently reemerged in the large outbreaks in Africa and Brazil, and the first imported patients into Asia have recalled the concerns of YFV evolution. Here we show phylogenomics of YFV with serial clinical samples of the 2016 YFV infections. Phylogenetics exhibited that the 2016 strains were close to Angola 1971 strains and only three amino acid changes presented new to other lineages. Deep sequencing of viral genomes discovered 101 intrahost single nucleotide variations (iSNVs) and 234 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis of iSNV distribution and mutated allele frequency revealed that the coding regions were under purifying selection. Comparison of the evolutionary rates estimated by iSNV and SNP showed that the intrahost rate was ~2.25 times higher than the epidemic rate, and both rates were higher than the long-term YFV substitution rate, as expected. In addition, the result also hinted that short viremia duration of YFV might further hinder the evolution of YFV. The first importation of infections into China in 2016 and the following outbreaks in Africa and Brazil of yellow fever virus (YFV) have raised again the concerns of the potential viral spread into new territories. In this study, we aimed to know the evolution dynamics of YFV by using intrahost phylogenomics and to assess the risk of virus epidemics. Through deep sequencing of consecutive samples from 12 patients, we identified hundreds of genomic variations (iSNVs and SNPs), and noticed the nearly linear accumulation of variations within individuals. The estimated evolutionary rate within host is much higher than the epidemic evolutionary rate. In comparison with Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), which share similar host vectors (Aedes spp.), life cycles, mutation rates and replication strategies to YFV, the lower epidemic evolutionary rate of YFV might have been hindered by the shorter viremia duration, which decreased the accumulated variations to get into the transmission cycle.
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45
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Possas C, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Tauil PL, Pinheiro FDP, Pissinatti A, da Cunha RV, Freire M, Martins RM, Homma A. Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: the puzzle of rapid viral spread and challenges for immunisation. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180278. [PMID: 30427974 PMCID: PMC6135548 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the complex eco-social factors involved in the puzzle of the unexpected rapid viral spread in the ongoing Brazilian yellow fever (YF) outbreak, which has increased the reurbanisation risk of a disease without urban cases in Brazil since 1942. Indeed, this rapid spatial viral dissemination to the Southeast and South regions, now circulating in the Atlantic Forest fragments close to peri-urban areas of the main Brazilian megalopolises (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) has led to an exponential increase in the number of yellow fever cases. In less than 18 months, 1,833 confirmed cases and 578 deaths were recorded most of them reported in the Southeast region (99,9%). Large epizooties in monkeys and other non-human primates (NHPs) were communicated in the country with 732 YF virus (YFV) laboratory confirmed events only in the 2017/2018 monitoring period. We also discuss the peculiarities and similarities of the current outbreak when compared with previous great epidemics, examining several hypotheses to explain the recent unexpected acceleration of epizootic waves in the sylvatic cycle of the YFV together with the role of human, NHPs and mosquito mobility with respect to viral spread. We conclude that the most feasible hypothesis to explain this rapidity would be related to human behavior combined with ecological changes that promoted a significant increase in mosquito and NHP densities and their contacts with humans. We emphasize the urgent need for an adequate response to this outbreak such as extending immunisation coverage to the whole Brazilian population and developing novel strategies for immunisation of NHPs confined in selected reserve areas and zoos. Finally, we stress the urgent need to improve the quality of response in order to prevent future outbreaks and a catastrophic reurbanisation of the disease in Brazil and other South American countries. Continuous monitoring of YFV receptivity and vulnerability conditions with effective control of the urban vector Aedes aegypti and significant investments in YF vaccine production capacity and research and development for reduction of adverse effects are of the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Possas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Pedro Luiz Tauil
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Freire
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Akira Homma
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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46
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Faria NR, Kraemer MUG, Hill SC, Goes de Jesus J, Aguiar RS, Iani FCM, Xavier J, Quick J, du Plessis L, Dellicour S, Thézé J, Carvalho RDO, Baele G, Wu CH, Silveira PP, Arruda MB, Pereira MA, Pereira GC, Lourenço J, Obolski U, Abade L, Vasylyeva TI, Giovanetti M, Yi D, Weiss DJ, Wint GRW, Shearer FM, Funk S, Nikolay B, Fonseca V, Adelino TER, Oliveira MAA, Silva MVF, Sacchetto L, Figueiredo PO, Rezende IM, Mello EM, Said RFC, Santos DA, Ferraz ML, Brito MG, Santana LF, Menezes MT, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Dos Santos FCP, Cunha MS, Nogueira JS, Rocco IM, da Costa AC, Komninakis SCV, Azevedo V, Chieppe AO, Araujo ESM, Mendonça MCL, Dos Santos CC, Dos Santos CD, Mares-Guia AM, Nogueira RMR, Sequeira PC, Abreu RG, Garcia MHO, Abreu AL, Okumoto O, Kroon EG, de Albuquerque CFC, Lewandowski K, Pullan ST, Carroll M, de Oliveira T, Sabino EC, Souza RP, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Trindade GS, Drumond BP, Filippis AMB, Loman NJ, Cauchemez S, Alcantara LCJ, Pybus OG. Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential. Science 2018; 361:894-899. [PMID: 30139911 PMCID: PMC6874500 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in Brazilian Aedes species mosquitos highlights a need to monitor the risk of reestablishment of urban YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial, and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age and sex distribution of human cases is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission and spatial expansion toward previously YFV-free areas, followed by a rise in viral spillover to humans in late 2016. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real time that will contribute to a global strategy to eliminate future YFV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Goes de Jesus
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R S Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F C M Iani
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J Xavier
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L du Plessis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R D O Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Baele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C-H Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P P Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M B Arruda
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M A Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G C Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - U Obolski
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Abade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Global Health Network, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T I Vasylyeva
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D Yi
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D J Weiss
- Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G R W Wint
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F M Shearer
- Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Funk
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Nikolay
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR2000: Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - V Fonseca
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - T E R Adelino
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M A A Oliveira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M V F Silva
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L Sacchetto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P O Figueiredo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I M Rezende
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E M Mello
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R F C Said
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D A Santos
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M L Ferraz
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M G Brito
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L F Santana
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M T Menezes
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M Brindeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F C P Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Cunha
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J S Nogueira
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I M Rocco
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S C V Komninakis
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine of ABC (FMABC), Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A O Chieppe
- Coordenação de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E S M Araujo
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M C L Mendonça
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C C Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C D Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A M Mares-Guia
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M R Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P C Sequeira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R G Abreu
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M H O Garcia
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - A L Abreu
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - O Okumoto
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - E G Kroon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C F C de Albuquerque
- Organização Pan - Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde - (OPAS/OMS), Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - K Lewandowski
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - S T Pullan
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - M Carroll
- NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - T de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - E C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R P Souza
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G S Trindade
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B P Drumond
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A M B Filippis
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR2000: Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - L C J Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - O G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Klitting R, Fischer C, Drexler JF, Gould EA, Roiz D, Paupy C, de Lamballerie X. What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (II). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E425. [PMID: 30134625 PMCID: PMC6162518 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As revealed by the recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America, YFV control measures need urgent rethinking. Over the last decade, most reported outbreaks occurred in, or eventually reached, areas with low vaccination coverage but that are suitable for virus transmission, with an unprecedented risk of expansion to densely populated territories in Africa, South America and Asia. As reflected in the World Health Organization's initiative launched in 2017, it is high time to strengthen epidemiological surveillance to monitor accurately viral dissemination, and redefine vaccination recommendation areas. Vector-control and immunisation measures need to be adapted and vaccine manufacturing must be reconciled with an increasing demand. We will have to face more yellow fever (YF) cases in the upcoming years. Hence, improving disease management through the development of efficient treatments will prove most beneficial. Undoubtedly, these developments will require in-depth descriptions of YFV biology at molecular, physiological and ecological levels. This second section of a two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ⁻IRD 190⁻Inserm 1207⁻IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Carlo Fischer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan F Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ⁻IRD 190⁻Inserm 1207⁻IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France.
| | - David Roiz
- UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Paupy
- UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ⁻IRD 190⁻Inserm 1207⁻IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France.
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Viana-Medeiros PF, Bellinato DF, Valle D. Laboratory selection of Aedes aegypti field populations with the organophosphate malathion: Negative impacts on resistance to deltamethrin and to the organophosphate temephos. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006734. [PMID: 30125295 PMCID: PMC6128625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to pyrethroids and to the organophosphate temephos is widespread in Brazilian populations of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Thereof, since 2009 Insect Growth Regulators are employed as larvicides, and malathion is used against adults. Methodology/Principal findings We performed laboratory selection with malathion of two A. aegypti field populations initially susceptible to this organophosphate but resistant to temephos and deltamethrin. A fixed malathion dose inducing at least 80% mortality in the first generation, was used throughout the selection process, interrupted after five generations, when the threshold of 20% mortality was reached. For each population, three experimental and two control groups, not exposed to insecticides, were kept independently. For both populations, quantitative bioassays revealed, in the selected groups, acquisition of resistance to malathion and negative impact of malathion selection on deltamethrin and temephos resistance levels. In the control groups resistance to all evaluated insecticides decreased except, unexpectedly, to deltamethrin. Analysis of the main resistance mechanisms employed routine methodologies: biochemical and molecular assays for, respectively, metabolic resistance and quantification of the NaV pyrethroid target main kdr mutations at positions 1016 and 1534. No diagnostic alteration could be specifically correlated with malathion selection, neither with the unusual deltamethrin increase in resistance levels observed in the control groups. Conclusions/Significance Our results confirm the multifactorial character of insecticide resistance and point to the need of high throughput methodologies and to the study of additional field vector populations in order to unravel resistance mechanisms. Dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses affect millions of people worldwide. Due to the lack of specific antivirals or to the limited supply of vaccines, focus remains on the control of the main vector, Aedes aegypti. Although the importance of social participation in the elimination of A. aegypti breeding sites is increasingly recognized, chemical control is still an important component of vector control. The exaggerated use of insecticides results in the spread of resistance and, consequently, in the loss of their effectiveness. In Brazil, malathion is the last adulticide available to the control of A. aegypti, due to the widespread resistance to pyrethroids. In order to anticipate what could occur in the field, we exposed two vector populations to selection with malathion. Both malathion and temephos, a larvicide largely employed, are organophosphates; however, they are structurally distinct molecules and seem to elicit different resistance mechanisms. We confirmed this issue: selection with malathion had a negative impact on temephos resistance compared to groups reared without any insecticide. Indeed, the variety of responses of both vector populations to the various insecticides points to the participation of multiple resistance mechanisms and confirms previous assumptions regarding the difficulty of identifying diagnostic insecticide resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Denise Valle
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Possas C, Martins RM, Oliveira RLD, Homma A. Urgent call for action: avoiding spread and re-urbanisation of yellow fever in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:1-2. [PMID: 29185597 PMCID: PMC5719535 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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50
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Yellow fever in the diagnostics laboratory. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:129. [PMID: 30002363 PMCID: PMC6043483 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) remains a public health issue in endemic areas despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. In 2015–2016, urban outbreaks of YF were declared in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and a sylvatic outbreak has been ongoing in Brazil since December 2016. Of great concern is the risk of urban transmission cycles taking hold in Brazil and the possible spread to countries with susceptible populations and competent vectors. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of an outbreak response, but a low vaccine stockpile has forced a sparing-dose strategy, which has thus far been implemented in affected African countries and now in Brazil. Accurate laboratory confirmation of cases is critical for efficient outbreak control. A dearth of validated commercial assays for YF, however, and the shortcomings of serological methods make it challenging to implement YF diagnostics outside of reference laboratories. We examine the advantages and drawbacks of existing assays to identify the barriers to timely and efficient laboratory diagnosis. We stress the need to develop new diagnostic tools to meet current challenges in the fight against YF.
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