25
|
Falcone GJ, Radmanesh F, Brouwers HB, Battey TWK, Devan WJ, Valant V, Raffeld MR, Chitsike LP, Ayres AM, Schwab K, Goldstein JN, Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM, Selim M, Meschia JF, Brown DL, Worrall BB, Silliman SL, Tirschwell DL, Flaherty ML, Martini SR, Deka R, Biffi A, Kraft P, Woo D, Rosand J, Anderson CD. APOE ε variants increase risk of warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2014; 83:1139-46. [PMID: 25150286 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effect of APOE ε variants on warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage (wICH), evaluated their predictive power, and tested for interaction with warfarin in causing wICH. METHODS This was a prospective, 2-stage (discovery and replication), case-control study. wICH was classified as lobar or nonlobar based on the location of the hematoma. Controls were sampled from ambulatory clinics (discovery) and random digit dialing (replication). APOE ε variants were directly genotyped. A case-control design and logistic regression analysis were utilized to test for association between APOE ε and wICH. A case-only design and logistic regression analysis were utilized to test for interaction between APOE ε and warfarin. Receiver operating characteristic curves were implemented to evaluate predictive power. RESULTS The discovery stage included 319 wICHs (44% lobar) and 355 controls. APOE ε2 was associated with lobar (odds ratio [OR] 2.46; p < 0.001) and nonlobar wICH (OR 1.67; p = 0.04), whereas ε4 was associated with lobar (OR 2.09; p < 0.001) but not nonlobar wICH (p = 0.35). The replication stage (63 wICHs and 1,030 controls) confirmed the association with ε2 (p = 0.03) and ε4 (p = 0.003) for lobar but not for nonlobar wICH (p > 0.20). Genotyping information on APOE ε variants significantly improved case/control discrimination of lobar wICH (C statistic 0.80). No statistical interaction between warfarin and APOE was found (p > 0.20). CONCLUSIONS APOE ε variants constitute strong risk factors for lobar wICH. APOE exerts its effect independently of warfarin, although power limitations render this absence of interaction preliminary. Evaluation of the predictive ability of APOE in cohort studies is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido J Falcone
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Farid Radmanesh
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - H Bart Brouwers
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Thomas W K Battey
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - William J Devan
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Valerie Valant
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Miriam R Raffeld
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Lennox P Chitsike
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Alison M Ayres
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Kristin Schwab
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Joshua N Goldstein
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Magdy Selim
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - James F Meschia
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Devin L Brown
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Scott L Silliman
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - David L Tirschwell
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Matthew L Flaherty
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Sharyl R Martini
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Ranjan Deka
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Peter Kraft
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Daniel Woo
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., L.P.C., A.M.A., K.S., A.V., S.M.G., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., V.V., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (G.J.F., F.R., H.B.B., T.W.K.B., W.J.D., M.R.R., A.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Epidemiology (G.J.F., P.K.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (J.F.M.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Stroke Program (D.L.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (S.L.S.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville; Stroke Center (D.L.T.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (M.L.F., S.R.M., R.D., D.W.), OH.
| | | |
Collapse
|