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Komninou MA, Seiler TG, Enzmann V. Corneal biomechanics and diagnostics: a review. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:132. [PMID: 38478103 PMCID: PMC10937779 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal biomechanics is an emerging field and the interest into physical and biological interrelations in the anterior part of the eye has significantly increased during the past years. There are many factors that determine corneal biomechanics such as hormonal fluctuations, hydration and environmental factors. Other factors that can affect the corneas are the age, the intraocular pressure and the central corneal thickness. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the factors affecting corneal biomechanics and the recent advancements in non-destructive, in vivo measurement techniques for early detection and improved management of corneal diseases. METHODS Until recently, corneal biomechanics could not be directly assessed in humans and were instead inferred from geometrical cornea analysis and ex vivo biomechanical testing. The current research has made strides in studying and creating non-destructive and contactless techniques to measure the biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo. RESULTS Research has indicated that altered corneal biomechanics contribute to diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma. The identification of pathological corneas through the new measurement techniques is imperative for preventing postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Identification of pathological corneas is crucial for the prevention of postoperative complications. Therefore, a better understanding of corneal biomechanics will lead to earlier diagnosis of ectatic disorders, improve current refractive surgeries and allow for a better postoperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeliki Komninou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theo G Seiler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Klinik Für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut Für Refraktive Und Opthalmo-Chirurgie (IROC), Zurich, Switzerland
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Vrehen AF, Rutten MGTA, Dankers PYW. Development of a Fully Synthetic Corneal Stromal Construct via Supramolecular Hydrogel Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301392. [PMID: 37747759 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of ophthalmology show great potential in the design of bioengineered constructs to mimic the corneal stroma. Hydrogels based on synthetic supramolecular polymers, are attractive synthetic mimics of the natural highly hydrated corneal stroma. Here, a fully synthetic corneal stromal construct is developed via engineering of an injectable supramolecular hydrogel based on ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties. The hydrogel displays a dynamic and tunable behavior, which allows for control of biochemical and mechanical cues. Two hydrogels are developed, a fully synthetic hydrogel functionalized with a bioactive cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate UPy (UPy-cRGD) additive, and a hybrid hydrogel based on UPy-moieties mixed with collagen type I fibers. Both hydrogels supported cell encapsulation and associated cellular deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins after 21 days. Excitingly, the hydrogels support the activation of isolated primary keratocytes into stromal fibroblasts as well as the differentiation toward more quiescent corneal stromal keratocytes, demonstrated by their characteristic long dendritic protrusions and a substantially diminished cytokine secretion. Furthermore, cells survive shear stresses during an injectability test. Together, these findings highlight the development of an injectable supramolecular hydrogel as a synthetic corneal stromal microenvironment able to host primary keratocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika F Vrehen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 7, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin G T A Rutten
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 7, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 7, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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3
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Wu PS, Liu HY, Wong TH, Lin JT, Hu FR, Lin MH. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Prolonged Corneal Preservation Impaired Ocular Surface Immunity Accompanied by Fibrosis in Human Stroma. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3730-3741. [PMID: 37976471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cornea transplantation is one of the most commonly performed allotransplantations worldwide. Prolonged storage of donor corneas leads to decreased endothelial cell viability, severe stromal edema, and opacification, significantly compromising the success rate of corneal transplantation. Corneal stroma, which constitutes the majority of the cornea, plays a crucial role in maintaining its shape and transparency. In this study, we conducted proteomic analysis of corneal stroma preserved in Optisol-GS medium at 4 °C for 7 or 14 days to investigate molecular changes during storage. Among 1923 identified proteins, 1634 were quantifiable and 387 were significantly regulated with longer preservation. Compared to stroma preserved for 7 days, proteins involved in ocular surface immunomodulation were largely downregulated while proteins associated with extracellular matrix reorganization and fibrosis were upregulated in those preserved for 14 days. The increase in extracellular matrix structural proteins together with upregulation of growth factor signaling implies the occurrence of stromal fibrosis, which may compromise tissue clarity and cause vision impairments. This study is the first to provide insights into how storage duration affects corneal stroma from a proteomic perspective. Our findings may contribute to future research efforts aimed at developing long-term preservation techniques and improving the quality of preserved corneas, thus maximizing their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wong
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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4
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Araujo ASL, Simões MDJ, Araujo-Jr OP, Simões RS, Baracat EC, Nader HB, Soares-Jr JM, Gomes RCT. Hyperprolactinemia modifies extracellular matrix components associated with collagen fibrillogenesis in harderian glands of non- and pregnant female mice. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109612. [PMID: 37580001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The harderian gland (HG) is a gland located at the base of the nictating membrane and fills the inferomedial aspect of the orbit in rodents. It is under the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and, because of its hormone receptors, it is a target tissue for prolactin (PRL) and sex steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone). In humans and murine, the anterior surface of the eyes is protected by a tear film synthesized by glands associated with the eye. In order to understand the endocrine changes caused by hyperprolactinemia in the glands responsible for the formation of the tear film, we used an animal model with metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). Given the evidences that HPRL can lead to a process of cell death and tissue fibrosis, the protein expression of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) was analyzed through immunohistochemistry in the HG of the non- and the pregnant female mice with hyperprolactinemia. The SRLPs are related to collagen fibrillogenesis and they participate in pro-apoptotic signals. Our data revealed that high prolactin levels and changes in steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone) can lead to an alteration in the amount of collagen, and in the structure of type I and III collagen fibers through changes in the amounts of lumican and decorin, which are responsible for collagen fibrillogenesis. This fact can lead to the impaired functioning of the HG by excessive apoptosis in the HG of the non- and the pregnant female mice with HPRL and especially in the HG of pregnancy-associated hyperprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne S L Araujo
- Morphology and Genetics Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Manuel de J Simões
- Morphology and Genetics Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, FMUSP, Brazil; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo P Araujo-Jr
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Simões
- Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, FMUSP, Brazil; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, FMUSP, Brazil; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Molecular Biology Division of the Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M Soares-Jr
- Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, FMUSP, Brazil; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Regina C T Gomes
- Morphology and Genetics Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, FMUSP, Brazil; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil.
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Sinha NR, Tripathi R, Balne PK, Suleiman L, Simkins K, Chaurasia SS, Mohan RR. Mustard Gas Exposure Actuates SMAD2/3 Signaling to Promote Myofibroblast Generation in the Cornea. Cells 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 37296653 PMCID: PMC10252656 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard gas (SM) is a vesicating and alkylating agent used as a chemical weapon in many mass-casualty incidents since World War I. Ocular injuries were reported in >90% of exposed victims. The mechanisms underlying SM-induced blindness remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that SM-induced corneal fibrosis occurs due to the generation of myofibroblasts from resident fibroblasts via the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway in rabbit eyes in vivo and primary human corneal fibroblasts (hCSFs) isolated from donor corneas in vitro. Fifty-four New Zealand White Rabbits were divided into three groups (Naïve, Vehicle, SM-Vapor treated). The SM-Vapor group was exposed to SM at 200 mg-min/m3 for 8 min at the MRI Global facility. Rabbit corneas were collected on day 3, day 7, and day 14 for immunohistochemistry, RNA, and protein lysates. SM caused a significant increase in SMAD2/3, pSMAD, and ɑSMA expression on day 3, day 7, and day 14 in rabbit corneas. For mechanistic studies, hCSFs were treated with nitrogen mustard (NM) or NM + SIS3 (SMAD3-specific inhibitor) and collected at 30 m, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. NM significantly increased TGFβ, pSMAD3, and SMAD2/3 levels. On the contrary, inhibition of SMAD2/3 signaling by SIS3 treatment significantly reduced SMAD2/3, pSMAD3, and ɑSMA expression in hCSFs. We conclude that SMAD2/3 signaling appears to play a vital role in myofibroblast formation in the cornea following mustard gas exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant R. Sinha
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Praveen K. Balne
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Laila Suleiman
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Katherine Simkins
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Morikawa H, Nishina S, Torii K, Hosono K, Yokoi T, Shigeyasu C, Yamada M, Kosuga M, Fukami M, Saitsu H, Azuma N, Hori Y, Hotta Y. A pediatric case of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy caused by the novel variant c.953del of the DCN gene. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:9. [PMID: 36964172 PMCID: PMC10039048 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a 1-year-old girl with congenital stromal corneal dystrophy confirmed by genetic analysis. The ocular phenotype included diffuse opacity over the corneal stroma bilaterally. We performed a genetic analysis to provide counseling to the parents regarding the recurrence rate. Whole exome sequencing was performed on her and her parents, and a novel de novo variant, NM_001920.5: c.953del, p.(Asn318Thrfs*10), in the DCN gene was identified in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Morikawa
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishina
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaoruko Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hosono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoi
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Shigeyasu
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamada
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motomichi Kosuga
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Azuma
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hotta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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7
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Polymeric Biomaterials in Treating Diabetic Wounds-An Upcoming Wound Healing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051205. [PMID: 36904445 PMCID: PMC10007618 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are one of the serious, non-healing, chronic health issues faced by individuals suffering from diabetic mellitus. The distinct phases of wound healing are either prolonged or obstructed, resulting in the improper healing of diabetic wounds. These injuries require persistent wound care and appropriate treatment to prevent deleterious effects such as lower limb amputation. Although there are several treatment strategies, diabetic wounds continue to be a major threat for healthcare professionals and patients. The different types of diabetic wound dressings that are currently used differ in their properties of absorbing wound exudates and may also cause maceration to surrounding tissues. Current research is focused on developing novel wound dressings incorporated with biological agents that aid in a faster rate of wound closure. An ideal wound dressing material must absorb wound exudates, aid in the appropriate exchange of gas, and protect from microbial infections. It must support the synthesis of biochemical mediators such as cytokines, and growth factors that are crucial for faster healing of wounds. This review highlights the recent advances in polymeric biomaterial-based wound dressings, novel therapeutic regimes, and their efficacy in treating diabetic wounds. The role of polymeric wound dressings loaded with bioactive compounds, and their in vitro and in vivo performance in diabetic wound treatment are also reviewed.
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Dynamic Ocular Response to Mechanical Loading: The Role of Viscoelasticity in Energy Dissipation by the Cornea. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010063. [PMID: 36810394 PMCID: PMC9944807 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency, elastic modulus, and loss modulus of components of the anterior segment of pig eyes in vitro. Such basic biomechanical properties of the cornea have been shown to be abnormal not only in diseases of the anterior segment but also in posterior segment diseases as well. This information is needed to better understand corneal biomechanics in health and disease and to be able to diagnose the early stages of corneal pathologies. Results of dynamic viscoelastic studies on whole pig eyes and isolated corneas indicate that at low strain rates (30 Hz or less), the viscous loss modulus is as high as 0.6 times the elastic modulus for both whole eyes and corneas. This large viscous loss is similar to that of skin, which has been hypothesized to be dependent upon the physical association of proteoglycans with collagenous fibers. The energy dissipation properties of the cornea provide a mechanism to dissipate energy associated with blunt trauma, thereby preventing delamination and failure. The cornea possesses the ability to store impact energy and transmit excess energy to the posterior segment of the eye through its serial connection to the limbus and sclera. In this manner, the viscoelastic properties of the cornea, in concert with that of the posterior segment of the pig eye, function to prevent mechanical failure of the primary focusing element of the eye. Results of resonant frequency studies suggest that the 100-120 Hz and 150-160 Hz resonant frequency peaks reside in the anterior segment of the cornea since the removal of the anterior segment of the cornea decreases the peak heights at these resonant frequencies. These results suggest that there is more than one collagen fibril network found in the anterior portion of the cornea that provides structural integrity to prevent corneal delamination and that VOCT may be useful clinically to diagnose corneal diseases.
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Balters L, Reichl S. 3D bioprinting of corneal models: A review of the current state and future outlook. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231197793. [PMID: 37719307 PMCID: PMC10504850 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231197793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye and serves to protect the eye and enable vision by refracting light. The need for cornea organ donors remains high, and the demand for an artificial alternative continues to grow. 3D bioprinting is a promising new method to create artificial organs and tissues. 3D bioprinting offers the precise spatial arrangement of biomaterials and cells to create 3D constructs. As the cornea is an avascular tissue which makes it more attractive for 3D bioprinting, it could be one of the first tissues to be made fully functional via 3D bioprinting. This review discusses the most common 3D bioprinting technologies and biomaterials used for 3D bioprinting corneal models. Additionally, the current state of 3D bioprinted corneal models, especially specific characteristics such as light transmission, biomechanics, and marker expression, and in vivo studies are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Balters
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Sahu B, Shrama DD, Jayakumar GC, Madhan B, Zameer F. A review on an imperative by-product: Glycosaminoglycans- A Holistic approach. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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11
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Varkoly G, Hortobágyi TG, Gebri E, Bencze J, Hortobágyi T, Módis L. Expression Pattern of Tenascin-C, Matrilin-2, and Aggrecan in Diseases Affecting the Corneal Endothelium. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11205991. [PMID: 36294311 PMCID: PMC9604752 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11205991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of tenascin-C, matrilin-2, and aggrecan in irreversible corneal endothelial pathology such as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) and Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which most frequently require corneal transplantation. Materials and methods: Histological specimens of corneal buttons removed during keratoplasty were investigated in PBK (n = 20) and FECD (n = 9) and compared to healthy control corneas (n = 10). The sections were studied by chromogenic immunohistochemistry (CHR-IHC) and submitted for evaluation by two investigators. Semiquantitative scoring (0 to 3+) was applied according to standardized methods at high magnification (400x). Each layer of the cornea was investigated; in addition, the stroma was subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior parts for more precise analysis. In case of non-parametric distribution Mann−Whitney test was applied to compare two groups. Kruskal−Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests have been applied for comparison of the chromogenic IHC signal intensity among corneal layers within the control and patient groups. Differences of p < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Significantly elevated tenascin-C immunopositivity was present in the epithelium and every layer of the stroma in both pathologic conditions as compared to normal controls. In addition, also significantly stronger matrilin-2 positivity was detected in the epithelium; however, weaker reaction was present in the endothelium in PBK cases. Minimal, but significantly elevated immunopositivity could be observed in the anterior and posterior stroma in the FECD group. Additionally, minimally, but significantly higher aggrecan immunoreaction was present in the anterior stroma in PBK and in the posterior stroma in both endothelial disorders. All three antibodies disclosed the strongest reaction in the posterior stroma either in PBK or in FECD cases. Conclusions: These extracellular matrix molecules disclosed up to moderate immunopositivity in the corneal layers in varying extents. Through their networking, bridging, and adhesive abilities these proteins are involved in corneal regeneration and tissue reorganization in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Varkoly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Gebri
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery and Dental Outpatient Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - László Módis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Sinha NR, Tripathi R, Balne PK, Green SL, Sinha PR, Bunyak F, Giuliano EA, Chaurasia SS, Mohan RR. Time-dependent in situ structural and cellular aberrations in rabbit cornea in vivo after mustard gas exposure. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109247. [PMID: 36113569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An array of corneal pathologies collectively called mustard gas keratopathy (MGK) resulting from ocular exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) gas are the most prevalent chemical warfare injury. MGK involves chronic ocular discomfort that results in vision impairment. The etiology of MGK remains unclear and poorly understood primarily due to a lack of scientific data regarding structural and cellular changes in different layers of the cornea altered by mustard vapor exposure in vivo. The goals of this study were to (a) characterize time-dependent changes in different layers of corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium in live animals in situ by employing state-of-the-art multimodal clinical ophthalmic imaging techniques and (b) determine if SM-induced acute changes in corneal cells could be rescued by a topical eye drop (TED) treatment using in an established rabbit in vivo model. Forty-five New Zealand White Rabbit eyes were divided into four groups (Naïve, TED, SM, and SM + TED). Only one eye was exposed to SM (200 mg-min/m3 for 8 min), and each group had three time points with six eyes each (Table-1). TED was topically applied twice a day for seven days. Clinical eye examinations and imaging were performed in live rabbits with stereo, Slit-lamp, HRT-RCM3, and Spectralis microscopy system. Fantes grading, fluorescein staining, Schirmer's tests, and applanation tonometry were conducted to measure corneal haze, ocular surface aberrations, tears, and intraocular pressure respectively. H&E and PSR staining were used for histopathological cellular changes in the cornea. In vivo confocal and OCT imaging revealed significant changes in structural and morphological appearance of corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium in vivo in SM-exposed rabbit corneas in a time-dependent manner compared to naïve cornea. Also, SM-exposed eyes showed loss of corneal transparency characterized by increased stromal thickness and light-scattering myofibroblasts or activated keratocytes, representing haze formation in the cornea. Neither naive nor TED-alone treated eyes showed any structural, cellular, and functional abnormalities. Topical TED treatment significantly reduced SM-induced abnormalities in primary corneal layers. We conclude that structural and cellular changes in primary corneal layers are early pathological events contributing to MGK in vivo, and efficient targeting of them with suitable agents has the potential to mitigate SM ocular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Praveen K Balne
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sydney L Green
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Filiz Bunyak
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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13
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Chang L, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhang N, Wang C, Wang Y, Liu W. Effectiveness of collagen cross-linking induced by two-photon absorption properties of a femtosecond laser in ex vivo human corneal stroma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5067-5081. [PMID: 36187250 PMCID: PMC9484424 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two-photon induced collagen cross-linking (CXL) using femtosecond lasers in human corneal stroma. An 800-nm femtosecond laser optical path for CXL was established. Corneal samples that received two-photon induced CXL and ultraviolet-A (UVA) CXL underwent uniaxial stretching experiments, proteolytic resistance assays and observation of collagen fiber structure changes. Two-photon induced CXL can achieve corneal stiffening effects comparable to UVA CXL and showed better advantages at low strains. The cornea after two-photon induced CXL exhibited high enzymatic resistance and tight collagen fiber arrangement. Two-photon induced CXL promises to be a new option for keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Terrace Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Terrace Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, No. 4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhenzhou Cheng
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Congzheng Wang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Terrace Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, No. 4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
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14
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Shrinkage Properties and Their Relationship with Degradation of Proteins Linking the Endomysium and Myofibril in Lamb Meat Submitted to Heating or Air Drying. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152242. [PMID: 35954013 PMCID: PMC9368109 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The shrinkage of the connective tissue and myofiber of lamb meat submitted to heat treatment or air drying at different storage stages (1, 5 and 7 days) was evaluated herein. The longitudinal and transverse shrinkage of heated lamb meat was significantly influenced by storage time and water bath heating temperature (50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C) (p < 0.001). In contrast, the shrinkage of air-dried lamb meat was not influenced by storage time (p > 0.05). The microstructure of heated lamb meat, namely, the distance between muscle fascicles, the distance between myofibril networks, the area of myofibril networks, and the endomysium circumference, was significantly influenced by storage time (p < 0.05). During storage, the proportion of muscle fibers completely detached from endomysium increased, which could be due to the progressive degradation of proteins linking the endomysium and myofibril, including β-dystroglycan, α-dystroglycan, integrin-β1, and dystrophin. However, degradation of such proteins did not influence the shrinkage of lamb meat stored for five days or longer, since the decreased distance between myofibril networks indicated a higher shrinkage ratio of the endomysium compared to myofibers in samples air-dried at 35 °C or heated at 90 °C. The effect of these proteins on the shrinkage of heated lamb meat (raw meat stored for 1 day or less time) requires further elucidation.
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15
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Mogensen EH, Poulsen ET, Thøgersen IB, Yamamoto K, Brüel A, Enghild JJ. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) interactome in the human cornea. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109081. [PMID: 35461874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human cornea is responsible for approximately 70% of the eye's optical power and, together with the lens, constitutes the only transparent tissue in the human body. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a large, multitalented endocytic receptor, is expressed throughout the human cornea, yet its role in the cornea remains unknown. More than 30 years ago, LRP1 was purified by exploiting its affinity for the activated form of the protease inhibitor alpha-2-macroblulin (A2M), and the original purification protocol is generally referred to in studies involving full-length LRP1. Here, we provide a novel and simplified LRP1 purification protocol based on LRP1's affinity for receptor-related protein (RAP) that produces significantly higher yields of authentic LRP1. Purified LRP1 was used to map its unknown interactome in the human cornea. Corneal proteins extracted under physiologically relevant conditions were subjected to LRP1 affinity pull-down, and LRP1 ligand candidates were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 28 LRP1 ligand candidates were found, including 22 novel ligands. The LRP1 corneal interactome suggests a novel role for LRP1 as a regulator of the corneal immune response, structure, and ultimately corneal transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hage Mogensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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16
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Corneal stromal repair and regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Torsahakul C, Israsena N, Khramchantuk S, Ratanavaraporn J, Dhitavat S, Rodprasert W, Nantavisai S, Sawangmake C. Bio-fabrication of stem-cell-incorporated corneal epithelial and stromal equivalents from silk fibroin and gelatin-based biomaterial for canine corneal regeneration. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263141. [PMID: 35120168 PMCID: PMC8815981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal grafts are the imperative clinical treatment for canine corneal blindness. To serve the growing demand, this study aimed to generate tissue-engineered canine cornea in part of the corneal epithelium and underlying stroma based on canine limbal epithelial stem cells (cLESCs) seeded silk fibroin/gelatin (SF/G) film and canine corneal stromal stem cells (cCSSCs) seeded SF/G scaffold, respectively. Both cell types were successfully isolated by collagenase I. SF/G corneal films and stromal scaffolds served as the prospective substrates for cLESCs and cCSSCs by promoting cell adhesion, cell viability, and cell proliferation. The results revealed the upregulation of tumor protein P63 (P63) and ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (Abcg2) of cLESCs as well as Keratocan (Kera), Lumican (Lum), aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 (Aldh3a1) and Aquaporin 1 (Aqp1) of differentiated keratocytes. Moreover, immunohistochemistry illustrated the positive staining of tumor protein P63 (P63), aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 (Aldh3a1), lumican (Lum) and collagen I (Col-I), which are considerable for native cornea. This study manifested a feasible platform to construct tissue-engineered canine cornea for functional grafts and positively contributed to the body of knowledge related to canine corneal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutirat Torsahakul
- Graduate program in Veterinary Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Khramchantuk
- Excellence Center for Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Ratanavaraporn
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirakarnt Dhitavat
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watchareewan Rodprasert
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Nantavisai
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry (CERD), Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Juarez A, Djallali M, Piché M, Thériault M, Groleau M, Beroual S, McTiernan CD, Lin G, Hélie P, Carrier M, Griffith M, Brunette I. A Liquid Hydrogel to Restore Long Term Corneal Integrity After Perforating and Non-Perforating Trauma in Feline Eyes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:773294. [PMID: 34976970 PMCID: PMC8714956 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate long-term in vivo functionality of corneas regenerated using a cell-free, liquid hydrogel filler (LiQD Cornea) after deep corneal trauma in the feline model. Methods: Two healthy cats underwent 4 mm diameter stepwise 250/450 µm deep surgical corneal ablation with and without needle perforation. The filler comprising 10% (w/w) collagen-like peptide conjugated to polyethylene glycol (CLP-PEG) and 1% fibrinogen and crosslinked with 2% (w/w) 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM), was applied to the wound bed previously coated with thrombin (250 U/ml). In situ gelation occurred within 5 min, and a temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed. Eyes were examined weekly for 1 month, then monthly over 12 months. Outcome parameters included slit-lamp, Scheimpflug tomography, optical coherence tomography, confocal and specular microscopy, and immunohistochemistry studies. Results: The gelled filler was seamlessly incorporated, supporting smooth corneal re-epithelialization. Progressive in-growth of keratocytes and nerves into the filler corresponding to the mild haze observed faded with time. The regenerated neo-cornea remained stably integrated throughout the 12 months, without swelling, inflammation, infection, neovascularization, or rejection. The surrounding host stroma and endothelium remained normal at all times. Tomography confirmed restoration of a smooth surface curvature. Conclusion: Biointegration of this hydrogel filler allowed stable restoration of corneal shape and transparency in the feline model, with less inflammation and no neovascularization compared to previous reports in the minipig and rabbit models. It offers a promising alternative to cyanoacrylate glue and corneal transplantation for ulcerated and traumatized corneas in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Juarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie de l'Université de Montréal à l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Djallali
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyse Piché
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Thériault
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Groleau
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sharifa Beroual
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Grace Lin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Hélie
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brunette
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie de l'Université de Montréal à l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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The Communication between Ocular Surface and Nasal Epithelia in 3D Cell Culture Technology for Translational Research: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312994. [PMID: 34884799 PMCID: PMC8657734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge regarding the connection between the ocular and nasal epithelia. This narrative review focuses on conjunctival, corneal, ultrastructural corneal stroma, and nasal epithelia as well as an introduction into their interconnections. We describe in detail the morphology and physiology of the ocular surface, the nasolacrimal ducts, and the nasal cavity. This knowledge provides a basis for functional studies and the development of relevant cell culture models that can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of diseases related to these complex structures. Moreover, we also provide a state-of-the-art overview regarding the development of 3D culture models, which allow for addressing research questions in models resembling the in vivo situation. In particular, we give an overview of the current developments of corneal 3D and organoid models, as well as 3D cell culture models of epithelia with goblet cells (conjunctiva and nasal cavity). The benefits and shortcomings of these cell culture models are discussed. As examples for pathogens related to ocular and nasal epithelia, we discuss infections caused by adenovirus and measles virus. In addition to pathogens, also external triggers such as allergens can cause rhinoconjunctivitis. These diseases exemplify the interconnections between the ocular surface and nasal epithelia in a molecular and clinical context. With a final translational section on optical coherence tomography (OCT), we provide an overview about the applicability of this technique in basic research and clinical ophthalmology. The techniques presented herein will be instrumental in further elucidating the functional interrelations and crosstalk between ocular and nasal epithelia.
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20
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Formisano N, Putten C, Grant R, Sahin G, Truckenmüller RK, Bouten CVC, Kurniawan NA, Giselbrecht S. Mechanical Properties of Bioengineered Corneal Stroma. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100972. [PMID: 34369098 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the majority of patients with severe corneal injury or disease, corneal transplantation is the only suitable treatment option. Unfortunately, the demand for donor corneas greatly exceeds the availability. To overcome shortage issues, a myriad of bioengineered constructs have been developed as mimetics of the corneal stroma over the last few decades. Despite the sheer number of bioengineered stromas developed , these implants fail clinical trials exhibiting poor tissue integration and adverse effects in vivo. Such shortcomings can partially be ascribed to poor biomechanical performance. In this review, existing approaches for bioengineering corneal stromal constructs and their mechanical properties are described. The information collected in this review can be used to critically analyze the biomechanical properties of future stromal constructs, which are often overlooked, but can determine the failure or success of corresponding implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nello Formisano
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Cas Putten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AP The Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon Grant
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Gozde Sahin
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AP The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AP The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
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21
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Riau AK, Boey KPY, Binte M Yusoff NZ, Goh TW, Yam GHF, Tang KF, Phua CSH, Chen HJ, Chiew YF, Liu YC, Mehta JS. Experiment-Based Validation of Corneal Lenticule Banking in a Health Authority-Licensed Facility. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:69-83. [PMID: 34128385 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the expected rise in patients undergoing refractive lenticule extraction worldwide, the number of discarded corneal stromal lenticules will increase. Therefore, establishing a lenticule bank to collect, catalog, process, cryopreserve, and distribute the lenticules (for future therapeutic needs) could be advantageous. In this study, we validated the safety of lenticule banking that involved the collection of human lenticules from our eye clinic, transportation of the lenticules to a Singapore Ministry of Health-licensed lenticule bank, processing, and cryopreservation of the lenticules, which, after 3 months or, a longer term, 12 months, were retrieved and transported to our laboratory for implantation in rabbit corneas. The lenticule collection was approved by the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (CIRB). Both short-term and long-term cryopreserved lenticules, although not as transparent as fresh lenticules due to an altered collagen fibrillar packing, did not show any sign of rejection and cytotoxicity, and did not induce haze or neovascularization for 16 weeks even when antibiotic and steroidal administration were withdrawn after 8 weeks. The lenticular transparency progressively improved and was mostly clear after 4 weeks, the same period when we observed the stabilization of corneal hydration. We showed that the equalization of the collagen fibrillar packing of the lenticules with that of the host corneal stroma contributed to the lenticular haze clearance. Most importantly, no active wound healing and inflammatory reactions were seen after 16 weeks. Our study suggests that long-term lenticule banking is a feasible approach for the storage of stromal lenticules after refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri K Riau
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenny P Y Boey
- Group Laboratory Operations, Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tze-Wei Goh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gary H F Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kin F Tang
- Group Laboratory Operations, Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Laboratory, Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hui-Jun Chen
- Singapore Laboratory, Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke F Chiew
- Singapore Laboratory, Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Corneal and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Corneal and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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The Descemet Membrane in Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Cornea 2021; 40:172-178. [PMID: 32925426 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate Descemet membrane (DM) morphology in eyes with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in vivo using high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and on histopathology. METHODS Corneal scans of patients with PCG (22 eyes of 15 patients) were evaluated for DM morphology and anterior chamber angle using ASOCT. The DM thickness in PCG eyes was compared with fellow eyes (8 eyes) of unilateral patients with PCG and healthy controls (12 eyes) on ASOCT. The DM morphology was also compared on the histopathology of corneal tissues (9) obtained from PCG eyes after keratoplasty and enucleated eyes of retinoblastoma (6 controls) on light microscopy with immunostaining for collagen IV. RESULTS On ASOCT, all affected eyes showed the presence of either a thickened DM complex or a hyper-reflective double layer representing the thickened DM and pre-Descemet layer (PDL), unlike a single membrane in the controls and fellow eyes. On ASOCT, among patients with PCG, the DM showed significant thickening (32.0 ± 11.2 μm) versus fellow eyes (14.4 ± 3.3 μm) and controls (11.5 ± 1 μm) (P < 0.001; analysis of variance). The thickened DM complex continued peripherally into the trabecular meshwork as an abnormal membrane in 16/22 affected eyes. On histopathology, thickening of DM was also more among PCG eyes (median: 67.9 μm range: 27.2-214.9) versus controls (median: 27.7 μm, range: 22.1-36.1; P = 0.005) as also of PDL (median: 14 μm, range: 5.9-30.5) of PCG versus (median 3.5, range: 1.3-6.7 μm) in controls; P = 0.014. CONCLUSIONS Thickening of DM and PDL occurs in eyes with PCG and is seen to have a peripheral extension upto the angle recess.
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McGrath O, Au L, Ashworth J. Management of Corneal Clouding in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153263. [PMID: 34362047 PMCID: PMC8348690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a rare group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the accumulation of incompletely degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in multiple organ systems including the eye. Visual loss occurs in MPS predominantly due to corneal clouding and retinopathy, but the sclera, trabecular meshwork and optic nerve may all be affected. Despite the success of therapies such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in improving many of the systemic manifestations of MPS, their effect on corneal clouding is minimal. The only current definitive treatment for corneal clouding is corneal transplantation, usually in the form of a penetrating keratoplasty or a deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. This article aims to provide an overview of corneal clouding, its current clinical and surgical management, and significant research progress.
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Dan Cosnita AR, Raica M, Sava MP, Cimpean AM. Gene Expression Profile of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) and Platelet-derived Growth Factors (PDGFs) in the Normal Cornea. In Vivo 2021; 35:805-813. [PMID: 33622873 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Angiogenic growth factors expression is not known in the normal cornea. The aim was to study corneal gene expression profile of VEGF and PDGF pathways influencing the avascular state of cornea. MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA synthesis was performed from mRNA extracted from five fresh pig corneas followed by cDNA synthesis and analysis of VEGF and PDGF pathways by TaqMan Array gene expression profile. RESULTS Normal pig cornea lacks VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 gene expression. MK2 and AKT1 genes were significantly overexpressed (p=0.000684, p=0.050995, respectively). Six PDGF pathway genes were overexpressed: TIAM1 (p=0.047), PIK3CA (p=0.00005), IKBKG (p=0.000006), PAK4 (p=0.034), RAC1 (p=0.000006 and PTGS2, p=0.00375). PDGF A was up-regulated, but not with a statistical significance (p=0.79911), while PDGFRα was down-regulated and PDGFRβ was not expressed. CONCLUSION Normal cornea avascularity is given by growth factor receptors down-regulation. Rapid corneal neovascularisation is induced by activation of the main angiogenic growth factors that induce angiogenic cascade and vessel recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Radu Dan Cosnita
- Department IX, Surgery I/Ophthalmology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Poenaru Sava
- Department IX, Surgery I/Ophthalmology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; .,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Corneal Biomechanical Changes in Third Trimester of Pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060600. [PMID: 34200925 PMCID: PMC8230443 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is a clear evidence that pregnancy is associated with high production of sex hormones. During the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, blood hormones levels increase gradually. Cells with affinity for sex hormones have been identified in different ocular tissues, such as: lid, lacrimal gland, meibomian gland, bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae, cornea, iris, ciliary body, lens, retina (retinal pigment epithelium) and choroid. This is why pregnancy is associated with changes at ocular level, involving anterior and posterior segments. Several clinical trials have been made trying to highlight changes in corneal biomechanics during pregnancy. By conducting this review, we want to evaluate both the changes in parameters that define corneal biomechanics and intraocular pressure values in pregnant. Materials and Methods: Following a systematic search in the literature related mainly to changes in corneal biomechanics during pregnancy, focusing on the paper published in the last decade, we included in a meta-analysis the cumulative results of three prospective comparative studies. Results: Important changes in corneal biomechanics (corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor) parameters were observed in women in the third trimester of pregnancy, but these variations were not statistically significant. Also, a decrease in intraocular pressure was mentioned in these women, but only the corneal compensation intraocular pressure showed a decrease with statistical significance. Conclusions: A decrease in corneal compensatory intraocular pressure was observed in pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, but without other statistically significant changes resulting from the analysis of the other three parameters (corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure).
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Parekh M, Ramos T, O’Sullivan F, Meleady P, Ferrari S, Ponzin D, Ahmad S. Human corneal endothelial cells from older donors can be cultured and passaged on cell-derived extracellular matrix. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e512-e522. [PMID: 32914525 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of culturing human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) from older donors on extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEC-12). METHODS HCEC-12 cells were cultured on lab-tek chamber slides for 9 days. Upon confluence, the cells were ruptured using ammonium hydroxide leaving the released ECM on the slide surface which was visualized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). HCEnCs from old aged donor tissues (n = 40) were isolated and cultured on either fibronectin-collagen (FNC) or HCEC-12 ECM at passage (P) 0. At subsequent passages (P1 and P2), cells were sub-cultured on FNC and ECM separately. Live/dead analysis and tight junction using ZO-1 staining were used to record percentage viability and morphological changes. The protein composition of HCEC-12 ECM was then analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS SEM images showed long fibrillar-like structures and a fully laid ECM upon confluence. HCEnCs cultured from older donor tissues on this ECM showed significantly better proliferation and morphometric characteristics at subsequent passages. Out of 1307 proteins found from the HCEC-12 derived ECM, 93 proteins were evaluated to be matrix oriented out of which 20 proteins were exclusively found to be corneal endothelial specific. CONCLUSIONS ECM derived from HCEC-12 retains protein and growth factors that stimulate the growth of HCEnCs. As the current clinical trials are from younger donors that are not available routinely for cell culture, HCEnCs from older donors can be cultured on whole ECM and passaged successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Parekh
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | - Tiago Ramos
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | | | | | | | - Diego Ponzin
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus Venice Italy
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
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Mutoji KN, Sun M, Elliott G, Moreno IY, Hughes C, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Remodeling after Corneal Alkali Burn in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5708. [PMID: 34071909 PMCID: PMC8199272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transparency relies on the precise arrangement and orientation of collagen fibrils, made of mostly Type I and V collagen fibrils and proteoglycans (PGs). PGs are essential for correct collagen fibrillogenesis and maintaining corneal homeostasis. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and PGs after a chemical injury. The chemical composition of chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) were characterized in mouse corneas 5 and 14 days after alkali burn (AB), and compared to uninjured corneas. The expression profile and corneal distribution of CS/DSPGs and keratan sulfate (KS) PGs were also analyzed. We found a significant overall increase in CS after AB, with an increase in sulfated forms of CS and a decrease in lesser sulfated forms of CS. Expression of the CSPGs biglycan and versican was increased after AB, while decorin expression was decreased. We also found an increase in KS expression 14 days after AB, with an increase in lumican and mimecan expression, and a decrease in keratocan expression. No significant changes in HS composition were noted after AB. Taken together, our study reveals significant changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix following a corneal chemical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazadi N. Mutoji
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (K.N.M.); (M.S.); (G.E.); (I.Y.M.); (T.F.G.)
| | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (K.N.M.); (M.S.); (G.E.); (I.Y.M.); (T.F.G.)
| | - Garrett Elliott
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (K.N.M.); (M.S.); (G.E.); (I.Y.M.); (T.F.G.)
| | - Isabel Y. Moreno
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (K.N.M.); (M.S.); (G.E.); (I.Y.M.); (T.F.G.)
| | - Clare Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Tarsis F. Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (K.N.M.); (M.S.); (G.E.); (I.Y.M.); (T.F.G.)
- Optimvia, Batavia, OH 45103, USA
| | - Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (K.N.M.); (M.S.); (G.E.); (I.Y.M.); (T.F.G.)
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Walckling M, Waterstradt R, Baltrusch S. Collagen Remodeling Plays a Pivotal Role in Endothelial Corneal Dystrophies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:1. [PMID: 33259606 PMCID: PMC7718819 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the collagen structure in the Descemet membrane (DM) of the human cornea and to characterize its rearrangement in patients with endothelial corneal dystrophies. Methods Corneas from nine human donors and dystrophic DMs removed from 16 affected eyes of 13 patients by endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) were investigated using a correlative RT-qPCR and label-free two-channel multiphoton microscopy (MPM) setup. Although collagen formation was visualized by second harmonic generation, the cellular structure was determined by autofluorescence. Results The DM of the human donor cornea was characterized by a consistent pattern of fine hexagonal collagen structures that form a supportive scaffold for the endothelial cells. Accordingly, network-forming collagens (8A1 and 8A2) but less fibrillar collagens (only 1A2) were expressed. DMEK resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) improvement of best-corrected visual acuity. In the removed dystrophic DMs, MPM analyses revealed collagen rearrangement in addition to loss of endothelial cells and the development of guttae. MPM analyses of the whole patient's DM demonstrated this collagen remodeling in its entirety and facilitated correlation to Scheimpflug corneal tomography. In most DMs a unique honeycomb collagen network was identified, with distinct bundles surrounding the guttae and correlating with expression of fibrillar collagens (1A1). Conversely, some DMs showed either reduced collagen on MPM and RT-qPCR analysis or diffuse thickening and storage of extracellular matrix. Conclusions The collagen structure of the DM and its adaptive remodeling in endothelial corneal dystrophies has been characterized for the first time here and will facilitate individual therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Walckling
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rica Waterstradt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Baltrusch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Zhou X, Backman LJ, Danielson P. Activation of NF-κB signaling via cytosolic mitochondrial RNA sensing in kerotocytes with mitochondrial DNA common deletion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7360. [PMID: 33795727 PMCID: PMC8016944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Scar formation as a result of corneal wound healing is a leading cause of blindness. It is a challenge to understand why scar formation is more likely to occur in the central part of the cornea as compared to the peripheral part. The purpose of this study was to unravel the underlying mechanisms. We applied RNA-seq to uncover the differences of expression profile in keratocytes in the central/peripheral part of the cornea. The relative quantity of mitochondrial RNA was measured by multiplex qPCR. The characterization of mitochondrial RNA in the cytoplasm was confirmed by immunofluoresence microscope and biochemical approach. Gene expression was analyzed by western blot and RT qPCR. We demonstrate that the occurrence of mitochondrial DNA common deletion is greater in keratocytes from the central cornea as compared to those of the peripheral part. The keratocytes with CD have elevated oxidative stress levels, which leads to the leakage of mitochondrial double-stranded RNA into the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic mitochondrial double-stranded RNA is sensed by MDA5, which induces NF-κB activation. The NF-κB activation thereafter induces fibrosis-like extracellular matrix expressions and IL-8 mRNA transcription. These results provide a novel explanation of the different clinical outcome in different regions of the cornea during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig J. Backman
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Danielson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Aghamollaei H, Hashemian H, Safabakhsh H, Halabian R, Baghersad M, Jadidi K. Safety of grafting acellular human corneal lenticule seeded with Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an experimental animal model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108451. [PMID: 33539864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate safety of grafting acellular human corneal lenticule seeded with Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJSC) in an experimental animal model. Human corneal lenticules were decellularized with a rate of about 97% with an acceptable lack of cytotoxicity and relatively intact ultrastructure of the lenticules. 12 rabbits underwent unilateral stromal pocketing with implantation of decellularized lenticules. Implantation was performed for 6 rabbits along with graft recellularization with WJSCs. Rabbits were euthanized after 1 month (n = 6) and 3 months (n = 6) to evaluate progression of graft bio-integration. No clinical rejection sign was detected during the study. Histopathological analysis showed that, grafts were integrated well with the least distortion of surrounding collagen bundles. After 3 months, labeled WJCS was detected representing viability of stem cells in the host. Increased expression of keratocyte-specific markers showed the potential of recruiting WJSCs as keratocyte progenitor cells to reinforce corneal ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Hashemian
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Safabakhsh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Baghersad
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chameettachal S, Prasad D, Parekh Y, Basu S, Singh V, Bokara KK, Pati F. Prevention of Corneal Myofibroblastic Differentiation In Vitro Using a Biomimetic ECM Hydrogel for Corneal Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:533-544. [PMID: 35014304 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Corneal scarring is one of the major causes of blindness, affecting millions worldwide. Despite recent advancements in surgical strategies, there is an unmet need for a clinically feasible material and methods to prevent scarring following corneal injury. In this study, we report the potential utility of a hydrogel derived from cadaveric animal corneas, using a decellularized corneal matrix hydrogel (abbreviated as dCMH), which is prepared by a simple method. This hydrogel is easily injectable, biocompatible, and has the ability to maintain good shape-retention properties at 37 °C, which make it suitable for in vivo applications. Furthermore, our gene expression studies and immunofluorescence studies indicate that dCMH maintains the morphology and function of keratocytes in vitro and prevents their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts. From the above results, it is evident that dCMH maintains the keratocytes with the ability to regenerate the corneal defect without scar. We thus suggest a simple yet effective approach for corneal tissue decellularization and that dCMH can be a promising material for prophylaxis against blinding scar formation in an injured cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Deeksha Prasad
- SSR-Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Regenerative Ophthalmology, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Yash Parekh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- SSR-Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Regenerative Ophthalmology, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India.,Centre for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- SSR-Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Regenerative Ophthalmology, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India.,Centre for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Bokara
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
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McNutt PM, Mohan RR. The Need for Improved Therapeutic Approaches to Protect the Cornea Against Chemotoxic Injuries. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:2. [PMID: 33200044 PMCID: PMC7645219 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.12.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornea, a highly specialized transparent tissue, is the major refractive element of the eye. The cornea is highly susceptible to chemotoxic injury through topical exposure to vapors, microparticles, and aqueous drops, as well as through systemically absorbed chemicals that access the cornea via tear film, aqueous humor, and limbal vasculature. Corneal injury activates a carefully orchestrated series of repair processes capable of resolving minor lesions over time, but it often fails to overcome the menace of moderate, severe, and chronic injuries and secondary pathophysiologies that permanently impair vision. The most serious complications of chemical injuries-persistent corneal edema, neovascularization, scarring/haze, limbal stem cell deficiency, and corneal melting-often manifest over months to years, suggesting that a better understanding of endogenous regenerative mechanisms of corneal repair can lead to the development of improved treatments that may attenuate or prevent corneal defects and protect vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. McNutt
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Sciences, and Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Khalili M, Asadi M, Kahroba H, Soleyman MR, Andre H, Alizadeh E. Corneal endothelium tissue engineering: An evolution of signaling molecules, cells, and scaffolds toward 3D bioprinting and cell sheets. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3275-3303. [PMID: 33090510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cornea is an avascular and transparent tissue that focuses light on retina. Cornea is supported by the corneal-endothelial layer through regulation of hydration homeostasis. Restoring vision in patients afflicted with corneal endothelium dysfunction-mediated blindness most often requires corneal transplantation (CT), which faces considerable constrictions due to donor limitations. An emerging alternative to CT is corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE), which involves utilizing scaffold-based methods and scaffold-free strategies. The innovative scaffold-free method is cell sheet engineering, which typically generates cell layers surrounded by an intact extracellular matrix, exhibiting tunable release from the stimuli-responsive surface. In some studies, scaffold-based or scaffold-free technologies have been reported to achieve promising outcomes. However, yet some issues exist in translating CETE from bench to clinical practice. In this review, we compare different corneal endothelium regeneration methods and elaborate on the application of multiple cell types (stem cells, corneal endothelial cells, and endothelial precursors), signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemical compounds, and small RNAs), and natural and synthetic scaffolds for CETE. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of three-dimensional bioprinting strategies and simulation of Descemet's membrane by biomimetic topography. Finally, we dissected the recent advances, applications, and prospects of cell sheet engineering for CETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Biomedicine Institute, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li H, Zhao L, Wang F, Wang H, Dong M, Liu T, Ruan T, Zhou M, Zhou Q, Xie L. Natural cross-linker-stabilized acellular porcine corneal stroma for lamellar keratoplasty. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:270-284. [PMID: 32702529 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) is a promising alternative to human donor cornea for lamellar keratoplasty (LKP). However, the detergents, enzymes and physical forces used during decellularization unavoidably alter the cornea's extracellular matrix composition and disrupt its ultrastructure, making it less mechanically stable and liable to degradation both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we systematically analyzed the low biomechanics and easy degradability of APCS in terms of structure and protein composition. Then, we introduced natural cross-linkers, namely proanthocyanidin (PA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate and genipin, to stabilize the APCS that exhibited color variations during crosslinking. Then, we developed a protective crosslinking system by combining cross-linkers with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to reduce color change, maintain transparency and improve the mechanical property of APCS. PA/BSA-crosslinked APCS (PA/BSA-APCS) shows favorable corneal transparency and swelling property; the improved overall and surface corneal biomechanics were comparable to those of human cornea, revealing strong resistance to enzymatic degradation and good biocompatibility. Results from LKP in the rabbit model showed complete re-epithelialization without graft melting, the stitches were scarcely loosened after the operation and more host keratocytes had migrated in PA/BSA-APCS at six months post-operation. Therefore, PA/BSA-APCS could be useful as a corneal substitute for tissue regeneration and the protective crosslinking system could be applicable in other bioengineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Muchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical Universtiy, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
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Hopping GC, Somani AN, Vaidyanathan U, Liu H, Barnes JR, Ronquillo YC, Hoopes PC, Moshirfar M. Myopic regression and recurrent Salzmann nodule degeneration after laser in situ keratomileusis in Ehlers Danlos Syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 19:100729. [PMID: 32426553 PMCID: PMC7225616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the first case of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) reported in the English language ophthalmic literature to have undergone Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. OBSERVATIONS We review our patient's specific postoperative complications of myopic regression, Salzmann nodular degeneration, and dry eye syndrome, as well as the risks and consequences of performing LASIK on patients with this collagen disorder. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE Refractive errors may prompt EDS patients to seek laser vision correction, placing them at increased risk for complications such as myopic regression, keratectasia, and dry eye syndrome. Aberrant wound healing and collagen dysfunction may have influenced our patient's myopic regression and Salzmann nodule degeneration post-LASIK. Currently, EDS is considered a relative contraindication in LASIK due to a presumed higher risk of postoperative keratectasia; however, we believe it is possible that not all forms of EDS need to be an absolute contraindication to LASIK. More research is warranted to determine preoperative risk stratification for laser vision surgery in each subtype of EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Hopping
- McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anisha N. Somani
- McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Uma Vaidyanathan
- McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harry Liu
- McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James R. Barnes
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, VCU Medical Center, 1201 E, Marshall St #4-100, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Yasmyne C. Ronquillo
- Hoopes Durrie Rivera Research Center, Hoopes Vision; 11820 State St, Draper, UT, 84020, USA
| | - Phillip C. Hoopes
- Hoopes Durrie Rivera Research Center, Hoopes Vision; 11820 State St, Draper, UT, 84020, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- Hoopes Durrie Rivera Research Center, Hoopes Vision; 11820 State St, Draper, UT, 84020, USA
- Utah Lions Eye Bank; 6056 Fashionsquare Drive Suite 200, Murray, UT, 84107, USA
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine; 65 Mario Capecchi Drive Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
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Rahman N, O'Neill E, Irnaten M, Wallace D, O'Brien C. Corneal Stiffness and Collagen Cross-Linking Proteins in Glaucoma: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategy. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:582-594. [PMID: 32667842 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of the cornea have recently emerged as clinically useful in risk assessment of diagnosing glaucoma and predicting disease progression. Corneal hysteresis (CH) is a dynamic tool, which measures viscoelasticity of the cornea. It represents the overall deformability of the cornea, and reduces significantly with age. Low CH has also been associated with optic nerve damage and progression of visual field loss in glaucoma. The extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents of the cornea, trabecular meshwork (TM), sclera, and lamina cribrosa (LC) are similar, as they are predominantly made of fibrillar collagen. This suggests that biomechanical changes in the cornea may also reflect optic nerve compliance in glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and in the known increase of TM tissue stiffness in glaucoma. Increased collagen cross-linking contributes to tissue stiffening throughout the body, which is observed in normal aging and occurs at an accelerated rate in systemic conditions such as fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and glaucoma. We reviewed 3 ECM cross-linking proteins that may have a potential role in the disease process of increased tissue stiffness in glaucoma, including lysyl oxidase (LOX)/lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1), tissue transglutaminase (TG2), and advanced glycation end products. We also report elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of LOX and TG2 in glaucoma LC cells to support our proposed theory that increased levels of cross-linking proteins in glaucoma play a role in LC tissue stiffness. We highlight areas of research that are needed to better understand the role of cross-linking in glaucoma pathogenesis, leading potentially to a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najiha Rahman
- UCD Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evelyn O'Neill
- UCD Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research, Catherine Mcauley Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah Wallace
- UCD Clinical Research, Catherine Mcauley Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O'Brien
- UCD Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Clinical Research, Catherine Mcauley Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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van Huizen NA, Ijzermans JNM, Burgers PC, Luider TM. Collagen analysis with mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:309-335. [PMID: 31498911 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based techniques can be applied to investigate collagen with respect to identification, quantification, supramolecular organization, and various post-translational modifications. The continuous interest in collagen research has led to a shift from techniques to analyze the physical characteristics of collagen to methods to study collagen abundance and modifications. In this review, we illustrate the potential of mass spectrometry for in-depth analyses of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A van Huizen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Burgers
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rodriguez-Pozo JA, Ramos-Lopez JF, Gonzalez-Gallardo MC, Campos F, Sanchez-Porras D, Oyonarte S, Oruezabal RI, Campos A, Martin-Piedra MA, Alaminos M. Evaluation of myopic cornea lenticules. A histochemical and clinical correlation. Exp Eye Res 2020; 196:108066. [PMID: 32439395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have analyzed the main clinical and corneal histological parameters that may be associated to the spherical equivalent (SE), age and gender of individuals with myopic refractive errors. For this purpose, 108 cornea stroma lenticules were obtained from patients subjected to ReLEx-SMILE myopia correction. Histological analyses were carried out and histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify key histological components of the cornea stroma, including mature collagen fibers, reticular and elastic fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, type-V collagen and several crystallins. Clinical and histological data were analyzed to determine their association with SE, age and gender. Results showed a significant correlation between the age range of the patients and the expression of crystallins CRY-α-A, CRY-λ1 and type-V collagen and between CRY-λ1 and corneal thickness, spherical diopters (D) and SE, although correlation between CRY-λ1 and SE was non-significant when age was controlled. Comparison of cases with low myopia and high/moderate myopia found statistical differences for D and lenticule thickness and diameter. The binary logistic regression analysis allowed us to construct a model using two clinical parameters (D and lenticule thickness). Parameters showing significant correlation with the age were the corneal radius, keratometry reading (K), OZ, CRY-α-A and type-V collagen, whereas SE, lenticule thickness, OZ, CRY-λ1 and type-V collagen showed statistically significant differences between the youngest and the oldest patients. A binary logistic regression analysis model was generated including 3 variables (D, cornea radius and OZ). No gender differences were found. The specific clinical and histological modifications found to be associated to the SE and age could be useful for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the genesis or progression of myopia and could establish the basement for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rodriguez-Pozo
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J F Ramos-Lopez
- University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto Oftalmológico de Granada, Spain
| | - M C Gonzalez-Gallardo
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - F Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - D Sanchez-Porras
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - S Oyonarte
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Blood and Tissue Bank of Granada, Spain
| | - R I Oruezabal
- Andalusian Network for the design and translation of Advanced Therapies, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - M A Martin-Piedra
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - M Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
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A Novel CD147 Inhibitor, SP-8356, Attenuates Pathological Fibrosis in Alkali-Burned Rat Cornea. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082990. [PMID: 32340317 PMCID: PMC7215672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal fibrotic responses to corneal damage often lead to severe corneal opacification thereby resulting in severe visual impairment or even blindness. The persistence of corneal opacity depends heavily on the activity of corneal myofibroblast. Myofibroblasts are opaque and synthesize a disorganized extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus promoting opacification. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is known to play important roles in the differentiation process from fibroblast to myofibroblast in damaged cornea and may therefore be an effective target for treatment of corneal opacity. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of novel CD147 inhibiting verbenone derivative SP-8356 ((1S,5R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxystyryl)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) on corneal fibrosis. Topical SP-8356 significantly reduced corneal haze and fibrosis in the alkali-burned cornea. In detail, SP-8356 inhibited both alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblast and its ECM-related products, such as matrix-metalloproteinase-9 and collagen type III and IV. Similar to SP-8356, topical corticosteroid (prednisolone acetate, PA) also reduced the ECM-related products and opacification. However, prednisolone acetate failed to decrease the population of α-SMA-positive corneal myofibroblast. In conclusion, SP-8356 is capable enough to prevent corneal haze by preventing pathological fibrosis after severe corneal damage. Therefore, SP-8356 could be a potentially promising therapeutic drug for corneal fibrosis.
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Taurone S, Miglietta S, Spoletini M, Feher J, Artico M, Papa V, Matassa R, Familiari G, Gobbi P, Micera A. Age related changes seen in human cornea in formalin fixed sections and on biomicroscopy in living subjects: A comparison. Clin Anat 2019; 33:245-256. [PMID: 31595552 PMCID: PMC7027767 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our experimental research was to assess the effects of aging on the main corneal structures in healthy corneas. Small, human cornea samples were collected from 20 Caucasian subjects during surgery for traumatic lesions to the eye. Ten subjects were adults (mean age 28 years) and 10 were elderly (mean age 76 years). Morphological analysis was carried out using light microscopy and electron microscopy. Another 40 patients (20 young: mean age < 30 years; 20 elderly: mean age > 70 years) were studied in vivo by confocal microscopy. The resulting images were analyzed qualitatively, quantitatively, and statistically. The basic light microscope revealed a decrease in endothelial cell density with age accompanied by an increase in endothelial cell size. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a corneal thinning and a decrease in the number of corneal stromal cells. A marked decrease in stromal nerve fibers was observed in the older subjects compared to the younger ones. Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP‐SEM) was used to make surface morphological observations and to determine the chemical composition of in vivo hydrated human corneas. Our results showed the effects of aging on normal corneal morphology highlighting the structural diversity of the corneal layers and revealing an age‐related reduction in nerve fibers, thus explaining the decreased corneal sensitivity that may be observed in the elderly. Clin. Anat. 33:245–256, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Janos Feher
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Papa
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Partenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Matassa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
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Tissue-Derived Biological Particles Restore Cornea Properties in an Enzyme-Mediated Corneal Ectatic Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6040090. [PMID: 31569699 PMCID: PMC6956048 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of tissue derived biological particles on enzyme-mediated weakened corneas. Methods: Rabbit corneas were treated with enzymes to create an ex vivo ectatic model that simulated representative characteristics of keratoconus (KC). Porcine cornea, cartilage, and lymph node tissues were processed to remove most cellular components and cryomilled into microparticles. The KC corneas were cultured in medium containing the tissue-derived biological particles (TDP) overnight. The mechanical, thermal, ultrastructural changes, and gene expressions of corneal stromal cells were characterized to evaluate the effects of the TDP treatment. Results: The enzyme treatment significantly reduced corneal mechanics and thermal stability, and also disrupted the extracellular matrix ultrastructure. After culturing with TDP medium, the Young’s modulus of the modeled KC corneas increased by ~50%, comparable to normal cornea controls. Similarly, the thermal denaturation temperature of the corneas was restored. These findings also corresponded to a significant increase in collagen fibril density after TDP treatment. Furthermore, corneas cultured in TDP medium significantly downregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory gene Tnfα, and restored the expression of the key keratocyte markers Aldh, keratocan, and biglycan. Conclusions: Tissue-derived biological particles reinforce mechanical and thermal properties of corneal tissue in an ex vivo model of KC. Through this study, we demonstrate and characterize the previously unexplored impact of tissue-derived biological scaffolds on corneal biomechanics, thermal stability, and gene expression, presenting a potential new therapy for ocular disease.
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Han SF, Yang Y. Influence of needling conditions on the corneal insertion force. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:1239-1246. [PMID: 31553277 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1655002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Needle insertion plays an important part in the process of corneal graft surgery. In this paper, a three-dimensional symmetry model of the human cornea is constructed using the finite element method. Simplification of specific optic physiology is defined for the model: The cornea constrained by the sclera is presented as two layers consisting of epithelium and stroma. A failure criterion based on the distortion energy theory has been proposed to predict the insertion process of the needle. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature. The influence of needling conditions (e.g. insertion velocity, rotation parameters and vibration parameters) on the insertion force are then discussed. In addition, a multi-objective optimization based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to reduce the insertion force. The numerical results provide guidelines for selecting the motion parameters of the needle and a potential basis for further developments in robot-assisted surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University , Beijing , P.R. China
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Abstract
The corneal stroma comprises 90% of the corneal thickness and is critical for the cornea's transparency and refractive function necessary for vision. When the corneal stroma is altered by disease, injury, or scarring, however, an irreversible loss of transparency can occur. Corneal stromal pathology is the cause of millions of cases of blindness globally, and although corneal transplantation is the standard therapy, a severe global deficit of donor corneal tissue and eye banking infrastructure exists, and is unable to meet the overwhelming need. An alternative approach is to harness the endogenous regenerative ability of the corneal stroma, which exhibits self-renewal of the collagenous extracellular matrix under appropriate conditions. To mimic endogenous stromal regeneration, however, is a challenge. Unlike the corneal epithelium and endothelium, the corneal stroma is an exquisitely organized extracellular matrix containing stromal cells, proteoglycans and corneal nerves that is difficult to recapitulate in vitro. Nevertheless, much progress has recently been made in developing stromal equivalents, and in this review the most recent approaches to stromal regeneration therapy are described and discussed. Novel approaches for stromal regeneration include human or animal corneal and/or non-corneal tissue that is acellular or is decellularized and/or re-cellularized, acellular bioengineered stromal scaffolds, tissue adhesives, 3D bioprinting and stromal stem cell therapy. This review highlights the techniques and advances that have achieved first clinical use or are close to translation for eventual therapeutic application in repairing and regenerating the corneal stroma, while the potential of these novel therapies for achieving effective stromal regeneration is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
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Ophthalmological Findings in Mucopolysaccharidoses. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091467. [PMID: 31540112 PMCID: PMC6780167 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogenous group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The accrual of these compounds results in phenotypically varied syndromes that produce multi-organ impairment with widespread systemic effects. The low incidence of MPS (approximately 1/25,000 live births) in conjunction with the high childhood mortality rate had limited the availability of research into certain clinical features, especially ocular manifestations. As the recent successes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) have greatly increased life expectancy in these patients, they have served as a focal point for the transition of research towards improvement of quality of life. Ophthalmological findings in MPS include corneal clouding, glaucoma, optic neuropathies, and retinopathies. While corneal clouding is the most common ocular feature of MPS (especially type I, IVA, and VI), its response to HSCT and ERT is minimal. This review discusses known eye issues in the MPS subtypes, diagnosis of these ocular diseases, current clinical and surgical management, noteworthy research progress, and ultimately presents a direction for future studies.
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Effects of Thickness on Corneal Biomechanical Properties Using Optical Coherence Elastography. Optom Vis Sci 2019; 95:299-308. [PMID: 29561496 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Measured corneal biomechanical properties are driven by intraocular pressure, tissue thickness, and inherent material properties. We demonstrate tissue thickness as an important factor in the measurement of corneal biomechanics that can confound short-term effects due to UV riboflavin cross-linking (CXL) treatment. PURPOSE We isolate the effects of tissue thickness on the measured corneal biomechanical properties using optical coherence elastography by experimentally altering the tissue hydration state and stiffness. METHODS Dynamic optical coherence elastography was performed using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging to quantify the tissue deformation dynamics resulting from a spatially discrete, low-force air pulse (150-μm spot size; 0.8-millisecond duration; <10 Pa [<0.08 mmHg]). The time-dependent surface deformation is characterized by a viscoelastic tissue recovery response, quantified by an exponential decay constant-relaxation rate. Ex vivo rabbit globes (n = 10) with fixed intraocular pressure (15 mmHg) were topically instilled every 5 minutes with 0.9% saline for 60 minutes and 20% dextran for another 60 minutes. Measurements were made after every 20 minutes to determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) and the relaxation rates. Cross-linking treatment was performed on another 13 eyes, applying isotonic riboflavin (n = 6) and hypertonic riboflavin (n = 7) every 5 minutes for 30 minutes, followed by UV irradiation (365 nm, 3 mW/cm) for 30 minutes while instilling riboflavin. Central corneal thickness and relaxation rates were obtained before and after CXL treatment. RESULTS Corneal thickness was positively correlated (R = 0.9) with relaxation rates. In the CXL-treated eyes, isotonic riboflavin did not affect CCT and showed a significant increase in relaxation rates (+10%; P = .01) from 2.29 ms to 2.53 ms. Hypertonic riboflavin showed a significant CCT decrease (-31%; P = .01) from 618 μm to 429 μm but showed little change in relaxation rates after CXL treatment. CONCLUSIONS Corneal thickness and stiffness are correlated positively. A higher relaxation rate implied stiffer material properties after isotonic CXL treatment. Hypertonic CXL treatment results in a stiffness decrease that offsets the stiffness increase with CXL treatment.
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Słoniecka M, Danielson P. Substance P induces fibrotic changes through activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1477-1489. [PMID: 31399750 PMCID: PMC6746877 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by hardening, overgrowth, and development of scars in various tissues as a result of faulty reparative processes, diseases, or chronic inflammation. During the fibrotic process in the corneal stroma of the eye, the resident cells called keratocytes differentiate into myofibroblasts, specialized contractile fibroblastic cells that produce excessive amounts of disorganized extracellular matrix (ECM) and pro-fibrotic components such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin. This study aimed to elucidate the role of substance P (SP), a neuropeptide that has been shown to be involved in corneal wound healing, in ECM production and fibrotic markers expression in quiescent human keratocytes, and during the onset of fibrosis in corneal fibroblasts, in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model. We report that SP induces keratocyte contraction and upregulates gene expression of collagens I, III, and V, and fibrotic markers: α-SMA and fibronectin, in keratocytes. Using our in vitro human corneal fibrosis model, we show that SP enhances gene expression and secretion of collagens I, III, and V, and lumican. Moreover, SP upregulates gene expression and secretion of α-SMA and fibronectin, and increases contractility of corneal fibroblasts during the onset of fibrosis. Activation of the preferred SP receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), is necessary for the SP-induced pro-fibrotic changes. In addition, SP induces the pro-fibrotic changes through activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Taken together, we show that SP has a pro-fibrotic effect in both quiescent human keratocytes and during the onset of fibrosis in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Słoniecka
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Chowdhury SR, Mh Busra MF, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX, Cletus UC, Binti Haji Idrus R. Collagen Type I: A Versatile Biomaterial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1077:389-414. [PMID: 30357700 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen type I is the most abundant matrix protein in the human body and is highly demanded in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. To meet the uprising demand in biomedical applications, collagen type I has been isolated from mammalians (bovine, porcine, goat and rat) and non-mammalians (fish, amphibian, and sea plant) source using various extraction techniques. Recent advancement enables fabrication of collagen scaffolds in multiple forms such as film, sponge, and hydrogel, with or without other biomaterials. The scaffolds are extensively used to develop tissue substitutes in regenerating or repairing diseased or damaged tissues. The 3D scaffolds are also used to develop in vitro model and as a vehicle for delivering drugs or active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiplu Roy Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fauzi Mh Busra
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ude Chinedu Cletus
- Bioartificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Binti Haji Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Bi L, Lwigale P. Transcriptomic analysis of differential gene expression during chick periocular neural crest differentiation into corneal cells. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:583-602. [PMID: 31004457 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotent neural crest cells (NCC) contribute to the corneal endothelium and keratocytes during ocular development, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie this process remain poorly understood. We performed RNA-Seq analysis on periocular neural crest (pNC), corneal endothelium, and keratocytes and validated expression of candidate genes by in situ hybridization. RESULTS RNA-Seq profiling revealed enrichment of genes between pNC and neural crest-derived corneal cells, which correspond to pathways involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion, melanogenesis, and MAPK signaling. Comparisons of candidate NCC genes to ocular gene expression revealed that majority of the NCC genes are expressed in the pNC, but they are either differentially expressed or maintained during corneal development. Several genes involved in retinoic acid, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt signaling pathways and their modulators are also differentially expressed. We identified differentially expressed transcription factors as potential downstream candidates that may instruct expression of genes involved in establishing corneal endothelium and keratocyte identities. CONCLUSION Combined, our data reveal novel changes in gene expression profiles as pNC differentiate into highly specialized corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes. These data serve as platform for further analyses of the molecular networks involved in NCC differentiation into corneal cells and provide insights into genes involved in corneal dysgenesis and adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Bi
- BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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Late onset corneal haze after corneal cross-linking for progressive keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 14:64-66. [PMID: 30906900 PMCID: PMC6411486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present the case of a patient that underwent corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus and 18 months later revealed clinically significant corneal stromal haze. Observations A 20-year-old male presented with progressive visual loss OU for the past few years. His corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) OD was 20/30 (−2.75 -1.75 @55) and OS 20/30 (−0.50 -1.75@110). Corneal topography revealed keratoconus OU and the patient underwent corneal crosslinking according to the Dresden Protocol. The postoperative regimen included combined tobramycin and dexamethasone qid along with lubrication until epithelium healed and then fluorometholone qid with weekly tapering. At 3 months postoperatively, his topography was stable and his corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/25 OU. On slit lamp examination, only clinically insignificant stromal haze was observed. At 18 months postoperatively, the patient reported vision deterioration. On examination his CDVA was 20/25 in right eye, and 20/40 in his left eye. Deep stromal haze was revealed in his central cornea, more dense in his left eye. Corneal topography was stable and the CDVA loss was attributed to the notable deep stromal haze. The patient was treated with dexamethasone qid with biweekly tapering. 18 months after corneal crosslinking, the patient demonstrated clinically significant stromal haze, most prominent OS. He was treated with dexamethasone qid. One month later his CDVA OS gradually improved to 20/25, and stromal haze was still noted but less dense. Conclusions and importance Late-onset deep corneal haze is a possible complication of corneal crosslinking in keratoconic patients.
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