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Delaney M, Zhao Y, van de Leemput J, Lee H, Han Z. Actin Cytoskeleton and Integrin Components Are Interdependent for Slit Diaphragm Maintenance in Drosophila Nephrocytes. Cells 2024; 13:1350. [PMID: 39195240 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In nephrotic syndrome, the podocyte filtration structures are damaged in a process called foot process effacement. This is mediated by the actin cytoskeleton; however, which actins are involved and how they interact with other filtration components, like the basement membrane, remains poorly understood. Here, we used the well-established Drosophila pericardial nephrocyte-the equivalent of podocytes in flies-knockdown models (RNAi) to study the interplay of the actin cytoskeleton (Act5C, Act57B, Act42A, and Act87E), alpha- and beta-integrin (basement membrane), and the slit diaphragm (Sns and Pyd). Knockdown of an actin gene led to variations of formation of actin stress fibers, the internalization of Sns, and a disrupted slit diaphragm cortical pattern. Notably, deficiency of Act5C, which resulted in complete absence of nephrocytes, could be partially mitigated by overexpressing Act42A or Act87E, suggesting at least partial functional redundancy. Integrin localized near the actin cytoskeleton as well as slit diaphragm components, but when the nephrocyte cytoskeleton or slit diaphragm was disrupted, this switched to colocalization, both at the surface and internalized in aggregates. Altogether, the data show that the interdependence of the slit diaphragm, actin cytoskeleton, and integrins is key to the structure and function of the Drosophila nephrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Delaney
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yunpo Zhao
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joyce van de Leemput
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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Laudon A, Wang Z, Zou A, Sharma R, Ji J, Kim C, Qian Y, Ye Q, Chen H, Henderson JM, Zhang C, Kolachalama VB, Lu W. Digital pathology assessment of kidney glomerular filtration barrier ultrastructure in an animal model of podocytopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599097. [PMID: 38948787 PMCID: PMC11212870 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images can visualize kidney glomerular filtration barrier ultrastructure, including the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and podocyte foot processes (PFP). Podocytopathy is associated with glomerular filtration barrier morphological changes observed experimentally and clinically by measuring GBM or PFP width. However, these measurements are currently performed manually. This limits research on podocytopathy disease mechanisms and therapeutics due to labor intensiveness and inter-operator variability. Methods We developed a deep learning-based digital pathology computational method to measure GBM and PFP width in TEM images from the kidneys of Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) podocyte-specific conditional knockout (cKO) mouse, an animal model of podocytopathy, compared to wild-type (WT) control mouse. We obtained TEM images from WT and ILK cKO littermate mice at 4 weeks old. Our automated method was composed of two stages: a U-Net model for GBM segmentation, followed by an image processing algorithm for GBM and PFP width measurement. We evaluated its performance with a 4-fold cross-validation study on WT and ILK cKO mouse kidney pairs. Results Mean (95% confidence interval) GBM segmentation accuracy, calculated as Jaccard index, was 0.73 (0.70-0.76) for WT and 0.85 (0.83-0.87) for ILK cKO TEM images. Automated and manual GBM width measurements were similar for both WT (p=0.49) and ILK cKO (p=0.06) specimens. While automated and manual PFP width measurements were similar for WT (p=0.89), they differed for ILK cKO (p<0.05) specimens. WT and ILK cKO specimens were morphologically distinguishable by manual GBM (p<0.05) and PFP (p<0.05) width measurements. This phenotypic difference was reflected in the automated GBM (p<0.05) more than PFP (p=0.06) widths. Conclusions These results suggest that certain automated measurements enabled via deep learning-based digital pathology tools could distinguish healthy kidneys from those with podocytopathy. Our proposed method provides high-throughput, objective morphological analysis and could facilitate podocytopathy research and translate into clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksel Laudon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaoze Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anqi Zou
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Sharma
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connor Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingzhe Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weining Lu
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Sun L, Ding M, Chen F, Zhu D, Xie X. Breviscapine alleviates podocyte injury by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14826. [PMID: 36815984 PMCID: PMC9933739 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabeticnephropathy (DN). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that breviscapine (Bre) exerts a renoprotective effect on diabetic rats. However, the effects of Bre on regulating podocyte injury under high glucose (HG) conditions remain unclear. In this study, an experimental mouse model of DN was induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) in vivo. The effects of Bre on podocyte injury were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, TdT-mediated dUTPnick-endlabelling (TUNEL) staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and western blot analysis. We found that renal function was significantly decreased in diabetic mice, and this effect was blocked by Bre treatment. Bre effectively increased podocyte viability and inhibited HG-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Bre ameliorated HG-induced podocyte injury, as evidenced by decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and increased podocin and synaptopodin expression. Mechanistically, Bre inhibited HG-induced nuclear factorkappaB (NF-κB) signalling activation and subsequently decreased NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, resulting in a decrease in pyroptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 decreased HG-induced podocyte injury, whereas the NLRP3 agonist abrogated the effects of Bre on inhibiting podocyte injury. In summary, these results demonstrate that Bre alleviates HG-induced podocyte injury and improves renal function in diabetic mice, at least in part by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
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Guo C, Ding Y, Yang A, Geng Y, Liu C, Zhou L, Ma L, Yang Z, Hu F, Jiang K, Cai R, Bai P, Quan M, Deng Y, Wu C, Sun Y. CHILKBP protects against podocyte injury by preserving ZO-1 expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:18. [PMID: 36564652 PMCID: PMC11072396 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular diseases afflict millions of people and impose an enormous burden on public healthcare costs worldwide. Identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing glomerular diseases is of considerable clinical importance. CHILKBP is a focal adhesion protein and modulates a wide array of biological functions. However, little is known about the role of CHILKBP in glomerular diseases. To investigate the function of CHILKBP in maintaining the structure and function of podocytes in a physiologic setting, a mouse model (CHILKBP cKO) was generated in which CHILKBP gene was conditionally deleted in podocytes using the Cre-LoxP system. Ablation of CHILKBP in podocytes resulted in massive proteinuria and kidney failure in mice. Histologically, typical podocyte injury including podocyte loss, foot process effacement, and glomerulosclerosis was observed in CHILKBP cKO mice. Mechanistically, we identified ZO-1 as a key junctional protein that interacted with CHILKBP. Loss of CHILKBP in podocytes exhibited a significant reduction of ZO-1 expression, leading to abnormal actin organization, aberrant slit diaphragm protein expression and compromised podocyte filtration capacity. Restoration of CHILKBP or ZO-1 in CHILKBP-deficient podocytes effectively alleviated podocyte injury induced by the loss of CHILKBP in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we showed the glomerular expression of CHILKBP and ZO-1 was decreased in patients with proteinuric kidney diseases. Our findings reveal a novel signaling pathway consisting of CHILKBP and ZO-1 that plays an essential role in maintaining podocyte homeostasis and suggest novel therapeutic approaches to alleviate glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqing Geng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chengmin Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Renwei Cai
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Panzhu Bai
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Meiling Quan
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Li L, Feng Y, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Ren J, Sun C, Li S, Lei X, Luo G, Hu J, Huang Y. Microtubule associated protein 4 phosphorylation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of podocyte leads to proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:115. [PMID: 35902952 PMCID: PMC9331595 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves various structural and functional changes because of chronic glycemic assault and kidney failure. Proteinuria is an early clinical manifestation of DN, but the associated pathogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation (p-MAP4) in proteinuria in DN and its possible mechanisms. METHODS In this study, the urine samples of diabetic patients and kidney tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were obtained to detect changes of p-MAP4. A murine model of hyperphosphorylated MAP4 was established to examine the effect of MAP4 phosphorylation in DN. Podocyte was applied to explore changes of kidney phenotypes and potential mechanisms with multiple methods. RESULTS Our results demonstrated elevated content of p-MAP4 in diabetic patients' urine samples, and increased kidney p-MAP4 in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, p-MAP4 triggered proteinuria with aging in mice, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in podocytes. Additionally, p-MAP4 mice were much more susceptible to STZ treatment and showed robust DN pathology as compared to wild-type mice. In vitro study revealed high glucose (HG) triggered elevation of p-MAP4, rearrangement of microtubules and F-actin filaments with enhanced cell permeability, accompanied with dedifferentiation and apoptosis of podocytes. These effects were significantly reinforced by MAP4 hyperphosphorylation, and were rectified by MAP4 dephosphorylation. Notably, pretreatment of p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reinstated all HG-induced pathological alterations. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated a novel role for p-MAP4 in causing proteinuria in DN. Our results indicated the therapeutic potential of MAP4 in protecting against proteinuria and related diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhai Feng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shujing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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6
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Sasaki H, Sasaki N. Tensin 2-deficient nephropathy - mechanosensitive nephropathy, genetic susceptibility. Exp Anim 2022; 71:252-263. [PMID: 35444113 PMCID: PMC9388341 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensin 2 (TNS2), a focal adhesion protein, is considered to anchor focal adhesion proteins to β integrin as an integrin adaptor protein and/or serve as a scaffold to facilitate the
interactions of these proteins. In the kidney, TNS2 localizes to the basolateral surface of glomerular epithelial cells, i.e., podocytes. Loss of TNS2 leads to the development of glomerular
basement membrane lesions and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix in maturing glomeruli during the early postnatal stages. It subsequently results in podocyte foot process
effacement, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. Histopathological features of the affected glomeruli in the middle stage of the disease include expansion of the mesangial matrix
without mesangial cell proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of TNS2-deficient nephropathy and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this mechanosensitive nephropathy,
which may be applicable to other glomerulonephropathies, such as CD151-deficient nephropathy and Alport syndrome. The onset of TNS2-deficient nephropathy strictly depends on the genetic
background, indicating the presence of critical modifier genes. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of mechanosensitive nephropathy may open new avenues for the management of
patients with glomerulonephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
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7
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Rogg M, Maier JI, Van Wymersch C, Helmstädter M, Sammarco A, Lindenmeyer M, Zareba P, Montanez E, Walz G, Werner M, Endlich N, Benzing T, Huber TB, Schell C. α-Parvin Defines a Specific Integrin Adhesome to Maintain the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:786-808. [PMID: 35260418 PMCID: PMC8970443 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-matrix adhesion between podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane is essential for the integrity of the kidney's filtration barrier. Despite increasing knowledge about the complexity of integrin adhesion complexes, an understanding of the regulation of these protein complexes in glomerular disease remains elusive. METHODS We mapped the in vivo composition of the podocyte integrin adhesome. In addition, we analyzed conditional knockout mice targeting a gene (Parva) that encodes an actin-binding protein (α-parvin), and murine disease models. To evaluate podocytes in vivo, we used super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy, and RNA sequencing. We performed functional analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-generated PARVA single knockout podocytes and PARVA and PARVB double knockout podocytes in three- and two-dimensional cultures using specific extracellular matrix ligands and micropatterns. RESULTS We found that PARVA is essential to prevent podocyte foot process effacement, detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, and the development of FSGS. Through the use of in vitro and in vivo models, we identified an inherent PARVB-dependent compensatory module at podocyte integrin adhesion complexes, sustaining efficient mechanical linkage at the filtration barrier. Sequential genetic deletion of PARVA and PARVB induces a switch in structure and composition of integrin adhesion complexes. This redistribution of these complexes translates into a loss of the ventral actin cytoskeleton, decreased adhesion capacity, impaired mechanical resistance, and dysfunctional extracellular matrix assembly. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of podocyte integrin adhesion complexes, providing a conceptual framework for therapeutic strategies to prevent podocyte detachment in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin I Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clara Van Wymersch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Zareba
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Health Sciences and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany .,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Górska A, Mazur AJ. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): the known vs. the unknown and perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:100. [PMID: 35089438 PMCID: PMC8799556 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK-PINCH-Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Górska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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9
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Wang D, Sant S, Ferrell N. A Biomimetic In Vitro Model of the Kidney Filtration Barrier Using Tissue-Derived Glomerular Basement Membrane. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002275. [PMID: 34218528 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) filters the blood to remove toxins while retaining high molecular weight proteins in the circulation. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and podocytes, highly specialized epithelial cells, are critical components of the filtration barrier. The GBM serves as a physical barrier to passage of molecules into the filtrate. Podocytes adhere to the filtrate side of the GBM and further restrict passage of high molecular weight molecules into the filtrate. Here, a 3D cell culture model of the glomerular filtration barrier to evaluate the role of the GBM and podocytes in mediating molecular diffusion is developed. GBM is isolated from mammalian kidneys to recapitulate the composition and mechanics of the in vivo basement membrane. The GFB model exhibits molecular selectivity that is comparable to the in vivo filtration barrier. The GBM alone provides a stringent barrier to passage of albumin and Ficoll. Podocytes further restrict molecular diffusion. Damage to the GBM that is typical of diabetic kidney disease is simulated using hypochlorous acid and results in increased molecular diffusion. This system can serve as a platform to evaluate the effects of GBM damage, podocyte injury, and reciprocal effects of altered podocyte-GBM interactions on kidney microvascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, S3223 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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10
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Usende IL, Olopade JO, Emikpe BO, Nafady AAHM. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in kidney and liver of African Giant Rats (Cricetomysgambianus, Waterhouse, 1840) exposed to intraperitoneal sodium metavanadate (vanadium) intoxication. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103414. [PMID: 32442722 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the hepatic and renal impact of sodium metavanadate (SMV) exposure in African giant rats (AGR). Twelve male AGR were used and divided into two groups. The control group received sterile water while the SMV-exposed group received 3 mg/kg SMV intraperitoneally for 14 days. SMV exposed AGR groups showed significantly decreased activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine concentration but increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and globulin concentrations. Kidney ultrastructure examination revealed atrophy of the glomerular tuft, loss of podocytes, distortions of the endothelium and glomerular basement membrane. The liver sinusoids fenestration phenotypes were abnormal. Hepatocytes exhibited hypertrophy with uneven, crenated and dentate nuclei. SMV exposure induced activation of monocytes, as well as Kupffer and fibrous cells. Alterations in glomerular podocytes and cell-cell and cell matrix contact and inflammatory liver fibrosis are key events in progressive glomerular failure and hepatic damage due to SMV intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifukibot Levi Usende
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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11
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Uchio-Yamada K, Yasuda K, Monobe Y, Akagi KI, Suzuki O, Manabe N. Tensin2 is important for podocyte-glomerular basement membrane interaction and integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1520-F1530. [PMID: 32390516 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00055.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensin2 (Tns2), an integrin-linked protein, is enriched in podocytes within the glomerulus. Previous studies have revealed that Tns2-deficient mice exhibit defects of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) soon after birth in a strain-dependent manner. However, the mechanisms for the onset of defects caused by Tns2 deficiency remains unidentified. Here, we aimed to determine the role of Tns2 using newborn Tns2-deficient mice and murine primary podocytes. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that developing glomeruli during postnatal nephrogenesis exhibited abnormal GBM processing due to ectopic laminin-α2 accumulation followed by GBM thickening. In addition, analysis of primary podocytes revealed that Tns2 deficiency led to impaired podocyte-GBM interaction and massive expression of laminin-α2 in podocytes. Our study suggests that weakened podocyte-GBM interaction due to Tns2 deficiency causes increased mechanical stress on podocytes by continuous daily filtration after birth, resulting in stressed podocytes ectopically producing laminin-α2, which interrupts GBM processing. We conclude that Tns2 plays important roles in the podocyte-GBM interaction and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Uchio-Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Monobe
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Manabe
- Department of Human Sciences, Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Cinà DP, Ketela T, Brown KR, Chandrashekhar M, Mero P, Li C, Onay T, Fu Y, Han Z, Saleem M, Moffat J, Quaggin SE. Forward genetic screen in human podocytes identifies diphthamide biosynthesis genes as regulators of adhesion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1593-F1604. [PMID: 31566424 PMCID: PMC6962514 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte function is tightly linked to the complex organization of its cytoskeleton and adhesion to the underlying glomerular basement membrane. Adhesion of cultured podocytes to a variety of substrates is reported to correlate with podocyte health. To identify novel genes that are important for podocyte function, we designed an in vitro genetic screen based on podocyte adhesion to plates coated with either fibronectin or soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1)/Fc. A genome-scale pooled RNA interference screen on immortalized human podocytes identified 77 genes that increased adhesion to fibronectin, 101 genes that increased adhesion to sFLT1/Fc, and 44 genes that increased adhesion to both substrates when knocked down. Multiple shRNAs against diphthamide biosynthesis protein 1-4 (DPH1-DPH4) were top hits for increased adhesion. Immortalized human podocyte cells stably expressing these hairpins displayed increased adhesion to both substrates. We then used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate podocyte knockout cells for DPH1, DPH2, or DPH3, which also displayed increased adhesion to both fibronectin and sFLT1/Fc, as well as a spreading defect. Finally, we showed that Drosophila nephrocyte-specific knockdown of Dph1, Dph2, and Dph4 resulted in altered nephrocyte function. In summary, we report here a novel high-throughput method to identify genes important for podocyte function. Given the central role of podocyte adhesion as a marker of podocyte health, these data are a rich source of candidate regulators of glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide P Cinà
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Troy Ketela
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megha Chandrashekhar
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Mero
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chengjin Li
- Tanenbaum-Lunenfeld Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulong Fu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Moin Saleem
- School of Clinical Sciences, Children's Renal Unit and Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Huang M, Zhu S, Huang H, He J, Tsuji K, Jin WW, Xie D, Ham O, Capen DE, Lu W, Păunescu TG, Yang B, Lu HAJ. Integrin-Linked Kinase Deficiency in Collecting Duct Principal Cell Promotes Necroptosis of Principal Cell and Contributes to Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2073-2090. [PMID: 31653783 PMCID: PMC6830785 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway that plays a critical role in AKI. The involvement of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in necroptosis has not been studied. METHODS We performed experiments in mice with an Ilk deletion in collecting duct (CD) principal cells (PCs), and cultured tubular epithelial cells treated with an ILK inhibitor or ILK siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Ilk deletion in CD PCs resulted in acute tubular injury and early mortality in mice. Progressive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation associated with the activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade were detected in the kidneys of the mice lacking ILK in the CD PCs. In contrast to the minimal apoptosis detected in the animals' injured CDs, widespread necroptosis was present in ILK-deficient PCs, characterized by cell swelling, deformed mitochondria, and rupture of plasma membrane. In addition, ILK deficiency resulted in increased expression and activation of necroptotic proteins MLKL and RIPK3, and membrane translocation of MLKL in CD PCs. ILK inhibition and siRNA knockdown reduced cell survival in cultured tubular cells, concomitant with increased membrane accumulation of MLKL and/or phospho-MLKL. Administration of a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, blocked cell death in vitro and significantly attenuated inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and renal failure in ILK-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the critical involvement of ILK in necroptosis through modulation of the RIPK3 and MLKL pathway and highlights the contribution of CD PC injury to the development of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinzhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William W Jin
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongping Xie
- Department of Physiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Onju Ham
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Capen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Departments of Medicine, and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China;
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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14
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Nilsson D, Heglind M, Arani Z, Enerbäck S. Foxc2 is essential for podocyte function. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14083. [PMID: 31062503 PMCID: PMC6503019 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxc2 is one of the earliest podocyte markers during glomerular development. To circumvent embryonic lethal effects of global deletion of Foxc2, and to specifically investigate the role of Foxc2 in podocytes, we generated mice with a podocyte-specific Foxc2 deletion. Mice carrying the homozygous deletion developed early proteinuria which progressed rapidly into end stage kidney failure and death around postnatal day 10. Conditional loss of Foxc2 in podocytes caused typical characteristics of podocyte injury, such as podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte microvillus transformation, probably caused by disruption of the slit diaphragm. These effects were accompanied by a redistribution of several proteins known to be necessary for correct podocyte structure. One target gene that showed reduced glomerular expression was Nrp1, the gene encoding neuropilin 1, a protein that has been linked to diabetic nephropathy and proteinuria. We could show that NRP1 was regulated by Foxc2 in vitro, but podocyte-specific ablation of Nrp1 in mice did not generate any phenotype in terms of proteinuria, suggesting that the gene might have more important roles in endothelial cells than in podocytes. Taken together, this study highlights a critical role for Foxc2 as an important gene for podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Zahra Arani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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15
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Li L, Liu Y, Li S, Yang R, Zeng C, Rong W, Liang H, Zhang M, Zhu X, Kidder K, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zen K. Signal regulatory protein α protects podocytes through promoting autophagic activity. JCI Insight 2019; 5:124747. [PMID: 30888336 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High autophagic activity in podocytes, terminally differentiated cells which serve as main components of the kidney filtration barrier, is essential for podocyte survival under various challenges. How podocytes maintain such a high level of autophagy, however, remains unclear. Here we report that signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) plays a key role in promoting podocyte autophagy. Unlike other glomerular cells, podocytes strongly express SIRPα, which is, however, downregulated in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mice with experimental nephropathy. Podocyte SIRPα levels are inversely correlated with the severity of podocyte injury and proteinuria but positively with autophagy. Compared to wild-type littermates, Sirpa-deficient mice display greater age-related podocyte injury and proteinuria and develop more rapid and severe renal injury in various models of experimental nephropathy. Mechanistically, podocyte SIRPα strongly reduces Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, leading to an increase in autophagic activity. Our findings thus demonstrate a critical protective role of SIRPα in podocyte survival via maintaining autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Program of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Koby Kidder
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Program of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Program of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
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16
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Chronic kidney disease induced by an adenine rich diet upregulates integrin linked kinase (ILK) and its depletion prevents the disease progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1284-1297. [PMID: 30726718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is one of the main pathological findings of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) although the pathogenesis of renal scar formation remains incompletely explained. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and intracellular signaling pathways, is involved in several pathophysiological processes during renal damage. However, ILK contribution in the CKD progress remains to be fully elucidated. In the present work, we studied 1) the renal functional and structural consequences of CKD genesis and progression when ILK is depleted and 2) the potential of ILK depletion as a therapeutic approach to delay CKD progression. We induced an experimental CKD model, based on an adenine-supplemented diet on adult wild-type (WT) and ILK-depleted mice, with a tubulointerstitial damage profile resembling that is observed in human CKD. The adenine diet induced in WT mice a progressive increase in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. In the renal cortex it was also observed tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis and progressive increased ECM components, pro-inflammatory and chemo-attractant cytokines, EMT markers and TGF-β1 expressions. These observations were highly correlated to a simultaneous increase of ILK expression and activity. In adenine-fed transgenic ILK-depleted mice, all these changes were prevented. Additionally, we evaluated the potential role of ILK depletion to be applied after the disease induction, as an effective approach to interventions in human CKD subjects. In this scenario, two weeks after the establishment of adenine-induced CKD, ILK was abrogated in WT mice and stabilized renal damage, avoiding CKD progression. We propose ILK to be a potential target to delay renal disease progression.
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17
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Yasuda-Yamahara M, Rogg M, Yamahara K, Maier JI, Huber TB, Schell C. AIF1L regulates actomyosin contractility and filopodial extensions in human podocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200487. [PMID: 30001384 PMCID: PMC6042786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly-specialized epithelial cells essentially required for the generation and the maintenance of the kidney filtration barrier. This elementary function is directly based on an elaborated cytoskeletal apparatus establishing a complex network of primary and secondary processes. Here, we identify the actin-bundling protein allograft-inflammatory-inhibitor 1 like (AIF1L) as a selectively expressed podocyte protein in vivo. We describe the distinct subcellular localization of AIF1L to actin stress fibers, focal adhesion complexes and the nuclear compartment of podocytes in vitro. Genetic deletion of AIF1L in immortalized human podocytes resulted in an increased formation of filopodial extensions and decreased actomyosin contractility. By the use of SILAC based quantitative proteomics analysis we describe the podocyte specific AIF1L interactome and identify several components of the actomyosin machinery such as MYL9 and UNC45A as potential AIF1L interaction partners. Together, these findings indicate an involvement of AIF1L in the stabilization of podocyte morphology by titrating actomyosin contractility and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yasuda-Yamahara
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kosuke Yamahara
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jasmin I. Maier
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Schell
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Lausecker F, Tian X, Inoue K, Wang Z, Pedigo CE, Hassan H, Liu C, Zimmer M, Jinno S, Huckle AL, Hamidi H, Ross RS, Zent R, Ballestrem C, Lennon R, Ishibe S. Vinculin is required to maintain glomerular barrier integrity. Kidney Int 2017; 93:643-655. [PMID: 29241625 PMCID: PMC5846847 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions and podocyte intercellular junctions are key for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Vinculin, a cytoplasmic protein, couples actin filaments to integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and to cadherin-based intercellular junctions. Here, we examined the role of vinculin in podocytes by the generation of a podocyte-specific knockout mouse. Mice lacking podocyte vinculin had increased albuminuria and foot process effacement following injury in vivo. Analysis of primary podocytes isolated from the mutant mice revealed defects in cell protrusions, altered focal adhesion size and signaling, as well as impaired cell migration. Furthermore, we found a marked mislocalization of the intercellular junction protein zonula occludens-1. In kidney sections from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy, we observed dramatic differences in the expression levels and localization of vinculin. Thus, our results suggest that vinculin is necessary to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier by modulating podocyte foot processes and stabilizing intercellular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hossam Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Jinno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Abby L Huckle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Rogg M, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Abed A, Dinse P, Helmstädter M, Conzelmann AC, Frimmel J, Sellung D, Biniossek ML, Kretz O, Grahammer F, Schilling O, Huber TB, Schell C. The WD40-domain containing protein CORO2B is specifically enriched in glomerular podocytes and regulates the ventral actin cytoskeleton. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15910. [PMID: 29162887 PMCID: PMC5698439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells essentially required to establish and maintain the kidney filtration barrier. Due to their complex cellular architecture these cells rely on an elaborated cytoskeletal apparatus providing plasticity as well as adaptive adhesion properties to withstand significant physical filtration forces. However, our knowledge about podocyte specific components of the cytoskeletal machinery is still incomplete. Employing cross-analysis of various quantitative omics-data sets we identify the WD40-domain containing protein CORO2B as a podocyte enriched protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate the distinct localization pattern of CORO2B to the ventral actin cytoskeleton serving as a physical linkage module to cell-matrix adhesion sites. Analysis of a novel Coro2b knockout mouse revealed that CORO2B modulates stress response of podocytes in an experimental nephropathy model. Using quantitative focal adhesome proteomics we identify the recruitment of CFL1 via CORO2B to focal adhesions as an underlying mechanism. Thus, we describe CORO2B as a novel podocyte enriched protein influencing cytoskeletal plasticity and stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rogg
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Yasuda-Yamahara
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - A Abed
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Dinse
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C Conzelmann
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Frimmel
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Sellung
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M L Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Kretz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dept. for Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Grahammer
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T B Huber
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - C Schell
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Ying Q, Wu G. Molecular mechanisms involved in podocyte EMT and concomitant diabetic kidney diseases: an update. Ren Fail 2017; 39:474-483. [PMID: 28413908 PMCID: PMC6014344 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1313164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a tightly regulated process by which epithelial cells lose their hallmark epithelial characteristics and gain the features of mesenchymal cells. For podocytes, expression of nephrin, podocin, P-cadherin, and ZO-1 is downregulated, the slit diaphragm (SD) will be altered, and the actin cytoskeleton will be rearranged. Diabetes, especially hyperglycemia, has been demonstrated to incite podocyte EMT through several molecular mechanisms such as TGF-β/Smad classic pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Integrins/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling pathway, MAPKs signaling pathway, Jagged/Notch signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. As one of the most fundamental prerequisites to develop ground-breaking therapeutic options to prevent the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of podocyte EMT is compulsory. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to update the research progress of these underlying signaling pathways and expound the podocyte EMT-related DKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ying
- a Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Guanzhong Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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21
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Kaplan AA, Yurt KK, Deniz ÖG, Altun G. Peripheral nerve and diclofenac sodium: Molecular and clinical approaches. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 87:2-11. [PMID: 28870762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently prescribed medications worldwide. Diclofenac sodium (DS), one of these NSAIDs, has a high specificity for arachidonic acid-degrading cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes. This drug can be used to relieve neuropathic pain. In this review, we examine the relevant researches, including in vivo, animal, and clinical human studies, with the aim of understanding the effect of DS on the peripheral nerves. In injured nerves, COX-2 is potently upregulated around the injury site. When a nerve is damaged, both COX-1 and COX-2 expression is increased in macrophages and Schwann cells. In addition, COX inhibitors can promote axonal outgrowth in cultured neurons. Neuropathic pain occurs after injury and leads to dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. NSAIDs can modulate the nociceptive and inflammatory pain pathways and control neuropathic pain. DS may accelerate nerve regeneration and its effects on healing, as well as causing deleterious effects in the developing nerves. DS teratogenicity disrupts myelin sheath thickness and axon structure. Understanding the possible benefits and limitations of DS and specific conditions such as prenatal use will be of benefit in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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22
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The FERM protein EPB41L5 regulates actomyosin contractility and focal adhesion formation to maintain the kidney filtration barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4621-E4630. [PMID: 28536193 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes form the outer part of the glomerular filter, where they have to withstand enormous transcapillary filtration forces driving glomerular filtration. Detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane precedes most glomerular diseases. However, little is known about the regulation of podocyte adhesion in vivo. Thus, we systematically screened for podocyte-specific focal adhesome (FA) components, using genetic reporter models in combination with iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. This approach led to the identification of FERM domain protein EPB41L5 as a highly enriched podocyte-specific FA component in vivo. Genetic deletion of Epb41l5 resulted in severe proteinuria, detachment of podocytes, and development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Remarkably, by binding and recruiting the RhoGEF ARGHEF18 to the leading edge, EPB41L5 directly controls actomyosin contractility and subsequent maturation of focal adhesions, cell spreading, and migration. Furthermore, EPB41L5 controls matrix-dependent outside-in signaling by regulating the focal adhesome composition. Thus, by linking extracellular matrix sensing and signaling, focal adhesion maturation, and actomyosin activation EPB41L5 ensures the mechanical stability required for podocytes at the kidney filtration barrier. Finally, a diminution of EPB41L5-dependent signaling programs appears to be a common theme of podocyte disease, and therefore offers unexpected interventional therapeutic strategies to prevent podocyte loss and kidney disease progression.
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23
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Toda N, Mori K, Kasahara M, Ishii A, Koga K, Ohno S, Mori KP, Kato Y, Osaki K, Kuwabara T, Kojima K, Taura D, Sone M, Matsusaka T, Nakao K, Mukoyama M, Yanagita M, Yokoi H. Crucial Role of Mesangial Cell-derived Connective Tissue Growth Factor in a Mouse Model of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42114. [PMID: 28191821 PMCID: PMC5304211 DOI: 10.1038/srep42114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) coordinates the signaling of growth factors and promotes fibrosis. Neonatal death of systemic CTGF knockout (KO) mice has hampered analysis of CTGF in adult renal diseases. We established 3 types of CTGF conditional KO (cKO) mice to investigate a role and source of CTGF in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis. Tamoxifen-inducible systemic CTGF (Rosa-CTGF) cKO mice exhibited reduced proteinuria with ameliorated crescent formation and mesangial expansion in anti-GBM nephritis after induction. Although CTGF is expressed by podocytes at basal levels, podocyte-specific CTGF (pod-CTGF) cKO mice showed no improvement in renal injury. In contrast, PDGFRα promoter-driven CTGF (Pdgfra-CTGF) cKO mice, which predominantly lack CTGF expression by mesangial cells, exhibited reduced proteinuria with ameliorated histological changes. Glomerular macrophage accumulation, expression of Adgre1 and Ccl2, and ratio of M1/M2 macrophages were all reduced both in Rosa-CTGF cKO and Pdgfra-CTGF cKO mice, but not in pod-CTGF cKO mice. TGF-β1-stimulated Ccl2 upregulation in mesangial cells and macrophage adhesion to activated mesangial cells were decreased by reduction of CTGF. These results reveal a novel mechanism of macrophage migration into glomeruli with nephritis mediated by CTGF derived from mesangial cells, implicating the therapeutic potential of CTGF inhibition in glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Research, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Kasahara
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kenichi Koga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Shoko Ohno
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yukiko Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Keisuke Osaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kojima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japa
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japa
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japa
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
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24
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Succar L, Boadle RA, Harris DC, Rangan GK. Formation of tight junctions between neighboring podocytes is an early ultrastructural feature in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2016; 9:297-312. [PMID: 27920570 PMCID: PMC5126005 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), the development of cellular bridges between podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) triggers glomerular crescent formation. However, the sequential changes in glomerular ultrastructure in CGN are not well defined. This study investigated the time course of glomerular ultrastructure in experimental CGN. Methods Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed using kidney samples from rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN) from day 1 to day 14. Morphometric analysis was conducted on randomly selected glomeruli captured on TEM digital images. Results On day 1 of NSN, there was widespread formation of focal contacts between the cell bodies of neighboring podocytes, and tight junctions were evident at the site of cell-to-cell contact. This was confirmed by the increased expression of the tight junction molecule, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which localized to the points of podocyte cell–cell body contact. On day 2, the interpodocyte distance decreased and the glomerular basement membrane thickness increased. Foot process effacement (FPE) was segmental on day 3 and diffuse by day 5, accompanied by the formation of podocyte cellular bridges with Bowman’s capsule, as confirmed by a decrease in podocyte-to-PEC distance. Fibrinoid necrosis and cellular crescents were evident in all glomeruli by days 7 and 14. In vitro, the exposure of podocytes to macrophage-conditioned media altered cellular morphology and caused an intracellular redistribution of ZO-1. Conclusion The formation of tight junctions between podocytes is an early ultrastructural abnormality in CGN, preceding FPE and podocyte bridge formation and occurring in response to inflammatory injury. Podocyte-to-podocyte tight junction formation may be a compensatory mechanism to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier following severe endocapillary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Succar
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney
| | - Ross A Boadle
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital
| | - David C Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gopala K Rangan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Guo J, Yang L, Qiao Y, Liu Z. Glycogen synthase kinase‑3β is required for epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and barrier dysfunction in mouse podocytes under high glucose conditions. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4091-4098. [PMID: 27748847 PMCID: PMC5101890 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells, which form a major component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte damage has been suggested to be the primary mechanism behind the albuminuria associated with DN. The present study aimed to determine the function of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in EMT and barrier dysfunction of mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) conditions. Matured and differentiated podocytes were treated with normal glucose (NG), HG or NG + mannitol. Podocytes were also transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against GSK-3β or a scrambled siRNA, or were treated with lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3β inhibitor, under NG or HG conditions. The expression levels of the epithelial cell markers, nephrin and podocin, and the myofibroblast cell markers, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin, in podocytes by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The monolayer barrier function was assessed by albumin inflow. The phosphorylation and activity levels of GSK-3β were also quantified. It was observed that HG promotes EMT in podocytes, due to the increased levels of podocin and nephrin expression and the reduced α-SMA and fibronectin expression levels. HG also induced barrier dysfunction and increased the expression level of total GSK-3β, Try216-phosphorylated-GSK-3β and the GSK-3β activity in podocytes. Transfection of GSK-3β siRNA or treatment with LiCl reversed the HG-induced EMT and barrier dysfunction in podocytes. In conclusion, the present study determined that GSK-3β is required for EMT and barrier dysfunction in podocytes under HG conditions; therefore, GSK-3β may be a novel target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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26
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Blutke A, Schneider MR, Wolf E, Wanke R. Growth hormone (GH)-transgenic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-deficient mice allow dissociation of excess GH and IGF1 effects on glomerular and tubular growth. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/5/e12709. [PMID: 26997624 PMCID: PMC4823598 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)‐transgenic mice with permanently elevated systemic levels of GH and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) reproducibly develop renal and glomerular hypertrophy and subsequent progressive glomerulosclerosis, finally leading to terminal renal failure. To dissociate IGF1‐dependent and ‐independent effects of GH excess on renal growth and lesion development in vivo, the kidneys of 75 days old IGF1‐deficient (I−/−) and of IGF1‐deficient GH‐transgenic mice (I−/−/G), as well as of GH‐transgenic (G) and nontransgenic wild‐type control mice (I+/+) were examined by quantitative stereological and functional analyses. Both G and I−/−/G mice developed glomerular hypertrophy, hyperplasia of glomerular mesangial and endothelial cells, podocyte hypertrophy and foot process effacement, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis. However, I−/−/G mice exhibited less severe glomerular alterations, as compared to G mice. Compared to I+/+ mice, G mice exhibited renal hypertrophy with a significant increase in the number without a change in the size of proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells. In contrast, I−/−/G mice did not display significant PTE cell hyperplasia, as compared to I−/− mice. These findings indicate that GH excess stimulates glomerular growth and induces lesions progressing to glomerulosclerosis in the absence of IGF1. In contrast, IGF1 represents an important mediator of GH‐dependent proximal tubular growth in GH‐transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Genetic studies of hereditary forms of nephrotic syndrome have identified several proteins that are involved in regulating the permselective properties of the glomerular filtration system. Further extensive research has elucidated the complex molecular basis of the glomerular filtration barrier and clearly established the pivotal role of podocytes in the pathophysiology of glomerular diseases. Podocyte architecture is centred on focal adhesions and slit diaphragms - multiprotein signalling hubs that regulate cell morphology and function. A highly interconnected actin cytoskeleton enables podocytes to adapt in order to accommodate environmental changes and maintain an intact glomerular filtration barrier. Actin-based endocytosis has now emerged as a regulator of podocyte integrity, providing an impetus for understanding the precise mechanisms that underlie the steady-state control of focal adhesion and slit diaphragm components. This Review outlines the role of actin dynamics and endocytosis in podocyte biology, and discusses how molecular heterogeneity in glomerular disorders could be exploited to deliver more rational therapeutic interventions, paving the way for targeted medicine in nephrology.
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28
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Rieger A, Kemter E, Kumar S, Popper B, Aigner B, Wolf E, Wanke R, Blutke A. Missense Mutation of POU Domain Class 3 Transcription Factor 3 in Pou3f3L423P Mice Causes Reduced Nephron Number and Impaired Development of the Thick Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158977. [PMID: 27420727 PMCID: PMC4946790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During nephrogenesis, POU domain class 3 transcription factor 3 (POU3F3 aka BRN1) is critically involved in development of distinct nephron segments, including the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL). Deficiency of POU3F3 in knock-out mice leads to underdevelopment of the TAL, lack of differentiation of TAL cells, and perinatal death due to renal failure. Pou3f3L423P mutant mice, which were established in the Munich ENU Mouse Mutagenesis Project, carry a recessive point mutation in the homeobox domain of POU3F3. Homozygous Pou3f3L423P mutants are viable and fertile. The present study used functional, as well as qualitative and quantitative morphological analyses to characterize the renal phenotype of juvenile (12 days) and aged (60 weeks) homo- and heterozygous Pou3f3L423P mutant mice and age-matched wild-type controls. In both age groups, homozygous mutants vs. control mice displayed significantly smaller kidney volumes, decreased nephron numbers and mean glomerular volumes, smaller TAL volumes, as well as lower volume densities of the TAL in the kidney. No histological or ultrastructural lesions of TAL cells or glomerular cells were observed in homozygous mutant mice. Aged homozygous mutants displayed increased serum urea concentrations and reduced specific urine gravity, but no evidence of glomerular dysfunction. These results confirm the role of POU3F3 in development and function of the TAL and provide new evidence for its involvement in regulation of the nephron number in the kidney. Therefore, Pou3f3L423P mutant mice represent a valuable research model for further analyses of POU3F3 functions, or for nephrological studies examining the role of congenital low nephron numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Aigner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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29
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Wan J, Li P, Liu DW, Chen Y, Mo HZ, Liu BG, Chen WJ, Lu XQ, Guo J, Zhang Q, Qiao YJ, Liu ZS, Wan GR. GSK-3β inhibitor attenuates urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic db/db mice, and delays epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mouse kidneys and podocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1771-84. [PMID: 27357417 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by high glucose (HG) stimulation in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of HG on EMT and the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‑3β) in podocytes and the kidneys of db/db mice, and assessed the effects of (2'Z, 3'E)‑6‑bromoindirubin‑3'‑oxime (BIO), an inhibitor of GSK‑3β, on EMT and glomerular injury. The resulting data showed that the activity of GSK‑3β was upregulated by HG and downregulated by BIO in the podocytes and the renal cortex. The expression levels of epithelial markers, including nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin, were decreased by HG and increased by BIO, whereas the reverse were true for mesenchymal markers, including α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) and fibronectin. The expression levels of β‑catenin and Snail, in contrast to current understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway, were increased by HG and decreased by BIO. In addition, expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was decreased by HG and increased by BIO. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the mechanism by which BIO inhibited HG‑mediated EMT in podocytes and the renal cortex was primarily due to the VDR. Treatment with BIO protected renal function by maintaining the integrity of the filtration membrane and decreasing UAE, but not by regulating blood glucose. Therefore, GSK‑3β may be used as a sensitive biomarker of DN, and its inhibition by BIO may be effective in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wan
- Henan Food and Drug Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Guo Liu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Modern Education Technology Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450012, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Rui Wan
- Pharmaceutical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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30
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Xing L, Liu Q, Fu S, Li S, Yang L, Liu S, Hao J, Yu L, Duan H. PTEN Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Phenotypic Transition in Podocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1776-84. [PMID: 25736988 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that podocytes undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanisms of EMT in podocyte are not well understood. PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the progression of DN. In the present study, we demonstrated that PI3K/Akt pathway was activated in podocytes exposed to high glucose conditions, accompanied by down-regulation of the podocalyxin (PCX) and nephrin expression and up-regulation of the desmin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway by chemical LY294002 or Phosphase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) prevented the phenotypic transition. These findings indicate that PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway mediates high glucose-induced phenotypic transition in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xing
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.,Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Qingjuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Shuxia Fu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Shaomei Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Lianying Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
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31
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Du M, Wang Q, Li W, Ma X, Wu L, Guo F, Zhao S, Huang F, Wang H, Qin G. Overexpression of FOXO1 ameliorates the podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by high glucose in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:416-22. [PMID: 26902117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pathway that potentially leads to podocyte depletion and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the protective effects of forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) on podocyte EMT, under high-glucose (HG) conditions in vitro and under diabetic conditions in vivo. The results showed that HG-induced podocyte EMT was associated with FOXO1 inactivation, which was accompanied by activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD3/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway. Accordingly, constitutive FOXO1 activation suppressed the TGF-β1/Smad3/ILK pathway and partially reversed EMT, similar to the effects observed after treatment with SIS3 or QLT0267, which are selective inhibitors of TGF-β1-dependent SMAD3 phosphorylation and ILK, respectively. In addition, lentiviral-mediated FOXO1 overexpression in the kidneys of diabetic mice considerably increased FOXO1 expression and activation, while decreasing proteinuria and renal pathological injury. These data suggested that forced FOXO1 activation inhibited HG-induced podocyte EMT and ameliorated proteinuria and renal injury in diabetic mice. Our findings further highlighted that FOXO1 played a protective role against diabetes in mice and may potentially be used as a novel therapeutic target for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuiying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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32
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Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule. When it comes to glomerular filtration, podocytes play an active role in preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate by providing a barrier comprising filtration slits between foot processes, which in aggregate represent a dynamic network of cellular extensions. Foot processes interdigitate with foot processes from adjacent podocytes and form a network of narrow and rather uniform gaps. The fenestrated endothelial cells retain blood cells but permit passage of small solutes and an overlying basement membrane less permeable to macromolecules, in particular to albumin. The cytoskeletal dynamics and structural plasticity of podocytes as well as the signaling between each of these distinct layers are essential for an efficient glomerular filtration and thus for proper renal function. The genetic or acquired impairment of podocytes may lead to foot process effacement (podocyte fusion or retraction), a morphological hallmark of proteinuric renal diseases. Here, we briefly discuss aspects of a contemporary view of podocytes in glomerular filtration, the patterns of structural changes in podocytes associated with common glomerular diseases, and the current state of basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Sala G, Badalamenti S, Ponticelli C. The Renal Connexome and Possible Roles of Connexins in Kidney Diseases. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 67:677-87. [PMID: 26613807 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Connexins are membrane-spanning proteins that allow for the formation of cell-to-cell channels and cell-to-extracellular space hemichannels. Many connexin subtypes are expressed in kidney cells. Some mutations in connexin genes have been linked to various human pathologies, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, lung, and skin diseases, but the exact role of connexins in kidney disease remains unclear. Some hypotheses about a connection between genetic mutations, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in kidney pathology have been explored. The potential relationship of kidney disease to abnormal production of connexin proteins, mutations in their genes together with ER stress, or the UPR is still a matter of debate. In this scenario, it is tantalizing to speculate about a possible role of connexins in the setting of kidney pathologies that are thought to be caused by a deregulated podocyte protein expression, the so-called podocytopathies. In this article, we give examples of the roles of connexins in kidney (patho)physiology and propose avenues for further research concerning connexins, ER stress, and UPR in podocytopathies that may ultimately help refine drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sala
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Claudio Ponticelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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34
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Cano-Peñalver JL, Griera M, García-Jerez A, Hatem-Vaquero M, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Frutos SD, Rodríguez-Puyol M. Renal Integrin-Linked Kinase Depletion Induces Kidney cGMP-Axis Upregulation: Consequences on Basal and Acutely Damaged Renal Function. Mol Med 2015; 21:873-885. [PMID: 26562149 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is activated by nitric oxide (NO) and produces cGMP, which activates cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) and is hydrolyzed by specific phosphodiesterases (PDE). The vasodilatory and cytoprotective capacity of cGMP-axis activation results in a therapeutic strategy for several pathologies. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix and intracellular signaling pathways, may modulate the expression and functionality of the cGMP-axis-related proteins. We introduce ILK as a novel modulator in renal homeostasis as well as a potential target for cisplatin (CIS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) improvement. We used an adult mice model of depletion of ILK (cKD-ILK), which showed basal increase of sGC and PKG expressions and activities in renal cortex when compared with wildtype (WT) littermates. Twenty-four h activation of sGC activation with NO enhanced the filtration rate in cKD-ILK. During AKI, cKD-ILK maintained the cGMP-axis upregulation with consequent filtration rates enhancement and ameliorated CIS-dependent tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation and markers. To emphasize the role of cGMP-axis upregulation due to ILK depletion, we modulated the cGMP axis under AKI in vivo and in renal cultured cells. A suboptimal dose of the PDE inhibitor ZAP enhanced the beneficial effects of the ILK depletion in AKI mice. On the other hand, CIS increased contractility-related events in cultured glomerular mesangial cells and necrosis rates in cultured tubular cells; ILK depletion protected the cells while sGC blockade with ODQ fully recovered the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cano-Peñalver
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Jerez
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Ye M, Zheng J, Chen X, Chen X, Wu X, Lin X, Liu Y. Prednisone inhibits the focal adhesion kinase/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7471-8. [PMID: 26459042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of prednisone on adriamycin-induced nephritic rat kidney damage via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. An adriamycin‑induced nephritic rat model was established to investigate these mechanisms. A total of 30 healthy male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the normal, model or prednisone group. Samples of urine were collected over the course of 24 h at days 7, 14, and 28, and renal cortex tissue samples were harvested at days 14, and 28 following nephritic rat model establishment. The total urinary protein content was measured by biuret colorimetry. Pathological changes in the kidney tissue samples were observed using an electron microscope. The mRNA expressions levels of FAK, RANKL, p38, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), and nephrin were then quantified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the protein expressions levels of FAK, RANKL, p38, ERK, JNK, phosphorylated (p)‑FAK, p‑ERK, and p‑JNK were quantified by western blotting. As compared with the normal group, the protein expression levels of FAK, RANKL, p-FAK, p38 and p-ERK in the model group were increased. In the prednisone group, the protein expression levels of p-ERK decreased, as compared with the normal group. In the prednisone group, the urinary protein levels, the protein expression levels of FAK, RANKL, p38, p-FAK, p-p38 and the mRNA expression levels of FAK, p38, RANKL, ERK, JNK decreased, as compared with the model group. In the prednisone group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of nephrin and the serum expression levels of RANKL increased, the serum expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) were decreased, as compared with the model group. No significant changes in the protein expression levels of JNK were observed among the groups. These results suggested that prednisone is able to protect podocytes from apoptosis, and reduce urinary protein levels by inhibiting the FAK/RANKL/MAPK signaling pathway in kidney tissue samples. Serum prednisone may induce osteoporosis via the OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyuan Ye
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Nephropathy, The People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Nephropathy, The People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Nephropathy, The People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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36
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Chen Z, Migeon T, Verpont MC, Zaidan M, Sado Y, Kerjaschki D, Ronco P, Plaisier E. HANAC Syndrome Col4a1 Mutation Causes Neonate Glomerular Hyperpermeability and Adult Glomerulocystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1042-54. [PMID: 26260163 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary angiopathy, nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps (HANAC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in COL4A1 that encodes the α1 chain of collagen IV, a major component of basement membranes. Patients present with cerebral small vessel disease, retinal tortuosity, muscle cramps, and kidney disease consisting of multiple renal cysts, chronic kidney failure, and sometimes hematuria. Mutations producing HANAC syndrome localize within the integrin binding site containing CB3[IV] fragment of the COL4A1 protein. To investigate the pathophysiology of HANAC syndrome, we generated mice harboring the Col4a1 p.Gly498Val mutation identified in a family with the syndrome. Col4a1 G498V mutation resulted in delayed glomerulogenesis and podocyte differentiation without reduction of nephron number, causing albuminuria and hematuria in newborns. The glomerular defects resolved within the first month, but glomerular cysts developed in 3-month-old mutant mice. Abnormal structure of Bowman's capsule was associated with metalloproteinase induction and activation of the glomerular parietal epithelial cells that abnormally expressed CD44,α-SMA, ILK, and DDR1. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed around glomeruli and arterioles. Homozygous Col4a1 G498V mutant mice additionally showed dysmorphic papillae and urinary concentration defects. These results reveal a developmental role for the α1α1α2 collagen IV molecule in the embryonic glomerular basement membrane, affecting podocyte differentiation. The observed association between molecular alteration of the collagenous network in Bowman's capsule of the mature kidney and activation of parietal epithelial cells, matrix remodeling, and inflammation may account for glomerular cyst development and CKD in patients with COL4A1-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Chen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Tiffany Migeon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)S 1155, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Verpont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)S 1155, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Yoshikazu Sado
- Division of Immunology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Pierre Ronco
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)S 1155, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Plaisier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)S 1155, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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37
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Abstract
The function of the kidney, filtering blood and concentrating metabolic waste into urine, takes place in an intricate and functionally elegant structure called the renal glomerulus. Normal glomerular function retains circulating cells and valuable macromolecular components of plasma in blood, resulting in urine with just trace amounts of proteins. Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries, the podocytes wrapped around them, and the fused extracellular matrix these cells form altogether comprise the glomerular filtration barrier, a dynamic and highly selective filter that sieves on the basis of molecular size and electrical charge. Current understanding of the structural organization and the cellular and molecular basis of renal filtration draws from studies of human glomerular diseases and animal models of glomerular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy P Scott
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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38
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Inoue K, Ishibe S. Podocyte endocytosis in the regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F398-405. [PMID: 26084928 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00136.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe defects in the glomerular filtration barrier result in nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by massive proteinuria. The podocyte, a specialized epithelial cell with interdigitating foot processes separated by a slit diaphragm, plays a vital role in regulating the passage of proteins from the capillary lumen to Bowman's space. Recent findings suggest a critical role for endocytosis in podocyte biology as highlighted by genetic mouse models of disease and human genetic mutations that result in the loss of the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. In vitro podocyte studies have also unraveled a plethora of constituents that are differentially internalized to maintain homeostasis. These observations provide a framework and impetus for understanding the precise regulation of podocyte endocytic machinery in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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39
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Li SY, Huang PH, Tarng DC, Lin TP, Yang WC, Chang YH, Yang AH, Lin CC, Yang MH, Chen JW, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Chien S, Chu PH, Lin SJ. Four-and-a-Half LIM Domains Protein 2 Is a Coactivator of Wnt Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3072-84. [PMID: 25855776 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication that leads to kidney dysfunction and ESRD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Podocyte Wnt-pathway activation has been demonstrated to be a trigger mechanism for various proteinuric diseases. Notably, four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is highly expressed in urogenital systems and has been implicated in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we used in vitro podocyte culture experiments and a streptozotocin-induced DKD model in FHL2 gene-knockout mice to determine the possible role of FHL2 in DKD and to clarify its association with the Wnt pathway. In human and mouse kidney tissues, FHL2 protein was abundantly expressed in podocytes but not in renal tubular cells. Treatment with high glucose or diabetes-related cytokines, including angiotensin II and TGF-β1, activated FHL2 protein and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cultured podocytes. This activation also upregulated FHL2 expression and promoted FHL2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus. Genetic deletion of the FHL2 gene mitigated the podocyte dedifferentiation caused by activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling under Wnt-On, but not under Wnt-Off, conditions. Diabetic FHL2(+/+) mice developed markedly increased albuminuria and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane compared with nondiabetic FHL2(+/+) mice. However, FHL2 knockout significantly attenuated these DKD-induced changes. Furthermore, kidney samples from patients with diabetes had a higher degree of FHL2 podocyte nuclear translocation, which was positively associated with albuminuria and progressive renal function deterioration. Therefore, we conclude that FHL2 has both structural and functional protein-protein interactions with β-catenin in the podocyte nucleus and that FHL2 protein inhibition can mitigate Wnt/β-catenin-induced podocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Hang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute and Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Geert W Schmid-Schönbein
- The Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Departments of Bioengineering, Nanoengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Healthcare Center; Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute and Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Mao J, Zeng Z, Xu Z, Li J, Jiang L, Fang Y, Xu X, Hu Z, He W, Yang J, Dai C. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation in podocytes promotes cellular crescent formation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1023-32. [PMID: 24990893 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00018.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes play a key role in the formation of cellular crescents in experimental and human diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms for podocytes in promoting crescent formation need further investigation. Here, we demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling was remarkably activated and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α expression was largely induced in cellular crescents from patients with crescentic glomerular diseases. Specific deletion of Tsc1 in podocytes led to mTORC1 activation in podocytes and kidney dysfunction in mice. Interestingly, 33 of 36 knockouts developed cellular or mixed cellular and fibrous crescents at 7 wk of age (14.19±3.86% of total glomeruli in knockouts vs. 0% in control littermates, n=12-36, P=0.04). All of the seven knockouts developed crescents at 12 wk of age (30.92±11.961% of total glomeruli in knockouts vs. 0% in control littermates, n=4-7, P=0.002). Most notably, bridging cells between the glomerular tuft and the parietal basement membrane as well as the cellular crescents were immunostaining positive for WT1, p-S6, HIF1α, and Cxcr4. Furthermore, continuously administrating rapamycin starting at 7 wk of age for 5 wk abolished crescents as well as the induction of p-S6, HIF1α, and Cxcr4 in the glomeruli from the knockouts. Together, it is concluded that mTORC1 activation in podocytes promotes cellular crescent formation, and targeting this signaling may shed new light on the treatment of patients with crescentic glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Mao
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Zeng
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangzhong Li
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Urology, 1st People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China; and
| | - Zhangxue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;
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41
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Sasaki H, Sasaki N, Nishino T, Nagasaki KI, Kitamura H, Torigoe D, Agui T. Quantitative trait Loci for resistance to the congenital nephropathy in tensin 2-deficient mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99602. [PMID: 24967628 PMCID: PMC4072594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mouse is a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model that is characterized histologically by glomerulosclerosis, vascular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and clinically by proteinuria and anemia, which are common symptoms and pathological changes associated with a variety of kidney diseases. Previously, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify the causative genes for proteinuria in ICGN mice, and found a deletion mutation of the tensin 2 gene (Tns2nph, MGI no: 2447990). Interestingly, the congenic strain carrying the Tns2nph mutation on a C57BL/6J (B6) genetic background exhibited milder phenotypes than did ICGN mice, indicating the presence of several modifier genes controlling the disease phenotype. In this study, to identify the modifier/resistant loci for CKD progression in Tns2-deficient mice, we performed QTL analysis using backcross progenies from susceptible ICGN and resistant B6 mice. We identified a significant locus on chromosome (Chr) 2 (LOD = 5.36; 31 cM) and two suggestive loci on Chrs 10 (LOD = 2.27; 64 cM) and X (LOD = 2.65; 67 cM) with linkage to the severity of tubulointerstitial injury. One significant locus on Chr 13 (LOD = 3.49; approximately 14 cM) and one suggestive locus on Chr 2 (LOD = 2.41; 51 cM) were identified as QTLs for the severity of glomerulosclerosis. Suggestive locus in BUN was also detected in the same Chr 2 region (LOD = 2.34; 51 cM). A locus on Chr 2 (36 cM) was significantly linked with HGB (LOD = 4.47) and HCT (LOD = 3.58). Four novel epistatic loci controlling either HGB or tubulointerstitial injury were discovered. Further genetic analysis should lead to identification of CKD modifier gene(s), aiding early diagnosis and providing novel approaches to the discovery of drugs for the treatment and possible prevention of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nagasaki
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Torigoe
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Agui
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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42
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Winograd-Katz SE, Fässler R, Geiger B, Legate KR. The integrin adhesome: from genes and proteins to human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:273-88. [PMID: 24651544 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adhesive interactions of cells with their environment through the integrin family of transmembrane receptors have key roles in regulating multiple aspects of cellular physiology, including cell proliferation, viability, differentiation and migration. Consequently, failure to establish functional cell adhesions, and thus the assembly of associated cytoplasmic scaffolding and signalling networks, can have severe pathological effects. The roles of specific constituents of integrin-mediated adhesions, which are collectively known as the 'integrin adhesome', in diverse pathological states are becoming clear. Indeed, the prominence of mutations in specific adhesome molecules in various human diseases is now appreciated, and experimental as well as in silico approaches provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina E Winograd-Katz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kyle R Legate
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. [2] Center for Nanosciences, Department of Applied Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80799 Munich, Germany
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43
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Integrin-linked kinase plays a key role in the regulation of angiotensin II-induced renal inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:19-31. [PMID: 24383472 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ILK (integrin-linked kinase) is an intracellular serine/threonine kinase involved in cell-matrix interactions. ILK dysregulation has been described in chronic renal disease and modulates podocyte function and fibrosis, whereas data about its role in inflammation are scarce. AngII (angiotensin II) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes renal inflammation. AngII blockers are renoprotective and down-regulate ILK in experimental kidney disease, but the involvement of ILK in the actions of AngII in the kidney has not been addressed. Therefore we have investigated whether ILK signalling modulates the kidney response to systemic AngII infusion in wild-type and ILK-conditional knockout mice. In wild-type mice, AngII induced an inflammatory response, characterized by infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes, and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors (chemokines, adhesion molecules and cytokines). AngII activated several intracellular signalling mechanisms, such as the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) transcription factor, Akt and production of ROS (reactive oxygen species). All these responses were prevented in AngII-infused ILK-deficient mice. In vitro studies characterized further the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response modulated by ILK. In cultured tubular epithelial cells ILK blockade, by siRNA, inhibited AngII-induced NF-κB subunit p65 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. Moreover, ILK gene silencing prevented NF-κB-related pro-inflammatory gene up-regulation. The results of the present study demonstrate that ILK plays a key role in the regulation of renal inflammation by modulating the canonical NF-κB pathway, and suggest a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory renal diseases.
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44
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Schmidt-Ott KM. The Ebf1 knockout mouse and glomerular maturation. Kidney Int 2014; 85:1014-6. [PMID: 24786875 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the transcription factor early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) lack mature B lymphocytes but have additional phenotypes suggesting functions outside the hematopoietic system. Fretz et al. report that these mice also exhibit quantitative and qualitative developmental renal defects and develop progressive podocyte foot process effacement. The findings not only suggest that Ebf1 may be pivotal to the transcriptional podocyte network, but also illustrate the importance of distinguishing cell-autonomous and non-autonomous inputs to podocyte maturation and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- 1] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany [2] Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [3] Department of Nephrology, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Cano-Peñalver JL, Griera M, Serrano I, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Dedhar S, de Frutos S, Rodríguez-Puyol M. Integrin-linked kinase regulates tubular aquaporin-2 content and intracellular location: a link between the extracellular matrix and water reabsorption. FASEB J 2014; 28:3645-59. [PMID: 24784577 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-249250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the clinical alterations observed in chronic renal disease (CRD) is the impaired urine concentration, known as diabetes insipidus (DI). Tubulointerstitial fibrosis of the kidney is also a pathological finding observed in CRD and involves composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, an association between these two events has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that the extracellular-to-intracellular scaffold protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulates expression of tubular water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and its apical membrane presence in the renal tubule. Basally, polyuria and decreased urine osmolality were present in ILK conditional-knockdown (cKD-ILK) adult mice compared with nondepleted ILK littermates. No changes were observed in arginine-vasopressin (AVP) blood levels, renal receptor (V2R), or AQP3 expression. However, tubular AQP2 was decreased in expression and apical membrane presence in cKD-ILK mice, where the canonical V2R/cAMP axis activation is still functional, but independent of the absence of ILK. Thus, cKD-ILK constitutes a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) model. AQP2 and ILK colocalize in cultured inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. Specific ILK siRNAs and collagen I (Col) decrease ILK and AQP2 levels and AQP2 presence on the membrane of tubular mIMCD3 cells, which impairs the capacity of the cells to transport water under hypotonic stress. The present work points to ILK as a therapeutic target in NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Cano-Peñalver
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Serrano
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Foundation and Department of Nephrology, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Bull KR, Mason T, Rimmer AJ, Crockford TL, Silver KL, Bouriez-Jones T, Hough TA, Chaudhry S, Roberts ISD, Goodnow CC, Cornall RJ. Next-generation sequencing to dissect hereditary nephrotic syndrome in mice identifies a hypomorphic mutation in Lamb2 and models Pierson's syndrome. J Pathol 2014; 233:18-26. [PMID: 24293254 PMCID: PMC4241031 DOI: 10.1002/path.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of mutations causing the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children has greatly advanced our understanding of the kidney filtration barrier. In particular, these genetic variants have illuminated the roles of the podocyte, glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cell in glomerular filtration. However, in a significant number of familial and early onset cases, an underlying mutation cannot be identified, indicating that there are likely to be multiple unknown genes with roles in glomerular permeability. We now show how the combination of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis and next-generation sequencing could be used to identify the range of mutations affecting these pathways. Using this approach, we isolated a novel mouse strain with a viable nephrotic phenotype and used whole-genome sequencing to isolate a causative hypomorphic mutation in Lamb2. This discovery generated a model for one part of the spectrum of human Pierson's syndrome and provides a powerful proof of principle for accelerating gene discovery and improving our understanding of inherited forms of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Bull
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
| | - Thomas Mason
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
| | - Andrew J Rimmer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
| | - Tanya L Crockford
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Oxford UniversityUK
| | - Karlee L Silver
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
| | - Tiphaine Bouriez-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
| | - Tertius A Hough
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshire, UK
| | - Shirine Chaudhry
- Australian Phenomics Facility, Australian National UniversityCanberra, Australia
| | - Ian SD Roberts
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, OxfordUK
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National UniversityCanberra, Australia
| | - Richard J Cornall
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford UniversityUK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Oxford UniversityUK
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47
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency attenuates diabetic nephropathy by modulation of podocyte functions and dedifferentiation. Kidney Int 2014; 86:358-69. [PMID: 24670409 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix protein and disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) affect the breakdown and turnover of extracellular matrix protein, suggesting that altered expression of MMPs may contribute to diabetic nephropathy. Here we used an MMP-9 gene knockout mouse model, with in vitro experiments and clinical samples, to determine the possible role of MMP-9 in diabetic nephropathy. After 6 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, mice developed markedly increased albuminuria, glomerular and kidney hypertrophy, and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Gelatin zymographic analysis and western blotting showed that there was enhanced MMP-9 protein production and activity in the glomeruli. However, MMP-9 knockout in diabetic mice significantly attenuated these nephropathy changes. In cultured podocytes, various cytokines related to diabetic nephropathy including TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF stimulated MMP-9 secretion. Overexpression of endogenous MMP-9 induced podocyte dedifferentiation. MMP-9 also interrupted podocyte cell integrity, promoted podocyte monolayer permeability to albumin, and extracellular matrix protein synthesis. In diabetic patients, the upregulation of urinary MMP-9 concentrations occurred earlier than the onset of microalbuminuria. Thus, MMP-9 seems to play a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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48
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Tian X, Kim JJ, Monkley SM, Gotoh N, Nandez R, Soda K, Inoue K, Balkin DM, Hassan H, Son SH, Lee Y, Moeckel G, Calderwood DA, Holzman LB, Critchley DR, Zent R, Reiser J, Ishibe S. Podocyte-associated talin1 is critical for glomerular filtration barrier maintenance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1098-113. [PMID: 24531545 PMCID: PMC3934159 DOI: 10.1172/jci69778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized actin-rich epithelial cells that line the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. The interface between the podocyte and the glomerular basement membrane requires integrins, and defects in either α3 or β1 integrin, or the α3β1 ligand laminin result in nephrotic syndrome in murine models. The large cytoskeletal protein talin1 is not only pivotal for integrin activation, but also directly links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we found that mice lacking talin1 specifically in podocytes display severe proteinuria, foot process effacement, and kidney failure. Loss of talin1 in podocytes caused only a modest reduction in β1 integrin activation, podocyte cell adhesion, and cell spreading; however, the actin cytoskeleton of podocytes was profoundly altered by the loss of talin1. Evaluation of murine models of glomerular injury and patients with nephrotic syndrome revealed that calpain-induced talin1 cleavage in podocytes might promote pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of calpain activity following glomerular injury substantially reduced talin1 cleavage, albuminuria, and foot process effacement. Collectively, these findings indicate that podocyte talin1 is critical for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and provide insight into the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susan M. Monkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramiro Nandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keita Soda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel M. Balkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hossam Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yashang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gilbert Moeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David A. Calderwood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lawrence B. Holzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Cell Biology,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair,
Department of Pathology, and
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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49
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Lennon R, Randles MJ, Humphries MJ. The importance of podocyte adhesion for a healthy glomerulus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:160. [PMID: 25352829 PMCID: PMC4196579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that cover the outer surfaces of glomerular capillaries. Unique cell junctions, known as slit diaphragms, which feature nephrin and Neph family proteins in addition to components of adherens, tight, and gap junctions, connect adjacent podocyte foot processes. Single gene disorders affecting the slit diaphragm result in nephrotic syndrome in humans, characterized by massive loss of protein across the capillary wall. In addition to specialized cell junctions, interconnecting podocytes also adhere to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of the capillary wall. The GBM is a dense network of secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM) components and contains tissue-restricted isoforms of collagen IV and laminin in addition to other structural proteins and ECM regulators such as proteases and growth factors. The specialized niche of the GBM provides a scaffold for endothelial cells and podocytes to support their unique functions and human genetic mutations in GBM components lead to renal failure, thus highlighting the importance of cell-matrix interactions in the glomerulus. Cells adhere to ECM via adhesion receptors, including integrins, syndecans, and dystroglycan and in particular the integrin heterodimer α3β1 is required to maintain barrier integrity. Therefore, the sophisticated function of glomerular filtration relies on podocyte adhesion both at cell junctions and at the interface with the ECM. In health, the podocyte coordinates signals from cell junctions and cell-matrix interactions, in response to environmental cues in order to regulate filtration and as our understanding of mechanisms that control cell adhesion in the glomerulus develops, then insight into the effects of disease will improve. The ultimate goal will be to develop targeted therapies to prevent or repair defects in the filtration barrier and to restore glomerular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- *Correspondence: Rachel Lennon, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK e-mail:
| | - Michael J. Randles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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50
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Uchio-Yamada K, Sawada K, Tamura K, Katayama S, Monobe Y, Yamamoto Y, Ogura A, Manabe N. Tenc1-deficient mice develop glomerular disease in a strain-specific manner. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 123:22-33. [PMID: 23988887 DOI: 10.1159/000354058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Tenc1 (also known as tensin2) is an integrin-associated focal adhesion molecule that is broadly expressed in mouse tissues including the liver, muscle, heart and kidney. A mouse strain carrying mutated Tenc1, the ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) strain, develops severe nephrotic syndrome. METHODS To elucidate the function of Tenc1 in the kidney, Tenc1(ICGN) was introduced into 2 genetic backgrounds, i.e. DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6), strains that are respectively susceptible and resistant to chronic kidney disease. RESULTS Biochemical and histological analysis revealed that homozygous Tenc1(ICGN) mice develop nephrotic syndrome on the D2 background (D2GN) but not on the B6 background (B6GN). Initially, abnormal assembly and maturation of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed, and subsequently effacement of podocyte foot processes was noted in the kidneys of D2GN but not B6GN mice. These defects are likely to be involved in the integrin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Tenc1 contributes to the maintenance of GBM structures and that the genetic background influences the severity of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Uchio-Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
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