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Harrison JM, Leong EK, Osborne ND, Marshall JS, Bezuhly M. AT2R Activation Improves Wound Healing in a Preclinical Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1238. [PMID: 38927444 PMCID: PMC11200587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal skin healing resulting in chronic wounds or hypertrophic scarring remains a major healthcare burden. Here, the antifibrotic angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) signaling pathway was modulated to determine its impact on cutaneous wound healing. Balb/c mice received two splinted full-thickness wounds. Topical treatments with the selective AT2R agonist compound 21 (C21) and/or selective antagonist PD123319 or saline vehicle were administered until sacrifice on post-wounding days 7 or 10. The rate of wound re-epithelialization was accelerated by PD123319 and combination treatments. In vitro, C21 significantly reduced human fibroblast migration. C21 increased both collagen and vascular densities at days 7 and 10 post-wounding and collagen I:III ratio at day 10, while PD123319 and combination treatments decreased them. Genes associated with regeneration and repair were upregulated by C21, while PD123319 treatment increased the expression of genes associated with inflammation and immune cell chemotaxis. C21 treatment reduced wound total leukocyte and neutrophil staining densities, while PD123319 increased these and macrophage densities. Overall, AT2R activation with C21 yields wounds that mature more quickly with structural, cellular, and gene expression profiles more closely approximating unwounded skin. These findings support AT2R signal modulation as a potential therapeutic target to improve skin quality during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Harrison
- Department of Surgery, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Edwin K. Leong
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Natasha D. Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada;
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada;
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Department of Surgery, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada;
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Crosstalk between the liver and kidney in diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175219. [PMID: 35987257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recently, communication between organs has gradually become a new focus in the study of diseases pathogenesis, and abnormal interorgan communication has been proven to be involved in the occurrence and progression of many diseases. As an important metabolic organ in the human body, the liver plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. The liver secretes a series of proteins called hepatokines that affect adjacent and distal organs through paracrine or endocrine signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize some of the hepatokines identified to date and describe their roles in DN to discuss the possibility that the liver-renal axis is potentially useful as a therapeutic target for DN. We summarize the important hepatokines identified thus far and discuss their relationship with DN. We propose for the first time that the "liver-renal axis" is a potential therapeutic target in individuals with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) protects against cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in adult male rats: Up-regulation of Apelin-13/ACE2, miR-200, and down-regulation of TGF-β/SMAD 2/3 and miR-192. Life Sci 2022; 306:120850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang J, Xia S, Zhao J, Gong C, Xi Q, Sun W. Prognostic Potential of Secreted Modular Calcium-Binding Protein 1 in Low-Grade Glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:666623. [PMID: 34869577 PMCID: PMC8640086 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.666623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) belongs to a family of matricellular proteins; it was involved in embryo development, endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, integrin–matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Previous studies showed that the expression of SMOC1 was increased in some tumors. However, the prognostic value and the biological function of SMOC1 in tumor remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we explored the expression profile and prognostic value of SMOC1 in pan-cancers, especially glioma, via multiple databases, including Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive 2, PrognoScan, Kaplan–Meier plotter, and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. Furthermore, LinkedOmics was used to identify the genes coexpressed with SMOC1 and to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and Gene Ontology analysis in low-grade glioma (LGG). Also, the Cancer Single-Cell State Atlas database was used to evaluate the correlation between SMOC1 expression and functional state activities in glioma cells. In addition, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and TISIDB databases were used to evaluate the correlations between SMOC1 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Results: Compared with normal brain tissues, the expression of SMOC1 was increased in LGG tissues. The higher expression of SMOC1 was significantly correlated with better survival of LGG patients. Additionally, functional analyses showed that the SMOC1 coexpressed genes were inhibited in processes such as response to type I interferon and interferon-gamma, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, leukocyte migration, adaptive immune response, neutrophil-mediated immunity, T cell activation, and pathways including EMC–receptor interaction, Th17 cell differentiation, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in LGG. Moreover, the expression of SMOC1 was correlated with stemness, hypoxia, EMT, and metastasis of glioma cells. Additionally, the expression of SMOC1 expression was negatively correlated with levels of infiltrating B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and gene markers of most immune cells in LGG. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SMOC1 could be a potential biomarker to determine prognosis and might play a specific role in the tumor microenvironment of glioma, thereby influencing the development and progression of glioma. These findings provide some new insights for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Xia
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Xi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen S, Zou Q, Chen Y, Kuang X, Wu W, Guo M, Cai Y, Li Q. Regulation of SPARC family proteins in disorders of the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:178-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Predoi G, Serban AI. Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112891. [PMID: 33032084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species. Reactive oxygen species in limited amounts are necessary for cell homeostasis and redox signaling. Excessive reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species production, which counteracts the organism's defense systems, is known as oxidative stress. Sustained attack of endogenous and exogenous ROS results in conformational and oxidative alterations in key biomolecules. Chronic oxidative stress is associated with oxidative modifications occurring in key biomolecules: lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone) adduct formation, nitration, sulfoxidation, DNA impairment such strand breaks or nucleobase oxidation. Oxidative stress is tightly linked to the development of cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, eye disease. The deleterious action of reactive oxygenated species and their role in the onset and progression of pathologies are discussed. The results of oxidative attack become themselves sources of oxidative stress, becoming part of a vicious cycle that amplifies oxidative impairment. The term antioxidant refers to a compound that is able to impede or retard oxidation, acting at a lower concentration compared to that of the protected substrate. Antioxidant intervention against the radicalic lipid peroxidation can involve different mechanisms. Chain breaking antioxidants are called primary antioxidants, acting by scavenging radical species, converting them into more stable radicals or non-radical species. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Moreover, four reactivity-based lines of defense have been identified: preventative antioxidants, radical scavengers, repair antioxidants, and those relying on adaptation mechanisms. The specific mechanism of a series of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in particular aspects of oxidative stress, is detailed. The final section resumes critical conclusions regarding antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
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Montgomery MK, Bayliss J, Devereux C, Bezawork-Geleta A, Roberts D, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Ryan A, Townley SL, Selth LA, Biden TJ, Steinberg GR, Samocha-Bonet D, Meex RCR, Watt MJ. SMOC1 is a glucose-responsive hepatokine and therapeutic target for glycemic control. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/559/eaaz8048. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intertissue communication is a fundamental feature of metabolic regulation, and the liver is central to this process. We have identified sparc-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) as a glucose-responsive hepatokine and regulator of glucose homeostasis. Acute intraperitoneal administration of SMOC1 improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in mice without changes in insulin secretion. SMOC1 exerted its favorable glycemic effects by inhibiting adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)–cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)–cAMP response element–binding protein (CREB) signaling in the liver, leading to decreased gluconeogenic gene expression and suppression of hepatic glucose output. Overexpression of SMOC1 in the liver or once-weekly intraperitoneal injections of a stabilized SMOC1-FC fusion protein induced durable improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity indb/dbmice, without adverse effects on adiposity, liver histopathology, or inflammation. Furthermore, circulating SMOC1 correlated with hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity and was decreased in obese, insulin-resistant humans. Together, these findings identify SMOC1 as a potential pharmacological target for the management of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Bayliss
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Camille Devereux
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - David Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew Ryan
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC 3149, Australia
| | - Scott L. Townley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Luke A. Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Trevor J. Biden
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and the Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ruth C. R. Meex
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht 6229, Netherlands
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Turbeville HR, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Dent EL, Sasser JM. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways do not contribute to sex differences in renal injury and function in Dahl SS/Jr rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14440. [PMID: 32652814 PMCID: PMC7354091 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of hypertension in the United States is increasing and yields significant morbidity and mortality, and sex differences in hypertension are widely recognized. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury, and but their contributions to sex differences in injury progression of are undefined. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that male hypertensive rats have accelerated renal injury compared to females and to determine the contributions of the nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in these differences. Male and female Dahl SS/Jr rats, a model that spontaneously develops hypertension with age, were allowed to age on a 0.3% NaCl diet until 3 or 6 months of age, at which points blood pressure was measured and plasma, tissue, and urine were collected. While no significant sex differences in blood pressure were present at either time point, renal injury measured by urine protein excretion was more severe (male = 44.9 ± 6; female = 15±3 mg/day/100 g bw, p = .0001), and renal function was reduced (male = 0.48 ± 0.02; female = 0.7 ± 0.03 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p = .001) in males compared to females with age. Both male and female rats exhibited reduced nitric oxide metabolites (3 months: male = 0.65 ± 0.1; female = 0.74 ± 0.3; 6 months: male = 0.16 ± 0.1; female = 0.41 ± 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p, age = 0.02, p, sex = 0.3). Levels of urinary TBARS were similar (3 months: male = 20±1.5; female = 23±1.8; 6 months: male = 26±4.8; female = 23±4.7µM day g-1 kw, p, age = 0.4, p, sex = 0.9), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) mRNA was greater in females (3 months: male = 0.35 ± 0.03; female = 1.4 ± 0.2; 6 months: male = 0.4 ± 0.05; female = 1.3 ± 0.1 normalized counts, p, age = 0.7, p, sex < 0.0001), but EC SOD protein expression was not different (3 months: male = 0.01 ± 0.002; female = 0.01 ± 0.002; 6 months: male = 0.02 ± 0.004; female = 0.01 ± 0.002 relative density, p, age = 0.2, p, sex = 0.8). These data support the presence of significant sex differences in renal injury and function in the Dahl S rat and identify a need for further study into the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Turbeville
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Ashley C. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Elena L. Dent
- Department Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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Secreted modular calcium-binding proteins in pathophysiological processes and embryonic development. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2476-2484. [PMID: 31613820 PMCID: PMC6831058 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Secreted modular calcium-binding proteins (SMOCs) are extracellular glycoproteins of the secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine-related modular calcium-binding protein family and include two isoforms, SMOC1 and SMOC2, in humans. Functionally, SMOCs bind to calcium for various cell functions. In this review, we provided a summary of the most recent advancements in and findings of SMOC1 and SMOC2 in development, homeostasis, and disease states. Data sources: All publications in the PubMed database were searched and retrieved (up to July 24, 2019) using various combinations of keywords searching, including SMOC1, SMOC2, and diseases. Study selection: All original studies and review articles of SMOCs in human diseases and embryo development written in English were retrieved and included. Results: SMOC1 and SMOC2 regulate embryonic development, cell homeostasis, and disease pathophysiology. They play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell attachment to the extracellular matrix, tissue fibrosis, calcification, angiogenesis, birth defects, and cancer development. Conclusions: SMOC1 and SMOC2 are critical regulators of many cell biological processes and potential therapeutic targets for the control of human cancers and birth defects.
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Liappas G, González-Mateo G, Aguirre AR, Abensur H, Albar-Vizcaino P, Parra EG, Sandoval P, Ramírez LG, Del Peso G, Acedo JM, Bajo MA, Selgas R, Sánchez Tomero JA, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A. Nebivolol, a β1-adrenergic blocker, protects from peritoneal membrane damage induced during peritoneal dialysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30133-46. [PMID: 27102153 PMCID: PMC5058669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of renal replacement treatment, which employs the peritoneal membrane (PM) to eliminate toxins that cannot be removed by the kidney. The procedure itself, however, contributes to the loss of the PM ultrafiltration capacity (UFC), leading consequently to the technique malfunction. β-blockers have been considered deleterious for PM due to their association with loss of UFC and induction of fibrosis. Herein we analyzed the effects of Nebivolol, a new generation of β1-blocker, on PM alterations induced by PD fluids (PDF). In vitro: We found that mesothelial cells (MCs) express β1-adrenergic receptor. MCs were treated with TGF-β to induce mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) and co-treated with Nebivolol. Nebivolol reversed the TGF-β effects, decreasing extracellular matrix synthesis, and improved the fibrinolytic capacity, decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and increasing tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) supernatant levels. Moreover, Nebivolol partially inhibited MMT and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-6 levels in supernatants. In vivo: Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group carried a catheter without PDF infusion. Study group received intraperitoneally PDF and oral Nebivolol during 30 days. PDF group received PDF alone. Nebivolol maintained the UFC and reduced PM thickness, MMT and angiogenesis promoted by PDF. It also improved the fibrinolytic capacity in PD effluents decreasing PAI-1 and IL-8 and increased tPA levels. Conclusion: Nebivolol protects PM from PDF-induced damage, promoting anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrinolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Liappas
- Immunology and Cellular Biology Department, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe González-Mateo
- Immunology and Cellular Biology Department, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Rita Aguirre
- Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Abensur
- Nephrology Department, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Albar-Vizcaino
- Molecular Biology Unit and Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio González Parra
- Nephrology Department, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Immunology and Cellular Biology Department, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García Ramírez
- Molecular Biology Unit and Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Del Peso
- Nephrology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María A Bajo
- Nephrology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Nephrology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez Tomero
- Molecular Biology Unit and Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Immunology and Cellular Biology Department, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Molecular Biology Unit and Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Roberts DD, Kaur S, Isenberg JS. Regulation of Cellular Redox Signaling by Matricellular Proteins in Vascular Biology, Immunology, and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:874-911. [PMID: 28712304 PMCID: PMC5653149 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to structural elements of the extracellular matrix, matricellular proteins appear transiently during development and injury responses, but their sustained expression can contribute to chronic disease. Through interactions with other matrix components and specific cell surface receptors, matricellular proteins regulate multiple signaling pathways, including those mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and H2S. Dysregulation of matricellular proteins contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and cancer. Defining the molecular mechanisms and receptors involved is revealing new therapeutic opportunities. Recent Advances: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) regulates NO, H2S, and superoxide production and signaling in several cell types. The TSP1 receptor CD47 plays a central role in inhibition of NO signaling, but other TSP1 receptors also modulate redox signaling. The matricellular protein CCN1 engages some of the same receptors to regulate redox signaling, and ADAMTS1 regulates NO signaling in Marfan syndrome. In addition to mediating matricellular protein signaling, redox signaling is emerging as an important pathway that controls the expression of several matricellular proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES Redox signaling remains unexplored for many matricellular proteins. Their interactions with multiple cellular receptors remains an obstacle to defining signaling mechanisms, but improved transgenic models could overcome this barrier. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therapeutics targeting the TSP1 receptor CD47 may have beneficial effects for treating cardiovascular disease and cancer and have recently entered clinical trials. Biomarkers are needed to assess their effects on redox signaling in patients and to evaluate how these contribute to their therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 874-911.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A common link between all forms of acute and chronic kidney injuries, regardless of species, is enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during injury/disease progression. While low levels of ROS and RNS are required for prosurvival signaling, cell proliferation and growth, and vasoreactivity regulation, an imbalance of ROS and RNS generation and elimination leads to inflammation, cell death, tissue damage, and disease/injury progression. RECENT ADVANCES Many aspects of renal oxidative stress still require investigation, including clarification of the mechanisms which prompt ROS/RNS generation and subsequent renal damage. However, we currently have a basic understanding of the major features of oxidative stress pathology and its link to kidney injury/disease, which this review summarizes. CRITICAL ISSUES The review summarizes the critical sources of oxidative stress in the kidney during injury/disease, including generation of ROS and RNS from mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The review next summarizes the renal antioxidant systems that protect against oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, and others. Next, we describe how oxidative stress affects kidney function and promotes damage in every nephron segment, including the renal vessels, glomeruli, and tubules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the limited success associated with the application of antioxidants for treatment of kidney injury/disease thus far, preventing the generation and accumulation of ROS and RNS provides an ideal target for potential therapeutic treatments. The review discusses the shortcomings of antioxidant treatments previously used and the potential promise of new ones. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 119-146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Ratliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Wasan Abdulmahdi
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rahul Pawar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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13
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Extracellular calcium-binding peptide-modified ceramics stimulate regeneration of calvarial bone defects. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 13:57-65. [PMID: 30603385 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-9066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 1 (SMOC1) has been implicated in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, we found that a peptide (16 amino acids in length), which is located in the extracellular calcium (EC) binding domain of SMOC1, stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs in vitro and calvarial bone regeneration in vivo. Treatment of BMSCs with SMOC1-EC peptide significantly stimulated their mineralization in a dose-dependent manner without changing their rate of proliferation. The expression of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, including type 1 collagen and osteocalcin, also increased in a dose-dependent manner. To examine the effect of the SMOC1-EC peptide on bone formation in vivo, the peptide was covalently immobilized onto hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the peptide was successfully immobilized onto the surface of HA/β-TCP. Implantation of the SMOC1-EC peptide-immobilized HA/β-TCP particles into mouse calvarial defects and subsequent analyses using microcomputed tomography and histology showed significant bone regeneration compared with that of calvarial defects implanted with unmodified HA/β-TCP particles. Collectively, our data suggest that a peptide derived from the EC domain of SMOC1 induces osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs in vitro and efficiently enhances bone regeneration in vivo.
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14
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Rahman MS, Akhtar N, Jamil HM, Banik RS, Asaduzzaman SM. TGF-β/BMP signaling and other molecular events: regulation of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Bone Res 2015; 3:15005. [PMID: 26273537 PMCID: PMC4472151 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of bone organogenesis through the activation of receptor serine/threonine kinases. Perturbations of TGF-β/BMP activity are almost invariably linked to a wide variety of clinical outcomes, i.e., skeletal, extra skeletal anomalies, autoimmune, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Phosphorylation of TGF-β (I/II) or BMP receptors activates intracellular downstream Smads, the transducer of TGF-β/BMP signals. This signaling is modulated by various factors and pathways, including transcription factor Runx2. The signaling network in skeletal development and bone formation is overwhelmingly complex and highly time and space specific. Additive, positive, negative, or synergistic effects are observed when TGF-β/BMP interacts with the pathways of MAPK, Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Akt/mTOR, and miRNA to regulate the effects of BMP-induced signaling in bone dynamics. Accumulating evidence indicates that Runx2 is the key integrator, whereas Hh is a possible modulator, miRNAs are regulators, and β-catenin is a mediator/regulator within the extensive intracellular network. This review focuses on the activation of BMP signaling and interaction with other regulatory components and pathways highlighting the molecular mechanisms regarding TGF-β/BMP function and regulation that could allow understanding the complexity of bone tissue dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shaifur Rahman
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Akhtar
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Hossen Mohammad Jamil
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Rajat Suvra Banik
- Lab of Network Biology, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University , Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Sikder M Asaduzzaman
- Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
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15
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Awwad K, Hu J, Shi L, Mangels N, Abdel Malik R, Zippel N, Fisslthaler B, Eble JA, Pfeilschifter J, Popp R, Fleming I. Role of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) in transforming growth factor β signalling and angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:284-94. [PMID: 25750188 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) is a matricellular protein that potentially interferes with growth factor receptor signalling. The aim of this study was to determine how its expression is regulated in endothelial cells and its role in the regulation of endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS SMOC1 was expressed by native murine endothelial cells as well as by cultured human, porcine, and murine endothelial cells. SMOC1 expression in cultured cells was increased by hypoxia via the down-regulation of miR-223, and SMOC1 expression was increased in lungs from miR-223-deficient mice. Silencing SMOC1 (small interfering RNA) attenuated endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting in in vitro angiogenesis assays. Similarly endothelial cell sprouting from aortic rings ex vivo as well as postnatal retinal angiogenesis in vivo was attenuated in SMOC1(+/-) mice. In endothelial cells, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling via activin-like kinase (ALK) 5 leads to quiescence, whereas TGF-β signalling via ALK1 results in endothelial cell activation. SMOC1 acted as a negative regulator of ALK5/SMAD2 signalling, resulting in altered α2 integrin levels. Mechanistically, SMOC1 associated (immunohistochemistry, proximity ligation assay, and co-immunoprecipitation) with endoglin; an endothelium-specific type III auxiliary receptor for the TGF-β super family and the effects of SMOC1 down-regulation on SMAD2 phosphorylation were abolished by the down-regulation of endoglin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SMOC1 is an ALK5 antagonist produced by endothelial cells that tips TGF-β signalling towards ALK1 activation, thus promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader Awwad
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Mangels
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Randa Abdel Malik
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Zippel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Excellence Cluster Cell-in-Motion, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmacenter Frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tsai KD, Chen W, Wang SH, Hsiao YW, Chi JY, Wu HY, Lee YJ, Wong HY, Tseng MJ, Lin TH. Downregulation of connective tissue growth factor by LPS/IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide is reversed by aristolochic acid treatment in glomerular mesangial cells via STAT-1α and NF-κB signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 210:86-95. [PMID: 24412304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a common cause of Chinese herb nephropathy. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AA nephropathy (AAN) are intricate. One well-documented effect of AA in the kidney is its pro-fibrotic activity. Nitric oxide (NO), a messenger gas generated from l-arginine, is the product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NO is involved in renal hemodynamics and exerts cytoprotective effects against renal injury. In the present study, the role of NO in AAN was investigated in MES-13 cells, a glomerular mesangial cell line. NO endogenously generated by the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) significantly downregulated connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein expression in MES-13 cells. AA significantly suppressed LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production and reversed CTGF expression that was downregulated by LPS/IFN-γ. AA decreased iNOS gene and protein expressions in a concentration-dependent manner. AA caused declines in LPS/IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-1α (STAT-1α) phosphorylation and interferon response factor-1 (IRF-1) mRNA expression. Furthermore, AA attenuated IκB phosphorylation and reduced NF-κB translocation to the nuclear fraction. Taken together, our data indicate that AA reversed the CTGF expression inhibited by LPS/IFN-γ treatment via suppression of NO and iNOS expressions in MES-13 cells through inhibition of the JAK/STAT-1α and NF-κB signaling pathways. NO potentially exerts antifibrotic activity by down regulation of CTGF in MES-13 cells and inhibition of the iNOS gene by AA might partially account for the fibrotic effects of AA in nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Daw Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Beigang Hospital, 123, Sinde Road, Beigang Township, Yunlin County 65152, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sue-Hong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Wei Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jhih-Ying Chi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ho-Yiu Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Beigang Hospital, 123, Sinde Road, Beigang Township, Yunlin County 65152, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Jen Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC.
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Klemenčič M, Novinec M, Maier S, Hartmann U, Lenarčič B. The heparin-binding activity of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC-1) modulates its cell adhesion properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56839. [PMID: 23437253 PMCID: PMC3578922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted modular calcium-binding proteins 1 and 2 (SMOC-1 and SMOC-1) are extracellular calcium- binding proteins belonging to the BM-40 family of proteins. In this work we have identified a highly basic region in the extracellular calcium-binding (EC) domain of the SMOC-1 similar to other known glycosaminoglycan-binding motifs. Size-exclusion chromatography shows that full length SMOC-1 as well as its C-terminal EC domain alone bind heparin and heparan sulfate, but not the related chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements were used to quantify the binding of heparin to full length SMOC-1 and the EC domain alone. The calculated equilibrium dissociation constants were in the lower micromolar range. The binding site consists of two antiparallel alpha helices and mutagenesis experiments have shown that heparin-binding residues in both helices must be replaced in order to abolish heparin binding. Furthermore, we show that the SMOC-1 EC domain, like the SMOC-2 EC domain, supports the adhesion of epithelial HaCaT cells. Heparin-binding impaired mutants failed to support S1EC-mediated cell adhesion and together with the observation that S1EC in complex with soluble heparin attenuated cell adhesion we conclude that a functional and accessible S1EC heparin-binding site mediates adhesion of epithelial cells to SMOC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Klemenčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Novinec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Silke Maier
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brigita Lenarčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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18
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Saleh MA, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. Distinct actions of endothelin A-selective versus combined endothelin A/B receptor antagonists in early diabetic kidney disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:263-70. [PMID: 21471190 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.178988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective endothelin A (ET(A)) and combined ET(A) and ET(B) receptor antagonists are being investigated for use in treating diabetic nephropathy. However, the receptor-specific mechanisms responsible for producing the potential benefits have not been discerned. Thus, we determined the actions of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors on measures of glomerular function and renal inflammation in the early stages of diabetic renal injury in rats through the use of selective and combined antagonists. Six weeks after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia, rats were given 2R-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4S-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N,N-di(n-butyl)aminocarbonyl-methyl)-pyrrolidine-3R-carboxylic acid (ABT-627) (5 mg/kg/day), a selective ET(A) antagonist; (2R,3R,4S)-4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-(N-propylpentylsulfonamido)ethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (A-182086) (10 mg/kg/day), a combined ET(A/B) antagonist; or vehicle for 1 week. Sham controls received STZ vehicle (saline). Hyperglycemia led to significant proteinuria, increased glomerular permeability to albumin (P(alb)), nephrinuria, and an increase in total matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) activities in glomeruli. Plasma and glomerular soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were elevated after 7 weeks of hyperglycemia. Daily administration of both ABT-627 and A-182086 for 1 week significantly attenuated proteinuria, the increase in P(alb), nephrinuria, and total MMP and TGF-β1 activity. However, glomerular sICAM-1 and MCP-1 expression was attenuated with ABT-627, but not A-182086, treatment. In summary, both selective ET(A) and combined ET(A/B) antagonists reduced proteinuria and glomerular permeability and restored glomerular filtration barrier component integrity, but only ET(A)-selective blockade had anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. We conclude that selective ET(A) antagonists are more likely to be preferred for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30907-2500, USA
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20
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Brosius FC, Khoury CC, Buller CL, Chen S. Abnormalities in signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5:51-64. [PMID: 20224802 PMCID: PMC2834210 DOI: 10.1586/eem.09.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by a plethora of signaling abnormalities that together ultimately result in the clinical and pathologic hallmarks of DN, namely progressive albuminuria followed by a gradual decline in glomerular filtration rate leading to kidney failure, and accompanied by podocyte loss, progressive glomerular sclerosis and, ultimately, progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Over the past few years, the general understanding of the abnormalities in signaling pathways that lead to DN has expanded considerably. In this review, some of the important pathways that appear to be involved in driving this process are discussed, with special emphasis on newer findings and insights. Newer concepts regarding signaling changes in bradykinin, mTOR, JAK/STAT, MCP-1, VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, activated protein C and other pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Brosius
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 5520 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0680, USA, Tel.: +1 734 764 3157, ,
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