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Hu Y, Li W, Cheng X, Yang H, She ZG, Cai J, Li H, Zhang XJ. Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 135:222-260. [PMID: 38900855 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease has become a major health burden worldwide, with sharply increasing prevalence but highly limited therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence has revealed that arachidonic acid derivatives and pathway factors link metabolic disorders to cardiovascular risks and intimately participate in the progression and severity of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we systemically summarized and updated the biological functions of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases, mainly focusing on heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and diabetes. We further discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arachidonic acid pathway-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic diseases and highlighted the emerging clinical advances to improve these pathological conditions by targeting arachidonic acid metabolites and pathway factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
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Xiao X, Ge H, Wang Y, Wan X, Li D, Xie Z. (-)-Gallocatechin Gallate Mitigates Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1755. [PMID: 38890983 PMCID: PMC11171689 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly predisposes individuals to diabetes and is a prognostic factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) in alleviating signs of MetS-associated DN in db/db mice. We administered GCG and monitored its effects on several metabolic parameters, including food and water intake, urinary output, blood glucose levels, glucose and insulin homeostasis, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and renal function biomarkers. The main findings indicated that GCG intervention led to marked improvements in these metabolic indicators and renal function, signifying its potential in managing MetS and DN. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed substantial modifications in gene expression, notably the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes such as S100a8, S100a9, Cd44, Socs3, Mmp3, Mmp9, Nlrp3, IL-1β, Osm, Ptgs2, and Lcn2 and the upregulation of the anti-oxidative gene Gstm3. These genetic alterations suggest significant effects on pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, GCG demonstrates therapeutic efficacy for MetS-associated DN, mitigating metabolic disturbances and enhancing renal health by modulating inflammatory and oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; (X.X.); (H.G.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (D.L.)
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huifang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; (X.X.); (H.G.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (D.L.)
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; (X.X.); (H.G.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (D.L.)
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; (X.X.); (H.G.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (D.L.)
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; (X.X.); (H.G.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (D.L.)
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; (X.X.); (H.G.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (D.L.)
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Hefei 230036, China
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Chen X, Xu Y, Meng X, Geng R, Wang X, Zhang G, Bai L. RETRACTED: Analysis of the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D, retinol binding protein, and Cyclooxygenase-2 and the disease severity in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14502. [PMID: 37973551 PMCID: PMC10898388 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose significant clinical challenges, representing severe complications in diabetes mellitus patients and contributing to non-traumatic amputations. Identifying reliable biomarkers can optimize early diagnosis and improve therapeutic outcomes. This study focused on evaluating the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], Serum Retinol Binding Protein (RBP), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in elderly DFU patients. A retrospective study involving 240 participants, from March 2020 to March 2023. The participants were segmented into three cohorts: 80 with DFUs, 80 diabetic patients without DFUs, and 80 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of the three biomarkers were assayed using methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay, and an automated biochemistry analyser. Comparisons were made both between groups and within the DFU group based on disease severity. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in biomarker levels across the groups (p < 0.05). COX-2 and RBP concentrations were highest in the DFU group, followed by the non-DFU diabetic group, and lowest in the control group. Conversely, 25(OH)D levels were highest in the control group, followed by the non-DFU diabetic group, and lowest in the DFU group. Within the DFU group, RBP and COX-2 levels increased with disease severity, while 25(OH)D levels decreased. These variations were especially pronounced in patients with the most severe Wagner grading. A significant positive correlation was observed between disease severity and levels of RBP (r = 0.651, p < 0.05) and COX-2 (r = 0.356, p < 0.05). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was identified between disease severity and 25(OH)D levels (r = -0.658, p < 0.05). Assessing 25(OH)D, RBP, and COX-2 serum levels offers a promising tool for evaluating the severity and progression of DFUs. Monitoring these biomarkers can enrich our understanding of the metabolic and inflammatory pathways of the disease and potentially refine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Chen
- Ward 1, The Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Ward 1, The Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Ward 1, The Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Ruina Geng
- Ward 1, The Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Ward 1, The Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Guanying Zhang
- Ward 2, The Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Liwei Bai
- Ward 1, The Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
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Wu Z, Li D, Tian D, Liu X, Wu Z. Aspirin mediates protection from diabetic kidney disease by inducing ferroptosis inhibition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279010. [PMID: 36516169 PMCID: PMC9749971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression can be predicted by abnormalities in the tubulointerstitial lining, and their treatment may be useful for preventing the disease. DKD is a progressive disease that contributes to renal tubular cell death, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a novel term linked to lipid hydroperoxidation, and it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DKD. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), an enzyme of the proximal tubule, causes cellular redox damage in DKD. It remains unknown whether COX2 exacerbates tubular damage by accelerating ferroptosis in the kidneys of diabetic mice. HK-2 cells cultured in high glucose exhibited ferroptosis, which was inhibited by ferroptosis inhibitors. Additionally, alterations in the sensors of ferroptosis metabolism, such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, lipid hydroperoxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and changes in mitochondrial morphology, were observed in high glucose-cultured HK-2 cells. Diabetic mice manifested tubular injury and deranged renal physiological indices, which were mitigated by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Importantly, these perturbations were ameliorated by downregulating COX2. In addition, the increased COX2 was observed to be elevated in the daibetic kindney. To explore the relevance of COX2 to ferroptosis, HK-2 cells that knocked down from COX2 exhibited decreased ferroptosis sensitivity under high glucose conditions. In RSL-3-treated HK-2 cells, ferroptosis was improved by downregulating COX2 by treatment with aspirin, which was confirmed in high glucose-cultured HK-2 cells. Furthermore, the ferroptosis changes were also suppressed by decreasing COX2 in diabetic mice treated with aspirin, which retarded DKD progression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ferroptosis in renal tubular cells contributes to DKD development and that diabetes-related ferroptosis was inhibited through the downregulation of COX2 by aspirin, thus retarding the progression of DKD. Our findings support a renoprotective mechanism by which aspirin inhibits COX2 activation, identify COX2 as a potential target of ferroptosis, and establish that ferroptosis in renal tubular cells is an integral process in the pathogenesis of DKD regulated by COX2 expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease, The Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingyuan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (ZW)
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (ZW)
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Lu L, Peng J, Wan P, Peng H, Lu J, Xiong G. Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.- Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim decoction in treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940773. [PMID: 36386135 PMCID: PMC9650488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The effective treatment of DKD would rely on the incorporation of a multi-disciplinary. Studies have shown that Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F. and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim have remarkable curative effects in treating DKD, but their combination mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We explored the mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.-Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim decoction (Leigongteng-Tianhuafen Decoction,LTD) in the treatment of DKD by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The main active components and action targets of LTD were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database. The speculative targets of DKD were obtained from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. Then, an herb-component-target network was constructed based on the above analyses. The biological function of targets was subsequently investigated, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub targets of DKD. The gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by RStudio. Finally, molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software to explore the interaction between compounds and targets. Furthermore, the DKD model of human renal tubular cells (HK-2) induced by high glucose (HG) was selected, and the predicted results were verified by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Results: A total of 31 active components of LTD were screened out, and 196 targets were identified based on the TCMSP database. A total of 3,481 DKD related targets were obtained based on GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. GO function enrichment analysis included 2,143, 50, and 167 GO terms for biological processes (BPs), cellular composition (CCs), and molecular functions (MFs), respectively. The top 10 enrichment items of BP annotations included response to lipopolysaccharide, response to molecule of bacterial origin, response to extracellular stimulus, etc. CC was mainly enriched in membrane raft, membrane microdomain, plasma membrane raft, etc. The MF of LTD analysis on DKD was predominately involved in nuclear receptor activity, ligand-activated transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding, etc. The involvement signaling pathway of LTD in the treatment of DKD included AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, insulin resistance, TNF signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that kaempferol, triptolide, nobiletin, and schottenol had a strong binding ability to PTGS2 and RELA. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments confirmed that LTD effectively decreased the expression of PTGS2, NF-κB, JNK, and AKT in the HG-induced DKD model. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of LTD on DKD might be achieved by decreasing the expression of PTGS2, NF-κB, JNK, and AKT, which might improve insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These findings can provide ideas and supply potential therapeutic targets for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinting Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peijun Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongcheng Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Jiandong Lu, ; Guoliang Xiong,
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Jiandong Lu, ; Guoliang Xiong,
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Boeno CN, Paloschi MV, Lopes JA, Souza Silva MD, Evangelista JR, Dos Reis VP, da S Setúbal S, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Dynamics of action of a Lys-49 and an Asp-49 PLA 2s on inflammasome NLRP3 activation in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109194. [PMID: 36041255 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are proteins found in snake venoms with hemolytic, anticoagulant, myotoxic, edematogenic, bactericidal and inflammatory actions. In Bothrops jararacussu snake venom were isolated a Lys49-PLA2 (BthTX-I) and an Asp49-PLA2 (BthTX-II) with myotoxic and inflammatory actions. Both PLA2s can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracytoplasmic platform that recognizes molecules released when tissue is damaged liberating IL-1β that contributes to the inflammatory response observed in envenoming. The dynamic of action of BthTX-I and BthTX-II in both thioglycollate (TG)-elicited macrophages and C2C12 myoblasts and the involvement of EP1 and EP2 receptors, and PGE2 in NLRP3 inflammasome activation were evaluated. Both toxins induced PGE2 liberation and inflammasome components (NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL18), IL-6, P2X7, COX-1, COX-2, EP2 and EP4 gene expression in TG-elicited macrophages but not in C2C12 myoblasts. EP2 (PF04418948) and EP4 (GW627368X) inhibitors abolished this effect. Both PLA2s also induced NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression that was abolished with the inhibitors used. Immunofluorescence and IL-1β assays confirmed the NLRP3 activation in TG-elicited macrophages with the participation of both EP2 and EP4 receptors confirming their involvement in this effect. All in all, BthTX-I and BthTX-II activate macrophages and induce the NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation with the participation of the PGE2 via COX pathway and EP2 and EP4, both PGE2 receptors, contributing to the local inflammatory effects observed in envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Boeno
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Mauro V Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Milena D Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Jaína R Evangelista
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Valdison P Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Sulamita da S Setúbal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Ming J, Sana SRGL, Deng X. Identification of copper-related biomarkers and potential molecule mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:978601. [PMID: 36329882 PMCID: PMC9623046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.978601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microvascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the role of copper-related genes (CRGs) in DN development remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS CRGs were acquired from the GeneCards and NCBI databases. Based on the GSE96804 and GSE111154 datasets from the GEO repository, we identified hub CRGs for DN progression by taking the intersection of differentially expressed CRGs (DECRGs) and genes in the key module from Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. The Maximal Clique Centrality algorithm was used to identify the key CRGs from hub CRGs. Transcriptional factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting hub CRGs were acquired from publicly available databases. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to perform comparative immune cell infiltration analysis between normal and DN samples. RESULTS Eighty-two DECRGs were identified between normal and DN samples, as were 10 hub CRGs, namely PTGS2, DUSP1, JUN, FOS, S100A8, S100A12, NAIP, CLEC4E, CXCR1, and CXCR2. Thirty-nine TFs and 165 miRNAs potentially targeted these 10 hub CRGs. PTGS2 was identified as the key CRG and FOS as the most significant gene among all of DECRGs. RELA was identified as the hub TF interacting with PTGS2 by taking the intersection of potential TFs from the ChEA and JASPAR public databases. let-7b-5p was identified as the hub miRNA targeting PTGS2 by taking the intersection of miRNAs from the miRwalk, RNA22, RNAInter, TargetMiner, miRTarBase, and ENCORI databases. Similarly, CREB1, E2F1, and RELA were revealed as hub TFs for FOS, and miR-338-3p as the hub miRNA. Finally, compared with those in healthy samples, there are more infiltrating memory B cells, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and resting mast cells and fewer infiltrating activated mast cells and neutrophils in DN samples (all p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The 10 identified hub copper-related genes provide insight into the mechanisms of DN development. It is beneficial to examine and understand the interaction between hub CRGs and potential regulatory molecules in DN. This knowledge may provide a novel theoretical foundation for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and copper-related therapy targets in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ming
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si Ri Gu Leng Sana
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Si Ri Gu Leng Sana,
| | - Xijin Deng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Quadri SS, Cooper C, Ghaffar D, Vaishnav H, Nahar L. The Pathological Role of Pro(Renin) Receptor in Renal Inflammation. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:339-344. [PMID: 33776491 PMCID: PMC7989955 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s297682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is the recently discovered component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS). Many organs contain their own RAS, wherein PRR can exert organ-specific localized effects. The Binding of prorenin/renin to PRR activates angiotensin-dependent and independent pathways which leads to the development of physiological and pathological effects. Continued progress in PRR research suggests that the upregulation of PRR contributes to the development of hypertension, glomerular injury, and progression of kidney disease and inflammation. In the current review, we highlight the function of the PRR in renal inflammation in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Quadri
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Caleb Cooper
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Dawood Ghaffar
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hitesh Vaishnav
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ludmila Nahar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine/John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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10
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Jaimes EA, Zhou MS, Siddiqui M, Rezonzew G, Tian R, Seshan SV, Muwonge AN, Wong NJ, Azeloglu EU, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Raij L. Nicotine, smoking, podocytes, and diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F442-F453. [PMID: 33459165 PMCID: PMC7988804 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00194.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Besides glycemic and blood pressure control, environmental factors such as cigarette smoking (CS) adversely affect the progression of DN. The effects of CS on DN progression have been attributed to combustion-generated molecules without consideration to the role of nicotine (NIC), responsible for the addictive properties of both CS and electronic cigarettes (ECs). Podocytes are essential to preserve the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier, and strong evidence indicates that early podocyte loss promotes DN progression. We performed experiments in human podocytes and in a mouse model of diabetes that develops nephropathy resembling human DN. We determined that NIC binding to podocytes in concentrations achieved with CS and ECs activated NADPH oxidase, which sets in motion a dysfunctional molecular network integrated by cyclooxygenase 2, known to induce podocyte injury; downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase, important for maintaining cellular energy stores and antioxidation; and upregulation of CD36, which increased lipid uptake and promoted apoptosis. In diabetic mice, NIC increased proteinuria, a recognized marker of chronic kidney disease progression, accompanied by reduced glomerular podocyte synaptopodin, a crucial stabilizer of the podocyte cytoskeleton, and increased fibronectin expression. This novel study critically implicates NIC itself as a contributor to DN progression in CS and EC users.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we demonstrate that nicotine increases the production of reactive oxygen species, increases cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and upregulates Cd36 while inducing downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In vivo nicotine increases proteinuria and fibronectin expression in diabetic mice. This study demonstrates that effects of nicotine on podocytes are responsible, at least in part, for the deleterious effects of smoking in the progression of chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mohammed Siddiqui
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gabriel Rezonzew
- Renal Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Runxia Tian
- Nephrology Section, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Surya V Seshan
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alecia N Muwonge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Leopoldo Raij
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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11
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Sidhom EH, Kim C, Kost-Alimova M, Ting MT, Keller K, Avila-Pacheco J, Watts AJ, Vernon KA, Marshall JL, Reyes-Bricio E, Racette M, Wieder N, Kleiner G, Grinkevich EJ, Chen F, Weins A, Clish CB, Shaw JL, Quinzii CM, Greka A. Targeting a Braf/Mapk pathway rescues podocyte lipid peroxidation in CoQ-deficiency kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141380. [PMID: 33444290 DOI: 10.1172/jci141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis lead to kidney failure due to selective loss of podocytes, essential cells of the kidney filter. Curiously, neighboring tubular epithelial cells are spared early in disease despite higher mitochondrial content. We sought to illuminate noncanonical, cell-specific roles for CoQ, independently of the electron transport chain (ETC). Here, we demonstrate that CoQ depletion caused by Pdss2 enzyme deficiency in podocytes results in perturbations in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and the Braf/Mapk pathway rather than ETC dysfunction. Single-nucleus RNA-Seq from kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice with nephrotic syndrome and global CoQ deficiency identified a podocyte-specific perturbation of the Braf/Mapk pathway. Treatment with GDC-0879, a Braf/Mapk-targeting compound, ameliorated kidney disease in Pdss2kd/kd mice. Mechanistic studies in Pdss2-depleted podocytes revealed a previously unknown perturbation in PUFA metabolism that was confirmed in vivo. Gpx4, an enzyme that protects against PUFA-mediated lipid peroxidation, was elevated in disease and restored after GDC-0879 treatment. We demonstrate broader human disease relevance by uncovering patterns of GPX4 and Braf/Mapk pathway gene expression in tissue from patients with kidney diseases. Our studies reveal ETC-independent roles for CoQ in podocytes and point to Braf/Mapk as a candidate pathway for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - May Theng Ting
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Keller
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andrew Jb Watts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Vernon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Matthew Racette
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Singh B, Kumar A, Singh H, Kaur S, Kaur S, Singh Buttar H, Arora S, Singh B. Zingerone produces antidiabetic effects and attenuates diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress and overexpression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and COX-2 proteins in rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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13
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Chen Y, Xu C. The interaction partners of (pro)renin receptor in the distal nephron. FASEB J 2020; 34:14136-14149. [PMID: 32975331 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001711r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a key regulator of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is predominantly presented in podocytes, proximal tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and the apical membrane of collecting duct A-type intercalated cells, and plays a crucial role in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and fluid homeostasis. In addition to its well-known renin-regulatory function, increasing evidence suggests PRR can also act in a variety of intracellular signaling cascades independently of RAS in the renal medulla, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) signaling, and the apelinergic system, and work as a component of the vacuolar H+ -ATPase. PRR and these pathways regulate the expression/activity of each other that controlling blood pressure and renal functions. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the antagonistic interaction between PRR and ELABELA/apelin, the mutually stimulatory relationship between PRR and COX-2/PGE2 or Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the renal medulla, and their involvement in the regulation of intrarenal RAS thereby control blood pressure, renal injury, and urine concentrating ability in health and patho-physiological conditions. We also highlight the latest progress in the involvement of PRR for the vacuolar H+ -ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Chen
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure in the USA, representing ~ 44% of all cases of kidney failure. Advancements in both glucose management and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system have significantly improved prognosis for individuals with DKD, yet DKD continues to affect 30-40% of people with type 2 diabetes and is still a major predictor of mortality in this population. Thus, new interventions are required to address this significant health burden. RECENT FINDINGS One potential target for intervention is cellular senescence. Senescence permanently arrests cell division in response to genotoxic, oncogenic, or metabolic stresses-coupled to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases, and other molecules that can have potent local and systemic effects. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) explains how a relatively small number of senescent cells can promote pathology, and a growing number of degenerative conditions have been found to be caused or aggravated by senescent cells. Many SASP factors are also associated with loss of kidney function. Targeted elimination of senescent cells prevents the development of several degenerative pathologies. Since senescent cells appear in the proximal tubules and podocytes of patients with DKD, they are an appealing target for intervention in these disorders. Here, we review the current literature linking senescence to DKD and speculate on the likely routes to intervention in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Wiley
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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15
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Saoud R, Jaffa MA, Habib A, Zhao J, Al Hariri M, Zhu R, Hasan A, Ziyadeh FN, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y, Jaffa AA. Modulation of proteomic and inflammatory signals by Bradykinin in podocytes. J Adv Res 2020; 24:409-422. [PMID: 32518694 PMCID: PMC7270529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte damage is one of the hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy leading to proteinuria and kidney damage. The underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury are not well defined. Bradykinin (BK) was shown to contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Here, we evaluated the temporal changes in proteome profile and inflammatory signals of podocytes in response to BK (10−7M). Protein profile was evaluated by liquid chromatography mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Proteome profile analysis of podocytes treated with BK (10−7M) for 3 and 6 h, revealed 61 proteins that were differentially altered compared to unstimulated control podocytes. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested inhibition of cell death pathways, engagement of cytoskeletal elements and activation of inflammatory pathways. One of the inflammatory proteins that was identified to be induced by BK treatment is Prostaglandin (PG) H Synthase-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2). In addition, BK significantly induced the production and release of PGE2 and this effect was inhibited by both COX-2 and MEK Kinase inhibitors, demonstrating that the production of PGE2 by BK is mediated via COX-2 and MAPK-dependent mechanisms. These findings provide a global understanding of the effector modulated proteome in response to BK and also reveal BK as an important modulator of inflammation and a potential player in podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Saoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miran A Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM-U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, France
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Moustafa Al Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Fuad N Ziyadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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MicroRNA-148a regulates low-density lipoprotein metabolism by repressing the (pro)renin receptor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225356. [PMID: 32437440 PMCID: PMC7241754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) concentration is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) regulates LDL metabolism, and thereby plasma LDL-c concentration. Recently, we have identified the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] as a novel regulator of LDL metabolism, which regulates LDLR degradation and hence its protein abundance and activity. In silico analysis suggests that the (P)RR is a target of miR-148a. In this study we determined whether miR-148a could regulate LDL metabolism by regulating (P)RR expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. We found that miR-148a suppressed (P)RR expression by binding to the 3’-untranslated regions (3’-UTR) of the (P)RR mRNA. Mutating the binding sites for miR-148a in the 3’-UTR of (P)RR mRNA completely abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-148a on (P)RR expression. In line with our recent findings, reduced (P)RR expression resulted in decreased cellular LDL uptake, likely as a consequence of decreased LDLR protein abundance. Overexpressing the (P)RR prevented miR-148a-induced reduction in LDLR abundance and cellular LDL uptake. Our study supports a new concept that miR-148a is a regulator of (P)RR expression. By reducing (P)RR abundance, miR-148a decreases LDLR protein abundance and consequently cellular LDL uptake.
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17
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Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) was first identified as a single-transmembrane receptor in human kidneys and initially attracted attention owing to its potential role as a regulator of the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Subsequent studies found that the (P)RR is widely distributed in organs throughout the body, including the kidneys, heart, brain, eyes, placenta and the immune system, and has multifaceted functions in vivo. The (P)RR has roles in various physiological processes, such as the cell cycle, autophagy, acid-base balance, energy metabolism, embryonic development, T cell homeostasis, water balance, blood pressure regulation, cardiac remodelling and maintenance of podocyte structure. These roles of the (P)RR are mediated by its effects on important biological systems and pathways including the tissue RAS, vacuolar H+-ATPase, Wnt, partitioning defective homologue (Par) and tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, the (P)RR has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as fibrosis, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetic microangiopathy, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, cancer and obesity. Current evidence suggests that the (P)RR has key roles in the normal development and maintenance of vital organs and that dysfunction of the (P)RR is associated with diseases that are characterized by a disruption of the homeostasis of physiological functions.
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18
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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19
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Wang L, Chang JH, Buckley AF, Spurney RF. Knockout of TRPC6 promotes insulin resistance and exacerbates glomerular injury in Akita mice. Kidney Int 2020; 95:321-332. [PMID: 30665571 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in TRPC6 cause familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and TRPC6 is upregulated in glomerular diseases including diabetic kidney disease. We studied the effect of systemic TRPC6 knockout in the Akita model of type 1 diabetes. Knockout of TRPC6 inhibited albuminuria in Akita mice at 12 and 16 weeks of age, but this difference disappeared by 20 weeks. Knockout of TRPC6 also reduced tubular injury in Akita mice; however, mesangial expansion was significantly increased. Hyperglycemia and blood pressure were similar between TRPC6 knockout and wild-type Akita mice, but knockout mice were more insulin resistant. In cultured podocytes, knockout of TRPC6 inhibited expression of the calcium/calcineurin responsive gene insulin receptor substrate 2 and decreased insulin responsiveness. Insulin resistance is reported to promote diabetic kidney disease independent of blood glucose levels. While the mechanisms are not fully understood, insulin activates both Akt2 and ERK, which inhibits apoptosis signal regulated kinase 1 (ASK1)-p38-induced apoptosis. In cultured podocytes, hyperglycemia stimulated p38 signaling and induced apoptosis, which was reduced by insulin and ASK1 inhibition and enhanced by Akt or ERK inhibition. Glomerular p38 signaling was increased in TRPC6 knockout Akita mice and was associated with enhanced expression of the p38 gene target cyclooxygenase 2. These data suggest that knockout of TRPC6 in Akita mice promotes insulin resistance and exacerbates glomerular disease independent of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jae-Hyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne F Buckley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert F Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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20
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Hou C, Zhu X, Shi C, Peng Y, Huang D, Li Q, Miao Y. Iguratimod (T-614) attenuates severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109455. [PMID: 31541854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease that can develop locally to the multiple organs. It is characterized by pancreatic tissue self-digestion, and the rapid release of inflammatory cytokines, which play a dominant role in local or even systemic inflammation. In this study, we investigate the protective effect of T-614 against SAP induced by cerulein plus LPS in mice. Biochemical markers associated with pancreatitis in serum such as inflammatory cytokines, amylase and lipase activities were measured. Related proteins of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway were evaluated by western blotting. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate changes of inflammation in pancreatic tissue. T-614 significantly alleviated the elevation markers of pancreatitis and suppresses the pancreatic tissue damage, including histopathological and molecular manifestations. In conclusion, T-614 plays a protective role in experimental SAP mice model via anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Hou
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaole Zhu
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenyuan Shi
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Peng
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used therapeutic class in clinical medicine. These are sub-divided based on their selectivity for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) into: (1) non-selective (ns-NSAIDs), and (2) selective NSAIDs (s-NSAIDs) with preferential inhibition of COX-2 isozyme. The safety and pathophysiology of NSAIDs on the renal and cardiovascular systems have continued to evolve over the years following short- and long-term treatment in both preclinical models and humans. This review summarizes major learnings on cardiac and renal complications associated with pharmaceutical inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 with focus on preclinical to clinical translatability of cardio-renal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A Radi
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, USA
| | - K Nasir Khan
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, USA
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22
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Mou X, Zhou DY, Liu YH, Liu K, Zhou D. Identification of potential therapeutic target genes in mouse mesangial cells associated with diabetic nephropathy using bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4617-4627. [PMID: 31105790 PMCID: PMC6507521 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify genes under the effect of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), high glucose (HG) and glucosamine (GlcN) in MES-13 mesangial cells and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The gene expression datasets GSE2557 and GSE2558 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were independently screened using the GEO2R online tool. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape software. The hub genes were identified by the NetworkAnalyzer plugin. Overlapping genes were subjected to molecular docking analysis using SystemsDock. A total of 202 upregulated and 158 downregulated DEGs from the HG-treated groups, 138 upregulated and 103 downregulated DEGs from the GlcN-treated groups, and 81 upregulated and 44 downregulated DEGs from the TGF-β1-treated groups were identified. The majority of the DEGs were independently enriched in 'nucleosome assembly', 'chromatin silencing' and 'xenobiotic glucuronidation'. In addition, KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' and 'aldarate metabolism pathway', and 'TNF signaling pathway' intersected in the TGF-β1-treated and HG-treated groups. In total, eight hub genes, Jun, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), fibronectin 1 (Fn1), cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2, Fos, heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (Hspa5), Hsp90b1 and homo sapiens hypoxia upregulated 1 (Hyou1), and three overlapping genes, Ras homolog gene family, member B (RHOB), complement factor H (CFH) and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), were selected. Valsartan with RHOB, and fosinopril with CFH and KLF15 had preferential binding activity. In conclusion, Jun, Ptgs2, Fn1, Cdk2, Fos, Hspa5, Hsp90b1, Hyou1, RHOB, CFH and KLF15 may be potential therapeutic targets for mesangial cells associated with DN, which may provide insight into DN treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Di Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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23
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Abstract
Significance: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing globally. There is also increasing associated complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vascular complications of diabetes. There is currently no licensed treatment for NAFLD and no recent treatments for diabetic complications. New approaches are required, particularly those addressing mechanism-based risk factors for health decline and disease progression. Recent Advances: Dicarbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites such as methylglyoxal (MG) leading to cell and tissue dysfunction. It is a potential driver of obesity, diabetes, and related complications that are unaddressed by current treatments. Increased formation of MG is linked to increased glyceroneogenesis and hyperglycemia in obesity and diabetes and also down-regulation of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1)-which provides the main enzymatic detoxification of MG. Glo1 functional genomics studies suggest that increasing Glo1 expression and activity alleviates dicarbonyl stress; slows development of obesity, related insulin resistance; and prevents development of diabetic nephropathy and other microvascular complications of diabetes. A new therapeutic approach constitutes small-molecule inducers of Glo1 expression-Glo1 inducers-exploiting a regulatory antioxidant response element in the GLO1 gene. A prototype Glo1 inducer, trans-resveratrol (tRES)-hesperetin (HESP) combination, in corrected insulin resistance, improved glycemic control and vascular inflammation in healthy overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Critical Issues: tRES and HESP synergize pharmacologically, and HESP likely overcomes the low bioavailability of tRES by inhibition of intestinal glucuronosyltransferases. Future Directions: Glo1 inducers may now be evaluated in Phase 2 clinical trials for treatment of NAFLD and vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- 1 Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry, United Kingdom .,2 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- 1 Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry, United Kingdom .,2 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
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24
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Ma KL, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang GH, Hu ZB, Chen PP, Lu J, Lu CC, Gong TK, Gong YX, Liu BC. Aspirin attenuates podocyte injury in diabetic rats through overriding cyclooxygenase-2-mediated dysregulation of LDL receptor pathway. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:551-558. [PMID: 30604228 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of aspirin on podocyte injury and its underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: non-diabetic rats (Control), streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM), and diabetic rats treated with aspirin (DM + Aspirin) for 12 weeks. Intracellular lipid accumulation was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and quantitative free cholesterol assays. Podocyte injury and the levels of COX-2, inflammatory cytokines, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) pathway-related proteins were evaluated by electron microscopy, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Lipid levels and urinary albumin-creatinine ratios were higher in the DM rats than in the Control rats. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed glomerular hypertrophy and mild mesangial area widening in the DM rats. Electron microscopy showed that the podocyte foot processes were significantly flattened or absent in the DM rats. The protein expression levels of WT-1 and nephrin in the podocytes of DM rats were reduced. Interestingly, lipid accumulation in the kidneys of DM rats was significantly increased due to increased protein expression levels of LDLr, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), SREBP-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines. Confocal immunofluorescent staining showed that COX-2 and WT-1 were co-expressed. Furthermore, COX-2 protein expression levels were positively correlated with LDLr protein expression levels. However, when COX-2 expression was inhibited by aspirin, these changes in the DM rats were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION Aspirin attenuates podocyte injury in DN, which may be through COX-2-mediated dysregulation of LDLr pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Gui Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Ze Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Chen Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Tie Kai Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Yu Xiang Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
| | - Bi Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing, 210009, Jiang Su, China
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25
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Xian Y, Dong L, Jia Y, Lin Y, Jiao W, Wang Y. miR-370 promotes high glucose-induced podocyte injuries by inhibiting angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1545-1555. [PMID: 30095204 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xian
- Department of Endocrinology; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Liping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; No. 1 Jiaozhou Road Qingdao 266011 China
| | - Yong Jia
- Department of Urology; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; Qingdao 266011 China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Wenjuan Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; No. 1 Jiaozhou Road Qingdao 266011 China
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26
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Li Y, Xia W, Zhao F, Wen Z, Zhang A, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang Y. Prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26586-26602. [PMID: 29899878 PMCID: PMC5995175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid via the sequential catalyzation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and specific prostaglandin synthases. There are five subtypes of PGs, namely PGE2, PGI2, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). PGs exert distinct roles by combining to a diverse family of membrane-spanning G protein-coupled prostanoid receptors. The distribution of these PGs, their specific synthases and receptors vary a lot in the kidney. This review summarized the recent findings of PGs together with the COXs and their specific synthases and receptors in regulating renal function and highlighted the insights into their roles in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaoying Wen
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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27
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Park CH, Lee AY, Kim JH, Seong SH, Jang GY, Cho EJ, Choi JS, Kwon J, Kim YO, Lee SW, Yokozawa T, Shin YS. Protective Effect of Safflower Seed on Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage in Mice via Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Mediated Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:157-174. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, a platinum chelate with potent antitumor activity against cancers of the testis, ovary, urinary bladder, prostate, and head and neck, has adverse effects on the kidney, bone marrow, and digestive organs, and its use is particularly limited by nephropathy as a side effect. In the present study, safflower seed extract was administered to a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure to investigate its activity. Cisplatin (20[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to mice that had received oral safflower seed extract (100 or 200[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight per day) for the preceding 2 days. Three days after the cisplatin injection, serum and renal biochemical factors; oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-related protein expression; and histological findings were evaluated. Cisplatin-treated control mice showed body-weight, food intake and water intake loss, and increased kidney weight, whereas the administration of safflower seed extract attenuated these effects ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Moreover, safflower seed extract significantly decreased the renal functional parameters urea nitrogen and creatinine in the serum ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively). Safflower seed extract also significantly reduced the enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species in the kidney observed following cisplatin treatment, with significance. The expression of proteins related to the anti-oxidant defense system in the kidney was down-regulated following cisplatin treatment, but safflower seed extract significantly up-regulated the expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase. Furthermore, safflower seed extract reduced the overexpression of phosphor (p)-p38, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, ATR, p-p53, Bax, and caspase 3 proteins, and mice treated with safflower seed extract exhibited less renal histological damage. These results provide important evidence that safflower seed extract exerts a pleiotropic effect on several oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related parameters and has a renoprotective effect in cisplatin-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Yeong Jang
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
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28
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Nie X, Chanley MA, Pengal R, Thomas DB, Agrawal S, Smoyer WE. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of downstream targets of p38 MAPK in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F602-F613. [PMID: 29187369 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nie X, Chanley MA, Pengal R, Thomas DB, Agrawal S, Smoyer WE. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of downstream targets of p38 MAPK in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314: F602-F613, 2018. First published November 29, 2017; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2017 .-The p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in various glomerulopathies, with activation being associated with disease and inhibition being associated with disease amelioration. We hypothesized that the downstream targets of p38 MAPK, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 and/or 3 (MK2 and/or MK3), play an important role in mediating injury in experimental nephrotic syndrome via their actions on their downstream substrates heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). To test this hypothesis, the effects of both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of MK2 and MK3 were examined in mouse adriamycin (ADR) and rat puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy models. MK2-/-, MK3-/-, and MK2-/-MK3-/- mice were generated in the Sv129 background and subjected to ADR-induced nephropathy. MK2 and MK3 protein expression was completely abrogated in the respective knockout genotypes, and massive proteinuria and renal histopathological changes developed after ADR treatment. Furthermore, renal cortical HSPB1 was induced in all four genotypes by day 21, but HSPB1 was activated only in the wild-type and MK3-/- mice. Expression of the stress proteins HSPB8 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) remained unaltered across all genotypes. Finally, while MK2 and/or MK3-knockout downregulated the proinflammatory enzyme COX-2, ADR significantly induced renal cortical COX-2 only in MK2-/- mice. Additionally, pharmacological MK2 inhibition with PF-318 during PAN-induced nephropathy did not result in significant proteinuria reduction in rats. Together, these data suggest that while the inhibition of MK2 and/or MK3 regulates the renal stress response, our currently available approaches are not yet able to safely and effectively reduce proteinuria in experimental nephrotic syndrome and that other p38MAPK downstream targets should also be considered to improve the future treatment of glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Nie
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Melinda A Chanley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ruma Pengal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - David B Thomas
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - William E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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29
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Abdallah MS, Kennedy CRJ, Stephan JS, Khalil PA, Mroueh M, Eid AA, Faour WH. Transforming growth factor-β1 and phosphatases modulate COX-2 protein expression and TAU phosphorylation in cultured immortalized podocytes. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:191-201. [PMID: 29085960 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The aim of this study is to elucidate TGF-β1 signaling pathways involved in COX-2 protein induction and modulation of TAU protein phosphorylation in cultured podocytes. MATERIALS, TREATMENT AND METHODS In vitro cultured immortalized podocytes were stimulated with TGF-β1 in presence and absence of pharmacologic inhibitors for various signaling pathways and phosphatases. Then, COX-2 protein expression, as well as P38MAPK, AKT and TAU phosphorylation levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1 induction of COX-2 protein levels was completely blocked by pharmacologic inhibitors of phosphatases, P38 MAPK, or NF-қB pathways. Time course experiments showed that TGF-β1 activated p38 MAPK after 5 min of stimulation. Interestingly, podocyte co-incubated with TGF-β1, high glucose and/or PGE2 showed strong increase in p38 MAPK and AKT phosphorylation as well as COX- 2 protein expression levels. Levels of phosphorylated AKT were further reduced and levels of phosphorylated p38 were increased when PGE2 was added to the culture media. Interestingly, selective phosphatases inhibitors completely abrogated PGE2-induced P38 MAPK and TAU phosphorylation. Also, inhibition of phosphatases reversed TGF-β1-induced COX-2 protein expression either alone or when incubated with high glucose or PGE2. CONCLUSION These data suggest TGF-β1 mediates its effect in podocyte through novel signaling mechanisms including phosphatases and TAU protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S Abdallah
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Christopher R J Kennedy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joseph S Stephan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Abou Khalil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Mroueh
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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30
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Park CH, Shin MR, An BK, Joh HW, Lee JC, Roh SS, Yokozawa T. Heat-Processed Scutellariae Radix Protects Hepatic Inflammation through the Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1233-1252. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice. Scutellariae Radix heat-processed at 160[Formula: see text]C or 180[Formula: see text]C was orally administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for three days before the intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the effects were compared with those of vehicle-treated LPS administered to control mice. The administration of Scutellariae Radix decreased the elevated serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite/nitrate, peroxynitrite, and hepatic functional parameters, and reduced the increased ROS in the liver. The augmented expressions of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation-related proteins, phospho-p38, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-[Formula: see text] B p65, activator protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], and IL-6, were downregulated by the heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the increased hepatocellular damage in the liver of LPS-treated mice improved with the administration of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Overall, the ameliorative effects of Scutellariae Radix were superior to those when heat-processed at 180[Formula: see text]C. Our results indicate that heat-processed Scutellariae Radix acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver of mice with LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kwan An
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Joh
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Cheon Lee
- Jeollanamdo Development Institute for Korean Traditional Medicine, Jeollanamdo 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Gonzalez AA, Zamora L, Reyes-Martinez C, Salinas-Parra N, Roldan N, Cuevas CA, Figueroa S, Gonzalez-Vergara A, Prieto MC. (Pro)renin receptor activation increases profibrotic markers and fibroblast-like phenotype through MAPK-dependent ROS formation in mouse renal collecting duct cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1134-1144. [PMID: 28696542 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that activation of the PRR upregulates profibrotic markers through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation; however, the exact mechanisms have not been investigated in CD cells. We hypothesized that activation of the PRR increases the expression of profibrotic markers through MAPK-dependent ROS formation in CD cells. Mouse renal CD cell line (M-1) was treated with recombinant prorenin plus ROS or MAPK inhibitors and PRR-shRNA to evaluate their effect on the expression of profibrotic markers. PRR immunostaining revealed plasma membrane and intracellular localization. Recombinant prorenin increases ROS formation (6.0 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 0.1 nmol/L DCF/μg total protein, P < .05) and expression of profibrotic markers CTGF (149 ± 12%, P < .05), α-SMA (160 ± 20%, P < .05), and PAI-I (153 ± 13%, P < .05) at 10-8 mol/L. Recombinant prorenin-induced phospho ERK 1/2 (p44 and p42) at 10-8 and 10-6 mol/L after 20 minutes. Prorenin-dependent ROS formation and augmentation of profibrotic factors were blunted by ROS scavengers (trolox, p-coumaric acid, ascorbic acid), the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and PRR transfections with PRR-shRNA. No effects were observed in the presence of antioxidants alone. Prorenin-induced upregulation of collagen I and fibronectin was blunted by ROS scavenging or MEK inhibition independently. PRR-shRNA partially prevented this induction. After 24 hours prorenin treatment M-1 cells undergo to epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, however MEK inhibitor PD98059 and PRR knockdown prevented this effect. These results suggest that PRR might have a significant role in tubular damage during conditions of high prorenin-renin secretion in the CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Leonardo Zamora
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | | | - Nicolas Salinas-Parra
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Nicole Roldan
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Catherina A Cuevas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stefanny Figueroa
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alex Gonzalez-Vergara
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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EP4 inhibition attenuates the development of diabetic and non-diabetic experimental kidney disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3442. [PMID: 28611444 PMCID: PMC5469816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic targeting of prostanoid subtype receptors may slow the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through mechanisms that are distinct from those of upstream COX inhibition. Here, employing multiple experimental models of CKD, we studied the effects of inhibition of the EP4 receptor, one of four receptor subtypes for the prostanoid prostaglandin E2. In streptozotocin-diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice, EP4 inhibition attenuated the development of albuminuria, whereas the COX inhibitor indomethacin did not. In Type 2 diabetic db/db mice, EP4 inhibition lowered albuminuria to a level comparable with that of the ACE inhibitor captopril. However, unlike captopril, EP4 inhibition had no effect on blood pressure or hyperfiltration although it did attenuate mesangial matrix accumulation. Indicating a glucose-independent mechanism of action, EP4 inhibition also attenuated proteinuria development and glomerular scarring in non-diabetic rats subjected to surgical renal mass ablation. Finally, in vitro, EP4 inhibition prevented transforming growth factor-ß1 induced dedifferentiation of glomerular podocytes. In rodent models of diabetic and non-diabetic CKD, EP4 inhibition attenuated renal injury through mechanisms that were distinct from either broadspectrum COX inhibition or “standard of care” renin angiotensin system blockade. EP4 inhibition may represent a viable repurposing opportunity for the treatment of CKD.
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Sharma D, Bhattacharya P, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Diabetic nephropathy: New insights into established therapeutic paradigms and novel molecular targets. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 128:91-108. [PMID: 28453961 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent microvascular complication in patients suffering from diabetes and is reported to be the major cause of renal failure when compared to any other kidney disease. Currently, available therapies provide only symptomatic relief and unable to treat the underlying pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. This review will explore new insights into the established therapeutic paradigms targeting oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress with the focus on recent clinical developments. Apart from this, the involvement of novel cellular and molecular mechanisms including the role of endothelin-receptor antagonists, Wnt signaling pathway, epigenetics and micro RNA is also discussed so that key molecular switches involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy can be identified. Elucidating new molecular pathways will help in the development of novel therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Wang L, Sha Y, Bai J, Eisner W, Sparks MA, Buckley AF, Spurney RF. Podocyte-specific knockout of cyclooxygenase 2 exacerbates diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F430-F439. [PMID: 28490532 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00614.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in podocytes contributes to glomerular injury in diabetic kidney disease, but some basal level of podocyte COX2 expression might be required to promote podocyte attachment and/or survival. To investigate the role of podocyte COX2 expression in diabetic kidney disease, we deleted COX2 specifically in podocytes in a mouse model of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Akita mice). Podocyte-specific knockout (KO) of COX2 did not affect renal morphology or albuminuria in nondiabetic mice. Albuminuria was significantly increased in wild-type (WT) and KO Akita mice compared with nondiabetic controls, and the increase in albuminuria was significantly greater in KO Akita mice compared with WT Akita mice at both 16 and 20 wk of age. At the 20-wk time point, mesangial expansion was also increased in WT and KO Akita mice compared with nondiabetic animals, and these histologic abnormalities were not improved by KO of COX2. Tubular injury was seen only in diabetic mice, but there were no significant differences between groups. Thus, KO of COX2 enhanced albuminuria and did not improve the histopathologic features of diabetic kidney disease. These data suggest that 1) KO of COX2 in podocytes does not ameliorate diabetic kidney disease in Akita mice, and 2) some basal level of podocyte COX2 expression in podocytes is necessary to attenuate the adverse effects of diabetes on glomerular filtration barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yonggang Sha
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - William Eisner
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anne F Buckley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert F Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina;
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Zou C, Liu X, Liu R, Wang M, Sui M, Mu S, Li L, Ji L, Xie R. Effect of the oral iron chelator deferiprone in diabetic nephropathy rats. J Diabetes 2017; 9:332-340. [PMID: 27121697 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the iron chelator deferiprone in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and the mechanisms involved. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats (180-220 g, 6 weeks old) were randomly divided into a control group, a DN group and two DN groups treated with either 50 or 100 mg/kg per day deferiprone. The DN group was established by feeding of a high-carbohydrate-fat diet and injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin into the vena caudalis. The duration of deferiprone treatment was 20 weeks. Histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, as well as transmission electron microscopy. Levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue-specific inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, and nitrotyrosine were determined in kidney tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Histopathological observations showed that deferiprone treatment alleviated inflammation infiltrates and collagenous fibrosis in DN rats. Results from RT-PCR and western blotting indicated that deferiprone inhibited the expression of NF-κB, MCP-1, COX-2, and nitrotyrosine, which were overexpressed in DN rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that the mechanism of deferiprone action may involve regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Decreased MMP-9 expression and increased TIMP-1 expression in DN rats were significantly promoted and inhibited by deferiprone, respectively. CONCLUSION Iron chelation by oral deferiprone has a renoprotective effect in DN rats by relieving oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which is related to the cytokines NF-κB, MCP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and nitrotyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Manshu Sui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Suhong Mu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liqi Ji
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rujuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Motojima M, Kume T, Matsusaka T. Foxc1 and Foxc2 are necessary to maintain glomerular podocytes. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:265-272. [PMID: 28223138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Foxc1 and Foxc2 (Foxc1/2) are transcription factors involved in many biological processes. In adult kidneys, expression of Foxc1/2 is confined to the glomerular epithelial cells, i.e., podocytes. To bypass embryonic lethality of Foxc1/2 null mice, mice ubiquitously expressing inducible-Cre (ROSA26-CreERT2) or mice expressing Cre in podocytes (Nephrin-Cre) were mated with floxed-Foxc1 and floxed-Foxc2 mice. The CreERT2 was activated in adult mice by administrations of tamoxifen. Eight weeks after tamoxifen treatment, ROSA26-CreERT2; Foxc1+/flox; Foxc2flox/flox mice developed microalbuminuria, while ROSA26-Cre ERT2; Foxc1flox/flox; Foxc2+/flox mice had no microalbuminuria. The kidneys of conditional-Foxc1/2 null mice showed proteinaceous casts, protein reabsorption droplets in tubules and huge vacuoles in podocytes, indicating severe podocyte injury and massive proteinuria. Comparison of gene expression profiles revealed that Foxc1/2 maintain expression of genes necessary for podocyte function such as podocin and Cxcl12. In addition, mice with an innate podocyte-specific deletion of Foxc1/2 by Nephrin-Cre develop similar podocyte injury. These results demonstrate dose-dependence of Foxc1/2 gene in maintaining the podocyte with a more critical role for Foxc2 than Foxc1 and a critical role of Foxc1/2 in regulating expression of genes that maintain podocyte integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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Oe Y, Hayashi S, Fushima T, Sato E, Kisu K, Sato H, Ito S, Takahashi N. Coagulation Factor Xa and Protease-Activated Receptor 2 as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Diabetic Nephropathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1525-33. [PMID: 27283743 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of hypercoagulability in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains elusive. We recently reported the increased infiltration of macrophages expressing tissue factor in diabetic kidney glomeruli; tissue factor activates coagulation factor X (FX) to FXa, which in turn stimulates protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and causes inflammation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that diabetes mellitus increased renal FX mRNA, urinary FXa activity, and FX expression in glomerular macrophages. Administration of an oral FXa inhibitor, edoxaban, ameliorated DN with concomitant reductions in the expression of PARs (Par1 and Par2) and of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes. Diabetes mellitus induced PAR2, and lack of Par2 ameliorated DN. FXa or PAR2 agonist increased inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells and podocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that enhanced FXa and PAR2 exacerbate DN and that both are promising targets for preventing DN. Alleviating inflammation is probably more important than inhibiting coagulation per se when treating kidney diseases using anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oe
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Sakiko Hayashi
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Tomofumi Fushima
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Emiko Sato
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Kiyomi Kisu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.)
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- From the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (Y.O., E.S., K.K., H.S., S.I., N.T.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (S.H., T.F., E.S., H.S., N.T.).
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Quadri SS, Culver SA, Li C, Siragy HM. Interaction of the renin angiotensin and cox systems in the kidney. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2016; 8:215-26. [PMID: 27100703 DOI: 10.2741/s459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in mediating actions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This review sheds light on the recent developments regarding the complex interactions between components of RAS and COX-2; and their implications on renal function and disease. COX-2 is believed to counter regulate the effects of RAS activation and therefore counter balance the vasoconstriction effect of Ang II. In kidney, under normal conditions, these systems are essential for maintaining a balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. However, recent studies suggested a pivotal role for this interplay in pathology. COX-2 increases the renin release and Ang II formation leading to increase in blood pressure. COX-2 is also associated with diabetic nephropathy, where its upregulation in the kidney contributes to glomerular injury and albuminuria. Selective inhibition of COX-2 retards the progression of renal injury. COX-2 also mediates the pathologic effects of the (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) in the kidney. In summary, this review discusses the interaction between the RAS and COX-2 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Quadri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Silas A Culver
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA,
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Lee WJ, Liu SH, Chiang CK, Lin SY, Liang KW, Chen CH, Tien HR, Chen PH, Wu JP, Tsai YC, Lai DW, Chang YC, Sheu WHH, Sheu ML. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Related Mesangial Cell Activation and Macrophage Infiltration and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:217-231. [PMID: 26415004 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Activation of glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) and functional changes of renal tubular cells are due to metabolic abnormalities, oxidative stress, and matrix accumulation in the diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation has been implicated in DN. In this study, we investigated the role of AhR in the pathophysiological processes of DN using AhR knockout (AhRKO) and pharmacological inhibitor α-naphthoflavone mouse models. RESULTS The increased blood glucose, glucose intolerance, MC activation, macrophage infiltration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation were significantly attenuated in AhRKO mice with diabetic inducer streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. AhR deficiency by genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition also decreased the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase activity, and N-ɛ-carboxymethyllysine (CML, a major advanced glycation end product) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. CML showed remarkably increased AhR/COX-2 DNA-binding activity, protein-DNA interactions, gene regulation, and ECM formation in MCs and renal proximal tubular cells, which could be reversed by siRNA-AhR transfection. CML-increased AhR nuclear translocation and biological activity in MCs and renal proximal tubular cells could also be effectively attenuated by antioxidants. INNOVATION We elucidate for the first time that AhR plays an important role in MC activation, macrophage infiltration, and ECM accumulation in DN conferred by oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS AhR-regulated COX-2/PGE2 expression and ECM deposition through oxidative stress cascade is involved in the CML-triggered MC activation and macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest new insights into the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce diabetic microvascular complications. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 217-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jane Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- 2 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- 2 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,4 Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- 6 Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- 7 Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Chiayi, Taiwan .,8 Department of Life Science, Tunghai University , Taichung, Taiwan .,9 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,10 Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ru Tien
- 11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pey Wu
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Lai
- 11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- 11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .,11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan .,12 Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- 1 Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .,11 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan .,12 Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
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Peng L, Li J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Du H, Shao J, Liu Z. The Protective Effect of Beraprost Sodium on Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Inflammation and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1690474. [PMID: 27212945 PMCID: PMC4860249 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1690474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a crucial role in regulating signaling pathways implicated in inflammatory processes leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to examine p38 MAPK activation in DN and determine whether beraprost sodium (BPS) ameliorates DN by inhibiting inflammation and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Methods. Forty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, type 2 diabetic group, and BPS treatment group. At the end of the 8-week experiment, we measured renal pathological changes and the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation. Result. After BPS treatment, renal function, 24-hour urine protein, lipid profiles, and blood glucose level were improved significantly; meanwhile, inflammation and the expression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the diabetic kidney were attenuated. Conclusions. BPS significantly prevented type 2 diabetes induced kidney injury characterized by renal dysfunction and pathological changes. The protective mechanisms are complicated but may be mainly attributed to the inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yixing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yangtian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
- *Jiaqing Shao:
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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41
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Li C, Siragy HM. (Pro)renin receptor regulates autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes exposed to high glucose. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E302-10. [PMID: 26081285 PMCID: PMC4525115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00603.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High glucose reduces autophagy and enhances apoptosis of podocytes. Previously, we reported that high glucose induced podocyte injury through upregulation of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR). We hypothesized that increasing PRR reduces autophagy and increases apoptosis of mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mouse podocytes were cultured in normal (5 mmol/l) or high (25 mmol/l) d-glucose for 48 h. High glucose significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of PRR, phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and p62. In contrast, high glucose decreased activation of UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) by phosphorylating Ser⁷⁵⁷ and protein levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-II and Lamp-2. Bafilomycin A1 increased LC3BII and p62 accumulation in high-glucose-treated cells. High glucose reduced the autophagic flux. Confocal microscopy studies showed significant reduction in the protein level of LC3B in response to high glucose. Cyto-ID autophagy staining showed a significant decrease in autophagosome formation with high glucose. In the absence of PRR, activation of Akt with sc-79 or mTOR with MHY-1485 increased p62 accumulation. Caspase-3/7 activity and apoptosis monitored by TUNEL assay were significantly increased in podocytes treated with high glucose. PRR siRNA significantly reversed the effects of high glucose. Based on these data, we conclude that high glucose decreases autophagy and increases apoptosis in mouse podocytes through the PRR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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42
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Ma J, Chen X, Li JS, Peng L, Wei SY, Zhao SL, Li T, Zhu D, He YX, Wei QJ, Li B. Upregulation of podocyte-secreted angiopoietin-like-4 in diabetic nephropathy. Endocrine 2015; 49:373-84. [PMID: 25424436 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Understanding the changes in podocyte structure and function in diabetes mellitus may lead to novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for DN. Albuminuria, histological alterations, and podocyte injury were detected at different time points in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Increased urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACR) and podocyte injury were significantly observed 4 weeks post-STZ injection. We determined the glomerular expression and distribution of angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. Glomerular Angptl4 expression was mostly colocalized with synaptopodin, a podocyte marker, with substantial additional overlap with the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This finding indicated that Angptl4 might be primarily secreted by podocytes and moved toward the GBM. Moreover, we observed by Western blot analysis and ELISA that the urinary Angptl4 level was gradually upregulated in both STZ-induced rats and diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. We further found that the increased glomerular Angptl4 expression was closely related to the urinary ACR level and podocyte injury. In addition, the urinary Angptl4 expression was closely associated with albuminuria in the rats and patients with DN. This study is the first to show that podocyte-secreted Angptl4 is upregulated in DN and can be detected in urine. Angptl4 might function as a podocyte injury marker and could be a potential and novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
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43
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Hua KF, Chou JC, Ka SM, Tasi YL, Chen A, Wu SH, Chiu HW, Wong WT, Wang YF, Tsai CL, Ho CL, Lin CH. Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β production. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:863-74. [PMID: 25294243 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a reactive oxygen species-sensitive multiprotein complex that regulates IL-1β maturation via caspase-1. It also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by inflammatory stimuli and contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases. However, there is currently little known about the relationship between COX-2 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we describe a novel role for COX-2 in regulating the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in macrophages were reduced by pharmaceutical inhibition or genetic knockdown of COX-2. COX-2 catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and increases IL-1β secretion. Conversely, pharmaceutical inhibition or genetic knockdown of prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 reduced IL-1β secretion. The underlying mechanisms for the COX-2-mediated increase in NLRP3 inflammasome activation were determined to be the following: (1) enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced proIL-1β and NLRP3 expression by increasing NF-κB activation and (2) enhancement of the caspase-1 activation by increasing damaged mitochondria, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and release of mitochondrial DNA into cytosol. Furthermore, inhibition of COX-2 in mice in vivo with celecoxib reduced serum levels of IL-1β and caspase-1 activity in the spleen and liver in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. These findings provide new insights into how COX-2 regulates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and suggest that it may be a new potential therapeutic target in NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
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Lipid mediators are critical in resolving inflammation: a review of the emerging roles of eicosanoids in diabetes mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:568408. [PMID: 25866794 PMCID: PMC4383369 DOI: 10.1155/2015/568408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis pathway of eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, relates to the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). A better understanding of how lipid mediators modulate the inflammatory process may help recognize key factors underlying the progression of diabetes complications. Our review presents recent knowledge about eicosanoid synthesis and signaling in DM-related complications, and discusses eicosanoid-related target therapeutics.
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45
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Yang T. Crosstalk between (Pro)renin receptor and COX-2 in the renal medulla during angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 21:89-94. [PMID: 25681793 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is an octapeptide hormone that plays a central role in regulation of sodium balance, plasma volume, and blood pressure. Its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension is highlighted by the wide use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as the first-line antihypertensive therapy. However, despite intensive investigation, the mechanism of AngII-induced hypertension is still incompletely understood. Although diverse pathways are likely involved, increasing evidence suggests that the activation of intrarenal RAS may represent a dominant mechanism of AngII-induced hypertension. (Pro)renin receptor (PRR), a potential regulator of intrarenal RAS, is expressed in the intercalated cells of the collecting duct (CD) and induced by AngII, in parallel with increased renin in the principal cells of the CD. Activation of PRR elevated PGE2 release and COX-2 expression in renal inner medullary cells whereas COX-2-derived PGE2via the EP4 receptor mediates the upregulation of PRR during AngII infusion, thus forming a vicious cycle. The mutually stimulatory relationship between PRR and COX-2 in the distal nephron may play an important role in mediating AngII-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Role of COX-2/mPGES-1/prostaglandin E2 cascade in kidney injury. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:147894. [PMID: 25729216 PMCID: PMC4333324 DOI: 10.1155/2015/147894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade plays critical roles in modulating many physiological and pathological actions in different organs. In the kidney, this cascade is of high importance in regulating fluid metabolism, blood pressure, and renal hemodynamics. Under some disease conditions, this cascade displays various actions in response to the different pathological insults. In the present review, the roles of this cascade in the pathogenesis of kidney injuries including diabetic and nondiabetic kidney diseases and acute kidney injuries were introduced and discussed. The new insights from this review not only increase the understanding of the pathological role of the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway in kidney injuries, but also shed new light on the innovation of the strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Lee DY, Kim HS, Won KJ, Lee KP, Jung SH, Park ES, Choi WS, Lee HM, Kim B. DJ-1 regulates the expression of renal (pro)renin receptor via reactive oxygen species-mediated epigenetic modification. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:426-34. [PMID: 25463323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DJ-1 protein plays multifunctional roles including transcriptional regulation and scavenging oxidative stress; thus, it may be associated with the development of renal disorders. We investigated whether DJ-1 protein regulates the expression of (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a newly identified member of renin-angiotensin system. METHODS The levels of mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. H2O2 production was tested by using fluorescence probe. Histone modification was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of PRR was significantly higher in the kidney from DJ-1 knockout mice (DJ-1-/-) compared with wild-type mice (DJ-1+/+). Histone deacetylase 1 recruitment at the PRR promoter was lower, and histone H3 acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment were higher in DJ-1-/- than in DJ-1+/+. Knockdown or inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 restored PRR expression in mesangial cells from DJ-1+/+. H2O2 production was greater in DJ-1-/- cells compared with DJ-1+/+ cells. These changes in PRR expression and epigenetic modification in DJ-1-/- cells were induced by H2O2 treatment and reversed completely by addition of an antioxidant reagent. Prorenin-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was greater in DJ-1-/- than in DJ-1+/+ cells and this was inhibited by a PRR-inhibitory peptide, and by AT1 and AT2 receptor inhibitors. The expression of renal fibrotic genes was higher in DJ-1-/- than in DJ-1+/+ cells and decreased in PRR-knockdown DJ-1-/- cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that DJ-1 protein regulates the expression of renal PRR through H2O2-mediated epigenetic modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We suggest that renal DJ-1 protein may be an important molecule in the acceleration of renal pathogenesis through PRR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Youb Lee
- Department of Physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyo Jung
- Department of Physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- Department of Physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Herbal Cosmetic Science, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Functional Genomics Institute, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Choongju 380-701, Republic of Korea.
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Oshima Y, Morimoto S, Ichihara A. Roles of the (pro)renin receptor in the kidney. World J Nephrol 2014; 3:302-307. [PMID: 25374826 PMCID: PMC4220365 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prorenin receptor (PRR) is a multi-functioning protein possessing at least four different roles: (1) working as a receptor for renin and prorenin producing angiotensin I from angiotensinogen thus enhancing the tissue renin-angiotensin system; (2) inducing intracellular signals when a ligand binds to PRR; (3) participating in the functions of vacuolar proton ATPase; and (4) constituting the Wnt signaling receptor complex. Here, the roles of PRR in kidney physiology and diabetic conditions as well as recent findings regarding a soluble form of PRR are discussed. We also propose the possible mechanism concerning diabetic nephropathy as “trade-off hypothesis” from a PRR point of view. In brief, under hyperglycemic conditions, injured podocytes degrade degenerated proteins and intracellular organelles which require V-ATPase and PRR for vesicle internal acidification. Sustained hyperglycemia overproduces PRR molecules, which are transported to the transmembrane and bind to increased serum prorenin in the diabetic condition. This enhances tissue renin-angiotensin system and PRR-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signals, resulting in increased injurious molecules such as transforming growth factor-β, cyclooxygenase2, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α ending in diabetic nephropathy progression. Although many findings led us to better PRR understanding, future works should elucidate which PRR functions, of the four discussed here, are dominant in each cell and kidney disease context.
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Liu S, Mei P, Shi W, Zhang B, Li S, Liang X, Ye Z, Xu L, Ma J, Li Z, Zhang L, Wang W, Wang L, Li R, Feng Z, Dong W, Tao Y. Urinary messenger RNA of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB could be used to differentiate between minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy. Biomarkers 2014; 19:597-603. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.956148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Mei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
Guangzhou, GuangdongChina
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Park CH, Kim DH, Park MH, Kim MK, Kim ND, Kim CM, Tanaka T, Yokozawa T, Chung HY, Moon HR. Chinese Prescription Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Improve Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response through the PI3K/Akt or MAPK Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:987-1005. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether Kangen-karyu and its crude drug, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, have a reno-protective effect on the age-related oxidative stress and inflammatory response through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in aged rats. Kangen-karyu or Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (20 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally to old groups of rats for 16 days, and their effects were compared with the vehicle-treated old and young rats. The administration of Kangen-karyu caused a slight decrease in the serum glucose level and a significant decrease in the serum insulin level in the old rats. The increased levels of serum renal functional parameter (urea-nitrogen) and oxidative parameter were significantly reduced by both Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix. The old rats exhibited a dysregulation of the protein expression related to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the kidneys, but Kangen-karyu administration significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory proteins through the PI3K/Akt pathway. On the other hand, the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix-treated old rats showed a decrease in the inflammatory cytokines through the MAPK pathway. These results provide important evidence that Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix have a pleiotropic effect on the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, showing renoprotective effects against the development of inflammation in old rats. This study provides scientific evidence that Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix improve the inflammatory responses via the PI3K/Akt or MAPK pathways in the kidney of old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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