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Russo E, Zanetti V, Macciò L, Benizzelli G, Carbone F, La Porta E, Esposito P, Verzola D, Garibotto G, Viazzi F. SGLT2 inhibition to target kidney aging. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae133. [PMID: 38803397 PMCID: PMC11129592 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-aging therapy is the latest frontier in the world of medical science, especially for widespread diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both renal aging and CKD are characterized by increased cellular senescence, inflammation and oxidative stress. A variety of cellular signalling mechanisms are involved in these processes, which provide new potential targets for therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting the onset and progression of CKD. At the same time, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) continuously demonstrate large beneficial effects at all stages of the cardiorenal metabolic continuum. The broad-spectrum benefits of SGLT2is have led to changes in several treatment guidelines and to growing scientific interest in the underlying working principles. Multiple mechanisms have been studied to explain these great renal benefits, but many things remain to be solved. With this in mind, we provide an overview of the experimental evidence for the effects of SGLT2is on the molecular pathway's ability to modulate senescence, aging and parenchymal damage, especially at the kidney level. We propose to shed some light on the role of SGLT2is in kidney care by focusing on their potential to reduce the progression of kidney disease across the spectrum of aging and dysregulation of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Macciò
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo La Porta
- UO Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- UOSD Dialysis IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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2
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Ma S, Qiu Y, Zhang C. Cytoskeleton Rearrangement in Podocytopathies: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:647. [PMID: 38203817 PMCID: PMC10779434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury can disrupt the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), leading to podocytopathies that emphasize podocytes as the glomerulus's key organizer. The coordinated cytoskeleton is essential for supporting the elegant structure and complete functions of podocytes. Therefore, cytoskeleton rearrangement is closely related to the pathogenesis of podocytopathies. In podocytopathies, the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton refers to significant alterations in a string of slit diaphragm (SD) and focal adhesion proteins such as the signaling node nephrin, calcium influx via transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), and regulation of the Rho family, eventually leading to the disorganization of the original cytoskeletal architecture. Thus, it is imperative to focus on these proteins and signaling pathways to probe the cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytopathies. In this review, we describe podocytopathies and the podocyte cytoskeleton, then discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytopathies and summarize the effects of currently existing drugs on regulating the podocyte cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.M.); (Y.Q.)
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3
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Qiu Y, Lei C, Zeng J, Xie Y, Cao Y, Yuan Q, Su H, Zhang Z, Zhang C. Asparagine endopeptidase protects podocytes in adriamycin-induced nephropathy by regulating actin dynamics through cleaving transgelin. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3337-3354. [PMID: 37689970 PMCID: PMC10638058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerular disorder causing end-stage renal diseases worldwide. Central to the pathogenesis of FSGS is podocyte dysfunction, which is induced by diverse insults. However, the mechanism governing podocyte injury and repair remains largely unexplored. Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), a lysosomal protease, regulates substrates by residue-specific cleavage or degradation. We identified the increased AEP expression in the primary proteinuria model which was induced by adriamycin (ADR) to mimic human FSGS. In vivo, global AEP knockout mice manifested increased injury-susceptibility of podocytes in ADR-induced nephropathy (ADRN). Podocyte-specific AEP knockout mice exhibited much more severe glomerular lesions and podocyte injury after ADR injection. In contrast, podocyte-specific augmentation of AEP in mice protected against ADRN. In vitro, knockdown and overexpression of AEP in human podocytes revealed the cytoprotection of AEP as a cytoskeleton regulator. Furthermore, transgelin, an actin-binding protein regulating actin dynamics, was cleaved by AEP, and, as a result, removed its actin-binding regulatory domain. The truncated transgelin regulated podocyte actin dynamics and repressed podocyte hypermotility, compared to the native full-length transgelin. Together, our data reveal a link between lysosomal protease AEP and podocyte cytoskeletal homeostasis, which suggests a potential therapeutic role for AEP in proteinuria disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jieyu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yaru Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
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Rachubik P, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Typiak M, Wysocka M, Szrejder M, Lesner A, Piwkowska A. Role of lysosomes in insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured rat podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:145-159. [PMID: 37696068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are sensitive to insulin, which governs the functional and structural integrity of podocytes that are essential for proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Lysosomes are acidic organelles that are implicated in regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Cathepsin D (CTPD) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) are major lysosomal proteins that reflect the functional state of lysosomes. However, the effect of insulin on lysosome activity and role of lysosomes in the regulation of insulin-dependent glucose uptake in podocytes are unknown. Our studies showed that the short-term incubation of podocytes with insulin decreased LAMP1 and CTPD mRNA levels. Insulin and bafilomycin A1 reduced both the amounts of LAMP1 and CTPD proteins and activity of CTPD, which were associated with a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of lysosomes that were labeled with LysoTracker. Bafilomycin A1 inhibited insulin-dependent endocytosis of the insulin receptor and increased the amounts of the insulin receptor and glucose transporter 4 on the cell surface of podocytes. Bafilomycin A1 also inhibited insulin-dependent glucose uptake despite an increase in the amount of glucose transporter 4 in the plasma membrane of podocytes. These results suggest that lysosomes are signaling hubs that may be involved in the coupling of insulin signaling with the regulation of glucose uptake in podocytes. The dysregulation of this mechanism can lead to the dysfunction of podocytes and development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Maria Szrejder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland.
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Han S, Choi H, Park H, Kim JJ, Lee EJ, Ham YR, Na KR, Lee KW, Chang YK, Choi DE. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate Renal Fibrosis via AMPK-Mediated Autophagy Flux Activation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2553. [PMID: 37760994 PMCID: PMC10525956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) injury model is well-known to mimic human chronic kidney disease, promoting the rapid onset and development of kidney injury. ω3-poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been observed to protect against tissue injury in many disease models. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of ω3-PUFAs in attenuating UUO injury and investigated their mechanism of action. The immortalized human proximal tubular cells human kidney-2 (HK2) were incubated for 72 h with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in various concentrations, in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. DHA/EPA reduced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the TGF-β-treated HK2 cells by enhancing autophagy flux and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and treated as follows: sham (no treatment, n = 5), sham + ω3-PUFAs (n = 5), UUO (n = 10), and UUO + ω3-PUFAs (n = 10). Their kidneys and blood were harvested on the seventh day following UUO injury. The kidneys of the ω3-PUFAs-treated UUO mice showed less oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis compared to those of the untreated UUO mice. Greater autophagic flux, higher amounts of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin-1, and Atg7, lower amounts of p62, and higher levels of cathepsin D and ATP6E were observed in the kidneys of the omega-3-treated UUO mice compared to those of the control UUO mice. In conclusion, ω3-PUFAs enhanced autophagic activation, leading to a renoprotective response against chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Han
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon Saint Mary’s Hospital, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyerim Park
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (J.-J.K.)
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (J.-J.K.)
| | - Eu-Jin Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Young-Rok Ham
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Ki-Rayng Na
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Kang-Wook Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yoon-Kyung Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Daejeon Saint Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Choi
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (J.-J.K.)
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6
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Barutta F, Bellini S, Kimura S, Hase K, Corbetta B, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Bruno S, Biancone L, Barreca A, Papotti M, Hirsh E, Martini M, Gambino R, Durazzo M, Ohno H, Gruden G. Protective effect of the tunneling nanotube-TNFAIP2/M-sec system on podocyte autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy 2023; 19:505-524. [PMID: 35659195 PMCID: PMC9851239 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2080382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury leading to albuminuria is a characteristic feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are major determinants of DN. However, the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury remain poorly understood. The cytosolic protein TNFAIP2/M-Sec is required for tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) formation, which are membrane channels that transiently connect cells, allowing organelle transfer. Podocytes express TNFAIP2 and form TNTs, but the potential relevance of the TNFAIP2-TNT system in DN is unknown. We studied TNFAIP2 expression in both human and experimental DN and the renal effect of tnfaip2 deletion in streptozotocin-induced DN. Moreover, we explored the role of the TNFAIP2-TNT system in podocytes exposed to diabetes-related insults. TNFAIP2 was overexpressed by podocytes in both human and experimental DN and exposre of podocytes to high glucose and AGEs induced the TNFAIP2-TNT system. In diabetic mice, tnfaip2 deletion exacerbated albuminuria, renal function loss, podocyte injury, and mesangial expansion. Moreover, blockade of the autophagic flux due to lysosomal dysfunction was observed in diabetes-injured podocytes both in vitro and in vivo and exacerbated by tnfaip2 deletion. TNTs allowed autophagosome and lysosome exchange between podocytes, thereby ameliorating AGE-induced lysosomal dysfunction and apoptosis. This protective effect was abolished by tnfaip2 deletion, TNT inhibition, and donor cell lysosome damage. By contrast, Tnfaip2 overexpression enhanced TNT-mediated transfer and prevented AGE-induced autophagy and lysosome dysfunction and apoptosis. In conclusion, TNFAIP2 plays an important protective role in podocytes in the context of DN by allowing TNT-mediated autophagosome and lysosome exchange and may represent a novel druggable target.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AO: acridine orange; ALs: autolysosomes; APs: autophagosomes; BM: bone marrow; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTSD: cathepsin D; DIC: differential interference contrast; DN: diabetic nephropathy; FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HG: high glucose; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; STZ: streptozotocin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TNFAIP2: tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2; TNTs: tunneling nanotubes; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,CONTACT F. Barutta Department of Medical Sciences, Corso Dogliotti 1410126, Turin, Italy
| | - S. Bellini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S. Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B. Corbetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A. Corbelli
- Unit of Bioimaging, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Fiordaliso
- Unit of Bioimaging, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L. Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A. Barreca
- Division of Pathology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M.G. Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E. Hirsh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R. Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H. Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - G. Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Li G, Huang D, Zou Y, Kidd J, Gehr TWB, Li N, Ritter JK, Li PL. Impaired autophagic flux and dedifferentiation in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene: Role of lysosomal TRPML1 channel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119386. [PMID: 36302466 PMCID: PMC9869931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Podocytopathy and associated nephrotic syndrome have been reported in a mouse strain (Asah1fl/fl/Podocre) with a podocyte-specific deletion of α subunit (the main catalytic subunit) of acid ceramidase (Ac). However, the pathogenesis of podocytopathy in these mice remains unclear. The present study tested whether Ac deficiency impairs autophagic flux in podocytes through blockade of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel as a potential pathogenic mechanism of podocytopathy in Asah1fl/fl/Podocre mice. We first demonstrated that impairment of autophagic flux occurred in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene, which was evidenced by autophagosome accumulation and reduced lysosome-autophagosome interaction. TRPML1 channel agonists recovered lysosome-autophagosome interaction and attenuated autophagosome accumulation in podocytes from Asah1fl/fl/Podocre mice, while TRPML1 channel inhibitors impaired autophagic flux in WT/WT podocytes and worsened autophagic deficiency in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene. The effects of TRPML1 channel agonist were blocked by dynein inhibitors, indicating a critical role of dynein activity in the control of lysosome movement due to TRPML1 channel-mediated Ca2+ release. It was also found that there is an enhanced phenotypic transition to dedifferentiation status in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene in vitro and in vivo. Such podocyte phenotypic transition was inhibited by TRPML1 channel agonists but enhanced by TRPML1 channel inhibitors. Moreover, we found that TRPML1 gene silencing induced autophagosome accumulation and dedifferentiation in podocytes. Based on these results, we conclude that Ac activity is essential for autophagic flux and maintenance of differentiated status of podocytes. Dysfunction or deficiency of Ac may impair autophagic flux and induce podocyte dedifferentiation, which may be an important pathogenic mechanism of podocytopathy and associated nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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8
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Limonte CP, Valo E, Drel V, Natarajan L, Darshi M, Forsblom C, Henderson CM, Hoofnagle AN, Ju W, Kretzler M, Montemayor D, Nair V, Nelson RG, O’Toole JF, Toto RD, Rosas SE, Ruzinski J, Sandholm N, Schmidt IM, Vaisar T, Waikar SS, Zhang J, Rossing P, Ahluwalia TS, Groop PH, Pennathur S, Snell-Bergeon JK, Costacou T, Orchard TJ, Sharma K, de Boer IH. Urinary Proteomics Identifies Cathepsin D as a Biomarker of Rapid eGFR Decline in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1416-1427. [PMID: 35377940 PMCID: PMC9210873 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding mechanisms underlying rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline is important to predict and treat kidney disease in type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a case-control study nested within four T1D cohorts to identify urinary proteins associated with rapid eGFR decline. Case and control subjects were categorized based on eGFR decline ≥3 and <1 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively. We used targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure 38 peptides from 20 proteins implicated in diabetic kidney disease. Significant proteins were investigated in complementary human cohorts and in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures. RESULTS The cohort study included 1,270 participants followed a median 8 years. In the discovery set, only cathepsin D peptide and protein were significant on full adjustment for clinical and laboratory variables. In the validation set, associations of cathepsin D with eGFR decline were replicated in minimally adjusted models but lost significance with adjustment for albuminuria. In a meta-analysis with combination of discovery and validation sets, the odds ratio for the association of cathepsin D with rapid eGFR decline was 1.29 per SD (95% CI 1.07-1.55). In complementary human cohorts, urine cathepsin D was associated with tubulointerstitial injury and tubulointerstitial cathepsin D expression was associated with increased cortical interstitial fractional volume. In mouse proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures, advanced glycation end product-BSA increased cathepsin D activity and inflammatory and tubular injury markers, which were further increased with cathepsin D siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Urine cathepsin D is associated with rapid eGFR decline in T1D and reflects kidney tubulointerstitial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P. Limonte
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erkka Valo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viktor Drel
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Manjula Darshi
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clark M. Henderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel Montemayor
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert G. Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
| | - John F. O’Toole
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert D. Toto
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - John Ruzinski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Insa M. Schmidt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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9
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Abramicheva PA, Plotnikov EY. Hormonal Regulation of Renal Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050737. [PMID: 35629404 PMCID: PMC9143586 DOI: 10.3390/life12050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a severe complication of many acute and chronic kidney pathologies. According to current concepts, an imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix by fibroblasts is considered the key cause of the induction and progression of fibrosis. Nevertheless, inflammation associated with the damage of tissue cells is among the factors promoting this pathological process. Most of the mechanisms accompanying fibrosis development are controlled by various hormones, which makes humoral regulation an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this vein, it is particularly interesting that the kidney is the source of many hormones, while other hormones regulate renal functions. The normal kidney physiology and pathogenesis of many kidney diseases are sex-dependent and thus modulated by sex hormones. Therefore, when choosing therapy, it is necessary to focus on the sex-associated characteristics of kidney functioning. In this review, we considered renal fibrosis from the point of view of vasoactive and reproductive hormone imbalance. The hormonal therapy possibilities for the treatment or prevention of kidney fibrosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A. Abramicheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Novel Markers in Diabetic Kidney Disease—Current State and Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051205. [PMID: 35626360 PMCID: PMC9140176 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Along with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, DKD is expected to affect a higher number of patients. Despite the major progress in the therapy of DKD and diabetes mellitus (DM), the classic clinical diagnostic tools in DKD remain insufficient, delaying proper diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. We put forward a thesis that there is a need for novel markers that will be early, specific, and non-invasively obtained. The ongoing investigations uncover new molecules that may potentially become new markers of DKD—among those are: soluble α-Klotho and proteases (ADAM10, ADAM17, cathepsin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, caspase, thrombin, and circulating microRNAs). This review summarizes the current clinical state-of-the-art in the diagnosis of DKD and a selection of potential novel markers, based on up-to-date literature.
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11
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Jansen J, van den Berge BT, van den Broek M, Maas RJ, Daviran D, Willemsen B, Roverts R, van der Kruit M, Kuppe C, Reimer KC, Di Giovanni G, Mooren F, Nlandu Q, Mudde H, Wetzels R, den Braanker D, Parr N, Nagai JS, Drenic V, Costa IG, Steenbergen E, Nijenhuis T, Dijkman H, Endlich N, van de Kar NCAJ, Schneider RK, Wetzels JFM, Akiva A, van der Vlag J, Kramann R, Schreuder MF, Smeets B. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids for personalized congenital and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome modeling. Development 2022; 149:275031. [PMID: 35417019 PMCID: PMC9148570 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by severe proteinuria as a consequence of kidney glomerular injury due to podocyte damage. In vitro models mimicking in vivo podocyte characteristics are a prerequisite to resolve NS pathogenesis. The detailed characterization of organoid podocytes resulting from a hybrid culture protocol showed a podocyte population that resembles adult podocytes and was superior compared with 2D counterparts, based on single-cell RNA sequencing, super-resolution imaging and electron microscopy. In this study, these next-generation podocytes in kidney organoids enabled personalized idiopathic nephrotic syndrome modeling, as shown by activated slit diaphragm signaling and podocyte injury following protamine sulfate, puromycin aminonucleoside treatment and exposure to NS plasma containing pathogenic permeability factors. Organoids cultured from cells of a patient with heterozygous NPHS2 mutations showed poor NPHS2 expression and aberrant NPHS1 localization, which was reversible after genetic correction. Repaired organoids displayed increased VEGFA pathway activity and transcription factor activity known to be essential for podocyte physiology, as shown by RNA sequencing. This study shows that organoids are the preferred model of choice to study idiopathic and congenital podocytopathies. Summary: Kidney organoid podocytes generated from human pluripotent stem cells using a hybrid differentiation protocol allow podocyte pathophysiology modeling that leads to congenital as well as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bartholomeus T van den Berge
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Maas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Deniz Daviran
- Department of Biochemistry, Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rona Roverts
- Department of Biochemistry, Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit van der Kruit
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Katharina C Reimer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Gianluca Di Giovanni
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke Mooren
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quincy Nlandu
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helmer Mudde
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Wetzels
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk den Braanker
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Parr
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James S Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Achen 52062, Germany.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | | | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Achen 52062, Germany.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Eric Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Endlich
- NIPOKA, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole C A J van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.,Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack F M Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anat Akiva
- Department of Biochemistry, Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Chou PR, Wu PY, Wu PH, Huang TH, Huang JC, Chen SC, Lee SC, Kuo MC, Chiu YW, Hsu YL, Chang JM, Hwang SJ. Investigation of the Relationship between Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Hemodialysis Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040636. [PMID: 35455752 PMCID: PMC9025475 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachial−ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers are correlated with clinical cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with kidney disease. However, limited studies evaluated the relationship between baPWV and CV biomarkers in hemodialysis patients. This study investigated the relationship between circulating CV biomarkers and baPWV in patients on hemodialysis. Hemodialysis patients were enrolled between August 2016 and January 2017 for the measurement of baPWV, traditional CV biomarkers, including high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and novel CV biomarkers, including Galectin-3, Cathepsin D, placental growth factor, Endocan-1, and Fetuin-A. The independent association was assessed by multivariate-adjusted linear regression analysis to control for potential confounders. The final analysis included 176 patients (95 men and 81 women) with a mean age of 60 ± 11 y old. After adjusting for age and sex, hsTnT (p < 0.01), NT-proBNP (p = 0.01), Galectin-3 (p = 0.03), and Cathepsin D (p < 0.01) were significantly directly correlated with baPWV. The direct correlation with baPWV existed in multivariable linear regression models with a β of 0.1 for hsTnT and 0.1 for Cathepsin D. The direct relationship between baPWV and CV biomarkers, particularly with hsTnT and Cathepsin D, may be helpful for risk stratification of hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ruey Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (S.-C.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7351)
| | - Teng-Hui Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (S.-C.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (S.-C.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chu Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-C.L.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.); (S.-J.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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13
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Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 PMCID: PMC9008595 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
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14
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Sidt2 is a key protein in the autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway and is essential for the maintenance of kidney structure and filtration function. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:7. [PMID: 34923568 PMCID: PMC8684554 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The regulation and homeostasis of autophagy are essential for maintaining organ morphology and function. As a lysosomal membrane protein, the effect of Sidt2 on kidney structure and renal autophagy is still unknown. In this study, we found that the kidneys of Sidt2-/- mice showed changes in basement membrane thickening, foot process fusion, and mitochondrial swelling, suggesting that the structure of the kidney was damaged. Increased urine protein at 24 h indicated that the kidney function was also damaged. At the same time, the absence of Sidt2 caused a decrease in the number of acidic lysosomes, a decrease in acid hydrolase activity and expression in the lysosome, and an increase of pH in the lysosome, suggesting that lysosomal function was impaired after Sidt2 deletion. The accumulation of autophagolysosomes, increased LC3-II and P62 protein levels, and decreased P62 mRNA levels indicated that the absence of the Sidt2 gene caused abnormal autophagy pathway flow. Chloroquine experiment, immunofluorescence autophagosome, and lysosome fusion assay, and Ad-mcherry-GFP-LC3B further indicated that, after Sidt2 deletion, the production of autophagosomes did not increase, but the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes and the degradation of autophagolysosomes were impaired. When incubating Sidt2-/- cells with the autophagy activator rapamycin, we found that it could activate autophagy, which manifested as an increase in autophagosomes, but it could not improve autophagolysosome degradation. Meanwhile, it further illustrated that the Sidt2 gene plays an important role in the smooth progress of autophagolysosome processes. In summary, the absence of the Sidt2 gene caused impaired lysosome function and a decreased number of acidic lysosomes, leading to formation and degradation disorders of the autophagolysosomes, which eventually manifested as abnormal kidney structure and function. Sidt2 is essential in maintaining the normal function of the lysosomes and the physiological stability of the kidneys.
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15
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Klionsky DJ, Petroni G, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo‐San Pedro JM, Cadwell K, Cecconi F, Choi AMK, Choi ME, Chu CT, Codogno P, Colombo M, Cuervo AM, Deretic V, Dikic I, Elazar Z, Eskelinen E, Fimia GM, Gewirtz DA, Green DR, Hansen M, Jäättelä M, Johansen T, Juhász G, Karantza V, Kraft C, Kroemer G, Ktistakis NT, Kumar S, Lopez‐Otin C, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Martinez J, Meléndez A, Mizushima N, Münz C, Penninger JM, Perera R, Piacentini M, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan K, Sadoshima J, Santambrogio L, Scorrano L, Simon H, Simon AK, Simonsen A, Stolz A, Tavernarakis N, Tooze SA, Yoshimori T, Yuan J, Yue Z, Zhong Q, Galluzzi L, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108863. [PMID: 34459017 PMCID: PMC8488577 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses promote or aggravate disease in a plethora of experimental models. Consistently, mutations in autophagy-related processes cause severe human pathologies. Here, we review and discuss preclinical data linking autophagy dysfunction to the pathogenesis of major human disorders including cancer as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, pulmonary, renal, infectious, musculoskeletal, and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Abramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological ResearchSpanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - José Manuel Bravo‐San Pedro
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment Section of PhysiologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Pediatric Onco‐Hematology and Cell and Gene TherapyIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’RomeItaly
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mary E Choi
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker‐Enfants MaladesINSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253ParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Maria Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia‐Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoCONICET‐ Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIMCenter of Biomedical Research ExcellenceUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of EpidemiologyPreclinical Research, and Advanced DiagnosticsNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘L. Spallanzani’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of ImmunologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteProgram of DevelopmentAging, and RegenerationLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and MetabolismCenter for Autophagy, Recycling & DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terje Johansen
- Department of Medical BiologyMolecular Cancer Research GroupUniversity of Tromsø—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CenterSzegedHungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyZBMZFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS ‐ Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersEquipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité de ParisSorbonne UniversitéInserm U1138Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsInstitut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Pôle de BiologieHôpital Européen Georges PompidouAP‐HPParisFrance
- Suzhou Institute for Systems MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSuzhouChina
- Karolinska InstituteDepartment of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Carlos Lopez‐Otin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFacultad de MedicinaInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe Gordon Center for Integrative SciencesW‐338The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNIHResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Alicia Meléndez
- Biology Department, Queens CollegeCity University of New YorkFlushingNYUSA
- The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Programs of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Medical GeneticsLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Cytology Russian Academy of ScienceSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & SystemsMolecular Cell Biology SectionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineCardiovascular Research InstituteRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Istituto Veneto di Medicina MolecolarePadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologySechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | | | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital MontebelloOsloNorway
| | - Alexandra Stolz
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of AutophagyThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of GeneticsGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science DivisionInstitute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of NeurologyFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU‐SM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of DermatologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Université de ParisParisFrance
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16
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Li G, Kidd J, Gehr TWB, Li PL. Podocyte Sphingolipid Signaling in Nephrotic Syndrome. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:13-34. [PMID: 33861526 PMCID: PMC8193717 DOI: 10.33594/000000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes play a vital role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), which is clinically characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral edema. The pathogenesis of NS has evolved through several hypotheses ranging from immune dysregulation theory and increased glomerular permeability theory to the current concept of podocytopathy. Podocytopathy is characterized by dysfunction or depletion of podocytes, which may be caused by unknown permeability factor, genetic disorders, drugs, infections, systemic disorders, and hyperfiltration. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have been done to explore the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injuries or NS and to develop the novel therapeutic strategies targeting podocytopathy for treatment of NS. Recent studies have shown that normal sphingolipid metabolism is essential for structural and functional integrity of podocytes. As a basic component of the plasma membrane, sphingolipids not only support the assembly of signaling molecules and interaction of receptors and effectors, but also mediate various cellular activities, such as apoptosis, proliferation, stress responses, necrosis, inflammation, autophagy, senescence, and differentiation. This review briefly summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in podocytes and the canonical or noncanonical roles of podocyte sphingolipid signaling in the pathogenesis of NS and associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
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17
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Abstract
Kidney pathophysiology is influenced by gender. Evidence suggests that kidney damage is more severe in males than in females and that sexual hormones contribute to this. Elevated prolactin concentration is common in renal impairment patients and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. However, PRL is involved in the osmoregulatory process and promotes endothelial proliferation, dilatation, and permeability in blood vessels. Several proteinases cleavage its structure, forming vasoinhibins. These fragments have antagonistic PRL effects on endothelium and might be associated with renal endothelial dysfunction, but its role in the kidneys has not been enough investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the influence of sexual dimorphism and gonadal hormones on kidney damage, emphasizing the role of the hormone prolactin and its cleavage products, the vasoinhibins.
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18
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Chen XC, Li ZH, Yang C, Tang JX, Lan HY, Liu HF. Lysosome Depletion-Triggered Autophagy Impairment in Progressive Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:254-267. [PMID: 34395541 DOI: 10.1159/000515035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular recycling process involving the destruction of damaged organelles and proteins in intracellular lysosomes for efficient nutrient reuse. Summary Impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway is tightly associated with multiple kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, proteinuric kidney disease, acute kidney injury, crystalline nephropathy, and drug- and heavy metal-induced renal injury. The impairment in the process of autophagic clearance may induce injury in renal intrinsic cells by activating the inflammasome, inducing cell cycle arrest, and cell death. The lysosome depletion may be a key mechanism triggering this process. In this review, we discuss this pathway and summarize the protective mechanisms for restoration of lysosome function and autophagic flux via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, lysophagy, and transcription factor EB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. Key Message Further exploring mechanisms of ESCRT, lysophagy, and lysosome biogenesis may provide novel therapy strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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den Braanker DJW, Maas RJ, Deegens JK, Yanginlar C, Wetzels JFM, van der Vlag J, Nijenhuis T. Novel in vitro assays to detect circulating permeability factor(s) in idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:247-256. [PMID: 33155059 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) develop recurrence of proteinuria after kidney transplantation (TX). Although several circulating permeability factors (CPFs) responsible for recurrence have been suggested, there is no consensus. To facilitate CPF identification and predict recurrence after TX, there is a need for robust methods that demonstrate the presence of CPFs. METHODS Cultured human podocytes (hPods) and human and mouse glomerular endothelial cells (ciGEnC, mGEnC) were exposed to plasmas of FSGS patients with presumed CPFs, and of (disease) controls. A visual scoring assay and flow cytometry analysis of side scatter were used to measured changes in cellular granularity after exposure to plasma. RESULTS Nine out of 13 active disease plasmas of 10 FSGS patients with presumed CPFs induced granularity in hPod in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Corresponding remission plasmas induced no or less granularity in hPod. Similar results were obtained with ciGEnC and mGEnC, although induced granularity was less compared with hPod. Notably, foetal calf serum, healthy plasma and a remission plasma partially blocked FSGS plasma-induced hPod granularity. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel assay in which active disease, presumably CPF-containing, FSGS plasmas induced granularity in cultured hPod. Our results may indicate the presence of CPF inhibitor(s) in healthy and remission plasma. We suggest the presence of a delicate balance between CPF and a CPF inhibitory factor, which is disturbed in patients with active disease. Our novel assays can be applied in future research to identify CPF and CPF inhibitors, and possibly to predict recurrence after TX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J W den Braanker
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Maas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen K Deegens
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yanginlar
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack F M Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Makino SI, Shirata N, Oliva Trejo JA, Yamamoto-Nonaka K, Yamada H, Miyake T, Mori K, Nakagawa T, Tashiro Y, Yamashita H, Yanagita M, Takahashi R, Asanuma K. Impairment of Proteasome Function in Podocytes Leads to CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:597-613. [PMID: 33510039 PMCID: PMC7920174 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (APLS) are major intracellular degradation procedures. The importance of the APLS in podocytes is established, but the role of the UPS is not well understood. METHODS To investigate the role of the UPS in podocytes, mice were generated that had deletion of Rpt3 (Rpt3pdKO), which encodes an essential regulatory subunit required for construction of the 26S proteasome and its deubiquitinating function. RESULTS Rpt3pdKO mice showed albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, leading to CKD. Impairment of proteasome function caused accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and of oxidative modified proteins, and it induced podocyte apoptosis. Although impairment of proteasome function normally induces autophagic activity, the number of autophagosomes was lower in podocytes of Rpt3pdKO mice than in control mice, suggesting the autophagic activity was suppressed in podocytes with impairment of proteasome function. In an in vitro study, antioxidant apocynin and autophagy activator rapamycin suppressed podocyte apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. Moreover, rapamycin ameliorated the glomerular injury in the Rpt3pdKO mice. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and of oxidative modified proteins, which were detected in the podocytes of Rpt3pdKO mice, is a characteristic feature of aging. An aging marker was increased in the podocytes of Rpt3pdKO mice, suggesting that impairment of proteasome function promoted signs of aging in podocytes. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of proteasome function in podocytes led to CKD, and antioxidants and autophagy activators can be therapeutic agents for age-dependent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Makino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Shirata
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Yamamoto-Nonaka
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tashiro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Müller-Deile J, Sarau G, Kotb AM, Jaremenko C, Rolle-Kampczyk UE, Daniel C, Kalkhof S, Christiansen SH, Schiffer M. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques reveal changed metabolic profiles in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4577. [PMID: 33633212 PMCID: PMC7907124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic forms of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are caused by circulating permeability factors, which can lead to early recurrence of FSGS and kidney failure after kidney transplantation. In the past three decades, many research endeavors were undertaken to identify these unknown factors. Even though some potential candidates have been recently discussed in the literature, "the" actual factor remains elusive. Therefore, there is an increased demand in FSGS research for the use of novel technologies that allow us to study FSGS from a yet unexplored angle. Here, we report the successful treatment of recurrent FSGS in a patient after living-related kidney transplantation by removal of circulating factors with CytoSorb apheresis. Interestingly, the classical published circulating factors were all in normal range in this patient but early disease recurrence in the transplant kidney and immediate response to CytoSorb apheresis were still suggestive for pathogenic circulating factors. To proof the functional effects of the patient's serum on podocytes and the glomerular filtration barrier we used a podocyte cell culture model and a proteinuria model in zebrafish to detect pathogenic effects on the podocytes actin cytoskeleton inducing a functional phenotype and podocyte effacement. We then performed Raman spectroscopy in the < 50 kDa serum fraction, on cultured podocytes treated with the FSGS serum and in kidney biopsies of the same patient at the time of transplantation and at the time of disease recurrence. The analysis revealed changes in podocyte metabolome induced by the FSGS serum as well as in focal glomerular and parietal epithelial cell regions in the FSGS biopsy. Several altered Raman spectra were identified in the fractionated serum and metabolome analysis by mass spectrometry detected lipid profiles in the FSGS serum, which were supported by disturbances in the Raman spectra. Our novel innovative analysis reveals changed lipid metabolome profiles associated with idiopathic FSGS that might reflect a new subtype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Müller-Deile
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - George Sarau
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany.,Leuchs Emeritus Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy eV INAM, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyût, Egypt
| | - Christian Jaremenko
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy eV INAM, Forchheim, Germany.,Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike E Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, Coburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke H Christiansen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany.,Leuchs Emeritus Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy eV INAM, Forchheim, Germany.,Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Kose O, Kurt Bayrakdar S, Unver B, Altin A, Akyildiz K, Mercantepe T, Bostan SA, Arabaci T, Turker Sener L, Emre Kose T, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A, Kuluslu G. Melatonin improves periodontitis-induced kidney damage by decreasing inflammatory stress and apoptosis in rats. J Periodontol 2020; 92:22-34. [PMID: 33251634 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two main aims of this animal study were to inspect the possible effects of periodontitis on the structure and functions of the kidneys and the therapeutic effectiveness of melatonin. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and Ep-melatonin (Ep-Mel). Periodontitis was induced by placing 3.0-silk sutures sub-paramarginally around the cervix of right-left mandibular first molars and maintaining the sutures for 5 weeks. Then melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/day, 14 days), and the vehicle was administered intraperitonally. Mandibular and kidney tissue samples were obtained following the euthanasia. Periodontal bone loss was measured via histological and microcomputed tomographic slices. On right kidney histopathological and immunohistochemical, and on the left kidney biochemical (malonyl-aldehyde [MDA], glutathione, oxidative stress [OSI], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-8, MMP-9, and cathepsin D levels) evaluations were performed. Renal functional status was analyzed by levels of serum creatinine, urea, cystatin-C, and urea creatinine. RESULTS Melatonin significantly restricted ligature-induced periodontal bone loss (P <0 .01) and suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), oxidative stress (MDA and OSI), and proteases (MMP-8, MMP-9, and CtD) that was significantly higher in the kidneys of the rats with periodontitis (P <0.05). In addition, periodontitis-related histological damages and apoptotic activity were also significantly lower in the Ep-Mel group (P <0.05). However, the markers of renal function of the Ep group were detected slightly impaired in comparison with the control group (P >0.05); and the therapeutic activity of melatonin was limited (P >0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin restricts the periodontitis-induced inflammatory stress, apoptosis, and structural but not functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Kose
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Büsra Unver
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, School of Healh Care Services Vocational, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Semih Alperen Bostan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Taner Arabaci
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Leyla Turker Sener
- Department of Biophysics School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Emre Kose
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Göker Kuluslu
- 3D Medical and Industrial Design Laboratory, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Rinschen MM, Saez-Rodriguez J. The tissue proteome in the multi-omic landscape of kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:205-219. [PMID: 33028957 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney research is entering an era of 'big data' and molecular omics data can provide comprehensive insights into the molecular footprints of cells. In contrast to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics generate data that relate more directly to the pathological symptoms and clinical parameters observed in patients. Owing to its complexity, the proteome still holds many secrets, but has great potential for the identification of drug targets. Proteomics can provide information about protein synthesis, modification and degradation, as well as insight into the physical interactions between proteins, and between proteins and other biomolecules. Thus far, proteomics in nephrology has largely focused on the discovery and validation of biomarkers, but the systematic analysis of the nephroproteome can offer substantial additional insights, including the discovery of mechanisms that trigger and propagate kidney disease. Moreover, proteome acquisition might provide a diagnostic tool that complements the assessment of a kidney biopsy sample by a pathologist. Such applications are becoming increasingly feasible with the development of high-throughput and high-coverage technologies, such as versatile mass spectrometry-based techniques and protein arrays, and encourage further proteomics research in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Tang C, Livingston MJ, Liu Z, Dong Z. Autophagy in kidney homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:489-508. [PMID: 32704047 PMCID: PMC7868042 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic components. Basal autophagy in kidney cells is essential for the maintenance of kidney homeostasis, structure and function. Under stress conditions, autophagy is altered as part of the adaptive response of kidney cells, in a process that is tightly regulated by signalling pathways that can modulate the cellular autophagic flux - mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuins are key regulators of autophagy. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury, to incomplete kidney repair after acute kidney injury and to chronic kidney disease of varied aetiologies, including diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and polycystic kidney disease. Autophagy also has a role in kidney ageing. However, questions remain about whether autophagy has a protective or a pathological role in kidney fibrosis, and about the precise mechanisms and signalling pathways underlying the autophagy response in different types of kidney cells and across the spectrum of kidney diseases. Further research is needed to gain insights into the regulation of autophagy in the kidneys and to enable the discovery of pathway-specific and kidney-selective therapies for kidney diseases and anti-ageing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Man J Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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25
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Zheng HJ, Zhang X, Guo J, Zhang W, Ai S, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu WJ. Lysosomal dysfunction-induced autophagic stress in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8276-8290. [PMID: 32583573 PMCID: PMC7412686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolic process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome for degradation, known as autophagy, is thought to act as a cytoprotective mechanism in response to stress or as a pathogenic process contributing towards cell death. Animal and human studies have shown that autophagy is substantially dysregulated in renal cells in diabetes, suggesting that activating autophagy could be a therapeutic intervention. However, under prolonged hyperglycaemia with impaired lysosome function, increased autophagy induction that exceeds the degradative capacity in cells could contribute toward autophagic stress or even the stagnation of autophagy, leading to renal cytotoxicity. Since lysosomal function is likely key to linking the dual cytoprotective and cytotoxic actions of autophagy, it is important to develop novel pharmacological agents that improve lysosomal function and restore autophagic flux. In this review, we first provide an overview of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway, particularly focusing on stages of lysosomal degradation during autophagy. Then, we discuss the role of adaptive autophagy and autophagic stress based on lysosomal function. More importantly, we focus on the role of autophagic stress induced by lysosomal dysfunction according to the pathogenic factors (including high glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), urinary protein, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid overload) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), respectively. Finally, therapeutic possibilities aimed at lysosomal restoration in DKD are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sinan Ai
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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26
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Wen D, Tan RZ, Zhao CY, Li JC, Zhong X, Diao H, Lin X, Duan DD, Fan JM, Xie XS, Wang L. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen Formula for Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy- In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence for Autophagy Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:732. [PMID: 32595492 PMCID: PMC7303297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with limited treatment options. DN leads to progressive renal failure and accelerates rapidly into end-stage renal disease. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen formula (APF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula widely used to treat chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in the clinic in the southwest of China. The aim of this study is to explore how APF and its related TCM theory work on DN and whether mTOR/PINK1/Parkin signaling plays a part in this process. Methods HPLC was used for preliminary chemical analysis and quantitative analysis of the five components of APF. An in vivo autophagy deficiency model was established in C57BL/6 mice by streptozocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat and high-sugar diet, while the in vitro autophagy deficiency model was induced with high glucose (HG) in renal mesangial cells (RMCs). Renal histopathology staining was performed to investigate the extents of inflammation and injury. Real time-PCR and Western blotting techniques were utilized to assess autophagy-related proteins. Results APF significantly ameliorated renal injury in DN mice, specifically restoring blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and 24-hour albuminuria. APF also reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in STZ-induced DN mice. Furthermore, APF improved the autophagy deficiency induced by STZ in vivo or HG in vitro, as revealed by changes in the expressions of mTOR, PINK1, Parkin, Beclin 1, p62, and LC3B. Notably, inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine in APF-treated RMCs aggravated cellular damage and altered mTOR/PINK1/Parkin signaling, indicating that APF rescued HG damage through promoting autophagy. Conclusion APF may protect the kidneys from inflammation injuries in DN by upregulating autophagy via suppressing mTOR and activating PINK1/Parkin signaling. This experimental evidence strongly supports APF as a potential option for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wen
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ming Fan
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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27
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Li G, Kidd J, Kaspar C, Dempsey S, Bhat OM, Camus S, Ritter JK, Gehr TWB, Gulbins E, Li PL. Podocytopathy and Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice with Podocyte-Specific Deletion of the Asah1 Gene: Role of Ceramide Accumulation in Glomeruli. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1211-1223. [PMID: 32194052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid ceramidase (Ac) has been shown to be critical for ceramide hydrolysis and regulation of lysosome function and cellular homeostasis. In the present study, we generated a knockout mouse strain (Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre) with a podocyte-specific deletion of the α subunit (main catalytic subunit) of Ac. Although no significant morphologic changes in glomeruli were observed in these mice under light microscope, severe proteinuria and albuminuria were found in these podocyte-specific knockout mice compared with control genotype littermates. Transmission electron microscopic analysis showed that podocytes of the knockout mice had distinctive foot process effacement and microvillus formation. These functional and morphologic changes indicate the development of nephrotic syndrome in mice bearing the Asah1 podocyte-specific gene deletion. Ceramide accumulation determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was demonstrated in isolated glomeruli of Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice compared with their littermates. By crossbreeding Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice with Smpd1-/- mice, we also produced a double knockout strain, Smpd1-/-/Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre, that also lacks Smpd1, the acid sphingomyelinase that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide. These mice exhibited significantly lower levels of glomerular ceramide with decreased podocyte injury compared with Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice. These results strongly suggest that lysosomal Ac in podocytes is essential for the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Cristin Kaspar
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sara Dempsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sarah Camus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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28
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Podocyte autophagy is associated with foot process effacement and proteinuria in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228337. [PMID: 31978139 PMCID: PMC6980606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism involved in the bulk degradation of proteins and turnover of organelle. Several studies have shown the significance of autophagy of the renal tubular epithelium in rodent models of tubulointerstitial disorder. However, the role of autophagy in the regulation of human glomerular diseases is largely unknown. The current study aimed to demonstrate morphological evidence of autophagy and its association with the ultrastructural changes of podocytes and clinical data in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, a disease in which patients exhibit podocyte injury. The study population included 95 patients, including patients with glomerular disease (minimal change nephrotic syndrome [MCNS], n = 41; idiopathic membranous nephropathy [IMN], n = 37) and 17 control subjects who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy. The number of autophagic vacuoles and the grade of foot process effacement (FPE) in podocytes were examined by electron microscopy (EM). The relationships among the expression of autophagic vacuoles, the grade of FPE, and the clinical data were determined. Autophagic vacuoles were mainly detected in podocytes by EM. The microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive area was co-localized with the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1)-positive area on immunofluorescence microscopy, which suggested that autophagy occurred in the podocytes of patients with MCNS. The number of autophagic vacuoles in the podocytes was significantly correlated with the podocyte FPE score (r = -0.443, p = 0.004), the amount of proteinuria (r = 0.334, p = 0.033), and the level of serum albumin (r = -0.317, p = 0.043) in patients with MCNS. The FPE score was a significant determinant for autophagy after adjusting for the age in a multiple regression analysis in MCNS patients (p = 0.0456). However, such correlations were not observed in patients with IMN or in control subjects. In conclusion, the results indicated that the autophagy of podocytes is associated with FPE and severe proteinuria in patients with MCNS. The mechanisms underlying the activation of autophagy in association with FPE in podocytes should be further investigated in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of MCNS.
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29
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Schenk H, Müller-Deile J, Schroder P, Bolaños-Palmieri P, Beverly-Staggs L, White R, Bräsen JH, Haller H, Schiffer M. Characterizing renal involvement in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome in a zebrafish model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17718. [PMID: 31776394 PMCID: PMC6881439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the genes coding for various HPS proteins. HPS proteins are part of multi-subunit complexes involved in the biogenesis of organelles from the lysosomal-endosomal-system. In humans, this syndrome is characterized by the presence of albinism, platelet dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis. The renal component to the disease remains unstudied and untreated in patients with HPS. Here we demonstrate that in humans, HPS proteins have a high renal expression with active transcription of HPS1, 3, 4 and 5 in human podocyte cell culture, suggesting that impaired function of HPS proteins could directly impact renal function. Therefore, we developed a zebrafish model to study the renal involvement of HPS proteins in proteinuric kidney disease. Remarkably, knockdown of HPS genes in zebrafish causes glomerular injury with edema, proteinuria and structural changes of the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, reduced expression of HPS proteins in zebrafish recapitulates other important disease hallmarks, like hypopigmentation and accumulation of intracellular debris characteristic of lysosomal disorders. In conclusion, we present a valid zebrafish model that highlights the previously underestimated relevance of renal disease in HPS. This draws attention to the therapeutic options available to manage this component of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schenk
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA.
| | - J Müller-Deile
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Schroder
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - P Bolaños-Palmieri
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Beverly-Staggs
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - R White
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - J H Bräsen
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Haller
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, USA
| | - M Schiffer
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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30
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Tsunakawa Y, Hamada M, Matsunaga Y, Fuseya S, Jeon H, Wakimoto Y, Usui T, Kanai M, Mizuno S, Morito N, Takahashi S. Mice harboring an MCTO mutation exhibit renal failure resembling nephropathy in human patients. Exp Anim 2018; 68:103-111. [PMID: 30369533 PMCID: PMC6389512 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (MCTO) is a condition involving progressive
osteolysis of the carpal and tarsal bones that is associated with glomerular sclerosis and
renal failure (MCTO nephropathy). Previous work identified an autosomal dominant missense
mutation in the transactivation domain of the transcription factor MAFB
as the cause of MCTO. Several methods are currently used for MCTO nephropathy treatment,
but these methods are invasive and lead to severe side effects, limiting their use.
Therefore, the development of alternative treatments for MCTO nephropathy is required;
however, the pathogenesis of MCTO in vivo is unclear without access to a
mouse model. Here, we report the generation of an MCTO mouse model using the CRISPR/Cas9
system. These mice exhibit nephropathy symptoms that are similar to those observed in MCTO
patients. MafbMCTO/MCTO mice show
developmental defects in body weight from postnatal day 0, which persist as they age. They
also exhibit high urine albumin creatinine levels from a young age, mimicking the
nephropathic symptoms of MCTO patients. Characteristics of glomerular sclerosis reported
in human patients are also observed, such as histological evidence of focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), podocyte foot process microvillus transformation and podocyte
foot process effacement. Therefore, this study contributes to the development of an
alternative treatment for MCTO nephropathy by providing a viable mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsunakawa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yurina Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fuseya
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hyojung Jeon
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Toshiaki Usui
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Maho Kanai
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoki Morito
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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31
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Dou F, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang J, Sun T, Mu F, Guo Q, Guo C, Jia N, Liu W, Ding Y, Wen A. Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:218-229. [PMID: 30215298 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aloe-emodin (AE), one of the main active compounds in Rhubarb, is widely used for renal protection. However, mechanisms implied in the modulation of kidney fibrosis after AE treatment for CKD remain elusive. Here, we explored the protective effects of AE for renal fibrosis and the involved mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The renal fibrosis mice model was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We found that AE administration significantly ameliorated UUO-induced impairment of kidney, evidenced by improved histopathological abnormalities, body weight, and abnormal renal function in mice model. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TGF-β1 and Fibronectin expressions were significantly decreased in UUO mice compared with sham group. Meanwhile, we found that AE suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway induced by TGF-β1 in vivo. AE improved cell survival and decreased the level of fibrosis-related proteins under TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells as well as in vitro. Furthermore, both wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, and short-hairpin RNAs of PI3K knockdown abrogated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, and decreased the suppression of fibrosis. These findings indicated that AE alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vivo and in vitro, which may provide a potential therapeutic option for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dou
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - YueTong Liu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Limin Liu
- 3 Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Ting Sun
- 4 Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Fei Mu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Qiyan Guo
- 5 Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Chao Guo
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Na Jia
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Yi Ding
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
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Rinschen MM, Huesgen PF, Koch RE. The podocyte protease web: uncovering the gatekeepers of glomerular disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1812-F1816. [PMID: 30230368 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00380.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases regulate glomerular physiology. The last decade has revealed a multitude of podocyte proteases that govern the glomerular response to numerous chemical, mechanical, and metabolic cues. These proteases form a protein signaling web that integrates stress stimuli and serves as a key controller of the glomerular microenvironment. Both the extracellular and intracellular proteolytic networks are perturbed in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, the highly intertwined podocyte protease web is an integrative part of the podocyte's damage response. Novel mass spectrometry-based technologies will help to untangle this proteolytic network: functional readouts acquired from deep podocyte proteomics, single glomerular proteomics, and degradomics have exposed unanticipated protease activity in podocytes. Future efforts should characterize the interdependency and upstream regulation of key proteases, along with their role in promoting tissue heterogeneity in glomerular diseases. These efforts will not only illuminate the machinery of podocyte proteostasis but also reveal avenues for therapeutic intervention in the podocyte protease web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich , Germany
| | - Rachelle E Koch
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Yu SMW, Nissaisorakarn P, Husain I, Jim B. Proteinuric Kidney Diseases: A Podocyte's Slit Diaphragm and Cytoskeleton Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:221. [PMID: 30255020 PMCID: PMC6141722 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuric kidney diseases are a group of disorders with diverse pathological mechanisms associated with significant losses of protein in the urine. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), comprised of the three important layers, the fenestrated glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and the podocyte, dictates that disruption of any one of these structures should lead to proteinuric disease. Podocytes, in particular, have long been considered as the final gatekeeper of the GFB. This specialized visceral epithelial cell contains a complex framework of cytoskeletons forming foot processes and mediate important cell signaling to maintain podocyte health. In this review, we will focus on slit diaphragm proteins such as nephrin, podocin, TRPC6/5, as well as cytoskeletal proteins Rho/small GTPases and synaptopodin and their respective roles in participating in the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases. Furthermore, we will summarize the potential therapeutic options targeting the podocyte to treat this group of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Belinda Jim
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.,Renal Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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34
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Cocchiaro P, De Pasquale V, Della Morte R, Tafuri S, Avallone L, Pizard A, Moles A, Pavone LM. The Multifaceted Role of the Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:114. [PMID: 29312937 PMCID: PMC5742100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is worldwide the 12th leading cause of death affecting 8–16% of the entire population. Kidney disease encompasses acute (short-lasting episode) and chronic (developing over years) pathologies both leading to renal failure. Since specific treatments for acute or chronic kidney disease are limited, more than 2 million people a year require dialysis or kidney transplantation. Several recent evidences identified lysosomal proteases cathepsins as key players in kidney pathophysiology. Cathepsins, originally found in the lysosomes, exert important functions also in the cytosol and nucleus of cells as well as in the extracellular space, thus participating in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Based on their catalytic active site residue, the 15 human cathepsins identified up to now are classified in three different families: serine (cathepsins A and G), aspartate (cathepsins D and E), or cysteine (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, X, and W) proteases. Specifically in the kidney, cathepsins B, D, L and S have been shown to regulate extracellular matrix homeostasis, autophagy, apoptosis, glomerular permeability, endothelial function, and inflammation. Dysregulation of their expression/activity has been associated to the onset and progression of kidney disease. This review summarizes most of the recent findings that highlight the critical role of cathepsins in kidney disease development and progression. A better understanding of the signaling pathways governed by cathepsins in kidney physiopathology may yield novel selective biomarkers or therapeutic targets for developing specific treatments against kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cocchiaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, "Défaillance Cardiaque Aigüe et Chronique", Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Center for Clinical Investigation 1433, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Della Morte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Pizard
- Faculty of Medicine, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, "Défaillance Cardiaque Aigüe et Chronique", Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Center for Clinical Investigation 1433, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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35
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Blass G, Levchenko V, Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A. Chronic cathepsin inhibition by E-64 in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12950. [PMID: 27597769 PMCID: PMC5027357 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes expressed in the kidneys and other tissues, and are involved in the maturation and breakdown of cellular proteins. They have been shown to be integrally involved in the progression of many cardiovascular and renal diseases. The goal of this study was to determine the involvement of cysteine cathepsins in the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension and associated kidney damage. In our experiments, Dahl salt‐sensitive (SS) rats were fed an 8% high salt NaCl diet and intravenously infused with the irreversible cysteine cathepsin inhibitor E‐64 (1 mg/day) or the vehicle (control). Both the control and E‐64 infused groups developed significant hypertension and kidney damage, and no difference of the mean arterial pressure and the hypertension‐associated albuminuria was observed between the groups. We next tested basal calcium levels in the podocytes of both control and infused groups using confocal calcium imaging. Basal calcium did not differ between the groups, indicative of the lack of a protective or aggravating influence by the cathepsin inhibition. The efficacy of E‐64 was tested in Western blotting. Our findings corresponded to the previously reported, E‐64 induced increase in cathepsin B and L abundance. We conclude that the inhibition of cysteine cathepsins by E‐64 does not have any effects on the blood pressure development and kidney damage, at least under the studied conditions of this model of SS hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Blass
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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36
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Rinschen MM, Hoppe AK, Grahammer F, Kann M, Völker LA, Schurek EM, Binz J, Höhne M, Demir F, Malisic M, Huber TB, Kurschat C, Kizhakkedathu JN, Schermer B, Huesgen PF, Benzing T. N-Degradomic Analysis Reveals a Proteolytic Network Processing the Podocyte Cytoskeleton. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2867-2878. [PMID: 28724775 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated intracellular proteostasis, controlled in part by proteolysis, is essential in maintaining the integrity of podocytes and the glomerular filtration barrier of the kidney. We applied a novel proteomics technology that enables proteome-wide identification, mapping, and quantification of protein N-termini to comprehensively characterize cleaved podocyte proteins in the glomerulus in vivo We found evidence that defined proteolytic cleavage results in various proteoforms of important podocyte proteins, including those of podocin, nephrin, neph1, α-actinin-4, and vimentin. Quantitative mapping of N-termini demonstrated perturbation of protease action during podocyte injury in vitro, including diminished proteolysis of α-actinin-4. Differentially regulated protease substrates comprised cytoskeletal proteins as well as intermediate filaments. Determination of preferential protease motifs during podocyte damage indicated activation of caspase proteases and inhibition of arginine-specific proteases. Several proteolytic processes were clearly site-specific, were conserved across species, and could be confirmed by differential migration behavior of protein fragments in gel electrophoresis. Some of the proteolytic changes discovered in vitro also occurred in two in vivo models of podocyte damage (WT1 heterozygous knockout mice and puromycin aminonucleoside-treated rats). Thus, we provide direct and systems-level evidence that the slit diaphragm and podocyte cytoskeleton are regulated targets of proteolytic modification, which is altered upon podocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hoppe
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Linus A Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Eva-Maria Schurek
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Julie Binz
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Milena Malisic
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Christine Kurschat
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany;
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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37
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Shirata N, Ihara KI, Yamamoto-Nonaka K, Seki T, Makino SI, Oliva Trejo JA, Miyake T, Yamada H, Campbell KN, Nakagawa T, Mori K, Yanagita M, Mundel P, Nishimori K, Asanuma K. Glomerulosclerosis Induced by Deficiency of Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Inverted 2 in Kidney Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2654-2669. [PMID: 28539383 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI-2) is a component of the slit diaphragm (SD) of glomerular podocytes. Here, we investigated the podocyte-specific function of MAGI-2 using newly generated podocyte-specific MAGI-2-knockout (MAGI-2-KO) mice. Compared with podocytes from wild-type mice, podocytes from MAGI-2-KO mice exhibited SD disruption, morphologic abnormalities of foot processes, and podocyte apoptosis leading to podocyte loss. These pathologic changes manifested as massive albuminuria by 8 weeks of age and glomerulosclerosis and significantly higher plasma creatinine levels at 12 weeks of age; all MAGI-2-KO mice died by 20 weeks of age. Loss of MAGI-2 in podocytes associated with decreased expression and nuclear translocation of dendrin, which is also a component of the SD complex. Dendrin translocates from the SD to the nucleus of injured podocytes, promoting apoptosis. Our coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro reconstitution studies showed that dendrin is phosphorylated by Fyn and dephosphorylated by PTP1B, and that Fyn-induced phosphorylation prevents Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination of dendrin. Under physiologic conditions in vivo, phosphorylated dendrin localized at the SDs; in the absence of MAGI-2, dephosphorylated dendrin accumulated in the nucleus. Furthermore, induction of experimental GN in rats led to the downregulation of MAGI-2 expression and the nuclear accumulation of dendrin in podocytes. In summary, MAGI-2 and Fyn protect dendrin from Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination and from nuclear translocation, thereby maintaining the physiologic homeostasis of podocytes, and the lack of MAGI-2 in podocytes results in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naritoshi Shirata
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Toda, Japan
| | - Kan-Ichiro Ihara
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kanae Yamamoto-Nonaka
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuto Seki
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Makino
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kirk Nicholas Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Mundel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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38
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Green Tea Polyphenols, Mimicking the Effects of Dietary Restriction, Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Kidney Injury via Regulating Autophagy Flux. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050497. [PMID: 28505110 PMCID: PMC5452227 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies reveal that Western dietary patterns contribute to chronic kidney disease, whereas dietary restriction (DR) or dietary polyphenols such as green tea polyphenols (GTPs) can ameliorate the progression of kidney injury. This study aimed to investigate the renal protective effects of GTPs and explore the underlying mechanisms. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: standard diet (STD), DR, high-fat diet (HFD), and three diets plus 200 mg/kg(bw)/day GTPs, respectively. After 18 weeks, HFD group exhibited renal injuries by increased serum cystatin C levels and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity, which can be ameliorated by GTPs. Meanwhile, autophagy impairment as denoted by autophagy-lysosome related proteins, including LC3-II, Beclin-1, p62, cathepsin B, cathepsin D and LAMP-1, was observed in HFD group, whereas DR or GTPs promoted renal autophagy activities and GTPs ameliorated HFD-induced autophagy impairment. In vitro, autophagy flux suppression was detected in palmitic acid (PA)-treated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), which was ameliorated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Furthermore, GTPs (or EGCG) elevated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the kidneys of HFD-treated rats and in PA-treated HK-2 cells. These findings revealed that GTPs mimic the effects of DR to induce autophagy and exert a renal protective effect by alleviating HFD-induced autophagy suppression.
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39
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Purkinje Cells Are More Vulnerable to the Specific Depletion of Cathepsin D Than to That of Atg7. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1586-1600. [PMID: 28502476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurologic phenotypes of cathepsin D (CTSD)-deficient mice, a murine model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, indicate the importance of CTSD for the maintenance of metabolism in central nervous system neurons. To further understand the role of CTSD in central nervous system neurons, we generated mice with a CTSD deficiency specifically in the Purkinje cells (PCs) (CTSDFlox/Flox;GRID2-Cre) and compared their phenotypes with those of PC-selective Atg7-deficient (Atg7Flox/Flox;GRID2-Cre) mice. In both strains of mice, PCs underwent degeneration, but the CTSD-deficient PCs disappeared more rapidly than their Atg7-deficient counterparts. When CTSD-deficient PCs died, the neuronal cell bodies became shrunken, filled with autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and had nuclei with dispersed small chromatin fragments. The dying Atg7-deficient PCs also showed similar ultrastructures, indicating that the neuronal cell death of CTSD- and Atg7-deficient PCs was distinct from apoptosis. Immunohistochemical observations showed the formation of calbindin-positive axonal spheroids and the swelling of vesicular GABA transporter-positive presynaptic terminals that were more pronounced in Atg7-deficient PCs than in CTSD-deficient PCs. An accumulation of tubular vesicles may have derived from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum; nascent autophagosome-like structures with double membranes was a common feature in the swollen axons of these PCs. These results suggested that PCs were more vulnerable to CTSD deficiency in lysosomes than to autophagy impairment, and this vulnerability does not depend on the severity of axonal swelling.
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40
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Wysocki J, Goodling A, Burgaya M, Whitlock K, Ruzinski J, Batlle D, Afkarian M. Urine RAS components in mice and people with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F487-F494. [PMID: 28468961 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00074.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathways implicated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are largely derived from animal models. To examine if alterations in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in humans are concordant with those in rodent models, we measured concentration of angiotensinogen (AOG), cathepsin D (CTSD), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and ACE2 and enzymatic activities of ACE, ACE2, and aminopeptidase-A in FVB mice 13-20 wk after treatment with streptozotocin (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 15) and people with long-standing type 1 diabetes, with (n = 37) or without (n = 81) DKD. In streptozotocin-treated mice, urine AOG and CTSD were 10.4- and 3.0-fold higher than in controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Enzymatic activities of ACE, ACE2, and APA were 6.2-, 3.2-, and 18.8-fold higher, respectively, in diabetic animals (P < 0.001). Angiotensin II was 2.4-fold higher in diabetic animals (P = 0.017). Compared with people without DKD, those with DKD had higher urine AOG (170 vs. 15 μg/g) and CTSD (147 vs. 31 μg/g). In people with DKD, urine ACE concentration was 1.8-fold higher (1.4 vs. 0.8 μg/g in those without DKD), while its enzymatic activity was 0.6-fold lower (1.0 vs. 1.6 × 109 RFU/g in those without DKD). Lower ACE activity, but not ACE protein concentration, was associated with ACE inhibitor (ACEI) treatment. After adjustment for clinical covariates, AOG, CTSD, ACE concentration, and ACE activity remained associated with DKD. In conclusion, in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in humans with DKD, urine concentrations and enzymatic activities of several RAS components are concordantly increased, consistent with enhanced RAS activity and greater angiotensin II formation. ACEI use was associated with a specific reduction in urine ACE activity, not ACE protein concentration, suggesting that it may be a marker of exposure to this widely-used therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wysocki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne Goodling
- Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mar Burgaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Whitlock
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - John Ruzinski
- Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Maryam Afkarian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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41
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Alghamdi TA, Majumder S, Thieme K, Batchu SN, White KE, Liu Y, Brijmohan AS, Bowskill BB, Advani SL, Woo M, Advani A. Janus Kinase 2 Regulates Transcription Factor EB Expression and Autophagy Completion in Glomerular Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2641-2653. [PMID: 28424277 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) has garnered attention as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD. However, being ubiquitously expressed in the adult, JAK2 is also likely to be necessary for normal organ function. Here, we investigated the phenotypic effects of JAK2 deficiency. Mice in which JAK2 had been deleted from podocytes exhibited an elevation in urine albumin excretion that was accompanied by increased podocyte autophagosome fractional volume and p62 aggregation, which are indicative of impaired autophagy completion. In cultured podocytes, knockdown of JAK2 similarly impaired autophagy and led to downregulation in the expression of lysosomal genes and decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D. Because transcription factor EB (TFEB) has recently emerged as a master regulator of autophagosome-lysosome function, controlling the expression of several of the genes downregulated by JAK2 knockdown, we questioned whether TFEB is regulated by JAK2. In immortalized mouse podocytes, JAK2 knockdown decreased TFEB promoter activity, expression, and nuclear localization. In silico analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the downstream mediator of JAK2 signaling STAT1 binds to the TFEB promoter. Finally, overexpression of TFEB in JAK2-deficient podocytes reversed lysosomal dysfunction and restored albumin permselectivity. Collectively, these observations highlight the homeostatic actions of JAK2 in podocytes and the importance of TFEB to autophagosome-lysosome function in these cells. These results also raise the possibility that therapeutically modulating TFEB activity may improve podocyte health in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamadher A Alghamdi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karina Thieme
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sri N Batchu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Youan Liu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela S Brijmohan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bridgit B Bowskill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Sorting Nexin 9 facilitates podocin endocytosis in the injured podocyte. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43921. [PMID: 28266622 PMCID: PMC5339724 DOI: 10.1038/srep43921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversibility of glomerulosclerotic changes depends on the degree of podocyte injury. We have previously demonstrated the endocytic translocation of podocin to the subcellular area in severely injured podocytes and found that this process is the primary disease trigger. Here we identified the protein sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) as a novel facilitator of podocin endocytosis in a yeast two-hybrid analysis. SNX9 is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, actin rearrangement and vesicle transport regulation. Our results revealed and confirmed that SNX9 interacts with podocin exclusively through the Bin–Amphiphysin–Rvs (BAR) domain of SNX9. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of SNX9 in response to podocyte adriamycin-induced injury both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, an analysis of human glomerular disease biopsy samples demonstrated strong SNX9 expression and co-localization with podocin in samples representative of severe podocyte injury, such as IgA nephropathy with poor prognosis, membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In conclusion, we identified SNX9 as a facilitator of podocin endocytosis in severe podocyte injury and demonstrated the expression of SNX9 in the podocytes of both nephropathy model mice and human patients with irreversible glomerular disease.
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Beckerman P, Bi-Karchin J, Park ASD, Qiu C, Dummer PD, Soomro I, Boustany-Kari CM, Pullen SS, Miner JH, Hu CAA, Rohacs T, Inoue K, Ishibe S, Saleem MA, Palmer MB, Cuervo AM, Kopp JB, Susztak K. Transgenic expression of human APOL1 risk variants in podocytes induces kidney disease in mice. Nat Med 2017; 23:429-438. [PMID: 28218918 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
African Americans have a heightened risk of developing chronic and end-stage kidney disease, an association that is largely attributed to two common genetic variants, termed G1 and G2, in the APOL1 gene. Direct evidence demonstrating that these APOL1 risk alleles are pathogenic is still lacking because the APOL1 gene is present in only some primates and humans; thus it has been challenging to demonstrate experimental proof of causality of these risk alleles for renal disease. Here we generated mice with podocyte-specific inducible expression of the APOL1 reference allele (termed G0) or each of the risk-conferring alleles (G1 or G2). We show that mice with podocyte-specific expression of either APOL1 risk allele, but not of the G0 allele, develop functional (albuminuria and azotemia), structural (foot-process effacement and glomerulosclerosis) and molecular (gene-expression) changes that closely resemble human kidney disease. Disease development was cell-type specific and likely reversible, and the severity correlated with the level of expression of the risk allele. We further found that expression of the risk-variant APOL1 alleles interferes with endosomal trafficking and blocks autophagic flux, which ultimately leads to inflammatory-mediated podocyte death and glomerular scarring. In summary, this is the first demonstration that the expression of APOL1 risk alleles is causal for altered podocyte function and glomerular disease in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Beckerman
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ae Seo Deok Park
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick D Dummer
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irfana Soomro
- Division of Nephrology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carine M Boustany-Kari
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven S Pullen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chien-An A Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology &Neuroscience, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Division of Nephrology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Division of Nephrology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal and Children's Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew B Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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