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Bărar AA, Pralea IE, Maslyennikov Y, Munteanu R, Berindan-Neagoe I, Pîrlog R, Rusu I, Nuțu A, Rusu CC, Moldovan DT, Potra AR, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Elec FI, Iuga CA, Kacso IM. Minimal Change Disease: Pathogenetic Insights from Glomerular Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5613. [PMID: 38891801 PMCID: PMC11171934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction in minimal change disease (MCD) remains unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the potential pathophysiology of MCD using glomerular proteomic analysis. Shotgun proteomics using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) renal biopsies from two groups of samples: control (CTR) and MCD. Glomeruli were excised from FFPE renal biopsies using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and a single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) digestion method was used to improve yield and protein identifications. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a distinct separation between the CTR and MCD groups. Forty-eight proteins with different abundance between the two groups (p-value ≤ 0.05 and |FC| ≥ 1.5) were identified. These may represent differences in podocyte structure, as well as changes in endothelial or mesangial cells and extracellular matrix, and some were indeed found in several of these structures. However, most differentially expressed proteins were linked to the podocyte cytoskeleton and its dynamics. Some of these proteins are known to be involved in focal adhesion (NID1 and ITGA3) or slit diaphragm signaling (ANXA2, TJP1 and MYO1C), while others are structural components of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of podocytes (ACTR3 and NES). This study suggests the potential of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic analysis with LCM glomeruli to yield valuable insights into the pathogenesis of podocytopathies like MCD. The most significantly dysregulated proteins in MCD could be attributable to cytoskeleton dysfunction or may be a compensatory response to cytoskeleton malfunction caused by various triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Alina Bărar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Yuriy Maslyennikov
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Radu Pîrlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Nuțu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Crina Claudia Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Diana Tania Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alina Ramona Potra
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Florin Ioan Elec
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Maria Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
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2
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Ma S, Qiu Y, Zhang C. Cytoskeleton Rearrangement in Podocytopathies: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:647. [PMID: 38203817 PMCID: PMC10779434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury can disrupt the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), leading to podocytopathies that emphasize podocytes as the glomerulus's key organizer. The coordinated cytoskeleton is essential for supporting the elegant structure and complete functions of podocytes. Therefore, cytoskeleton rearrangement is closely related to the pathogenesis of podocytopathies. In podocytopathies, the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton refers to significant alterations in a string of slit diaphragm (SD) and focal adhesion proteins such as the signaling node nephrin, calcium influx via transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), and regulation of the Rho family, eventually leading to the disorganization of the original cytoskeletal architecture. Thus, it is imperative to focus on these proteins and signaling pathways to probe the cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytopathies. In this review, we describe podocytopathies and the podocyte cytoskeleton, then discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytopathies and summarize the effects of currently existing drugs on regulating the podocyte cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.M.); (Y.Q.)
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Age-Associated Loss in Renal Nestin-Positive Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911015. [PMID: 36232326 PMCID: PMC9569966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The decrease in the number of resident progenitor cells with age was shown for several organs. Such a loss is associated with a decline in regenerative capacity and a greater vulnerability of organs to injury. However, experiments evaluating the number of progenitor cells in the kidney during aging have not been performed until recently. Our study tried to address the change in the number of renal progenitor cells with age. Experiments were carried out on young and old transgenic nestin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice, since nestin is suggested to be one of the markers of progenitor cells. We found that nestin+ cells in kidney tissue were located in the putative niches of resident renal progenitor cells. Evaluation of the amount of nestin+ cells in the kidneys of different ages revealed a multifold decrease in the levels of nestin+ cells in old mice. In vitro experiments on primary cultures of renal tubular cells showed that all cells including nestin+ cells from old mice had a lower proliferation rate. Moreover, the resistance to damaging factors was reduced in cells obtained from old mice. Our data indicate the loss of resident progenitor cells in kidneys and a decrease in renal cells proliferative capacity with aging.
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Human Primary Odontoblast-like Cell Cultures—A Focused Review Regarding Cell Characterization. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185296. [PMID: 36142943 PMCID: PMC9501234 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures can provide useful in vitro models. Since odontoblasts are postmitotic cells, they cannot be expanded in cell cultures. Due to their extension into the dentin, injuries are inevitable during isolation. Therefore, “odontoblast-like” cell culture models have been established. Nowadays, there is no accepted definition of odontoblast-like cell cultures, i.e., isolation, induction, and characterization of cells are not standardized. Furthermore, no quality-control procedures are defined yet. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate both the methods used for establishment of cell cultures and the validity of molecular methods used for their characterization. An electronic search was performed in February 2022 using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science database identifying publications that used human primary odontoblast-like cell cultures as models and were published between 2016 and 2022. Data related to (I) cell culture conditions, (II) stem cell screening, (III) induction media, (IV) mineralization, and (V) cell characterization were analyzed. The included publications were not able to confirm an odontoblast-like nature of their cell cultures. For their characterization, not only a similarity to dentin but also a distinction from bone must be demonstrated. This is challenging, due to the developmental and evolutionary proximity of these two tissue types.
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Shi H, Zhao Y, He T, Wen X, Qu G, Li S, Gan W, Zhang A. Rapamycin attenuated podocyte apoptosis via upregulation of nestin in Ang II-induced podocyte injury. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2119-2128. [PMID: 35149934 PMCID: PMC8863685 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to the progression of glomerulosclerosis, mainly by inducing podocyte injury. Convincing evidence indicates that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin could play a fundamental role in protection against podocyte injury. Nestin, a major cytoskeletal protein, is stably expressed in podocytes and correlates with podocyte damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin on podocyte injury induced by Ang II and to clarify the role and mechanism of nestin in the protective effect of rapamycin of podocyte injury. Methods and results We established an Ang II perfusion animal model, and the effects of rapamycin treatment on podocytes were investigated in vivo. In vitro, podocytes were stimulated with Ang II and rapamycin to observe podocyte injury, and nestin-siRNA was transfected to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We observed that Ang II induced podocyte injury both in vivo and in vitro, whereas rapamycin treatment relieved Ang II-induced podocyte injury. We further found that nestin co-localized with p-mTOR in glomeruli, and the protective effect of rapamycin was reduced by nestin-siRNA in podocytes. Moreover, co-IP indicated the interaction between nestin and p-mTOR, and nestin could affect podocyte injury via the mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway. Conclusion We demonstrated that rapamycin attenuated podocyte apoptosis via upregulation of nestin expression through the mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway in an Ang II-induced podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Shi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianli Wen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gaoting Qu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Agarwal S, Sudhini YR, Polat OK, Reiser J, Altintas MM. Renal cell markers: lighthouses for managing renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F715-F739. [PMID: 34632812 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecular-level understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term "cell marker" might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Onur K Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
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Magassa S, Aron L, Hoguin C, Isnard P, Terzi F, Legendre C, Yankner BA, Canaud G. REST and Stress Resistance in the Aging Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1974-1986. [PMID: 34078664 PMCID: PMC8455262 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CKD is associated with the loss of functional nephr ons, leading to increased mechanical and metabolic stress in the remaining cells, particularly for cells constituting the filtration barrier, such as podocytes. The failure of podocytes to mount an adequate stress response can lead to further nephron loss and disease progression. However, the mechanisms that regulate this degenerative process in the kidney are unknown. METHODS We combined in vitro, in vivo, and organ-on-chip approaches to identify the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a repressor of neuronal genes during embryonic development, as a central regulator of podocyte adaptation to injury and aging. RESULTS Mice with a specific deletion of REST in podocytes exhibit albuminuria, podocyte apoptosis, and glomerulosclerosis during aging, and exhibit increased vulnerability to renal injury. This phenotype is mediated, in part, by the effects of REST on the podocyte cytoskeleton that promote resistance to mechanical stressors and augment podocyte survival. Finally, REST expression is upregulated in human podocytes during aging, consistent with a conserved mechanism of stress resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest REST protects the kidney from injury and degeneration during aging, with potentially important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Magassa
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Liviu Aron
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clément Hoguin
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Isnard
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bruce A Yankner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Université de Paris, Paris, France .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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Bazina F, Brouxhon SM, Kyrkanides S. Reprogramming oral epithelial keratinocytes into a pluripotent phenotype for tissue regeneration. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1112-1121. [PMID: 34021738 PMCID: PMC8638285 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We set out to reprogram adult somatic oral epithelial keratinocytes into pluripotent cells for regenerative dentistry. Setting and Sample population Immortalized murine oral keratinocyte cell (IMOK) line raised from adult mouse mucosa were cultured in vitro in our studies. Materials and Methods Adult murine oral epithelial keratinocytes were chronically treated with TGF‐β1 in vitro, and the expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Nestin, as well as specific homeobox Gata and Pax gene family members were investigated. Results We documented the induction of stem factors linked with pluripotency and/or the maintenance and regulation of stem‐cell self‐renewal in oral epithelial keratinocytes by TGFβ1. Moreover, we discovered that this TGF‐β1‐induced increase in Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Nestin was inhibited by SB431542, suggesting that TGF‐β1 signals via the TGF‐βRI receptor to induce pluripotency and stemness. Conclusions Adult oral epithelial keratinocytes treated chronically with TGF‐β1 acquired phenotypic characteristics consistent with pluripotent stem cells, highlighting the facileness of reprogramming adult oral keratinocytes into an unlimited supply of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayrouz Bazina
- Ph.D. Program in Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sabine M Brouxhon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stephanos Kyrkanides
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Tunç BS, Toprak F, Toprak SF, Sozer S. In vitro investigation of growth factors including MGF and IGF-1 in neural stem cell activation, proliferation, and migration. Brain Res 2021; 1759:147366. [PMID: 33607046 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is mainly activated after damage in adult tissues. This destruction activates the neural stem cells (NSCs) by exiting from a quiescent state and initiating proliferation, differentiation, and migration towards the damaged area. Although studies have investigated to clarify the process of NSC biology and neurogenesis, there are still significant artifacts in understanding the primary mechanism. It is known that only a small percentage of NSC become neurons and integrate into the brain tissue after this process. The significant proportion differentiates to become either astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, the quiescent stem cells in the niche are mainly activated by the stimuli affect. In recent years, many studies have been conducted with varying hormones, some of which might provide neuro-stimulation effect and/or involved in the regeneration of the brain tissue and/or neuroprotection from traumatic or ischemic pathologies, including Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Mechano Growth Factor (MGF), Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-2), Erythropoietin (EPO), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). In this study, we examined the effects of FGF-2, MGF, IGF-1, EPO, EGF, NGF, and BDNF alone or with various combinations on rat hippocampal NSC by tracking the changes in the expression of Nestin, GFAP, TUBB3, and DCX genes during 24 h (h), 72 h and 168 h time frame. The apoptosis analysis revealed that FGF-2 and FGF-2 coupled growth factors effectively protect NSCs against apoptosis, whereas MGF coupled growth factors failed in this protection. The cell cycle analysis demonstrated that these growth factors had accumulated the NSCs exit from the quiescent phase to the Mitosis phase, mostly without being long in the Synthesis Phase. Neurosphere sizes were increased with MGF, signifying MGF being effective in neural progenitor cells. The combined use of MGF with FGF-2 was more effective in postmitotic neurons than MGF alone. We have comparatively demonstrated the effect of cytokines alone and combined administration on activation, proliferation, and migration of NSCs. Although many issues are still waiting to be investigated in adult neurogenesis, neural regeneration, and adult neural stem cell biology, the results provide vital resources to the researchers that are interested in the varying effect of growth factor on NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Sarya Tunç
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Toprak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Fulya Toprak
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Sozer
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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10
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Single cell RNA sequencing uncovers cellular developmental sequences and novel potential intercellular communications in embryonic kidney. Sci Rep 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33420268 PMCID: PMC7794461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney development requires the coordinated growth and differentiation of multiple cells. Despite recent single cell profiles in nephrogenesis research, tools for data analysis are rapidly developing, and offer an opportunity to gain additional insight into kidney development. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from embryonic mouse kidney were re-analyzed. Manifold learning based on partition-based graph-abstraction coordinated cells, reflecting their expected lineage relationships. Consequently, the coordination in combination with ForceAtlas2 enabled the inference of parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule and the inference of cells involved in the developmental process from the S-shaped body to each nephron segment. RNA velocity suggested developmental sequences of proximal tubules and podocytes. In combination with a Markov chain algorithm, RNA velocity suggested the self-renewal processes of nephron progenitors. NicheNet analyses suggested that not only cells belonging to ureteric bud and stroma, but also endothelial cells, macrophages, and pericytes may contribute to the differentiation of cells from nephron progenitors. Organ culture of embryonic mouse kidney demonstrated that nerve growth factor, one of the nephrogenesis-related factors inferred by NicheNet, contributed to mitochondrial biogenesis in developing distal tubules. These approaches suggested previously unrecognized aspects of the underlying mechanisms for kidney development.
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11
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Ge X, Zhang T, Yu X, Muwonge AN, Anandakrishnan N, Wong NJ, Haydak JC, Reid JM, Fu J, Wong JS, Bhattacharya S, Cuttitta CM, Zhong F, Gordon RE, Salem F, Janssen W, Hone JC, Zhang A, Li H, He JC, Gusella GL, Campbell KN, Azeloglu EU. LIM-Nebulette Reinforces Podocyte Structural Integrity by Linking Actin and Vimentin Filaments. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2372-2391. [PMID: 32737144 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019121261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of the intricate interdigitating morphology of podocytes is crucial for glomerular filtration. One of the key aspects of specialized podocyte morphology is the segregation and organization of distinct cytoskeletal filaments into different subcellular components, for which the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Cells from rats, mice, and humans were used to describe the cytoskeletal configuration underlying podocyte structure. Screening the time-dependent proteomic changes in the rat puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy model correlated the actin-binding protein LIM-nebulette strongly with glomerular function. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunogold labeling were used to determine Nebl expression specificity in podocytes. Automated high-content imaging, super-resolution microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), live-cell imaging of calcium, and measurement of motility and adhesion dynamics characterized the physiologic role of LIM-nebulette in podocytes. RESULTS Nebl knockout mice have increased susceptibility to adriamycin-induced nephropathy and display morphologic, cytoskeletal, and focal adhesion abnormalities with altered calcium dynamics, motility, and Rho GTPase activity. LIM-nebulette expression is decreased in diabetic nephropathy and FSGS patients at both the transcript and protein level. In mice, rats, and humans, LIM-nebulette expression is localized to primary, secondary, and tertiary processes of podocytes, where it colocalizes with focal adhesions as well as with vimentin fibers. LIM-nebulette shRNA knockdown in immortalized human podocytes leads to dysregulation of vimentin filament organization and reduced cellular elasticity as measured by AFM indentation. CONCLUSIONS LIM-nebulette is a multifunctional cytoskeletal protein that is critical in the maintenance of podocyte structural integrity through active reorganization of focal adhesions, the actin cytoskeleton, and intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alecia N Muwonge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nanditha Anandakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan C Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jordan M Reid
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jenny S Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Smiti Bhattacharya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Christina M Cuttitta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - William Janssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York .,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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12
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Tsuji K, Kitamura S, Sang Y, Fukushima K, Wada J. Adult kidney stem/progenitor cells contribute to regeneration through the secretion of trophic factors. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101865. [PMID: 32505897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult kidney stem cells are known to have important roles in renal regeneration after acute kidney injury. Although trophic factors from tissue stem cells have been reported to promote the regeneration of other organs, there is limited number of evidence of this phenomenon in the kidneys. Here, we explored the effects of secreted factors from kidney stem cells. We intraperitoneally administered culture supernatant obtained from adult rat kidney stem/progenitor cells into rat kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury models, and the treatment significantly ameliorated renal tubulointerstitial injury, suppressed tubular cell apoptosis, diminished inflammation and promoted the proliferation of both residual renal cells and immature cells. In vitro, treatment with culture supernatant from kidney stem cells significantly promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis in both normal rat kidney cells and kidney stem cells. In addition, treatment with culture supernatant increased the expression of nestin in normal rat kidney cells, suggesting the dedifferentiation of tubular cells into stem-like cells. Analysis of the culture supernatant revealed that it contained a variety of growth factors. Taken together, the results suggest that these factors together lead to renal regeneration. In conclusion, adult kidney stem cells contribute to renal regeneration indirectly through the secretion of regenerative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsuji
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yizhen Sang
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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13
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Tian Y, Guo H, Miao X, Xu J, Yang R, Zhao L, Liu J, Yang L, Gao F, Zhang W, Liu Q, Sun S, Tian Y, Li H, Huang J, Gu C, Liu S, Feng X. Nestin protects podocyte from injury in lupus nephritis by mitophagy and oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:319. [PMID: 32371936 PMCID: PMC7200703 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is the main cause of proteinuria in lupus nephritis (LN). Nestin, an important cytoskeleton protein, is expressed stably in podocytes and is associated with podocyte injury. However, the role of nestin in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in LN remains unclear. The correlations among nestin, nephrin and proteinuria were analyzed in LN patients and MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. The expression of nestin in mouse podocyte lines (MPCs) and MRL/lpr mice was knocked down to determine the role of nestin in podocyte injury. Inhibitors and RNAi method were used to explore the role of mitophagy and oxidative stress in nestin protection of podocyte from damage. There was a significantly negative correlation between nestin and proteinuria both in LN patients and MRL/lpr mice, whereas the expression of nephrin was positively correlated with nestin. Knockdown of nestin resulted in not only the decrease of nephrin, p-nephrin (Y1217) and mitophagy-associated proteins in cultured podocytes and the podocytes of MRL/lpr mice, but also mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes stimulated with LN plasma. The expression and phosphorylation of nephrin was significantly decreased by reducing the level of mitophagy or production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured podocytes. Our findings suggested that nestin regulated the expression of nephrin through mitophagy and oxidative stress to protect the podocytes from injury in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Tian
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyan Miao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinxi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cunyang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China.
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14
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Andrianova NV, Buyan MI, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Babenko VA, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB. Kidney Cells Regeneration: Dedifferentiation of Tubular Epithelium, Resident Stem Cells and Possible Niches for Renal Progenitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246326. [PMID: 31847447 PMCID: PMC6941132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A kidney is an organ with relatively low basal cellular regenerative potential. However, renal cells have a pronounced ability to proliferate after injury, which undermines that the kidney cells are able to regenerate under induced conditions. The majority of studies explain yielded regeneration either by the dedifferentiation of the mature tubular epithelium or by the presence of a resident pool of progenitor cells in the kidney tissue. Whether cells responsible for the regeneration of the kidney initially have progenitor properties or if they obtain a “progenitor phenotype” during dedifferentiation after an injury, still stays the open question. The major stumbling block in resolving the issue is the lack of specific methods for distinguishing between dedifferentiated cells and resident progenitor cells. Transgenic animals, single-cell transcriptomics, and other recent approaches could be powerful tools to solve this problem. This review examines the main mechanisms of kidney regeneration: dedifferentiation of epithelial cells and activation of progenitor cells with special attention to potential niches of kidney progenitor cells. We attempted to give a detailed description of the most controversial topics in this field and ways to resolve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V. Andrianova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina I. Buyan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
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15
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Singh KN, Ramadas MN, Veeran V, Naidu MR, Dhanaraj TS, Chandrasekaran K. Expression Pattern of the Cancer Stem Cell Marker "Nestin" in Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2019; 10:RMMJ.10378. [PMID: 31675305 PMCID: PMC6824828 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the expression pattern and localization of nestin, in an attempt to explore its role in oral carcinogenesis. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to study the expression pattern of nestin in normal mucosa, leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. Nestin expression was evaluated in the keratinocytes and blood vessels of all the samples and compared with various clinico-pathological parameters. RESULTS Nestin expression was increased in samples of leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma when compared with normal mucosa. Among leukoplakia samples, the expression was increased in cases without dysplasia compared to cases with dysplastic features. In cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of nestin was found to be decreased with the loss of differentiation. Neoangiogenesis status determined by nestin expression showed an increasing expression from normal mucosa through leukoplakia, to oral squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION This study has two major findings: (1) identification of nestin as an effective indicator of neoangiogenesis, and (2) nestin may be used as a marker in predicting the early changes in oral carcinogenesis.
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16
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Elmore SA, Kavari SL, Hoenerhoff MJ, Mahler B, Scott BE, Yabe K, Seely JC. Histology Atlas of the Developing Mouse Urinary System With Emphasis on Prenatal Days E10.5-E18.5. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:865-886. [PMID: 31599209 PMCID: PMC6814567 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319873871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract are some of the most common human developmental abnormalities. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been developed to mimic these abnormalities and aim to better understand the molecular mechanisms of disease. This atlas has been developed as an aid to pathologists and other biomedical scientists for identification of abnormalities in the developing murine urinary tract by cataloguing normal structures at each stage of development. Hematoxylin and eosin- and immunohistochemical-stained sections are provided, with a focus on E10.5-E18.5, as well as a brief discussion of postnatal events in urinary tract development. A section on abnormalities in the development of the urinary tract is also provided, and molecular mechanisms are presented as supplementary material. Additionally, overviews of the 2 key processes of kidney development, branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis, are provided to aid in the understanding of the complex organogenesis of the kidney. One of the key findings of this atlas is the histological identification of the ureteric bud at E10.5, as previous literature has provided conflicting reports on the initial point of budding. Furthermore, attention is paid to points where murine development is significantly distinct from human development, namely, in the cessation of nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sanam L Kavari
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Beth Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Koichi Yabe
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John C Seely
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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17
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Frazier KS, Ryan AM, Peterson RA, Obert LA. Kidney Pathology and Investigative Nephrotoxicology Strategies Across Species. Semin Nephrol 2019; 39:190-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Wilhelmsson U, Lebkuechner I, Leke R, Marasek P, Yang X, Antfolk D, Chen M, Mohseni P, Lasič E, Bobnar ST, Stenovec M, Zorec R, Nagy A, Sahlgren C, Pekna M, Pekny M. Nestin Regulates Neurogenesis in Mice Through Notch Signaling From Astrocytes to Neural Stem Cells. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4050-4066. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The intermediate filament (nanofilament) protein nestin is a marker of neural stem cells, but its role in neurogenesis, including adult neurogenesis, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of nestin in neurogenesis in adult nestin-deficient (Nes–/–) mice. We found that the proliferation of Nes–/– neural stem cells was not altered, but neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Nes–/– mice was increased. Surprisingly, the proneurogenic effect of nestin deficiency was mediated by its function in the astrocyte niche. Through its role in Notch signaling from astrocytes to neural stem cells, nestin negatively regulates neuronal differentiation and survival; however, its expression in neural stem cells is not required for normal neurogenesis. In behavioral studies, nestin deficiency in mice did not affect associative learning but was associated with impaired long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabell Lebkuechner
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renata Leke
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pavel Marasek
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Meng Chen
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paria Mohseni
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Lasič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Trkov Bobnar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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19
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Klein J, Schanstra JP. Implementation of Proteomics Biomarkers in Nephrology: From Animal Models to Human Application? Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800089. [PMID: 30334380 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models are extensively used in nephrology. In this review, the utility of performing proteome analysis of kidney tissue or urine in such models and transfer of the results to human application has been assessed. Analysis of the literature identified 68 relevant publications. Pathway analysis of the reported proteins clearly indicated links with known biological processes in kidney disease providing validation of the observed changes in the preclinical models. However, although most studies focused on the identification of early markers of kidney disease or prediction of its progression, none of the identified makers has made it to substantial validation in the clinic or at least in human samples. Especially in renal disease where urine is an abundant source of biomarkers of diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract, it therefore appears that the focus should be on human material based discovery studies. In contrast, the most valid information of proteome analysis of preclinical models in nephrology for translation in human disease resides in studies focusing on drug evaluation, both efficacy for translation to the clinic and for mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Klein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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20
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Riew TR, Choi JH, Kim HL, Jin X, Lee MY. PDGFR-β-Positive Perivascular Adventitial Cells Expressing Nestin Contribute to Fibrotic Scar Formation in the Striatum of 3-NP Intoxicated Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:402. [PMID: 30455628 PMCID: PMC6230557 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) have recently been implicated in fibrotic scar formation after acute brain injury, but their precise identity and detailed morphological characteristics remain elusive. This study sought to characterize and define the cellular phenotype of vascular-associated cells expressing PDGFR-β in the striatum of rats treated with the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). In the control striatum, PDGFR-β-positive cells were invariably localized on the abluminal side of smooth muscle cells of larger caliber vessels, and demonstrated morphological features typical of perivascular fibroblasts. PDGFR-β expression increased and expanded to almost all vessels, including microvessels in the lesion core, at 7 days after 3-NP injection. The cells expressing PDGFR-β had ultrastructural features of fibroblasts undergoing active collagen synthesis: large euchromatic nuclei with a prominent nucleolus, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with dilated cisterns and extracellular collagen fibrils. By 14 days, PDGFR-β-positive cells had somata located at a distance from the vasculature, and their highly ramified, slender processes overlapped with those from other cells, thus forming a plexus of processes in the extravascular space of the lesion core. In addition, their ultrastructural morphology and spatial correlation with activated microglia/macrophages were elaborated by three-dimensional reconstruction. Using a correlative light- and electron-microscopy technique, we found that the intermediate filament proteins nestin and vimentin were induced in PDGFRβ-positive fibroblasts in the lesion core. Collectively, our data suggest that perivascular PDGFR-β-positive fibroblasts are distinct from other vascular cell types, including pericytes and contribute to fibrotic scar formation in the lesion core after acute brain injury. Nestin and vimentin play critical roles in the structural dynamics of these reactive fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xuyan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Glomeruli from patients with nephrin mutations show increased number of ciliated and poorly differentiated podocytes. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:748-756. [PMID: 30193978 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes are postmitotic, highly specialized cells which maintain the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Their injury is characterized by foot processes effacement and change in protein expression leading to proteinuria and end-stage kidney disease. METHODS Our study focuses on the morphological and immunohistochemical changes of human podocytes during normal development and postnatal period, compared to congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). Kidney tissues taken from 17 human conceptuses 8th-38th weeks old, two healthy and three CNF kidneys were embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical or double immunofluorescence methods, or were embedded in resin for electron microscopy. Paraffin sections were stained with markers for proliferation (Ki-67), proteins nephrin and nestin, and alpha-tubulin. Quantification of positive cells were performed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Tissue analysis showed that proliferation of podocytes gradually decreased during development and disappeared in postnatal period. Decrease in number of ciliated glomerular cells and visceral podocytes (from 47% to 3%), and parietal epithelial cells (from 32% to 7%) characterized normal development. Nestin and nephrin co-expressed in developing podocytes in different cellular compartments. During development, nephrin expression increased (from 17% to 75%) and postnatally changed its pattern, while nestin positive glomerular cells decreased from 98% to 40%. CNF glomeruli displayed increased number of immature ciliated podocytes (6%) and parietal epithelial cells (9%). CONCLUSION Changes in cytoplasmic alpha-tubulin expression and reduced nephrin expression (20%) indicating association of incomplete podocyte maturation with failure of GFB function and appearance of prenatal proteinuria in CNF patients.
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Wang X, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhao S, Wang Z, Wang F, Shang W, Barasch J, Qiu A. Physiological functions of ferroportin in the regulation of renal iron recycling and ischemic acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1042-F1057. [PMID: 29923765 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal iron recycling preserves filtered iron from urinary excretion. However, it remains debated whether ferroportin (FPN), the only known iron exporter, is functionally involved in renal iron recycling and whether renal iron recycling is required for systemic iron homeostasis. We deleted FPN in whole nephrons by use of a Nestin-Cre and in the distal nephrons and collecting ducts, using a Ksp-Cre, and investigated its impacts on renal iron recycling and systemic iron homeostasis. FPN deletion by Nestin-Cre, but not by Ksp-Cre, caused excess iron retention and increased ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) specifically in the proximal tubules and resulted in the reduction of serum and hepatic iron. The systemic iron redistribution was aggravated, resulting in anemia and the marked downregulation of hepatic hepcidin in elderly FPN knockout (KO)/Nestin-Cre mice. Similarly, in iron-deficient FPN KO/Nestin-Cre mice, the renal iron retention worsened anemia with the activation of the erythropoietin-erythroferrone-hepcidin pathway and the downregulation of hepatic hepcidin. Hence, FPN likely located at the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubules to export iron into the circulation and was required for renal iron recycling and systemic iron homeostasis particularly in elderly and iron-deficient mice. Moreover, FPN deletion in the proximal tubules alleviated ischemic acute kidney injury, possibly by upregulating FTH1 to limit catalytic iron and by priming antioxidant mechanisms, indicating that FPN could be deleterious in the pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) and thus may be a potential target for the prevention and mitigation of ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoqing Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Juanlian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shifeng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Discovery Innovation Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wenjun Shang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Ninghai , Ningbo, China
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Hepatic stellate cells derived from the nestin-positive cells in septum transversum during rat liver development. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 51:199-207. [PMID: 29380061 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a principal role in Vitamin A metabolism and are considered the major matrix-producing cell type in the diseased liver. Rat HSCs are identified by immunohistochemistry with myogenic or mesenchymal (desmin, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin) or neural (e.g., GFAP or neuronal cell adhesion molecule) markers. Embryonic origin of rat HSCs was determined using these markers. Nestin, an intermediate filament protein originally identified in neuronal stem or progenitor cells, is widely used as a stem cell marker, including hepatic stem cells in adult rat livers. Additionally, nestin is reportedly expressed in activated HSCs during liver injury and hepatic regeneration. However, little is known about nestin expression in rat fetal liver HSCs. The present study aimed to clarify nestin-positive HSC expression during rat liver development. At embryonic day (ED) 10.5, nestin expression in mesenchymal cells adjacent to the liver bud was detected by immunohistochemistry. At ED 11.5, nestin-positive cells were also detected in desmin-positive cells appearing and increasing in intensity by ED 16.5. However, nestin-positive cells in the parenchyma decreased by ED 20.5 or later. These findings reveal that the nestin-positive HSCs during rat liver development originate from nestin-positive mesenchymal cells in the septum transversum.
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Gordon RE, Zhang L, Yang ZJ. Restore the brake on tumor progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:1-6. [PMID: 28389227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a key role in regulation of normal development. The negative feedback mechanism mediated by the transcriptional factor, Gli3, acts to finely tune Shh signaling, providing tight control of normal developmental processes. Hyperactivation of Shh signaling often leads to many human malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma (MB). However, how tumor cells sustain the aberrant activation of Shh signaling is still not completely understood. We recently revealed that during MB formation, tumor cells express Nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein, which maintains uncontrolled Shh signaling by abolishing negative feedback by Gli3. Therefore, Nestin expression is a necessary step for MB formation. These findings highlight the novel function of Nestin in regulating Shh signaling, as well as the important role of a disrupted negative feedback mechanism in MB tumorigenesis. Further, restoration of the intrinsic negative feedback by repressing Nestin expression represents a promising approach to treat MB as well as other Shh signaling associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata E Gordon
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China.
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Lloyd B, Tee BC, Headley C, Emam H, Mallery S, Sun Z. Similarities and differences between porcine mandibular and limb bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 77:1-11. [PMID: 28135571 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has shown promise of using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for craniofacial bone regeneration; yet little is known about the differences of BMSCs from limb and craniofacial bones. This study compared pig mandibular and tibia BMSCs for their in vitro proliferation, osteogenic differentiation properties and gene expression. DESIGN Bone marrow was aspirated from the tibia and mandible of 3-4 month-old pigs (n=4), followed by BMSC isolation, culture-expansion and characterization by flow cytometry. Proliferation rates were assessed using population doubling times. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. Affymetrix porcine microarray was used to compare gene expressions of tibial and mandibular BMSCs, followed by real-time RT-PCR evaluation of certain genes. RESULTS Our results showed that BMSCs from both locations expressed MSC markers but not hematopoietic markers. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of mandibular BMSCs were significantly stronger than those of tibial BMSCs. Microarray analysis identified 404 highly abundant genes, out of which 334 genes were matched between the two locations and annotated into the same functional groups including osteogenesis and angiogenesis, while 70 genes were mismatched and annotated into different functional groups. In addition, 48 genes were differentially expressed by at least 1.5-fold difference between the two locations, including higher expression of cranial neural crest-related gene BMP-4 in mandibular BMSCs, which was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data indicate that despite strong similarities in gene expression between mandibular and tibial BMSCs, mandibular BMSCs express some genes differently than tibial BMSCs and have a phenotypic profile that may make them advantageous for craniofacial bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lloyd
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Boon Ching Tee
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colwyn Headley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hany Emam
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan Mallery
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongyang Sun
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic features of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in human developing, postnatal and nephrotic podocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:481-495. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Wang J, Lin G, Alwaal A, Zhang X, Wang G, Jia X, Banie L, Villalta J, Lin CS, Lue TF. Kinetics of Label Retaining Cells in the Developing Rat Kidneys. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144734. [PMID: 26650841 PMCID: PMC4674088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The kidney is a specialized low-regenerative organ with several different types of cellular lineages. The BrdU label-retaining cell (LRCs) approach has been used as part of a strategy to identify tissue-specific stem cells in the kidney; however, because the complementary base pairing in double-stranded DNA blocks the access of the anti-BrdU antibody to BrdU subunits, the stem cell marker expression in BrdU-labeled cells are often difficult to detect. In this study, we introduced a new cell labeling and detection method in which BrdU was replaced with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and examined the time-dependent dynamic changes of EdU-labeled cells and potential stem/progenitor markers in the development of kidney. Methods Newborn rats were intraperitoneally injected with EdU, and their kidneys were harvested respectively at different time points at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks post-injection. The kidney tissues were processed for EdU and cellular markers by immunofluorescence staining. Results At the early stage, LRCs labeled by EdU were 2176.0 ± 355.6 cells at day one in each renal tissue section, but dropped to 168 ± 48.4 cells by week 6. As time increased, the numbers of LRCs were differentially expressed in the renal cortex and papilla. At the postnatal day one, nearly twice as many cells in the cortex were EdU-labeled as compared to the papilla (28.6 ± 3.6% vs. 15.6 ± 3.4%, P<0.05), while there were more LRCs within the renal papilla since the postnatal week one, and at the postnatal week 6, one third as many cells in the cortex were EdU-labeled as compared to the papilla (2.5 ± 0.1% vs. 7.7 ± 2.7%, P<0.05). The long-term LRCs at 6-week time point were associated exclusively with the glomeruli in the cortex and the renal tubules in the papilla. At 6 weeks, the EdU-labeled LRCs combined with expression of CD34, RECA-1, Nestin, and Synaptopodin were discretely but widely distributed within the glomeruli; Stro-1 around the glomeruli; and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in arteries. Conversely, co-expression of CD34, RECA-1, and Nestin with the long term EdU-labeled LRCs was significantly lower in renal tubules (P<0.01), while Stro-1 and Synaptopodin were not detected. Conclusion Our data found that at 6-week time point, EdU-labeled LRCs existing in the glomeruli expressed undifferentiated podocyte and endothelial markers at high rates, while those in the renal tubules expressed Nestin and vascular markers at low rates. To understand the characterization and localization of these EdU-LRCs, further studies will be needed to test cell lineage tracing, clonogenicity and differentiation potency, and the contributions to the regeneration of the kidney in response to renal injury/repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongtinanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Amjad Alwaal
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Guifang Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Xingyuan Jia
- Department of Urology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongtinanlu, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lia Banie
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Villalta
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Ching-Shwun Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
| | - Tom F. Lue
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, United States of America
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Svenningsen P. Stressed podocytes - Bestrophin-3 is not just Bestrophin-3. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:430-1. [PMID: 26052975 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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29
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Jiang MH, Li G, Liu J, Liu L, Wu B, Huang W, He W, Deng C, Wang D, Li C, Lahn BT, Shi C, Xiang AP. Nestin(+) kidney resident mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of acute kidney ischemia injury. Biomaterials 2015; 50:56-66. [PMID: 25736496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important regulators of kidney homeostasis, repair or regeneration. However, natural distribution and the starting population properties of these cells remain elusive because of the lack of specific markers. Here, we identified post-natal kidney derived Nestin(+) cells that fulfilled all of the criteria as a mesenchymal stem cell. These isolated Nestin(+) cells expressed the typical cell-surface marker of MSC, including Sca-1, CD44, CD106, NG2 and PDGFR-α. They were capable of self-renewal, possessed high clonogenic potential and extensive proliferation for more than 30 passages. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, these cells could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and podocytes. After intravenous injection into acute kidney injury mice, Nestin(+) cells contributed to functional improvement by significantly decreasing the peak level of serum creatinine and BUN, and reducing the damaged cell apoptosis. Furthermore, conditioned medium from Nestin(+) cells could protect against ischemic acute renal failure partially through paracrine factor VEGF. Taken together, our findings indicate that renal resident Nestin(+) MSCs can be derived, propagated, differentiated, and repair the acute kidney injury, which may shed new light on understanding MSCs biology and developing cell replacement therapies for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Jiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension & Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bruce T Lahn
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Životić M, Bogdanović R, Peco-Antić A, Paripović D, Stajić N, Vještica J, Ćirović S, Trajković G, Marković-Lipkovski J. Glomerular nestin expression: possible predictor of outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:79-90. [PMID: 25129203 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of chronic kidney disease among children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) leads to a permanent quest for good predictors of kidney dysfunction. Thus, we carried out a retrospective cohort study in order to examine known clinical and morphological predictors of adverse outcome, as well as to investigate glomerular nestin expression as a potential new early predictor of kidney dysfunction in children with FSGS. Relationships between nestin expression and clinical and morphological findings were also investigated. METHODS Among 649 renal biopsy samples, obtained from two children's hospitals, FSGS was diagnosed in 60 children. Thirty-eight patients, who met the criteria for this study, were followed up for 9.0 ± 5.2 years. Using Kaplan-Meier and Cox's regression analysis, potential clinical and morphological predictors were applied in two models of prediction: after disease onset and after the biopsy. RESULTS The present study revealed the following significant predictors of kidney dysfunction: patients' ages at disease onset, as well as age at biopsy, resistance to corticosteroid treatment, serum creatinine level, urine protein/creatinine ratio, vascular involvement, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and decreased glomerular nestin expression. CONCLUSIONS The most important finding of our study is that nestin can be used as a potential new early morphological predictor of kidney dysfunction in childhood onset of FSGS, since nestin has been obviously decreased in both sclerotic and normal glomeruli seen by light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Životić
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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The protective role of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, a distinct glycosaminoglycan, in a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106929. [PMID: 25192337 PMCID: PMC4156394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparanase-1 activation, albuminuria, and a decrease in glomerular heparan sulfate (HS) have been described in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based drugs have been shown to have renoprotective effects in this setting, although recent trials have questioned their clinical effectiveness. Here, we describe the effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), a novel GAG extracted from a marine echinoderm, in experimentally induced DN compared to a widely used GAG, enoxaparin (ENX). METHODS Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by streptozotocin in male Wistar rats divided into three groups: DM (without treatment), FCS (8 mg/kg), and ENX (4 mg/kg), administered subcutaneously. After 12 weeks, we measured blood glucose, blood pressure, albuminuria, and renal function. The kidneys were evaluated for mesangial expansion and collagen content. Immunohistochemical quantifications of macrophages, TGF-β, nestin and immunofluorescence analysis of heparanase-1 and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) HS content was also performed. Gene expression of proteoglycan core proteins and enzymes involved in GAG assembly/degradation were analyzed by TaqMan real-time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with GAGs prevented albuminuria and did not affect the glucose level or other functional aspects. The DM group exhibited increased mesangial matrix deposition and tubulointerstitial expansion, and prevention was observed in both GAG groups. TGF-β expression and macrophage infiltration were prevented by the GAG treatments, and podocyte damage was halted. The diabetic milieu resulted in the down-regulation of agrin, perlecan and collagen XVIII mRNAs, along with the expression of enzymes involved in GAG biosynthesis. Treatment with FCS and ENX positively modulated such changes. Heparanase-1 expression was significantly reduced after GAG treatment without affecting the GBM HS content, which was uniformly reduced in all of the diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the administration of FCS prevented several pathological features of ND in rats. This finding should stimulate further research on GAG treatment for this complication of diabetes.
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Tampaki EC, Nakopoulou L, Tampakis A, Kontzoglou K, Weber WP, Kouraklis G. Nestin involvement in tissue injury and cancer--a potential tumor marker? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:305-15. [PMID: 25164879 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In eukaryotic cells, the cytoskeleton contains three major filamentous components: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Nestin represents one of the class VI intermediate filament proteins. Clinical and molecular analyses have revealed substantial information regarding the presence of Nestin in cells with progenitor or stem cell properties. During tissue injury Nestin is expressed in cells with progenitor cell-like properties. These cells may serve as a tissue reserve and, as such, may contribute to tissue repair. Based on currently available data, Nestin also appears to be implicated in two oncogenic processes. First, Nestin has been found to be expressed in cancer stem-like cells and poorly differentiated cancer cells and, as such, Nestin is thought to contribute to the aggressive behavior of these cells. Second, Nestin has been found to be involved in tumor angiogenesis through an interaction of cancer cells and blood vessel endothelial cells and, as such, Nestin is thought to facilitate tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Nestin may serve as a promising tumor marker and as a potential therapeutic target amenable to tumor suppression and angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Christina Tampaki
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece,
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Glomerular development--shaping the multi-cellular filtration unit. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:39-49. [PMID: 25153928 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The glomerulus represents a highly structured filtration unit, composed of glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes and parietal epithelial cells. During glomerulogenesis an intricate network of signaling pathways involving transcription factors, secreted factors and cell-cell communication is required to guarantee accurate evolvement of a functional, complex 3-dimensional glomerular architecture. Here, we want to provide an overview on the critical steps and relevant signaling cascades of glomerular development.
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Pocsfalvi G, Stanly C, Vilasi A, Fiume I, Tatè R, Capasso G. Employing extracellular vesicles for non-invasive renal monitoring: A captivating prospect. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:66-80. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fascinating nano-sized subjects extensively studied over the recent years across several disparate disciplines. EVs are endlessly secreted into the extracellular microenvironment by most cell types under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs encompass a variety of molecular constituents from their cell of origin, such as lipids, cell specific proteins and RNAs, thus constituting an informative resource for studying molecular events at the cellular level. There are three main classes of EVs classified based on their size, content, biogenesis and biological functions: exosomes, shedding microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Besides cell culture supernatants, biological fluids have also been shown to contain different types of EVs. Amongst the various body fluids, the study of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as a source of candidate biomarkers gained much attention, since: (1) urine can be non-invasively collected in large amounts; and (2) the isolated uEVs are stable for a relatively long period of time. Here, we review the important aspects of urinary extracellular vesicles which are fast gaining attention as a promising future tool for the non-invasive monitoring of urinary tract. Recent advancements in the purification and analysis of uEVs and collection of their constituents in rapidly developing public databases, allow their better exploitation in molecular diagnostics. As a result, a growing number of studies have shown that changes in expression profile at the RNA and/or protein levels of uEVs reveal the molecular architectures of underlying key pathophysiological events of different clinically important diseases with kidney involvement.
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Skwirba M, Zakrzewicz A, Atanasova S, Wilker S, Fuchs-Moll G, Müller D, Padberg W, Grau V. Expression of nestin after renal transplantation in the rat. APMIS 2014; 122:1020-31. [PMID: 24698412 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic allograft injury (CAI) limits the long-term success of renal transplantation. Nestin is a marker of progenitor cells, which probably contribute to its pathogenesis. We hypothesize that nestin is induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute rejection, main risk factors for CAI. Syngeneic renal transplantation was performed in Lewis rats and allogeneic transplantation in the Fischer 344 to Lewis strain combination, which results in reversible acute rejection and in CAI in the long-run. The Dark Agouti to Lewis rat strain combination was used to study fatal acute rejection. In untreated kidneys, nestin immunoreactivity was detected in glomeruli and in very few interstitial or microvascular cells. Syngeneic transplantation induced nestin expression within 4 days, which decreased until day 9 and returned to control levels on day 42. Nestin expression was strong during acute rejection and still detected during the pathogenesis of CAI on day 42. Nestin-positive cells were identified as endothelial cells and interstitial fibroblast-like cells co-expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin. A sub-population of them expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, nestin is induced in renal grafts by ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute rejection. It is expressed by proliferating myofibroblasts and endothelial cells and probably contributes to the pathogenesis of CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skwirba
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Huang XZ, Wen D, Zhang M, Xie Q, Ma L, Guan Y, Ren Y, Chen J, Hao CM. Sirt1 Activation Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:996-1005. [PMID: 24356887 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhong Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
- Division of Nephrology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Donghai Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Leting Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Yi Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Yueheng Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
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Fonseca JM, Bastos AP, Amaral AG, Sousa MF, Souza LE, Malheiros DM, Piontek K, Irigoyen MC, Watnick TJ, Onuchic LF. Renal cyst growth is the main determinant for hypertension and concentrating deficit in Pkd1-deficient mice. Kidney Int 2014; 85:1137-50. [PMID: 24429399 PMCID: PMC4510986 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We have bred a Pkd1 floxed allele with a nestin-Cre expressing line to generate cystic mice with preserved glomerular filtration rate to address the pathogenesis of complex autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) phenotypes. Hypertension affects about 60% of these patients before loss of renal function, leading to significant morbimortality. Cystic mice were hypertensive at 5 and 13 weeks of age, a phenotype not seen in noncystic controls and Pkd1-haploinsufficient animals that do not develop renal cysts. Fractional sodium excretion was reduced in cystic mice at these ages. Angiotensinogen gene expression was higher in cystic than noncystic kidneys at 18 weeks, while ACE and the AT1 receptor were expressed in renal cyst epithelia. Cystic animals displayed increased renal cAMP, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. At 24 weeks, mean arterial pressure and fractional sodium excretion did not significantly differ between the cystic and noncystic groups, whereas cardiac mass increased in cystic mice. Renal concentrating deficit is also an early finding in ADPKD. Maximum urine osmolality and urine nitrite excretion were reduced in 10-13- and 24-week-old cystic mice, deficits not found in haploinsufficient and noncystic controls. A trend of higher plasma vasopressin was observed in cystic mice. Thus, cyst growth most probably plays a central role in early-stage ADPKD-associated hypertension, with activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system as a key mechanism. Cyst expansion is also likely essential for the development of the concentrating deficit in this disease. Our findings are consistent with areas of reduced perfusion in the kidneys of patients with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Fonseca
- Divisions of Nephrology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Bastos
- Divisions of Nephrology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa G Amaral
- Divisions of Nephrology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauri F Sousa
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás School of Medicine, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Leandro E Souza
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M Malheiros
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klaus Piontek
- Department of Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria C Irigoyen
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terry J Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luiz F Onuchic
- 1] Divisions of Nephrology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy (NETCEM), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Chen YX, Xie YY, Zou YF, Zhang MJ, Gao YH, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Huang QH, Chen N. Identification of nestin as a urinary biomarker for acute kidney injury. Am J Nephrol 2014; 39:110-21. [PMID: 24503548 DOI: 10.1159/000358260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients and the incidence of AKI is rapidly increasing. Despite the advances in treatment of AKI, many patients still progress to end-stage renal disease and depend on dialysis. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate treatment of AKI could improve prognosis. METHODS We established rat models of AKI induced by cisplatin nephrotoxicity and renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Urine samples were collected, labeled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification agents, and then subjected to nano-LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis. Results of the proteomic study were confirmed by Western blot. We also performed RNAi to silence nestin and investigate its role in renal I/R injury. We then validated its clinical application by studying urine nestin levels in AKI patients with cardiovascular surgeries. RESULTS Our proteomic analysis showed that fetuin-A, nestin, hamartin and T-kininogen were differentially expressed in the urine samples of rats after cisplatin or I/R treatment. Western blot confirmed the differential expression of these proteins in animal models and ELISA confirmed the differential expression of nestin in human urine samples. To explore the expression of nestin in the development of AKI, our results showed that nestin was primarily detected in the glomeruli and barely detected in tubular cells but increased in tubular cells during I/R- and cisplatin-induced AKI. The urine nestin-to-creatinine ratio increased earlier than serum creatinine in AKI patients with postcardiovascular surgeries. The role of nestin in AKI might be related to the p53 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results demonstrated that urinary nestin could be a urinary biomarker for patients with AKI and its role in AKI might be related to the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Resveratrol attenuates diabetic nephropathy via modulating angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82336. [PMID: 24312656 PMCID: PMC3849393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, a polyphenol with antiangiogenic activity in DN. In a type 1 diabetic rat model, resveratrol treatment blunted the increases of urine albumin excretion, kidney weight and creatinine clearance rate. The increases of glomerular diameter, mesangium accumulation, glomerular basement membrane thickness and renal fibrosis in diabetic rats were also reduced by resveratrol treatment. In the diabetic kidney, increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Flk-1 and angiopoietin 2, and reduced expression of Tie-2 were observed. These changes in angiogenic hormones and associated receptors were attenuated by resveratrol treatment. No changes in angiopoietin 1 expression were detected among each group of rats. Resveratrol also significantly downregulated high glucose-induced VEGF and Flk-1 expressions in cultured mouse glomerular podocytes and endothelial cells, respectively. These effects were attenuated by knocking-down silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) expression. In contrast, upregulation of Sirt1 in cultured endothelial cells reduced Flk-1 expression. Increased permeability and cellular junction disruption of cultured endothelial cells caused by VEGF were also inhibited by resveratrol pretreatment. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that resveratrol may attenuate DN via modulating angiogenesis.
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He W, Xie Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhao M, Davis LS, Breyer MD, Gu G, Hao CM. Generation of a tenascin-C-CreER2 knockin mouse line for conditional DNA recombination in renal medullary interstitial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79839. [PMID: 24244568 PMCID: PMC3823583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary interstitial cells (RMIC) are specialized fibroblast-like cells that exert important functions in maintaining body fluid homeostasis and systemic blood pressure. Here, we generated a RMIC specific tenascin-C promoter driven inducible CreER2 knockin mouse line with an EGFP reporter. Similar as endogenous tenascin-C expression, the reporter EGFP expression in the tenascin-C-CreER2(+/-) mice was observed in the inner medulla of the kidney, and co-localized with COX2 but not with AQP2 or AQP1, suggesting selective expression in RMICs. After recombination (tenascin-C-CreER2(+/-)/ROSA26-lacZ(+/-) mice + tamoxifen), β-gal activity was restricted to the cells in the inner medulla of the kidney, and didn't co-localize with AQP2, consistent with selective Cre recombinase activity in RMICs. Cre activity was not obvious in other major organs or without tamoxifen treatment. This inducible RMIC specific Cre mouse line should therefore provide a novel tool to manipulate genes of interest in RMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan He
- Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America ; Nephrology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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The Expression of Intermediate Filament Protein Nestin and Its Association With Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 in the Glomeruli of Rats With Diabetic Nephropathy. Am J Med Sci 2013; 345:470-7. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182648459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Li K, Wang J, Yin X, Zhai X, Li Z. Alteration of podocyte protein expression and localization in the early stage of various hemodynamic conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5998-6011. [PMID: 23502465 PMCID: PMC3634401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that podocalyxin (PCX) and nestin play important roles in podocyte morphogenesis and the maintenance of structural integrity, we examined whether the expression and localization of these two podocyte proteins were influenced in the early stage of various hemodynamic conditions. Mice kidney tissues were prepared by in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT). The distribution of glomeruli and podocyte proteins was visualized with DAB staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. The mRNA levels were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed the following: Under the normal condition, PCX stained intensely along glomerular epithelial cells, whereas nestin was clearly staining in the endothelial cells and appeared only weakly in the podocytes. Under the acute hypertensive and cardiac arrest conditions, PCX and nestin staining was not clear, with a disarranged distribution, but the colocalization of PCX and nestin was apparent under this condition. In addition, under the acute hypertensive and cardiac arrest conditions, the mRNA levels of PCX and nestin were significantly decreased. Collectively, the abnormal redistribution and decreased mRNA expressions of PCX and nestin are important molecular events at the early stage of podocyte injury during hemodynamic disorders. IVCT may have more advantages for morphological analysis when researching renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mail:
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zilong Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (J.W.); (X.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-24-8328-2733
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Topaloglu R, Orhan D, Bilginer Y, Karabulut E, Ozaltin F, Duzova A, Kale G, Besbas N. Clinicopathological and immunohistological features in childhood IgA nephropathy: a single-centre experience. Clin Kidney J 2013; 6:169-175. [PMID: 24175085 PMCID: PMC3811980 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sft004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy is a glomerular disease diagnosed by renal biopsy and is characterized by a highly variable course ranging from a completely benign condition to rapidly progressive renal failure. We aimed to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and inflammatory characteristics of children with IgA nephropathy. Methods Data of 37 patients with IgA nephropathy diagnosed between the years 1980 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 24 patients. Expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α and the newly proposed tubulointerstitial fibrosis marker nestin were evaluated. Results The median age at diagnosis was 10 years. Recurrent macroscopic haematuria (66%) was the most common clinical manifestation, and 35% of the patients had synpharyngitic presentation. A significant correlation was found between proteinuria and increase in mesangial matrix (r = 0.406, P = 0.013). The presence of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages were also significantly associated with proteinuria >1 g/day. While cytokines IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF-α were mainly expressed in tubular epithelial cells, TGF-β was evident in glomeruli but they had no correlation to clinical features and severity of the disease. Nestin was detected at the tubules in almost half of the patients with no correlation to proteinuria and tubulointersititial fibrosis. Conclusions We found a correlation between proteinuria and mesangial matrix expansion. The presence of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages were also significantly associated with proteinuria >1 g/day. Although there are many evidences, for immunological basis of IgA nephropathy, the immunological markers were not fully expressed in children to evaluate glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation, and progression of the disease. Further studies with the extended number of children are needed to shed light on the immunological basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Characterization of nestin expression and vessel association in the ischemic core following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:383-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li L, Lai EY, Huang Y, Eisner C, Mizel D, Wilcox CS, Schnermann J. Renal afferent arteriolar and tubuloglomerular feedback reactivity in mice with conditional deletions of adenosine 1 receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1166-75. [PMID: 22896040 PMCID: PMC3469676 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00222.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 1 receptors (A1AR) have been shown in previous experiments to play a major role in the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) constrictor response of afferent arterioles (AA) to increased loop of Henle flow. Overexpression studies have pointed to a critical role of vascular A1AR, but it has remained unclear whether selective deletion of A1AR from smooth muscle cells is sufficient to abolish TGF responsiveness. To address this question, we have determined TGF response magnitude in mice in which vascular A1AR deletion was achieved using the loxP recombination approach with cre recombinase being controlled by a smooth muscle actin promoter (SmCre/A1ARff). Effective vascular deletion of A1AR was affirmed by absence of vasoconstrictor responses to adenosine or cyclohexyl adenosine (CHA) in microperfused AA. Elevation of loop of Henle flow from 0 to 30 nl/min caused a 22.1 ± 3.1% reduction of stop flow pressure in control mice and of 7.2 ± 1.5% in SmCre/A1ARff mice (P < 0.001). Maintenance of residual TGF activity despite absence of A1AR-mediated responses in AA suggests participation of extravascular A1AR in TGF. Support for this notion comes from the observation that deletion of A1ARff by nestin-driven cre causes an identical TGF response reduction (7.3 ± 2.4% in NestinCre/A1ARff vs. 20.3 ± 2.7% in controls), whereas AA responsiveness was reduced but not abolished. A1AR on AA smooth muscle cells are primarily responsible for TGF activation, but A1AR on extravascular cells, perhaps mesangial cells, appear to contribute to the TGF response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1370, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sánchez-Sánchez R, Morales-Lázaro SL, Baizabal JM, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Escalante-Alcalde D. Lack of lipid phosphate phosphatase-3 in embryonic stem cells compromises neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:953-64. [PMID: 22434721 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been recently described as important regulators of pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and neural progenitors. Due to the early lethality of LPP3, an enzyme that regulates the levels and biological activities of the aforementioned lipids, it has been difficult to assess its participation in early neural differentiation and neuritogenesis. RESULTS We find that Ppap2b(-/-) (Lpp3(-/-) ) ES cells differentiated in vitro into spinal neurons show a considerable reduction in the amount of neural precursors and young neurons formed. In addition, differentiated Lpp3(-/-) neurons exhibit impaired neurite outgrowth. Surprisingly, when Lpp3(-/-) ES cells were differentiated, an unexpected appearance of smooth muscle actin-positive cells was observed, an event that was partially dependent upon phosphorylated sphingosines. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that LPP3 plays a fundamental role during spinal neuron differentiation from ES and that it also participates in regulating neurite and axon outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Wen D, Ni L, You L, Zhang L, Gu Y, Hao CM, Chen J. Upregulation of nestin in proximal tubules may participate in cell migration during renal repair. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1534-44. [PMID: 22993065 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00083.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of renal tubular progenitor/precursor cells and the role of renal tubule regeneration in the repair of remnant kidneys (RKs) after nephrectomy are not well known. In the present study of a murine model of subtotal nephrectomy, we used immunofluorescence (IF), immunoblot analysis, and in situ hybridization methods to demonstrate that nestin expression was transiently upregulated in tubule cells near the incision edges of RKs. The nestin-positive tubules were immature proximal tubules that colabeled with lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin but not with markers of mature tubules (aquaporin-1, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and aquaporin-2). In addition, many of the nestin-expressing tubule cells were actively proliferative cells, as indicated by colabeling with bromodeoxyuridine. Double-label IF and immunoblot analysis also showed that the upregulation of tubular nestin was associated with enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in the incision edge of RKs but not α-smooth muscle actin, which is a marker of fibrosis. In cultured human kidney proximal tubule cells (HKC), immunoblot analysis indicated that TGF-β1 induced nestin expression and loss of E-cadherin expression, suggesting an association of nestin expression and cellular dedifferentiation. Knockdown of nestin expression by a short hairpin RNA-containing plasmid led to decreased migration of HKC cells that were induced by TGF-β1. Taken together, our results suggest that the tubule repair that occurs during the recovery process following nephrectomy may involve TGF-β1-induced nestin expression in immature renal proximal tubule cells and the promotion of renal cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Hao J, Liu S, Liu Q, Zhao S, Shi Y, Duan H. Nestin protects mouse podocytes against high glucose-induced apoptosis by a Cdk5-dependent mechanism. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3186-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Downing C, Balderrama-Durbin C, Kimball A, Biers J, Wright H, Gilliam D, Johnson TE. Quantitative trait locus mapping for ethanol teratogenesis in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1340-54. [PMID: 22413943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in susceptibility to the detrimental effects of prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure have been demonstrated. Many factors, including genetics, play a role in susceptibility and resistance. We have previously shown that C57BL/6J (B6) mice display a number of morphological malformations following an acute dose of EtOH in utero, while DBA/2J (D2) mice are relatively resistant. Here, we present the results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for EtOH teratogenesis in recombinant inbred strains derived from a cross between B6 and D2 (BXD RIs). METHODS Pregnant dams were intubated with either maltose-dextrin or 5.8 g/kg EtOH on day 9 of gestation (GD9). On GD 18, dams were sacrificed and fetuses and placentae were removed. Placentae and fetuses were weighed; fetuses were sexed and examined for gross morphological malformations. Fetuses were then either placed in Bouin's fixative for subsequent soft-tissue analyses or eviscerated and placed in EtOH for subsequent skeletal examinations. QTL mapping for maternal weight gain (MWG), prenatal mortality, fetal weight (FW) at c-section, placental weight (PW), and several morphological malformations was performed using WebQTL. RESULTS Heritability for our traits ranged from 0.06 for PW to 0.39 for MWG. We found suggestive QTLs mediating all phenotypes and significant QTLs for FW and digit and rib malformations. While most QTL regions are large, several intriguing candidate genes emerged based on polymorphisms between B6 and D2 and gene function. CONCLUSIONS In this first mapping study for EtOH teratogenesis, several QTLs were identified. Future studies will further characterize these regions. Identification of genes and epigenetic modifications mediating susceptibility to the teratogenic effects of alcohol in mice will provide targets to examine in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Downing
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
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Nakayama KH, Batchelder CA, Lee CI, Tarantal AF. Renal tissue engineering with decellularized rhesus monkey kidneys: age-related differences. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2891-901. [PMID: 21902603 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapies for severely damaged kidneys are needed due to limited regenerative capacity and organ donor shortages. The goal of this study was to repopulate decellularized kidney sections in vitro and to determine the impact of donor age on recellularization. This was addressed by generating decellularized kidney scaffolds from fetal, juvenile, and adult rhesus monkey kidney sections using a procedure that removes cellular components while preserving the structural and functional properties of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Kidney scaffolds were recellularized using explants from different age groups (fetal, juvenile, adult) and fetal renal cell fractions. Results showed vimentin+ cytokeratin+ calbindin+ cell infiltration and organization around the scaffold ECM. The extent of cellular repopulation was greatest with scaffolds from the youngest donors, and with seeding of mixed fetal renal aggregates that formed tubular structures within the kidney scaffolds. These findings suggest that decellularized kidney sections from different age groups can be effectively repopulated with donor cells and the age of the donor is a critical factor in repopulation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- Center of Excellence in Translational Human Stem Cell Research, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8542, USA
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