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Haueise T, Schick F, Stefan N, Schlett CL, Weiss JB, Nattenmüller J, Göbel-Guéniot K, Norajitra T, Nonnenmacher T, Kauczor HU, Maier-Hein KH, Niendorf T, Pischon T, Jöckel KH, Umutlu L, Peters A, Rospleszcz S, Kröncke T, Hosten N, Völzke H, Krist L, Willich SN, Bamberg F, Machann J. Analysis of volume and topography of adipose tissue in the trunk: Results of MRI of 11,141 participants in the German National Cohort. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd0433. [PMID: 37172093 PMCID: PMC10181183 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This research addresses the assessment of adipose tissue (AT) and spatial distribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) in the trunk from standardized magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of deep learning (DL)-based image segmentation in a large population-based cohort in Germany (five sites). Volume and distribution of AT play an essential role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, a risk factor of developing metabolic/cardiovascular diseases. Cross-validated training of the DL-segmentation model led to a mean Dice similarity coefficient of >0.94, corresponding to a mean absolute volume deviation of about 22 ml. SAT is significantly increased in women compared to men, whereas VAT is increased in males. Spatial distribution shows age- and body mass index-related displacements. DL-based image segmentation provides robust and fast quantification of AT (≈15 s per dataset versus 3 to 4 hours for manual processing) and assessment of its spatial distribution from magnetic resonance images in large cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Haueise
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christopher L Schlett
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob B Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Nattenmüller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Göbel-Guéniot
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Norajitra
- Division of Medical and Biological Informatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Nonnenmacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus H Maier-Hein
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pattern Analysis and Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Biobank Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Biobank, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kröncke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences (CAAPS), University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan N Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Rogers CR, May FP, Petersen E, Brooks E, Lopez JA, Kennedy CD, Thiese MS. Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Prevalence Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers in the United States. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1142-1151. [PMID: 35410488 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221090500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the age-adjusted association between colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors and CRC prevalence among long-haul truck drivers (aged 21-85), after adjustment for age. DESIGN Pooled cross-sectional analysis using Commercial Driver Medical Exam (CDME) data. Setting. National survey data from January 1, 2005, to October 31, 2012. PARTICIPANTS 47,786 commercial motor vehicle drivers in 48 states. MEASURES CRC prevalence was the primary outcome; independent variables included demographics, body mass index (BMI), and concomitant medical conditions. ANALYSIS Kruskal-Wallis tests to analyze continuous variables; Fischer's exact tests to analyze categorical variables; univariate and multivariable logistic regression for rare events (Firth method) to quantify the association between the independent variables of interest and CRC prevalence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age, gender, years with current employer, year of exam, and BMI in a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Many factors were statistically significant. Obesity (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.03-9.61) and increasing age (OR = 1.10 per year; 95% CI = 1.07-1.13) were significantly associated with CRC prevalence. Truckers with 4 or more concomitant medical conditions were significantly more likely to have CRC (OR = 7.03; 95% CI = 1.83-27.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight mutable risk factors and represent an opportunity for intervention that may decrease CRC morbidity and mortality among truck drivers, a unique population in the United States estimated to live up to 16 years less than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Rogers
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Folasade P May
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Petersen
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ellen Brooks
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jasmine A Lopez
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carson D Kennedy
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Ferreira JMBB. Pathophysiology and new targets for therapeutic options in Chagas heart disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210172chgsa. [PMID: 35674529 PMCID: PMC9172886 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210172chgsa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Nisha S, Bettahalli Shivamallu A, Prashant A, Yadav MK, Gujjari SK, Shashikumar P. Role of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on leptin levels and total antioxidant capacity in chronic generalised periodontitis patients - A clinical trial. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 12:68-73. [PMID: 34765434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis causes oxidative stress and reduce total antioxidant levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on leptin levels and total antioxidant capacity in chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods A total of 35 chronic periodontitis (ChP) patients and 35 systemically and periodontal healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Further, the ChP group received nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Leptin and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was measured in serum and saliva samples at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Clinical parameters measured were measured at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months interval. Results The mean serum leptin and TAOC levels in control group were significantly higher compared to chronic periodontitis group (p < 0.05). The control group had lower mean salivary leptin levels and higher mean salivary TAOC levels as compared to periodontitis group(p < 0.05). Clinical parameters were improved in ChP group post therapy (p < 0.05). However, the periodontal treatment showed insignificant changes in serum and salivary leptin and TAOC levels. Conclusion Chronic periodontitis is significantly associated with serum and salivary TAOC and leptin levels. Non surgical periodontal therapy didn't alter the local and systemic TAOC and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swet Nisha
- Dept of Periodontology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Avinash Bettahalli Shivamallu
- Dept. of Periodontology, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Dept. of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manish Kumar Yadav
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Sheela Kumar Gujjari
- Dept. of Periodontology, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratibha Shashikumar
- Dept. of Periodontology, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Golpour-Hamedani S, Rafie N, Pourmasoumi M, Saneei P, Safavi SM. The association between dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:181. [PMID: 33308202 PMCID: PMC7733278 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association between diet and disease, the consideration of a whole diet has appeared to be more effective than the examination of single-nutrient intake. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity in Iranian children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 456 children aged 11-18 years, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The usual food intake for each participant assessed using a validated Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To calculate the dietary diversity score, food items were categorized into 5 broad groups and 23 subgroups based on the US Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid. Participants were categorized based on the DDS tertile cut-off points. Anthropometric measurements were conducted based on standard protocols. Overweight and obesity were defined as 85th ≤ BMI < 95th, and ≥ 95th percentiles of BMI, respectively. Additionally, abdominal obesity was considered as WC ≥ 85th percentile. RESULTS Mean and standard deviation (SD) of subjects' Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were 20.88 (SD 4.22) kg/m2 and 74.27 (SD 10.31) cm, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was increased as tertiles of DDS increased (OR among tertiles: 1.00, 1.82 and 2.13 for overweight and 1.00, 2.60 and 3.45 for obesity; this was the same for abdominal obesity: 1.00, 2.22 and 3.45, P < 0.001 for all). However, no statistically significant results were found after adjustment for energy intake. CONCLUSION Dietary diversity positively affected obesity through higher energy intake. Despite the wide recommendation of having high dietary diversity, public health programs should emphasize to improve dietary diversity only in selective food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Golpour-Hamedani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Rafie
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sayyed Morteza Safavi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
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Dabarian AL, Mady C, Barbosa-Ferreira JM, Ianni BM, Hotta VT, Ramires FJA, Lopes HF, Buck PDC, Pessoa FG, Fonseca KCB, Nogueira AR, Fernandes F. Dysregulation of insulin levels in Chagas heart disease is associated with altered adipocytokine levels. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:140-145. [PMID: 30557036 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic, inflammatory, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction are present in patients with heart failure. However, whether these changes are due to left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure etiology is unknown. We evaluated metabolism and inflammatory activity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and Chagas cardiomyopathy (CHG) and their correlation with the ANS. Forty-six patients were divided into 3 groups: IDC, CHG, and control. We evaluated adiponectin, leptin, insulin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. ANS were analyzed by heart rate variability in time and frequency domains on a 24-hour Holter monitor. Levels of glucose, cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin did not show differences between groups. Insulin levels were lower in CHG group (5.4 ± 3.3 μU/mL) when compared with control (8.0 ± 4.9 μU/mL) and IDC (9.9 ± 5.0 μU/mL) groups (p = 0.007). Insulin was positively associated with LFr/HFr ratio (r = 0.562; p = 0.029) and with the LFr component (r = 0.562; p = 0.029) and negatively associated with adiponectin (r = -0.603; p = 0.017) in CHG group. The addition of an adiponectin unit reduced average insulin by 0.332 μg/mL. Insulin levels were decreased in the CHG group when compared with the IDC group and were associated with ANS indexes and adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Dabarian
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Charles Mady
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - João Marcos Barbosa-Ferreira
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Viviane Tiemi Hotta
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Félix José Alvarez Ramires
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Heno Ferreira Lopes
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo.,b Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE
| | - Paula de Cássia Buck
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Fernanda Gallinaro Pessoa
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Keila Cardoso Barbosa Fonseca
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Adriana Ramos Nogueira
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- a Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
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Meza-Cuenca F, Medina-Contreras JML, Mailloux-Salinas P, Bautista-Hernández LA, Buentello-Volante B, Domínguez-López A, Garfias Y, Correa-López PV, Bautista de Lucio VM, Bravo G. Characterization of free fatty acid receptors expression in an obesity rat model with high sucrose diet. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:76-82. [PMID: 29369009 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1426609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS In recent years, it has been shown that free fatty acids receptors (FFAR) of whose function in the cell surface plays a significant role in the regulation of cell function and nutrition as well are activated by various endogenous ligands, but mainly by fatty acids. Within FFAR of our interest are GPR 41, 43 and 120. The functions of these receptors are varied and dependent on the tissue where they are. The activation and signaling of these receptors, FFAR, are involved in many physiological processes, and currently the target of many drugs in metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Obesity was induced with hypercaloric diet (HD) in male Wistar rats for 20 weeks (n = 10). At the end, adipose tissue (abdominal and subcutaneous) was taken to perform assays for relative quantification mRNA expression by end-point RT-PCR and protein level expression by Western blot. RESULTS These present data have shown for the first time that total mRNA isolation and protein expression from both adipose tissues (abdominal and subcutaneous) of rat in obesity condition yield significative statistical difference among the control versus obese groups, showing that the diet high in carbohydrates modifies the total presence of mRNA and protein level expression of the receptors GPR41, 43 and 120. CONCLUSIONS Further comparative methods are in process to clarify whether or not the obesity changes the functional receptors in these two tissues for new pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Meza-Cuenca
- a Pharmacobiology Department , Cinvestav-IPN Unidad Coapa , Mexico City , Mexico.,b Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis A Bautista-Hernández
- b Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Beatríz Buentello-Volante
- b Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-López
- b Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- b Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana" , Mexico City , Mexico.,c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Víctor M Bautista de Lucio
- b Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Bravo
- a Pharmacobiology Department , Cinvestav-IPN Unidad Coapa , Mexico City , Mexico
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Javn S, Thomas S, Ramachandran S, Loganathan S, Sundari M, Mala K. Polycystic ovarian syndrome-associated cardiovascular complications: An overview of the association between the biochemical markers and potential strategies for their prevention and elimination. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S841-S851. [PMID: 28711514 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) including endothelial dysfunction (ED) and presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The probable reason suggested for elevated CVRF in PCOS is oxidative stress (OS), which is an integral factor in cardiometabolic complications (CMC) seen in PCOS women. The interrelated mechanisms by which CVRF instigate clinical manifestation plays a crucial role in identification of a strategy to treat different comorbidities in PCOS. The existing treatment for PCOS mostly focuses on management of individual disorders, however, therapeutic strategies or novel targets to address cardiovascular complications in PCOS deserve extensive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sb Javn
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Sowmya Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Sandhiya Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Swetha Loganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundari
- Department of General Medicine, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri 603203, TN, India.
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Teixeira Silva C, Cândido APC, Pala D, Oliveira Barbosa P, Machado-Coelho GLL, Pereira de Oliveira FL, Pinheiro Volp AC, Nascimento de Freitas R. Clustered Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Adolescents. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 70:259-267. [PMID: 28595170 DOI: 10.1159/000458767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusters of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between classic CVR factor clusters and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Measurements included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters and selected inflammatory markers in 487 adolescents (236 boys/251 girls; 12.06 ± 1.41 years). RESULTS After stratifying the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was performed and it produced 5 independent components in both genders: adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein. Glucose metabolism was inversely associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in both genders (r = -0.026; r = -0.021); blood pressure was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in girls (r = -0.046); HDL/TG was positively associated with interleukin-6 in girls (r = 0.012), with IL-1β (r = 0.010) TNF-α (r = 0.045) in boys, and inversely associated with adiponectin in both genders (r = -0.015; r = -0.013). CONCLUSION The results suggest that lipid metabolism alterations, as potential early events in the development of CVDs, have a strong link to the inflammatory process, in contrast to other clusters of risk factors.
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The Effects of the Combination of a Refined Carbohydrate Diet and Exposure to Hyperoxia in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1014928. [PMID: 28018521 PMCID: PMC5153507 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1014928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with genetic, social, and environmental influences. This study aims at analyzing the effects of the combination of a refined carbohydrate diet and exposure to hyperoxia on the pulmonary oxidative and inflammatory response in mice. Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: control group (CG), hyperoxia group (HG), refined carbohydrate diet group (RCDG), and refined carbohydrate diet + hyperoxia group (RCDHG). The experimental diet was composed of 10% sugar, 45% standard diet, and 45% sweet condensed milk. For 24 hours, the HG and RCDHG were exposed to hyperoxia and the CG and RCDG to ambient air. After the exposures were completed, the animals were euthanized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were collected for analyses. The HG showed higher levels of interferon-γ in adipose tissue as compared to other groups and higher levels of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the CG and RCDHG. SOD and CAT activities in the pulmonary parenchyma decreased in the RCDHG as compared to the CG. There was an increase of lipid peroxidation in the HG, RCDG, and RCDHG as compared to the CG. A refined carbohydrate diet combined with hyperoxia promoted inflammation and redox imbalance in adult mice.
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Kim B, Lee SG, Park YK, Ku CS, Pham TX, Wegner CJ, Yang Y, Koo SI, Chun OK, Lee JY. Blueberry, blackberry, and blackcurrant differentially affect plasma lipids and pro-inflammatory markers in diet-induced obesity mice. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:494-500. [PMID: 27698956 PMCID: PMC5037066 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor α. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chai Siah Ku
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Casey J Wegner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sung I Koo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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do Prado Junior PP, de Faria FR, de Faria ER, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Priore SE. Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [PMID: 26572104 PMCID: PMC4795720 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppede.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. Results: Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. Conclusions: The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender.
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Baldeón Rojas L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, van Zonneveld AJ, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Study on inflammation-related genes and microRNAs, with special emphasis on the vascular repair factor HGF and miR-574-3p, in monocytes and serum of patients with T2D. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:6. [PMID: 26779287 PMCID: PMC4714426 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported signs of inflammation (raised IL-8, reduced miR-146a) and signs of vascular repair (raised HGF) in the serum of Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast, we found that the circulating monocytes lacked up-regulation of classical inflammatory genes (IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF) and there was even significant down-regulation of PTGS2. Notably, genes and a microRNA involved in adhesion, cell differentiation and morphology (CD9, DHRS3, PTPN7 and miR-34c-5p) were up-regulated in the T2D monocytes, suggesting a role of the anti-inflammatory cells in adhesion, vascular repair and invasion. AIM To determine the gene expression of the vascular repair factor HGF in the circulating monocytes of patients with T2D and to investigate the relationship between HGF and the expression of the other previously tested monocyte genes and the contribution to the raised serum level of HGF. In addition, we tested the level of 6 microRNAs, which were previously found abnormal in the circulating monocytes, in the serum of the patients. METHODS A gene and microRNA expression study in monocytes and serum of 64 Ecuadorian patients with T2D (37-85 years) and 44 non-diabetic controls (32-87 years). RESULTS The gene expression of HGF was significantly raised in the monocytes of the patients with T2D and associated with the expression of genes involved in adhesion, cell differentiation and morphology. HGF gene expression did not correlate with the serum level of HGF. The monocyte expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes was also not associated with the serum levels of these cytokines. The level of miR-574-3p was significantly decreased in the serum of the patients with T2D, and correlated in expression with the decreased well-established inflammation-regulating miR-146a. The level of the microRNAs in serum did not correlate with their expression level in monocytes. CONCLUSION In circulating monocytes of Ecuadorian T2D patients, the microRNA and gene expression of important inflammatory/chemotactic/motility/vascular repair factors differs from the expression in serum. While monocytes show a gene expression profile compatible with an anti-inflammatory state, serum shows a molecular profile compatible with an inflammatory state. Both compartments show molecular signs of vascular repair support, i.e. up-regulated HGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón Rojas
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
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do Prado Junior PP, Faria FRD, Faria ERD, Franceschini SDCC, Priore SE. [Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests]. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2016; 34:38-46. [PMID: 26572104 PMCID: PMC4795720 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. METHODS Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. RESULTS Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender.
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de Oliveira ARS, Cruz KJC, Morais JBS, Severo JS, de Freitas TEC, Veras AL, da Rocha Romero AB, Colli C, do Nascimento Nogueira N, Torres-Leal FL, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Magnesium Status and Its Relationship with C-Reactive Protein in Obese Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:296-302. [PMID: 25982004 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the relationship between magnesium status and C-reactive protein concentration in obese and nonobese women. This cross-sectional study included 131 women, aged between 20 and 50 years, who were divided into two groups: obese (n=65) and control (n=66) groups. Magnesium intake was monitored using 3-day food records and NutWin software version 1.5. The plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary magnesium concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. C-reactive protein concentration in serum was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. The mean values of the magnesium content in the diet were lower than those recommended, though there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte magnesium were within the normal range, with no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). Urinary excretion of this mineral was less than the reference values in both groups, with no significant difference (p>0.05). The mean concentration of serum C-reactive protein was within the normal range in both groups, with no significant difference (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between urinary magnesium and serum C-reactive protein (p=0.015). Obese patients ingest low dietary magnesium content, which seems to induce hypomagnesuria as a compensatory mechanism to keep plasma concentrations of the mineral at adequate levels. The study shows a positive correlation between urinary magnesium concentrations and serum C-reactive protein, suggesting the influence of hypomagnesuria on this inflammatory protein in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Batista da Rocha Romero
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Colli
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadir do Nascimento Nogueira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Barbosa-Ferreira JM, Mady C, Ianni BM, Lopes HF, Ramires FJA, Salemi VMC, Grupi CJ, Hachul DT, Fernandes F. Dysregulation of Autonomic Nervous System in Chagas' Heart Disease Is Associated with Altered Adipocytokines Levels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131447. [PMID: 26147101 PMCID: PMC4493107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD) induces autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity, which may promote metabolic abnormalities. We studied metabolism and his correlation with Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and inflammation in CD. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty subjects were divided into 4 groups: control group (CG), IF (indeterminate form) group; ECG group (ECG abnormalities and normal left ventricular systolic function), and LVD group (left ventricular sistolic dysfunction). Levels of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed in serum samples by ELISA. ANS was assessed by heart rate variability in frequency domain in 24-hour Holter and postural tilt test (rest and orthostatic position). High frequency (HFr) component values were used to estimate parasympathetic activity and low frequency (LFr) component, sympathetic activity. Analyzes were made of the correlations of each of the metabolic parameters (leptin and adiponectin) with the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and TNF- alpha) and with the ANS assessment measurements. No significant differences were observed in leptin and insulin levels. Adiponectin was higher in ECG and LVD groups: [CG = 4766.5 (5529.5), IF = 4003.5 (2482.5), ECG = 8376.5 (8388.5), LVD = 8798 (4188.0) ng/mL, p<0.001)]. IL-6 and TNF-alpha were higher in LVD group: [IL-6: CG = 1.85 (6.41); IF = 1.58 (1.91); ECG = 1.0 (1.57); LVD= 31.44 (72.19) pg/ml; p = 0.001. TNF-alpha: CG = 22.57 (88.2); IF = 19.31 (33.16); ECG = 12.45 (3.07); LVD = 75.15 (278.57) pg/ml; p = 0.04]. Adiponectin levels had a positive association with the HFr component (r = 0.539; p = 0.038) and an inverse association with the LFr component (r = - 0.539; p = 0.038) in ECG group. Leptin levels had a negative association with the HFr component (r= - 0.632; p = 0.011) and a positive association with the LFr component (r = 0.632; p = 0.011) in LVD group. CONCLUSIONS We found increased adiponectin levels in Chagas' heart disease with systolic dysfunction and in patients with ECG abnormalities and normal systolic function at rest. Adipocytokines levels (adiponectin and leptin) were associated with ANS parameters in Chagas' heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Barbosa-Ferreira
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heno Ferreira Lopes
- Hypertension Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Nove de Julho—UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix José Alvarez Ramires
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Cury Salemi
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar José Grupi
- Electrocardiology Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Tessariol Hachul
- Clinical Arrhythmia Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baldeón R L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, van Zonneveld AJ, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Type 2 Diabetes Monocyte MicroRNA and mRNA Expression: Dyslipidemia Associates with Increased Differentiation-Related Genes but Not Inflammatory Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129421. [PMID: 26083362 PMCID: PMC4471054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression pattern of microRNAs and mRNAs related to inflammation in T2D monocytes. DESIGN A microRNA finding study on monocytes of T2D patients and controls using array profiling was followed by a quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) study on monocytes of an Ecuadorian validation cohort testing the top over/under-expressed microRNAs. In addition, monocytes of the validation cohort were tested for 24 inflammation-related mRNAs and 2 microRNAs previously found deregulated in (auto)-inflammatory monocytes. RESULTS In the finding study, 142 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs were identified, 15 having the strongest power to discriminate T2D patients from controls (sensitivity 66%, specificity 90%). However, differences in expression of these microRNAs between patients and controls were small. On the basis of >1.4 or <0.6-fold change expression 5 microRNAs were selected for further validation. One microRNA (miR-34c-5p) was validated as significantly over-expressed in T2D monocytes. In addition, we found over expression of 3 mRNAs (CD9, DHRS3 and PTPN7) in the validation cohort. These mRNAs are important for cell morphology, adhesion, shape change, and cell differentiation. Classical inflammatory genes (e.g. TNFAIP3) were only over-expressed in monocytes of patients with normal serum lipids. Remarkably, in dyslipidemia, there was a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g. ATF3, DUSP2 and PTGS2). CONCLUSIONS The expression profile of microRNAs/mRNAs in monocytes of T2D patients indicates an altered adhesion, differentiation, and shape change potential. Monocyte inflammatory activation was only found in patients with normal serum lipids. Abnormal lipid values coincided with a reduced monocyte inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón R
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
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Purwar P, Khan MA, Gupta A, Mahdi AA, Pandey S, Singh B, Dixit J, Rai P. The effects of periodontal therapy on serum and salivary leptin levels in chronic periodontitis patients with normal body mass index. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:633-41. [PMID: 25854413 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Leptin concentrations are altered in favour of pro health after periodontal therapy. BACKGROUND Leptin, a non-glycosylated peptide hormone, not only maintains fat stores, but is also an integral part of host defense repertoire. Leptin levels have been found to be altered in an array of inflammatory diseases including chronic periodontitis (CP), but the role of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in altering the leptin concentrations in saliva and serum of CP patients is yet to be ascertained. The aim of the present study is to quantify leptin levels in CP patients having normal body mass index (BMI) pre-therapy as compared to periodontally healthy controls and to address whether successful NSPT alters leptin concentration in serum and saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two saliva (modified draining method) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected from CP patients with normal BMI (n = 22), before and at 4 and 12 weeks after completion of NSPT, and periodontally healthy, age- and gender-matched controls (n = 22). Leptin levels were estimated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS At baseline, CP patients had significantly different periodontal clinical parameters and the leptin concentrations in saliva of CP patients were found to be significantly lower than periodontally healthy volunteers (4710.10 ± 1133.21 vs 8721.10 ± 1019.58 pg/ml) (p < 0.05), whereas in serum the leptin concentrations were significantly higher than healthy controls (10749 ± 2062.24 vs 8085.00 ± 2859.68 pg/ml). Significant improvement in periodontal parameters, serum and salivary leptin levels were observed in CP patients at 4 and 12 weeks post-therapy (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Altered concentrations of leptin in serum and saliva are observed in CP patients which can be restored in favor of health after periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Purwar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , India
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Ambiel MV, Roselino AM. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a Brazilian sample of pemphigus patients. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 89:752-6. [PMID: 25184914 PMCID: PMC4155953 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris are endemic in the northeastern region
of São Paulo State, Brazil. They are treated mainly with systemic corticosteroids,
which may provoke osteoporosis; atherosclerosis, higher blood pressure, insulin
resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia and abdominal obesity. These side
effects of corticoids also constitute criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic
syndrome. OBJECTIVE The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and each component of metabolic syndrome in
Pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris groups was compared with Brazilian
casuistic samples. METHODS Data of 147 patients (pemphigus foliaceus 48.9% and pemphigus vulgaris 51.1%) were
compiled from medical records regarding metabolic syndrome and its components, and
included in the analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome
in pemphigus groups compared with the Brazilian casuistic samples. The analysis of
each component of metabolic syndrome showed a higher prevalence of: higher blood
pressure in male subjects with pemphigus vulgaris, and in pemphigus foliaceus in
both genders; diabetes mellitus in both genders for pemphigus vulgaris and
pemphigus foliaceus; obesity in females for pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus
foliaceus, and hypertriglyceridemia in both genders for pemphigus vulgaris and
pemphigus foliaceus groups that were statistically significant compared to the
Brazilian reports. Furthermore, the study noted a higher incidence of
cardiovascular events in both genders in pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus
vulgaris groups than in Brazilian casuistic samples. CONCLUSION The components of metabolic syndrome are more numerous in pemphigus when compared
with Brazilian casuistic samples. Future studies are necessary to assure that
metabolic syndrome may be associated with pemphigus per se, including a greater
casuistic sample of patients who have not taken corticoids.
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Purwar P, Khan MA, Mahdi AA, Pandey S, Singh B, Dixit J, Sareen S. Salivary and serum leptin concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 86:588-94. [PMID: 25537001 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of leptin has led to the elucidation of a robust physiologic system that not only maintains fat stores but is also an integral part of the host defense mechanism. However, leptin concentrations in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) has not been explored despite the potential role of salivary biomarkers in determining the presence, risk, and progression of periodontal disease. METHODS Eighty-four participants (44 with generalized severe CP and 40 without periodontitis) were enrolled. For each patient, the values of periodontal parameters were recorded, such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical AL ≥5 mm. Saliva and serum samples were collected to estimate the leptin concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical analysis was performed using software. RESULTS Participants with CP demonstrated significantly higher BOP, PI, GI, and percentage of sites with clinical AL >5 mm (P <0.05). Leptin was detectable in all the clinical samples. Salivary leptin concentrations in patients with CP were significantly lower than in healthy volunteers (6,200.61 ± 2,322.11 versus 8,799.60 ± 901.70 pg/mL), whereas serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CP than in healthy volunteers (11,600.00 ± 1,705.01 versus 7,616.62 ± 1,169.83 pg/mL). In addition, the results reflected a significant negative correlation of salivary leptin and a positive correlation of serum leptin with PD (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that leptin concentrations in saliva and serum are significantly altered in CP and relate closely to current disease activity; however, further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Purwar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Koeck ES, Iordanskaia T, Sevilla S, Ferrante SC, Hubal MJ, Freishtat RJ, Nadler EP. Adipocyte exosomes induce transforming growth factor beta pathway dysregulation in hepatocytes: a novel paradigm for obesity-related liver disease. J Surg Res 2014; 192:268-75. [PMID: 25086727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been attributed to increased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance mediated by visceral adipose tissue (VAT), although the exact mechanisms are undefined. Exosomes are membrane-derived vesicles containing messenger RNA, microRNA, and proteins, which have been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases, which we postulated may be involved in obesity-related diseases. We isolated exosomes from VAT, characterized their content, and identified their potential targets. Targets included the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway, which has been linked to NAFLD. We hypothesized that adipocyte exosomes would integrate into HepG2 and hepatic stellate cell lines and cause dysregulation of the TGF-β pathway. METHODS Exosomes from VAT from obese and lean patients were isolated and fluorescently labeled, then applied to cultured hepatic cell lines. After incubation, culture slides were imaged to detect exosome uptake. In separate experiments, exosomes were applied to cultured cells and incubated 48-h. Gene expression of TGF-β pathway mediators was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and compared with cells, which were not exposed to exosomes. RESULTS Fluorescent-labeled exosomes integrated into both cell types and deposited in a perinuclear distribution. Exosome exposure caused increased tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and integrin ανβ-5 expression and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-7 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in to HepG2 cells and increased expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-4, Smad-3, integrins ανβ-5 and ανβ-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes from VAT integrate into liver cells and induce dysregulation of TGF-β pathway members in vitro and offers an intriguing possibility for the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Koeck
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Tatiana Iordanskaia
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Samantha Sevilla
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sarah C Ferrante
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evan P Nadler
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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Yu M, Zhou H, Zhao J, Xiao N, Roychowdhury S, Schmitt D, Hu B, Ransohoff RM, Harding CV, Hise AG, Hazen SL, DeFranco AL, Fox PL, Morton RE, Dicorleto PE, Febbraio M, Nagy LE, Smith JD, Wang JA, Li X. MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:887-907. [PMID: 24752299 PMCID: PMC4010914 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production by endothelial cells plays a role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation by promoting adipose macrophage recruitment and M1-like polarization. Low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated with metabolic syndrome, which plays a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigate how Toll-like receptor–MyD88 signaling in myeloid and endothelial cells coordinately participates in the initiation and progression of high fat diet–induced systemic inflammation and metabolic inflammatory diseases. MyD88 deficiency in myeloid cells inhibits macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue and their switch to an M1-like phenotype. This is accompanied by substantially reduced diet-induced systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. MyD88 deficiency in endothelial cells results in a moderate reduction in diet-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, selective insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, and amelioration of spontaneous atherosclerosis. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies suggest that MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production from the endothelial cells might play a critical role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation and development of atherosclerosis by priming the monocytes in the adipose and arterial tissues to differentiate into M1-like inflammatory macrophages. Collectively, these results implicate a critical MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Yu
- Department of Immunology, 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 3 Department of Pathobiology, 4 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Viana EC, Araujo-Dasilio KL, Miguel GPS, Bressan J, Lemos EM, Moyses MR, de Abreu GR, de Azevedo JLMC, Carvalho PS, Passos-Bueno MRS, Errera FIV, Bissoli NS. Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: the same impact on IL-6 and TNF-α. Prospective clinical trial. Obes Surg 2014; 23:1252-61. [PMID: 23475776 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the association between the quantity of adipose tissue and concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), this work aimed to assess the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) procedures on serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations. METHODS This study evaluated serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels, as well as routine anthropometric and biochemical values, before and 1 year post-bariatric surgery. Fifty percent of patients (n = 24) underwent RYGB, and 50 % (n = 24) underwent SG. Prior to bariatric surgery, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were investigated in obese women. RESULTS There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in all anthropometric and routine biochemical measurements in patients in the RYGB and SG groups 1 year post-surgery. The serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced following surgery in both groups (p < 0.05). No differences in the relative expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found between SAT and VAT prior to bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS RYGB and SG procedures demonstrated a similar impact on adipokine levels in women 1 year post-surgery. Both techniques may improve the course of chronic diseases and the state of inflammation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Viana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rua Marechal Campos, 1468 Vitória, CEP: 29040-090, ES, Brazil.
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Paredes S, Ribeiro L. Cortisol: the villain in Metabolic Syndrome? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2014; 60:84-92. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.60.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This article reviews the state of the art regarding the association between glucocorticoid actions and both obesity and insulin resistance, two main features of the metabolic syndrome. Methods A methodological assessment of the literature on PubMed and SciELO databases was conducted by using the following terms: stress, metabolic syndrome, glucocorticoids, obesity, insulin resistance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Results Chronic stress, mainly through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, promotes the accumulation of visceral fat. Reciprocally, obesity promotes a systemic low-grade inflammation state, mediated by increased adipokine secretion, which can chronically stimulate and disturb stress system. This vicious cycle, probably initiated by visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, might be the trigger for the development of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Given the strong evidences linking glucocorticoid release, obesity and type 2 diabetes, better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this connection might be useful for prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Paz-Filho G, Mastronardi C, Franco CB, Wang KB, Wong ML, Licinio J. Leptin: molecular mechanisms, systemic pro-inflammatory effects, and clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 56:597-607. [PMID: 23329181 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, the adipokine produced mainly by the white adipose tissue, plays important roles not only in the regulation of food intake, but also in controlling immunity and inflammation. It has been widely demonstrated that the absence of leptin leads to immune defects in animal and human models, ultimately increasing mortality. Leptin also regulates inflammation by means of actions on its receptor, that is widely spread across different immune cell populations. The molecular mechanisms by which leptin determines its biological actions have also been recently elucidated, and three intracellular pathways have been implicated in leptin actions: JAK-STAT, PI3K, and ERK 1/2. These pathways are closely regulated by intracellular proteins that decrease leptin biological activity. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which leptin regulates immunity and inflammation, and associate those mechanisms with chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Tsatsoulis A, Mantzaris MD, Bellou S, Andrikoula M. Insulin resistance: an adaptive mechanism becomes maladaptive in the current environment - an evolutionary perspective. Metabolism 2013; 62:622-33. [PMID: 23260798 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human survival has relied upon the ability to withstand starvation through energy storage, the capacity to fight off infection by a proinflammatory immune response, and the ability to cope with physical stressors by an adaptive stress response. Energy storage, mainly as glycogen in liver and triglycerides in adipose tissue, is regulated by the anabolic actions of insulin. On the other hand, mobilization of stored energy during infection, trauma or stress is served by the temporary inhibition of insulin action (insulin resistance) in target tissues by proinflammatory cytokines and stress hormones. In the current environment, high energy intake, low physical activity, and chronic stress favor the storage of surplus fat in adipose tissue depots that far exceeds their storage capacity and liporegulation. Lipid overload in central fat depots initiates an inflammatory response and adipocyte dysfunction with resultant low-grade systemic inflammation and lipid overflow to peripheral tissues. In turn, proinflammatory cytokines and non-oxidized lipid metabolites, accumulated in liver and muscle cells, activate the mechanism of insulin resistance as would occur in the case of infection or stress. The same factors together with the ensuing insulin resistance further contribute to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and ultimately to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present review supports the hypothesis that insulin resistance evolved as a physiological adaptive mechanism in human survival and that the same mechanism is inappropriately activated on a chronic basis in the current environment, leading to the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathocles Tsatsoulis
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the study of heart failure (HF), biomarkers have served as an important tool for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic assessment. Their main categories in the area of HF are markers of ventricular dysfunction, inflammation, metabolism, neurohormones, oxidative stress, myocardial injury and extracellular matrix remodeling. AREAS COVERED Leptin contributes to the modulation of metabolism, respiratory control and inflammation, which are factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of leptin in patients with HF have shown conflicting results in previous studies. Most studies have suggested that serum leptin levels may be increased in patients without cachexia. On the other hand, leptin levels are decreased in patients with advanced HF and cardiac cachexia or specific HF etiologies such as Chagas' disease. Other studies have showed that leptin levels were related to exercise intolerance. The only exception of the direct correlation of serum leptin levels with severity of CHF is present in CHF with cardiac cachexia, because patients with cardiac cachexia have plasma leptin concentrations lower than those without cardiac cachexia. EXPERT OPINION These findings can make leptin an important diagnostic and prognostic marker for HF and be included in routine investigation of patients with HF.
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Lee HS, Lee JC, Lee IK, Moon HB, Chang YS, Jacobs DR, Lee DH. Associations among organochlorine pesticides, Methanobacteriales, and obesity in Korean women. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27773. [PMID: 22114690 PMCID: PMC3219687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Methanobacteriales in the gut has recently been linked to obesity, no study has examined the hypothesis that waist circumference, a marker of visceral obesity, are positively associated with Methanobacteriales in the general population. Since Methanobacteriales increase in a petroleum-contaminated environment to biodegrade petroleum as one way of autopurification, we also hypothesized that high body burden of highly lipophilic petroleum-based chemicals like organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) is associated with higher levels of Methanobacteriales in the gut. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among 83 Korean women who visited a community health service center for a routine health checkup, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based on 16S rDNA was used to quantify Methanobacteriales in feces. Nine OCPs were measured in both serum and feces of 16 subjects. Methanobacteriales were detected in 32.5% (27/83 women). Both BMI and waist circumference among women with Methanobacteriales were significantly higher than in women without Methanobacteriales (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively). Also, Methanobacteriales levels in feces were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference (r = +0.23 and P = 0.03 for both). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between feces Methanobacteriales levels and serum concentrations of most OCPs, including with cis-nonachlor (r = +0.53, P<0.05), oxychlordane (r = +0.46, P<0.1), and trans-nonachlor (r = +0.43, P<0.1). Despite high correlations of serum and feces concentrations of most OCPs, feces OCP concentrations were not clearly associated with feces Methanobacteriales levels. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE In this cross-sectional study, the levels of Methanobacteriales in the human gut were associated with higher body weight and waist circumference. In addition, serum OCP concentrations were positively correlated with levels of Methanobacteriales. There may be a meaningful link among body burden of OCP, Methanobacteriales in the gut, and obesity in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Sook Lee
- Department of Public Health Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Je-Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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The interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphism -174 and atherosclerotic events in overweight transplanted patients. J Transplant 2011; 2011:803429. [PMID: 21766010 PMCID: PMC3134262 DOI: 10.1155/2011/803429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that combining overweight and a greater genetic capacity to produce IL-6 predicted by IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism at position -174 (G→C) may allow to identify individuals exhibiting higher IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations with a higher risk of atherosclerotic events (AE).
The occurrence of AE was analyzed with respect to body mass index, IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism at position -174 (G→C), and other relevant risk factors, retrospectively, in 217 renal transplant recipients and, prospectively, in 132.
Circulating IL-6 concentrations were closely related to BMI (r = 0.55, P = .0005). In overweight patients, serum IL-6 concentration was found to be significantly lower in C carriers than in GG patients (4.2 [1.0–5.1] versus 7.3 pg/mL [4.4–100]; P = .025). The incidence of AE was higher in overweight GG patients (29.5% versus 10.1%; P = .0003). In multivariate analysis, overweight-GG had an increased risk to develop AE (HR 2.96 [95% CI 1.09–8.04], P = .034 in the retrospective cohort, and HR 2.99 [95% CI 0.92–9.33], P = .069 in the prospective cohort).
All these data are consistent with a role for both genetic and environmental determinants of inflammation (white adipose tissue mass) in the development of AE in renal transplanted patients.
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Fernandes F, Barbosa-Ferreira JM, Mady C. New diagnostic serum biomarkers for Chagas disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:203-11. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.566859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Varlamov O, Somwar R, Cornea A, Kievit P, Grove KL, Roberts CT. Single-cell analysis of insulin-regulated fatty acid uptake in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E486-96. [PMID: 20570821 PMCID: PMC2944284 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00330.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased body fat correlates with the enlargement of average fat cell size and reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. It is currently unclear whether adipocytes, as they accumulate more triglycerides and grow in size, gradually become less insulin sensitive or whether obesity-related factors independently cause both the enlargement of adipocyte size and reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. In the first instance, large and small adipocytes in the same tissue would exhibit differences in insulin sensitivity, whereas, in the second instance, adipocyte size per se would not necessarily correlate with insulin response. To analyze the effect of adipocyte size on insulin sensitivity, we employed a new single-cell imaging assay that resolves fatty acid uptake and insulin response in single adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue explants. Here, we report that subcutaneous adipocytes are heterogeneous in size and intrinsic insulin sensitivity. Whereas smaller adipocytes respond to insulin by increasing lipid uptake, adipocytes with cell diameters larger than 80-100 microm are insulin resistant. We propose that, when cell size approaches a critical boundary, adipocytes lose insulin-dependent fatty acid transport. This negative feedback mechanism may protect adipocytes from lipid overload and restrict further expansion of adipose tissue, which leads to obesity and metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Varlamov
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, 97006, USA
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Ferreira VSG, Pernambuco RB, Lopes EP, Morais CN, Rodrigues MC, Arruda MJ, Silva LME, Vilar L. Frequency and risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA E METABOLOGIA 2010; 54:362-8. [PMID: 20625647 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and to describe its risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood samples of 78 patients were collected for assessment of glycemic and lipid profile, liver enzymes, TNF-alpha and HOMA-IR. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established by ultrasound. RESULTS NAFLD was observed in 42% of patients who had greater BMI (p < 0.001), and frequency of hypertension (p < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was more frequent in those with NAFLD (p = 0.019). The levels of aspartate, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, TNF-alpha, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than those without NAFLD. CONCLUSION Almost half of patients with DM2 were found to have NAFLD, and they have more elevated BMI, as well as higher levels of aminotransferases, gamma-GT, uric acid, TNF-alpha, insulin and HOMA-IR than subjects without NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S G Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Fontenele EGP, Martins MRA, Quidute ARP, Montenegro Júnior RM. Contaminantes ambientais e os interferentes endócrinos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 54:6-16. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A toxicidade de diversos poluentes ambientais em seres humanos e demais espécies tem sido habitualmente investigada quanto aos seus efeitos teratogênicos e cancerígenos. Nas últimas décadas, muitos contaminantes têm demonstrado efeitos adversos sobre o sistema endócrino. Atualmente, cerca de onze milhões de substâncias químicas são conhecidas em todo mundo, sendo três mil delas produzidas em larga escala. Numerosos compostos químicos de uso doméstico, industrial e agrícola possuem comprovada atividade hormonal. Entre os produtos químicos com atividade estrogênica, destacam-se hormônios presentes em cosméticos, anabolizantes utilizados em rações animais, fitoestrógenos e poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs). Esses agentes que estão presentes nos efluentes industriais, residenciais e das estações de tratamento de água e esgoto representam uma importante fonte de contaminação ambiental. O Programa Internacional de Segurança Química (International Programme on Chemical Safety - IPCS) define como interferente endócrino substâncias ou misturas presentes no ambiente capazes de interferir nas funções do sistema endócrino, causando efeitos adversos em um organismo intacto ou na sua prole. No presente artigo, os autores apresentam uma revisão da literatura atual sobre o papel desses elementos nas doenças endócrinas e metabólicas, os prováveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos, discutindo-se perspectivas futuras em termos de investigação e estratégias para prevenção e redução dos seus possíveis danos.
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Transcriptional regulation of cytokines and oxidative stress by gallic acid in human THP-1 monocytes. Cytokine 2009; 49:229-34. [PMID: 20015662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased inflammation/prooxidation has been linked not only to Type 2 diabetes but also in prediabetes state. In this study we investigated hyperglycemia-mediated proinflammatory/prooxidant effects in THP-1 monocytes and tested whether gallic acid could attenuate changes in gene expression induced by high-glucose. Cells were treated either with 5.5mM glucose or 25mM glucose in the absence and presence of gallic acid. While oxidative DNA damage was assessed by COMET assay, GSH and GSSG levels were estimated fluorimetrically. Gene expression patterns were determined by RT-PCR. Cells treated with high-glucose showed increased DNA damage and glutathione depletion and this was attenuated in the presence of gallic acid. High-glucose treated cells exhibited increased mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, NADPH oxidase and TXNIP and gallic acid attenuated these proinflammatory and prooxidant effects. Cells treated with high-glucose revealed a deficiency in mounting SOCS-3 expression and gallic acid upregulates this feedback regulatory signal. Gallic acid attenuates DNA damage, maintains glutathione turnover, and suppresses hyperglycemia-induced activation of proinflammatory and prooxidant gene expression. Gallic acid beneficially modulate transcription of functionally diverse groups of genes and its regulation of SOCS-3 and TXNIP signals is a newly identified mechanism that has therapeutic implications.
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