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Meckler JF, Levis DJ, Kong Y, O’Donnell RT, Vang DP, Tuscano JM. Fermented Wheat Germ Protein with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR42 Demonstrates Enhanced Cytotoxicity against Lymphoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7866. [PMID: 39063110 PMCID: PMC11277024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for lymphoma are plagued by substantial toxicity and the inability to overcome drug resistance, leading to eventual relapse and rationalizing the development of novel, less toxic therapeutics and drug combinations. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are a broad class of epigenetic modulators that have been studied in multiple tumor types, including lymphoma. Currently, HDACis are FDA-approved for treating relapsed T-cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma, with ongoing trials in other lymphomas and solid tumors. As single agents, HDACis frequently elicit toxic side effects and have limited efficacy; therefore, many current treatment strategies focus on combinations to boost efficacy while attempting to minimize toxicity. Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is a complementary agent that has shown efficacy in several malignancies, including lymphoma. Here, we utilize a more potent FWGE derivative, known as fermented wheat germ protein (FWGP), in combination with the HDACi AR42, to assess for enhanced activity. We report increased in vitro killing, cell cycle arrest, and in vivo efficacy for this combination compared to each agent alone with minimal toxicity, suggesting a potentially new, minimally toxic treatment modality for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F. Meckler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (J.F.M.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Daniel J. Levis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (J.F.M.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Yanguo Kong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (J.F.M.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Robert T. O’Donnell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (J.F.M.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Daniel P. Vang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (J.F.M.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Joseph M. Tuscano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (J.F.M.); (D.J.L.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Healthcare System, Sacramento, CA 95652, USA
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2
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Lumpp T, Stößer S, Fischer F, Hartwig A, Köberle B. Role of Epigenetics for the Efficacy of Cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1130. [PMID: 38256203 PMCID: PMC10816946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical utility of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin is restricted by cancer drug resistance, which is either intrinsic to the tumor or acquired during therapy. Epigenetics is increasingly recognized as a factor contributing to cisplatin resistance and hence influences drug efficacy and clinical outcomes. In particular, epigenetics regulates gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Common types of epigenetic modifications linked to chemoresistance are DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. This review provides an overview of the current findings of various epigenetic modifications related to cisplatin efficacy in cell lines in vitro and in clinical tumor samples. Furthermore, it discusses whether epigenetic alterations might be used as predictors of the platinum agent response in order to prevent avoidable side effects in patients with resistant malignancies. In addition, epigenetic targeting therapies are described as a possible strategy to render cancer cells more susceptible to platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beate Köberle
- Department Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.L.); (S.S.); (F.F.); (A.H.)
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3
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Sinatra L, Vogelmann A, Friedrich F, Tararina MA, Neuwirt E, Colcerasa A, König P, Toy L, Yesiloglu TZ, Hilscher S, Gaitzsch L, Papenkordt N, Zhai S, Zhang L, Romier C, Einsle O, Sippl W, Schutkowski M, Gross O, Bendas G, Christianson DW, Hansen FK, Jung M, Schiedel M. Development of First-in-Class Dual Sirt2/HDAC6 Inhibitors as Molecular Tools for Dual Inhibition of Tubulin Deacetylation. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14787-14814. [PMID: 37902787 PMCID: PMC10641818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of both tubulin deacetylases sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) and the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been associated with the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegeneration, thus making these two enzymes promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological characterization of the first-in-class dual Sirt2/HDAC6 inhibitors as molecular tools for dual inhibition of tubulin deacetylation. Using biochemical in vitro assays and cell-based methods for target engagement, we identified Mz325 (33) as a potent and selective inhibitor of both target enzymes. Inhibition of both targets was further confirmed by X-ray crystal structures of Sirt2 and HDAC6 in complex with building blocks of 33. In ovarian cancer cells, 33 evoked enhanced effects on cell viability compared to single or combination treatment with the unconjugated Sirt2 and HDAC6 inhibitors. Thus, our dual Sirt2/HDAC6 inhibitors are important new tools to study the consequences and the therapeutic potential of dual inhibition of tubulin deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sinatra
- Institute
for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig
University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Vogelmann
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Friedrich
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Margarita A. Tararina
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Emilia Neuwirt
- Institute
of Neuropathology, Medical Center−University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS−Centre
for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arianna Colcerasa
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp König
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lara Toy
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Talha Z. Yesiloglu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 2-4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Hilscher
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 2-4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department
of Enzymology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Institute of Biochemistry
and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Gaitzsch
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Papenkordt
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shiyang Zhai
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute
of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Romier
- Institut
de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
(IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg,
CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm UMR-S 1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute
of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 2-4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department
of Enzymology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Institute of Biochemistry
and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Olaf Gross
- Institute
of Neuropathology, Medical Center−University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS−Centre
for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center
for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Institute
for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig
University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Lumpkin CJ, Harris AW, Connell AJ, Kirk RW, Whiting JA, Saieva L, Pellizzoni L, Burghes AHM, Butchbach MER. Evaluation of the orally bioavailable 4-phenylbutyrate-tethered trichostatin A analogue AR42 in models of spinal muscular atrophy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10374. [PMID: 37365234 PMCID: PMC10293174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading genetic cause for infant death in the world and results from the selective loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. SMA is a consequence of low levels of SMN protein and small molecules that can increase SMN expression are of considerable interest as potential therapeutics. Previous studies have shown that both 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) and trichostatin A (TSA) increase SMN expression in dermal fibroblasts derived from SMA patients. AR42 is a 4PBA-tethered TSA derivative that is a very potent histone deacetylase inhibitor. SMA patient fibroblasts were treated with either AR42, AR19 (a related analogue), 4PBA, TSA or vehicle for 5 days and then immunostained for SMN localization. AR42 as well as 4PBA and TSA increased the number of SMN-positive nuclear gems in a dose-dependent manner while AR19 did not show marked changes in gem numbers. While gem number was increased in AR42-treated SMA fibroblasts, there were no significant changes in FL-SMN mRNA or SMN protein. The neuroprotective effect of this compound was then assessed in SMNΔ7 SMA (SMN2+/+;SMNΔ7+/+;mSmn-/-) mice. Oral administration of AR42 prior to disease onset increased the average lifespan of SMNΔ7 SMA mice by ~ 27% (20.1 ± 1.6 days for AR42-treated mice vs. 15.8 ± 0.4 days for vehicle-treated mice). AR42 treatment also improved motor function in these mice. AR42 treatment inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in treated spinal cord although it did not affect SMN protein expression in these mice. AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation were both significantly increased in SMNΔ7 SMA mouse spinal cords. In conclusion, presymptomatic administration of the HDAC inhibitor AR42 ameliorates the disease phenotype in SMNΔ7 SMA mice in a SMN-independent manner possibly by increasing AKT neuroprotective signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Lumpkin
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, 4462 E400 DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ashlee W Harris
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, 4462 E400 DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, 4462 E400 DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Ryan W Kirk
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, 4462 E400 DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Joshua A Whiting
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, 4462 E400 DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Luciano Saieva
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur H M Burghes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew E R Butchbach
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, 4462 E400 DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR. Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119504. [PMID: 33872660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in tumor initiation and progression is well documented. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), and DNA methyl transferases. (DNMTs) are the main proteins that are involved in regulating the chromatin conformation. Among these, histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylate the histone and induce gene repression thereby leading to cancer. In contrast, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that include GCN5, p300/CBP, PCAF, Tip 60 acetylate the histones. HDAC inhibitors are potent drug molecules that can induce acetylation of histones at lysine residues and induce open chromatin conformation at tumor suppressor gene loci and thus resulting in tumor suppression. The key processes regulated by HDAC inhibitors include cell-cycle arrest, chemo-sensitization, apoptosis induction, upregulation of tumor suppressors. Even though FDA approved drugs are confined mainly to haematological malignancies, the research on HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are providing positive results. Thus, several combinations of HDAC inhibitors along with DNA methyl transferase inhibitors and histone methyl transferase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This review focuses on how HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of coding and non-coding genes with specific emphasis on their anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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6
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Collier KA, Valencia H, Newton H, Hade EM, Sborov DW, Cavaliere R, Poi M, Phelps MA, Liva SG, Coss CC, Wang J, Khountham S, Monk P, Shapiro CL, Piekarz R, Hofmeister CC, Welling DB, Mortazavi A. A phase 1 trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2-associated tumors and advanced solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:599-611. [PMID: 33492438 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given clinical activity of AR-42, an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, in hematologic malignancies and preclinical activity in solid tumors, this phase 1 trial investigated the safety and tolerability of AR-42 in patients with advanced solid tumors, including neurofibromatosis type 2-associated meningiomas and schwannomas (NF2). The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary objectives included determining pharmacokinetics and clinical activity. METHODS This phase I trial was an open-label, single-center, dose-escalation study of single-agent AR-42 in primary central nervous system and advanced solid tumors. The study followed a 3 + 3 design with an expansion cohort at the MTD. RESULTS Seventeen patients were enrolled with NF2 (n = 5), urothelial carcinoma (n = 3), breast cancer (n = 2), non-NF2-related meningioma (n = 2), carcinoma of unknown primary (n = 2), small cell lung cancer (n = 1), Sertoli cell carcinoma (n = 1), and uveal melanoma (n = 1). The recommended phase II dose is 60 mg three times weekly, for 3 weeks of a 28-day cycle. DLTs included grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 psychosis. The most common treatment-related adverse events were cytopenias, fatigue, and nausea. The best response was stable disease in 53% of patients (95% CI 26.6-78.7). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months (95% CI 1.2-9.1). Among evaluable patients with NF2 or meningioma (n = 5), median PFS was 9.1 months (95% CI 1.9-not reached). CONCLUSION Single-agent AR-42 is safe and well tolerated. Further studies may consider AR-42 in a larger cohort of patients with NF2 or in combination with other agents in advanced solid tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01129193, registered 5/24/2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hugo Valencia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Herbert Newton
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert Cavaliere
- Division Neuro-Oncology, Department of Cancer Medicine, Baptist MD Anderson, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ming Poi
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sophia G Liva
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Coss
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soun Khountham
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul Monk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles L Shapiro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- National Cancer Institute/Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Division of Hematology, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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7
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Molecular modeling investigation of adsorption of Zolinza drug on surfaces of the B12N12 and Al12N12 nanocages. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Kulka LAM, Fangmann PV, Panfilova D, Olzscha H. Impact of HDAC Inhibitors on Protein Quality Control Systems: Consequences for Precision Medicine in Malignant Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:425. [PMID: 32582706 PMCID: PMC7291789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications (PTM) in human cells and thus needs to be tightly regulated by the writers of this process, the histone acetyl transferases (HAT), and the erasers, the histone deacetylases (HDAC). Acetylation plays a crucial role in cell signaling, cell cycle control and in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are readers of the acetylation mark, enabling them to transduce the modification signal. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been proven to be efficient in hematologic malignancies with four of them being approved by the FDA. However, the mechanisms by which HDACi exert their cytotoxicity are only partly resolved. It is likely that HDACi alter the acetylation pattern of cytoplasmic proteins, contributing to their anti-cancer potential. Recently, it has been demonstrated that various protein quality control (PQC) systems are involved in recognizing the altered acetylation pattern upon HDACi treatment. In particular, molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are able to sense the structurally changed proteins, providing additional targets. Recent clinical studies of novel HDACi have proven that proteins of the UPS may serve as biomarkers for stratifying patient groups under HDACi regimes. In addition, members of the PQC systems have been shown to modify the epigenetic readout of HDACi treated cells and alter proteostasis in the nucleus, thus contributing to changing gene expression profiles. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins seem to play a potent role in transducing the signaling process initiating apoptosis, and many clinical trials are under way to test BRD inhibitors. Finally, it has been demonstrated that HDACi treatment leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, which may explain the effect of panobinostat, the latest FDA approved HDACi, in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Therefore, proteins of these PQC systems provide valuable targets for precision medicine in cancer. In this review, we give an overview of the impact of HDACi treatment on PQC systems and their implications for malignant disease. We exemplify the development of novel HDACi and how affected proteins belonging to PQC can be used to determine molecular signatures and utilized in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Anna Michelle Kulka
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pia-Victoria Fangmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Panfilova
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heidi Olzscha
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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9
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Tng J, Lim J, Wu KC, Lucke AJ, Xu W, Reid RC, Fairlie DP. Achiral Derivatives of Hydroxamate AR-42 Potently Inhibit Class I HDAC Enzymes and Cancer Cell Proliferation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5956-5971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tng
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kai-Chen Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Weijun Xu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C. Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Zhu Y, Yuan T, Zhang Y, Shi J, Bai L, Duan X, Tong R, Zhong L. AR-42: A Pan-HDAC Inhibitor with Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Activities in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4321-4330. [PMID: 31908417 PMCID: PMC6930838 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s211665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a refractory malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need to find effective targets and agents for ESCC treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-ESCC effects of a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor AR-42 and its mechanisms of action. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect HDAC1 expression in ESCC and adjacent tissue samples. MTT assay, Edu cell proliferation test, flow cytometry, and subcutaneous xenograft were used to assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42; furthermore, the antiangiogenic activity of AR-42 was evaluated using endothelial cell migration, invasion, and tube formation assays as well as zebrafish angiogenesis assay. Western blot analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism of the anti-ESCC activity of AR-42. Results HDAC1-positive expression was much higher in ESCC cells than in paracancerous tissues, and the elevated HDAC1 expression was a strong indicator of lymph node metastasis and a more advanced TNM stage of ESCC. Moreover, AR-42 potently suppressed ESCC cell growth through cellular proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction. Moreover, AR-42 displayed a moderate antiangiogenic activity, and it could significantly inhibit the migration, invasion and tubulogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as intersegmental vessel formation in zebrafish at micromolar concentrations. More importantly, the inhibitory activity of AR-42 on ESCC cells and angiogenesis could also be observed in the TE-1 xenograft model. Further studies showed that AR-42 exerts its anti-ESCC effects mainly by upregulating the expression of p21 and blocking the transduction of multiple signaling cascades related to tumor growth, especially Stat3-mediated signaling. Conclusion Overall, AR-42 has significant potency for inhibiting ESCC cell growth and shows moderate effect in suppressing angiogenesis, displaying strong anti-ESCC effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, AR-42 deserves further evaluation as a potential candidate for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
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Ryu H, Jin H, Ho JN, Bae J, Lee E, Lee SE, Lee S. Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Can Re-sensitize a Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:66-72. [PMID: 30606990 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Although there are second-line chemotherapeutic agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) such as those targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), more effective pharmacotherapy is required for cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer due to its limited overall survival and progression-free survival. The synergistic anti-cancer effect of cisplatin and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells (T24R2) was examined. Tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle was examined using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Synergism was examined using the combination index (CI). CCK-8 assay and CI test were used to observe the strong synergistic anti-cancer effect between SAHA and cisplatin. Activation of caspase mediated apoptosis, down-regulated expression of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and up-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) were observed in Western blot. SAHA synergistically could partially re-sensitize cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells (T24R2) through the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis pathway. SAHA-based treatment could be a potential treatment regimen in patients with cisplatin resistant bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Ryu
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Hyunjin Jin
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Jungbum Bae
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Eunsik Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
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Klymenko Y, Nephew KP. Epigenetic Crosstalk between the Tumor Microenvironment and Ovarian Cancer Cells: A Therapeutic Road Less Traveled. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E295. [PMID: 30200265 PMCID: PMC6162502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) predominantly occurs through direct cell shedding from the primary tumor into the intra-abdominal cavity that is filled with malignant ascitic effusions. Facilitated by the fluid flow, cells distribute throughout the cavity, broadly seed and invade through peritoneal lining, and resume secondary tumor growth in abdominal and pelvic organs. At all steps of this unique metastatic process, cancer cells exist within a multidimensional tumor microenvironment consisting of intraperitoneally residing cancer-reprogramed fibroblasts, adipose, immune, mesenchymal stem, mesothelial, and vascular cells that exert miscellaneous bioactive molecules into malignant ascites and contribute to EOC progression and metastasis via distinct molecular mechanisms and epigenetic dysregulation. This review outlines basic epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulators, and summarizes current knowledge on reciprocal interactions between each participant of the EOC cellular milieu and tumor cells in the context of aberrant epigenetic crosstalk. Promising research directions and potential therapeutic strategies that may encompass epigenetic tailoring as a component of complex EOC treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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14
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Chen YJ, Wang WH, Wu WY, Hsu CC, Wei LR, Wang SF, Hsu YW, Liaw CC, Tsai WC. Novel histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 exhibits antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer cells by affecting multiple biochemical pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183368. [PMID: 28829799 PMCID: PMC5567660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer with a 5-year survival rate of ~5%. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in many cellular processes, including carcinogenesis, and pharmacological inhibition of HDACs has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. In this study, we explored antitumor activity of the novel HDAC inhibitor AR-42 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1 were used in this study. Real-time PCR, RT-PCR, and western blotting were employed to investigate expression of specific genes and proteins, respectively. Translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor was investigated by immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation. The number of apoptotic cells, cell cycle stages, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation levels were determined by flow cytometry. Cell invasiveness was examined by the Matrigel invasion assay. Efficacy of AR-42 in vivo was evaluated by utilizing BxPC-3 xenograft mouse model. RESULTS AR-42 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by causing G2/M cell cycle arrest via regulating expression levels of genes and proteins involved in cell cycle. AR-42 also induced ROS generation and DNA damage, triggering apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via both caspase-3-dependent and caspase-3-independent pathways. In addition, AR-42 increased expression levels of negative regulators of p53 (miR-125b, miR-30d, and miR33), which could contribute to lower expression level of mutant p53 in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell invasion assay showed that AR-42 reduced cancer cell aggressiveness and significantly diminished BxPC-3 xenograft tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION AR-42, a novel HDAC inhibitor, inhibited pancreatic cancer cells by regulating p53 expression, inducing cell cycle arrest, particularly at the G2/M stage, and activating multiple apoptosis pathways. Additionally, AR-42 inhibited cell invasiveness and potently suppressed pancreatic cancer tumors in vivo. We conclude that by virtue of its multiple mechanisms of action, AR-42 possesses a considerable potential as an antitumor agent in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Rung Wei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Doctoral Degree Program of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Elshafae SM, Kohart NA, Altstadt LA, Dirksen WP, Rosol TJ. The Effect of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (AR-42) on Canine Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Prostate 2017; 77:776-793. [PMID: 28181686 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine prostate cancer (PCa) is an excellent preclinical model for human PCa. AR-42 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) developed at The Ohio State University that inhibits the proliferation of several cancers, including multiple myeloma, lung, and hepatocellular cancer. In this study, we investigated whether AR-42 would prevent or decrease. The growth and metastasis of a canine PCa (Ace-1 cells) to bone in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Proliferation, cell viability, invasion, and metastasis of a canine prostate cancer cell line (Ace-1) were measured following treatment with AR-42. Expression of anoikis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stem cell-related markers were also evaluated. To assess the efficacy of AR-42 on prevention of PCa metastasis to bone, Ace-1 cells were injected in the left cardiac ventricle of nude mice, mice were treated with AR-42, and the incidence and growth of bone metastasis were measured. Bioluminescence was performed to monitor the bone metastases in nude mice. RESULTS AR-42 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of Ace-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 concentration of AR-42 for Ace-1 cells was 0.42 μM after 24 hr of treatment. AR-42 induced apoptosis, decreased cell migration, and increased the stem cell properties of Ace-1 cells in vitro. AR-42 downregulated E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TWIST, MYOF, anoikis resistance, and osteomimicry genes, while it upregulated SNAIL, PTEN, FAK, and ZEB1 gene expression in Ace-1 cells. Importantly, AR-42 decreased the bioluminescence and incidence of bone metastasis in nude mice. In addition, AR-42 induced apoptosis and altered the tumor cell morphology to an irregular cell phenotype with condensed chromatin in the bone metastases. CONCLUSION AR-42 decreased PCa growth and bone metastasis, induced apoptosis, and downregulated osteomimicry genes in PCa cells in the bone microenvironment. Prostate 77:776-793, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nicole A Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lucas A Altstadt
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Murahari S, Jalkanen AL, Kulp SK, Chen CS, Modiano JF, London CA, Kisseberth WC. Sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to HDAC inhibitor AR-42 mediated apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:67. [PMID: 28109246 PMCID: PMC5251323 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in both humans and dogs and is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in children and young adults. Limb sparing surgery along with chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for OS. Many patients are not cured with current therapies, presenting a real need for developing new treatments. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a promising new class of anticancer agents. In this study, we investigated the activity of the novel HDAC inhibitor AR-42 in a panel of human and canine OS cell lines. Methods The effect of AR-42 and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) alone or in combination with doxorubicin on OS cell viability was assessed. Induction of histone acetylation after HDAC inhibitor treatment was confirmed by Western blotting. Drug-induced apoptosis was analyzed by FACS. Apoptosis was assessed further by measuring caspase 3/7 enzymatic activity, nucleosome fragmentation, and caspase cleavage. Effects on Akt signaling were demonstrated by assessing phosphorylation of Akt and downstream signaling molecules. Results AR-42 was a potent inhibitor of cell viability and induced a greater apoptotic response compared to SAHA when used at the same concentrations. Normal osteoblasts were much less sensitive. The combination of AR-42 with doxorubicin resulted in a potent inhibition of cell viability and apparent synergistic effect. Furthermore, we showed that AR-42 and SAHA induced cell death via the activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway through activation of caspase 3/7. This potent apoptotic activity was associated with the greater ability of AR-42 to downregulate survival signaling through Akt. Conclusions These results confirm that AR-42 is a potent inhibitor of HDAC activity and demonstrates its ability to significantly inhibit cell survival through its pleiotropic effects in both canine and human OS cells and suggests that spontaneous OS in pet dogs may be a useful large animal model for preclinical evaluation of HDAC inhibitors. HDAC inhibition in combination with standard doxorubicin treatment offers promising potential for chemotherapeutic intervention in both canine and human OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Murahari
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aimee L Jalkanen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Current address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Henderson SE, Ding LY, Mo X, Bekaii-Saab T, Kulp SK, Chen CS, Huang PH. Suppression of Tumor Growth and Muscle Wasting in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer by the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42. Neoplasia 2016; 18:765-774. [PMID: 27889645 PMCID: PMC5126135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of AR-42 (formerly OSU-HDAC42), a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor currently in clinical trials, in suppressing tumor growth and/or cancer-induced muscle wasting in murine models of PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vitro antiproliferative activity of AR-42 was evaluated in six human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, COLO-357, PANC-1, MiaPaCa-2, BxPC-3, SW1990). AsPC-1 subcutaneous xenograft and transgenic KPfl/flC (LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53flox/flox;Pdx-1-Cre) mouse models of pancreatic cancer were used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of AR-42 in suppressing tumor growth and/or muscle wasting. RESULTS Growth suppression in AR-42-treated cells was observed in all six human pancreatic cancer cell lines with dose-dependent modulation of proliferation and apoptotic markers, which was associated with the hallmark features of HDAC inhibition, including p21 upregulation and histone H3 hyperacetylation. Oral administration of AR-42 at 50 mg/kg every other day resulted in suppression of tumor burden in the AsPC-1 xenograft and KPfl/flC models by 78% and 55%, respectively, at the end of treatment. Tumor suppression was associated with HDAC inhibition, increased apoptosis, and inhibition of proliferation. Additionally, AR-42 as a single agent preserved muscle size and increased grip strength in KPfl/flC mice. Finally, the combination of AR-42 and gemcitabine in transgenic mice demonstrated a significant increase in survival than either agent alone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AR-42 represents a therapeutically promising strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Henderson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Li-Yun Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsien Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Tseng YC, Kulp SK, Lai IL, Hsu EC, He WA, Frankhouser DE, Yan PS, Mo X, Bloomston M, Lesinski GB, Marcucci G, Guttridge DC, Bekaii-Saab T, Chen CS. Preclinical Investigation of the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42 in the Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cachexia. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv274. [PMID: 26464423 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a debilitating condition that impacts patient morbidity, mortality, and quality of life and for which effective therapies are lacking. The anticachectic activity of the novel HDAC inhibitor AR-42 was investigated in murine models of cancer cachexia. METHODS The effects of AR-42 on classic features of cachexia were evaluated in the C-26 colon adenocarcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) models. Effects on survival in comparison with approved HDAC inhibitors (vorinostat, romidepsin) were determined. The muscle metabolome and transcriptome (by RNA-seq), as well as serum cytokine profile, were evaluated. Data were analyzed using mixed effects models, analysis of variance, or log-rank tests. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In the C-26 model, orally administered AR-42 preserved body weight (23.9±2.6 grams, AR-42-treated; 20.8±1.3 grams, vehicle-treated; P = .005), prolonged survival (P < .001), prevented reductions in muscle and adipose tissue mass, muscle fiber size, and muscle strength and restored intramuscular mRNA expression of the E3 ligases MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 to basal levels (n = 8). This anticachectic effect, confirmed in the LLC model, was not observed after treatment with vorinostat and romidepsin. AR-42 suppressed tumor-induced changes in inflammatory cytokine production and multiple procachexia drivers (IL-6, IL-6Rα, leukemia inhibitory factor, Foxo1, Atrogin-1, MuRF1, adipose triglyceride lipase, uncoupling protein 3, and myocyte enhancer factor 2c). Metabolomic analysis revealed cachexia-associated changes in glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and protein degradation in muscle, which were restored by AR-42 to a state characteristic of tumor-free mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings support further investigation of AR-42 as part of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chou Tseng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - I-Lu Lai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - En-Chi Hsu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Wei A He
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - David E Frankhouser
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Mark Bloomston
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC)
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC).
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy (YCT, SKK, ILL, ECH, CSC), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (WAH, DCG), Department of Surgery (MB), Department of Internal Medicine (GBL, GM, TBS), and Center for Biostatistics (XM), College of Medicine, and Genomics Shared Resource (DEF, PSY), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (CSC); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CSC).
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19
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Nguyen HT, Tian G, Murph MM. Molecular epigenetics in the management of ovarian cancer: are we investigating a rational clinical promise? Front Oncol 2014; 4:71. [PMID: 24782983 PMCID: PMC3986558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is essentially a phenotypical change in gene expression without any alteration of the DNA sequence; the emergence of epigenetics in cancer research and mainstream oncology is fueling new hope. However, it is not yet known whether this knowledge will translate to improved clinical management of ovarian cancer. In this malignancy, women are still undergoing chemotherapy similar to what was approved in 1978, which to this day represents one of the biggest breakthroughs for treating ovarian cancer. Although liquid tumors are benefiting from epigenetically related therapies, solid tumors like ovarian cancer are not (yet?). Herein, we will review the science of molecular epigenetics, especially DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA, but also include transcription factors since they, too, are important in ovarian cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical research on the role of epigenetic modifications is also summarized. Unfortunately, ovarian cancer remains an idiopathic disease, for the most part, and there are many areas of patient management, which could benefit from improved technology. This review will also highlight the evidence suggesting that epigenetics may have pre-clinical utility in pharmacology and clinical applications for prognosis and diagnosis. Finally, drugs currently in clinical trials (i.e., histone deacetylase inhibitors) are discussed along with the promise for epigenetics in the exploitation of chemoresistance. Whether epigenetics will ultimately be the answer to better management in ovarian cancer is currently unknown; but we hope so in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy , Athens, GA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Mandi M Murph
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy , Athens, GA , USA
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20
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Prolonged treatment with DNMT inhibitors induces distinct effects in promoters and gene-bodies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71099. [PMID: 23940695 PMCID: PMC3735498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with the demethylating drugs 5-azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC) is now recognised as an effective therapy for patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), a range of disorders arising in clones of hematopoietic progenitor cells. A variety of cell models have been used to study the effect of these drugs on the methylation of promoter regions of tumour suppressor genes, with recent efforts focusing on the ability of these drugs to inhibit DNA methylation at low doses. However, it is still not clear how nano-molar drug treatment exerts its effects on the methylome. In this study, we have characterised changes in DNA methylation caused by prolonged low-dose treatment in a leukemic cell model (SKM-1), and present a genome-wide analysis of the effects of AZA and DAC. At nano-molar dosages, a one-month continuous treatment halved the total number of hypermethylated probes in leukemic cells and our analysis identified 803 candidate regions with significant demethylation after treatment. Demethylated regions were enriched in promoter sequences whereas gene-body CGIs were more resistant to the demethylation process. CGI methylation in promoters was strongly correlated with gene expression but this correlation was lost after treatment. Our results indicate that CGI demethylation occurs preferentially at promoters, but that it is not generally sufficient to modify expression patterns, and emphasises the roles of other means of maintaining cell state.
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21
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Combination of Vorinostat and caspase-8 inhibition exhibits high anti-tumoral activity on endometrial cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:763-75. [PMID: 23590818 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as Vorinostat display anti-neoplastic activity against a variety of solid tumors. Here, we have investigated the anti-tumoral activity of Vorinostat on endometrial cancer cells. We have found that Vorinostat caused cell growth arrest, loss of clonogenic growth and apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells. Vorinostat-induced the activation of caspase-8 and -9, the initiators caspases of the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively. Next, we investigated the role of the extrinsic pathway in apoptosis triggered by Vorinostat. We found that Vorinostat caused a dramatic decrease of FLIP mRNA and protein levels. However, overexpression of the long from of FLIP did not block Vorinostat-induced apoptosis. To further investigate the role of extrinsic apoptotic pathway in Vorinostat-induced apoptosis, we performed an shRNA-mediated knock-down of caspase-8. Surprisingly, downregulation of caspase-8 alone caused a marked decrease in clonogenic ability and reduced the growth of endometrial cancer xenografts in vivo, revealing that targeting caspase-8 may be an attractive target for anticancer therapy on endometrial tumors. Furthermore, combination of caspase-8 inhibition and Vorinostat treatment caused an enhancement of apoptotic cell death and a further decrease of clonogenic growth of endometrial cancer cells. More importantly, combination of Vorinostat and caspase-8 inhibition caused a nearly complete inhibition of tumor xenograft growth. Finally, we demonstrate that cell death triggered by Vorinostat alone or in combination with caspase-8 shRNAs was inhibited by the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Our results suggest that combinatory therapies using Vorinostat treatment and caspase-8 inhibition can be an effective treatment for endometrial carcinomas.
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22
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Matthews GM, Newbold A, Johnstone RW. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway signaling as determinants of histone deacetylase inhibitor antitumor activity. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 116:165-97. [PMID: 23088871 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394387-3.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can elicit a range of biological responses that impede the growth and/or survival of tumor cells. Depending on the physiological context, HDACi can induce apoptosis via two well-defined apoptotic pathways; the intrinsic/mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor (DR)/extrinsic pathway. A number of groups have demonstrated that overexpression of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members significantly reduces HDACi-mediated tumor cell death and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. In many cases, HDACi activate the intrinsic pathway via upregulation of a number of proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family genes including Bim, Bid, and Bmf. Additionally, HDACi can engage the extrinsic pathway through upregulation of DR expression, reductions in c-FLIP, and upregulation of ligands such as TRAIL. Overall, it appears that activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is the predominant mechanism of HDACi-induced tumor cell death; however, the DR pathway may also be engaged, either to amplify the apoptotic signal through the intrinsic pathway or to directly induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Matthews
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Gene Regulation Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Burns SS, Akhmametyeva EM, Oblinger JL, Bush ML, Huang J, Senner V, Chen CS, Jacob A, Welling DB, Chang LS. Histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 differentially affects cell-cycle transit in meningeal and meningioma cells, potently inhibiting NF2-deficient meningioma growth. Cancer Res 2013; 73:792-803. [PMID: 23151902 PMCID: PMC3549000 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas constitute about 34% of primary intracranial tumors and are associated with increased mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). To evaluate potential medical therapies for these tumors, we have established a quantifiable orthotopic model for NF2-deficient meningiomas. We showed that telomerase-immortalized Ben-Men-1 benign meningioma cells harbored a single nucleotide deletion in NF2 exon 7 and did not express the NF2 protein, merlin. We also showed that AR-42, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, inhibited proliferation of both Ben-Men-1 and normal meningeal cells by increasing expression of p16(INK4A), p21(CIP1/WAF1), and p27(KIP1). In addition, AR-42 increased proapoptotic Bim expression and decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl(XL) levels. However, AR-42 predominantly arrested Ben-Men-1 cells at G(2)-M whereas it induced cell-cycle arrest at G(1) in meningeal cells. Consistently, AR-42 substantially decreased the levels of cyclin D1, E, and A, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in meningeal cells while significantly reducing the expression of cyclin B, important for progression through G(2), in Ben-Men-1 cells. In addition, AR-42 decreased Aurora A and B expression. To compare the in vivo efficacies of AR-42 and AR-12, a PDK1 inhibitor, we generated and used luciferase-expressing Ben-Men-1-LucB cells to establish intracranial xenografts that grew over time. While AR-12 treatment moderately slowed tumor growth, AR-42 caused regression of Ben-Men-1-LucB tumors. Importantly, AR-42-treated tumors showed minimal regrowth when xenograft-bearing mice were switched to normal diet. Together, these results suggest that AR-42 is a potential therapy for meningiomas. The differential effect of AR-42 on cell-cycle progression of normal meningeal and meningioma cells may have implications for why AR-42 is well-tolerated while it potently inhibits tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Burns
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Elena M. Akhmametyeva
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Janet L. Oblinger
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew L. Bush
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Volker Senner
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abraham Jacob
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D. Bradley Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Chang
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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24
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Epigenetic targeting therapies to overcome chemotherapy resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 754:285-311. [PMID: 22956507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that epigenetic aberrations occur early in malignant transformation, raising the possibility of identifying chemopreventive compounds or reliable diagnostic screening using epigenetic biomarkers. Combinatorial therapies effective for the reexpression of tumor suppressors, facilitating resensitization to conventional chemotherapies, hold great promise for the future therapy of cancer. This approach may also perturb cancer stem cells and thus represent an effective means for managing a number of solid tumors. We believe that in the near future, anticancer drug regimens will routinely include epigenetic therapies, possibly in conjunction with inhibitors of "stemness" signal pathways, to effectively reduce the devastating occurrence of cancer chemotherapy resistance.
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25
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Balch C, Naegeli K, Nam S, Ballard B, Hyslop A, Melki C, Reilly E, Hur MW, Nephew KP. A unique histone deacetylase inhibitor alters microRNA expression and signal transduction in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:681-93. [PMID: 22549158 PMCID: PMC3408973 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated potent antineoplastic activity of a distinctive histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), AR42, against chemoresistant CP70 ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, in follow-up to that work, we explored AR42 global mechanisms-of-action by examining drug-associated, genome-wide microRNA and mRNA expression profiles, which differed from those of the well-studied HDACI vorinostat. Expression of microRNA genes in negative correlation with their "target" coding gene (mRNA) transcripts, and transcription factor genes with expression positively correlated with coding genes having their cognate binding sites, were identified and subjected to gene ontology analyses. Those evaluations showed AR42 gene expression patterns to negatively correlate with Wnt signaling (> 18-fold induction of SFRP1), the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (40% decreased ATF1), and cell cycle progression (33-fold increased 14-3-3σ). By contrast, AR42 transcriptome alterations correlated positively with extrinsic ("death receptor") apoptosis (> 2.3-fold upregulated DAPK) and favorable ovarian cancer histopathology and prognosis. Inhibition of Wnt signaling was experimentally validated by: (1) > 2.6-fold reduced Wnt reporter activity; and (2) 36% reduction in nuclear, activated β-catenin. Likely AR42 induction of multiple (type I or type II autophagic) cell death cascades was further supported by 57% decreased reliance upon reactive oxygen, increased mitochondrial membrane disruption, and caspase independence, as compared with vorinostat. Taken together, we demonstrate distinct antineoplastic pathway alterations, in aggressive ovarian cancer cells, following treatment with a promising HDACI, AR42. These combined computational and experimental approaches may also represent a straightforward means for mechanistic studies of other promising antineoplastics, and/or the identification of agents that may complement epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Balch
- Medical Sciences Program; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer; Indiana University; Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Kaleb Naegeli
- Medical Sciences Program; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- Medical Sciences Program; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Brett Ballard
- Medical Sciences Program; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Alan Hyslop
- Medical Sciences Program; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Christina Melki
- Department of Biochemistry; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
| | | | - Man-Wook Hur
- College of Medicine; Yonsi University; Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer; Indiana University; Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
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26
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Balch C, Matei DE, Huang THM, Nephew KP. Role of epigenomics in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Epigenomics 2012; 2:419-47. [PMID: 22121902 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and while constituting only 3% of all female cancers, it causes 14,600 deaths in the USA annually. Endometrial cancer, the most diagnosed and second-most fatal gynecologic cancer, afflicts over 40,000 US women annually, causing an estimated 7780 deaths in 2009. In both advanced ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, the majority of initially therapy-responsive tumors eventually evolve to a fully drug-resistant phenotype. In addition to genetic mutations, epigenetic anomalies are frequent in both gynecologic malignancies, including aberrant DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications and dysregulated expression of distinct microRNAs, resulting in altered gene-expression patterns favoring cell survival. In this article, we summarize the most recent hypotheses regarding the role of epigenetics in ovarian and endometrial cancers, including a possible role in tumor 'stemness' and also evaluate the possible therapeutic benefits of reversal of these oncogenic chromatin aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Balch
- Medical Sciences Program, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Jordan Hall 302, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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27
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Bapat SA. Modulation of gene expression in ovarian cancer by active and repressive histone marks. Epigenomics 2012; 2:39-51. [PMID: 22122747 DOI: 10.2217/epi.09.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications often function concomitantly to drive an aberrant program of gene expression in most cancers. Consequently, they have also been identified as being associated with ovarian cancer. However, several basic issues remain unclear - are these marks established early during normal ovarian functioning, or at a preneoplastic stage, or through a gradual accumulation, or do they arise de novo during transformation? Such issues have been difficult to address in ovarian cancer wherein preneoplastic lesions and progression models have not yet been established and drug-refractive disease progression is rapid and aggressive. The review presents an overview of the known involvement of histone modifications in various cellular states that might contribute to our understanding of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India.
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28
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The interconnectedness of cancer cell signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1183-93. [PMID: 22241964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The elegance of fundamental and applied research activities have begun to reveal a myriad of spatial and temporal alterations in downstream signaling networks affected by cell surface receptor stimulation including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Interconnected biochemical pathways serve to integrate and distribute the signaling information throughout the cell by orchestration of complex biochemical circuits consisting of protein interactions and covalent modification processes. It is clear that scientific literature summarizing results from both fundamental and applied scientific research activities has served to provide a broad foundational biologic database that has been instrumental in advancing our continued understanding of underlying cancer biology. This article reflects on historical advances and the role of innovation in the competitive world of grant-sponsored research.
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29
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Batra S, Balamayooran G, Sahoo MK. Nuclear factor-κB: a key regulator in health and disease of lungs. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:335-51. [PMID: 21786215 PMCID: PMC7079756 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rel/NF-κB transcription factors play a key role in modulating the response of immunoregulatory genes including cytokines and chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins, and anti-microbial peptides. Furthermore, an array of genes important for angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis is also regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Close association of NF-κB with inflammation and tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for basic research as well as for pharmaceutical industries. Studies involving various animal and cellular models have revealed the importance of NF-κB in pathobiology of lung diseases. This review (a) describes structures, activities, and regulation of NF-κB family members; (b) provides information which implicates NF-κB in pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation and cancer; and (c) discusses information about available synthetic and natural compounds which target NF-κB or specific components of NF-κB signal transduction pathway and which may provide the foundation for development of effective therapy for lung inflammation and bronchogenic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Batra
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA.
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30
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Wilson AJ, Holson E, Wagner F, Zhang YL, Fass DM, Haggarty SJ, Bhaskara S, Hiebert SW, Schreiber SL, Khabele D. The DNA damage mark pH2AX differentiates the cytotoxic effects of small molecule HDAC inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:484-93. [PMID: 21738006 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.6.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade epithelial ovarian cancers are relatively sensitive to DNA damaging platinum-based chemotherapy, suggesting that the dependencies of ovarian tumors on DNA damage response pathways can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. Our goal was to determine if the DNA damage mark gamma-H2AX phosphorylation (pH2AX) could be used to identify suitable cytotoxic histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for ovarian cancer treatment. Nineteen chemically diverse HDACi compounds were tested in 7 ovarian cancer cell lines. Fluorescent, biochemical and cell-based assays were performed to assess DNA damage by induction of pH2AX and to measure cell viability and apoptosis. The relationships between pH2AX and the cellular effects of cell viability and apoptosis were calculated. Selected HDACi were tested in combination with cisplatin and other DNA damaging agents to determine if the HDACi improved upon the effects of the DNA damaging agents. The HDACi compounds induced differing levels of pH2AX expression. High levels of pH2AX in HDACi-treated ovarian cancer cells were tightly associated with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Consequently, a ketone-based HDACi was chosen and found to enhance the effects of cisplatin, even in ovarian cancer cells with extreme resistance to DNA damaging drugs. In conclusion, a fluorescent-based assay for pH2AX can be used to determine cellular responses to HDACi in vitro and may be a useful tool to identify potentially more effective HDACi for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, these results lend support to the inclusion of ketone-derived HDACi compounds for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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31
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Antitumor activity of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (S)-HDAC42 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:1127-33. [PMID: 21865079 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant regulation of epigenetic systems including histone acetylation contributes to inappropriate gene expression in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (S)-HDAC42 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The antiproliferative effect of (S)-HDAC42 was multifold higher than that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in a panel of oral squamous carcinoma cell lines examined. (S)-HDAC42 mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis by targeting multiple signaling pathways relevant to cell cycle progression and survival. We demonstrated that (S)-HDAC42 downregulated the levels of phospho-Akt, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6, accompanied by increased p27 and p21 expression. In addition, (S)-HDAC42 suppressed NF-κB signaling by blocking tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear translocation, and activated reactive oxygen species generation. Finally, (S)-HDAC42 exhibited high potency in suppressing OSCC tumor growth in a Ca922 xenograft nude mouse model. Together, these findings underscore the translational value of (S)-HDAC42 in fostering new therapeutic strategies for OSCC.
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32
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Bush ML, Oblinger J, Brendel V, Santarelli G, Huang J, Akhmametyeva EM, Burns SS, Wheeler J, Davis J, Yates CW, Chaudhury AR, Kulp S, Chen CS, Chang LS, Welling DB, Jacob A. AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, as a potential therapy for vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:983-99. [PMID: 21778190 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disease that results in the formation of bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and multiple meningiomas. Treatment options for NF2-associated tumors are limited, and to date, no medical therapies are FDA approved. The ideal chemotherapeutic agent would inhibit both VS and meningiomas simultaneously. The objectives of this study are (1) to test the efficacy of AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, to inhibit VS and meningioma growth and (2) to investigate this drug's mechanisms of action. Primary cultures of human VS and meningioma cells were established. Nf2-deficient mouse schwannoma and benign human meningioma Ben-Men-1 cells were also cultured. Cells were treated with AR42, and the drug's effects on proliferation and the cell cycle were analyzed using a methanethiosulfonate assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Human phospho-kinase arrays and Western blots were used to evaluate the effects of AR42 on intracellular signaling. The in vivo efficacy of AR42 was investigated using schwannoma xenografts. Tumor volumes were quantified using high-field, volumetric MRI, and molecular target analysis was performed using immunohistochemistry. AR42 inhibited the growth of primary human VS and Nf2-deficient mouse schwannoma cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 500 nM and 250-350 nM, respectively. AR42 also inhibited primary meningioma cells and the benign meningioma cell line, Ben-Men-1, with IC(50) values of 1.5 µM and 1.0 µM, respectively. AR42 treatment induced cell-cycle arrest at G(2) and apoptosis in both VS and meningioma cells. Also, AR42 exposure decreased phosphorylated Akt in schwannoma and meningioma cells. In vivo treatment with AR42 inhibited the growth of schwannoma xenografts, induced apoptosis, and decreased Akt activation. The potent growth inhibitory activity of AR42 in schwannoma and meningioma cells suggests that AR42 should be further evaluated as a potential treatment for NF2-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Bush
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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Valente S, Tardugno M, Conte M, Cirilli R, Perrone A, Ragno R, Simeoni S, Tramontano A, Massa S, Nebbioso A, Miceli M, Franci G, Brosch G, Altucci L, Mai A. Novel cinnamyl hydroxyamides and 2-aminoanilides as histone deacetylase inhibitors: apoptotic induction and cytodifferentiation activity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:698-712. [PMID: 21374822 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Four novel series of cinnamyl-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors 1-4 are described, containing hydroxamate (1 and 3) or 2-aminoanilide (2 and 4) derivatives. When screened against class I (maize HD1-B and human HDAC1) and class II (maize HD1-A and human HDAC4) HDACs, most hydroxamates and 2-aminoanilides displayed potent and selective inhibition toward class I enzymes. Immunoblotting analyses performed in U937 leukemia cells generally revealed high acetyl-H3 and low acetyl-α-tubulin levels. Exceptions are compounds 3 f-i, 3 m-o, and 4 k, which showed higher tubulin acetylation than SAHA. In U937 cells, cell-cycle blockade in either the G₂/M or G₁/S phase was observed with 1-4. Five hydroxamates (compounds 1 h-l) effected a two- to greater than threefold greater percent apoptosis than SAHA, and in the CD11c cytodifferentiation test some 2-aminoanilides belonging to both series 2 and 4 were more active than MS-275. The highest-scoring derivatives in terms of apoptosis (1 k, 1 l) or cytodifferentiation (2 c, 4 n) also showed antiproliferative activity in U937 cells, thus representing valuable tools for study in other cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valente
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Yoon CY, Park MJ, Lee JS, Lee SC, Oh JJ, Park H, Chung CW, Abdullajanov MM, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee ES, Lee SE. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A synergistically resensitizes a cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cell line. J Urol 2011; 185:1102-11. [PMID: 21255805 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin is the mainstay of treatment for advanced bladder cancer. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to cisplatin is common, which severely limits its therapeutic potential. We determined the synergistic antitumor effect of cisplatin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cell line T24R2 was exposed to cisplatin and/or trichostatin A. Tumor cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit assay. Synergism between 2 drugs was examined by the combination index. Changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. We analyzed the expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin A, B1 and D1, Cdc2c, p-Cdc2c, Cdc25c, p-Cdc25c, cytochrome c, p-Akt, t-Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, vascular endothelial growth factor and fetal liver kinase-1 by Western blot and colorimetric assay. RESULTS Based on the combination index and isobole analysis of the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay we observed a strong synergistic antitumor effect between cisplatin and trichostatin A, allowing a 3.5 and 4.9-fold dose reduction in cisplatin and trichostatin A, respectively, while achieving an estimated 90% kill of T24R2 cells. The underlying mechanism could be synergistic cell cycle arrest, induction of caspase mediated apoptosis or up-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that trichostatin A may synergistically enhance the antitumor effect of cisplatin and resensitize cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cells. These findings suggest the potential use of histone deacetylase inhibitor as a combination agent to enhance the antitumor effect of cisplatin in patients with advanced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Yong Yoon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bndang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Kilner J, Corfe BM, Wilkinson SJ. Modelling the microtubule: towards a better understanding of short-chain fatty acid molecular pharmacology. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:975-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bai LY, Omar HA, Chiu CF, Chi ZP, Hu JL, Weng JR. Antitumor effects of (S)-HDAC42, a phenylbutyrate-derived histone deacetylase inhibitor, in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 68:489-96. [PMID: 21072520 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic agents are among the newly targeted therapeutic strategies being studied with intense interest for patients with multiple myeloma. Here, we demonstrate the antitumor activity of a phenylbutyrate-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, (S)-HDAC42, and identify its possible targets in myeloma cells. METHODS The antiproliferative effect of (S)-HDAC42 was compared with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in three myeloma cell lines, IM-9, RPMI-8226, and U266. Flow cytometry and terminal transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to demonstrate the induction of apoptosis by (S)-HDAC42. Moreover, the proposed mechanisms of action, such as modulation of Akt, NF-κB pathway, and cell cycle-related proteins, were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS (S)-HDAC42 exhibited four- to sevenfold higher potency relative to SAHA in suppressing myeloma cell viabilities. The apoptotic effect induced by (S)-HDAC42 was through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, as evidenced by increased cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In addition to HDAC inhibition, (S)-HDAC42 also disturbed signaling pathways governing cell survival, including downregulating Akt phosphorylation and NF-κB signaling. The modulation of cell cycle-related proteins by (S)-HDAC42 suggested its inhibitory effect on cell cycle propagation. CONCLUSION These data suggest the translational value of (S)-HDAC42 in developing new therapeutic strategies for myeloma, which warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Bai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat demonstrates marked synergy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1224-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Activation of the unfolded protein response contributes toward the antitumor activity of vorinostat. Neoplasia 2010; 12:80-6. [PMID: 20072656 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent an emerging class of anticancer agents progressing through clinical trials. Although their primary target is thought to involve acetylation of core histones, several nonhistone substrates have been identified, including heat shock protein (HSP) 90, which may contribute towards their antitumor activity. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the HSP family of molecular chaperones and plays a central role in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Emerging data suggest that GRP78 is critical in cellular adaptation and survival associated with oncogenesis and may serve as a cancer-specific therapeutic target. On the basis of shared homology with HSP family proteins, we sought to determine whether GRP78 could serve as a molecular target of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. Vorinostat treatment led to GRP78 acetylation, dissociation, and subsequent activation of its client protein double-stranded RNA-activated protein-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). Investigations in a panel of cancer cell lines identified that UPR activation after vorinostat exposure is specific to certain lines. Mass spectrometry performed on immunoprecipitated GRP78 identified lysine-585 as a specific vorinostat-induced acetylation site of GRP78. Downstream activation of the UPR was confirmed, including eukaryotic initiating factor 2alpha phosphorylation and increase in ATF4 and C/EBP homologous protein expression. To determine the biologic relevance of UPR activation after vorinostat, RNA interference of PERK was performed, demonstrating significantly decreased sensitivity to vorinostat-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings indicate that GRP78 is a biologic target of vorinostat, and activation of the UPR through PERK phosphorylation contributes toward its antitumor activity.
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The War on Cancer rages on. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1252-63. [PMID: 20019833 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, the "War on Cancer" was launched by the US government to cure cancer by the 200-year anniversary of the founding of the United States of America, 1976. This article briefly looks back at the progress that has been made in cancer research and compares progress made in other areas of human affliction. While progress has indeed been made, the battle continues to rage on.
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs regulate and maintain gene-expression states. Similar to genetic mutations, alterations in epigenetic regulation can lead to uncontrolled cell division, tumor initiation and growth, invasiveness and metastasis. Research in brain cancer, particularly gliomas, has uncovered global and gene-specific DNA hypomethylation, local DNA hypermethylation of gene promoters and the de-regulation of microRNA expression. Understanding epigenetic dysregulation in brain cancers has provided new tools for prognostication, as well as suggesting new approaches to therapy. There is significant interest in new sequencing-based technologies that map genetic and epigenetic alterations comprehensively and at high resolution. These methods are being applied to brain tumors, and will better define the contribution of epigenetic defects to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D Fouse
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Matei DE, Nephew KP. Epigenetic therapies for chemoresensitization of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 116:195-201. [PMID: 19854495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs have been shown to enhance gene expression and drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines and animal models. Based on promising preclinical studies, DNA methylation inhibitors in combination with existing chemotherapeutic agents have the potential for overcoming acquired drug resistance, laying the foundation for this specific class of epigenetic drug in ovarian cancer clinical trials. The recent completion of phase I trials of decitabine has yielded important information on dosing schedules and biological endpoints for evaluating patient responses. In addition, epigenetic drug effects on pharmacodyamic targets are beginning to emerge, and predictive epigenetic biomarkers and next generation epigenome therapeutics are being developed for application in clinical settings for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Matei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Kristensen LS, Nielsen HM, Hansen LL. Epigenetics and cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625:131-42. [PMID: 19836388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the genetic alterations, observed in cancer cells, are mitotically heritable changes in gene expression not encoded by the DNA sequences, which are referred to as epigenetic changes. DNA methylation is among the most studied epigenetic mechanisms together with various histone modifications involved in chromatin remodeling. As opposed to genetic lesions, the epigenetic changes are potentially reversible by a number of small molecules, known as epi-drugs. This review will focus on the biological mechanisms underlying the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes observed in cancer cells, and the targeted molecular strategies that have been investigated to reverse these aberrations. In particular, we will focus on DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) as epigenetic targets for cancer treatment. A synergistic effect of a combined use of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors has been observed. Moreover, epi-drugs sensitize multiple different cancer cells to a large variety of other treatment strategies. In particular, we have focused on the ability of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors to restore the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) activity in breast cancer. Finally, we will discuss the potential of DNA methylation changes as biomarkers to be used in diverse areas of cancer treatment, especially for predicting response to treatment with DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Sommer Kristensen
- Institute of Human Genetics, The Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Abstract
Epigenetic aberrations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and micro-RNA dysregulation, are now well established in the development and progression of ovarian cancer, and their gradual accumulation is associated with advancing disease stage and grade. Epigenetic aberrations are relatively stable, associated with distinct disease subtypes, and present in circulating serum, representing promising diagnostic, prognostic, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. In contrast to DNA mutations and deletions, aberrant gene-repressive epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible by epigenetic therapies, including inhibitors of DNA methylation or histone-modifying enzymes. Although epigenetic monotherapies have not shown activity against solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, preclinical studies suggest they will be effective when used in combination with one another or with conventional chemotherapeutics, and combinatorial epigenetic therapy regiments are being examined in cancer clinical trials. A greater understanding of the role of epigenetics in ovarian neoplasia will provide for improved interventions against this devastating malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Balch
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-4401, USA
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