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Yehya H, Raudins S, Padmanabhan R, Jensen J, Bukys MA. Addressing bioreactor hiPSC aggregate stability, maintenance and scaleup challenges using a design of experiment approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 38956608 PMCID: PMC11218057 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-derived therapies hold the potential for treatment of regenerative clinical indications. Static culture has a limited ability to scale up thus restricting its use. Suspension culturing can be used to produce target cells in large quantities, but also presents challenges related to stress and aggregation stability. METHODS Utilizing a design of experiments (DoE) approach in vertical wheel bioreactors, we evaluated media additives that have versatile properties. The additives evaluated are Heparin sodium salt (HS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), Pluronic F68 and dextran sulfate (DS). Multiple response variables were chosen to assess cell growth, pluripotency maintenance and aggregate stability in response to the additive inputs, and mathematical models were generated and tuned for maximal predictive power. RESULTS Expansion of iPSCs using 100 ml vertical wheel bioreactor assay for 4 days on 19 different media combinations resulted in models that can optimize pluripotency, stability, and expansion. The expansion optimization resulted in the combination of PA, PVA and PEG with E8. This mixture resulted in an expansion doubling time that was 40% shorter than that of E8 alone. Pluripotency optimizer highlighted the importance of adding 1% PEG to the E8 medium. Aggregate stability optimization that minimizes aggregate fusion in 3D culture indicated that the interaction of both Heparin and PEG can limit aggregation as well as increase the maintenance capacity and expansion of hiPSCs, suggesting that controlling fusion is a critical parameter for expansion and maintenance. Validation of optimized solution on two cell lines in bioreactors with decreased speed of 40 RPM, showed consistency and prolonged control over aggregates that have high frequency of pluripotency markers of OCT4 and SOX2 (> 90%). A doubling time of around 1-1.4 days was maintained after passaging as clumps in the optimized medium. Controlling aggregate fusion allowed for a decrease in bioreactor speed and therefore shear stress exerted on the cells in a large-scale expansion. CONCLUSION This study resulted in a control of aggregate size within suspension cultures, while informing about concomitant state control of the iPSC state. Wider application of this approach can address media optimization complexity and bioreactor scale-up challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Yehya
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
- Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Sofija Raudins
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
| | | | - Jan Jensen
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Michael A Bukys
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA.
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2
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Yang S, Golkaram M, Oh S, Oh Y, Cho Y, Yoe J, Ju S, Lalli MA, Park SY, Lee Y, Jang J. ETV4 is a mechanical transducer linking cell crowding dynamics to lineage specification. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:903-916. [PMID: 38702503 PMCID: PMC11178500 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in mechanical microenvironments, such as cell crowding, regulate lineage fates as well as cell proliferation. Although regulatory mechanisms for contact inhibition of proliferation have been extensively studied, it remains unclear how cell crowding induces lineage specification. Here we found that a well-known oncogene, ETS variant transcription factor 4 (ETV4), serves as a molecular transducer that links mechanical microenvironments and gene expression. In a growing epithelium of human embryonic stem cells, cell crowding dynamics is translated into ETV4 expression, serving as a pre-pattern for future lineage fates. A switch-like ETV4 inactivation by cell crowding derepresses the potential for neuroectoderm differentiation in human embryonic stem cell epithelia. Mechanistically, cell crowding inactivates the integrin-actomyosin pathway and blocks the endocytosis of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). The disrupted FGFR endocytosis induces a marked decrease in ETV4 protein stability through ERK inactivation. Mathematical modelling demonstrates that the dynamics of cell density in a growing human embryonic stem cell epithelium precisely determines the spatiotemporal ETV4 expression pattern and, consequently, the timing and geometry of lineage development. Our findings suggest that cell crowding dynamics in a stem cell epithelium drives spatiotemporal lineage specification using ETV4 as a key mechanical transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbok Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahdi Golkaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Seyoun Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjae Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Yoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ju
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew A Lalli
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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3
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KIMURA K, NAGAKURA H, TSUKAMOTO M, YOSHIDA T, SUGISAKI H, SHISHIDA K, TACHI Y, SHIMASAKI S, SUGIURA K, HATOYA S. Canine induced pluripotent stem cells can be successfully maintained in weekend-free culture systems. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:247-257. [PMID: 38171744 PMCID: PMC10963097 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) can provide useful insights into novel therapies in both veterinary and medical fields. However, limited accessibility to the present culture medium and requirement of considerable time, effort, and cost for routine ciPSC maintenance restrict advancement in ciPSC research. In addition, it is unknown whether ciPSC culture conditions influence differentiation propensity. We investigated the availability of the common human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) culture systems for ciPSC maintenance and the differentiation propensities of the ciPSCs maintained in these culture systems. StemFlex and mTeSR Plus supported PSC-like colony formation and pluripotency markers expression in ciPSCs even after five passages. Additionally, ciPSCs were maintained under weekend-free culture conditions with a stable growth rate, pluripotency marker expression, and differentiation abilities using vitronectin (VTN-N) and Geltrex. Following maintenance of spontaneously differentiated ciPSCs under various conditions by embryoid body formation, there were few differences in the differentiation propensities of ciPSCs among the tested culture conditions. Thus, ciPSCs were successfully cultured under weekend-free conditions for ciPSC maintenance using StemFlex or mTeSR Plus with VTN-N or Geltrex. The present study offers simpler and more effort-, time-, and cost-saving options for ciPSC culture systems, which may lead to further development in research using ciPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto KIMURA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroya NAGAKURA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya TSUKAMOTO
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi YOSHIDA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko SUGISAKI
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei SHISHIDA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta TACHI
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko SHIMASAKI
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kikuya SUGIURA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo HATOYA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Johnson BB, Cosson MV, Tsansizi LI, Holmes TL, Gilmore T, Hampton K, Song OR, Vo NTN, Nasir A, Chabronova A, Denning C, Peffers MJ, Merry CLR, Whitelock J, Troeberg L, Rushworth SA, Bernardo AS, Smith JGW. Perlecan (HSPG2) promotes structural, contractile, and metabolic development of human cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113668. [PMID: 38198277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan similar to agrin, is key for extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation and stabilization. Although crucial for cardiac development, its role remains elusive. We show that perlecan expression increases as cardiomyocytes mature in vivo and during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). Perlecan-haploinsuffient hPSCs (HSPG2+/-) differentiate efficiently, but late-stage CMs have structural, contractile, metabolic, and ECM gene dysregulation. In keeping with this, late-stage HSPG2+/- hPSC-CMs have immature features, including reduced ⍺-actinin expression and increased glycolytic metabolism and proliferation. Moreover, perlecan-haploinsuffient engineered heart tissues have reduced tissue thickness and force generation. Conversely, hPSC-CMs grown on a perlecan-peptide substrate are enlarged and display increased nucleation, typical of hypertrophic growth. Together, perlecan appears to play the opposite role of agrin, promoting cellular maturation rather than hyperplasia and proliferation. Perlecan signaling is likely mediated via its binding to the dystroglycan complex. Targeting perlecan-dependent signaling may help reverse the phenotypic switch common to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Johnson
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Marie-Victoire Cosson
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenza I Tsansizi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terri L Holmes
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | - Katherine Hampton
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Ok-Ryul Song
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; High-Throughput Screening Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aishah Nasir
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alzbeta Chabronova
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Whitelock
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - James G W Smith
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
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5
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Ding S, Zhang R, Zhang P, Shi J, Liu L, Li J, Zhang R, Wu F, Zhou P. The application of quantitative telomerase activity measurement as an important indicator to monitor the cardiomyocyte differentiation process of human induced pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149150. [PMID: 37939503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The construction of an in vitro differentiation system for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has made exciting progress, but it is still of great significance to clarify the differentiation process. The use of conventional genetic and protein-labeled microscopes to observe or detect different stages of hiPSC differentiation is not specific enough and is cumbersome and time-consuming. In this study, in addition to analyzing the expression of gene/protein-related markers, we used a previously reported simple and excellent quantitative method of cellular telomerase activity based on a quartz crystal microbalance (TREAQ) device to monitor the dynamic changes in cellular telomerase activity in hiPSCs during myocardial differentiation under chemically defined conditions. Finally, by integrating these results, we analyzed the relationship between telomerase activity and the expression of marker genes/proteins as well as the cell type at each study time point. This dynamic quantitative measurement of cellular telomerase activity should be a promising indicator for monitoring dynamic changes in a stage of hiPSC differentiation and inducing cell types. This study provided a quantitative, dynamic and simple monitoring index for the in vitro differentiation process of hiPSC-CMs, which was a certain reference value for the optimization and improvement of the induction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Ding
- Department of Pain Treatment, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongzhi Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No.222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No.222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No.222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No.222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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6
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Kim S, Kang GH, Lim KM, Shin Y, Song K, Park S, An J, Kim DY, Shin HC, Cho SG. Thermostable Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (TS-bFGF) Engineered with a Disulfide Bond Demonstrates Superior Culture Outcomes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:888. [PMID: 37372172 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into various tissues and are an essential source of various disease models and therapeutics. Various growth factors are required in order to culture pluripotent stem cells, among which basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is essential for maintaining stem cell ability. However, bFGF has a short half-life (8 h) under normal mammalian cell culture conditions, and its activity decreases after 72 h, posing a serious problem in the production of high-quality stem cells. Here, we evaluated the various functions of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by utilizing an engineered thermostable bFGF (TS-bFGF) that is thermally stable and maintains activity longer under mammalian culture conditions. PSCs cultured with TS-bFGF showed better proliferation, stemness, morphology, and differentiation than cells cultured with wild-type bFGF. In light of the importance of stem cells in a wide range of applications in the medical and biotechnology fields, we anticipate that TS-bFGF, as a thermostable and long-acting bFGF, can play a key role in securing high-quality stem cells through various sets of stem cell culture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeokyung Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonwoo Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangrok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyub An
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- PnP Biopharm Co., Ltd., 1304, Acetechnotower 8-cha, 11 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Cheol Shin
- PnP Biopharm Co., Ltd., 1304, Acetechnotower 8-cha, 11 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Loda A, Calza S, Giacomini A, Ravelli C, Krishna Chandran AM, Tobia C, Tabellini G, Parolini S, Semeraro F, Ronca R, Rezzola S. FGF-trapping hampers cancer stem-like cells in uveal melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:89. [PMID: 37165394 PMCID: PMC10173517 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and relapse. Recently, CSCs have been identified in Uveal Melanoma (UM), which represents the most common primary tumor of the eye. UM is highly resistant to systemic chemotherapy and effective therapies aimed at improving overall survival of patients are eagerly required. METHODS Herein, taking advantage from a pan Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-trap molecule, we singled out and analyzed a UM-CSC subset with marked stem-like properties. A hierarchical clustering of gene expression data publicly available on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed to identify patients' clusters. RESULTS By disrupting the FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR)-mediated signaling, we unmasked an FGF-sensitive UM population characterized by increased expression of numerous stemness-related transcription factors, enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and tumor-sphere formation capacity. Moreover, FGF inhibition deeply affected UM-CSC survival in vivo in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor graft assay, resulting in the reduction of tumor growth. At clinical level, hierarchical clustering of TCGA gene expression data revealed a strong correlation between FGFs/FGFRs and stemness-related genes, allowing the identification of three distinct clusters characterized by different clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence that the FGF/FGFR axis represents a master regulator of cancer stemness in primary UM tumors and point to anti-FGF treatments as a novel therapeutic strategy to hit the CSC component in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Loda
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Adwaid Manu Krishna Chandran
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Tobia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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8
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Bhat RA, Rafi H, Tardiolo G, Fazio F, Aragona F, Zumbo A, Coelho C, D'Alessandro E. The role of embryonic stem cells, transcription and growth factors in mammals: A review. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:102002. [PMID: 36549226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field. The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to possess natural pluripotency that confers the ability to differentiate into various tissues in vivo and in vitro. These notable characteristics can be useful for research and innovative applications, including biomedicine, agriculture and industry. Transcription factors play a crucial role in preserving stem cell self-renewal, whereas growth factors are involved in both growth and differentiation. However, to date, many questions concerning pluripotency, cellular differentiation regulator genes, and other molecules such as growth factors and their interactions in many mammalian species remain unresolved. The purpose of this review is to provide an overall review regarding the study of ESCs in mammals and briefly discuss the role of transcription and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Humera Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe Tardiolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zumbo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Clarisse Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Enrico D'Alessandro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
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9
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Lyra-Leite DM, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Ó, Wang M, Zhou Y, Cyganek L, Burridge PW. A review of protocols for human iPSC culture, cardiac differentiation, subtype-specification, maturation, and direct reprogramming. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101560. [PMID: 36035804 PMCID: PMC9405110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for the culture and cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, and later human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), have moved from a complex and uncontrolled systems to simplified and relatively robust protocols, using the knowledge and cues gathered at each step. HiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have proven to be a useful tool in human disease modelling, drug discovery, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. In this protocol review, we will highlight the evolution of protocols associated with hPSC culture, cardiomyocyte differentiation, sub-type specification, and cardiomyocyte maturation. We also discuss protocols for somatic cell direct reprogramming to cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Óscar Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Chen G, Yin S, Zeng H, Li H, Wan X. Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081151. [PMID: 36013330 PMCID: PMC9410528 DOI: 10.3390/life12081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a type of cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. The self-renewal of ESCs is regulated by factors including signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, cytokines, and small molecular compounds. Similarly, non-coding RNAs, small RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) also play an important role in the process. Functionally, the core transcription factors interact with helper transcription factors to activate the expression of genes that contribute to maintaining pluripotency, while suppressing the expression of differentiation-related genes. Additionally, cytokines such as leukemia suppressor factor (LIF) stimulate downstream signaling pathways and promote self-renewal of ESCs. Particularly, LIF binds to its receptor (LIFR/gp130) to trigger the downstream Jak-Stat3 signaling pathway. BMP4 activates the downstream pathway and acts in combination with Jak-Stat3 to promote pluripotency of ESCs in the absence of serum. In addition, activation of the Wnt-FDZ signaling pathway has been observed to facilitate the self-renewal of ESCs. Small molecule modulator proteins of the pathway mentioned above are widely used in in vitro culture of stem cells. Multiple epigenetic regulators are involved in the maintenance of ESCs self-renewal, making the epigenetic status of ESCs a crucial factor in this process. Similarly, non-coding RNAs and cellular energetics have been described to promote the maintenance of the ESC's self-renewal. These factors regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs by forming signaling networks. This review focused on the role of major transcription factors, signaling pathways, small molecular compounds, epigenetic regulators, non-coding RNAs, and cellular energetics in ESC's self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Shasha Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
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11
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Du X, McManus DP, Fogarty CE, Jones MK, You H. Schistosoma mansoni Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor A Orchestrates Multiple Functions in Schistosome Biology and in the Host-Parasite Interplay. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868077. [PMID: 35812433 PMCID: PMC9257043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play significant roles in driving the complex life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor A (SmFGFRA) is essential for maintaining the integrity of schistosome stem cells. Using immunolocalization, we demonstrated that SmFGFRA was distributed abundantly in germinal/stem cells of different S. mansoni life stages including eggs, miracidia, cercariae, schistosomula and adult worms. Indeed, SmFGFRA was also localized amply in embryonic cells and in the perinuclear region of immature eggs; von Lichtenberg's layer and the neural mass of mature eggs; the ciliated surface and neural mass of miracidia; the tegument cytosol of cercariae, schistosomula and adult worms; and was present in abundance in the testis and vitellaria of adult worms of S. mansoni. The distribution pattern of SmFGFRA illustrates the importance of this molecule in maintaining stem cells, development of the nervous and reproductive system of schistosomes, and in the host-parasite interplay. We showed SmFGFRA can bind human FGFs, activating the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway of adult worms in vitro. Inhibition of FGF signaling by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor BIBF 1120 significantly reduced egg hatching ability and affected the behavior of miracidia hatched from the treated eggs, emphasizing the importance of FGF signaling in driving the life cycle of S. mansoni. Our findings provide increased understanding of the complex schistosome life cycle and host-parasite interactions, indicating components of the FGF signaling pathway may represent promising targets for developing new interventions against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Du
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Conor E. Fogarty
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Hong You
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Haellman V, Pirkl M, Akmammedov A, Saxena P, Beerenwinkel N, Paro R, Teixeira AP, Fussenegger M. dCas9-mediated dysregulation of gene expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells during primitive streak differentiation. Metab Eng 2022; 73:70-81. [PMID: 35724832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-based systems have fundamentally transformed our ability to study and manipulate stem cells. We explored the possibility of using catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) from S. pyogenes as a platform for targeted epigenetic editing in stem cells to enhance the expression of the eomesodermin gene (EOMES) during differentiation. We observed, however, that the dCas9 protein itself exerts a potential non-specific effect in hiPSCs, affecting the cell's phenotype and gene expression patterns during subsequent directed differentiation. We show that this effect is specific to the condition when cells are cultured in medium that does not actively maintain the pluripotency network, and that the sgRNA-free apo-dCas9 protein itself influences endogenous gene expression. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that a significant number of genes involved in developmental processes and various other genes with non-overlapping biological functions are affected by dCas9 overexpression. This suggests a potential adverse phenotypic effect of dCas9 itself in hiPSCs, which could have implications for when and how CRISPR/Cas9-based tools can be used reliably and safely in pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Haellman
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pirkl
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arslan Akmammedov
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pratik Saxena
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Paro
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Palma Teixeira
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Masuzawa Y, Kitazawa M. Xeno-Free Materials for Stabilizing Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Enhancing Cell Proliferation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103687. [PMID: 35629712 PMCID: PMC9144957 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are widely considered important for developing novel regenerative therapies. A major challenge to the growth and proliferation of iPSCs is the maintenance of their undifferentiated status in xeno- and feeder-free conditions. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to contribute to the expansion of stem cells; however, bFGF is notoriously heat-labile and easily denatured. Here, we investigate the effects of a series of synthetic sulfated/sulfonated polymers and saccharides on the growth of iPSCs. We observed that these materials effectively prevented the reduction of bFGF levels in iPSC culture media during storage at 37 °C. Some of the tested materials also suppressed heat-induced decline in medium performance and maintained cell proliferation. Our results suggest that these sulfated materials can be used to improve the expansion culture of undifferentiated iPSCs and show the potential of cost effective, chemically defined materials for improvement of medium performance while culturing iPSCs.
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14
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Cloutier M, Kumar S, Buttigieg E, Keller L, Lee B, Williams A, Mojica-Perez S, Erliandri I, Rocha AMD, Cadigan K, Smith GD, Kalantry S. Preventing erosion of X-chromosome inactivation in human embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2516. [PMID: 35523820 PMCID: PMC9076865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation is a paradigm of epigenetic transcriptional regulation. Female human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) often undergo erosion of X-inactivation upon prolonged culture. Here, we investigate the sources of X-inactivation instability by deriving new primed pluripotent hESC lines. We find that culture media composition dramatically influenced the expression of XIST lncRNA, a key regulator of X-inactivation. hESCs cultured in a defined xenofree medium stably maintained XIST RNA expression and coating, whereas hESCs cultured in the widely used mTeSR1 medium lost XIST RNA expression. We pinpointed lithium chloride in mTeSR1 as a cause of XIST RNA loss. The addition of lithium chloride or inhibitors of GSK-3 proteins that are targeted by lithium to the defined hESC culture medium impeded XIST RNA expression. GSK-3 inhibition in differentiating female mouse embryonic stem cells and epiblast stem cells also resulted in a loss of XIST RNA expression. Together, these data may reconcile observed variations in X-inactivation in hESCs and inform the faithful culture of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Cloutier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emily Buttigieg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura Keller
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aaron Williams
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sandra Mojica-Perez
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Indri Erliandri
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro Da Rocha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Smith
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sundeep Kalantry
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Bioengineering Outlook on Cultivated Meat Production. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030402. [PMID: 35334693 PMCID: PMC8950996 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat (also referred to as cultivated meat or cell-based meat)—CM—is fabricated through the process of cellular agriculture (CA), which entails application of bioengineering, i.e., tissue engineering (TE) principles to the production of food. The main TE principles include usage of cells, grown in a controlled environment provided by bioreactors and cultivation media supplemented with growth factors and other needed nutrients and signaling molecules, and seeded onto the immobilization elements—microcarriers and scaffolds that provide the adhesion surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offer 3D organization for multiple cell types. Theoretically, many solutions from regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering can be applied in CM-TE, i.e., CA. However, in practice, there are a number of specificities regarding fabrication of a CM product that needs to fulfill not only the majority of functional criteria of muscle and fat TE, but also has to possess the sensory and nutritional qualities of a traditional food component, i.e., the meat it aims to replace. This is the reason that bioengineering aimed at CM production needs to be regarded as a specific scientific discipline of a multidisciplinary nature, integrating principles from biomedical engineering as well as from food manufacturing, design and development, i.e., food engineering. An important requirement is also the need to use as little as possible of animal-derived components in the whole CM bioprocess. In this review, we aim to present the current knowledge on different bioengineering aspects, pertinent to different current scientific disciplines but all relevant for CM engineering, relevant for muscle TE, including different cell sources, bioreactor types, media requirements, bioprocess monitoring and kinetics and their modifications for use in CA, all in view of their potential for efficient CM bioprocess scale-up. We believe such a review will offer a good overview of different bioengineering strategies for CM production and will be useful to a range of interested stakeholders, from students just entering the CA field to experienced researchers looking for the latest innovations in the field.
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16
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Torizal FG, Lau QY, Ibuki M, Kawai Y, Horikawa M, Minami M, Michiue T, Horiguchi I, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. A miniature dialysis-culture device allows high-density human-induced pluripotent stem cells expansion from growth factor accumulation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1316. [PMID: 34799690 PMCID: PMC8604949 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional aggregate-suspension culture is a potential biomanufacturing method to produce a large number of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, the use of expensive growth factors and method-induced mechanical stress potentially result in inefficient production costs and difficulties in preserving pluripotency, respectively. Here, we developed a simple, miniaturized, dual-compartment dialysis-culture device based on a conventional membrane-culture insert with deep well plates. The device improved cell expansion up to approximately ~3.2 to 4×107 cells/mL. The high-density expansion was supported by reduction of excessive shear stress and agglomeration mediated by the addition of the functional polymer FP003. The results revealed accumulation of several growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin, along with endogenous Nodal, which acts as a substitute for depleted transforming growth factor-β1 in maintaining pluripotency. Because we used the same growth-factor formulation per volume in the upper culture compartment, the cost reduced in inverse proportional manner with the cell density. We showed that growth-factor-accumulation dynamics in a low-shear-stress environment successfully improved hiPSC proliferation, pluripotency, and differentiation potential. This miniaturised dialysis-culture system demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective mass production of hiPSCs in high-density culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Qiao You Lau
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Ibuki
- grid.410860.b0000 0000 9776 0030Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kawai
- grid.410860.b0000 0000 9776 0030Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Horikawa
- grid.420062.20000 0004 1763 4894Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Minami
- grid.420062.20000 0004 1763 4894Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Michiue
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Mojsa B, Tatham MH, Davidson L, Liczmanska M, Branigan E, Hay RT. Identification of SUMO Targets Associated With the Pluripotent State in Human Stem Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100164. [PMID: 34673284 PMCID: PMC8604812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of SUMO modification in the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells, we used ML792, a potent and selective inhibitor of SUMO Activating Enzyme. Treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cells with ML792 resulted in the loss of key pluripotency markers. To identify putative effector proteins and establish sites of SUMO modification, cells were engineered to stably express either SUMO1 or SUMO2 with C-terminal TGG to KGG mutations that facilitate GlyGly-K peptide immunoprecipitation and identification. A total of 976 SUMO sites were identified in 427 proteins. STRING enrichment created three networks of proteins with functions in regulation of gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, and RNA splicing, although the latter two categories represented only 5% of the total GGK peptide intensity. The rest have roles in transcription and the regulation of chromatin structure. Many of the most heavily SUMOylated proteins form a network of zinc-finger transcription factors centered on TRIM28 and associated with silencing of retroviral elements. At the level of whole proteins, there was only limited evidence for SUMO paralogue-specific modification, although at the site level there appears to be a preference for SUMO2 modification over SUMO1 in acidic domains. We show that SUMO influences the pluripotent state in hiPSCs and identify many chromatin-associated proteins as bona fide SUMO substrates in human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mojsa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Magda Liczmanska
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Emma Branigan
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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18
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Chiappini C, Chen Y, Aslanoglou S, Mariano A, Mollo V, Mu H, De Rosa E, He G, Tasciotti E, Xie X, Santoro F, Zhao W, Voelcker NH, Elnathan R. Tutorial: using nanoneedles for intracellular delivery. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4539-4563. [PMID: 34426708 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the cell. Efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and nanoparticles is crucial for clinical adoption of emerging technologies that can benefit disease treatment through gene and cell therapy. Nanoneedles are arrays of vertical high-aspect-ratio nanostructures that can precisely manipulate complex processes at the cell interface, enabling effective intracellular delivery. This emerging technology has already enabled the development of efficient and non-destructive routes for direct access to intracellular environments and delivery of cell-impermeant payloads. However, successful implementation of this technology requires knowledge of several scientific fields, making it complex to access and adopt by researchers who are not directly involved in developing nanoneedle platforms. This presents an obstacle to the widespread adoption of nanoneedle technologies for drug delivery. This tutorial aims to equip researchers with the knowledge required to develop a nanoinjection workflow. It discusses the selection of nanoneedle devices, approaches for cargo loading and strategies for interfacing to biological systems and summarises an array of bioassays that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Mariano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Huanwen Mu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Hospital, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Sclavo Pharma, Siena, Italy
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Cho Y, Baek J, Lee E, Im SG. Heparin-mediated electrostatic immobilization of bFGF via functional polymer films for enhanced self-renewal of human neural stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2084-2091. [PMID: 33595038 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02799e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preserving the self-renewal capability of undifferentiated human neural stem cells (hNSCs) is one of the crucial prerequisites for efficient hNSC-based regenerative medicine. Considering that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is one of the key contributing factors in maintaining the self-renewal property of hNSCs, the bioactivity and stability of bFGF in the hNSC culture should be regulated carefully. In this study, we developed a functional polymer film of poly(glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-co-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)) (coGD, or p(GMA-co-DMAEMA)) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), which facilitated a stable, electrostatic adsorption of heparin and subsequent immobilization of bFGF. The bFGF-immobilized coGD surface substantially enhanced the proliferation rate and neurosphere forming ability of hNSCs compared to tissue culture plate (TCP). The expression of the stemness markers of hNSCs such as NESTIN and SOX-2 was also upregulated prominently on the coGD surface. Also, the hNSCs cultured on the coGD surface showed enhanced neurogenesis upon spontaneous differentiation. The immobilized bFGF on the coGD surface stimulated the expression of bFGF receptors and subsequently activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, attributed to the increase in self-renewal property of hNSCs. Our results indicate that the coGD surface allowed in situ heparin-mediated bFGF immobilization, which served as a robust platform to generate hNSC neurospheres with enhanced self-renewal and differentiation capabilities and thereby will prompt an advance in the field of therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jieung Baek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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20
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DJ-1 Can Replace FGF-2 for Long-Term Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Defined Media and Feeder-Free Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115954. [PMID: 34073063 PMCID: PMC8197809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures require high concentrations of expensive human fibroblast growth factor 2 (hFGF-2) for hPSC self-renewal and pluripotency in defined media for long-term culture. The thermal instability of the hFGF-2 mandates media change every day, which makes hPSC culture costly and cumbersome. Human DJ-1 (hDJ-1) can bind to and stimulate FGF receptor-1. In this study, for the first time, we have replaced hFGF-2 with hDJ-1 in the essential eight media and maintained the human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), H9, in the defined media at feeder-free condition. After more than ten passages, H9 in both groups still successfully maintained the typical hESC morphology and high protein levels of pluripotency markers, SSEA4, Tra1-60, Oct4, Nanog, and ALP. DNA microarray revealed that more than 97% of the 21,448 tested genes, including the pluripotency markers, Sox2, Nanog, Klf4, Lin28A, Lin28B, and Myc, have similar mRNA levels between the two groups. Karyotyping revealed no chromosome abnormalities in both groups. They also differentiated sufficiently into three germ layers by forming in vitro EBs and in vivo teratomas. There were some variations in the RT-qPCR assay of several pluripotency markers. The proliferation rates and the mitochondria of both groups were also different. Taken together, we conclude that hDJ-1 can replace hFGF-2 in maintaining the self-renewal and the pluripotency of hESCs in feeder-free conditions.
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21
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Fojtík P, Beckerová D, Holomková K, Šenfluk M, Rotrekl V. Both Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and MAPK Signaling Pathway Attenuate PI3K/AKT via Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:607444. [PMID: 33553145 PMCID: PMC7859355 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hypoxia (5% O2) as well as FGFR1-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and MAPK signaling pathways markedly support pluripotency in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This study demonstrates that the pluripotency-promoting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is surprisingly attenuated in mild hypoxia compared to the 21% O2 environment. Hypoxia is known to be associated with lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are recognized as intracellular second messengers capable of upregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our data denote that ROS downregulation results in pluripotency upregulation and PI3K/AKT attenuation in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)-dependent manner in hPSCs. Using specific MAPK inhibitors, we show that the MAPK pathway also downregulates ROS and therefore attenuates the PI3K/AKT signaling—this represents a novel interaction between these signaling pathways. This inhibition of ROS initiated by MEK1/2–ERK1/2 may serve as a negative feedback loop from the MAPK pathway toward FGFR1 and PI3K/AKT activation. We further describe the molecular mechanism resulting in PI3K/AKT upregulation in hPSCs—ROS inhibit the PI3K's primary antagonist PTEN and upregulate FGFR1 phosphorylation. These novel regulatory circuits utilizing ROS as second messengers may contribute to the development of enhanced cultivation and differentiation protocols for hPSCs. Since the PI3K/AKT pathway often undergoes an oncogenic transformation, our data could also provide new insights into the regulation of cancer stem cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Fojtík
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katerina Holomková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Šenfluk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
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22
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Torizal FG, Choi H, Shinohara M, Sakai Y. Efficient High-Density hiPSCs Expansion in Simple Dialysis Device. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:83-94. [PMID: 33856661 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
iPSCs are potential cell types that can be used for regenerative medicine. Suspension culture is the main approach to produce a sufficient amount of required cells to realize the application of hiPSCs for the transplantation of the large organ. The dialysis culture system holds the potential to reduce the cost by utilizing endogenous growth factors and recycle the remaining exogenous growth factors at the same time. However, the current large scale dialysis culture system was not optimized for expanding the high-density culture. Several problems such as the requirement of the large volume and technical complexity make the optimization of this system remain challenging. Also, the interference of mechanical stress in the dynamic suspension culture may reduce cellular viability, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity. Here, we describe the simple miniaturized dialysis platform to evaluate the feasibility of high-density hiPSCs culture by combining the utilization of endogenous growth factors supported by a continuous exchange of nutrition and toxic metabolic product in a low mechanical stress culture environment in a viscoelastic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hyunjin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Kolagar TA, Farzaneh M, Nikkar N, Khoshnam SE. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potentials, Advances and Limitations. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:102-110. [PMID: 31441732 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823142911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive and uncontrolled gradual loss of motor neurons function or death of neuron cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the mechanisms underlying their progressive nature remain elusive. There is urgent need to investigate therapeutic strategies and novel treatments for neural regeneration in disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, the development and identification of pluripotent stem cells enabling the acquisition of a large number of neural cells in order to improve cell recovery after neurodegenerative disorders. Pluripotent stem cells which consist of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are characterized by their ability to indefinitely self-renew and the capacity to differentiate into different types of cells. The first human ESC lines were established from donated human embryos; while, because of a limited supply of donor embryos, human ESCs derivation remains ethically and politically controversial. Hence, hiPSCs-based therapies have been shown as an effective replacement for human ESCs without embryo destruction. Compared to the invasive methods for derivation of human ESCs, human iPSCs has opened possible to reprogram patient-specific cells by defined factors and with minimally invasive procedures. Human pluripotent stem cells are a good source for cell-based research, cell replacement therapies and disease modeling. To date, hundreds of human ESC and human iPSC lines have been generated with the aim of treating various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have highlighted the recent potentials, advances, and limitations of human pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Akbari Kolagar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nikkar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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24
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Khalil AS, Xie AW, Johnson HJ, Murphy WL. Sustained release and protein stabilization reduce the growth factor dosage required for human pluripotent stem cell expansion. Biomaterials 2020; 248:120007. [PMID: 32302801 PMCID: PMC8445021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Translation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived therapies to the clinic demands scalable, cost-effective methods for cell expansion. Culture media currently used for hPSC expansion rely on high concentrations and frequent supplementation of recombinant growth factors due to their short half-life at physiological temperatures. Here, we developed a biomaterial strategy using mineral-coated microparticles (MCMs) to sustain delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a thermolabile protein critical for hPSC pluripotency and proliferation. We show that the MCMs stabilize bFGF against thermally induced activity loss and provide more efficient sustained release of active growth factor compared to polymeric carriers commonly used for growth factor delivery. Using a statistically driven optimization approach called Design of Experiments, we generated a bFGF-loaded MCM formulation that supported hPSC expansion over 25 passages without the need for additional bFGF supplementation to the media, resulting in greater than 80% reduction in bFGF usage compared to standard approaches. This materials-based strategy to stabilize and sustain delivery of a thermolabile growth factor has broad potential to reduce costs associated with recombinant protein supplements in scalable biomanufacturing of emerging cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hunter J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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25
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Godoy-Parejo C, Deng C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen G. Roles of vitamins in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1771-1791. [PMID: 31676963 PMCID: PMC11104807 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can differentiate to diverse cell types in our body, and they hold great promises in both basic research and clinical therapies. For specific stem cell types, distinctive nutritional and signaling components are required to maintain the proliferation capacity and differentiation potential in cell culture. Various vitamins play essential roles in stem cell culture to modulate cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Besides their common nutritional functions, specific vitamins are recently shown to modulate signal transduction and epigenetics. In this article, we will first review classical vitamin functions in both somatic and stem cell cultures. We will then focus on how stem cells could be modulated by vitamins beyond their nutritional roles. We believe that a better understanding of vitamin functions will significantly benefit stem cell research, and help realize their potentials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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26
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Madsen RR. PI3K in stemness regulation: from development to cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:301-315. [PMID: 32010943 PMCID: PMC7054754 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is a key target in oncology where most efforts are focussed on phenotypes such as cell proliferation and survival. Comparatively, little attention has been paid to PI3K in stemness regulation, despite the emerging link between acquisition of stem cell-like features and therapeutic failure in cancer. The aim of this review is to summarise current known and unknowns of PI3K-dependent stemness regulation, by integrating knowledge from the fields of developmental, signalling and cancer biology. Particular attention is given to the role of the PI3K pathway in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and the emerging parallels to dedifferentiated cancer cells with stem cell-like features. Compelling evidence suggests that PI3K/AKT signalling forms part of a 'core molecular stemness programme' in both mouse and human PSCs. In cancer, the oncogenic PIK3CAH1047R variant causes constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway and has recently been linked to increased stemness in a dose-dependent manner, similar to observations in mouse PSCs with heterozygous versus homozygous Pten loss. There is also evidence that the stemness phenotype may become 'locked' and thus independent of the original PI3K activation, posing limitations for the success of PI3K monotherapy in cancer. Ongoing therapeutic developments for PI3K-associated cancers may therefore benefit from a better understanding of the pathway's two-layered and highly context-dependent regulation of cell growth versus stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa R. Madsen
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
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27
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Kuo HH, Gao X, DeKeyser JM, Fetterman KA, Pinheiro EA, Weddle CJ, Fonoudi H, Orman MV, Romero-Tejeda M, Jouni M, Blancard M, Magdy T, Epting CL, George AL, Burridge PW. Negligible-Cost and Weekend-Free Chemically Defined Human iPSC Culture. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:256-270. [PMID: 31928950 PMCID: PMC7013200 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) culture has become routine, yet the cost of pluripotent cell media, frequent medium changes, and the reproducibility of differentiation have remained restrictive. Here, we describe the formulation of a hiPSC culture medium (B8) as a result of the exhaustive optimization of medium constituents and concentrations, establishing the necessity and relative contributions of each component to the pluripotent state and cell proliferation. The reagents in B8 represent only 3% of the costs of commercial media, made possible primarily by the in-lab generation of three E. coli-expressed, codon-optimized recombinant proteins: fibroblast growth factor 2, transforming growth factor β3, and neuregulin 1. We demonstrate the derivation and culture of 34 hiPSC lines in B8 as well as the maintenance of pluripotency long term (over 100 passages). This formula also allows a weekend-free feeding schedule without sacrificing capacity for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean-Marc DeKeyser
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Ashley Fetterman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily A Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carly J Weddle
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael V Orman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marisol Romero-Tejeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Malorie Blancard
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Conrad L Epting
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Wamaitha SE, Grybel KJ, Alanis-Lobato G, Gerri C, Ogushi S, McCarthy A, Mahadevaiah SK, Healy L, Lea RA, Molina-Arcas M, Devito LG, Elder K, Snell P, Christie L, Downward J, Turner JMA, Niakan KK. IGF1-mediated human embryonic stem cell self-renewal recapitulates the embryonic niche. Nat Commun 2020; 11:764. [PMID: 32034154 PMCID: PMC7005693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the signalling pathways regulating early human development is limited, despite their fundamental biological importance. Here, we mine transcriptomics datasets to investigate signalling in the human embryo and identify expression for the insulin and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptors, along with IGF1 ligand. Consequently, we generate a minimal chemically-defined culture medium in which IGF1 together with Activin maintain self-renewal in the absence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. Under these conditions, we derive several pluripotent stem cell lines that express pluripotency-associated genes, retain high viability and a normal karyotype, and can be genetically modified or differentiated into multiple cell lineages. We also identify active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signalling in early human embryos, and in both primed and naïve pluripotent culture conditions. This demonstrates that signalling insights from human blastocysts can be used to define culture conditions that more closely recapitulate the embryonic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissy E Wamaitha
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katarzyna J Grybel
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gregorio Alanis-Lobato
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sugako Ogushi
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Afshan McCarthy
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Lyn Healy
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca A Lea
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Liani G Devito
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kay Elder
- Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge, CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Phil Snell
- Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge, CB23 2TN, UK
| | | | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James M A Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kathy K Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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29
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Li QV, Rosen BP, Huangfu D. Decoding pluripotency: Genetic screens to interrogate the acquisition, maintenance, and exit of pluripotency. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1464. [PMID: 31407519 PMCID: PMC6898739 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to unlimitedly self-renew and differentiate to any somatic cell lineage. A number of systems biology approaches have been used to define this pluripotent state. Complementary to systems level characterization, genetic screens offer a unique avenue to functionally interrogate the pluripotent state and identify the key players in pluripotency acquisition and maintenance, exit of pluripotency, and lineage differentiation. Here we review how genetic screens have helped us decode pluripotency regulation. We will summarize results from RNA interference (RNAi) based screens, discuss recent advances in CRISPR/Cas-based genetic perturbation methods, and how these advances have made it possible to more comprehensively interrogate pluripotency and differentiation through genetic screens. Such investigations will not only provide a better understanding of this unique developmental state, but may enhance our ability to use pluripotent stem cells as an experimental model to study human development and disease progression. Functional interrogation of pluripotency also provides a valuable roadmap for utilizing genetic perturbation to gain systems level understanding of additional cellular states, from later stages of development to pathological disease states. This article is categorized under: Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing V. Li
- Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bess P. Rosen
- Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences at Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Sabbah N, Tamari T, Elimelech R, Doppelt O, Rudich U, Zigdon-Giladi H. Predicting Angiogenesis by Endothelial Progenitor Cells Relying on In-Vitro Function Assays and VEGFR-2 Expression Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110717. [PMID: 31717420 PMCID: PMC6921061 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) therapy in various diseases. Since EPCs' functions are influenced by genetic, systemic and environmental factors, the therapeutic potential of each individual EPCs is unknown and may affect treatment outcome. Therefore, our aim was to compare EPCs function among healthy donors in order to predict blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) before autologous EPC transplantation. Human EPCs were isolated from the blood of ten volunteers. EPCs proliferation rate, chemoattractant ability, and CXCR4 mRNA levels were different among donors (p < 0.0001, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). A positive correlation was found between SDF-1, CXCR4, and EPCs proliferation (R = 0.736, p < 0.05 and R = 0.8, p < 0.01, respectively). In-vivo, blood vessels were counted ten days after EPCs transplantation in a subcutaneous mouse model. Mean vessel density was different among donors (p = 0.0001); nevertheless, donors with the lowest vessel densities were higher compared to control (p < 0.05). Finally, using a linear regression model, a mathematical equation was generated to predict blood vessel density relying on: (i) EPCs chemoattractivity, and (ii) VEGFR-2 mRNA levels. Results reveal differences in EPCs functions among healthy individuals, emphasizing the need for a potency assay to pave the way for standardized research and clinical use of human EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Sabbah
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109600, Israel; (N.S.); (T.T.); (R.E.); (O.D.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Tal Tamari
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109600, Israel; (N.S.); (T.T.); (R.E.); (O.D.)
| | - Rina Elimelech
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109600, Israel; (N.S.); (T.T.); (R.E.); (O.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ofri Doppelt
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109600, Israel; (N.S.); (T.T.); (R.E.); (O.D.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Utai Rudich
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109600, Israel; (N.S.); (T.T.); (R.E.); (O.D.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-854-3606
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Godoy‐Parejo C, Deng C, Liu W, Chen G. Insulin Stimulates PI3K/AKT and Cell Adhesion to Promote the Survival of Individualized Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1030-1041. [PMID: 31021484 PMCID: PMC6852186 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is present in most maintenance media for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but little is known about its essential role in the cell survival of individualized cells during passage. In this article, we show that insulin suppresses caspase cleavage and apoptosis after dissociation. Insulin activates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor and PI3K/AKT cascade to promote cell survival and its function is independent of rho-associated protein kinase regulation. During niche reformation after passaging, insulin activates integrin that is essential for cell survival. IGF receptor colocalizes with focal adhesion complex and stimulates protein phosphorylation involved in focal adhesion formation. Insulin promotes cell spreading on matrigel-coated surfaces and suppresses myosin light chain phosphorylation. Further study showed that insulin is also required for the cell survival on E-cadherin coated surface and in suspension, indicating its essential role in cell-cell adhesion. This work highlights insulin's complex roles in signal transduction and niche re-establishment in hESCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:1030-1041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy‐Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
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Generation of pig induced pluripotent stem cells using an extended pluripotent stem cell culture system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:193. [PMID: 31248457 PMCID: PMC6598264 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pigs have emerged as one of the most popular large animal models in biomedical research, which in many cases is considered as a superior choice over rodent models. In addition, transplantation studies using pig pluripotent stem (PS) cell derivatives may serve as a testbed for safety and efficacy prior to human trials. Recently, it has been shown that mouse and human PS cells cultured in LCDM (recombinant human LIF, CHIR 99021, (S)-(+)-dimethindene maleate, minocycline hydrochloride) medium exhibited extended developmental potential (designated as extended pluripotent stem cells, or EPS cells), which could generate both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in chimeric mouse conceptus. Whether stable pig induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated in LCDM medium and their chimeric competency remains unknown. Methods iPS cells were generated by infecting pig pericytes (PC) and embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) with a retroviral vector encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc reprogramming factors and subsequently cultured in a modified LCDM medium. The pluripotency of PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells was characterized by examining the expression of pluripotency-related transcription factors and surface markers, transcriptome analysis, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities. Chimeric contribution of PC-iPS cells to mouse and pig conceptus was also evaluated with fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and PCR analysis. Results In this study, using a modified version of the LCDM medium, we successfully generated iPS cells from both PCs and PEFs. Both PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells maintained the stable “dome-shaped” morphology and genome stability after long-term culture. The immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that both PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells expressed OCT4, SOX2, and SALL4, but only PC-iPS cells expressed NANOG and TRA-1-81 (faint). PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells could be differentiated into cell derivatives of all three primary germ layers in vitro. The transcriptome analysis showed that PEF-iPS and PC-iPS cells clustered with pig ICM, Heatmap and volcano plot showed that there were 1475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells (adjusted p value < 0.1), and the numbers of upregulated genes and downregulated genes in PC-iPS cells were 755 and 720, respectively. Upregulated genes were enriched with GO terms including regulation of stem cell differentiation, proliferation, development, and maintenance. And KEGG pathway enrichment in upregulated genes revealed Wnt, Jak-STAT, TGF-β, P53, and MAPK stem cell signaling pathways. Fluorescence microscopy and genomic PCR analyses using pig mtDNA-specific and GFP primers showed that the PC-iPS cell derivatives could be detected in both mouse and pig pre-implantation blastocysts and post-implantation conceptuses. Quantitative analysis via flow cytometry revealed that the chimeric contribution of pig PC-iPS cells in mouse conceptus was up to 0.04%. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that stable iPS cells could be generated in LCDM medium, which could give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic cells in vivo. However, the efficiency and level of chimeric contribution of pig LCDM-iPS cells were found low. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1303-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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The Role of Ubiquitination in Regulating Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112667. [PMID: 31151253 PMCID: PMC6600158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates nearly every aspect of cellular events in eukaryotes. It modifies intracellular proteins with 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub) and destines them for proteolysis or activity alteration. Ubiquitination is generally achieved by a tri-enzyme machinery involving ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3). E1 activates Ub and transfers it to the active cysteine site of E2 via a transesterification reaction. E3 coordinates with E2 to mediate isopeptide bond formation between Ub and substrate protein. The E1-E2-E3 cascade can create diverse types of Ub modifications, hence effecting distinct outcomes on the substrate proteins. Dysregulation of ubiquitination results in severe consequences and human diseases. There include cancers, developmental defects and immune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the ubiquitination machinery and discuss the recent progresses in the ubiquitination-mediated regulation of embryonic stem cell maintenance and cancer biology.
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Abazari MF, Soleimanifar F, Enderami SE, Nematzadeh M, Nasiri N, Nejati F, Saburi E, Khodashenas S, Darbasizadeh B, Khani MM, Ghoraeian P. Incorporated‐bFGF polycaprolactone/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite scaffold promotes human induced pluripotent stem cells osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16750-16759. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Molecular and Cell biology Research Center Faculty of Medicine and Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Mahsa Nematzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elit Club, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Navid Nasiri
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nejati
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Immunogenetics and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Shabanali Khodashenas
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Behzad Darbasizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Pegah Ghoraeian
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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35
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Fujino S, Ito A, Ohue M, Yasui M, Mizushima T, Doki Y, Mori M, Miyoshi N. Phenotypic heterogeneity of 2D organoid reflects clinical tumor characteristics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:332-339. [PMID: 30955861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Unlike cancer cell lines, tumors and primary cultured cells exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity. Although methods for establishing organoids within three-dimensional (3D) gels are well-known, the growth is slower than that of two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells and many niche factors need to be added. In this study, we established primary cultured organoid in 2D culture (2D organoid; 2DO) in a reproducible manner and with clinical phenotypic heterogeneity. The 2DO contained cancer stem cells (CSCs) expressing CD44 and CD133. The addition of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β as niche factors was necessary to establish the 2DO and maintain the CSC population. The established 2DO showed sufficient proliferation, and the culture could be transferred to the 3D culture. Morphological analysis of the xenograft induced by 2DO reflected parental tumor differentiation, and gene expression in the 2DO was similar to that in the parental tumor. In vitro drug sensitivity analysis using the 2DO reflected individual clinical courses. The 2DO is an in vitro personal cancer model, and the results of the drug sensitivity assessment may be useful for introducing clinical chemotherapy agents in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Fujino
- Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aya Ito
- Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yasui
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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36
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Haghighi F, Dahlmann J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Lang A, Kutschka I, Zenker M, Kensah G, Piekorz RP, Ahmadian MR. bFGF-mediated pluripotency maintenance in human induced pluripotent stem cells is associated with NRAS-MAPK signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:96. [PMID: 30518391 PMCID: PMC6282345 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) open new windows for basic research and regenerative medicine due to their remarkable properties, i.e. their ability to self-renew indefinitely and being pluripotent. There are different, conflicting data related to the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in intracellular signal transduction and the regulation of pluripotency of PSCs. Here, we investigated the effect of bFGF and its downstream pathways in pluripotent vs. differentiated human induced (hi) PSCs. METHODS bFGF downstream signaling pathways were investigated in long-term culture of hiPSCs from pluripotent to differentiated state (withdrawing bFGF) using immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry and qPCR. Subcellular distribution of signaling components were investigated by simple fractionation and immunoblotting upon bFGF stimulation. Finally, RAS activity and RAS isoforms were studied using RAS assays both after short- and long-term culture in response to bFGF stimulation. RESULTS Our results revealed that hiPSCs were differentiated into the ectoderm lineage upon withdrawing bFGF as an essential pluripotency mediator. Pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG were downregulated, following a drastic decrease in MAPK pathway activity levels. Notably, a remarkable increase in phosphorylation levels of p38 and JAK/STAT3 was observed in differentiated hiPSCs, while the PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways remained active during differentiation. Our data further indicate that among the RAS paralogs, NRAS predominantly activates the MAPK pathway in hiPSCs. CONCLUSION Collectively, the MAPK pathway appears to be the prime signaling pathway downstream of bFGF for maintaining pluripotency in hiPSCs and among the MAPK pathways, the activity of NRAS-RAF-MEK-ERK is decreased during differentiation, whereas p38 is activated and JNK remains constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Clinic, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Present address: Department of Urology, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Clinic, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - George Kensah
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Clinic, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Dakhore S, Nayer B, Hasegawa K. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture: Current Status, Challenges, and Advancement. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7396905. [PMID: 30595701 PMCID: PMC6282144 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7396905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have gained attention due to their pluripotent and proliferative ability which enables production of almost all cell types in the human body in vitro and makes them an excellent tool to study human embryogenesis and disease, as well as for drug discovery and cell transplantation therapies. Discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) further expanded therapeutic applications of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). hPSCs provide a stable and unlimited original cell source for producing suitable cells and tissues for downstream applications. Therefore, engineering the environment in which these cells are grown, for stable and quality-controlled hPSC maintenance and production, is one of the key factors governing the success of these applications. hPSCs are maintained in a particular niche using specific cell culture components. Ideally, the culture should be free of xenobiotic components to render hPSCs suitable for therapeutic applications. Substantial efforts have been put to identify effective components, and develop culture conditions and protocols, for their large-scale expansion without compromising on quality. In this review, we discuss different media, their components and functions, including specific requirements to maintain the pluripotent and proliferative ability of hPSCs. Understanding the role of culture components would enable the development of appropriate conditions to promote large-scale, quality-controlled expansion of hPSCs thereby increasing their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Dakhore
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
| | - Bhavana Nayer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Japan
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Liu D, Wang X, He D, Sun C, He X, Yan L, Li Y, Han JDJ, Zheng P. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the existence of naive and primed pluripotency in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos. Genome Res 2018; 28:1481-1493. [PMID: 30154223 PMCID: PMC6169889 DOI: 10.1101/gr.233437.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Naive pluripotency exists in epiblast cells of mouse pre-implantation embryos. However, whether the naive pluripotency is transient or nonexistent in primate embryos remains unclear. Using RNA-seq in single blastomeres from 16-cell embryos through to hatched blastocysts of rhesus monkey, we constructed the lineage segregation roadmap in which the specification of trophectoderm, epiblast, and primitive endoderm is initiated simultaneously at the early blastocyst stage. Importantly, we uncovered the existence of distinct pluripotent states in monkey pre-implantation embryos. At the early- and middle-blastocyst stages, the epiblast cells have the transcriptome features of naive pluripotency, whereas they display a continuum of primed pluripotency characteristics at the late and hatched blastocyst stages. Moreover, we identified potential regulators that might play roles in the transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Thus, our study suggests the transient existence of naive pluripotency in primates and proposes an ideal time window for derivation of primate embryonic stem cells with naive pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Dajian He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Chunli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiechao He
- Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Lanzhen Yan
- Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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Rodríguez Varela MS, Mucci S, Videla Richardson GA, Morris Hanon O, Furmento VA, Miriuka SG, Sevlever GE, Scassa ME, Romorini L. Regulation of cyclin E1 expression in human pluripotent stem cells and derived neural progeny. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1721-1744. [PMID: 29995582 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs and hiPSCs) show unique cell cycle characteristics, such as a short doubling time due to an abbreviated G1 phase. Whether or not the core cell cycle machinery directly regulates the stemness and/or the differentiation potential of hPSCs remains to be determined. To date, several scenarios describing the atypical cell cycle of hPSCs have been suggested, and therefore there is still controversy over how cyclins, master regulators of the cell cycle, are expressed and regulated. Furthermore, the cell cycle profile and the expression pattern of major cyclins in hESCs-derived neuroprogenitors (NP) have not been studied yet. Therefore, herein we characterized the expression pattern of major cyclins in hPSCs and NP. We determined that all studied cyclins mRNA expression levels fluctuate along cell cycle. Particularly, after a thorough analysis of synchronized cell populations, we observed that cyclin E1 mRNA levels increased sharply in G1/S concomitantly with cyclin E1 protein accumulation in hPSCs and NP. Additionally, we demonstrated that cyclin E1 mRNA expression levels involves the activation of MEK/ERK pathway and the transcription factors c-Myc and E2Fs in hPSCs. Lastly, our results reveal that proteasome mediates the marked down-regulation (degradation) of cyclin E1 protein observed in G2/M by a mechanism that requires a functional CDK2 but not GSK3β activity. ABBREVIATIONS hPSCs: human pluripotent stem cells; hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; NP: neuroprogenitors; HF: human foreskin fibroblasts; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; iMEFs: irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts; CDKs: cyclindependent kinases; CKIs: CDK inhibitors; CNS: central nervous system; Oct-4: Octamer-4; EB: embryoid body; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; cTnT: Cardiac Troponin T; MAP-2: microtubule-associated protein; TUJ-1: neuron-specific class III β-tubulin; bFGF: basic fibroblastic growth factor; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; KSR: knock out serum replacement; CM: iMEF conditioned medium; E8: Essential E8 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Rodríguez Varela
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Sofía Mucci
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Guillermo Agustín Videla Richardson
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Olivia Morris Hanon
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Verónica Alejandra Furmento
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Santiago Gabriel Miriuka
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gustavo Emilio Sevlever
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Elida Scassa
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
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40
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Synergistic effect of co-immobilized FGF-2 and vitronectin-derived peptide on feeder-free expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:157-169. [PMID: 30274048 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs) on mouse derived feeder layers or murine cells secretions such as Matrigel hamper their clinical applications. Alternative methods have introduced novel substrates as stem cell niches or/and optimized combinations of humanized soluble factors as fully defined mediums. Accordingly vitronectin as a main part of ECM have been commercialized significantly as a stem cell niche-forming substrate. In this work, we used a functional peptide derived from vitronectin (VTN) and co-immobilized it with FGF-2 (as an indisputable ingredient of defined culture mediums) on chitosan film surface. After chemical and physical characterization of the pristine chitosan surface as well as ones modified by VTN or/and FGF-2, h-iPS cells were cultured on them at the xeno/feeder-free conditions. Our results demonstrated that co-immobilization of these two biomolecules has a synergistic effect on adhesion and clonal growth of h-iPS cells with maintained expression of pluripotency markers in a FGF-2 density-dependent manner. This is the first report of co-immobilization of an ECM derived molecule and a growth factor for stem cell culture.
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41
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Teng CF, Jeng LB, Shyu WC. Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Signaling in Stem Cell Stemness and Therapeutic Efficacy. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1313-1319. [PMID: 29882416 PMCID: PMC6168993 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718779777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has emerged that stem cells represent a promising therapeutic tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thus, identifying functional markers for selecting stem cells capable of superior self-renewal and pluripotency (or multipotency) and maintaining stem cell identity under appropriate culture conditions are critical for guiding the use of stem cells toward clinical applications. Many investigations have implicated the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling in maintenance of stem cell characteristics and enhancement of stem cell therapy efficacy. IGF1R-expressing stem cells display robust pluripotent or multipotent properties. In this review, we summarize the essential roles of IGF1R signaling in self-renewal, pluripotency (or multipotency), and therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, cardiac stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, placental mesenchymal stem cells, and dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Modifying IGF1R signaling may thus provide potential strategies for maintaining stem cell properties and improving stem-cell-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- 2 Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Translational Medicine Research Center and Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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42
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Sun Y, Zhang X, Li H, Xu S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Han M, Wen J. Stemazole promotes survival and preserves stemness in human embryonic stem cells. FEBS J 2018; 285:531-541. [PMID: 29222853 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are extremely delicate, and survive poorly under suboptimal culture conditions, severely restricting long-term studies and practical applications. Thus, a protective agent that promotes stem cell survival is urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of stemazole in single-cell and starved hESC cultures. Colony formation was quantified by alkaline phosphatase and immunofluorescence staining, while apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Expression of hESC and other stem cell markers was evaluated by western blot, RT-PCR, and qPCR. We found that stemazole enhanced clonal expansion from single cells in dose-dependent fashion and clearly decreased apoptosis from 54.1% to 25.2%. Furthermore, the drug reduced apoptosis from 43.6% to 8.4% over 15 h of starvation, with 66% of stemazole-treated cells remaining viable after 2 weeks of starvation. Importantly, starved cells protected with stemazole retained the same proliferation and differentiation properties as cells in normal culture. In conclusion, stemazole significantly promotes survival of stem cells in single-cell or starvation cultures without compromising stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Mei Han
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China
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43
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Theunissen TW, Jaenisch R. Mechanisms of gene regulation in human embryos and pluripotent stem cells. Development 2018; 144:4496-4509. [PMID: 29254992 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have broad utility in biomedical research and their molecular regulation has thus garnered substantial interest. While the principles that establish and regulate pluripotency have been well defined in the mouse, it has been difficult to extrapolate these insights to the human system due to species-specific differences and the distinct developmental identities of mouse versus human embryonic stem cells. In this Review, we examine genome-wide approaches to elucidate the regulatory principles of pluripotency in human embryos and stem cells, and highlight where differences exist in the regulation of pluripotency in mice and humans. We review recent insights into the nature of human pluripotent cells in vivo, obtained by the deep sequencing of pre-implantation embryos. We also present an integrated overview of the principal layers of global gene regulation in human pluripotent stem cells. Finally, we discuss the transcriptional and epigenomic remodeling events associated with cell fate transitions into and out of human pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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44
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Huang ML, Michalak AL, Fisher CJ, Christy M, Smith RAA, Godula K. Small Molecule Antagonist of Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycans Restricts Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in a Pluripotent State. Stem Cells 2017; 36:45-54. [PMID: 28984039 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the field of stem cell-based regeneration has turned its attention toward chemical approaches for controlling the pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using drug-like small molecule modulators. Growth factor receptors or their associated downstream kinases that regulate intracellular signaling pathways during differentiation are typically the targets for these molecules. The glycocalyx, which plays an essential role in actuating responses to growth factors at the cellular boundary, offers an underexplored opportunity for intervention using small molecules to influence differentiation. Here, we show that surfen, an antagonist of cell-surface glycosaminoglycans required for growth factor association with cognate receptors, acts as a potent and general inhibitor of differentiation and promoter of pluripotency in mouse ESCs. This finding shows that drugging the stem cell Glycome with small molecules to silence differentiation cues can provide a powerful new alternative to existing techniques for controlling stem cell fate. Stem Cells 2018;36:45-54.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Austen L Michalak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mitchell Christy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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45
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β-catenin coordinates with Jup and the TCF1/GATA6 axis to regulate human embryonic stem cell fate. Dev Biol 2017; 431:272-281. [PMID: 28943339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin-mediated signaling has been extensively studied in regard to its role in the regulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, the results are controversial and the mechanism by which β-catenin regulates the hESC fate remains unclear. Here, we report that β-catenin and γ-catenin are functionally redundant in mediating hESC adhesion and are required for embryoid body formation, but both genes are dispensable for hESC maintenance, as the undifferentiated state of β-catenin and γ-catenin double deficient hESCs can be maintained. Overexpression of β-catenin induces rapid hESC differentiation. Functional assays revealed that TCF1 plays a crucial role in hESC differentiation mediated by β-catenin. Forced expression of TCF1, but not other LEF1/TCF family members, resulted in hESC differentiation towards the definitive endoderm. Conversely, knockdown of TCF1 or inhibition of the interaction between TCF1 and β-catenin delayed hESC exit from pluripotency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GATA6 plays a predominant role in TCF1-mediated hESC differentiation. Knockdown of GATA6 completely eliminated the effect of TCF1, while forced expression of GATA6 induced hESC differentiation. Our data thus reveal more detailed mechanisms for β-catenin in regulating hESC fate decisions and will expand our understanding of the self-renewal and differentiation circuitry in hESCs.
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46
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Jung JH, Kang KW, Kim J, Hong SC, Park Y, Kim BS. CXCR2 Inhibition in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Induces Predominant Differentiation to Mesoderm and Endoderm Through Repression of mTOR, β-Catenin, and hTERT Activities. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 25:1006-19. [PMID: 27188501 PMCID: PMC4931345 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of our previous report verifying that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) ligands in human placenta-derived cell conditioned medium (hPCCM) support human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) propagation without exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), this study was designed to identify the effect of CXCR2 manipulation on the fate of hPSCs and the underlying mechanism, which had not been previously determined. We observed that CXCR2 inhibition in hPSCs induces predominant differentiation to mesoderm and endoderm with concomitant loss of hPSC characteristics and accompanying decreased expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), β-catenin, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). These phenomena are recapitulated in hPSCs propagated in conventional culture conditions, including bFGF as well as those in hPCCM without exogenous bFGF, suggesting that the action of CXCR2 on hPSCs might not be associated with a bFGF-related mechanism. In addition, the specific CXCR2 ligand growth-related oncogene α (GROα) markedly increased the expression of ectodermal markers in differentiation-committed embryoid bodies derived from hPSCs. This finding suggests that CXCR2 inhibition in hPSCs prohibits the propagation of hPSCs and leads to predominant differentiation to mesoderm and endoderm owing to the blockage of ectodermal differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCR2 preferentially supports the maintenance of hPSC characteristics as well as facilitates ectodermal differentiation after the commitment to differentiation, and the mechanism might be associated with mTOR, β-catenin, and hTERT activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jung
- 1 Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Won Kang
- 1 Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Anam Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihea Kim
- 1 Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Chul Hong
- 4 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Korea University Anam Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Park
- 1 Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Anam Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- 1 Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Hematology/Oncology, Korea University Anam Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
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47
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Pal B, Das B. In vitro Culture of Naïve Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Stemness Based Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:69. [PMID: 28884113 PMCID: PMC5572382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) resides in their niches in close proximity to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These naïve MSCs have tremendous potential in regenerative therapeutics, and may also be exploited by cancer and infectious disease agents. Hence, it is important to study the physiological and pathological roles of naïve MSC. However, our knowledge of naïve MSCs is limited by lack of appropriate isolation and in vitro culture methods. Established culture methods use serum rich media, and serial passaging for retrospective isolation of MSCs. These primed MSCs may not reflect the true physiological and pathological roles of naive MSCs (Figure 1). Therefore, there is a strong need for direct isolation and in vitro culture of naïve MSCs to study their stemness (self-renewal and undifferentiated state) and developmental ontogeny. We have taken a niche-based approach on stemness to better maintain naïve MSCs in vitro. In this approach, stemness is broadly divided as niche dependent (extrinsic), niche independent (intrinsic) and niche modulatory (altruistic or competitive). Using this approach, we were able to maintain naïve CD271+/CD133+ BM-MSCs for 2 weeks. Furthermore, this in vitro culture system helped us to identify naïve MSCs as a protective niche site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of pulmonary tuberculosis. In this review, we discuss the in vitro culture of primed vs. naïve human BM derived MSCs with a special focus on how a stemness based approach could facilitate the study of naïve BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Pal
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
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48
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Al-Khawaga S, Memon B, Butler AE, Taheri S, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. Pathways governing development of stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells: lessons from embryogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Khawaga
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.A
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Abdul B. Abou-Samra
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
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49
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Massai D, Bolesani E, Diaz DR, Kropp C, Kempf H, Halloin C, Martin U, Braniste T, Isu G, Harms V, Morbiducci U, Dräger G, Zweigerdt R. Sensitivity of human pluripotent stem cells to insulin precipitation induced by peristaltic pump-based medium circulation: considerations on process development. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638147 PMCID: PMC5479836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is indispensable for their envisioned clinical translation. Aiming at advanced process development in suspension culture, the sensitivity of hPSC media to continuous peristaltic pump-based circulation, a well-established technology extensively used in hydraulically-driven bioreactors, was investigated. Unexpectedly, conditioning of low protein media (i.e. E8 and TeSR-E8) in a peristaltic pump circuit induced severe viability loss of hPSCs cultured as aggregates in suspension. Optical, biochemical, and cytological analyses of the media revealed that the applied circulation mode resulted in the reduction of the growth hormone insulin by precipitation of micro-sized particles. Notably, in contrast to insulin depletion, individual withdrawal of other medium protein components (i.e. bFGF, TGFβ1 or transferrin) provoked minor reduction of hPSC viability, if any. Supplementation of the surfactant glycerol or the use of the insulin analogue Aspart did not overcome the issue of insulin precipitation. In contrast, the presence of bovine or human serum albumin (BSA or HSA, respectively) stabilized insulin rescuing its content, possibly by acting as molecular chaperone-like protein, ultimately supporting hPSC maintenance. This study highlights the potential and the requirement of media optimization for automated hPSC processing and has broad implications on media development and bioreactor-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emiliano Bolesani
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Robles Diaz
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Kropp
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tudor Braniste
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Bv. Stefan cel Mare 168, Chisinau, 2004, Republic of Moldova
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Harms
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Gerald Dräger
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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50
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Morgani S, Nichols J, Hadjantonakis AK. The many faces of Pluripotency: in vitro adaptations of a continuum of in vivo states. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28610558 PMCID: PMC5470286 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-017-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotency defines the propensity of a cell to differentiate into, and generate, all somatic, as well as germ cells. The epiblast of the early mammalian embryo is the founder population of all germ layer derivatives and thus represents the bona fide in vivo pluripotent cell population. The so-called pluripotent state spans several days of development and is lost during gastrulation as epiblast cells make fate decisions towards a mesoderm, endoderm or ectoderm identity. It is now widely recognized that the features of the pluripotent population evolve as development proceeds from the pre- to post-implantation period, marked by distinct transcriptional and epigenetic signatures. During this period of time epiblast cells mature through a continuum of pluripotent states with unique properties. Aspects of this pluripotent continuum can be captured in vitro in the form of stable pluripotent stem cell types. In this review we discuss the continuum of pluripotency existing within the mammalian embryo, using the mouse as a model, and the cognate stem cell types that can be derived and propagated in vitro. Furthermore, we speculate on embryonic stage-specific characteristics that could be utilized to identify novel, developmentally relevant, pluripotent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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