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Ma ZA, Wang LX, Zhang H, Li HZ, Dong L, Wang QH, Wang YS, Pan BC, Zhang SF, Cui HT, Lv SQ. Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:502-518. [PMID: 38591083 PMCID: PMC10999033 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction (JPGS) has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) for many years. However, the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear. AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN. METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model. We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice. A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened. Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups, while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups. Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism; alanine, tryptophan metabolism; aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN. Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors. CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN, which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys. Furthermore, JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han-Zhou Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Song Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bao-Chao Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huan-Tian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 065000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shu-Quan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
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Wang S, Qin S, Cai B, Zhan J, Chen Q. Promising therapeutic mechanism for Chinese herbal medicine in ameliorating renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:932649. [PMID: 37522131 PMCID: PMC10376707 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.932649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious chronic microvascular abnormalities of diabetes mellitus and the major cause of uremia. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that fibrosis is a significant pathological feature that contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease in DN. However, the exact mechanism of renal fibrosis in DN is still unclear, which greatly hinders the treatment of DN. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has shown efficacy and safety in ameliorating inflammation and albuminuria in diabetic patients. In this review, we outline the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis in DN, including oxidative stress (OS) generation and OS-elicited ASK1-p38/JNK activation. Also, we briefly summarize the current status of CHM treating DN by improving renal fibrosis. The treatment of DN by inhibiting ASK1 activation to alleviate renal fibrosis in DN with CHM will promote the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for DN and provide a beneficial therapeutic method for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Baochao Cai
- Diabetes Department, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jihong Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shu S, Liu H, Yang J, Tang H, Li H, Liu Z, Zhou M, Zhu F, Hu Z, Ding K, Lu X, Nie J. Targeted inhibition of ZAK ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis. Transl Res 2022; 246:49-65. [PMID: 35276386 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ZAK (sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper-containing kinase) is a newly discovered member of the subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks). The role of ZAK in kidney disease remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression and function of ZAK in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). ZAK was induced, predominantly in tubular epithelium, in both fibrotic kidneys of human and mouse models with TIF. ZAK expression level was correlated with the extent of renal fibrosis and the decline of eGFR of CKD patients. Depleting ZAK attenuated TIF and inflammation induced by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) together with decreased activation of p38 MAPK and Smads signaling. Moreover, we demonstrated that overexpressed ZAK was in complex with Smad2/3 and TGF-β receptor Ⅰ (TβRI). Whereas, silencing endogenous ZAK ameliorated the amount of Smad2/3 recruited to TβRI. Moreover, we discovered a novel small molecule inhibitor of ZAK, named 6p. In vitro, incubation with 6p inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic response in NRK52E cells. In vivo, intragastric administration of 6p ameliorated TIF and inflammation in UUO and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Delayed administration of 6p was also effective in retarding the progression of the established TIF. In conclusion, ZAK is a novel therapeutic target for TIF, and 6p might be a potential therapeutic agent for TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fengxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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The Effect of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction on Spinal Cord Microglia Activation and ASK1-MKK3-p38 Signal Pathway in Rats with Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2408265. [PMID: 35646150 PMCID: PMC9135525 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2408265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most common chronic peripheral neuropathies in diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective. To observe the underlying mechanism of the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (YQHX) on DNP rats. Methods. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to prepare DNP models and were treated with YQHX for 8 weeks. Results. Studies have shown that the drug restores some levels of MWT, TWL, and MNCV, downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, downregulates the levels of ASK1-MKK3-p38, and weakens the level of OX42 activation. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction can relieve DNP by affecting the activity of spinal cord microglia and the ASK1-MKK3-p38 signaling pathway, thereby reducing the central sensitization caused by the inflammatory response of DNP rats.
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Wang B, Xu J, Ren Q, Cheng L, Guo F, Liang Y, Yang L, Tan Z, Fu P, Ma L. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 is a therapeutic target for septic acute kidney injury by regulating inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:333. [PMID: 35410456 PMCID: PMC9001746 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory state in response to infection, and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence suggests that fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is critically involved in kidney diseases, while its role in septic AKI remains unknown. Here, FABP4 was mainly upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI. FABP4 inhibition by genetic deletion or BMS309403 treatment both attenuated kidney dysfunction and pathological injury in CLP- or LPS-treated mice. Notably, RTEC-specific deletion of FABP4 also showed similar renoprotective effects. Moreover, FABP4 inhibition alleviated inflammation and apoptosis in CLP-injured kidneys and LPS-stimulated mouse tubular epithelial cells. Mechanistically, TLR4 blockage improved sepsis-induced kidney injury, as well as suppressed c-Jun phosphorylation and FABP4 expression, where c-Jun knockdown also inhibited LPS-stimulated FABP4 level. Meanwhile, FABP4 inhibition reduced the elevated phosphorylated c-Jun, while the levels of TLR4 and MyD88 were uninfluenced. Collectively, the increased FABP4 in RTECs is dependent on TLR4/c-Jun signaling activation and contributes to kidney injury, by forming a positive feedback loop with c-Jun to aggravate inflammation and apoptosis in septic AKI. Thus, FABP4 may be a therapeutic target for septic AKI. Upregulation of tubular FABP4 in septic AKI is dependent on TLR4/c-Jun signaling activation, and FABP4 mediates sepsis-induced RTEC injury, likely by forming a positive feedback loop with c-Jun to aggravate inflammation and apoptosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Letian Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhouke Tan
- Division of Nephrology, ZunYi Medical University Affiliated Hospital, 563003, ZunYi, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Bell RMB, Conway BR. Macrophages in the kidney in health, injury and repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 367:101-147. [PMID: 35461656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a key component of the renal mononuclear phagocyte system, playing a major role in defense against infection, renal injury and repair. Yolk sac macrophage precursors seed the early embryonic kidney and are important for renal development. Later, renal macrophages are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and in adult life, there is a significant contribution from circulating monocytes, which is enhanced in response to infection or injury. Macrophages are highly plastic and can alter their phenotype in response to cues from parenchymal renal cells. Danger-associated molecules released from injured kidney cells may activate macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, mediating further recruitment of inflammatory cells, exacerbating renal injury and activating renal fibroblasts to promote scarring. In acute kidney injury, once the injury stimulus has abated, macrophages may adopt a more reparative phenotype, dampening the immune response and promoting repair of renal tissue. However, in chronic kidney disease ongoing activation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and persistence of reparative macrophages leads to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmarks of end-stage kidney disease. Several strategies to inhibit the recruitment, activation and secretory products of pro-inflammatory macrophages have proven beneficial in pre-clinical models and are now undergoing clinical trials in patients with kidney disease. In addition, macrophages may be utilized in cell therapy as a "Trojan Horse" to deliver targeted therapies to the kidney. Single-cell RNA sequencing has identified a previously unappreciated spectrum of macrophage phenotypes, which may be selectively present in injury or repair, and ongoing functional analyses of these subsets may identify more specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M B Bell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Cao Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Jiang S, Wu Z, Ding B, Yang Y, Jin Z, Tang H. An Overview of the Posttranslational Modifications and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630401. [PMID: 34124032 PMCID: PMC8193943 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common diabetic microvascular complication, is characterized by its complex pathogenesis, higher risk of mortality, and the lack of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Many studies focus on the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and have reported that the pathophysiology of DN is very complex, involving many molecules and abnormal cellular activities. Given the respective pivotal roles of NF-κB, Nrf2, and TGF-β in inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis during DN, we first review the effect of posttranslational modifications on these vital molecules in DN. Then, we describe the relationship between these molecules and related abnormal cellular activities in DN. Finally, we discuss some potential directions for DN treatment and diagnosis. The information reviewed here may be significant in the design of further studies to identify valuable therapeutic targets for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Camel Milk Mitigates Cyclosporine-Induced Renal Damage in Rats: Targeting p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs, NF-κB, and Matrix Metalloproteinases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050442. [PMID: 34067576 PMCID: PMC8156933 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal damage is a devastating adverse effect for cyclosporine; a widely used immunosuppressant drug. The present work examined the potential of camel milk, a natural agent with marked anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, to attenuate cyclosporine-induced renal injury. The kidney tissue was examined with the aid of Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assays, including colorimetric and ELISA kits. The present findings revealed that camel milk (10 mL/kg/day; for 3 weeks by gavage) significantly lowered serum creatinine, BUN, and KIM-1 renal dysfunction markers. Mechanistically, camel milk inhibited renal inflammation, as seen by significant decrease of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18) and extracellular degradation signals (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and enhanced the generation of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Moreover, it inhibited the upstream pro-inflammatory p38/ERK/JNK MAPK pathway by lowering the phosphorylation of the 3 subfamilies of MAPKs (p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2). Furthermore, camel milk curbed the NF-κB pathway activation by downregulating the protein expression of activated NF-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65, and p-IκBα proteins. Additionally, camel milk inhibited renal oxidative stress by lowering the MPO activity and augmenting the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio and total antioxidant capacity. These findings propose that camel milk may be a promising agent that inhibits cyclosporine-triggered renal inflammation via curtailing the p38/ERK/JNK MAPK and NF-κB pathways, matrix metalloproteinases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Katturajan R, Evan Prince S. A role of connexin 43 on the drug-induced liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract toxicity with associated signaling pathways. Life Sci 2021; 280:119629. [PMID: 34004253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced organ toxicity/injury, especially in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, is a systematic disorder that causes oxidative stress formation and inflammation resulting in cell death and organ failure. Current therapies target reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and inhibit inflammatory factors in organ injury to restore the functions and temporary relief. Organ cell function and tissue homeostasis are maintained through gap junction intercellular communication, regulating connexin hemichannels. Mis-regulation of such connexin, especially connexin (Cx) 43, affects a comprehensive process, including cell differentiation, inflammation, and cell death. Aim to describe knowledge about the importance of connexin role and insights therapeutic targeting. Cx43 misregulation has been implicated in recent decades in various diseases. Moreover, in recent years there is increasing evidence that Cx43 is involved in the toxicity process, including hepatic, renal, and gastrointestinal disorders. Cx43 has the potential to initiate the immune system to cause cell death, which has been activated in the acceleration of apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy signaling pathway. So far, therapies targeting Cx43 have been under inspection and are subjected to clinical trial phases. This review elucidates the role of Cx43 in drug-induced vital organ injury, and recent reports compromise its function in the major signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Guo X, Wu Y, Zhang C, Wu L, Qin L, Liu T. Network Pharmacology Analysis of ZiShenWan for Diabetic Nephropathy and Experimental Verification of Its Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1577-1594. [PMID: 33883881 PMCID: PMC8055297 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s297683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The inflammatory response plays a critical role in DN. ZiShenWan (ZSW) is a classical Chinese medicinal formula with remarkable clinical therapeutic effects on DN, but its pharmacological action mechanisms remain unclear. Aim In this study, a network pharmacology approach was applied to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of ZSW in DN therapy. Based on the results of network analysis, the core targets and signaling pathways related to anti-inflammatory effect were verified via experiments in vivo. Methods The candidate chemical ingredients of ZSW as well as its putative targets and known therapeutic targets of DN were acquired from appropriate databases. The “herb-ingredient-target” network for ZSW in DN treatment was established. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of potential targets was constructed to screen the core targets. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. In addition to biochemical and pathological indicators, the core targets and signaling pathways associated with inflammation were partially validated in db/db mice at molecular level. Results A total of 56 active ingredients in ZSW and 166 DN-related targets were selected from databases. A high proportion of core targets and top signaling pathways participate in inflammation. ZSW markedly alleviated renal injuries pathologically and regulated related biomarkers. In particular, ZSW significantly inhibited the exaggerated release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-ɑ, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 as well as regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways in db/db mice. Conclusion This study first comprehensively investigated the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of ZSW as a therapy for DN. ZSW achieved renoprotective effects in DN via regulation of multiple targets and signaling pathways, especially by alleviating inflammation. Results indicate that ZSW is a promising multi-target therapeutic approach for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - You Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Targeting SHP2 as a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113264. [PMID: 33582386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the change of lifestyle and the acceleration of aging process, inflammatory diseases have increasingly become one of the most vital threats to global human health. SHP2 protein is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11 gene, and it is widely expressed in various tissues and cells. Numerous studies have shown that SHP2 plays important roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases, including cancer-related inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases. In this paper, the roles of SHP2 in inflammatory diseases of various physiological systems were reviewed. At the same time, the latest SHP2 inhibitors were summarized, which will hold a promise for the therapeutic potential in future.
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12
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Casagrande V, Iuliani G, Menini S, Pugliese G, Federici M, Menghini R. Restoration of renal TIMP3 levels via genetics and pharmacological approach prevents experimental diabetic nephropathy. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e305. [PMID: 33634991 PMCID: PMC7862169 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the major complications of diabetes, is characterized by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and progressive loss of renal function. Loss of TIMP3, an Extracellular Matrix bound protein affecting both inflammation and fibrosis, is a hallmark of DN in human subjects and mouse models. METHODS This study was designed to provide evidences that the modulation of the system involving TIMP3 and its target A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), may rescue kidney pathology in diabetic mice. Mice with cell-targeted overexpression of TIMP3 in myeloid cells (MacT3), podocyte-specific ADAM17 knockout mice (∆PodA17), and DBA/2J mice, were rendered diabetic at 8 weeks of age with a low-dose streptozotocin protocol. DBA/2J mice were administered new peptides based on the human TIMP3 N-terminal domain, specifically conjugated with G3C12, a carrier peptide highly selective and efficient for transport to the kidney. Twelve weeks after Streptozotocin injections, 24-hour albuminuria was determined by ELISA, kidney morphometry was analyzed by periodic acid-shift staining, and Real Time-PCR and western blot analysis were performed on mRNA and protein extracted from kidney cortex. RESULTS Our results showed that both genetic modifications and peptides treatment positively affect renal function and structure in diabetic mice, as indicated by a significant and consistent decline in albuminuria along with reduction in glomerular lesions, as indicated by reduced mesangial expansion and glomerular hypertrophy, decreased deposition of extracellular matrix in the mesangium, diminished protein expression of the NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4), and the improvement of podocyte structural markers such as WT1, nephrin, and podocin. Moreover, the positive effects were exerted through a mechanism independent from glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic mice the targeting of TIMP3 system improved kidney structure and function, representing a valid approach to develop new avenues to treat this severe complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine DiseasesFondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”San Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Giulia Iuliani
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Center for AtherosclerosisDepartment of Medical Sciences Policlinico Tor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
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Hashimoto M, Goto A, Endo Y, Sugimoto M, Ueda J, Yamashita H. Effects of CREG1 on Age-Associated Metabolic Phenotypes and Renal Senescence in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031276. [PMID: 33525404 PMCID: PMC7866020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a secreted glycoprotein that accelerates p16-dependent cellular senescence in vitro. We recently reported the ability of CREG1 to stimulate brown adipogenesis using adipocyte P2-CREG1-transgenic (Tg) mice; however, little is known about the effect of CREG1 on aging-associated phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the effects of CREG1 on age-related obesity and renal dysfunction in Tg mice. Increased brown fat formation was detected in aged Tg mice, in which age-associated metabolic phenotypes such as body weight gain and increases in blood glucose were improved compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Blood CREG1 levels increased significantly in WT mice with age, whereas the age-related increase was suppressed, and its levels were reduced, in the livers and kidneys of Tg mice relative to those in WT mice at 25 months. Intriguingly, the mRNA levels of Ink4a, Arf, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related genes and p38MAPK activity were significantly lowered in the aged kidneys of Tg mice, in which the morphological abnormalities of glomeruli as well as filtering function seen in WT kidneys were alleviated. These results suggest the involvement of CREG1 in kidney aging and its potential as a target for improving age-related renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Jun Ueda
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (H.Y.)
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14
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Thongnuanjan P, Soodvilai S, Fongsupa S, Chabang N, Vivithanaporn P, Tuchinda P, Soodvilai S. Protective Effect of Panduratin A on Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:830-837. [PMID: 34078815 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapy but its main side effect, acute kidney injury, limits its use. Panduratin A, a bioactive compound extracted from Boesenbergia rotunda, shows several biological activities such as anti-oxidative effects. The present study investigated the nephroprotective effect of panduratin A on cisplatin-induced renal injury. METHODS We investigated the effect of panduratin A on the toxicity of cisplatin in both mice and human renal cell cultures using RPTEC/TERT1 cells. RESULTS The results demonstrated that panduratin A ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in both mice and RPTEC/TERT1 cells by reducing apoptosis. Mice treated with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg body weight (BW)) exhibited renal tubule injury and impaired kidney function as shown by histological examination and increased serum creatinine. Co-administration of panduratin A (50 mg/kg BW) orally improved kidney function and ameliorated renal tubule injury of cisplatin by inhibiting activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and caspase 3. In human renal proximal tubular cells, cisplatin induced cell apoptosis by activating pro-apoptotic proteins (ERK1/2 and caspase 3), and reducing the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). These effects were significantly ameliorated by co-treatment with panduratin A. Interestingly, panduratin A did not alter intracellular accumulation of cisplatin. It did not alter the anti-cancer efficacy of cisplatin in either human colon or non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights panduratin A has a potential protective effect on cisplatin's nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penjai Thongnuanjan
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Mahidol University
| | - Sirima Soodvilai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University
| | - Somsak Fongsupa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus
| | - Napason Chabang
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
| | | | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Mahidol University
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University
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15
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Oktan MA, Heybeli C, Ural C, Kocak A, Bilici G, Cavdar Z, Ozbal S, Arslan S, Yilmaz O, Cavdar C. Alpha-lipoic acid alleviates colistin nephrotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:761-771. [PMID: 33111558 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120966043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), a clinical form of colistin, is widely used as a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacterial infections in critically ill patients presenting a considerably high mortality rate. However, nephrotoxicity is considered to be a critical adverse effect that limits CMS's clinical use. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a strong antioxidant that is effective in preventing nephrotoxicity in many models. The aim of this study was to investigate ALA's ability to protect against nephrotoxicity induced by colistin in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control group (Control; n = 6), in which isotonic saline was administered to the rats. Group 2 was the ALA group (ALA; n = 6) in which rats received 100 mg/kg ALA. Groups 3 was the CMS (CMS; n = 7) in which 450.000 IU/kg/day of CMS was administered to the rats. Groups 4 was the CMS + ALA group (n = 6), in which rats were injected with 100 mg/kg of ALA 30 min before administration of CMS. All injections were performed intraperitoneally at 1, 4, 7, and 10 days. Urine was collected by using a metabolic cage for 24 h after each administration. The rats were euthanized under ether anesthesia after 24 h of the last administration. Blood and kidney samples then were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. ALA pretreatment could reverse the effects of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity, partly through its suppressing effect on Nox4 and caspase-3, which in turn results in its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect. Therefore, ALA may be an effective strategy for the management of colistin nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Asi Oktan
- Department of Nephrology, 37508Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Heybeli
- Department of Nephrology, 37508Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kocak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Bilici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Cavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Ozbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevki Arslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Cavdar
- Department of Nephrology, 37508Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Cavdar Z, Oktan MA, Ural C, Kocak A, Calisir M, Heybeli C, Yildiz S, Ozbal S, Arslan S, Ergur BU, Yilmaz O, Cavdar C. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates iron induced oxidative acute kidney injury in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:409-417. [PMID: 32921159 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1812001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron has been implicated in oxidative tissue injury owing to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the reno-protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) by investigating its effects on the kidney isoform of NADPH oxidase (Nox4) and the specific signaling pathways, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt, which participate in apoptosis and survival, respectively. We established four groups of seven rats: control, 100 mg/kg ALA, 80 mg/kg iron sucrose (IS) and IS + ALA. IS and ALA were injected intravenously and rats were sacrificied after 6 h. The mRNA expression of the subunits of NADPH oxidase, Nox4 and p22phox; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Active caspase-3 protein expression was evaluated by immunostaining. Also, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were analyzed using western blot. ALA suppressed the mRNA expression of Nox4, p22phox, TNF-α and KIM-1. Active caspase-3 protein expression induced by IS was decreased by ALA. ALA also suppressed p38 MAPK and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway following IS administration. We found that ALA may be an effective strategy for preventing oxidative acute kidney injury caused by IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Cavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Asi Oktan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kocak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meryem Calisir
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Heybeli
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildiz
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Ozbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevki Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Cavdar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Cavdar Z, Oktan MA, Ural C, Calisir M, Kocak A, Heybeli C, Yildiz S, Arici A, Ellidokuz H, Celik A, Yilmaz O, Sarioglu S, Cavdar C. Renoprotective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Iron Overload-Induced Kidney Injury in Rats by Suppressing NADPH Oxidase 4 and p38 MAPK Signaling. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:483-493. [PMID: 31025242 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a powerful antioxidant, against oxidative kidney damage induced by iron overload in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were separated into groups: control (n = 7), ALA (100 mg/kg (n = 7), iron sucrose (IS) (40 mg/kg) (n = 7), and IS + ALA (40 mg/kg IS administration followed by 100 mg/kg ALA) (n = 7). IS and ALA were injected weekly for 4 weeks via the tail vein. Blood and kidneys were collected at sacrification on day 29. Serum creatinine and iron levels were analyzed. Tubular injury and iron deposits were evaluated histopathologically. Additionally, iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) levels and mRNA expressions of the subunits of NADPH oxidase, known as NOX4 and p22phox, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and also p38 MAPK signaling in the kidneys, were evaluated biochemically. In the IS group, serum creatinine and iron level, tubular dilation, and loss of brush border in the kidneys were significantly higher than those of the control. Although those changes were reduced by ALA, the differences were not statistically significant. However, ALA reduced significantly MDA level and increased SOD activity in the kidney during IS administration. ALA also significantly reduced mRNA expressions of NOX4 and p22phox induced by IS, which was parallel to significant decreases of TNF-α and KIM-1 mRNA expressions. Moreover, ALA could suppress the activation of p38 MAPK during IS administration. In conclusion, ALA may be an effective strategy to attenuate in IS-induced oxidative kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Cavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Asi Oktan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meryem Calisir
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kocak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Heybeli
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildiz
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Arici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Celik
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sulen Sarioglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Cavdar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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18
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Tesch GH, Ma FY, Nikolic‐Paterson DJ. Targeting apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 in acute and chronic kidney disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2553-2560. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg H. Tesch
- Department of NephrologyMonash University Victoria Australia
- Department of MedicineMonash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Frank Y. Ma
- Department of NephrologyMonash University Victoria Australia
- Department of MedicineMonash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - David J. Nikolic‐Paterson
- Department of NephrologyMonash University Victoria Australia
- Department of MedicineMonash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
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19
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu Y. Thrombospondin-1: A Key Protein That Induces Fibrosis in Diabetic Complications. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8043135. [PMID: 32626782 PMCID: PMC7306092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis accompanies most common pathophysiological features of diabetes complications in different organs. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, the response to which contributes to inevitable organ injury. The extracellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a kind of extracellular glycoprotein, is upregulated by the increased activity of some transcription factors and results in fibrosis by activating multiple pathways in diabetes. The results of studies from our team and other colleagues indicate that TSP-1 is associated with the pathological process leading to diabetic complications and is considered to be the most important factor in fibrosis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of increased TSP-1 induced by hyperglycemia and the role of TSP-1 in fibrosis during the development of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
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Das NA, Carpenter AJ, Belenchia A, Aroor AR, Noda M, Siebenlist U, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. Empagliflozin reduces high glucose-induced oxidative stress and miR-21-dependent TRAF3IP2 induction and RECK suppression, and inhibits human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Signal 2019; 68:109506. [PMID: 31862399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) in the S1 segment of the kidney abundantly express sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) that play a critical role in whole body glucose homeostasis. We recently reported suppression of RECK (Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs), a membrane anchored endogenous MMP inhibitor and anti-fibrotic mediator, in the kidneys of db/db mice, a model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as well as in high glucose (HG) treated human kidney proximal tubule cells (HK-2). We further demonstrated that empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, reversed these effects. Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying RECK suppression under hyperglycemic conditions, and its rescue by EMPA. Consistent with our previous studies, HG (25 mM) suppressed RECK expression in HK-2 cells. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that HG induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, oxidative stress-dependent TRAF3IP2 upregulation, NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation, inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1), miR-21 induction, MMP2 activation, and RECK suppression. Moreover, RECK gain-of-function inhibited HG-induced MMP2 activation and HK-2 cell migration. Similar to HG, advanced glycation end products (AGE) induced TRAF3IP2 and suppressed RECK, effects that were inhibited by EMPA. Importantly, EMPA treatment ameliorated all of these deleterious effects, and inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HK-2 cell migration. Collectively, these findings indicate that hyperglycemia and associated AGE suppress RECK expression via oxidative stress/TRAF3IP2/NF-κB and p38 MAPK/miR-21 induction. Furthermore, these results suggest that interventions aimed at restoring RECK or inhibiting SGLT2 have the potential to treat kidney inflammatory response/fibrosis and nephropathy under chronic hyperglycemic conditions, such as DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Makoto Noda
- Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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21
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Chertow GM, Pergola PE, Chen F, Kirby BJ, Sundy JS, Patel UD. Effects of Selonsertib in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1980-1990. [PMID: 31506292 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018121231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activation in glomerular and tubular cells resulting from oxidative stress may drive kidney disease progression. Findings in animal models identified selonsertib, a selective ASK1 inhibitor, as a potential therapeutic agent. METHODS In a phase 2 trial evaluating selonsertib's safety and efficacy in adults with type 2 diabetes and treatment-refractory moderate-to-advanced diabetic kidney disease, we randomly assigned 333 adults in a 1:1:1:1 allocation to selonsertib (oral daily doses of 2, 6, or 18 mg) or placebo. Primary outcome was change from baseline eGFR at 48 weeks. RESULTS Selonsertib appeared safe, with no dose-dependent adverse effects over 48 weeks. Although mean eGFR for selonsertib and placebo groups did not differ significantly at 48 weeks, acute effects related to inhibition of creatinine secretion by selonsertib confounded eGFR differences at 48 weeks. Because of this unanticipated effect, we used piecewise linear regression, finding two dose-dependent effects: an acute and more pronounced eGFR decline from 0 to 4 weeks (creatinine secretion effect) and an attenuated eGFR decline between 4 and 48 weeks (therapeutic effect) with higher doses of selonsertib. A post hoc analysis (excluding data for 20 patients from two sites with Good Clinical Practice compliance-related issues) found that between 4 and 48 weeks, rate of eGFR decline was reduced 71% for the 18-mg group relative to placebo (difference 3.11±1.53 ml/min per 1.73 m2 annualized over 1 year; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-6.13; nominal P=0.043). Effects on urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio did not differ between selonsertib and placebo. CONCLUSIONS Although the trial did not meet its primary endpoint, exploratory post hoc analyses suggest that selonsertib may slow diabetic kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Chertow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
| | | | - Fang Chen
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Yang MJ, Fan XR, Xie H, Zhang L, Nie YS, Yan M. Celastrol attenuates renal injury in diabetic rats via MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1191-1198. [PMID: 30768745 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective effect of celastrol on diabetic rats. Furthermore, the mechanism of its action was discussed whether it was related to MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. There were a total of 36 rats. Six rats were randomly chosen as the control group. The remaining 30 rats were given 1% streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) and were randomly divided into five groups: the model control group, the low-dose celastrol group, the high-dose celastrol group, the Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides group, and the MAPK/NF-κB inhibitor group. After 4 weeks of continuous administration, 24-hr urine volume, urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine content were observed, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the kidney and liver were evaluated. p38MAPK was designated by immunohistochemical method, and NF-κB p65 in renal tissue was detected by western blotting. Our results showed that celastrol could not only reduce contents of creatinine and urea nitrogen in blood but also reduce excretion of urinary protein in diabetic rats, improve renal pathological injury, and down-regulate the expression of p38MAPK and NF-κB p65. In conclusion, celastrol could protect kidney of diabetic rats by regulating the signal pathway of MAPK/NF-κB, inhibiting inflammation and delaying renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Ju Yang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rong Fan
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Song Nie
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Hassanein EH, Shalkami AGS, Khalaf MM, Mohamed WR, Hemeida RA. The impact of Keap1/Nrf2, P38MAPK/NF-κB and Bax/Bcl2/caspase-3 signaling pathways in the protective effects of berberine against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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24
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Siligato R, Cernaro V, Nardi C, De Gregorio F, Gembillo G, Costantino G, Conti G, Buemi M, Santoro D. Emerging therapeutic strategies for minimal change disease and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:839-879. [PMID: 30360670 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1540587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimal change disease (MCD) and Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are two of the major causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children and adults. According to KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guidelines, the treatment of adult primary MCD and FSGS should be based on immunosuppressants and antiproteinuric drugs. Recently, Rituximab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) has emerged as a potential treatment for steroid or calcineurin inhibitor-dependent patients; it has however demonstrated lower efficacy in those with nephrotic syndrome that is resistant to the above indicated drugs. AREAS COVERED Analysis of ongoing and already completed clinical trials, retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrialsregister.eu and PubMed involving new therapies for nephrotic syndrome secondary to MCD and FSGS. EXPERT OPINION The most promising drugs under investigation for MCD and FSGS are mAbs. We are hopeful that new therapeutic options to treat multi-drug resistant MCD and FSGS will emerge from currently ongoing studies. What appears certain is the difficulty in enrolling patients affected by orphan renal diseases and the selection of valid endpoints in clinical trials, such as kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Siligato
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Chiara Nardi
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Francesca De Gregorio
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Guido Gembillo
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- b Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Michele Buemi
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- a Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine , Messina , Italy
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25
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Amos LA, Ma FY, Tesch GH, Liles JT, Breckenridge DG, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Han Y. ASK1 inhibitor treatment suppresses p38/JNK signalling with reduced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4522-4533. [PMID: 29998485 PMCID: PMC6111820 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) is prominent in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. p38 and JNK inhibitors suppress crescentic disease in animal models; however, the upstream mechanisms inducing activation of these kinases in crescentic glomerulonephritis are unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1/MAP3K5) promote p38/JNK activation and renal injury in models of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN); acute glomerular injury in SD rats, and crescentic disease in WKY rats. Treatment with the selective ASK1 inhibitor, GS‐444217 or vehicle began 1 hour before nephrotoxic serum injection and continued until animals were killed on day 1 (SD rats) or 14 (WKY rats). NTN resulted in phosphorylation (activation) of p38 and c‐Jun in both models which was substantially reduced by ASK1 inhibitor treatment. In SD rats, GS‐444217 prevented proteinuria and glomerular thrombosis with suppression of macrophage activation on day 1 NTN. In WKY rats, GS‐444217 reduced crescent formation, prevented renal impairment and reduced proteinuria on day 14 NTN. Macrophage activation, T‐cell infiltration and renal fibrosis were also reduced by GS‐444217. In conclusion, GS‐444217 treatment inhibited p38/JNK activation and development of renal injury in rat NTN. ASK1 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv A Amos
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Greg H Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Yingjie Han
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
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26
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Abstract
The association of variants in the APOL1 gene, which encodes apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), with progressive nondiabetic kidney diseases in African Americans has prompted intense investigation into the function(s) of APOL1. APOL1 is an innate immune effector that protects human beings from infection by some trypanosomal parasites. We review the data characterizing APOL1 trypanolytic function, which has been a basis for studies of APOL1 function in mammalian cells. Subsequently, we discuss the studies that use animal models, mammalian cell culture models, and kidney biopsy tissue to discover the mechanisms of variant APOL1-associated kidney diseases.
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27
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Ning Y, Shi Y, Chen J, Song N, Cai J, Fang Y, Yu X, Ji J, Ding X. Necrostatin-1 Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Through Suppression of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress and Retains Klotho Expression. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:384. [PMID: 29725301 PMCID: PMC5917042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, but the application in clinical is greatly limited by its nephrotoxicity. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an inhibitor of RIP1 kinase, has been reported to inhibit RIP-mediated necroptosis. The aim of this study is to detect the protective effects of Nec-1 on the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin and to investigate its renoprotection mechanism. Methods: 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, Nec-1, Cisplatin, and Cisplatin+Nec-1. Mice were treated with cisplatin with or without Nec-1 pre-treatment. Renal function, histological changes, necroptosis, and apoptotic markers were investigated. NFκB pathway related proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, renal Klotho, and autophagy-related proteins levels were also examined. Results: Renal function and histological data displayed that the treatment with Nec-1 significantly attenuates cisplatin-induced renal damage. The expression of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL were significantly enhanced in cisplatin group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) and was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of Nec-1 (p < 0.05). The level of stress and apoptosis-related protein, including p-JNK, p-c-Jun, p-p38, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 showed the similar trend. Pre-treatment with Nec-1 inhibit NFκB signaling, reduced proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, up-regulated renal Klotho, and autophagy-related proteins levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Nec-1 could be a potential therapeutic drug against the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through its anti-necroptosis, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory anti-oxidant and retain Klotho expression and activate autophagy effects in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Song
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
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28
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Li J, Bao L, Zha D, Zhang L, Gao P, Zhang J, Wu X. Oridonin protects against the inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the TLR4/p38-MAPK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 55:9-19. [PMID: 29207360 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Oridonin (Ori), a component isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and antitumor properties. However, the renoprotective effects of Ori and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been explored in DN. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of Ori in diabetes-induced renal injury in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that Ori significantly attenuated diabetes-induced renal injury and markedly decreased urinary protein excretion levels, serum creatinine concentrations and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in rats. Ori also significantly alleviated infiltration of inflammatory cells (cluster of differentiation (CD)68) in kidney tissues and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), both in vivo and in vitro. TLR4 is a principal mediator of innate immune and inflammatory responses and participates in the development of DN. Our molecular studies indicated that Ori administration significantly down-regulated TLR4 overexpression in DN. Additional studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Ori on the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways. The results showed that Ori inhibited IκBα, p65, and p38 phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB DNA-binding activity. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that Ori exerts protective effects in diabetes-induced renal injury in vivo and in vitro. These effects may be ascribed to its anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects on the TLR4/p38-MAPK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushuang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liping Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongqing Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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29
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Lee D, Kang KS, Lee HJ, Kim KH. Chemical Characterization of a Renoprotective Metabolite from Termite-Associated Streptomyces sp. RB1 against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010174. [PMID: 29316657 PMCID: PMC5796123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drug therapies can cause renal damage and apoptotic kidney cell damage. The development of reno- and kidney-protective molecules is therefore urgently required. To address this challenge, we explored secondary metabolites of termite-associated Streptomyces sp. RB1 isolated from the cuticle of the South African termite, Macrotermes natalensis for their renoprotective ability using bioassay-guided fractionation and LLC-PK1 cells. Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Streptomyces sp. RB1 resulted in the isolation and identification of a renoprotective metabolite, 1-O-(2-aminobenzoyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (ABR) (1) from the active fraction, which ameliorated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity to 80% of the control value at 25 μM. Upregulated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 following cisplatin treatment was markedly decreased after pre-treatment of cells with ABR. In addition, levels of cleaved caspase-3 and the percentage of apoptotic cells were also significantly reduced after pre-treatment with ABR. These findings provide experimental evidence that blocking the MAPK signaling cascade plays a critical role in mediating the renoprotective effect of ABR, which may inspire the development of novel therapeutic substances to prevent anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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30
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Nie X, Chanley MA, Pengal R, Thomas DB, Agrawal S, Smoyer WE. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of downstream targets of p38 MAPK in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F602-F613. [PMID: 29187369 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nie X, Chanley MA, Pengal R, Thomas DB, Agrawal S, Smoyer WE. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of downstream targets of p38 MAPK in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314: F602-F613, 2018. First published November 29, 2017; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2017 .-The p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in various glomerulopathies, with activation being associated with disease and inhibition being associated with disease amelioration. We hypothesized that the downstream targets of p38 MAPK, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 and/or 3 (MK2 and/or MK3), play an important role in mediating injury in experimental nephrotic syndrome via their actions on their downstream substrates heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). To test this hypothesis, the effects of both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of MK2 and MK3 were examined in mouse adriamycin (ADR) and rat puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy models. MK2-/-, MK3-/-, and MK2-/-MK3-/- mice were generated in the Sv129 background and subjected to ADR-induced nephropathy. MK2 and MK3 protein expression was completely abrogated in the respective knockout genotypes, and massive proteinuria and renal histopathological changes developed after ADR treatment. Furthermore, renal cortical HSPB1 was induced in all four genotypes by day 21, but HSPB1 was activated only in the wild-type and MK3-/- mice. Expression of the stress proteins HSPB8 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) remained unaltered across all genotypes. Finally, while MK2 and/or MK3-knockout downregulated the proinflammatory enzyme COX-2, ADR significantly induced renal cortical COX-2 only in MK2-/- mice. Additionally, pharmacological MK2 inhibition with PF-318 during PAN-induced nephropathy did not result in significant proteinuria reduction in rats. Together, these data suggest that while the inhibition of MK2 and/or MK3 regulates the renal stress response, our currently available approaches are not yet able to safely and effectively reduce proteinuria in experimental nephrotic syndrome and that other p38MAPK downstream targets should also be considered to improve the future treatment of glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Nie
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Melinda A Chanley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ruma Pengal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - David B Thomas
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - William E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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31
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Yeda X, Shaoqing L, Yayi H, Bo Z, Huaxin W, Hong C, Zhongyuan X. Dexmedetomidine protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting the P38-MAPK/TXNIP signaling activation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:429-439. [PMID: 28700004 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170060000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) could attenuate acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Four groups each containing six rats were created (sham control(S), diabetes-sham (DS), diabetes I/R (DI/R), and diabetes-I/R-dexmedetomidine (DI/R-DEX). In diabetes groups, single-dose (65 mg/kg) STZ was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). In Group DI/R, ischemia reperfusion was produced via 25 min of bilateral renal pedicle clamping followed by 48 h of reperfusion. In Group DI/R-DEX, 50 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before ischemia. Renal function, histology, apoptosis, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and oxidative stress in diabetic kidney were determined. Moreover, expression of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38-MAPK), phosphorylated-P38-MAPK(p-P38-MAPK) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) were assessed. Results: The degree of renal I/R injury was significantly increased in DI/R group compared with S group and DS group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, oxidative stress and apoptosis were found significantly higher in DI/R Group when compared with S Group and DS Group. The protein expression of p-P38-MAPK and TXNIP were significantly increased after I/R. All these changes were reversed by DEX treatment. Conclusion: The renoprotective effects of DEX-pretreatment which attenuates I/R-induced AKI were partly through inhibition of P38-MAPK activation and expression of TXINP in diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yeda
- Master, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Lei Shaoqing
- PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition of data, critical revision
| | - Huang Yayi
- PhD, Master, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition of data
| | - Zhao Bo
- Bachelor, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan the Third Hospital, China. Acquisition of data
| | - Wang Huaxin
- Bachelor, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan the Third Hospital, China. Acquisition of data
| | - Cao Hong
- Full Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Design and supervised all phases of the study, critical revision
| | - Xia Zhongyuan
- Full Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Design and supervised all phases of the study, critical revision
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32
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Burmeister DM, Gómez BI, Dubick MA. Molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced acute kidney injury: Inflammatory and metabolic insights from animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2661-2671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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FGF23 activates injury-primed renal fibroblasts via FGFR4-dependent signalling and enhancement of TGF-β autoinduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:63-78. [PMID: 28919046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone-derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an important endocrine regulator of mineral homeostasis with effects transduced by cognate FGF receptor (FGFR)1-α-Klotho complexes. Circulating FGF23 levels rise precipitously in patients with kidney disease and portend worse renal and cardiovascular outcomes. De novo expression of FGF23 has been found in the heart and kidney following injury but its significance remains unclear. Studies showing that exposure to chronically high FGF23 concentrations activates hypertrophic gene programs in the cardiomyocyte has spawned intense interest in other pathological off-target effects of FGF23 excess. In the kidney, observational evidence points to a concordance of ectopic renal FGF23 expression and the activation of local transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling. Although we have previously shown that FGF23 activates injury-primed renal fibroblasts in vitro, our understanding of the mechanism underpinning these effects was incomplete. Here we show that in the absence of α-Klotho, FGF23 augments pro-fibrotic signalling cascades in injury-primed renal fibroblasts via activation of FGFR4 and upregulation of the calcium transporter, transient receptor potential cation channel 6. The resultant rise in intracellular calcium and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induced expression of NFAT responsive-genes and enhanced TGF-β1 autoinduction through non-canonical JNK-dependent pathways. Reconstitution with transmembrane α-Klotho, or its soluble ectodomain, restored classical Egr signalling and antagonised FGF23-driven myofibroblast differentiation. Thus, renal FGF23 may amplify local myofibroblast activation in injury and perpetuate pro-fibrotic signalling. These findings strengthen the rationale for exploring therapeutic inhibition of FGFR4 or restoration of α-Klotho as upstream regulators of off-target FGF23 effects.
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34
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Cavdar Z, Ural C, Celik A, Arslan S, Terzioglu G, Ozbal S, Yildiz S, Ergur UB, Guneli E, Camsari T, Akdogan G. Protective effects of taurine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by inhibition of gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:524-535. [PMID: 28895768 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1367033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). The production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes tissue damage. Increased ROS production causes activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which participates in gene regulation of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases). Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) in mammalian cells functions in bile acid conjugation, maintenance of calcium homeostasis, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and antioxidation, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic action. We investigated the effects of taurine and the possible role of p38 MAPK signaling on regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a renal I/R injury model in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: sham, I/R, and I/R + taurine treated. After a right nephrectomy, I/R was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 1 h followed by 6 h reperfusion. Taurine was administered 45 min prior to induction of ischemia. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Tubule injury and structural changes were evaluated by light microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels were measured using a colorimetric kit. mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were measured using a fluorimetric kit. Phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) and total p38 MAPK protein expressions were evaluated by western blot. Taurine pretreatment significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and histologic damage, such as renal tubule dilation and loss of brush borders. The pretreatment also decreased the MDA level and attenuated the reduction of SOD activity in the kidney during I/R. Taurine pretreatment also decreased significantly both MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and MMP-9 activity induced by I/R. In addition, the activity of p38 MAPK signaling was down-regulated significantly by taurine administration. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and MMP-9 activity caused by taurine may be associated with suppression of p38 MAPK activation during I/R induced renal injury in rats. Therefore, taurine administration may prove to be a strategy for attenuating renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cavdar
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - C Ural
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - A Celik
- b Department of Laboratory Animal Science , Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - S Arslan
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Pamukkale University , Denizli
| | - G Terzioglu
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Pamukkale University , Denizli
| | - S Ozbal
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - S Yildiz
- e Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - U B Ergur
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - E Guneli
- b Department of Laboratory Animal Science , Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - T Camsari
- e Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir
| | - G Akdogan
- f School of Medicine , Izmir University of Economics , Izmir , Turkey
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Wiśniewska A, Olszanecki R, Totoń-Żurańska J, Kuś K, Stachowicz A, Suski M, Gębska A, Gajda M, Jawień J, Korbut R. Anti-Atherosclerotic Action of Agmatine in ApoE-Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081706. [PMID: 28777310 PMCID: PMC5578096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which dysfunction of mitochondria play an important role, and disorders of lipid management intensify this process. Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine formed by decarboxylation of arginine, exerts a protective effect on mitochondria and modulates fatty acid metabolism. We investigated the effect of exogenous agmatine on the development of atherosclerosis and changes in lipid profile in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice. Agmatine caused an approximate 40% decrease of atherosclerotic lesions, as estimated by en face and cross-section methods with an influence on macrophage but not on smooth muscle content in the plaques. Agmatine treatment did not changed gelatinase activity within the plaque area. What is more, the action of agmatine was associated with an increase in the number of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in blood. Real-Time PCR analysis showed that agmatine modulates liver mRNA levels of many factors involved in oxidation of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry identified 27 differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins upon agmatine treatment in the liver of apoE-/- mice, mostly proteins related to metabolism and apoptosis. In conclusion, prolonged administration of agmatine inhibits atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice; however, the exact mechanisms linking observed changes and elevations of HDL plasma require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiśniewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Suski
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Gębska
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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36
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Diabetic nephropathy - is this an immune disorder? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2183-2199. [PMID: 28760771 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetes is associated with metabolic and haemodynamic stresses which can facilitate modifications to DNA, proteins and lipids, induce cellular dysfunction and damage, and stimulate inflammatory and fibrotic responses which lead to various types of renal injury. Approximately 30-40% of patients with diabetes develop nephropathy and this renal injury normally progresses in about a third of patients. Due to the growing incidence of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy is now the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Accumulating evidence from experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated that renal inflammation plays a critical role in determining whether renal injury progresses during diabetes. However, the immune response associated with diabetic nephropathy is considerably different to that seen in autoimmune kidney diseases or in acute kidney injury arising from episodes of ischaemia or infection. This review evaluates the role of the immune system in the development of diabetic nephropathy, including the specific contributions of leucocyte subsets (macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes), danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), inflammasomes, immunoglobulin and complement. It also examines factors which may influence the development of the immune response, including genetic factors and exposure to other kidney insults. In addition, this review discusses therapies which are currently under development for targeting the immune system in diabetic nephropathy and indicates those which have proceeded into clinical trials.
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Bettaieb A, Koike S, Chahed S, Zhao Y, Bachaalany S, Hashoush N, Graham J, Huma F, Havel PJ, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Hammock BD, Haj FG. Podocyte-specific soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency in mice attenuates acute kidney injury. FEBS J 2017; 284:1970-1986. [PMID: 28485854 PMCID: PMC5515292 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes play an important role in maintaining glomerular function, and podocyte injury is a significant component in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition have beneficial effects on renal function, but its role in podocytes remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of sEH in podocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney injury. We report increased sEH transcript and protein expression in murine podocytes upon LPS challenge. To determine the function of sEH in podocytes in vivo we generated podocyte-specific sEH-deficient (pod-sEHKO) mice. Following LPS challenge, podocyte sEH-deficient mice exhibited lower kidney injury, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations than controls suggestive of preserved renal function. Also, renal mRNA and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα were significantly lower in LPS-treated pod-sEHKO than control mice. Moreover, podocyte sEH deficiency was associated with decreased LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, the protective effects of podocyte sEH deficiency in vivo were recapitulated in E11 murine podocytes treated with a selective sEH pharmacological inhibitor. Altogether, these findings identify sEH in podocytes as a contributor to signaling events in acute renal injury and suggest that sEH inhibition may be of therapeutic value in proteinuria. ENZYMES Soluble epoxide hydrolase: EC 3.3.2.10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Shinichiro Koike
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Santana Bachaalany
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Nader Hashoush
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - James Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Fatima Huma
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, NC 27709
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, NC 27709
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Fawaz G. Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Kho MC, Park JH, Han BH, Tan R, Yoon JJ, Kim HY, Ahn YM, Lee YJ, Kang DG, Lee HS. Plantago asiatica L. Ameliorates Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040386. [PMID: 28420111 PMCID: PMC5409725 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disease with a variety of causes, is mainly characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and ascites. This study was designed to evaluate the underlying mechanism of action of Plantago asiatica L. (PAL) in treating nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Methods: PAL has been used in Asia as a traditional medicine and dietary health supplement. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intravenously injected with puromycin aminonucleoside (75 mg/kg/day), then treated with either Losartan (30 mg/kg/day) or PAL (200 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for seven days. Results: PAL significantly decreased ascites, proteinuria level, and plasma lipid parameters. In addition, treatment with PAL attenuated histological damage and hypoalbuminemia. Treatment with PAL also restored podocin expression and reduced inflammation markers such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Lower expression levels of the apoptosis markers Bax, caspase-3 and capase-9 were documented in SD rats receiving PAL. PAL also significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPKs such as ERK, JNK and p38. Conclusion: As a multifunctional agent, PAL has a renoprotective effect in nephrotic syndrome rat models. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, along with reductions in hyperlipidemia and ascites, represent important therapeutic effects. These results indicate that Plantago asiatica is likely to be a promising agent in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Kho
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Byung Hyuk Han
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Rui Tan
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - You Mee Ahn
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
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39
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Peroxiredoxin 6 overexpression attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51096-51107. [PMID: 28881633 PMCID: PMC5584234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a member of the PRDX family of antioxidant enzymes and correlated with inflammatory response. Therefore, we investigated the role of PRDX6 during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury. Both 3 months aged PRDX6-overexpressing transgenic mice (PRDX6 mice) and wild type (WT) mice had acute renal injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg)., PRDX6 mice showed decreased mortality and renal injury following LPS challenge compared to WT mice. Furthermore, infiltration of macrophages, T-cells and neutrophils, and the number of apoptotic cells were more decreased by LPS treatment in PRDX6 mice than in WT mice. Because LPS induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which induces inflammation through c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK activation, we investigated ROS concentration and MAPK signaling pathway in the kidney of PRDX6 mice. As expected, LPS-induced oxidative stress was attenuated, and p38 MAPK and JNK activation was decreased in the kidney of PRDX6 mice. Inhibitory effect of PRDX6 on LPS-induced apoptosis and MAPK activation in the primary renal proximal tubular cells were overcome by treatment with PRDX6 inhibitor or hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that PRDX6 overexpression inactivates p38 MAPK and JNK pathway through decrease LPS-induced ROS concentration in the kidney, resulting in inhibition of renal apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration and led to attenuation of LPS-induced acute kidney injury.
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40
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 deficiency in podocytes attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced proteinuria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:461. [PMID: 28352079 PMCID: PMC5428720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that play a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and preventing urinary protein leakage. We investigated the contribution of protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal injury. We report increased Shp2 expression in murine kidneys and cultured podocytes following an LPS challenge. To determine the role of podocyte Shp2 in vivo, we generated podocyte-specific Shp2 knockout (pod-Shp2 KO) mice. Following administration of LPS, pod-Shp2 KO mice exhibited lower proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen concentrations than controls indicative of preserved filter integrity. In addition, renal mRNA and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ and IL-12 p70 were significantly decreased in LPS-treated knockout mice compared with controls. Moreover, the protective effects of podocyte Shp2 deficiency were associated with decreased LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation, nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects were recapitulated in differentiated E11 murine podocytes with lentiviral-mediated Shp2 knockdown. Furthermore, Shp2 deficient podocytes displayed reduced LPS-induced migration in a wound healing assay. These findings identify Shp2 in podocytes as a significant contributor to the signaling events following LPS challenge and suggest that inhibition of Shp2 in podocytes may present a potential therapeutic target for podocytopathies.
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Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 attenuates brain death-induced renal injury by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and the SAPK and JAK-STAT signalings. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45192. [PMID: 28332628 PMCID: PMC5362910 DOI: 10.1038/srep45192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EGb761, a Ginkgo Biloba extract, against brain death-induced kidney injury. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, brain-death (BD), BD + EGb b48h (48 hours before BD), BD + EGb 2 h (2 hours after BD), BD + EGb 1 h, and BD + EGb 0.5 h. Six hours after BD, serum sample and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine significantly elevated in the BD group than in sham group. In all the EGb761-treated BD animals except for the BD + Gb 2 h group, the levels of BUN and serum creatinine significantly reduced (all P < 0.01). EGb761 attenuated tubular injury and lowered the histological score. In addition, the longer duration of drug treatment was, the better protective efficacy could be observed. EGb761 significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10 mRNA expression and macrophage infiltration in the kidney. EGb761 treatment at 48 hour before brain death significantly attenuate the levels of p-JNK-MAPK, p-p38-MAPK, and p-STAT3 proteins (all P < 0.05, compared to BD group). In summary, our data showed that EGb761 treatment protected donor kidney from BD-induced damages by blocking SAPK and JAK-STAT signalings. Early administration of EGb761 can provide better protective efficacy.
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42
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Coelho I, Pequito DC, Borghetti G, Aikawa J, Yamaguchi AA, de Brito GA, Yamazaki RK, Scorsato AP, Fernandes LC, Coimbra TM, Fernandez R. Chronic fish oil supplementation partially reverses renal alterations in mice fed with a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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43
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Bhattacharjee N, Barma S, Konwar N, Dewanjee S, Manna P. Mechanistic insight of diabetic nephropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:8-24. [PMID: 27568833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic complication of diabetes, is charecterized by glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis resulting in the loss of renal function. Although the exact cause of DN remains unclear, several mechanisms have been postulated, such as hyperglycemia-induced renal hyper filtration and renal injury, AGEs-induced increased oxidative stress, activated PKC-induced increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and different inflammatory and apoptotic signals. Among various factors, oxidative stress has been suggested to play a major role underlying the onset and propagation of DN. It triggers several signaling pathways involved in DN, like AGEs, PKC cascade, JAK/STAT signaling, MAPK, mTOR, and SMAD. Oxidative stress-induced activation of both inflammatory and apoptotic signals are two major problems in the pathogenesis of DN. The FDA approved pharmacotherapeutic agents affecting against polyol pathway principally include anti-oxidants, like α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Kremezin and benfotiamine are the FDA approved AGEs inhibitors, another therapeutic target against DN. Ruboxistaurin, telmizartan, rapamycin, fenofibrate, aliskiren, and manidipine are some FDA approved pharmacotherapeutics effective against DN via diverse mechanisms. Beside this, some therapeutic agents are still waiting for FDA approval and few drugs without FDA approval are also prescribed in some countries for the management of DN. Despite the medications available in the market to treat DN, the involvement of multiple mechanisms makes it difficult to choose an optimum therapeutic agent. Therefore, much research is required to find out new therapeutic agent/strategies for an adequate pharmacotherapy of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujata Barma
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nandita Konwar
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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Tesch GH, Ma FY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. ASK1: a new therapeutic target for kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F373-81. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling is a feature of both acute and chronic kidney disease and is associated with disease progression. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK or JNK activation provide protection against inflammation and fibrosis in animal models of kidney disease; however, clinical trials of p38 MAPK and JNK inhibitors in other diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis) have been disappointing. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) acts as an upstream regulator for the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK in kidney disease. Mice lacking the Ask1 gene are healthy with normal homeostatic functions and are protected from acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and from renal interstitial fibrosis induced by ureteric obstruction. Recent studies have shown that a selective ASK1 inhibitor substantially reduced renal p38 MAPK activation and halted the progression of nephropathy in diabetic mice, and this has led to a current clinical trial of an ASK1 inhibitor in patients with stage 3 or 4 diabetic kidney disease. This review explores the rationale for targeting ASK1 in kidney disease and the therapeutic potential of ASK1 inhibitors based on current experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg H. Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Y. Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Jung ES, Lee J, Heo NJ, Kim S, Kim DK, Joo KW, Han JS. Low-dose paclitaxel ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing transforming growth factor-β1-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 signaling. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 21:574-82. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Nam Ju Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Suk Han
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Lin SH, Chiou SJ, Ho WT, Chuang CT, Chuang LY, Guh JY. Arecoline-induced pro-fibrotic proteins in LLC-PK1 cells are dependent on c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Toxicology 2016; 344-346:53-60. [PMID: 26908192 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) chewing is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms of AN-induced CKD are not known. Thus, we studied the effects of arecoline, a major alkaloid of AN, on proximal tubule (LLC-PK1) cells in terms of cytotoxicity, fibrosis, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We found that arecoline dose (0.1-0.5mM) and time (24-72h)-dependently induced cytotoxicity without causing cell death. Arecoline (0.25 mM) also time-dependently (24-72h) increased fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) protein expressions. Arecoline (0.25 mM) time-dependently (24-72h) increased TGF-β gene transcriptional activity and supernatant levels of active TGF-β1. Moreover, arecoline (0.25 mM) activated JNK while SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) attenuated arecoline-induced TGF-β gene transcriptional activity. SP600125, but not SB431542 (a TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor), attenuated arecoline-induced fibronectin and PAI1 protein expressions. Finally, tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurred and renal cortical expressions of fibronectin and PAI1 proteins increased in arecoline-fed mice at 24 weeks. We concluded that arecoline induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice while arecoline-induced TGF-β and pro-fibrotic proteins (fibronectin, PAI1) are dependent on JNK in LLC-PK1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jinn-Yuh Guh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Olabisi OA, Zhang JY, VerPlank L, Zahler N, DiBartolo S, Heneghan JF, Schlöndorff JS, Suh JH, Yan P, Alper SL, Friedman DJ, Pollak MR. APOL1 kidney disease risk variants cause cytotoxicity by depleting cellular potassium and inducing stress-activated protein kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:830-7. [PMID: 26699492 PMCID: PMC4743809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522913113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two specific genetic variants of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene are responsible for the high rate of kidney disease in people of recent African ancestry. Expression in cultured cells of these APOL1 risk variants, commonly referred to as G1 and G2, results in significant cytotoxicity. The underlying mechanism of this cytotoxicity is poorly understood. We hypothesized that this cytotoxicity is mediated by APOL1 risk variant-induced dysregulation of intracellular signaling relevant for cell survival. To test this hypothesis, we conditionally expressed WT human APOL1 (G0), the APOL1 G1 variant, or the APOL1 G2 variant in human embryonic kidney cells (T-REx-293) using a tetracycline-mediated (Tet-On) system. We found that expression of either G1 or G2 APOL1 variants increased apparent cell swelling and cell death compared with G0-expressing cells. These manifestations of cytotoxicity were preceded by G1 or G2 APOL1-induced net efflux of intracellular potassium as measured by X-ray fluorescence, resulting in the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), p38 MAPK, and JNK. Prevention of net K(+) efflux inhibited activation of these SAPKs by APOL1 G1 or G2. Furthermore, inhibition of SAPK signaling and inhibition of net K(+) efflux abrogated cytotoxicity associated with expression of APOL1 risk variants. These findings in cell culture raise the possibility that nephrotoxicity of APOL1 risk variants may be mediated by APOL1 risk variant-induced net loss of intracellular K(+) and subsequent induction of stress-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi A Olabisi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jia-Yue Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | | | - Salvatore DiBartolo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - John F Heneghan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Johannes S Schlöndorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jung Hee Suh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Paul Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - David J Friedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Martin R Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215;
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Zhao YN, Wang HY, Li JM, Chen BY, Xia G, Zhang PP, Ge YL. Hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase activation is associated with intermittent hypoxia in a rat model of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:137-45. [PMID: 26549199 PMCID: PMC4686116 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), characterized by intermittent hypoxia/re-oxygenation, may impair the cerebral system. Although mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was observed to have a key role in hypoxia-induced brain injury, the intracellular events and their underlying mechanisms for intermittent hypoxia/re-oxygenation-associated damage to hippocamal MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, P38MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) remain to be elucidated and require further investigation. A total of five rats in each sub-group were exposed to intermittent hypoxia or continued hypoxia for 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. Histological, immunohistochemical and biological analyses were performed to assess nerve cell injury in the hippocampus. Surviving CA1 pyramidal cells were identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, P38MAPK and JNK were detected by western blotting. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in neural cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured by thiobarbituric acid and xanthine oxidation methods, respectively. Under continued hypoxia, the levels of phospho-ERK1/2 peaked at the fourth week and then declined, whereas phospho-P38MAPK and JNK were detected only in the late stages. By contrast, under intermittent hypoxia, ERK1/2, P38MAPK and JNK were activated at all time-points assessed (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). The levels of phospho-ERK1/2, P38MAPK and JNK were all higher in the intermittent hypoxia groups than those in the corresponding continued hypoxia groups. Bcl-2 was mainly increased and reached the highest level at six weeks in the continued hypoxia group. Of note, Bcl-2 rapidly increased to the peak level at four weeks, followed by a decrease to the lowest level at the eighth week in the intermittent hypoxia group. Bax was generally increased at the late stages under continued hypoxia, but increased at all time-points under the intermittent hypoxia conditions. The two types of hypoxia induced an increase in the MDA content, but a decrease in SOD activity. Marked changes in these two parameters coupled with markedly reduced surviving cells in the hippocampus in a time-dependent manner were observed in the intermittent hypoxia group in comparison with the continued hypoxia group. OSAS-induced intermittent hypoxia markedly activated the MAPK signaling pathways, which were triggered by oxidative stress, leading to abnormal expression of downstream Bcl-2 and Bax, and a severe loss of neural cells in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ning Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Guo Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Lei Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Roux-en-Y Esophagojejunostomy Ameliorates Renal Function Through Reduction of Renal Inflammatory and Fibrotic Markers in Diabetic Nephropathy. Obes Surg 2015; 26:1402-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Nutter FH, Haylor JL, Khwaja A. Inhibiting ERK Activation with CI-1040 Leads to Compensatory Upregulation of Alternate MAPKs and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 following Subtotal Nephrectomy with No Impact on Kidney Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137321. [PMID: 26415098 PMCID: PMC4586140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) activation by MEK plays a key role in many of the cellular processes that underlie progressive kidney fibrosis including cell proliferation, apoptosis and transforming growth factor β1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We therefore assessed the therapeutic impact of ERK1/2 inhibition using a MEK inhibitor in the rat 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) model of kidney fibrosis. There was a twentyfold upregulation in phospho-ERK1/2 expression in the kidney after SNx in Male Wistar rats. Rats undergoing SNx became hypertensive, proteinuric and developed progressive kidney failure with reduced creatinine clearance. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor, CI-1040 abolished phospho- ERK1/2 expression in kidney tissue and prevented phospho-ERK1/2 expression in peripheral lymphocytes during the entire course of therapy. CI-1040 had no impact on creatinine clearance, proteinuria, glomerular and tubular fibrosis, and α-smooth muscle actin expression. However, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation led to significant compensatory upregulation of the MAP kinases, p38 and JNK in kidney tissue. CI-1040 also increased the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a key inhibitor of plasmin-dependent matrix metalloproteinases. Thus inhibition of ERK1/2 activation has no therapeutic effect on kidney fibrosis in SNx possibly due to increased compensatory activation of the p38 and JNK signalling pathways with subsequent upregulation of PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Hannah Nutter
- Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
- * E-mail:
| | - John L. Haylor
- Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Arif Khwaja
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, England
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